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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines for pain management: an overview of systematic reviews.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moore, R. A.; Fisher, E.; Finn, D. P.; Finnerup, N. B.; Gilron, I.; Haroutounian, S.; Krane, E.; Rice, A. S. C.; Rowbotham, M.; Wallace, M.; and Eccleston, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Pain. May 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{moore_cannabinoids_2020,\n\ttitle = {Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines for pain management: an overview of systematic reviews},\n\tissn = {1872-6623},\n\tshorttitle = {Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines for pain management},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001941},\n\tabstract = {Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines (CBM) are increasingly used to manage pain, with limited understanding of their efficacy and safety. We assessed methodological quality, scope, and results of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials of these treatments. Several search strategies sought self-declared systematic reviews. Methodological quality was assessed using both AMSTAR-2 and techniques important for bias reduction in pain studies. Of the 106 articles read, 57 were self-declared systematic reviews, most published since 2010. They included any type of cannabinoid, cannabis, or CBM, at any dose, however administered, in a broad range of pain conditions. No review examined the effects of a particular cannabinoid, at a particular dose, using a particular route of administration, for a particular pain condition, reporting a particular analgesic outcome. Confidence in the results in the systematic reviews using AMSTAR-2 definitions was critically low (41), low (8), moderate (6), or high (2). Few used criteria important for bias reduction in pain. Cochrane reviews typically provided higher confidence; all industry-conflicted reviews provided critically low confidence. Meta-analyses typically pooled widely disparate studies, and, where assessable, were subject to potential publication bias. Systematic reviews with positive or negative recommendation for use of cannabinoids, cannabis, or CBM in pain typically rated critically low or low (24/25 [96\\%] positive; 10/12 [83\\%] negative). Current reviews are mostly lacking in quality and cannot provide a basis for decision-making. A new high-quality systematic review of randomised controlled trials is needed to critically assess the clinical evidence for cannabinoids, cannabis, or CBM in pain.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Pain},\n\tauthor = {Moore, R. Andrew and Fisher, Emma and Finn, David P. and Finnerup, Nanna B. and Gilron, Ian and Haroutounian, Simon and Krane, Elliot and Rice, Andrew S. C. and Rowbotham, Michael and Wallace, Mark and Eccleston, Christopher},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {32804833},\n}\n\n\n\n Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines (CBM) are increasingly used to manage pain, with limited understanding of their efficacy and safety. We assessed methodological quality, scope, and results of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials of these treatments. Several search strategies sought self-declared systematic reviews. Methodological quality was assessed using both AMSTAR-2 and techniques important for bias reduction in pain studies. Of the 106 articles read, 57 were self-declared systematic reviews, most published since 2010. They included any type of cannabinoid, cannabis, or CBM, at any dose, however administered, in a broad range of pain conditions. No review examined the effects of a particular cannabinoid, at a particular dose, using a particular route of administration, for a particular pain condition, reporting a particular analgesic outcome. Confidence in the results in the systematic reviews using AMSTAR-2 definitions was critically low (41), low (8), moderate (6), or high (2). Few used criteria important for bias reduction in pain. Cochrane reviews typically provided higher confidence; all industry-conflicted reviews provided critically low confidence. Meta-analyses typically pooled widely disparate studies, and, where assessable, were subject to potential publication bias. Systematic reviews with positive or negative recommendation for use of cannabinoids, cannabis, or CBM in pain typically rated critically low or low (24/25 [96%] positive; 10/12 [83%] negative). Current reviews are mostly lacking in quality and cannot provide a basis for decision-making. A new high-quality systematic review of randomised controlled trials is needed to critically assess the clinical evidence for cannabinoids, cannabis, or CBM in pain.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicine for pain management: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fisher, E.; Moore, R. A.; Fogarty, A. E.; Finn, D. P.; Finnerup, N. B.; Gilron, I.; Haroutounian, S.; Krane, E.; Rice, A. S. C.; Rowbotham, M.; Wallace, M.; and Eccleston, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Pain. May 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{fisher_cannabinoids_2020,\n\ttitle = {Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicine for pain management: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials},\n\tissn = {1872-6623},\n\tshorttitle = {Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicine for pain management},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001929},\n\tabstract = {Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines (CBMs) are increasingly used to manage pain, with limited understanding of their efficacy and safety. We summarised efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of these types of drugs for treating pain using randomised controlled trials: in people of any age, with any type of pain, and for any treatment duration. Primary outcomes were 30\\% and 50\\% reduction in pain intensity, and AEs. We assessed risk of bias of included studies, and the overall quality of evidence using GRADE. Studies of {\\textless}7 and {\\textgreater}7 days treatment duration were analysed separately. We included 36 studies (7217 participants) delivering cannabinoids (8 studies), cannabis (6 studies), and CBM (22 studies); all had high and/or uncertain risk of bias. Evidence of benefit was found for cannabis {\\textless}7 days (risk difference 0.33, 95\\% confidence interval 0.20-0.46; 2 trials, 231 patients, very low-quality evidence) and nabiximols {\\textgreater}7 days (risk difference 0.06, 95\\% confidence interval 0.01-0.12; 6 trials, 1484 patients, very low-quality evidence). No other beneficial effects were found for other types of cannabinoids, cannabis, or CBM in our primary analyses; 81\\% of subgroup analyses were negative. Cannabis, nabiximols, and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol had more AEs than control. Studies in this field have unclear or high risk of bias, and outcomes had GRADE rating of low- or very low-quality evidence. We have little confidence in the estimates of effect. The evidence neither supports nor refutes claims of efficacy and safety for cannabinoids, cannabis, or CBM in the management of pain.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Pain},\n\tauthor = {Fisher, Emma and Moore, R. Andrew and Fogarty, Alexandra E. and Finn, David P. and Finnerup, Nanna B. and Gilron, Ian and Haroutounian, Simon and Krane, Elliot and Rice, Andrew S. C. and Rowbotham, Michael and Wallace, Mark and Eccleston, Christopher},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {32804836},\n}\n\n\n\n Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines (CBMs) are increasingly used to manage pain, with limited understanding of their efficacy and safety. We summarised efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of these types of drugs for treating pain using randomised controlled trials: in people of any age, with any type of pain, and for any treatment duration. Primary outcomes were 30% and 50% reduction in pain intensity, and AEs. We assessed risk of bias of included studies, and the overall quality of evidence using GRADE. Studies of \\textless7 and \\textgreater7 days treatment duration were analysed separately. We included 36 studies (7217 participants) delivering cannabinoids (8 studies), cannabis (6 studies), and CBM (22 studies); all had high and/or uncertain risk of bias. Evidence of benefit was found for cannabis \\textless7 days (risk difference 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.46; 2 trials, 231 patients, very low-quality evidence) and nabiximols \\textgreater7 days (risk difference 0.06, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.12; 6 trials, 1484 patients, very low-quality evidence). No other beneficial effects were found for other types of cannabinoids, cannabis, or CBM in our primary analyses; 81% of subgroup analyses were negative. Cannabis, nabiximols, and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol had more AEs than control. Studies in this field have unclear or high risk of bias, and outcomes had GRADE rating of low- or very low-quality evidence. We have little confidence in the estimates of effect. The evidence neither supports nor refutes claims of efficacy and safety for cannabinoids, cannabis, or CBM in the management of pain.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hyporesponsivity to mu-opioid receptor agonism in the Wistar-Kyoto rat model of altered nociceptive responding associated with negative affective state.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ferdousi, M. I.; Calcagno, P.; Clarke, M.; Aggarwal, S.; Sanchez, C.; Smith, K. L.; Eyerman, D. J.; Kelly, J. P.; Roche, M.; and Finn, D. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Pain. August 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ferdousi_hyporesponsivity_2020,\n\ttitle = {Hyporesponsivity to mu-opioid receptor agonism in the {Wistar}-{Kyoto} rat model of altered nociceptive responding associated with negative affective state},\n\tissn = {1872-6623},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002039},\n\tabstract = {Chronic pain is often comorbid with anxiety and depression, altering the level of perceived pain, which negatively affects therapeutic outcomes. The role of the endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOP) system in pain-negative affect interactions and the influence of genetic background thereon is poorly understood. The inbred Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat, which mimics aspects of anxiety and depression, displays increased sensitivity (hyperalgesia) to noxious stimuli, compared to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Here, we report that WKY rats are hyporesponsive to the antinociceptive effects of systemically administered MOP agonist morphine in the hot plate and formalin tests, compared to SD counterparts. Equivalent plasma morphine levels in the two rat strains suggested that these differences in morphine sensitivity were unlikely to be due to strain-related differences in morphine pharmacokinetics. Although MOP expression in the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG) did not differ between WKY and SD rats, the vlPAG was identified as a key locus for the hyporesponsivity to MOP agonism in WKY rats in the formalin test. Moreover, morphine-induced effects on c-Fos (a marker of neuronal activity) in regions downstream of vlPAG, namely the rostral ventromedial medulla and lumbar spinal dorsal horn, were blunted in the WKY rats. Together, these findings suggest that a deficit in MOP-induced recruitment of the descending inhibitory pain pathway may underlie hyperalgesia to noxious inflammatory pain in the WKY rat strain genetically predisposed to negative affect.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Pain},\n\tauthor = {Ferdousi, Mehnaz I. and Calcagno, Patricia and Clarke, Morgane and Aggarwal, Sonali and Sanchez, Connie and Smith, Karen L. and Eyerman, David J. and Kelly, John P. and Roche, Michelle and Finn, David P.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {32826755},\n}\n\n\n\n Chronic pain is often comorbid with anxiety and depression, altering the level of perceived pain, which negatively affects therapeutic outcomes. The role of the endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOP) system in pain-negative affect interactions and the influence of genetic background thereon is poorly understood. The inbred Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat, which mimics aspects of anxiety and depression, displays increased sensitivity (hyperalgesia) to noxious stimuli, compared to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Here, we report that WKY rats are hyporesponsive to the antinociceptive effects of systemically administered MOP agonist morphine in the hot plate and formalin tests, compared to SD counterparts. Equivalent plasma morphine levels in the two rat strains suggested that these differences in morphine sensitivity were unlikely to be due to strain-related differences in morphine pharmacokinetics. Although MOP expression in the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG) did not differ between WKY and SD rats, the vlPAG was identified as a key locus for the hyporesponsivity to MOP agonism in WKY rats in the formalin test. Moreover, morphine-induced effects on c-Fos (a marker of neuronal activity) in regions downstream of vlPAG, namely the rostral ventromedial medulla and lumbar spinal dorsal horn, were blunted in the WKY rats. Together, these findings suggest that a deficit in MOP-induced recruitment of the descending inhibitory pain pathway may underlie hyperalgesia to noxious inflammatory pain in the WKY rat strain genetically predisposed to negative affect.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Differential Role of Anterior Cingulate Cortical Glutamatergic Neurons in Pain-Related Aversion Learning and Nociceptive Behaviors in Male and Female Rats.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jarrin, S.; Pandit, A.; Roche, M.; and Finn, D. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14: 139. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{jarrin_differential_2020,\n\ttitle = {Differential {Role} of {Anterior} {Cingulate} {Cortical} {Glutamatergic} {Neurons} in {Pain}-{Related} {Aversion} {Learning} and {Nociceptive} {Behaviors} in {Male} and {Female} {Rats}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1662-5153},\n\tdoi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00139},\n\tabstract = {Pain is comprised of both sensory and affective components. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key brain region involved in the emotional processing of pain. Specifically, glutamatergic transmission within the ACC has been shown to modulate pain-related aversion. In the present study, we use in vivo optogenetics to activate or silence, using channelrhodopsin (ChR2) and archaerhodopsin (ArchT) respectively, calmodulin-kinase IIα (CaMKIIα)-expressing excitatory glutamatergic neurons of the ACC during a formalin-induced conditioned place aversion (F-CPA) behavioral paradigm in both female and male adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Expression of c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activity, was assessed within the ACC using immunohistochemistry. Optogenetic inhibition of glutamatergic neurons of the ACC abolished F-CPA without affecting formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during conditioning. In male rats, optogenetic activation of ACC glutamatergic neurons decreased formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during conditioning without affecting F-CPA. Interestingly, the opposite effect was seen in females, where optogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons of the ACC increased formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during conditioning. The abolition of F-CPA following optogenetic inhibition of glutamatergic neurons of the ACC was associated with a reduction in c-Fos immunoreactivity in the ACC in male rats, but not female rats. These results suggest that excitatory glutamatergic neurons of the ACC play differential and sex-dependent roles in the aversion learning and acute sensory components of pain.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience},\n\tauthor = {Jarrin, Sarah and Pandit, Abhay and Roche, Michelle and Finn, David P.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {32848657},\n\tpmcid = {PMC7431632},\n\tkeywords = {anterior cingulate cortex, c-Fos, conditioned place aversion, formalin, glutamate neurons, inflammatory pain, optogenetics, rat},\n\tpages = {139},\n}\n\n\n\n Pain is comprised of both sensory and affective components. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key brain region involved in the emotional processing of pain. Specifically, glutamatergic transmission within the ACC has been shown to modulate pain-related aversion. In the present study, we use in vivo optogenetics to activate or silence, using channelrhodopsin (ChR2) and archaerhodopsin (ArchT) respectively, calmodulin-kinase IIα (CaMKIIα)-expressing excitatory glutamatergic neurons of the ACC during a formalin-induced conditioned place aversion (F-CPA) behavioral paradigm in both female and male adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Expression of c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activity, was assessed within the ACC using immunohistochemistry. Optogenetic inhibition of glutamatergic neurons of the ACC abolished F-CPA without affecting formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during conditioning. In male rats, optogenetic activation of ACC glutamatergic neurons decreased formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during conditioning without affecting F-CPA. Interestingly, the opposite effect was seen in females, where optogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons of the ACC increased formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during conditioning. The abolition of F-CPA following optogenetic inhibition of glutamatergic neurons of the ACC was associated with a reduction in c-Fos immunoreactivity in the ACC in male rats, but not female rats. These results suggest that excitatory glutamatergic neurons of the ACC play differential and sex-dependent roles in the aversion learning and acute sensory components of pain.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Patients With Opioid Use Disorder Have Increased Readmission Rates, Emergency Room Visits, and Costs Following a Hallux Valgus Procedure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parrish, J. M.; Vakharia, R. M.; Benson, D. C.; Hoyt, A. K.; Jenkins, N. W.; Kaplan, J. R. M.; Rush, A. J.; Roche, M. W.; and Aiyer, A. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Foot & Ankle Specialist,1938640020950105. August 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{parrish_patients_2020,\n\ttitle = {Patients {With} {Opioid} {Use} {Disorder} {Have} {Increased} {Readmission} {Rates}, {Emergency} {Room} {Visits}, and {Costs} {Following} a {Hallux} {Valgus} {Procedure}},\n\tissn = {1938-7636},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1938640020950105},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) tend to have more complications, higher readmission rates, and increased costs following orthopaedic procedures. This study evaluated patients undergoing hallux valgus correction for their odds of increased (1) readmission rates, (2) emergency room (ER) visits, and (3) costs.\nMETHODS: Patients undergoing hallux valgus corrections with OUD history were identified using a national Medicare administrative claims database of approximately 24 million orthopaedic surgery patients. OUD patients were matched to non-opioid use disorder (NUD) patients in a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, Elixhauser-Comorbidity Index (ECI), diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and tobacco use. The query yielded 6318 patients (OUD = 1276; NUD = 5042) who underwent a hallux valgus correction. Primary outcomes analyzed included odds of 90-day readmission rates, 30-day ER visits, and 90-day episode-of-care costs. Demographics, odds ratios (ORs), ECI, and cost were assessed as appropriate using a Pearson χ2 test, logistic regression, and a t test. A P value {\\textless}.05 was considered statistically significant.\nRESULTS: There were no significant differences in demographics between OUD and NUD patients. OUD patients had higher incidence and odds of 90-day readmission (9.56\\% vs 6.04\\%; OR = 1.55; P {\\textless} .001) and 30-day ER visits (0.86\\% vs 0.35\\%; OR = 2.42; P = .021) and incurred greater 90-day episode-of-care costs (\\$7208.28 vs \\$6134.75; P {\\textless} .001) compared with NUD patient controls.\nCONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the possible influence of OUD on higher odds of readmission, ER visits, and costs following a hallux valgus correction.\nLEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Level III: Retrospective cohort study.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Foot \\& Ankle Specialist},\n\tauthor = {Parrish, James M. and Vakharia, Rushabh M. and Benson, Dillon C. and Hoyt, Aaron K. and Jenkins, Nathaniel W. and Kaplan, Jonathan R. M. and Rush, Augustus J. and Roche, Martin W. and Aiyer, Amiethab A.