Discounting the distant future: how much do uncertain rates increase valuations?. Newell, R. G. & Pizer, W. A. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 46(1):52–71, July, 2003.
Discounting the distant future: how much do uncertain rates increase valuations? [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
We demonstrate that when the future path of the discount rate is uncertain and highly correlated, the distant future should be discounted at significantly lower rates than suggested by the current rate. We then use two centuries of US interest rate data to quantify this effect. Using both random walk and mean-reverting models, we compute the “certainty-equivalent rate” that summarizes the effect of uncertainty and measures the appropriate forward rate of discount in the future. Under the random walk model we find that the certainty-equivalent rate falls continuously from 4% to 2% after 100 years, 1% after 200 years, and 0.5% after 300 years. At horizons of 400 years, the discounted value increases by a factor of over 40,000 relative to conventional discounting. Applied to climate change mitigation, we find that incorporating discount rate uncertainty almost doubles the expected present value of mitigation benefits.
@article{newell_discounting_2003,
	title = {Discounting the distant future: how much do uncertain rates increase valuations?},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {00950696},
	shorttitle = {Discounting the distant future},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0095069602000311},
	doi = {10.1016/S0095-0696(02)00031-1},
	abstract = {We demonstrate that when the future path of the discount rate is uncertain and highly correlated, the distant future should be discounted at significantly lower rates than suggested by the current rate. We then use two centuries of US interest rate data to quantify this effect. Using both random walk and mean-reverting models, we compute the “certainty-equivalent rate” that summarizes the effect of uncertainty and measures the appropriate forward rate of discount in the future. Under the random walk model we find that the certainty-equivalent rate falls continuously from 4\% to 2\% after 100 years, 1\% after 200 years, and 0.5\% after 300 years. At horizons of 400 years, the discounted value increases by a factor of over 40,000 relative to conventional discounting. Applied to climate change mitigation, we find that incorporating discount rate uncertainty almost doubles the expected present value of mitigation benefits.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2017-05-22},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
	author = {Newell, Richard G. and Pizer, William A.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {KR, Untagged},
	pages = {52--71},
}

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