A bacterial assay for rapid screening of IAA catabolic enzymes. Brunoni, F., Collani, S., Šimura, J., Schmid, M., Bellini, C., & Ljung, K. Plant Methods, 15(1):126, December, 2019. ![A bacterial assay for rapid screening of IAA catabolic enzymes [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Abstract Background Plants rely on concentration gradients of the native auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), to modulate plant growth and development. Both metabolic and transport processes participate in the dynamic regulation of IAA homeostasis. Free IAA levels can be reduced by inactivation mechanisms, such as conjugation and degradation. IAA can be conjugated via ester linkage to glucose, or via amide linkage to amino acids, and degraded via oxidation. Members of the UDP glucosyl transferase (UGT) family catalyze the conversion of IAA to indole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester (IAGlc); by contrast, IAA is irreversibly converted to indole-3-acetyl- l -aspartic acid (IAAsp) and indole-3-acetyl glutamic acid (IAGlu) by Group II of the GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3) family of acyl amido synthetases. Dioxygenase for auxin oxidation (DAO) irreversibly oxidizes IAA to oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA) and, in turn, oxIAA can be further glucosylated to oxindole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester (oxIAGlc) by UGTs. These metabolic pathways have been identified based on mutant analyses, in vitro activity measurements, and in planta feeding assays. In vitro assays for studying protein activity are based on producing Arabidopsis enzymes in a recombinant form in bacteria or yeast followed by recombinant protein purification. However, the need to extract and purify the recombinant proteins represents a major obstacle when performing in vitro assays. Results In this work we report a rapid, reproducible and cheap method to screen the enzymatic activity of recombinant proteins that are known to inactivate IAA. The enzymatic reactions are carried out directly in bacteria that produce the recombinant protein. The enzymatic products can be measured by direct injection of a small supernatant fraction from the bacterial culture on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI-MS/MS). Experimental procedures were optimized for testing the activity of different classes of IAA-modifying enzymes without the need to purify recombinant protein. Conclusions This new method represents an alternative to existing in vitro assays. It can be applied to the analysis of IAA metabolites that are produced upon supplementation of substrate to engineered bacterial cultures and can be used for a rapid screening of orthologous candidate genes from non-model species.
@article{brunoni_bacterial_2019,
title = {A bacterial assay for rapid screening of {IAA} catabolic enzymes},
volume = {15},
issn = {1746-4811},
url = {https://plantmethods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13007-019-0509-6},
doi = {10.1186/s13007-019-0509-6},
abstract = {Abstract
Background
Plants rely on concentration gradients of the native auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), to modulate plant growth and development. Both metabolic and transport processes participate in the dynamic regulation of IAA homeostasis. Free IAA levels can be reduced by inactivation mechanisms, such as conjugation and degradation. IAA can be conjugated via ester linkage to glucose, or via amide linkage to amino acids, and degraded via oxidation. Members of the UDP glucosyl transferase (UGT) family catalyze the conversion of IAA to indole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester (IAGlc); by contrast, IAA is irreversibly converted to indole-3-acetyl-
l
-aspartic acid (IAAsp) and indole-3-acetyl glutamic acid (IAGlu) by Group II of the GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3) family of acyl amido synthetases. Dioxygenase for auxin oxidation (DAO) irreversibly oxidizes IAA to oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA) and, in turn, oxIAA can be further glucosylated to oxindole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester (oxIAGlc) by UGTs. These metabolic pathways have been identified based on mutant analyses, in vitro activity measurements, and
in planta
feeding assays. In vitro assays for studying protein activity are based on producing Arabidopsis enzymes in a recombinant form in bacteria or yeast followed by recombinant protein purification. However, the need to extract and purify the recombinant proteins represents a major obstacle when performing in vitro assays.
Results
In this work we report a rapid, reproducible and cheap method to screen the enzymatic activity of recombinant proteins that are known to inactivate IAA. The enzymatic reactions are carried out directly in bacteria that produce the recombinant protein. The enzymatic products can be measured by direct injection of a small supernatant fraction from the bacterial culture on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI-MS/MS). Experimental procedures were optimized for testing the activity of different classes of IAA-modifying enzymes without the need to purify recombinant protein.