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {32857596},\n\tkeywords = {hallux abducto valgus, hospital practice, medical-legal issues in pain management, pain management, reconstructive foot and ankle surgery},\n\tpages = {1938640020950105},\n}\n\n\n\n BACKGROUND: Patients with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) tend to have more complications, higher readmission rates, and increased costs following orthopaedic procedures. This study evaluated patients undergoing hallux valgus correction for their odds of increased (1) readmission rates, (2) emergency room (ER) visits, and (3) costs. METHODS: Patients undergoing hallux valgus corrections with OUD history were identified using a national Medicare administrative claims database of approximately 24 million orthopaedic surgery patients. OUD patients were matched to non-opioid use disorder (NUD) patients in a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, Elixhauser-Comorbidity Index (ECI), diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and tobacco use. The query yielded 6318 patients (OUD = 1276; NUD = 5042) who underwent a hallux valgus correction. Primary outcomes analyzed included odds of 90-day readmission rates, 30-day ER visits, and 90-day episode-of-care costs. Demographics, odds ratios (ORs), ECI, and cost were assessed as appropriate using a Pearson χ2 test, logistic regression, and a t test. A P value \\textless.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in demographics between OUD and NUD patients. OUD patients had higher incidence and odds of 90-day readmission (9.56% vs 6.04%; OR = 1.55; P \\textless .001) and 30-day ER visits (0.86% vs 0.35%; OR = 2.42; P = .021) and incurred greater 90-day episode-of-care costs ($7208.28 vs $6134.75; P \\textless .001) compared with NUD patient controls. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the possible influence of OUD on higher odds of readmission, ER visits, and costs following a hallux valgus correction. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Level III: Retrospective cohort study.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Maternal presence or absence alters nociceptive responding and cortical anandamide levels in juvenile female rats.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n O'Sullivan, G.; Humphrey, R. M.; Thornton, A. M.; Kerr, D. M.; McGuire, B. E.; Caes, L.; and Roche, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Behavioural Brain Research, 392: 112712. May 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{osullivan_maternal_2020,\n\ttitle = {Maternal presence or absence alters nociceptive responding and cortical anandamide levels in juvenile female rats},\n\tvolume = {392},\n\tissn = {1872-7549},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112712},\n\tabstract = {The influence of parental support on child pain experiences is well recognised. Accordingly, animal studies have revealed both short- and long-term effects of early life stress on nociceptive responding and neural substrates such as endocannabinoids. The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in mediating and modulating stress, social interaction, and nociception. This study examined the effects of maternal support or acute isolation on nociceptive responding of female rats to a range of stimuli during the juvenile pre-adolescent period and accompanying changes in the endocannabinoid system. The data revealed that juvenile female Sprague Dawley rats (PND21-24) isolated from the dam for 1 h prior to nociceptive testing exhibited increased latency to withdraw in the hot plate test and increased mechanical withdrawal threshold in the Von Frey test, compared to rats tested in the presence of the dam. Furthermore, isolated rats exhibited reduced latency to respond in the acetone drop test and enhanced nociceptive responding in the formalin test when compared to dam-paired counterparts. Anandamide, but not 2-AG, levels were reduced in the prefrontal cortex of dam-paired, but not isolated, juvenile rats following nociceptive testing. There was no change in the expression of CB1, FAAH or MAGL; however, CB2 receptor expression was reduced in both dam-paired and isolated rats following nociceptive testing. Taken together the data demonstrate that brief social isolation or the presence of the dam modulates nociceptive responding of juvenile rat pups in a modality specific manner, and suggest a possible role for the endocannabinoid system in the prefrontal cortex in sociobehavioural pain responses during early life.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Behavioural Brain Research},\n\tauthor = {O'Sullivan, Grace and Humphrey, Rachel M. and Thornton, Aoife M. and Kerr, Daniel M. and McGuire, Brian E. and Caes, Line and Roche, Michelle},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {32479851},\n\tkeywords = {Cannabinoid, Juvenile, Maternal presence, Nociception, Social isolation},\n\tpages = {112712},\n}\n\n\n\n The influence of parental support on child pain experiences is well recognised. Accordingly, animal studies have revealed both short- and long-term effects of early life stress on nociceptive responding and neural substrates such as endocannabinoids. The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in mediating and modulating stress, social interaction, and nociception. This study examined the effects of maternal support or acute isolation on nociceptive responding of female rats to a range of stimuli during the juvenile pre-adolescent period and accompanying changes in the endocannabinoid system. The data revealed that juvenile female Sprague Dawley rats (PND21-24) isolated from the dam for 1 h prior to nociceptive testing exhibited increased latency to withdraw in the hot plate test and increased mechanical withdrawal threshold in the Von Frey test, compared to rats tested in the presence of the dam. Furthermore, isolated rats exhibited reduced latency to respond in the acetone drop test and enhanced nociceptive responding in the formalin test when compared to dam-paired counterparts. Anandamide, but not 2-AG, levels were reduced in the prefrontal cortex of dam-paired, but not isolated, juvenile rats following nociceptive testing. There was no change in the expression of CB1, FAAH or MAGL; however, CB2 receptor expression was reduced in both dam-paired and isolated rats following nociceptive testing. Taken together the data demonstrate that brief social isolation or the presence of the dam modulates nociceptive responding of juvenile rat pups in a modality specific manner, and suggest a possible role for the endocannabinoid system in the prefrontal cortex in sociobehavioural pain responses during early life.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Adverse early life experiences are associated with changes in pressure and cold pain sensitivity in young adults.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Caes, L.; and Roche, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Palliative Medicine. June 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{caes_adverse_2020,\n\ttitle = {Adverse early life experiences are associated with changes in pressure and cold pain sensitivity in young adults},\n\tissn = {2224-5839},\n\tdoi = {10.21037/apm-20-914},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Palliative Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Caes, Line and Roche, Michelle},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {32527132},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Peripheral deficiency and antiallodynic effects of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in a mouse model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thomas, A.; Okine, B. N.; Finn, D. P.; and Masocha, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie, 129: 110456. June 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{thomas_peripheral_2020,\n\ttitle = {Peripheral deficiency and antiallodynic effects of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in a mouse model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain},\n\tvolume = {129},\n\tissn = {1950-6007},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110456},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Modulation of the endocannabinoid system has been shown to alleviate neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate if treatment with paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent that induces neuropathic pain, affects endocannabinoid levels at a time when mice develop paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia. We also evaluated the peripheral antiallodynic activity of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) and an inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), an enzyme responsible for 2-AG hydrolysis.\nMETHODS: Female BALB/c mice were treated intraperitoneally with paclitaxel to induce mechanical allodynia. Levels of the endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA), 2-AG, and the N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which are structurally-related to AEA, in the brain, spinal cord and paw skin were measured using LC-MS/MS. Protein expression of MAGL in the paw skin was measured using Wes™. The effects of subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 2-AG and JZL184 (a MAGL inhibitor) into the right hind paw of mice with paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia were assessed using the dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. The effects of pretreatment, s.c., into the right hind paw, with cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist AM251 and CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 on the antiallodynic effects of 2-AG were also evaluated.\nRESULTS: The levels of 2-AG were reduced only in the paw skin of paclitaxel-treated mice, whilst the levels of AEA, PEA and OEA were not significantly altered. There was no change in the expression of MAGL in the paw skin. Administration of 2-AG and JZL184 produced antiallodynic effects against paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia in the injected right paw, but did not affect the uninjected left paw. The antiallodynic activity of 2-AG was antagonized by both AM251 and AM630.\nCONCLUSION: These results indicate that during paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia there is a deficiency of 2-AG in the periphery, but not in the CNS. Increasing 2-AG in the paw by local administration of 2-AG or a MAGL inhibitor, alleviates mechanical allodynia in a CB1 and CB2 receptor-dependent manner.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Biomedicine \\& Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine \\& Pharmacotherapie},\n\tauthor = {Thomas, Amal and Okine, Bright N. and Finn, David P. and Masocha, Willias},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {32603895},\n\tkeywords = {2-Arachidonoyl glycerol, Allodynia, Cannabinoid receptors, Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, Endocannabinoid, Monoacylglycerol lipase},\n\tpages = {110456},\n}\n\n\n\n BACKGROUND: Modulation of the endocannabinoid system has been shown to alleviate neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate if treatment with paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent that induces neuropathic pain, affects endocannabinoid levels at a time when mice develop paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia. We also evaluated the peripheral antiallodynic activity of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) and an inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), an enzyme responsible for 2-AG hydrolysis. METHODS: Female BALB/c mice were treated intraperitoneally with paclitaxel to induce mechanical allodynia. Levels of the endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA), 2-AG, and the N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which are structurally-related to AEA, in the brain, spinal cord and paw skin were measured using LC-MS/MS. Protein expression of MAGL in the paw skin was measured using Wes™. The effects of subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 2-AG and JZL184 (a MAGL inhibitor) into the right hind paw of mice with paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia were assessed using the dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. The effects of pretreatment, s.c., into the right hind paw, with cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist AM251 and CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 on the antiallodynic effects of 2-AG were also evaluated. RESULTS: The levels of 2-AG were reduced only in the paw skin of paclitaxel-treated mice, whilst the levels of AEA, PEA and OEA were not significantly altered. There was no change in the expression of MAGL in the paw skin. Administration of 2-AG and JZL184 produced antiallodynic effects against paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia in the injected right paw, but did not affect the uninjected left paw. The antiallodynic activity of 2-AG was antagonized by both AM251 and AM630. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that during paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia there is a deficiency of 2-AG in the periphery, but not in the CNS. Increasing 2-AG in the paw by local administration of 2-AG or a MAGL inhibitor, alleviates mechanical allodynia in a CB1 and CB2 receptor-dependent manner.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Challenges in pain assessment and management among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Barney, C. C.; Andersen, R. D.; Defrin, R.; Genik, L. M.; McGuire, B. E.; and Symons, F. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PAIN Reports, 5(4): e821. August 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n![\"Challenges](\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t "\\"Paper\\"\n\t")
Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{barney_challenges_2020,\n\ttitle = {Challenges in pain assessment and management among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2471-2531},\n\turl = {https://journals.lww.com/painrpts/Fulltext/2020/08000/Challenges_in_pain_assessment_and_management_among.1.aspx},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/PR9.0000000000000822},\n\tabstract = {Introduction: \n Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) include conditions associated with physical, learning, language, behavioural, and/or intellectual impairment. Pain is a common and debilitating secondary condition compromising functional abilities and quality of life.\n Objectives: \n This article addresses scientific and clinical challenges in pain assessment and management in individuals with severe IDD.\n Methods: \n This Clinical Update aligns with the 2019 IASP Global Year Against Pain in the Vulnerable and selectively reviews recurring issues as well as the best available evidence and practice.\n Results: \n The past decade of pain research has involved the development of standardized assessment tools appropriate for individuals with severe IDD; however, there is little empirical evidence that pain is being better assessed or managed clinically. There is limited evidence available to inform effective pain management practices; therefore, treatment approaches are largely empiric and highly variable. This is problematic because individuals with IDD are at risk of developing drug-related side effects, and treatment approaches effective for other populations may exacerbate pain in IDD populations. Scientifically, we are especially challenged by biases in self-reported and proxy-reported pain scores, identifying valid outcome measures for treatment trials, being able to adequately power studies due to small sample sizes, and our inability to easily explore the underlying pain mechanisms due to compromised ability to self-report.\n Conclusion: \n Despite the critical challenges, new developments in research and knowledge translation activities in pain and IDD continue to emerge, and there are ongoing international collaborations.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-06-23},\n\tjournal = {PAIN Reports},\n\tauthor = {Barney, Chantel C. and Andersen, Randi D. and Defrin, Ruth and Genik, Lara M. and McGuire, Brian E. and Symons, Frank J.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {e821},\n}\n\n\n\n Introduction: Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) include conditions associated with physical, learning, language, behavioural, and/or intellectual impairment. Pain is a common and debilitating secondary condition compromising functional abilities and quality of life. Objectives: This article addresses scientific and clinical challenges in pain assessment and management in individuals with severe IDD. Methods: This Clinical Update aligns with the 2019 IASP Global Year Against Pain in the Vulnerable and selectively reviews recurring issues as well as the best available evidence and practice. Results: The past decade of pain research has involved the development of standardized assessment tools appropriate for individuals with severe IDD; however, there is little empirical evidence that pain is being better assessed or managed clinically. There is limited evidence available to inform effective pain management practices; therefore, treatment approaches are largely empiric and highly variable. This is problematic because individuals with IDD are at risk of developing drug-related side effects, and treatment approaches effective for other populations may exacerbate pain in IDD populations. Scientifically, we are especially challenged by biases in self-reported and proxy-reported pain scores, identifying valid outcome measures for treatment trials, being able to adequately power studies due to small sample sizes, and our inability to easily explore the underlying pain mechanisms due to compromised ability to self-report. Conclusion: Despite the critical challenges, new developments in research and knowledge translation activities in pain and IDD continue to emerge, and there are ongoing international collaborations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Pharmacological Blockade of PPAR Isoforms Increases Conditioned Fear Responding in the Presence of Nociceptive Tone.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gaspar, J. C.; Okine, B. N.; Llorente-Berzal, A.; Roche, M.; and Finn, D. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Molecules, 25(4): 1007. February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gaspar_pharmacological_2020,\n\ttitle = {Pharmacological {Blockade} of {PPAR} {Isoforms} {Increases} {Conditioned} {Fear} {Responding} in the {Presence} of {Nociceptive} {Tone}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {1420-3049},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/4/1007},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/molecules25041007},\n\tabstract = {Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors with three isoforms (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ) and can regulate pain, anxiety, and cognition. However, their role in conditioned fear and pain-fear interactions has not yet been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of systemically administered PPAR antagonists on formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour, fear-conditioned analgesia (FCA), and conditioned fear in the presence of nociceptive tone in rats. Twenty-three and a half hours following fear conditioning to context, male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intraplantar injection of formalin and intraperitoneal administration of vehicle, PPARα (GW6471), PPARβ/δ (GSK0660) or PPARγ (GW9662) antagonists, and 30 min later were re-exposed to the conditioning arena for 15 min. The PPAR antagonists did not alter nociceptive behaviour or fear-conditioned analgesia. The PPARα and PPARβ/δ antagonists prolonged context-induced freezing in the presence of nociceptive tone without affecting its initial expression. The PPARγ antagonist potentiated freezing over the entire trial. In conclusion, pharmacological blockade of PPARα and PPARβ/δ in the presence of formalin-evoked nociceptive tone, impaired short-term, within-trial fear-extinction in rats without affecting pain response, while blockade of PPARγ potentiated conditioned fear responding. These results suggest that endogenous signalling through these three PPAR isoforms may reduce the expression of conditioned fear in the presence of nociceptive tone.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-03-23},\n\tjournal = {Molecules},\n\tauthor = {Gaspar, Jessica C. and Okine, Bright N. and Llorente-Berzal, Alvaro and Roche, Michelle and Finn, David P.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {1007},\n}\n\n\n\n Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors with three isoforms (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ) and can regulate pain, anxiety, and cognition. However, their role in conditioned fear and pain-fear interactions has not yet been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of systemically administered PPAR antagonists on formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour, fear-conditioned analgesia (FCA), and conditioned fear in the presence of nociceptive tone in rats. Twenty-three and a half hours following fear conditioning to context, male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intraplantar injection of formalin and intraperitoneal administration of vehicle, PPARα (GW6471), PPARβ/δ (GSK0660) or PPARγ (GW9662) antagonists, and 30 min later were re-exposed to the conditioning arena for 15 min. The PPAR antagonists did not alter nociceptive behaviour or fear-conditioned analgesia. The PPARα and PPARβ/δ antagonists prolonged context-induced freezing in the presence of nociceptive tone without affecting its initial expression. The PPARγ antagonist potentiated freezing over the entire trial. In conclusion, pharmacological blockade of PPARα and PPARβ/δ in the presence of formalin-evoked nociceptive tone, impaired short-term, within-trial fear-extinction in rats without affecting pain response, while blockade of PPARγ potentiated conditioned fear responding. These results suggest that endogenous signalling through these three PPAR isoforms may reduce the expression of conditioned fear in the presence of nociceptive tone.