Visual complications in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis: A population-based study. Saleh, M., Turesson, C., Englund, M., Merkel, P. A., & Mohammad, A. J. The Journal of rheumatology, 43(8):1559–1565, August, 2016.
Visual complications in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis: A population-based study. [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) with visual complications, and to evaluate the incidence rate of visual complications in GCA compared to the background population. METHODS: Data from 840 patients with GCA in the county of Skane, Sweden, diagnosed between 1997 and 2010, were used for this analysis. Cases with visual complications were identified from a diagnosis registry and confirmed by a review of medical records. The rate of visual complications in patients with GCA was compared with an age- and sex-matched reference population. RESULTS: There were 85 patients (10%) who developed \textgreater/= 1 visual complication after the onset of GCA. Of the patients, 18 (21%) developed unilateral or bilateral complete visual loss. The mean age at diagnosis was 78 years (+/- 7.3); 69% were women. Compared with patients without visual complications, those with visual complication had lower C-reactive protein levels at diagnosis and were less likely to have headache, fever, and palpable abnormal temporal artery. The use of beta-adrenergic inhibitors was associated with visual complications. The incidence of visual complications among patients with GCA was 20.9/1000 person-years of followup compared to 6.9/1000 person-years in the reference population, resulting in a rate ratio of 3.0 (95% CI 2.3-3.8). CONCLUSION: Ten percent of patients with GCA developed visual complications, a rate substantially higher than that of the general population. Patients with GCA who had visual complications had lower inflammatory responses and were more likely to have been treated with beta-adrenergic inhibitors compared with patients without visual complications.
@article{saleh_visual_2016,
	title = {Visual complications in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis: {A} population-based study.},
	volume = {43},
	issn = {0315-162X 0315-162X},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3899%2Fjrheum.151033},
	doi = {10.3899/jrheum.151033},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with  biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) with visual complications, and to evaluate the incidence rate of visual complications in GCA compared to the background population. METHODS: Data from 840 patients with GCA in the county of  Skane, Sweden, diagnosed between 1997 and 2010, were used for this analysis. Cases with visual complications were identified from a diagnosis registry and confirmed by a review of medical records. The rate of visual complications in patients with GCA was compared with an age- and sex-matched reference population. RESULTS: There were 85 patients (10\%) who developed {\textgreater}/= 1 visual complication after the onset of GCA. Of the patients, 18 (21\%) developed unilateral or bilateral complete visual loss. The mean age at diagnosis was 78 years (+/- 7.3); 69\% were women. Compared with patients without visual complications, those with visual complication had lower C-reactive protein levels at diagnosis and were less likely to have headache, fever, and palpable abnormal temporal artery. The use of beta-adrenergic inhibitors was associated with visual complications. The incidence of visual complications among patients with GCA was 20.9/1000 person-years of followup compared to 6.9/1000 person-years in the reference population, resulting in a rate ratio of 3.0 (95\% CI 2.3-3.8). CONCLUSION: Ten percent of patients with GCA developed visual complications, a rate substantially higher than that of the general population. Patients with GCA who had visual complications had lower inflammatory responses and were more likely to have been  treated with beta-adrenergic inhibitors compared with patients without visual complications.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {The Journal of rheumatology},
	author = {Saleh, Muna and Turesson, Carl and Englund, Martin and Merkel, Peter A. and Mohammad, Aladdin J.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27252424},
	keywords = {CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, GIANT CELL ARTERITIS, INFLAMMATION, RATE RATIO, VISUAL COMPLICATIONS, beta-BLOCKERS},
	pages = {1559--1565},
}
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