Compactness/density assessment of newly-paved highway containing recycled asphalt pavement by means of non-nuclear method. Araujo, S., Beaucamp, B., Delbreilh, L., Dargent, É., & Fauchard, C. Construction and Building Materials, July, 2017. ![Compactness/density assessment of newly-paved highway containing recycled asphalt pavement by means of non-nuclear method [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex In this paper, the compactness of a newly-paved road is assessed by means of non-destructive Step Frequency Radar (SFR) as an alternative to cores testing and nuclear gauges usually performed in laboratory or on site. Moreover, our approach allows the estimation of compactness whereas the road contained 38% in weight of recycled component with unknown physical properties. Usually Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) properties have to be well known to apply electromagnetic mixing models which are required to evaluate the density/compactness from the measured permittivity. Two electromagnetic mixing model families, Power Law (PL) models and Unified Mixing Rules (UMR), are investigated here for 5-phase material, including aggregates, recyclates, binder, filler and air. In order to assess accurately the compactness, three methods are developed. First, without any laboratory experiment, compactness is estimated directly from SFR measurements from a best-fitting approach constrained by manufacturer compactness specification. Second, performing a permittivity measurement of aggregates by means of resonant cylindrical cavities in laboratory, compactness is assessed accurately. Finally, in order to evaluate the second approach according to standard methods, the HMA compactness is obtained by back-calculating the permittivity of recyclates based on reference compactness results (cores and nuclear gamma bench controls) performed in laboratory. Additionally, the thickness of the top layer of the base course is estimated simultaneously with the compactness for both static (SFR measurements at given location) and dynamic modes (SFR system embedded in vehicle). This point helps to best-understanding the deviation observed on the results. In conclusion, this study shows that CRIM (PL family), Rayleigh and Böttcher models (UMR family) are well-adapted to assessed HMA compactness in the microwave band. Moreover, the second approach proves that HMA compactness of newly-paved road can be assessed both in static and dynamic modes with an error compared to the standard measurements weaker than 1%, by means of permittivity measurement in laboratory, without the need of nuclear gauges or destructive techniques.
@article{araujo_compactness/density_2017,
title = {Compactness/density assessment of newly-paved highway containing recycled asphalt pavement by means of non-nuclear method},
issn = {0950-0618},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061817314083},
doi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.075},
abstract = {In this paper, the compactness of a newly-paved road is assessed by means of non-destructive Step Frequency Radar (SFR) as an alternative to cores testing and nuclear gauges usually performed in laboratory or on site. Moreover, our approach allows the estimation of compactness whereas the road contained 38\% in weight of recycled component with unknown physical properties. Usually Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) properties have to be well known to apply electromagnetic mixing models which are required to evaluate the density/compactness from the measured permittivity. Two electromagnetic mixing model families, Power Law (PL) models and Unified Mixing Rules (UMR), are investigated here for 5-phase material, including aggregates, recyclates, binder, filler and air. In order to assess accurately the compactness, three methods are developed. First, without any laboratory experiment, compactness is estimated directly from SFR measurements from a best-fitting approach constrained by manufacturer compactness specification. Second, performing a permittivity measurement of aggregates by means of resonant cylindrical cavities in laboratory, compactness is assessed accurately. Finally, in order to evaluate the second approach according to standard methods, the HMA compactness is obtained by back-calculating the permittivity of recyclates based on reference compactness results (cores and nuclear gamma bench controls) performed in laboratory. Additionally, the thickness of the top layer of the base course is estimated simultaneously with the compactness for both static (SFR measurements at given location) and dynamic modes (SFR system embedded in vehicle). This point helps to best-understanding the deviation observed on the results. In conclusion, this study shows that CRIM (PL family), Rayleigh and Böttcher models (UMR family) are well-adapted to assessed HMA compactness in the microwave band. Moreover, the second approach proves that HMA compactness of newly-paved road can be assessed both in static and dynamic modes with an error compared to the standard measurements weaker than 1\%, by means of permittivity measurement in laboratory, without the need of nuclear gauges or destructive techniques.},
urldate = {2017-08-21},
journal = {Construction and Building Materials},
author = {Araujo, Steven and Beaucamp, Bruno and Delbreilh, Laurent and Dargent, Éric and Fauchard, Cyrille},
month = jul,
year = {2017},
keywords = {Compactness, EM mixing model, HMA, Non nuclear gauges, Permittivity, Recycled asphalt pavement, Step Frequency Radar}
}
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Moreover, our approach allows the estimation of compactness whereas the road contained 38% in weight of recycled component with unknown physical properties. Usually Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) properties have to be well known to apply electromagnetic mixing models which are required to evaluate the density/compactness from the measured permittivity. Two electromagnetic mixing model families, Power Law (PL) models and Unified Mixing Rules (UMR), are investigated here for 5-phase material, including aggregates, recyclates, binder, filler and air. In order to assess accurately the compactness, three methods are developed. First, without any laboratory experiment, compactness is estimated directly from SFR measurements from a best-fitting approach constrained by manufacturer compactness specification. Second, performing a permittivity measurement of aggregates by means of resonant cylindrical cavities in laboratory, compactness is assessed accurately. Finally, in order to evaluate the second approach according to standard methods, the HMA compactness is obtained by back-calculating the permittivity of recyclates based on reference compactness results (cores and nuclear gamma bench controls) performed in laboratory. Additionally, the thickness of the top layer of the base course is estimated simultaneously with the compactness for both static (SFR measurements at given location) and dynamic modes (SFR system embedded in vehicle). This point helps to best-understanding the deviation observed on the results. In conclusion, this study shows that CRIM (PL family), Rayleigh and Böttcher models (UMR family) are well-adapted to assessed HMA compactness in the microwave band. 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Finally, in order to evaluate the second approach according to standard methods, the HMA compactness is obtained by back-calculating the permittivity of recyclates based on reference compactness results (cores and nuclear gamma bench controls) performed in laboratory. Additionally, the thickness of the top layer of the base course is estimated simultaneously with the compactness for both static (SFR measurements at given location) and dynamic modes (SFR system embedded in vehicle). This point helps to best-understanding the deviation observed on the results. In conclusion, this study shows that CRIM (PL family), Rayleigh and Böttcher models (UMR family) are well-adapted to assessed HMA compactness in the microwave band. 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