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Investigating the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention versus a waiting list control condition on pain interference and quality of life in adults with chronic pain and multimorbidity: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slattery, B. W.; O’Connor, L. L.; Haugh, S.; Barrett, K.; Francis, K.; Dwyer, C. P.; O’Higgins, S.; Caes, L.; Egan, J.; and McGuire, B. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BMJ Open, 9(5): e012671. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{slattery_investigating_2019,\n\ttitle = {Investigating the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy ({ACT}) intervention versus a waiting list control condition on pain interference and quality of life in adults with chronic pain and multimorbidity: protocol for a randomised controlled trial},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tcopyright = {© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.},\n\tissn = {2044-6055, 2044-6055},\n\tshorttitle = {Investigating the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy ({ACT}) intervention versus a waiting list control condition on pain interference and quality of life in adults with chronic pain and multimorbidity},\n\turl = {https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/5/e012671},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012671},\n\tabstract = {Introduction Multimorbidity refers to the presence of two or more chronic health conditions within one person, where no one condition is primary. Research suggests that multimorbidity is highly correlated with chronic pain, which is pain lasting longer than 3 months. Psychotherapeutic interventions for people living with chronic illness have resulted in reduced symptom reporting and improved psychological well-being. There is a dearth of research, however, using online psychotherapy for people living with multimorbidity where chronic pain is a central condition. This study will compare the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention with a waiting list control condition in terms of improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and reducing levels of pain interference in people with chronic pain and at least one other condition.\nMethods and analysis 192 adult participants with non-malignant pain that persists for at least 3 months and at least one other medically diagnosed condition will be randomised to one of two study conditions. The experimental group will undergo an eight-session internet-delivered ACT programme over an 8-week period. A waiting list group will be offered the ACT intervention after the 3-month follow-up period. HRQoL and pain interference will act as the primary outcomes. Data will be analysed using a linear mixed model and adjusted to account for demographic and clinical variables as necessary. A Study Within a Trial will be incorporated to examine the effect on recruitment and retention of showing participants an animated educational video.\nEthics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the National University of Ireland, Galway. Dissemination of results will be via peer reviewed journal articles and conference presentations.\nTrial registration number ISRCTN22343024.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2019-05-14},\n\tjournal = {BMJ Open},\n\tauthor = {Slattery, Brian W. and O’Connor, Laura L. and Haugh, Stephanie and Barrett, Katie and Francis, Kady and Dwyer, Christopher P. and O’Higgins, Siobhan and Caes, Line and Egan, Jonathan and McGuire, Brian E.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpmid = {31076466},\n\tkeywords = {acceptance and commitment therapy, chronic pain, multimorbidity, online intervention},\n\tpages = {e012671},\n}\n\n\n\n Introduction Multimorbidity refers to the presence of two or more chronic health conditions within one person, where no one condition is primary. Research suggests that multimorbidity is highly correlated with chronic pain, which is pain lasting longer than 3 months. Psychotherapeutic interventions for people living with chronic illness have resulted in reduced symptom reporting and improved psychological well-being. There is a dearth of research, however, using online psychotherapy for people living with multimorbidity where chronic pain is a central condition. This study will compare the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention with a waiting list control condition in terms of improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and reducing levels of pain interference in people with chronic pain and at least one other condition. Methods and analysis 192 adult participants with non-malignant pain that persists for at least 3 months and at least one other medically diagnosed condition will be randomised to one of two study conditions. The experimental group will undergo an eight-session internet-delivered ACT programme over an 8-week period. A waiting list group will be offered the ACT intervention after the 3-month follow-up period. HRQoL and pain interference will act as the primary outcomes. Data will be analysed using a linear mixed model and adjusted to account for demographic and clinical variables as necessary. A Study Within a Trial will be incorporated to examine the effect on recruitment and retention of showing participants an animated educational video. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the National University of Ireland, Galway. Dissemination of results will be via peer reviewed journal articles and conference presentations. Trial registration number ISRCTN22343024.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Modalities Used to Deliver Electronic Health Interventions for Chronic Pain: Systematic Review With Network Meta-Analysis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slattery, B. W.; Haugh, S.; O'Connor, L.; Francis, K.; Dwyer, C. P.; O'Higgins, S.; Egan, J.; and McGuire, B. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(7): e11086. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{slattery_evaluation_2019,\n\ttitle = {An {Evaluation} of the {Effectiveness} of the {Modalities} {Used} to {Deliver} {Electronic} {Health} {Interventions} for {Chronic} {Pain}: {Systematic} {Review} {With} {Network} {Meta}-{Analysis}},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tcopyright = {Unless stated otherwise, all articles are open-access distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work (},\n\tshorttitle = {An {Evaluation} of the {Effectiveness} of the {Modalities} {Used} to {Deliver} {Electronic} {Health} {Interventions} for {Chronic} {Pain}},\n\turl = {https://www.jmir.org/2019/7/e11086/},\n\tdoi = {10.2196/11086},\n\tabstract = {Background: Electronic health (eHealth) is the use of information and communication technology in the context of health care and health research. Recently, there has been a rise in the number of eHealth modalities and the frequency with which they are used to deliver technology-assisted self-management interventions for people living with chronic pain. However, there has been little or no research directly comparing these eHealth modalities. Objective: The aim of this systematic review with a network meta-analysis (NMA) is to compare the effectiveness of eHealth modalities in the context of chronic pain. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (N{\\textgreater}20 per arm) that investigated interventions for adults with chronic pain, delivered via an eHealth modality, were included. Included studies were categorized into their primary node of delivery. Data were extracted on the primary outcome, pain interference, and secondary outcomes, pain severity, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life. Pairwise meta-analyses were undertaken where possible, and an NMA was conducted to generate indirect comparisons and rankings of modalities for reducing pain interference. Results: The search returned 18,470 studies with 18,349 being excluded (duplicates=2310; title and abstract=16,039). Of the remaining papers, 30 studies with 5394 randomized participants were included in the review. Rankings tentatively indicated that modern eHealth modalities are the most effective, with a 43\\% chance that mobile apps delivered the most effective interventions, followed by a 34\\% chance that interventions delivered via virtual reality were the most effective. Conclusions: This systematic review with an NMA generated comparisons between eHealth modalities previously not compared to determine which delivered the most effective interventions for the reduction of pain interference in chronic pain patients. There are limitations with this review, in particular, the underrepresented nature of some eHealth modalities included in the analysis. However, in the event that the review is regularly updated, a clear ranking of eHealth modalities for the reduction of pain interference will emerge. [J Med Internet Res 2019;21(7):e11086]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2019-07-17},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},\n\tauthor = {Slattery, Brian W. and Haugh, Stephanie and O'Connor, Laura and Francis, Kady and Dwyer, Christopher P. and O'Higgins, Siobhán and Egan, Jonathan and McGuire, Brian E.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {e11086},\n}\n\n\n\n Background: Electronic health (eHealth) is the use of information and communication technology in the context of health care and health research. Recently, there has been a rise in the number of eHealth modalities and the frequency with which they are used to deliver technology-assisted self-management interventions for people living with chronic pain. However, there has been little or no research directly comparing these eHealth modalities. Objective: The aim of this systematic review with a network meta-analysis (NMA) is to compare the effectiveness of eHealth modalities in the context of chronic pain. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (N\\textgreater20 per arm) that investigated interventions for adults with chronic pain, delivered via an eHealth modality, were included. Included studies were categorized into their primary node of delivery. Data were extracted on the primary outcome, pain interference, and secondary outcomes, pain severity, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life. Pairwise meta-analyses were undertaken where possible, and an NMA was conducted to generate indirect comparisons and rankings of modalities for reducing pain interference. Results: The search returned 18,470 studies with 18,349 being excluded (duplicates=2310; title and abstract=16,039). Of the remaining papers, 30 studies with 5394 randomized participants were included in the review. Rankings tentatively indicated that modern eHealth modalities are the most effective, with a 43% chance that mobile apps delivered the most effective interventions, followed by a 34% chance that interventions delivered via virtual reality were the most effective. Conclusions: This systematic review with an NMA generated comparisons between eHealth modalities previously not compared to determine which delivered the most effective interventions for the reduction of pain interference in chronic pain patients. There are limitations with this review, in particular, the underrepresented nature of some eHealth modalities included in the analysis. However, in the event that the review is regularly updated, a clear ranking of eHealth modalities for the reduction of pain interference will emerge. [J Med Internet Res 2019;21(7):e11086]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n New Technology for Total Knee Arthroplasty Provides Excellent Patient-Reported Outcomes: A Minimum Two-Year Analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Malkani, A. L.; Roche, M. W.; Kolisek, F. R.; Gustke, K. A.; Hozack, W. J.; Sodhi, N.; Acuña, A.; Vakharia, R.; Salem, H. S.; Jaggard, C.; Smith, L.; and Mont, M. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Surgical Technology International, 36. November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{malkani_new_2019,\n\ttitle = {New {Technology} for {Total} {Knee} {Arthroplasty} {Provides} {Excellent} {Patient}-{Reported} {Outcomes}: {A} {Minimum} {Two}-{Year} {Analysis}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tissn = {1090-3941},\n\tshorttitle = {New {Technology} for {Total} {Knee} {Arthroplasty} {Provides} {Excellent} {Patient}-{Reported} {Outcomes}},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty has been demonstrated to help increase various patient-reported, clinical, and surgical outcome metrics (PROMs). However, the current literature is limited regarding PROMs data for longer follow-up periods beyond one year. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to 1) report multicenter patient-reported outcomes with multiple metrics, as well as 2) postoperative surgeon-specific outcomes at a minimum two-year follow-up.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS: Five fellowship-trained, high-volume surgeons performed a total of 188 total knee arthroplasty surgeries using the enhanced preoperative planning and real-time intraoperative feedback of a robotic-assisted device. Patients from all surgeons followed similar postoperative rehabilitation beginning on postoperative day one. Patients were evaluated based on the Short Form-12 Questionnaire (SF-12), the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and Knee Society total and subscores (KSS). The SF-12 was subdivided into two components: mental composite score (MCS) and physical composite score (PCS). The KSS was subdivided into functional and knee scores. Additionally, surgical outcomes from the latest follow-up visit were evaluated. All patients were evaluated at a minimum of two years follow-up time.\nRESULTS: All patients reported excellent postoperative outcomes for all three PROMs. The mean postoperative SF-12 MCS and PCS scores were both 57 points, with 50 as the threshold for norm-based scoring (MCS range: 42 to 69 points; PCS range: 41 to 68 points). The mean FJS was 75 points (range: 14 to 100 points). The mean KSS functional score was 84 points (range: 20 to 100) while the mean Knee Score was 92 points (range: 40 to 100). Similarly, we found that the aseptic revision rates were low (n=2, 1.06\\%, one for unexplained pain, and another for a post-traumatic tibial fracture) with few other postoperative complications (n=7 patients [3.7\\%]) in our cohort.\nCONCLUSION: Our analysis found that patients had excellent outcomes across multiple PROM metrics. Future work can build on these results with large patient populations over longer follow-up intervals. Nevertheless, these results provide the foundation and evidence to support the continued use of this innovative technology for total knee arthroplasties.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Surgical Technology International},\n\tauthor = {Malkani, Arthur L. and Roche, Martin W. and Kolisek, Frank R. and Gustke, Kenneth A. and Hozack, William J. and Sodhi, Nipun and Acuña, Alexander and Vakharia, Rushabh and Salem, Hytham S. and Jaggard, Charles and Smith, Langan and Mont, Michael A.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpmid = {31732961},\n\tkeywords = {Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Knee Joint, Knee Prosthesis, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Range of Motion, Articular, Treatment Outcome},\n}\n\n\n\n INTRODUCTION: Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty has been demonstrated to help increase various patient-reported, clinical, and surgical outcome metrics (PROMs). However, the current literature is limited regarding PROMs data for longer follow-up periods beyond one year. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to 1) report multicenter patient-reported outcomes with multiple metrics, as well as 2) postoperative surgeon-specific outcomes at a minimum two-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five fellowship-trained, high-volume surgeons performed a total of 188 total knee arthroplasty surgeries using the enhanced preoperative planning and real-time intraoperative feedback of a robotic-assisted device. Patients from all surgeons followed similar postoperative rehabilitation beginning on postoperative day one. Patients were evaluated based on the Short Form-12 Questionnaire (SF-12), the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and Knee Society total and subscores (KSS). The SF-12 was subdivided into two components: mental composite score (MCS) and physical composite score (PCS). The KSS was subdivided into functional and knee scores. Additionally, surgical outcomes from the latest follow-up visit were evaluated. All patients were evaluated at a minimum of two years follow-up time. RESULTS: All patients reported excellent postoperative outcomes for all three PROMs. The mean postoperative SF-12 MCS and PCS scores were both 57 points, with 50 as the threshold for norm-based scoring (MCS range: 42 to 69 points; PCS range: 41 to 68 points). The mean FJS was 75 points (range: 14 to 100 points). The mean KSS functional score was 84 points (range: 20 to 100) while the mean Knee Score was 92 points (range: 40 to 100). Similarly, we found that the aseptic revision rates were low (n=2, 1.06%, one for unexplained pain, and another for a post-traumatic tibial fracture) with few other postoperative complications (n=7 patients [3.7%]) in our cohort. CONCLUSION: Our analysis found that patients had excellent outcomes across multiple PROM metrics. Future work can build on these results with large patient populations over longer follow-up intervals. Nevertheless, these results provide the foundation and evidence to support the continued use of this innovative technology for total knee arthroplasties.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Optogenetics and its application in pain and anxiety research.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jarrin, S.; and Finn, D. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 105: 200–211. August 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{jarrin_optogenetics_2019,\n\ttitle = {Optogenetics and its application in pain and anxiety research},\n\tvolume = {105},\n\tissn = {1873-7528},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.007},\n\tabstract = {Chronic pain and anxiety can be debilitating disorders and are often comorbid. There is significant overlap in the neural circuitry of pain and anxiety. Current treatments for these disorders are often ineffective and have negative side-effects, making further research into pain and anxiety circuitry crucial. The technique of optogenetics is propelling the possibilities for functional neuroanatomical research. With the use of light-activated proteins called opsins, optogenetics enables the switching on or off of a selective population of neurons, with precise temporal control. This manuscript reviews recent research that has employed optogenetic methodology to advance understanding of the neural circuitry of pain and anxiety and identify novel approaches for their improved treatment.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews},\n\tauthor = {Jarrin, Sarah and Finn, David P.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpmid = {31421140},\n\tkeywords = {Animals, Anxiety, Nerve Net, Neuromodulation, Nociception, Optogenetics, Pain},\n\tpages = {200--211},\n}\n\n\n\n Chronic pain and anxiety can be debilitating disorders and are often comorbid. There is significant overlap in the neural circuitry of pain and anxiety. Current treatments for these disorders are often ineffective and have negative side-effects, making further research into pain and anxiety circuitry crucial. The technique of optogenetics is propelling the possibilities for functional neuroanatomical research. With the use of light-activated proteins called opsins, optogenetics enables the switching on or off of a selective population of neurons, with precise temporal control. This manuscript reviews recent research that has employed optogenetic methodology to advance understanding of the neural circuitry of pain and anxiety and identify novel approaches for their improved treatment.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Child and Family Adaptation to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-A Systematic Review of the Role of Resilience Resources and Mechanisms.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hynes, L.; Saetes, S.; McGuire, B.; and Caes, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Psychology, 10: 2445. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{hynes_child_2019,\n\ttitle = {Child and {Family} {Adaptation} to {Juvenile} {Idiopathic} {Arthritis}-{A} {Systematic} {Review} of the {Role} of {Resilience} {Resources} and {Mechanisms}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1664-1078},\n\tdoi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02445},\n\tabstract = {Background: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in childhood, with chronic pain being a main symptom. JIA symptoms can lead to substantial disability in children and their families. While preliminary evidence reveals the potential beneficial role of resilience in dealing with chronic pain, research on the role of resilience in how families of a child with JIA cope with pain-related symptoms is scant and dispersed. Objectives: Using the framework of the Ecological Resilience-Risk Model, this review aims to identify (1) family characteristics that are associated with both risk and resilience in children with JIA and (2) the contribution of individual and parental resilience mechanisms and resources to resilience outcomes in children with JIA and their families. