var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"filter\":\"keywords:plasma,authors:Hanquist\",\"nocache\":\"1\",\"authorFirst\":\"1\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\"},\n      data: [{\"title\":\"Test cases for grid-based direct kinetic modeling of plasma flows\",\"type\":\"article\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"keywords\":\"etc,own,plasma\",\"pages\":\"65004\",\"volume\":\"27\",\"publisher\":\"Institute of Physics Publishing\",\"id\":\"2458a33c-4889-3c59-86f8-5fc9af79d122\",\"created\":\"2021-01-05T20:43:34.968Z\",\"accessed\":\"2021-01-04\",\"file_attached\":\"true\",\"profile_id\":\"6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0\",\"group_id\":\"5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20\",\"last_modified\":\"2022-09-25T21:50:27.064Z\",\"read\":false,\"starred\":false,\"authored\":false,\"confirmed\":false,\"hidden\":false,\"citation_key\":\"hara:psst:2018\",\"private_publication\":false,\"abstract\":\"Grid-based kinetic models are promising in that the numerical noise inherent in particle-based methods is essentially eliminated. Here, we call such grid-based techniques a direct kinetic (DK) model. Velocity distribution functions are directly obtained by solving kinetic equations, such as the Vlasov equation, in discretized phase space, i.e., both physical and velocity space. In solving the kinetic equations that are hyperbolic partial differential equations, we employ a conservative, positivity-preserving numerical scheme, which is necessary for robust calculations of problems particularly including ionization. Test cases described in this paper include plasma sheaths with electron emission and injection and expansion of neutral atom flow in a two-dimensional configuration. A unifying kinetic theory of space charge limited sheaths for both floating and conducting surfaces is presented. The improved theory is verified using the collisionless DK simulation, particularly for small sheath potentials that particle-based kinetic simulations may struggle due to statistical noise. For benchmarking of the grid-based and particle-based kinetic simulations, hybrid simulations of Hall thruster discharge plasma are performed. While numerical diffusion occurs in the phase space in the DK simulation, ionization oscillations are well resolved since ionization events can be taken into account deterministically at every time step.\",\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Hara, Kentaro and Hanquist, Kyle M.\",\"doi\":\"10.1088/1361-6595/aac6b9\",\"journal\":\"Plasma Sources Science and Technology\",\"number\":\"6\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{\\n title = {Test cases for grid-based direct kinetic modeling of plasma flows},\\n type = {article},\\n year = {2018},\\n keywords = {etc,own,plasma},\\n pages = {65004},\\n volume = {27},\\n publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing},\\n id = {2458a33c-4889-3c59-86f8-5fc9af79d122},\\n created = {2021-01-05T20:43:34.968Z},\\n accessed = {2021-01-04},\\n file_attached = {true},\\n profile_id = {6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0},\\n group_id = {5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20},\\n last_modified = {2022-09-25T21:50:27.064Z},\\n read = {false},\\n starred = {false},\\n authored = {false},\\n confirmed = {false},\\n hidden = {false},\\n citation_key = {hara:psst:2018},\\n private_publication = {false},\\n abstract = {Grid-based kinetic models are promising in that the numerical noise inherent in particle-based methods is essentially eliminated. Here, we call such grid-based techniques a direct kinetic (DK) model. Velocity distribution functions are directly obtained by solving kinetic equations, such as the Vlasov equation, in discretized phase space, i.e., both physical and velocity space. In solving the kinetic equations that are hyperbolic partial differential equations, we employ a conservative, positivity-preserving numerical scheme, which is necessary for robust calculations of problems particularly including ionization. Test cases described in this paper include plasma sheaths with electron emission and injection and expansion of neutral atom flow in a two-dimensional configuration. A unifying kinetic theory of space charge limited sheaths for both floating and conducting surfaces is presented. The improved theory is verified using the collisionless DK simulation, particularly for small sheath potentials that particle-based kinetic simulations may struggle due to statistical noise. For benchmarking of the grid-based and particle-based kinetic simulations, hybrid simulations of Hall thruster discharge plasma are performed. While numerical diffusion occurs in the phase space in the DK simulation, ionization oscillations are well resolved since ionization events can be taken into account deterministically at every time step.},\\n bibtype = {article},\\n author = {Hara, Kentaro and Hanquist, Kyle M.},\\n doi = {10.1088/1361-6595/aac6b9},\\n journal = {Plasma Sources Science and Technology},\\n number = {6}\\n}\",\"author_short\":[\"Hara,  K.\",\"Hanquist,  K., M.