@article{
 title = {Interpreting canopy development and physiology using a European phenology camera network at flux sites},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {5995-6015},
 volume = {12},
 id = {e92befb7-16d5-3ae1-9f5d-e70a31b3fbcc},
 created = {2016-03-08T11:01:29.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5c1040db-25e3-36ea-a919-0994a44709e7},
 group_id = {c4af41cc-7e3c-3fd3-9982-bdb923596eee},
 last_modified = {2021-02-05T10:33:17.612Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Wingate2015b},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Plant phenological development is orchestrated through subtle changes in photoperiod, temperature, soil moisture and nutrient availability. Presently, the exact timing of plant development stages and their response to climate and management practices are crudely represented in land surface models. As visual observations of phenology are laborious, there is a need to supplement long-term observations with automated techniques such as those provided by digital repeat photography at high temporal and spatial resolution. We present the first synthesis from a growing observational network of digital cameras installed on towers across Europe above deciduous and evergreen forests, grasslands and croplands, where vegetation and atmosphere CO2 fluxes are measured continuously. Using colour indices from digital images and using piecewise regression analysis of time-series, we explored whether key changes in canopy phenology could be detected automatically across different land use types in the network. The piecewise regression approach could capture the start and end of the growing season, in addition to identifying striking changes in colour signals caused by flowering and management practices such as mowing. Exploring the dates of green up and senescence of deciduous forests extracted by the piecewise regression approach against dates estimated from visual observations we found that these phenological events could be detected adequately (RMSE 2 flux measurements will improve our understanding of how changes in growing season length are likely to shape the capacity of European ecosystems to sequester CO2 in the future.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Wingate, L. and Ogeé, J. and Cremonese, E. and Filippa, G. and Mizunuma, T. and Migliavacca, Mirco and Moisy, C. and Wilkinson, M. and Moureaux, C. and Wohlfahrt, G. and Hammerle, A. and Hörtnagl, L. and Gimeno, C. and Porcar-Castell, A. and Galvagno, M. and Nakaji, T. and Morison, J. and Kolle, O. and Knohl, A. and Kutsch, W. and Kolari, P. and Nikinmaa, E. and Ibrom, A. and Gielen, B. and Eugster, W. and Balzarolo, M. and Papale, D. and Klumpp, K. and Köstner, B. and Grünwald, T. and Joffre, R. and Ourcival, J. M. and Hellstrom, M. and Lindroth, A. and George, C. and Longdoz, Bernard and Genty, B. and Levula, J. and Heinesch, B. and Sprintsin, M. and Yakir, D. and Manise, T. and Guyon, D. and Ahrends, H. and Plaza-Aguilar, A. and Guan, J. H. and Grace, J.},
 doi = {10.5194/bg-12-5995-2015},
 journal = {Biogeosciences},
 number = {20},
 keywords = {FR_AUR,FR_BIL,FR_FON,FR_GRI,FR_HES,FR_LAM,FR_LQ1,FR_LUS,FR_MON,FR_MRS,FR_PUE}
}

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Exploring the dates of green up and senescence of deciduous forests extracted by the piecewise regression approach against dates estimated from visual observations we found that these phenological events could be detected adequately (RMSE 2 flux measurements will improve our understanding of how changes in growing season length are likely to shape the capacity of European ecosystems to sequester CO2 in the future.","bibtype":"article","author":"Wingate, L. and Ogeé, J. and Cremonese, E. and Filippa, G. and Mizunuma, T. and Migliavacca, Mirco and Moisy, C. and Wilkinson, M. and Moureaux, C. and Wohlfahrt, G. and Hammerle, A. and Hörtnagl, L. and Gimeno, C. and Porcar-Castell, A. and Galvagno, M. and Nakaji, T. and Morison, J. and Kolle, O. and Knohl, A. and Kutsch, W. and Kolari, P. and Nikinmaa, E. and Ibrom, A. and Gielen, B. and Eugster, W. and Balzarolo, M. and Papale, D. and Klumpp, K. and Köstner, B. and Grünwald, T. and Joffre, R. and Ourcival, J. 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