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, Psycharticles, and PsycINFO were systematically searched. Longitudinal, cross-sectional, and treatment studies written in English with a focus on resilience resources and/or mechanisms in families of a child (6-18 years) with JIA were included. The original search (July 2016) produced 415 articles, with a final sample of 6 articles remaining after screening. An updated search (July 2018) did not identify new articles, but identified one extra article through personal communications. The 7 articles were included in a narrative review and study quality was assessed. Results: Limited research was available on the role of family characteristics, with just one study revealing how family dysfunction is related to reduced child resilience. Studies evaluating the role of individual resilience mechanisms and resources most commonly assessed resilience outcomes in terms of recovery and sustainability outcomes, such as health-related quality of life (HRQL) and functional disability. The findings revealed that children's psychological flexibility, self-efficacy, adherence, pain acceptance, and perceived social support contribute to resilience outcomes. Findings were inconclusive for the influence of coping strategies, such as seeking social support. Conclusions: While our knowledge is growing, a better understanding of how familial and individual resilience resources and mechanisms influence adjustment to chronic pain as part of JIA is needed and can stimulate development of targeted interventions to enhance outcomes for children with JIA.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Psychology},\n\tauthor = {Hynes, Lisa and Saetes, Sophia and McGuire, Brian and Caes, Line},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpmid = {31749744},\n\tpmcid = {PMC6848885},\n\tkeywords = {children, chronic pain, family, juvenile Idiopathic arthritis, resilience},\n\tpages = {2445},\n}\n\n\n\n Background: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in childhood, with chronic pain being a main symptom. JIA symptoms can lead to substantial disability in children and their families. While preliminary evidence reveals the potential beneficial role of resilience in dealing with chronic pain, research on the role of resilience in how families of a child with JIA cope with pain-related symptoms is scant and dispersed. Objectives: Using the framework of the Ecological Resilience-Risk Model, this review aims to identify (1) family characteristics that are associated with both risk and resilience in children with JIA and (2) the contribution of individual and parental resilience mechanisms and resources to resilience outcomes in children with JIA and their families. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, Psycharticles, and PsycINFO were systematically searched. Longitudinal, cross-sectional, and treatment studies written in English with a focus on resilience resources and/or mechanisms in families of a child (6-18 years) with JIA were included. The original search (July 2016) produced 415 articles, with a final sample of 6 articles remaining after screening. An updated search (July 2018) did not identify new articles, but identified one extra article through personal communications. The 7 articles were included in a narrative review and study quality was assessed. Results: Limited research was available on the role of family characteristics, with just one study revealing how family dysfunction is related to reduced child resilience. Studies evaluating the role of individual resilience mechanisms and resources most commonly assessed resilience outcomes in terms of recovery and sustainability outcomes, such as health-related quality of life (HRQL) and functional disability. The findings revealed that children's psychological flexibility, self-efficacy, adherence, pain acceptance, and perceived social support contribute to resilience outcomes. Findings were inconclusive for the influence of coping strategies, such as seeking social support. Conclusions: While our knowledge is growing, a better understanding of how familial and individual resilience resources and mechanisms influence adjustment to chronic pain as part of JIA is needed and can stimulate development of targeted interventions to enhance outcomes for children with JIA.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicine for pain management: a protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fisher, E.; Eccleston, C.; Degenhardt, L.; Finn, D. P.; Finnerup, N. B.; Gilron, I.; Haroutounian, S.; Krane, E.; Rice, A. S. C.; Rowbotham, M.; Wallace, M.; and Moore, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PAIN Reports, Latest Articles. April 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{fisher_cannabinoids_2019,\n\ttitle = {Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicine for pain management: a protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and a systematic review of randomised controlled trials},\n\tvolume = {Latest Articles},\n\tissn = {2471-2531},\n\tshorttitle = {Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicine for pain management},\n\turl = {https://journals.lww.com/painrpts/Abstract/latest/Cannabinoids,_cannabis,_and_cannabis_based.99859.aspx},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/PR9.0000000000000741},\n\tabstract = {Pain is an experience that affects many people worldwide and is associated with higher mortality and lower quality of life. Cannabinoid, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines (CBMs) are thought to reduce pain, but a proliferation of different products has led to variability in trials, creating a challenge when determining the assessment of efficacy in systematic reviews. We will conduct 2 systematic reviews commissioned by the International Association for the Study of Pain Task Force on the use of cannabinoids, cannabis, and CBMs for pain management: first, an overview review of systematic reviews to summarise the evidence base and second, a systematic review of randomised controlled trials of cannabinoids, cannabis, and CBMs. In these reviews we will determine the harm and benefit of CBM from the current literature and will interpret the findings in light of the quality of evidence and reviews included. We will search online databases and registries in any language for systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials. We will include studies that evaluate any cannabinoid or CBM vs any control for people with acute and chronic pain. Our primary outcomes for both reviews are the number of participants achieving (1) a 30\\% and (2) 50\\% reduction in pain intensity, (3) moderate improvement, and (4) substantial improvement. A number of secondary outcome measures will also be included. We will assess risk of bias and quality of evidence. We will analyse data using fixed and random effect models, with separate comparators for cannabis and CBMs. Prospero ID (CRD42019124710; CRD42019124714).\n This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2019-05-14},\n\tjournal = {PAIN Reports},\n\tauthor = {Fisher, Emma and Eccleston, Christopher and Degenhardt, Louisa and Finn, David P. and Finnerup, Nanna B. and Gilron, Ian and Haroutounian, Simon and Krane, Elliot and Rice, Andrew S. C. and Rowbotham, Michael and Wallace, Mark and Moore, R. Andrew},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Cannabinoids, Cannabis, Meta-analysis, Overview, Pain, Protocol, Systematic review},\n}\n\n\n\n Pain is an experience that affects many people worldwide and is associated with higher mortality and lower quality of life. Cannabinoid, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines (CBMs) are thought to reduce pain, but a proliferation of different products has led to variability in trials, creating a challenge when determining the assessment of efficacy in systematic reviews. We will conduct 2 systematic reviews commissioned by the International Association for the Study of Pain Task Force on the use of cannabinoids, cannabis, and CBMs for pain management: first, an overview review of systematic reviews to summarise the evidence base and second, a systematic review of randomised controlled trials of cannabinoids, cannabis, and CBMs. In these reviews we will determine the harm and benefit of CBM from the current literature and will interpret the findings in light of the quality of evidence and reviews included. We will search online databases and registries in any language for systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials. We will include studies that evaluate any cannabinoid or CBM vs any control for people with acute and chronic pain. Our primary outcomes for both reviews are the number of participants achieving (1) a 30% and (2) 50% reduction in pain intensity, (3) moderate improvement, and (4) substantial improvement. A number of secondary outcome measures will also be included. We will assess risk of bias and quality of evidence. We will analyse data using fixed and random effect models, with separate comparators for cannabis and CBMs. Prospero ID (CRD42019124710; CRD42019124714). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in which cannabinoids were tested for antinociceptive effects in animal models of pathological or injury-related persistent pain:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Soliman, N.; Hohmann, A. G.; Haroutounian, S.; Wever, K.; Rice, A. S.; and Finn, D. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PAIN Reports, 4(4): e766. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{soliman_protocol_2019,\n\ttitle = {A protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in which cannabinoids were tested for antinociceptive effects in animal models of pathological or injury-related persistent pain:},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {2471-2531},\n\tshorttitle = {A protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in which cannabinoids were tested for antinociceptive effects in animal models of pathological or injury-related persistent pain},\n\turl = {http://Insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=01938936-201908000-00006},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/PR9.0000000000000766},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2019-08-13},\n\tjournal = {PAIN Reports},\n\tauthor = {Soliman, Nadia and Hohmann, Andrea G. and Haroutounian, Simon and Wever, Kimberley and Rice, Andrew S.C. and Finn, David P.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Animal models, Cannabinoids, Cannabis, Endocannabinoid system modulators, Pain, Systematic review},\n\tpages = {e766},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Endocannabinoid modulation of inflammatory hyperalgesia in the IFN-α mouse model of depression.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fitzgibbon, M.; Kerr, D. M.; Henry, R. J.; Finn, D. P.; and Roche, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{fitzgibbon_endocannabinoid_2019,\n\ttitle = {Endocannabinoid modulation of inflammatory hyperalgesia in the {IFN}-α mouse model of depression},\n\tissn = {1090-2139},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.006},\n\tabstract = {Depression is a well-recognised effect of long-term treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-α), a widely used treatment for chronic viral hepatitis and malignancy. In addition to the emotional disturbances, high incidences of painful symptoms such as headache and joint pain have also been reported following IFN-α treatment. The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in emotional and nociceptive processing, however it is unknown whether repeated IFN-α administration induces alterations in this system. The present study investigated nociceptive responding in the IFN-α-induced mouse model of depression and associated changes in the endocannabinoid system. Furthermore, the effects of modulating peripheral endocannabinoid tone on inflammatory pain-related behaviour in the IFN-α model was examined. Repeated IFN-α administration (8000 IU/g/day) to male C57/Bl6 mice increased immobility in the forced swim test and reduced sucrose preference, without altering body weight gain or locomotor activity, confirming development of the depressive-like phenotype. There was no effect of repeated IFN-α administration on latency to respond in the hot plate test on day 4 or 7 of treatment, however, formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour was significantly increased in IFN-α treated mice following 8 days of IFN-α administration. 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) levels in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and rostroventromedial medulla (RVM), and anandamide (AEA) levels in the RVM, were significantly increased in IFN-α-, but not saline-, treated mice following formalin administration. There was no change in endocannabinoid levels in the prefrontal cortex, spinal cord or paw tissue between saline- or IFNα-treated mice in the presence or absence of formalin. Furthermore, repeated IFN-α and/or formalin administration did not alter mRNA expression of genes encoding the endocannabinoid catabolic enzymes (fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase) or endocannabinoid receptor targets (CB1, CB2 or PPARs) in the brain, spinal cord or paw tissue. Intra plantar administration of PF3845 (1 μg/10 μl) or MJN110 (1 μg/10 μl), inhibitors of AEA and 2-AG catabolism respectively, attenuated formalin-evoked hyperalgesia in IFN-α, but not saline-, treated mice. In summary, increasing peripheral endocannabinoid tone attenuates inflammatory hyperalgesia induced following repeated IFN-α administration. These data provide support for the endocannabinoid system in mediating and modulating heightened pain responding associated with IFNα-induced depression.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity},\n\tauthor = {Fitzgibbon, Marie and Kerr, Daniel M. and Henry, Rebecca J. and Finn, David P. and Roche, Michelle},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpmid = {31505257},\n\tkeywords = {2-AG, Anandamide, Anhedonia, CB(1) receptor, FAAH, Forced swim test, Formalin test, Inflammation-induced depression, MAGL},\n}\n\n\n\n Depression is a well-recognised effect of long-term treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-α), a widely used treatment for chronic viral hepatitis and malignancy. In addition to the emotional disturbances, high incidences of painful symptoms such as headache and joint pain have also been reported following IFN-α treatment. The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in emotional and nociceptive processing, however it is unknown whether repeated IFN-α administration induces alterations in this system. The present study investigated nociceptive responding in the IFN-α-induced mouse model of depression and associated changes in the endocannabinoid system. Furthermore, the effects of modulating peripheral endocannabinoid tone on inflammatory pain-related behaviour in the IFN-α model was examined. Repeated IFN-α administration (8000 IU/g/day) to male C57/Bl6 mice increased immobility in the forced swim test and reduced sucrose preference, without altering body weight gain or locomotor activity, confirming development of the depressive-like phenotype. There was no effect of repeated IFN-α administration on latency to respond in the hot plate test on day 4 or 7 of treatment, however, formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour was significantly increased in IFN-α treated mice following 8 days of IFN-α administration. 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) levels in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and rostroventromedial medulla (RVM), and anandamide (AEA) levels in the RVM, were significantly increased in IFN-α-, but not saline-, treated mice following formalin administration. There was no change in endocannabinoid levels in the prefrontal cortex, spinal cord or paw tissue between saline- or IFNα-treated mice in the presence or absence of formalin. Furthermore, repeated IFN-α and/or formalin administration did not alter mRNA expression of genes encoding the endocannabinoid catabolic enzymes (fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase) or endocannabinoid receptor targets (CB1, CB2 or PPARs) in the brain, spinal cord or paw tissue. Intra plantar administration of PF3845 (1 μg/10 μl) or MJN110 (1 μg/10 μl), inhibitors of AEA and 2-AG catabolism respectively, attenuated formalin-evoked hyperalgesia in IFN-α, but not saline-, treated mice. In summary, increasing peripheral endocannabinoid tone attenuates inflammatory hyperalgesia induced following repeated IFN-α administration. These data provide support for the endocannabinoid system in mediating and modulating heightened pain responding associated with IFNα-induced depression.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Transversus Thoracis Muscle Plane Block.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fujii, S.; Bairagi, R.; Roche, M.; and Zhou, J. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BioMed Research International, 2019: 1716365. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{fujii_transversus_2019,\n\ttitle = {Transversus {Thoracis} {Muscle} {Plane} {Block}},\n\tvolume = {2019},\n\tissn = {2314-6141},\n\tdoi = {10.1155/2019/1716365},\n\tabstract = {The transversus thoracis muscle plane block (TTP) block is a newly developed regional anesthesia technique which provides analgesia to the anterior chest wall. Since its introduction, this technique has been utilized for a wide range of surgical procedures as well as nonsurgical indications. Current evidence suggests that the TTP block provides effective analgesia for breast and cardiac surgeries, cardiac device implantation, pericardiocentesis, and acute and chronic pain management. To date, no major complications have been reported. Currently there is an urgent need to standardize the nomenclature of this technique to facilitate accurate communication amongst care providers, researchers, and authors. In this review, we describe the TTP block technique, review the indications and available evidence in clinical practice, and discuss alternative blocks and future prospects.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {BioMed Research International},\n\tauthor = {Fujii, Satoru and Bairagi, Ranjana and Roche, Matthew and Zhou, Jian Ray},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpmid = {31360703},\n\tpmcid = {PMC6642770},\n\tpages = {1716365},\n}\n\n\n\n The transversus thoracis muscle plane block (TTP) block is a newly developed regional anesthesia technique which provides analgesia to the anterior chest wall. Since its introduction, this technique has been utilized for a wide range of surgical procedures as well as nonsurgical indications. Current evidence suggests that the TTP block provides effective analgesia for breast and cardiac surgeries, cardiac device implantation, pericardiocentesis, and acute and chronic pain management. To date, no major complications have been reported. Currently there is an urgent need to standardize the nomenclature of this technique to facilitate accurate communication amongst care providers, researchers, and authors. In this review, we describe the TTP block technique, review the indications and available evidence in clinical practice, and discuss alternative blocks and future prospects.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effectiveness of interdisciplinary interventions in paediatric chronic pain management: a systematic review and subset meta-analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Liossi, C.; Johnstone, L.; Lilley, S.; Caes, L.; Williams, G.; and Schoth, D. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n British Journal of Anaesthesia, 123(2): e359–e371. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{liossi_effectiveness_2019,\n\ttitle = {Effectiveness of interdisciplinary interventions in paediatric chronic pain management: a systematic review and subset meta-analysis},\n\tvolume = {123},\n\tissn = {1471-6771},\n\tshorttitle = {Effectiveness of interdisciplinary interventions in paediatric chronic pain management},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.bja.2019.01.024},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Paediatric chronic pain is a significant problem that can have devastating impacts on quality of life. Multimodal interdisciplinary interventions are the mainstay of paediatric treatment. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of interdisciplinary interventions in the management of paediatric chronic pain.\nMETHODS: Studies were identified via a search of nine databases. The search strategy included concept blocks pertaining to type of pain, study population, and type of intervention. Eligible studies reported the effects of an intervention co-ordinated by two or more healthcare professionals of different disciplines, and recruited a sample aged 22 yr or below with chronic pain. Twenty-eight studies were included, and 21 provided data for inclusion in between- and within-groups meta-analyses.\nRESULTS: Patients randomised to interdisciplinary interventions reported significantly lower pain intensity 0-1 month post-intervention compared with patients randomised to the control groups. Within-groups analysis of patients receiving interdisciplinary interventions showed significant improvements pre- to post-intervention in pain intensity, functional disability, anxiety, depression, catastrophising, school attendance, school functioning, and pain acceptance. Few differences were found between interventions delivered in inpatient vs outpatient settings. Significant heterogeneity due mainly to differing outcome variables and intervention content was found in most analyses.\nCONCLUSIONS: Overall, interdisciplinary interventions show promise in providing a range of clinical benefits for children with chronic pain. Methodologically robust randomised controlled trials using standardised outcome measures are needed, however, to guide clinical care.