\"],\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/36b9397f-8233-912f-4e79-6903fd64ea34/Hara_Hanquist___2018___Test_cases_for_grid_based_direct_kinetic_modeling_of_plasma_flows.pdf.pdf\"},\"biburl\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hara-hanquist-testcasesforgridbaseddirectkineticmodelingofplasmaflows-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"keyword\":[\"etc\",\"own\",\"plasma\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"hanquist, k\":\"https://chanl.arizona.edu/publications/presentations\",\"hanquist,  k\":\"https://chanl.arizona.edu/research/low-temperature-plasmas\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Detailed modeling of electron emission for transpiration cooling of hypersonic vehicles\",\"type\":\"article\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"keywords\":\"etc,plasma\",\"pages\":\"1-13\",\"volume\":\"121\",\"publisher\":\"American Institute of Physics Inc.\",\"id\":\"3121179a-fd3a-37ff-8d93-12f45276c346\",\"created\":\"2021-01-05T20:43:35.166Z\",\"accessed\":\"2021-01-04\",\"file_attached\":\"true\",\"profile_id\":\"6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0\",\"group_id\":\"5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20\",\"last_modified\":\"2022-09-25T21:50:42.393Z\",\"read\":false,\"starred\":false,\"authored\":false,\"confirmed\":false,\"hidden\":false,\"citation_key\":\"hanquist:jap:2017\",\"private_publication\":false,\"abstract\":\"Electron transpiration cooling (ETC) is a recently proposed approach to manage the high heating loads experienced at the sharp leading edges of hypersonic vehicles. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to investigate the feasibility of ETC in a hypersonic environment. A modeling approach is presented for ETC, which includes developing the boundary conditions for electron emission from the surface, accounting for the space-charge limit effects of the near-wall plasma sheath. The space-charge limit models are assessed using 1D direct-kinetic plasma sheath simulations, taking into account the thermionically emitted electrons from the surface. The simulations agree well with the space-charge limit theory proposed by Takamura et al. for emitted electrons with a finite temperature, especially at low values of wall bias, which validates the use of the theoretical model for the hypersonic CFD code. The CFD code with the analytical sheath models is then used for a test case typical of a leading edge radius in a hypersonic flight environment. The CFD results show that ETC can lower the surface temperature of sharp leading edges of hypersonic vehicles, especially at higher velocities, due to the increase in ionized species enabling higher electron heat extraction from the surface. The CFD results also show that space-charge limit effects can limit the ETC reduction of surface temperatures, in comparison to thermionic emission assuming no effects of the electric field within the sheath.\",\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Hanquist, Kyle M. and Hara, Kentaro and Boyd, Iain D.\",\"doi\":\"10.1063/1.4974961\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Applied Physics\",\"number\":\"5\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{\\n title = {Detailed modeling of electron emission for transpiration cooling of hypersonic vehicles},\\n type = {article},\\n year = {2017},\\n keywords = {etc,plasma},\\n pages = {1-13},\\n volume = {121},\\n publisher = {American Institute of Physics Inc.},\\n id = {3121179a-fd3a-37ff-8d93-12f45276c346},\\n created = {2021-01-05T20:43:35.166Z},\\n accessed = {2021-01-04},\\n file_attached = {true},\\n profile_id = {6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0},\\n group_id = {5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20},\\n last_modified = {2022-09-25T21:50:42.393Z},\\n read = {false},\\n starred = {false},\\n authored = {false},\\n confirmed = {false},\\n hidden = {false},\\n citation_key = {hanquist:jap:2017},\\n private_publication = {false},\\n abstract = {Electron transpiration cooling (ETC) is a recently proposed approach to manage the high heating loads experienced at the sharp leading edges of hypersonic vehicles. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to investigate the feasibility of ETC in a hypersonic environment. A modeling approach is presented for ETC, which includes developing the boundary conditions for electron emission from the surface, accounting for the space-charge limit effects of the near-wall plasma sheath. The space-charge limit models are assessed using 1D direct-kinetic plasma sheath simulations, taking into account the thermionically emitted electrons from the surface. The simulations agree well with the space-charge limit theory proposed by Takamura et al. for emitted electrons with a finite temperature, especially at low values of wall bias, which validates the use of the theoretical model for the hypersonic CFD code. The CFD code with the analytical sheath models is then used for a test case typical of a leading edge radius in a hypersonic flight environment. The CFD results show that ETC can lower the surface temperature of sharp leading edges of hypersonic vehicles, especially at higher velocities, due to the increase in ionized species enabling higher electron heat extraction from the surface. The CFD results also show that space-charge limit effects can limit the ETC reduction of surface temperatures, in comparison to thermionic emission assuming no effects of the electric field within the sheath.