The Role of Binocular Vision in Avoiding Virtual Obstacles While Walking. Zhao, J. & Allison, R. S. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 27(7):3277-3288, 2021.
The Role of Binocular Vision in Avoiding Virtual Obstacles While Walking [pdf]Paper  The Role of Binocular Vision in Avoiding Virtual Obstacles While Walking [link]-1  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Stereopsis has been shown to aid activities related to hand-eye coordination but it is less clear that stereopsis provides advantages in locomotion activities, such as walking and running, as steady viewing is needed to let stereopsis achieve maximum precision. While previous research has shown that stereopsis also helps people to make more accurate lower limb movements, these studies were conducted in setups with limited walking distances that did not represent typical walking scenarios in our everyday life — we usually walk continuously over longer distances. Thus, it is still uncertain whether stereopsis helps people to make more accurate movements under constant motion during continuous walking. In the present study, we conducted two walking experiments in virtual environments using a linear treadmill and a novel projected display known as the Wide Immersive Stereo Environment (WISE) to study the role of stereopsis in continuous walking. The first experiment investigated the walking performance of people stepping over obstacles while the second experiment focused on a scenario on stepping over gaps. Both experiments were conducted under both stereoscopic viewing and non-stereoscopic viewing conditions. By analyzing the gait parameters, we found that stereopsis helped people to make more accurate movements to step over obstacles and gaps in continuous walking.

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