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {British Journal of Anaesthesia},\n\tauthor = {Liossi, Christina and Johnstone, Lauren and Lilley, Suzanne and Caes, Line and Williams, Glyn and Schoth, Daniel Eric},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpmid = {30916012},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Anxiety, Child, Chronic Pain, Humans, Quality of Life, Young Adult, chronic pain, interdisciplinary pain clinic, meta-analysis, multimodal analgesia, paediatrics, systematic review},\n\tpages = {e359--e371},\n}\n\n\n\n BACKGROUND: Paediatric chronic pain is a significant problem that can have devastating impacts on quality of life. Multimodal interdisciplinary interventions are the mainstay of paediatric treatment. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of interdisciplinary interventions in the management of paediatric chronic pain. METHODS: Studies were identified via a search of nine databases. The search strategy included concept blocks pertaining to type of pain, study population, and type of intervention. Eligible studies reported the effects of an intervention co-ordinated by two or more healthcare professionals of different disciplines, and recruited a sample aged 22 yr or below with chronic pain. Twenty-eight studies were included, and 21 provided data for inclusion in between- and within-groups meta-analyses. RESULTS: Patients randomised to interdisciplinary interventions reported significantly lower pain intensity 0-1 month post-intervention compared with patients randomised to the control groups. Within-groups analysis of patients receiving interdisciplinary interventions showed significant improvements pre- to post-intervention in pain intensity, functional disability, anxiety, depression, catastrophising, school attendance, school functioning, and pain acceptance. Few differences were found between interventions delivered in inpatient vs outpatient settings. Significant heterogeneity due mainly to differing outcome variables and intervention content was found in most analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, interdisciplinary interventions show promise in providing a range of clinical benefits for children with chronic pain. Methodologically robust randomised controlled trials using standardised outcome measures are needed, however, to guide clinical care.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Pain and quality of life in youth with inflammatory bowel disease: the role of parent and youth perspectives on family functioning.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Caes, L.; Chambers, C. T.; Otley, A.; and Stinson, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Pain Reports, 4(2): e715. April 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{caes_pain_2019,\n\ttitle = {Pain and quality of life in youth with inflammatory bowel disease: the role of parent and youth perspectives on family functioning},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {2471-2531},\n\tshorttitle = {Pain and quality of life in youth with inflammatory bowel disease},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/PR9.0000000000000715},\n\tabstract = {Introduction: Daily pain experiences are a common feature of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which can negatively influence their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A holistic, family systems approach is needed to further our understanding of daily pain experiences in youth with IBD and their influence on youth's HRQOL.\nObjectives: The study's objectives were to (1) provide a detailed description of daily pain experiences in youth with IBD, (2) investigate the relative contribution of family functioning and pain in explaining youth's HRQOL, and (3) explore differences in parental and youth perspectives.\nMethods: Sixty youth with IBD (8-17 years) and a parent completed questionnaires to assess family functioning, HRQOL, and pain experiences within the past week. A subsample of 16 youth completed an online diary (7 days) about their pain experiences.\nResults: When including any pain experiences, higher youth-reported family satisfaction and lower pain intensity were related to better HRQOL, whereas higher parent-reported family cohesion and satisfaction indirectly related to youth HRQOL through lower pain intensity. When only accounting for abdominal pain, pain intensity related negatively with HRQOL, and only parent-reported cohesion showed an indirect relation with HRQOL through pain intensity. Diary data revealed large heterogeneity: abdominal pain, described as cramping, sharp, and/or stinging was most frequent, but other pain symptoms (eg, back pain and headache) often co-occurred.\nConclusion: The findings provide a rich picture of the daily pain experiences of youth with IBD and underscore the importance of a family systems approach to understand how family functioning and pain symptoms influence HRQOL.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Pain Reports},\n\tauthor = {Caes, Line and Chambers, Christine T. and Otley, Anthony and Stinson, Jennifer},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpmid = {31041418},\n\tpmcid = {PMC6455693},\n\tkeywords = {Family cohesion, Family functioning, Family satisfaction, Health-related quality of life, Inflammatory bowel disease, Multiple perspectives, Pain},\n\tpages = {e715},\n}\n\n\n\n Introduction: Daily pain experiences are a common feature of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which can negatively influence their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A holistic, family systems approach is needed to further our understanding of daily pain experiences in youth with IBD and their influence on youth's HRQOL. Objectives: The study's objectives were to (1) provide a detailed description of daily pain experiences in youth with IBD, (2) investigate the relative contribution of family functioning and pain in explaining youth's HRQOL, and (3) explore differences in parental and youth perspectives. Methods: Sixty youth with IBD (8-17 years) and a parent completed questionnaires to assess family functioning, HRQOL, and pain experiences within the past week. A subsample of 16 youth completed an online diary (7 days) about their pain experiences. Results: When including any pain experiences, higher youth-reported family satisfaction and lower pain intensity were related to better HRQOL, whereas higher parent-reported family cohesion and satisfaction indirectly related to youth HRQOL through lower pain intensity. When only accounting for abdominal pain, pain intensity related negatively with HRQOL, and only parent-reported cohesion showed an indirect relation with HRQOL through pain intensity. Diary data revealed large heterogeneity: abdominal pain, described as cramping, sharp, and/or stinging was most frequent, but other pain symptoms (eg, back pain and headache) often co-occurred. Conclusion: The findings provide a rich picture of the daily pain experiences of youth with IBD and underscore the importance of a family systems approach to understand how family functioning and pain symptoms influence HRQOL.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A nationwide comparative analysis of medical complications in fibromyalgia patients following total knee arthroplasty.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moore, T.; Sodhi, N.; Kalsi, A.; Vakharia, R. M.; Ehiorobo, J. O.; Anis, H. K.; Dushaj, K.; Papas, V.; Scuderi, G.; Nelson, S.; Roche, M. W.; and Mont, M. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Translational Medicine, 7(4): 64. February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{moore_nationwide_2019,\n\ttitle = {A nationwide comparative analysis of medical complications in fibromyalgia patients following total knee arthroplasty},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {2305-5839},\n\tdoi = {10.21037/atm.2018.12.60},\n\tabstract = {Background: Fibromyalgia is a disease primarily characterized by chronic widespread pain and associated symptoms of fatigue, mild cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbance. The condition affects 1\\% to 6\\% of the general population in the United States and is more commonly diagnosed in women (2:1 ratio). There is evidence to suggest that fibromyalgia patients may be more at risk of postoperative complications. The rate of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) performed worldwide is escalating and thus it is expected that the proportion of fibromyalgia patients under orthopaedic care will increase accordingly. However, the literature on TKA outcomes in this subpopulation is limited. We assessed whether fibromyalgia patients have a higher likelihood of developing medical complications compared to a matched cohort of non-fibromyalgia patients following TKA. Specifically, we assessed the likelihood of developing (I) any medical complication and (II) specific medical complications.\nMethods: Using the Medicare Standard Analytical Files of the PearlDiver supercomputer, patients who underwent a TKA between 2005 and 2014 were queried. Propensity score matching was used to match patients with and without fibromyalgia in a 1:1 ratio based on age, sex, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). A total cohort of 305,510 patients (female =242,198; male =59,810; and unknown =3,502) with (n=152,755) and without fibromyalgia (n=152,755) was identified. Statistical analyses involved the calculation of odds ratios, 95\\% confidence intervals (95\\% CI), and P values ({\\textless}0.05) were utilized to evaluate the occurrence of any and specific medical complications.\nResults: Compared to a matched cohort of non-fibromyalgia patients, fibromyalgia patients had increased odds of developing any medical complication following TKA [odds ratio (OR): 1.95, 95\\% CI: 1.86-2.04, P{\\textless}0.001]. Furthermore, compared to a matched cohort, these patients had significantly greater odds of developing urinary tract infections (OR: 2.08, 95\\% CI: 1.89-2.29, P{\\textless}0.001), acute post-hemorrhagic anemia (OR: 1.56, 95\\% CI: 1.41-1.73, P{\\textless}0.001), thoracic or lumbosacral neuritis or radiculitis (OR: 5.85, 95\\% CI: 4.82-7.10, P{\\textless}0.001), shortness of breath (OR: 3.02, 95\\% CI: 2.60-3.51, P{\\textless}0.001), other diseases of lung not elsewhere classified (OR: 2.32, 95\\% CI: 1.77-3.03, P{\\textless}0.001), other respiratory abnormalities (OR: 3.49, 95\\% CI: 2.87-4.24, P{\\textless}0.001), transfusion of packed cells (OR: 1.69, 95\\% CI: 1.36-2.10, P{\\textless}0.001), pneumonia (OR: 2.17, 95\\% CI: 1.71-2.76, P{\\textless}0.001), acute kidney failure (OR: 1.27, 95\\% CI: 1.02-1.57, P{\\textless}0.05), and neuralgia neuritis and radiculitis (OR: 5.29, 95\\% CI: 3.53-7.92, P{\\textless}0.001).\nConclusions: As the number of fibromyalgia patients under orthopaedic care is expected to rise, it is imperative that the TKA outcomes of these patients are tracked in order to provide optimal patient care. This study identified fibromyalgia as a risk factor for a number of medical complications following TKA. Orthopaedic surgeons must be aware of the potential for poor TKA outcomes among these patients and should provide them with appropriate medical care and pre-operative guidance.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Translational Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Moore, Tara and Sodhi, Nipun and Kalsi, Angad and Vakharia, Rushabh M. and Ehiorobo, Joseph O. and Anis, Hiba K. and Dushaj, Kristina and Papas, Vivian and Scuderi, Giles and Nelson, Scott and Roche, Martin W. and Mont, Michael A.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpmid = {30963059},\n\tpmcid = {PMC6409227},\n\tkeywords = {Total knee arthroplasty (TKA), fibromyalgia, medical complications, post-operative complications},\n\tpages = {64},\n}\n\n\n\n Background: Fibromyalgia is a disease primarily characterized by chronic widespread pain and associated symptoms of fatigue, mild cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbance. The condition affects 1% to 6% of the general population in the United States and is more commonly diagnosed in women (2:1 ratio). There is evidence to suggest that fibromyalgia patients may be more at risk of postoperative complications. The rate of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) performed worldwide is escalating and thus it is expected that the proportion of fibromyalgia patients under orthopaedic care will increase accordingly. However, the literature on TKA outcomes in this subpopulation is limited. We assessed whether fibromyalgia patients have a higher likelihood of developing medical complications compared to a matched cohort of non-fibromyalgia patients following TKA. Specifically, we assessed the likelihood of developing (I) any medical complication and (II) specific medical complications. Methods: Using the Medicare Standard Analytical Files of the PearlDiver supercomputer, patients who underwent a TKA between 2005 and 2014 were queried. Propensity score matching was used to match patients with and without fibromyalgia in a 1:1 ratio based on age, sex, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). A total cohort of 305,510 patients (female =242,198; male =59,810; and unknown =3,502) with (n=152,755) and without fibromyalgia (n=152,755) was identified. Statistical analyses involved the calculation of odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and P values (\\textless0.05) were utilized to evaluate the occurrence of any and specific medical complications. Results: Compared to a matched cohort of non-fibromyalgia patients, fibromyalgia patients had increased odds of developing any medical complication following TKA [odds ratio (OR): 1.95, 95% CI: 1.86-2.04, P\\textless0.001]. Furthermore, compared to a matched cohort, these patients had significantly greater odds of developing urinary tract infections (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.89-2.29, P\\textless0.001), acute post-hemorrhagic anemia (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.41-1.73, P\\textless0.001), thoracic or lumbosacral neuritis or radiculitis (OR: 5.85, 95% CI: 4.82-7.10, P\\textless0.001), shortness of breath (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 2.60-3.51, P\\textless0.001), other diseases of lung not elsewhere classified (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.77-3.03, P\\textless0.001), other respiratory abnormalities (OR: 3.49, 95% CI: 2.87-4.24, P\\textless0.001), transfusion of packed cells (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.36-2.10, P\\textless0.001), pneumonia (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.71-2.76, P\\textless0.001), acute kidney failure (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.57, P\\textless0.05), and neuralgia neuritis and radiculitis (OR: 5.29, 95% CI: 3.53-7.92, P\\textless0.001). Conclusions: As the number of fibromyalgia patients under orthopaedic care is expected to rise, it is imperative that the TKA outcomes of these patients are tracked in order to provide optimal patient care. This study identified fibromyalgia as a risk factor for a number of medical complications following TKA. Orthopaedic surgeons must be aware of the potential for poor TKA outcomes among these patients and should provide them with appropriate medical care and pre-operative guidance.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of an Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescents With Chronic Pain and Their Parents: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemani, M. K.; Kanstrup, M.; Jordan, A.; Caes, L.; and Gauntlett-Gilbert, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Pediatric Psychology. May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kemani_evaluation_2018,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of an {Intensive} {Interdisciplinary} {Pain} {Treatment} {Based} on {Acceptance} and {Commitment} {Therapy} for {Adolescents} {With} {Chronic} {Pain} and {Their} {Parents}: {A} {Nonrandomized} {Clinical} {Trial}},\n\tissn = {1465-735X},\n\tshorttitle = {Evaluation of an {Intensive} {Interdisciplinary} {Pain} {Treatment} {Based} on {Acceptance} and {Commitment} {Therapy} for {Adolescents} {With} {Chronic} {Pain} and {Their} {Parents}},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jpepsy/jsy031},\n\tabstract = {Objective: Parental factors are central in the development and maintenance of chronic pain in youths. Only a handful of studies have investigated the impact of psychological treatments for pediatric chronic pain on parental factors, and the relationships between changes in parental and adolescent factors. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of an intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) program based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for adolescents with chronic pain, on adolescent and parental variables, and the relationship between parental psychological flexibility and adolescent pain acceptance.\nMethods: Adolescents (N = 164) with chronic pain were included, with a mean age of 15.5 years, and completed the 3-week treatment with an accompanying parent (N = 164). Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze change over time (from pretreatment to 3-month follow-up) on parent (depression, health-related quality of life and parent psychological flexibility) and adolescent (physical, social and emotional functioning, and adolescent pain acceptance) variables. Additionally, linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the relationship between parent psychological flexibility and adolescent pain acceptance.\nResults: Results illustrated significant improvements over time in depressive symptoms and levels of psychological flexibility in parents. Excluding social development, adolescents improved significantly in all assessed aspects of functioning and pain acceptance. Additionally, changes in parent psychological flexibility were significantly associated with changes in adolescent pain acceptance.\nConclusions: Results indicated that treatment had positive effects for parents and adolescents, and a significant positive relationship between changes in parent psychological flexibility and adolescent pain acceptance was found.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Pediatric Psychology},\n\tauthor = {Kemani, Mike K. and Kanstrup, Marie and Jordan, Abbie and Caes, Line and Gauntlett-Gilbert, Jeremy},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {29788083},\n\tkeywords = {Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Adolescent, Chronic Pain, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Management, Parents, Treatment Outcome},\n}\n\n\n\n Objective: Parental factors are central in the development and maintenance of chronic pain in youths. Only a handful of studies have investigated the impact of psychological treatments for pediatric chronic pain on parental factors, and the relationships between changes in parental and adolescent factors. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of an intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) program based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for adolescents with chronic pain, on adolescent and parental variables, and the relationship between parental psychological flexibility and adolescent pain acceptance. Methods: Adolescents (N = 164) with chronic pain were included, with a mean age of 15.5 years, and completed the 3-week treatment with an accompanying parent (N = 164). Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze change over time (from pretreatment to 3-month follow-up) on parent (depression, health-related quality of life and parent psychological flexibility) and adolescent (physical, social and emotional functioning, and adolescent pain acceptance) variables. Additionally, linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the relationship between parent psychological flexibility and adolescent pain acceptance. Results: Results illustrated significant improvements over time in depressive symptoms and levels of psychological flexibility in parents. Excluding social development, adolescents improved significantly in all assessed aspects of functioning and pain acceptance. Additionally, changes in parent psychological flexibility were significantly associated with changes in adolescent pain acceptance. Conclusions: Results indicated that treatment had positive effects for parents and adolescents, and a significant positive relationship between changes in parent psychological flexibility and adolescent pain acceptance was found.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n FAAH, but not MAGL, inhibition modulates acute TLR3-induced neuroimmune signaling in the rat, independent of sex.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Flannery, L. E.; Henry, R. J.; Kerr, D. M.; Finn, D. P.; and Roche, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Neuroscience Research, 96(6): 989–1001. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{flannery_faah_2018,\n\ttitle = {{FAAH}, but not {MAGL}, inhibition modulates acute {TLR3}-induced neuroimmune signaling in the rat, independent of sex},\n\tvolume = {96},\n\tissn = {1097-4547},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/jnr.24120},\n\tabstract = {Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 is a key component of the innate immune response to viral infection. The present study firstly examined whether sex differences exist in TLR3-induced inflammatory, endocrine, and sickness responses. The data revealed that TLR3-induced expression of interferon- or NFkB-inducible genes (IFN-α/β, IP-10, or TNF-α), either peripherally (spleen) or centrally (hypothalamus), did not differ between male and female rats, with the exception of TLR3-induced IFN-α expression in the spleen of female, but not male, rats 8 hr post TLR3 activation. Furthermore, TLR3 activation increased plasma corticosterone levels, induced fever, and reduced locomotor activity and body weight - effects independent of sex. Thus, the acute-phase inflammatory, endocrine, and sickness responses to TLR3 activation exhibit minimal sex-related differences. A further aim of this study was to examine whether enhancing endocannabinoid tone - namely, 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) or N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), exhibited similar effects on TLR3-induced inflammatory responses in male versus female rats. Systemic administration of the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor MJN110 and subsequent increases in 2-AG levels did not alter the TLR3-induced increase in IP-10, IRF7, or TNF-α expression in the spleen or the hypothalamus of male or female rats. In contrast, the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 increased levels of AEA and related N-acylethanolamines, an effect associated with the attenuation of TLR3-induced inflammatory responses in the hypothalamus, but not the spleen, of male and female rats. These data support a role for FAAH, but not MAGL, substrates in the modulation of TLR3-induced neuroinflammatory responses, effects independent of sex.