},\\n bibtype = {article},\\n author = {Hanquist, Kyle M. and Hara, Kentaro and Boyd, Iain D.},\\n doi = {10.1063/1.4974961},\\n journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\\n number = {5}\\n}\",\"author_short\":[\"Hanquist,  K., M.\",\"Hara,  K.\",\"Boyd,  I., D.\"],\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/0f9673d9-3d02-70ab-11cf-838c2694edb8/Hanquist_Hara_Boyd___2017___Detailed_modeling_of_electron_emission_for_transpiration_cooling_of_hypersonic_vehicles.pdf.pdf\"},\"biburl\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hanquist-hara-boyd-detailedmodelingofelectronemissionfortranspirationcoolingofhypersonicvehicles-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"keyword\":[\"etc\",\"plasma\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"hanquist, k\":\"https://chanl.arizona.edu/publications/presentations\",\"hanquist,  k\":\"https://chanl.arizona.edu/research/low-temperature-plasmas\"}},\"downloads\":2,\"html\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Fully-Coupled Simulation of Plasma Discharges, Turbulence, and Combustion in a Scramjet Combustor\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"publisher\":\"AIAA Paper 2020-3230\",\"id\":\"47283358-2860-34a5-a011-4186488e7868\",\"created\":\"2021-01-05T20:43:35.171Z\",\"accessed\":\"2021-01-04\",\"file_attached\":\"true\",\"profile_id\":\"6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0\",\"group_id\":\"5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20\",\"last_modified\":\"2022-09-25T21:51:02.917Z\",\"read\":false,\"starred\":false,\"authored\":false,\"confirmed\":false,\"hidden\":false,\"citation_key\":\"parent:avi:2020\",\"private_publication\":false,\"abstract\":\"Simulating plasma-assisted combustion represents a considerable challenge due to the large discrepancy of the time scales involved. While the turbulent eddy time scales are of the order of microseconds, the plasma sheath time scales are 3-4 orders of magnitude lower. Contrarily to the chemical reactions, the stiffness of the plasma equations can not be relieved simply by using an implicit integration strategy, thus leading to excessive computational effort even for the simplest cases. Recently, it was shown that this hurdle can be overcome by recasting the plasma driftdiffusion transport equations such that the potential is not obtained from Gauss’s law directly but rather from Ohm’s law. Such a recast is performed while still ensuring that Gauss’s law is satisfied and thus does not modify the physics of the drift-diffusion model in any way. In this paper, we use this novel approach to integrate, for the first time, a plasma discharge in fully coupled form with the turbulent hydrogen/air mixing layer and combustion process taking place in the combustor of a scramjet flying at Mach 11. The chemical model includes electrons, 7 different types of ions, 11 neutral species and 79 reactions. Results indicate that more than 5 discharges need to be performed before achieving a self-repeating pattern due to the strong coupling between the flow, combustion, and plasma. 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While the turbulent eddy time scales are of the order of microseconds, the plasma sheath time scales are 3-4 orders of magnitude lower. Contrarily to the chemical reactions, the stiffness of the plasma equations can not be relieved simply by using an implicit integration strategy, thus leading to excessive computational effort even for the simplest cases. Recently, it was shown that this hurdle can be overcome by recasting the plasma driftdiffusion transport equations such that the potential is not obtained from Gauss’s law directly but rather from Ohm’s law. Such a recast is performed while still ensuring that Gauss’s law is satisfied and thus does not modify the physics of the drift-diffusion model in any way. In this paper, we use this novel approach to integrate, for the first time, a plasma discharge in fully coupled form with the turbulent hydrogen/air mixing layer and combustion process taking place in the combustor of a scramjet flying at Mach 11. The chemical model includes electrons, 7 different types of ions, 11 neutral species and 79 reactions. Results indicate that more than 5 discharges need to be performed before achieving a self-repeating pattern due to the strong coupling between the flow, combustion, and plasma. Further, the plasma-assisted flame anchoring is seen to create a recirculation region of significant size within the turbulent boundary layer which affects skin friction and heat loads considerably.},\\n bibtype = {inproceedings},\\n author = {Parent, Bernard and Omprakas, Ajjay and Hanquist, Kyle M.},\\n doi = {10.2514/6.2020-3230},\\n booktitle = {AIAA Aviation and Aeronautics Forum and Exposition},\\n keywords = {plasma}\\n}\",\"author_short\":[\"Parent,  B.\",\"Omprakas,  A.