Cuticular hydrocarbon analysis of an awake behaving fly using direct analysis in real-time time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Yew, J. Y., Cody, R. B., & Kravitz, E. A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(20):7135–7140, 2008. Paper doi abstract bibtex In mammals and insects, pheromones strongly influence social behaviors such as aggression and mate recognition. In , pheromones in the form of cuticular hydrocarbons play prominent roles in courtship. GC/MS is the primary analytical tool currently used to study cuticular hydrocarbons. Although GC/MS is highly reproducible and sensitive, it requires that the fly be placed in a lethal solution of organic solvent, thereby impeding further behavioral studies. We present a technique for the analysis of hydrocarbons and other surface molecules from live animals by using direct analysis in real-time (DART) MS. Cuticular hydrocarbons were sampled from the surface of a restrained, awake behaving fly by using several brief, carefully controlled depressions of the abdomen with a small steel probe. DART mass spectral analysis of the probe detected ions with mass-to-charge ratio (/) of the protonated molecule corresponding to many of the previously identified unsaturated hydrocarbons. Six additional cuticular hydrocarbons also were identified. Consistent with previous GC/MS studies, male and female differences in chemical composition were evident. Spatial differences in the expression profile also were observed on males. Sampling from an individual female first as a virgin and then 45 and 90 min after successful copulation showed that mass signals likely to correspond to -vaccenyl acetate, tricosene, and pentacosene increased in relative intensity after courtship. This method provides near-instantaneous analysis of an individual animal's chemical profile in parallel with behavioral studies and could be extended to other models of pheromone-mediated behavior.
@article{yew_cuticular_2008,
title = {Cuticular hydrocarbon analysis of an awake behaving fly using direct analysis in real-time time-of-flight mass spectrometry},
volume = {105},
url = {internal-pdf://PNAS_2008_105_7135-7140-2041145631/PNAS_2008_105_7135-7140.pdf},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0802692105},
abstract = {In mammals and insects, pheromones strongly influence social behaviors such as aggression and mate recognition. In , pheromones in the form of cuticular hydrocarbons play prominent roles in courtship. GC/MS is the primary analytical tool currently used to study cuticular hydrocarbons. Although GC/MS is highly reproducible and sensitive, it requires that the fly be placed in a lethal solution of organic solvent, thereby impeding further behavioral studies. We present a technique for the analysis of hydrocarbons and other surface molecules from live animals by using direct analysis in real-time (DART) MS. Cuticular hydrocarbons were sampled from the surface of a restrained, awake behaving fly by using several brief, carefully controlled depressions of the abdomen with a small steel probe. DART mass spectral analysis of the probe detected ions with mass-to-charge ratio (/) of the protonated molecule corresponding to many of the previously identified unsaturated hydrocarbons. Six additional cuticular hydrocarbons also were identified. Consistent with previous GC/MS studies, male and female differences in chemical composition were evident. Spatial differences in the expression profile also were observed on males. Sampling from an individual female first as a virgin and then 45 and 90 min after successful copulation showed that mass signals likely to correspond to -vaccenyl acetate, tricosene, and pentacosene increased in relative intensity after courtship. This method provides near-instantaneous analysis of an individual animal's chemical profile in parallel with behavioral studies and could be extended to other models of pheromone-mediated behavior.},
number = {20},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
author = {Yew, Joanne Y. and Cody, Robert B. and Kravitz, Edward A.},
year = {2008},
keywords = {AccuTOF},
pages = {7135--7140},
}
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Although GC/MS is highly reproducible and sensitive, it requires that the fly be placed in a lethal solution of organic solvent, thereby impeding further behavioral studies. We present a technique for the analysis of hydrocarbons and other surface molecules from live animals by using direct analysis in real-time (DART) MS. Cuticular hydrocarbons were sampled from the surface of a restrained, awake behaving fly by using several brief, carefully controlled depressions of the abdomen with a small steel probe. DART mass spectral analysis of the probe detected ions with mass-to-charge ratio (/) of the protonated molecule corresponding to many of the previously identified unsaturated hydrocarbons. Six additional cuticular hydrocarbons also were identified. Consistent with previous GC/MS studies, male and female differences in chemical composition were evident. Spatial differences in the expression profile also were observed on males. 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