@article{smith_overcoming_2011,
	title = {Overcoming student resistance to group work: {Online} versus face-to-face},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {10967516},
	shorttitle = {Overcoming student resistance to group work},
	doi = {10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.09.005},
	abstract = {Abstract: This study compared student group work experiences in online (OL) versus face-to-face (f2f) sections of the same graduate course, over three years, to determine what factors influence student group work experiences and how do these factors play out in f2f versus OL environments. Surveys and student journals suggest that communication issues, personal feelings about group members and their participation play a prominent role in student perceptions about group work. Students in OL sections were more negative about group work, than were students in f2f sections. Because of OL norms of working individually and asynchronously, OL students were less satisfied with group work. Also, because of fewer channels of communication, lack of the immediacy of f2f meetings and other differences in the two learning environments, OL students were less able to resolve logistical difficulties associated with group work. [Copyright \&y\& Elsevier]
Copyright of Internet \& Higher Education is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Internet \& Higher Education},
	author = {Smith, Glenn Gordon and Sorensen, Chris and Gump, Andrew and Heindel, Allen J. and Caris, Mieke and Martinez, Christopher D.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
	note = {00021},
	keywords = {COMMUNICATION, Face-to-face, COMPUTER assisted instruction, GROUP work in research, Higher Education, INSTRUCTIONAL systems design, Internet in education, PERCEPTION, WEB-based instruction},
	pages = {121--128},
}

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Students in OL sections were more negative about group work, than were students in f2f sections. Because of OL norms of working individually and asynchronously, OL students were less satisfied with group work. Also, because of fewer channels of communication, lack of the immediacy of f2f meetings and other differences in the two learning environments, OL students were less able to resolve logistical difficulties associated with group work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] Copyright of Internet & Higher Education is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. 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