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Neuroscience Research},\n\tauthor = {Flannery, Lisa E. and Henry, Rebecca J. and Kerr, Daniel M. and Finn, David P. and Roche, Michelle},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {28726298},\n\tkeywords = {Amidohydrolases, Animals, Arachidonic Acids, Body Temperature, Carbamates, Chemokine CXCL10, Corticosterone, Endocannabinoids, Estradiol, Ethanolamines, Female, Glycerides, Immunologic Factors, Interferons, Male, Monoacylglycerol Lipases, NF-kappa B, Oleic Acids, Palmitic Acids, Poly I-C, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sex Factors, Signal Transduction, Succinimides, TLR, Toll-Like Receptor 3, cannabinoid, hypothalamus, neuroimmune, viral},\n\tpages = {989--1001},\n}\n\n\n\n Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 is a key component of the innate immune response to viral infection. The present study firstly examined whether sex differences exist in TLR3-induced inflammatory, endocrine, and sickness responses. The data revealed that TLR3-induced expression of interferon- or NFkB-inducible genes (IFN-α/β, IP-10, or TNF-α), either peripherally (spleen) or centrally (hypothalamus), did not differ between male and female rats, with the exception of TLR3-induced IFN-α expression in the spleen of female, but not male, rats 8 hr post TLR3 activation. Furthermore, TLR3 activation increased plasma corticosterone levels, induced fever, and reduced locomotor activity and body weight - effects independent of sex. Thus, the acute-phase inflammatory, endocrine, and sickness responses to TLR3 activation exhibit minimal sex-related differences. A further aim of this study was to examine whether enhancing endocannabinoid tone - namely, 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) or N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), exhibited similar effects on TLR3-induced inflammatory responses in male versus female rats. Systemic administration of the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor MJN110 and subsequent increases in 2-AG levels did not alter the TLR3-induced increase in IP-10, IRF7, or TNF-α expression in the spleen or the hypothalamus of male or female rats. In contrast, the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 increased levels of AEA and related N-acylethanolamines, an effect associated with the attenuation of TLR3-induced inflammatory responses in the hypothalamus, but not the spleen, of male and female rats. These data support a role for FAAH, but not MAGL, substrates in the modulation of TLR3-induced neuroinflammatory responses, effects independent of sex.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Interactive versus Passive Distraction and Parent Psychoeducation as Pain Management Techniques during Paediatric Venepuncture - A Randomized Controlled Trial.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Newell, A.; Keane, J.; McGuire, B. E.; Heary, C.; McDarby, V.; Dudley, B.; Moran, J.; Francis, K.; and Caes, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Clinical Journal of Pain. May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{newell_interactive_2018,\n\ttitle = {Interactive versus {Passive} {Distraction} and {Parent} {Psychoeducation} as {Pain} {Management} {Techniques} during {Paediatric} {Venepuncture} - {A} {Randomized} {Controlled} {Trial}},\n\tissn = {1536-5409},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/AJP.0000000000000628},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current research was to compare the relative efficacy of interactive and passive distraction, with or without parental psychoeducation, on child pain and distress during a venepuncture. We also compared the effect of parental psychoeducation on parental distress, knowledge of distraction strategies and engagement in distraction.\nMETHODS: This cross-sectional study included 213 children scheduled for a venepuncture, and one of their parents, who were randomly allocated to one of four conditions; interactive distraction, passive distraction, interactive distraction with parent psychoeducation and passive distraction with parent psychoeducation. ANCOVA's were used to investigate the impact of distraction type and the use of parent psychoeducation on child and parent pain related outcome variables.\nRESULTS: Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences between groups for child-reported pain and distress. The parents of children who received interactive distraction reported significantly higher levels of distress than the parents of children who received passive distraction. Parents who received parent psychoeducation had a significantly higher level of knowledge than parents who did not receive psychoeducation, but did not engage in more effective pain management behaviour.\nCONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that distraction type did not have a significantly different influence on child pain-related outcome variables. In addition, while psychoeducation was demonstrated to be effective in increasing parental knowledge, it was not sufficient to change parental behaviour.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {The Clinical Journal of Pain},\n\tauthor = {Newell, Anna and Keane, Jennifer and McGuire, Brian E. and Heary, Caroline and McDarby, Vincent and Dudley, Bernie and Moran, Josh and Francis, Kady and Caes, Line},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {29750665},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Aged, Attention, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Management, Pain, Procedural, Parents, Patient Education as Topic, Punctures, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult},\n}\n\n\n\n OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current research was to compare the relative efficacy of interactive and passive distraction, with or without parental psychoeducation, on child pain and distress during a venepuncture. We also compared the effect of parental psychoeducation on parental distress, knowledge of distraction strategies and engagement in distraction. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 213 children scheduled for a venepuncture, and one of their parents, who were randomly allocated to one of four conditions; interactive distraction, passive distraction, interactive distraction with parent psychoeducation and passive distraction with parent psychoeducation. ANCOVA's were used to investigate the impact of distraction type and the use of parent psychoeducation on child and parent pain related outcome variables. RESULTS: Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences between groups for child-reported pain and distress. The parents of children who received interactive distraction reported significantly higher levels of distress than the parents of children who received passive distraction. Parents who received parent psychoeducation had a significantly higher level of knowledge than parents who did not receive psychoeducation, but did not engage in more effective pain management behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that distraction type did not have a significantly different influence on child pain-related outcome variables. In addition, while psychoeducation was demonstrated to be effective in increasing parental knowledge, it was not sufficient to change parental behaviour.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Phantom motor execution as a treatment for phantom limb pain: protocol of an international, double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lendaro, E.; Hermansson, L.; Burger, H.; Van der Sluis, C. K.; McGuire, B. E.; Pilch, M.; Bunketorp-Käll, L.; Kulbacka-Ortiz, K.; Rignér, I.; Stockselius, A.; Gudmundson, L.; Widehammar, C.; Hill, W.; Geers, S.; and Ortiz-Catalan, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BMJ open, 8(7): e021039. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{lendaro_phantom_2018,\n\ttitle = {Phantom motor execution as a treatment for phantom limb pain: protocol of an international, double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {2044-6055},\n\tshorttitle = {Phantom motor execution as a treatment for phantom limb pain},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021039},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a chronic condition that can greatly diminish quality of life. Control over the phantom limb and exercise of such control have been hypothesised to reverse maladaptive brain changes correlated to PLP. Preliminary investigations have shown that decoding motor volition using myoelectric pattern recognition, while providing real-time feedback via virtual and augmented reality (VR-AR), facilitates phantom motor execution (PME) and reduces PLP. Here we present the study protocol for an international (seven countries), multicentre (nine clinics), double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of PME in alleviating PLP.\nMETHODS AND ANALYSIS: Sixty-seven subjects suffering from PLP in upper or lower limbs are randomly assigned to PME or phantom motor imagery (PMI) interventions. Subjects allocated to either treatment receive 15 interventions and are exposed to the same VR-AR environments using the same device. The only difference between interventions is whether phantom movements are actually performed (PME) or just imagined (PMI). Complete evaluations are conducted at baseline and at intervention completion, as well as 1, 3 and 6 months later using an intention-to-treat (ITT) approach. Changes in PLP measured using the Pain Rating Index between the first and last session are the primary measure of efficacy. Secondary outcomes include: frequency, duration, quality of pain, intrusion of pain in activities of daily living and sleep, disability associated to pain, pain self-efficacy, frequency of depressed mood, presence of catastrophising thinking, health-related quality of life and clinically significant change as patient's own impression. Follow-up interviews are conducted up to 6 months after the treatment.\nETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study is performed in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki and under approval by the governing ethical committees of each participating clinic. The results will be published according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines in a peer-reviewed journal.\nTRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03112928; Pre-results.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\tjournal = {BMJ open},\n\tauthor = {Lendaro, Eva and Hermansson, Liselotte and Burger, Helena and Van der Sluis, Corry K. and McGuire, Brian E. and Pilch, Monika and Bunketorp-Käll, Lina and Kulbacka-Ortiz, Katarzyna and Rignér, Ingrid and Stockselius, Anita and Gudmundson, Lena and Widehammar, Cathrine and Hill, Wendy and Geers, Sybille and Ortiz-Catalan, Max},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {30012784},\n\tpmcid = {PMC6082487},\n\tkeywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Chronic Pain, Double-Blind Method, Feedback, Humans, Imagery (Psychotherapy), Lower Extremity, Movement, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Pain Measurement, Phantom Limb, Quality of Life, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Sleep, Upper Extremity, Virtual Reality, clinical trials, neurological pain, rehabilitation medicine},\n\tpages = {e021039},\n}\n\n\n\n INTRODUCTION: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a chronic condition that can greatly diminish quality of life. Control over the phantom limb and exercise of such control have been hypothesised to reverse maladaptive brain changes correlated to PLP. Preliminary investigations have shown that decoding motor volition using myoelectric pattern recognition, while providing real-time feedback via virtual and augmented reality (VR-AR), facilitates phantom motor execution (PME) and reduces PLP. Here we present the study protocol for an international (seven countries), multicentre (nine clinics), double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of PME in alleviating PLP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Sixty-seven subjects suffering from PLP in upper or lower limbs are randomly assigned to PME or phantom motor imagery (PMI) interventions. Subjects allocated to either treatment receive 15 interventions and are exposed to the same VR-AR environments using the same device. The only difference between interventions is whether phantom movements are actually performed (PME) or just imagined (PMI). Complete evaluations are conducted at baseline and at intervention completion, as well as 1, 3 and 6 months later using an intention-to-treat (ITT) approach. Changes in PLP measured using the Pain Rating Index between the first and last session are the primary measure of efficacy. Secondary outcomes include: frequency, duration, quality of pain, intrusion of pain in activities of daily living and sleep, disability associated to pain, pain self-efficacy, frequency of depressed mood, presence of catastrophising thinking, health-related quality of life and clinically significant change as patient's own impression. Follow-up interviews are conducted up to 6 months after the treatment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study is performed in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki and under approval by the governing ethical committees of each participating clinic. The results will be published according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03112928; Pre-results.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Engaging use of social media as a research tool to capture the daily life experiences of young people with chronic pain.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Caes, L.; Jones, A.; and Jordan, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Evidence-Based Nursing. August 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{caes_engaging_2018,\n\ttitle = {Engaging use of social media as a research tool to capture the daily life experiences of young people with chronic pain},\n\tissn = {1468-9618},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/eb-2018-102980},\n\tabstract = {EBN engages readers through a range of online social media activities to debate issues important to nurses and nursing. EBN Opinion papers highlight and expand on these debates.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Evidence-Based Nursing},\n\tauthor = {Caes, Line and Jones, Abigail and Jordan, Abbie},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {30158175},\n\tkeywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Chronic Pain, Data Collection, Humans, Nursing Methodology Research, Social Media, Young Adult},\n}\n\n\n\n EBN engages readers through a range of online social media activities to debate issues important to nurses and nursing. EBN Opinion papers highlight and expand on these debates.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sensor-Based Soft Tissue Balancing in Total Knee Arthroplasty.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chow, J.; Law, T. Y.; and Roche, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1093: 327–334. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chow_sensor-based_2018,\n\ttitle = {Sensor-{Based} {Soft} {Tissue} {Balancing} in {Total} {Knee} {Arthroplasty}},\n\tvolume = {1093},\n\tissn = {0065-2598},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-13-1396-7_25},\n\tabstract = {Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly successful procedure with utilization expected to grow substantially over the coming decades. However, the revision burden has not concurrently improved, with over 30\\% of revisions related to technical imperfections (Mulhall KJ, Ghomrawi HM, Scully S, Callaghan JJ, Saleh KJ, Clin Orthop Relat Res 446:45, 2006; Sharkey PF, Hozack WJ, Rothman RH, Shastri S, Jacoby SM, Clin Orthop Relat Res 404:7, 2002; Wylde V, Hewlett S, Learmonth ID, Dieppe P, Pain 152(3):566, 2011). Accurate alignment and soft tissue balancing have been identified as important factors in mitigating these risks. Historically, accuracy relating to soft tissue balance has relied upon surgeon experience and subjective tactile feel. This chapter will explore the utilization of intraoperative sensors related to soft tissue balancing in total knee arthroplasty.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology},\n\tauthor = {Chow, Jimmy and Law, Tsun Yee and Roche, Martin},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {30306492},\n\tkeywords = {Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Humans, Intraoperative sensor, Knee Joint, Sensor-assisted surgery, Soft tissue balance, Surgery, Computer-Assisted, Surgical robotics, Total knee arthroplasty (TKA)},\n\tpages = {327--334},\n}\n\n\n\n Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly successful procedure with utilization expected to grow substantially over the coming decades. However, the revision burden has not concurrently improved, with over 30% of revisions related to technical imperfections (Mulhall KJ, Ghomrawi HM, Scully S, Callaghan JJ, Saleh KJ, Clin Orthop Relat Res 446:45, 2006; Sharkey PF, Hozack WJ, Rothman RH, Shastri S, Jacoby SM, Clin Orthop Relat Res 404:7, 2002; Wylde V, Hewlett S, Learmonth ID, Dieppe P, Pain 152(3):566, 2011). Accurate alignment and soft tissue balancing have been identified as important factors in mitigating these risks. Historically, accuracy relating to soft tissue balance has relied upon surgeon experience and subjective tactile feel. This chapter will explore the utilization of intraoperative sensors related to soft tissue balancing in total knee arthroplasty.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Correlates of Sexual Functioning and Relationship Satisfaction Among Men and Women Experiencing Chronic Pain.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Finn, E.; Morrison, T. G.; and McGuire, B. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 19(5): 942–954. May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{finn_correlates_2018,\n\ttitle = {Correlates of {Sexual} {Functioning} and {Relationship} {Satisfaction} {Among} {Men} and {Women} {Experiencing} {Chronic} {Pain}},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1526-4637},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/pm/pnx056},\n\tabstract = {Background: The aims of the study were to 1) examine the prevalence of sexual functioning difficulties in a chronic pain sample; 2) identify correlates of sexual functioning and relationship satisfaction utilizing pain variables (pain severity and pain interference) and psychological variables (mood, pain-related cognitions, self-efficacy, self-esteem, body-image); and 3) investigate possible sex differences in the correlates of sexual functioning and relationship satisfaction.\nMethod: Two hundred sixty-nine participants were recruited online from chronic pain organizations, websites, social media sites, and discussion forums. Those who met criteria for inclusion were presented with a variety of measures related to pain, sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction (for those in a relationship), as well as cognitive and affective variables.\nResults: Participant mean age was 37 years, and the majority were female, heterosexual, and currently in a relationship. High levels of pain severity and interference from pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, stress, and body image concerns were reported, along with low levels of self-esteem and pain self-efficacy. In addition, substantial proportions of male (43\\%) and female (48\\%) respondents had scores indicative of sexual problems. Exploratory hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, for women, age and relationship satisfaction (which were both treated as covariates) as well as depression emerged as statistically significant correlates of sexual functioning (i.e., women who were older and reported greater levels of depression and less satisfaction with their current relationship indicated poorer sexual functioning). When relationship satisfaction was the criterion measure, age and sexual functioning (again, treated as covariates) and perceived stress emerged as significant (i.e., women who were older, reported poorer sexual functioning, and reported greater perceived stress also indicated being less satisfied with their current relationship). For male participants, age emerged as the only statistically significant correlate of sexual functioning (i.e., older men reported poorer functioning). In terms of relationship satisfaction, self-esteem was the lone significant correlate variable (men who reported lower self-esteem also were less satisfied with their current relationship).\nConclusions: Some sex differences were evident in the variables that predict sexual difficulties and relationship satisfaction among those suffering from chronic pain. Of note is that when psychological variables were considered, pain-specific physical variables (e.g., pain severity and activity limitations) accounted for very little additional variance.