@phdthesis{duran_vanegas_three_2023,
	type = {Thesis},
	title = {Three {Essays} in {Labor} and {Regional} {Economics}},
	url = {http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/102495},
	abstract = {This dissertation consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 uses the 1994 North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and granular data on Mexican municipalities to study
the local effects of trade liberalization on college wage premiums, housing costs, and
urban amenities between 1990 and 2010. I measure local exposure to international trade
by constructing a market access database of each municipality's lowest-cost route to the
closest US truck port. I find that municipalities facing larger trade exposure experienced:
(1) declines in local wage differences between college and non-college graduates, both in
nominal and real terms; (2) smaller increases in local urban amenities. I interpret these
results under the notion of spatial equilibrium in which non-monetary urban amenities
compensate for gaps in real wages across cities.

Chapter 2 analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor market outcomes
for men and women in Mexico. Using a large longitudinal dataset and an event-study
design, I find that the labor market effects of the pandemic differed by gender and changed
considerably over time. While men temporarily suffered from a higher probability of
unemployment, women experienced greater and more persistent declines in labor force
participation. By exploring the heterogeneity of the effects across sub-samples, I show
that these disparities in the recovery of labor participation are mainly driven by increased
childcare needs and are linked to women being over-represented in informal and part-time
jobs.

Chapter 3 investigates how gender gaps vary across space and time using census microdata
for Mexico during 1990-2010. I document that female-to-male gaps in working hours
increased on average for all municipality sizes, but this increase was disproportionately
greater in smaller compared to larger municipalities. This novel empirical pattern also
coincides with a more rapid increase in the share of services in smaller locations that initially
specialized in producing goods (primary activities and manufacturing). Motivated
by these stylized facts, I quantify the impact of industry-specific labor demand shocks
on local gender gaps in working hours and explore the heterogeneity of the effects across municipality sizes. I find that labor demand shocks in the goods industry only affect
female relative work hours in small municipalities. My results suggest that the interaction
between industry specialization across locations, industry differences in female labor
intensities, and the rise of the service economy boosted female employment in smaller
cities.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-06-02},
	school = {Trinity College Dublin. School of Social Sciences \& Philosophy. Discipline of Economics},
	author = {Duran Vanegas, Juan David},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Accepted: 2023-04-18T16:24:22Z},
	keywords = {Major Roads},
}

