Potential effects of warmer worms and vectors on onchocerciasis transmission in West Africa. Cheke, R. A., Basáñez, M., Perry, M., White, M. T., Garms, R., Obuobie, E., Lamberton, P. H. L., Young, S., Osei-Atweneboana, M. Y., Intsiful, J., Shen, M., Boakye, D. A., & Wilson, M. D. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 370(1665):20130559, April, 2015.
Potential effects of warmer worms and vectors on onchocerciasis transmission in West Africa [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Development times of eggs, larvae and pupae of vectors of onchocerciasis (Simulium spp.) and of Onchocerca volvulus larvae within the adult females of the vectors decrease with increasing temperature. At and above 25°C, the parasite could reach its infective stage in less than 7 days when vectors could transmit after only two gonotrophic cycles. After incorporating exponential functions for vector development into a novel blackfly population model, it was predicted that fly numbers in Liberia and Ghana would peak at air temperatures of 29°C and 34°C, about 3°C and 7°C above current monthly averages, respectively; parous rates of forest flies (Liberia) would peak at 29°C and of savannah flies (Ghana) at 30°C. Small temperature increases (less than 2°C) might lead to changes in geographical distributions of different vector taxa. When the new model was linked to an existing framework for the population dynamics of onchocerciasis in humans and vectors, transmission rates and worm loads were projected to increase with temperature to at least 33°C. By contrast, analyses of field data on forest flies in Liberia and savannah flies in Ghana, in relation to regional climate change predictions, suggested, on the basis of simple regressions, that 13–41% decreases in fly numbers would be expected between the present and before 2040. Further research is needed to reconcile these conflicting conclusions.
@article{cheke_potential_2015,
	title = {Potential effects of warmer worms and vectors on onchocerciasis transmission in {West} {Africa}},
	volume = {370},
	copyright = {. © 2015 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.},
	issn = {0962-8436, 1471-2970},
	url = {http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/370/1665/20130559},
	doi = {10.1098/rstb.2013.0559},
	abstract = {Development times of eggs, larvae and pupae of vectors of onchocerciasis (Simulium spp.) and of Onchocerca volvulus larvae within the adult females of the vectors decrease with increasing temperature. At and above 25°C, the parasite could reach its infective stage in less than 7 days when vectors could transmit after only two gonotrophic cycles. After incorporating exponential functions for vector development into a novel blackfly population model, it was predicted that fly numbers in Liberia and Ghana would peak at air temperatures of 29°C and 34°C, about 3°C and 7°C above current monthly averages, respectively; parous rates of forest flies (Liberia) would peak at 29°C and of savannah flies (Ghana) at 30°C. Small temperature increases (less than 2°C) might lead to changes in geographical distributions of different vector taxa. When the new model was linked to an existing framework for the population dynamics of onchocerciasis in humans and vectors, transmission rates and worm loads were projected to increase with temperature to at least 33°C. By contrast, analyses of field data on forest flies in Liberia and savannah flies in Ghana, in relation to regional climate change predictions, suggested, on the basis of simple regressions, that 13–41\% decreases in fly numbers would be expected between the present and before 2040. Further research is needed to reconcile these conflicting conclusions.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1665},
	urldate = {2017-12-11},
	journal = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B},
	author = {Cheke, Robert A. and Basáñez, Maria-Gloria and Perry, Malorie and White, Michael T. and Garms, Rolf and Obuobie, Emmanuel and Lamberton, Poppy H. L. and Young, Stephen and Osei-Atweneboana, Mike Y. and Intsiful, Joseph and Shen, Mingwang and Boakye, Daniel A. and Wilson, Michael D.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {25688018},
	keywords = {GA, Untagged},
	pages = {20130559},
}

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