Conclusions
This new method represents an alternative to existing in vitro assays. It can be applied to the analysis of IAA metabolites that are produced upon supplementation of substrate to engineered bacterial cultures and can be used for a rapid screening of orthologous candidate genes from non-model species.},
language = {en},
number = {1},
urldate = {2021-06-07},
journal = {Plant Methods},
author = {Brunoni, Federica and Collani, Silvio and Šimura, Jan and Schmid, Markus and Bellini, Catherine and Ljung, Karin},
month = dec,
year = {2019},
pages = {126},
}
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{"_id":"xnmq3xPaaPMqEsKwF","bibbaseid":"brunoni-collani-imura-schmid-bellini-ljung-abacterialassayforrapidscreeningofiaacatabolicenzymes-2019","author_short":["Brunoni, F.","Collani, S.","Šimura, J.","Schmid, M.","Bellini, C.","Ljung, K."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"A bacterial assay for rapid screening of IAA catabolic enzymes","volume":"15","issn":"1746-4811","url":"https://plantmethods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13007-019-0509-6","doi":"10.1186/s13007-019-0509-6","abstract":"Abstract Background Plants rely on concentration gradients of the native auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), to modulate plant growth and development. Both metabolic and transport processes participate in the dynamic regulation of IAA homeostasis. Free IAA levels can be reduced by inactivation mechanisms, such as conjugation and degradation. IAA can be conjugated via ester linkage to glucose, or via amide linkage to amino acids, and degraded via oxidation. Members of the UDP glucosyl transferase (UGT) family catalyze the conversion of IAA to indole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester (IAGlc); by contrast, IAA is irreversibly converted to indole-3-acetyl- l -aspartic acid (IAAsp) and indole-3-acetyl glutamic acid (IAGlu) by Group II of the GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3) family of acyl amido synthetases. Dioxygenase for auxin oxidation (DAO) irreversibly oxidizes IAA to oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA) and, in turn, oxIAA can be further glucosylated to oxindole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester (oxIAGlc) by UGTs. These metabolic pathways have been identified based on mutant analyses, in vitro activity measurements, and in planta feeding assays. In vitro assays for studying protein activity are based on producing Arabidopsis enzymes in a recombinant form in bacteria or yeast followed by recombinant protein purification. However, the need to extract and purify the recombinant proteins represents a major obstacle when performing in vitro assays. Results In this work we report a rapid, reproducible and cheap method to screen the enzymatic activity of recombinant proteins that are known to inactivate IAA. The enzymatic reactions are carried out directly in bacteria that produce the recombinant protein. The enzymatic products can be measured by direct injection of a small supernatant fraction from the bacterial culture on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI-MS/MS). Experimental procedures were optimized for testing the activity of different classes of IAA-modifying enzymes without the need to purify recombinant protein. Conclusions This new method represents an alternative to existing in vitro assays. It can be applied to the analysis of IAA metabolites that are produced upon supplementation of substrate to engineered bacterial cultures and can be used for a rapid screening of orthologous candidate genes from non-model species.","language":"en","number":"1","urldate":"2021-06-07","journal":"Plant Methods","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Brunoni"],"firstnames":["Federica"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Collani"],"firstnames":["Silvio"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Šimura"],"firstnames":["Jan"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Schmid"],"firstnames":["Markus"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bellini"],"firstnames":["Catherine"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ljung"],"firstnames":["Karin"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"December","year":"2019","pages":"126","bibtex":"@article{brunoni_bacterial_2019,\n\ttitle = {A bacterial assay for rapid screening of {IAA} catabolic enzymes},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1746-4811},\n\turl = {https://plantmethods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13007-019-0509-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/s13007-019-0509-6},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n \n Background\n \n Plants rely on concentration gradients of the native auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), to modulate plant growth and development. Both metabolic and transport processes participate in the dynamic regulation of IAA homeostasis. Free IAA levels can be reduced by inactivation mechanisms, such as conjugation and degradation. IAA can be conjugated via ester linkage to glucose, or via amide linkage to amino acids, and degraded via oxidation. Members of the UDP glucosyl transferase (UGT) family catalyze the conversion of IAA to indole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester (IAGlc); by contrast, IAA is irreversibly converted to indole-3-acetyl-\n l\n -aspartic acid (IAAsp) and indole-3-acetyl glutamic acid (IAGlu) by Group II of the GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3) family of acyl amido synthetases. Dioxygenase for auxin oxidation (DAO) irreversibly oxidizes IAA to oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA) and, in turn, oxIAA can be further glucosylated to oxindole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester (oxIAGlc) by UGTs. These metabolic pathways have been identified based on mutant analyses, in vitro activity measurements, and\n in planta\n feeding assays. In vitro assays for studying protein activity are based on producing Arabidopsis enzymes in a recombinant form in bacteria or yeast followed by recombinant protein purification. However, the need to extract and purify the recombinant proteins represents a major obstacle when performing in vitro assays.\n \n \n \n Results\n In this work we report a rapid, reproducible and cheap method to screen the enzymatic activity of recombinant proteins that are known to inactivate IAA. The enzymatic reactions are carried out directly in bacteria that produce the recombinant protein. The enzymatic products can be measured by direct injection of a small supernatant fraction from the bacterial culture on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI-MS/MS). Experimental procedures were optimized for testing the activity of different classes of IAA-modifying enzymes without the need to purify recombinant protein.\n \n \n Conclusions\n This new method represents an alternative to existing in vitro assays. It can be applied to the analysis of IAA metabolites that are produced upon supplementation of substrate to engineered bacterial cultures and can be used for a rapid screening of orthologous candidate genes from non-model species.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2021-06-07},\n\tjournal = {Plant Methods},\n\tauthor = {Brunoni, Federica and Collani, Silvio and Šimura, Jan and Schmid, Markus and Bellini, Catherine and Ljung, Karin},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {126},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Brunoni, F.","Collani, S.","Šimura, J.","Schmid, M.","Bellini, C.","Ljung, K."],"key":"brunoni_bacterial_2019","id":"brunoni_bacterial_2019","bibbaseid":"brunoni-collani-imura-schmid-bellini-ljung-abacterialassayforrapidscreeningofiaacatabolicenzymes-2019","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://plantmethods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13007-019-0509-6"},"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero/upscpub","dataSources":["fvfkWcShg3Mybjoog","9cGcv2t8pRzC92kzs","Tu3jPdZyJF3j547xT"],"keywords":[],"search_terms":["bacterial","assay","rapid","screening","iaa","catabolic","enzymes","brunoni","collani","šimura","schmid","bellini","ljung"],"title":"A bacterial assay for rapid screening of IAA catabolic enzymes","year":2019}