{"_id":"jZWpyoutXEDjrXZ6e","bibbaseid":"duranvanegas-threeessaysinlaborandregionaleconomics-2023","author_short":["Duran Vanegas, J. D."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"phdthesis","type":"Thesis","title":"Three Essays in Labor and Regional Economics","url":"http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/102495","abstract":"This dissertation consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 uses the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and granular data on Mexican municipalities to study the local effects of trade liberalization on college wage premiums, housing costs, and urban amenities between 1990 and 2010. I measure local exposure to international trade by constructing a market access database of each municipality's lowest-cost route to the closest US truck port. I find that municipalities facing larger trade exposure experienced: (1) declines in local wage differences between college and non-college graduates, both in nominal and real terms; (2) smaller increases in local urban amenities. I interpret these results under the notion of spatial equilibrium in which non-monetary urban amenities compensate for gaps in real wages across cities. Chapter 2 analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor market outcomes for men and women in Mexico. Using a large longitudinal dataset and an event-study design, I find that the labor market effects of the pandemic differed by gender and changed considerably over time. While men temporarily suffered from a higher probability of unemployment, women experienced greater and more persistent declines in labor force participation. By exploring the heterogeneity of the effects across sub-samples, I show that these disparities in the recovery of labor participation are mainly driven by increased childcare needs and are linked to women being over-represented in informal and part-time jobs. Chapter 3 investigates how gender gaps vary across space and time using census microdata for Mexico during 1990-2010. I document that female-to-male gaps in working hours increased on average for all municipality sizes, but this increase was disproportionately greater in smaller compared to larger municipalities. This novel empirical pattern also coincides with a more rapid increase in the share of services in smaller locations that initially specialized in producing goods (primary activities and manufacturing). Motivated by these stylized facts, I quantify the impact of industry-specific labor demand shocks on local gender gaps in working hours and explore the heterogeneity of the effects across municipality sizes. I find that labor demand shocks in the goods industry only affect female relative work hours in small municipalities. My results suggest that the interaction between industry specialization across locations, industry differences in female labor intensities, and the rise of the service economy boosted female employment in smaller cities.","language":"en","urldate":"2023-06-02","school":"Trinity College Dublin. School of Social Sciences & Philosophy. Discipline of Economics","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Duran","Vanegas"],"firstnames":["Juan","David"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2023","note":"Accepted: 2023-04-18T16:24:22Z","keywords":"Major Roads","bibtex":"@phdthesis{duran_vanegas_three_2023,\n\ttype = {Thesis},\n\ttitle = {Three {Essays} in {Labor} and {Regional} {Economics}},\n\turl = {http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/102495},\n\tabstract = {This dissertation consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 uses the 1994 North American\nFree Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and granular data on Mexican municipalities to study\nthe local effects of trade liberalization on college wage premiums, housing costs, and\nurban amenities between 1990 and 2010. I measure local exposure to international trade\nby constructing a market access database of each municipality's lowest-cost route to the\nclosest US truck port. I find that municipalities facing larger trade exposure experienced:\n(1) declines in local wage differences between college and non-college graduates, both in\nnominal and real terms; (2) smaller increases in local urban amenities. I interpret these\nresults under the notion of spatial equilibrium in which non-monetary urban amenities\ncompensate for gaps in real wages across cities.\n\nChapter 2 analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor market outcomes\nfor men and women in Mexico. Using a large longitudinal dataset and an event-study\ndesign, I find that the labor market effects of the pandemic differed by gender and changed\nconsiderably over time. While men temporarily suffered from a higher probability of\nunemployment, women experienced greater and more persistent declines in labor force\nparticipation. By exploring the heterogeneity of the effects across sub-samples, I show\nthat these disparities in the recovery of labor participation are mainly driven by increased\nchildcare needs and are linked to women being over-represented in informal and part-time\njobs.\n\nChapter 3 investigates how gender gaps vary across space and time using census microdata\nfor Mexico during 1990-2010. I document that female-to-male gaps in working hours\nincreased on average for all municipality sizes, but this increase was disproportionately\ngreater in smaller compared to larger municipalities. This novel empirical pattern also\ncoincides with a more rapid increase in the share of services in smaller locations that initially\nspecialized in producing goods (primary activities and manufacturing). Motivated\nby these stylized facts, I quantify the impact of industry-specific labor demand shocks\non local gender gaps in working hours and explore the heterogeneity of the effects across municipality sizes. I find that labor demand shocks in the goods industry only affect\nfemale relative work hours in small municipalities. My results suggest that the interaction\nbetween industry specialization across locations, industry differences in female labor\nintensities, and the rise of the service economy boosted female employment in smaller\ncities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-06-02},\n\tschool = {Trinity College Dublin. School of Social Sciences \\& Philosophy. Discipline of Economics},\n\tauthor = {Duran Vanegas, Juan David},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Accepted: 2023-04-18T16:24:22Z},\n\tkeywords = {Major Roads},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Duran Vanegas, J. D."],"key":"duran_vanegas_three_2023","id":"duran_vanegas_three_2023","bibbaseid":"duranvanegas-threeessaysinlaborandregionaleconomics-2023","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/102495"},"keyword":["Major Roads"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"phdthesis","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero/NAAtlas","dataSources":["wszmZbW485BrvbZff"],"keywords":["major roads"],"search_terms":["three","essays","labor","regional","economics","duran vanegas"],"title":"Three Essays in Labor and Regional Economics","year":2023}