"Book Music" Representation for Temporal Data, as a Part of the Feature Extraction Process: A Novel Approach to Improve the Handling of Time-Dependent Data in Secondary Use of Healthcare Structured Data. Chazard, E., Balaye, P., Balcaen, T., Genin, M., Cuggia, M., Bouzille, G., & Lamer, A. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 290:567–571, June, 2022.
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Book music is extensively used in street organs. It consists of thick cardboard, containing perforated holes specifying the musical notes. We propose to represent clinical time-dependent data in a tabular form inspired from this principle. The sheet represents a statistical individual, each row represents a binary time-dependent variable, and each hole denotes the "true" value. Data from electronic health records or nationwide medical-administrative databases can then be represented: demographics, patient flow, drugs, laboratory results, diagnoses, and procedures. This data representation is suitable for survival analysis (e.g., Cox model with repeated outcomes and changing covariates) and different types of temporal association rules. Quantitative continuous variables can be discretized, as in clinical studies. The "book music" approach could become an intermediary step in feature extraction from structured data. It would enable to better account for time in analyses, notably for historical cohort analyses based on healthcare data reuse.
@article{chazard_book_2022,
	title = {"{Book} {Music}" {Representation} for {Temporal} {Data}, as a {Part} of the {Feature} {Extraction} {Process}: {A} {Novel} {Approach} to {Improve} the {Handling} of {Time}-{Dependent} {Data} in {Secondary} {Use} of {Healthcare} {Structured} {Data}},
	volume = {290},
	issn = {1879-8365},
	shorttitle = {"{Book} {Music}" {Representation} for {Temporal} {Data}, as a {Part} of the {Feature} {Extraction} {Process}},
	doi = {10.3233/SHTI220141},
	abstract = {Book music is extensively used in street organs. It consists of thick cardboard, containing perforated holes specifying the musical notes. We propose to represent clinical time-dependent data in a tabular form inspired from this principle. The sheet represents a statistical individual, each row represents a binary time-dependent variable, and each hole denotes the "true" value. Data from electronic health records or nationwide medical-administrative databases can then be represented: demographics, patient flow, drugs, laboratory results, diagnoses, and procedures. This data representation is suitable for survival analysis (e.g., Cox model with repeated outcomes and changing covariates) and different types of temporal association rules. Quantitative continuous variables can be discretized, as in clinical studies. The "book music" approach could become an intermediary step in feature extraction from structured data. It would enable to better account for time in analyses, notably for historical cohort analyses based on healthcare data reuse.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},
	author = {Chazard, Emmanuel and Balaye, Pierre and Balcaen, Thibaut and Genin, Michaël and Cuggia, Marc and Bouzille, Guillaume and Lamer, Antoine},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35673080},
	keywords = {Data reuse, feature extraction, survival analyses},
	pages = {567--571},
}

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