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.)},\n\tauthor = {Finn, Erica and Morrison, Todd G. and McGuire, Brian E.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {29741742},\n\tkeywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Chronic Pain, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, Sex Factors, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult},\n\tpages = {942--954},\n}\n\n\n\n Background: The aims of the study were to 1) examine the prevalence of sexual functioning difficulties in a chronic pain sample; 2) identify correlates of sexual functioning and relationship satisfaction utilizing pain variables (pain severity and pain interference) and psychological variables (mood, pain-related cognitions, self-efficacy, self-esteem, body-image); and 3) investigate possible sex differences in the correlates of sexual functioning and relationship satisfaction. Method: Two hundred sixty-nine participants were recruited online from chronic pain organizations, websites, social media sites, and discussion forums. Those who met criteria for inclusion were presented with a variety of measures related to pain, sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction (for those in a relationship), as well as cognitive and affective variables. Results: Participant mean age was 37 years, and the majority were female, heterosexual, and currently in a relationship. High levels of pain severity and interference from pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, stress, and body image concerns were reported, along with low levels of self-esteem and pain self-efficacy. In addition, substantial proportions of male (43%) and female (48%) respondents had scores indicative of sexual problems. Exploratory hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, for women, age and relationship satisfaction (which were both treated as covariates) as well as depression emerged as statistically significant correlates of sexual functioning (i.e., women who were older and reported greater levels of depression and less satisfaction with their current relationship indicated poorer sexual functioning). When relationship satisfaction was the criterion measure, age and sexual functioning (again, treated as covariates) and perceived stress emerged as significant (i.e., women who were older, reported poorer sexual functioning, and reported greater perceived stress also indicated being less satisfied with their current relationship). For male participants, age emerged as the only statistically significant correlate of sexual functioning (i.e., older men reported poorer functioning). In terms of relationship satisfaction, self-esteem was the lone significant correlate variable (men who reported lower self-esteem also were less satisfied with their current relationship). Conclusions: Some sex differences were evident in the variables that predict sexual difficulties and relationship satisfaction among those suffering from chronic pain. Of note is that when psychological variables were considered, pain-specific physical variables (e.g., pain severity and activity limitations) accounted for very little additional variance.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Ulk4 regulates GABAergic signaling and anxiety-related behavior.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Liu, M.; Fitzgibbon, M.; Wang, Y.; Reilly, J.; Qian, X.; O'Brien, T.; Clapcote, S.; Shen, S.; and Roche, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Translational Psychiatry, 8(1): 43. February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{liu_ulk4_2018,\n\ttitle = {Ulk4 regulates {GABAergic} signaling and anxiety-related behavior},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {2158-3188},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41398-017-0091-5},\n\tabstract = {Excitation/inhibition imbalance has been proposed as a fundamental mechanism in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, in which copy number variations of the Unc-51 like kinase 4 (ULK4) gene encoding a putative Serine/Threonine kinase have been reported in approximately 1/1000 of patients suffering pleiotropic clinical conditions of schizophrenia, depression, autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay, language delay, intellectual disability, or behavioral disorder. The current study characterized behavior of heterozygous Ulk4 +/tm1a mice, demonstrating that Ulk4 +/tm1a mice displayed no schizophrenia-like behavior in acoustic startle reactivity and prepulse inhibition tests or depressive-like behavior in the Porsolt swim or tail suspension tests. However, Ulk4 +/tm1a mice exhibited an anxiety-like behavioral phenotype in several tests. Previously identified hypo-anxious (Atp1a2, Ptn, and Mdk) and hyper-anxious (Gria1, Syngap1, and Npy2r) genes were found to be dysregulated accordingly in Ulk4 mutants. Ulk4 was found to be expressed in GABAergic neurons and the Gad67+ interneurons were significantly reduced in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala of Ulk4 +/tm1a mice. Transcriptome analyses revealed a marked reduction of GABAergic neuronal subtypes, including Pvalb, Sst, Cck, Npy, and Nos3, as well as significant upregulation of GABA receptors, including Gabra1, Gabra3, Gabra4, Gabra5, and Gabrb3. This is the first evidence that Ulk4 plays a major role in regulating GABAergic signaling and anxiety-like behavior, which may have implications for the development of novel anxiolytic treatments.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Translational Psychiatry},\n\tauthor = {Liu, Min and Fitzgibbon, Marie and Wang, Yanqin and Reilly, Jamie and Qian, Xiaohong and O'Brien, Timothy and Clapcote, Steve and Shen, Sanbing and Roche, Michelle},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {29391390},\n\tkeywords = {Animals, Anxiety, Basolateral Nuclear Complex, Behavior, Animal, Disease Models, Animal, GABAergic Neurons, Gene Expression, Hippocampus, Interneurons, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Receptors, GABA, Signal Transduction},\n\tpages = {43},\n}\n\n\n\n Excitation/inhibition imbalance has been proposed as a fundamental mechanism in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, in which copy number variations of the Unc-51 like kinase 4 (ULK4) gene encoding a putative Serine/Threonine kinase have been reported in approximately 1/1000 of patients suffering pleiotropic clinical conditions of schizophrenia, depression, autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay, language delay, intellectual disability, or behavioral disorder. The current study characterized behavior of heterozygous Ulk4 +/tm1a mice, demonstrating that Ulk4 +/tm1a mice displayed no schizophrenia-like behavior in acoustic startle reactivity and prepulse inhibition tests or depressive-like behavior in the Porsolt swim or tail suspension tests. However, Ulk4 +/tm1a mice exhibited an anxiety-like behavioral phenotype in several tests. Previously identified hypo-anxious (Atp1a2, Ptn, and Mdk) and hyper-anxious (Gria1, Syngap1, and Npy2r) genes were found to be dysregulated accordingly in Ulk4 mutants. Ulk4 was found to be expressed in GABAergic neurons and the Gad67+ interneurons were significantly reduced in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala of Ulk4 +/tm1a mice. Transcriptome analyses revealed a marked reduction of GABAergic neuronal subtypes, including Pvalb, Sst, Cck, Npy, and Nos3, as well as significant upregulation of GABA receptors, including Gabra1, Gabra3, Gabra4, Gabra5, and Gabrb3. This is the first evidence that Ulk4 plays a major role in regulating GABAergic signaling and anxiety-like behavior, which may have implications for the development of novel anxiolytic treatments.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Plasma N-acylethanolamine and endocannabinoid levels in burning mouth syndrome: Potential role in disease pathogenesis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Barry, A.; O'Halloran, K. D.; McKenna, J. P.; McCreary, C.; Harhen, B.; Kerr, D. M.; Finn, D. P.; and Downer, E. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine: Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology, 47(4): 440–442. April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{barry_plasma_2018,\n\ttitle = {Plasma {N}-acylethanolamine and endocannabinoid levels in burning mouth syndrome: {Potential} role in disease pathogenesis},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {1600-0714},\n\tshorttitle = {Plasma {N}-acylethanolamine and endocannabinoid levels in burning mouth syndrome},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/jop.12692},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective was to measure endocannabinoid (eCB) ligands and non-cannabinoid N-acylethanolamine (NAE) molecules in plasma from individuals with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to determine whether plasma eCB/NAE levels correlated with pain, inflammation and depressive symptomatology in this cohort.\nSTUDY DESIGN: Plasma content of the eCBs, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), and the NAE molecules, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were assessed in healthy subjects (n = 8) and in a cohort of newly diagnosed BMS patients (n = 9) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma eCBs and NAE profiles were correlated with self-rated oral cavity pain intensities, depressive symptomatology and plasma IL-8 levels.\nRESULTS: Plasma levels of PEA, but not OEA, AEA or 2-AG, were significantly elevated in patients with BMS, when compared to plasma from healthy individuals. Plasma PEA, OEA and AEA levels correlated with depressive symptomatology.\nCONCLUSIONS: This is the first evidence to indicate that circulating eCB/NAE levels are altered in BMS.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Oral Pathology \\& Medicine: Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology},\n\tauthor = {Barry, Alison and O'Halloran, Ken D. and McKenna, Joseph P. and McCreary, Christine and Harhen, Brendan and Kerr, Daniel M. and Finn, David P. and Downer, Eric J.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {29436743},\n\tkeywords = {Burning Mouth Syndrome, Endocannabinoids, Ethanolamines, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, N-acylethanolamines, burning mouth syndrome, depression, endocannabinoids, neuropathic orofacial pain},\n\tpages = {440--442},\n}\n\n\n\n OBJECTIVE: The objective was to measure endocannabinoid (eCB) ligands and non-cannabinoid N-acylethanolamine (NAE) molecules in plasma from individuals with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to determine whether plasma eCB/NAE levels correlated with pain, inflammation and depressive symptomatology in this cohort. STUDY DESIGN: Plasma content of the eCBs, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), and the NAE molecules, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were assessed in healthy subjects (n = 8) and in a cohort of newly diagnosed BMS patients (n = 9) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma eCBs and NAE profiles were correlated with self-rated oral cavity pain intensities, depressive symptomatology and plasma IL-8 levels. RESULTS: Plasma levels of PEA, but not OEA, AEA or 2-AG, were significantly elevated in patients with BMS, when compared to plasma from healthy individuals. Plasma PEA, OEA and AEA levels correlated with depressive symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first evidence to indicate that circulating eCB/NAE levels are altered in BMS.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Incidence of Drug Abuse in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Population.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Roche, M.; Law, T. Y.; Sodhi, N.; Rosas, S.; Kurowicki, J.; Disla, S.; Wang, K.; and Mont, M. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Knee Surgery, 31(10): 928–933. November 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{roche_incidence_2018,\n\ttitle = {Incidence of {Drug} {Abuse} in {Revision} {Total} {Knee} {Arthroplasty} {Population}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {1938-2480},\n\tdoi = {10.1055/s-0038-1669915},\n\tabstract = {Substance abuse can have strong negative impacts on surgical outcomes. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of drug abuse in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. Specifically, we identified revision TKA (RTKA): (1) incidence, (2) causes, (3) time to revision, and (4) patient demographics in patients with a history of drug abuse. The Medicare database within the PearlDiver Supercomputer (Warsaw, IN) was queried to identify 2,159,221 TKAs performed between 2005 and 2012. Drug abuse was subdivided into cocaine, cannabis, opioids, sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics (SHA), amphetamines, and alcohol abusers. The effect of drug use on the incidence and cause for RTKA, time to revision, as well as patient demographics were correlated using multivariate, analysis of variance, and regression analyses. There was a significant increase in the number of primary TKAs in cocaine (p = 0.011), cannabis (p {\\textless} 0.001), opioid (p {\\textless} 0.001), SHA (p {\\textless} 0.001), amphetamine (p {\\textless} 0.001), and alcohol (p {\\textless} 0.001) users. Amphetamine users had the fastest mean time to revision (691 days, standard deviation: 679 days). At 30-, 90-day, and 6-month postoperative, cocaine had the highest proportion of patients requiring RTKA (7, 12, and 20\\%, respectively), and at 1-year alcohol abusers (38\\%, p {\\textless} 0.001). Infection was the most common cause of revision in all drug abuse/dependent cohorts. Age distributions varied significantly by group for primary TKA (p {\\textless} 0.001). Comorbidity status was similar in all RTKA patients as determined by comparison of the mean Charlson comorbidity index scores (p = 0.091). Based on these results, drug abuse patients are at increased risk for RTKA. These high-risk patients should, therefore, be appropriately risk stratified and receive comprehensive postoperative pain management.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Knee Surgery},\n\tauthor = {Roche, Martin and Law, Tsun Yee and Sodhi, Nipun and Rosas, Samuel and Kurowicki, Jennifer and Disla, Shanell and Wang, Kevin and Mont, Michael A.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {30193389},\n\tkeywords = {Aged, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Incidence, Joint Diseases, Knee Joint, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Substance-Related Disorders, United States},\n\tpages = {928--933},\n}\n\n\n Substance abuse can have strong negative impacts on surgical outcomes. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of drug abuse in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. Specifically, we identified revision TKA (RTKA): (1) incidence, (2) causes, (3) time to revision, and (4) patient demographics in patients with a history of drug abuse. The Medicare database within the PearlDiver Supercomputer (Warsaw, IN) was queried to identify 2,159,221 TKAs performed between 2005 and 2012. Drug abuse was subdivided into cocaine, cannabis, opioids, sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics (SHA), amphetamines, and alcohol abusers. The effect of drug use on the incidence and cause for RTKA, time to revision, as well as patient demographics were correlated using multivariate, analysis of variance, and regression analyses. There was a significant increase in the number of primary TKAs in cocaine (p = 0.011), cannabis (p \\textless 0.001), opioid (p \\textless 0.001), SHA (p \\textless 0.001), amphetamine (p \\textless 0.001), and alcohol (p \\textless 0.001) users. Amphetamine users had the fastest mean time to revision (691 days, standard deviation: 679 days). At 30-, 90-day, and 6-month postoperative, cocaine had the highest proportion of patients requiring RTKA (7, 12, and 20%, respectively), and at 1-year alcohol abusers (38%, p \\textless 0.001). Infection was the most common cause of revision in all drug abuse/dependent cohorts. Age distributions varied significantly by group for primary TKA (p \\textless 0.001). Comorbidity status was similar in all RTKA patients as determined by comparison of the mean Charlson comorbidity index scores (p = 0.091). Based on these results, drug abuse patients are at increased risk for RTKA. These high-risk patients should, therefore, be appropriately risk stratified and receive comprehensive postoperative pain management.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Translating e-pain research into patient care:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n McGuire, B. E.; Henderson, E. M.; and McGrath, P. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PAIN, 158(2): 190–193. February 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{mcguire_translating_2017,\n\ttitle = {Translating e-pain research into patient care:},\n\tvolume = {158},\n\tissn = {0304-3959},\n\tshorttitle = {Translating e-pain research into patient care},\n\turl = {http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00006396-201702000-00003},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000686},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2018-04-24},\n\tjournal = {PAIN},\n\tauthor = {McGuire, Brian E. and Henderson, Ellen M. and McGrath, Patrick J.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Humans, Pain, Pain Measurement, Patient Care, Psychotherapy, Telemedicine, Translating, telemedicine},\n\tpages = {190--193},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Prevalence, impact and cost of multimorbidity in a cohort of people with chronic pain in Ireland: a study protocol.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slattery, B. W.; O'Connor, L.; Haugh, S.; Dwyer, C. P.; O'Higgins, S.; Caes, L.; Egan, J.; and McGuire, B. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BMJ Open, 7(1): e012131. January 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{slattery_prevalence_2017,\n\ttitle = {Prevalence, impact and cost of multimorbidity in a cohort of people with chronic pain in {Ireland}: a study protocol},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tcopyright = {Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n\tissn = {2044-6055, 2044-6055},\n\tshorttitle = {Prevalence, impact and cost of multimorbidity in a cohort of people with chronic pain in {Ireland}},\n\turl = {http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/1/e012131},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012131},\n\tabstract = {Introduction Multimorbidity (MM) refers to the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions within one person, where no one condition is considered primary. As populations age and healthcare provision improves, MM is becoming increasingly common and poses a challenge to the single morbidity approach to illness management, usually adopted by healthcare systems. Indeed, recent research has shown that 66.2\\% of the people in primary care in Ireland are living with MM. Healthcare usage and cost is significantly associated with MM, and additional chronic conditions lead to exponential increases in service usage and financial costs, and decreases in physical and mental well-being. Certain conditions, for example, chronic pain, are highly correlated with MM. This study aims to assess the extent, profile, impact and cost of MM among Irish adults with chronic pain.\nMethods and analysis Using cluster sampling, participants aged 18 years and over will be recruited from Irish pain clinics and provided an information package and questionnaire asking them to participate in our study at three time points, 1 year apart. The questionnaire will include our specially developed checklist to assess the prevalence and impact of MM, along with validated measures of quality of life, pain, depression and anxiety, and illness perception. Economic data will also be collected, including direct and indirect costs.\nEthics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the National University of Ireland, Galway. Dissemination of results will be via journal articles and conference presentations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2017-01-19},\n\tjournal = {BMJ Open},\n\tauthor = {Slattery, Brian W. and O'Connor, Laura and Haugh, Stephanie and Dwyer, Christopher P. and O'Higgins, Siobhan and Caes, Line and Egan, Jonathan and McGuire, Brian E.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpmid = {28100560},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Checklist, Chronic Pain, Cohort Studies, Community Health Services, Female, Humans, Ireland, Male, Middle Aged, Multimorbidity, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Prevalence, Program Development, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, primary health care},\n\tpages = {e012131},\n}\n\n\n\n Introduction Multimorbidity (MM) refers to the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions within one person, where no one condition is considered primary. As populations age and healthcare provision improves, MM is becoming increasingly common and poses a challenge to the single morbidity approach to illness management, usually adopted by healthcare systems. Indeed, recent research has shown that 66.2% of the people in primary care in Ireland are living with MM. Healthcare usage and cost is significantly associated with MM, and additional chronic conditions lead to exponential increases in service usage and financial costs, and decreases in physical and mental well-being. Certain conditions, for example, chronic pain, are highly correlated with MM. This study aims to assess the extent, profile, impact and cost of MM among Irish adults with chronic pain. Methods and analysis Using cluster sampling, participants aged 18 years and over will be recruited from Irish pain clinics and provided an information package and questionnaire asking them to participate in our study at three time points, 1 year apart. The questionnaire will include our specially developed checklist to assess the prevalence and impact of MM, along with validated measures of quality of life, pain, depression and anxiety, and illness perception. Economic data will also be collected, including direct and indirect costs. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the National University of Ireland, Galway. Dissemination of results will be via journal articles and conference presentations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Strong evidence for cannabis use in chronic pain.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n March 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@misc{noauthor_strong_2017,\n\ttitle = {Strong evidence for cannabis use in chronic pain},\n\turl = {https://www.medicalindependent.ie/strong-evidence-for-cannabis-use-in-chronic-pain/},\n\tabstract = {While the Government’s decision to permit compassionate access to medical cannabis in certain cases is welcome, the reasons cited not to permit use to control chronic pain are not justified by the evidence},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2019-11-01},\n\tjournal = {Medical Independent},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n While the Government’s decision to permit compassionate access to medical cannabis in certain cases is welcome, the reasons cited not to permit use to control chronic pain are not justified by the evidence\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Development of Translational Biomarkers as a Tool for Improving the Understanding, Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Buckley, D. A.; Jennings, E. M.; Burke, N. N.; Roche, M.; McInerney, V.; Wren, J. D.; Finn, D. P.; and McHugh, P. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Molecular Neurobiology. March 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{buckley_development_2017,\n\ttitle = {The {Development} of {Translational} {Biomarkers} as a {Tool} for {Improving} the {Understanding}, {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {Chronic} {Neuropathic} {Pain}},\n\tissn = {1559-1182},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s12035-017-0492-8},\n\tabstract = {Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is one of the most significant unmet clinical needs in modern medicine. Alongside the lack of effective treatments, there is a great deficit in the availability of objective diagnostic methods to reliably facilitate an accurate diagnosis. We therefore aimed to determine the feasibility of a simple diagnostic test by analysing differentially expressed genes in the blood of patients diagnosed with CNP of the lower back and compared to healthy human controls. Refinement of microarray expression data was performed using correlation analysis with 3900 human 2-colour microarray experiments. Selected genes were analysed in the dorsal horn of Sprague-Dawley rats after L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL), using qRT-PCR and ddPCR, to determine possible associations with pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning CNP and whether they represent translational biomarkers of CNP. We found that of the 15 potential biomarkers identified, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) gene expression was upregulated in chronic neuropathic lower back pain (CNBP) (p = 0.0049) which positively correlated (R = 0.68, p = ≤0.05) with increased plasma TIMP1 levels in this group (p = 0.0433). Moreover, plasma TIMP1 was also significantly upregulated in CNBP than chronic inflammatory lower back pain (p = 0.0272). In the SNL model, upregulation of the Timp1 gene was also observed (p = 0.0058) alongside a strong trend for the upregulation of melanocortin 1 receptor (p = 0.0847). Our data therefore highlights several genes that warrant further investigation, and of these, TIMP1 shows the greatest potential as an accessible and translational CNP biomarker.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Molecular Neurobiology},\n\tauthor = {Buckley, David A. and Jennings, Elaine M. and Burke, Nikita N. and Roche, Michelle and McInerney, Veronica and Wren, Jonathan D. and Finn, David P. and McHugh, Patrick C.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpmid = {28361271},\n\tkeywords = {Animals, Back Pain, Back pain, Biomarker, Chronic Pain, Dorsal horn, Genetic Markers, Humans, Inflammatory pain, Low Back Pain, Male, Neuralgia, Neuropathic pain, Plasma, Posterior Horn Cells, Protein Biosynthesis, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1, Treatment Outcome, neuropathic pain},\n}\n\n\n\n Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is one of the most significant unmet clinical needs in modern medicine. Alongside the lack of effective treatments, there is a great deficit in the availability of objective diagnostic methods to reliably facilitate an accurate diagnosis. We therefore aimed to determine the feasibility of a simple diagnostic test by analysing differentially expressed genes in the blood of patients diagnosed with CNP of the lower back and compared to healthy human controls. Refinement of microarray expression data was performed using correlation analysis with 3900 human 2-colour microarray experiments. Selected genes were analysed in the dorsal horn of Sprague-Dawley rats after L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL), using qRT-PCR and ddPCR, to determine possible associations with pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning CNP and whether they represent translational biomarkers of CNP. We found that of the 15 potential biomarkers identified, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) gene expression was upregulated in chronic neuropathic lower back pain (CNBP) (p = 0.0049) which positively correlated (R = 0.68, p = ≤0.05) with increased plasma TIMP1 levels in this group (p = 0.0433). Moreover, plasma TIMP1 was also significantly upregulated in CNBP than chronic inflammatory lower back pain (p = 0.0272). In the SNL model, upregulation of the Timp1 gene was also observed (p = 0.0058) alongside a strong trend for the upregulation of melanocortin 1 receptor (p = 0.0847). Our data therefore highlights several genes that warrant further investigation, and of these, TIMP1 shows the greatest potential as an accessible and translational CNP biomarker.\n
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\n\n \n \n 2016\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effectiveness of a biopsychosocial e-learning intervention on the clinical judgements of medical students and GP trainees regarding future risk of disability in patients with chronic lower back pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dwyer, C. P.; Durand, H.; MacNeela, P.; Reynolds, B.; Hamm, R. M.; Main, C. J.; O'Connor, L. L.; Conneely, S.; Taheny, D.; Slattery, B. W.; O'Neill, C.; NicGabhainn, S.; Murphy, A. W.; Kropmans, T.; and McGuire, B. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BMJ Open, 6(5): e010407. May 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dwyer_effectiveness_2016,\n\ttitle = {Effectiveness of a biopsychosocial e-learning intervention on the clinical judgements of medical students and {GP} trainees regarding future risk of disability in patients with chronic lower back pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {2044-6055,},\n\tshorttitle = {Effectiveness of a biopsychosocial e-learning intervention on the clinical judgements of medical students and {GP} trainees regarding future risk of disability in patients with chronic lower back pain},\n\turl = {http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/5/e010407},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010407},\n\tabstract = {Introduction Chronic lower back pain (CLBP) is a major healthcare problem with wide ranging effects. It is a priority for appropriate management of CLBP to get individuals back to work as early as possible. Interventions that identify biopsychosocial barriers to recovery have been observed to lead to successfully reduced pain-related work absences and increased return to work for individuals with CLBP. Modern conceptualisations of pain adopt a biopsychosocial approach, such as the flags approach. Biopsychosocial perspectives have been applied to judgements about future adjustment, recovery from pain and risk of long-term disability; and provide a helpful model for understanding the importance of contextual interactions between psychosocial and biological variables in the experience of pain. Medical students and general practitioner (GP) trainees are important groups to target with education about biopsychosocial conceptualisations of pain and related clinical implications.\nAim The current study will compare the effects of an e-learning intervention that focuses on a biopsychosocial model of pain, on the clinical judgements of medical students and trainees.\nMethods and analysis Medical student and GP trainee participants will be randomised to 1 of 2 study conditions: (1) a 20 min e-learning intervention focused on the fundamentals of the flags approach to clinical judgement-making regarding risk of future pain-related disability; compared with a (2) wait-list control group on judgement accuracy and weighting (ie, primary outcomes); flags approach knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards pain, judgement speed and empathy (ie, secondary outcomes). Participants will be assessed at preintervention and postintervention.\nEthics and dissemination The study will be performed in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki and is approved by the National University of Ireland Galway Research Ethics Committee. The results of the trial will be published according to the CONSORT statement and will be presented at conferences and reported in peer-reviewed journals.\nTrial registration number ISRCTN53670726; Pre-results.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2016-05-31},\n\tjournal = {BMJ Open},\n\tauthor = {Dwyer, Christopher P. and Durand, Hannah and MacNeela, Pádraig and Reynolds, Bronagh and Hamm, Robert M. and Main, Christopher J. and O'Connor, Laura L. and Conneely, Sinéad and Taheny, Darragh and Slattery, Brian W. and O'Neill, Ciaran and NicGabhainn, Saoirse and Murphy, Andrew W. and Kropmans, Thomas and McGuire, Brian E.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpmid = {27231000},\n\tkeywords = {Biopsychosocial Model, Chronic Lower Back Pain, Clinical Judgement Making},\n\tpages = {e010407},\n}\n\n\n\n Introduction Chronic lower back pain (CLBP) is a major healthcare problem with wide ranging effects. It is a priority for appropriate management of CLBP to get individuals back to work as early as possible. Interventions that identify biopsychosocial barriers to recovery have been observed to lead to successfully reduced pain-related work absences and increased return to work for individuals with CLBP. Modern conceptualisations of pain adopt a biopsychosocial approach, such as the flags approach. Biopsychosocial perspectives have been applied to judgements about future adjustment, recovery from pain and risk of long-term disability; and provide a helpful model for understanding the importance of contextual interactions between psychosocial and biological variables in the experience of pain. Medical students and general practitioner (GP) trainees are important groups to target with education about biopsychosocial conceptualisations of pain and related clinical implications. Aim The current study will compare the effects of an e-learning intervention that focuses on a biopsychosocial model of pain, on the clinical judgements of medical students and trainees. Methods and analysis Medical student and GP trainee participants will be randomised to 1 of 2 study conditions: (1) a 20 min e-learning intervention focused on the fundamentals of the flags approach to clinical judgement-making regarding risk of future pain-related disability; compared with a (2) wait-list control group on judgement accuracy and weighting (ie, primary outcomes); flags approach knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards pain, judgement speed and empathy (ie, secondary outcomes). Participants will be assessed at preintervention and postintervention. Ethics and dissemination The study will be performed in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki and is approved by the National University of Ireland Galway Research Ethics Committee. The results of the trial will be published according to the CONSORT statement and will be presented at conferences and reported in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number ISRCTN53670726; Pre-results.\n
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\n\n \n \n 2011\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chronic pain in the Republic of Ireland–community prevalence, psychosocial profile and predictors of pain-related disability: results from the Prevalence, Impact and Cost of Chronic Pain (PRIME) study, part 1.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raftery, M. N.; Sarma, K.; Murphy, A. W.; De la Harpe, D.; Normand, C.; and McGuire, B. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Pain, 152(5): 1096–1103. May 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raftery_chronic_2011,\n\ttitle = {Chronic pain in the {Republic} of {Ireland}--community prevalence, psychosocial profile and predictors of pain-related disability: results from the {Prevalence}, {Impact} and {Cost} of {Chronic} {Pain} ({PRIME}) study, part 1.},\n\tvolume = {152},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2011 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.pain.2011.01.019},\n\tabstract = {The aims of the PRIME study (Prevalence, Impact and Cost of Chronic Pain) were},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Pain},\n\tauthor = {Raftery, Miriam N. and Sarma, Kiran and Murphy, Andrew W. and De la Harpe, Davida and Normand, Charles and McGuire, Brian E.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21450402},\n\tkeywords = {*Residence Characteristics, Activities of Daily Living, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Chronic pain, Community, Depression, Depression/etiology, Disability, Disability Evaluation, Disabled Persons, Disabled Persons/*psychology, Female, Humans, Ireland, Ireland/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Pain Measurement, Pain Perception, Pain/complications/economics/*epidemiology/*psychology, Predictive Value of Tests, Prevalence, Quality of Life, Questionnaires, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult},\n\tpages = {1096--1103},\n}\n\n\n\n The aims of the PRIME study (Prevalence, Impact and Cost of Chronic Pain) were\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of Biopsychosocial Education on the Clinical Judgments of Medical Students and GP Trainees Regarding Future Risk of Disability in Chronic Lower Back Pain: A Randomized Control Trial.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dwyer, C. P.; MacNeela, P.; Durand, H.; O’Connor, L. L.; Main, C. J.; McKenna-Plumley, P. E.; Hamm, R. M.; Reynolds, B.; Conneely, S.; Slattery, B. W.; Taheny, D.; NicGabhainn, S.; Murphy, A. W.; Kropmans, T.; and McGuire, B. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Pain Medicine. .\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dwyer_effects_nodate,\n\ttitle = {Effects of {Biopsychosocial} {Education} on the {Clinical} {Judgments} of {Medical} {Students} and {GP} {Trainees} {Regarding} {Future} {Risk} of {Disability} in {Chronic} {Lower} {Back} {Pain}: {A} {Randomized} {Control} {Trial}},\n\tshorttitle = {Effects of {Biopsychosocial} {Education} on the {Clinical} {Judgments} of {Medical} {Students} and {GP} {Trainees} {Regarding} {Future} {Risk} of {Disability} in {Chronic} {Lower} {Back} {Pain}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/painmedicine/advance-article/doi/10.1093/pm/pnz284/5679931},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/pm/pnz284},\n\tabstract = {AbstractBackground. Chronic lower back pain (CLBP) is a major health care burden and often results in workplace absenteeism. It is a priority for appropriate m},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-01-06},\n\tjournal = {Pain Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Dwyer, Christopher P. and MacNeela, Pádraig and Durand, Hannah and O’Connor, Laura L. and Main, Chris J. and McKenna-Plumley, Phoebe E. and Hamm, Robert M. and Reynolds, Bronagh and Conneely, Sinéad and Slattery, Brian W. and Taheny, Darragh and NicGabhainn, Saoirse and Murphy, Andrew W. and Kropmans, Thomas and McGuire, Brian E.},\n}\n\n\n\n AbstractBackground. Chronic lower back pain (CLBP) is a major health care burden and often results in workplace absenteeism. It is a priority for appropriate m\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Observational pain assessment in older persons with dementia in four countries: observer agreement of items and factor structure of the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Waal, M. W. M. d.; Dalen‐Kok, A. H. v.; Vet, H. C. W. d.; Gimenez‐Llort, L.; Konstantinovic, L.; Tommaso, M. d.; Fischer, T.; Lukas, A.; Kunz, M.; Lautenbacher, S.; Lobbezoo, F.; McGuire, B. E.; Steen, J. T. v. d.; and Achterberg, W. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Pain, 0(ja). .\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{waal_observational_nodate,\n\ttitle = {Observational pain assessment in older persons with dementia in four countries: observer agreement of items and factor structure of the {Pain} {Assessment} in {Impaired} {Cognition}},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tcopyright = {This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},\n\tissn = {1532-2149},\n\tshorttitle = {Observational pain assessment in older persons with dementia in four countries},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ejp.1484},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/ejp.1484},\n\tabstract = {Background Recognition of pain in people with dementia is challenging. Observational scales have been developed, but there is a need to harmonise and improve the assessment process. In EU initiative COST-Action TD1005, 36 promising items were selected from existing scales to be tested further. We aimed to study the observer agreement of each item, and to analyse the factor structure of the complete set. Methods 190 older persons with dementia were recruited in four different countries (Italy, Serbia, Spain and The Netherlands) from different types of healthcare facilities. Patients represented a convenience sample, with no pre-selection on presence of (suspected) pain. The Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC, research version) item pool includes facial expressions of pain (15 items), body movements (10 items), and vocalisations (11 items). Participants were observed by health professionals in two situations, at rest and during movement. Intrarater and interrater reliability was analysed by percentage agreement. The factor structure was examined with principal component analysis with orthogonal rotation. Results Health professionals performed observations in 40 to 57 patients in each country. Intrarater and interrater agreement was generally high (≥70\\%). However, for some facial expression items, agreement was sometimes below 70\\%. Factor analyses showed a 6-component solution, which were named as follows: Vocal pain expression, Face anatomical descriptors, Protective body movements, Vocal defence, Tension, and Lack of affect. Conclusions Observation of PAIC items can be done reliably in healthcare settings. Observer agreement is quite promising already without extensive training.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {ja},\n\turldate = {2019-09-19},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Pain},\n\tauthor = {Waal, Margot W. M. de and Dalen‐Kok, Annelore H. van and Vet, Henrica C. W. de and Gimenez‐Llort, Lydia and Konstantinovic, Ljubica and Tommaso, Marina de and Fischer, Thomas and Lukas, Albert and Kunz, Miriam and Lautenbacher, Stefan and Lobbezoo, Frank and McGuire, Brian E. and Steen, Jenny T. van der and Achterberg, Wilco P.},\n}\n\n\n\n Background Recognition of pain in people with dementia is challenging. Observational scales have been developed, but there is a need to harmonise and improve the assessment process. In EU initiative COST-Action TD1005, 36 promising items were selected from existing scales to be tested further. We aimed to study the observer agreement of each item, and to analyse the factor structure of the complete set. Methods 190 older persons with dementia were recruited in four different countries (Italy, Serbia, Spain and The Netherlands) from different types of healthcare facilities. Patients represented a convenience sample, with no pre-selection on presence of (suspected) pain. The Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC, research version) item pool includes facial expressions of pain (15 items), body movements (10 items), and vocalisations (11 items). Participants were observed by health professionals in two situations, at rest and during movement. Intrarater and interrater reliability was analysed by percentage agreement. The factor structure was examined with principal component analysis with orthogonal rotation. Results Health professionals performed observations in 40 to 57 patients in each country. Intrarater and interrater agreement was generally high (≥70%). However, for some facial expression items, agreement was sometimes below 70%. Factor analyses showed a 6-component solution, which were named as follows: Vocal pain expression, Face anatomical descriptors, Protective body movements, Vocal defence, Tension, and Lack of affect. Conclusions Observation of PAIC items can be done reliably in healthcare settings. Observer agreement is quite promising already without extensive training.\n
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