\",\"Hanquist,  K., M.\"],\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/0cd2b04d-6eb1-4455-7d96-e1b989a4eee4/Parent_Omprakas_Hanquist___2020___Fully_Coupled_Simulation_of_Plasma_Discharges_Turbulence_and_Combustion_in_a_Scramjet_.pdf.pdf\"},\"biburl\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0\",\"bibbaseid\":\"parent-omprakas-hanquist-fullycoupledsimulationofplasmadischargesturbulenceandcombustioninascramjetcombustor-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"keyword\":[\"plasma\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"hanquist,  k\":\"https://chanl.arizona.edu/research/low-temperature-plasmas\"}},\"downloads\":3,\"html\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Plasma Sheath Modelling for Computational Aerothermodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics\",\"type\":\"article\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"keywords\":\"plasma\",\"pages\":\"331-348\",\"volume\":\"35\",\"publisher\":\"Taylor & Francis\",\"id\":\"932b180b-a4cb-3ecd-a8b3-9e3c0e82f11e\",\"created\":\"2021-12-27T18:24:57.642Z\",\"accessed\":\"2021-12-27\",\"file_attached\":\"true\",\"profile_id\":\"6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0\",\"group_id\":\"5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20\",\"last_modified\":\"2022-09-25T21:50:54.115Z\",\"read\":false,\"starred\":false,\"authored\":false,\"confirmed\":false,\"hidden\":false,\"citation_key\":\"parent:ijcfd:2021\",\"private_publication\":false,\"abstract\":\"To date, plasma sheath effects have not been incorporated into most CFD simulations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) or aerothermodynamics due to the high computational costs involved. The accurate mo...\",\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Parent, Bernard and Hanquist, Kyle M.\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/10618562.2021.1949456\",\"journal\":\"International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics\",\"number\":\"5\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{\\n title = {Plasma Sheath Modelling for Computational Aerothermodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics},\\n type = {article},\\n year = {2021},\\n keywords = {plasma},\\n pages = {331-348},\\n volume = {35},\\n publisher = {Taylor & Francis},\\n id = {932b180b-a4cb-3ecd-a8b3-9e3c0e82f11e},\\n created = {2021-12-27T18:24:57.642Z},\\n accessed = {2021-12-27},\\n file_attached = {true},\\n profile_id = {6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0},\\n group_id = {5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20},\\n last_modified = {2022-09-25T21:50:54.115Z},\\n read = {false},\\n starred = {false},\\n authored = {false},\\n confirmed = {false},\\n hidden = {false},\\n citation_key = {parent:ijcfd:2021},\\n private_publication = {false},\\n abstract = {To date, plasma sheath effects have not been incorporated into most CFD simulations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) or aerothermodynamics due to the high computational costs involved. 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 title = {Test cases for grid-based direct kinetic modeling of plasma flows},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {etc,own,plasma},
 pages = {65004},
 volume = {27},
 publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing},
 id = {2458a33c-4889-3c59-86f8-5fc9af79d122},
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 profile_id = {6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0},
 group_id = {5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20},
 last_modified = {2022-09-25T21:50:27.064Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {hara:psst:2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Grid-based kinetic models are promising in that the numerical noise inherent in particle-based methods is essentially eliminated. Here, we call such grid-based techniques a direct kinetic (DK) model. Velocity distribution functions are directly obtained by solving kinetic equations, such as the Vlasov equation, in discretized phase space, i.e., both physical and velocity space. In solving the kinetic equations that are hyperbolic partial differential equations, we employ a conservative, positivity-preserving numerical scheme, which is necessary for robust calculations of problems particularly including ionization. Test cases described in this paper include plasma sheaths with electron emission and injection and expansion of neutral atom flow in a two-dimensional configuration. A unifying kinetic theory of space charge limited sheaths for both floating and conducting surfaces is presented. The improved theory is verified using the collisionless DK simulation, particularly for small sheath potentials that particle-based kinetic simulations may struggle due to statistical noise. For benchmarking of the grid-based and particle-based kinetic simulations, hybrid simulations of Hall thruster discharge plasma are performed. While numerical diffusion occurs in the phase space in the DK simulation, ionization oscillations are well resolved since ionization events can be taken into account deterministically at every time step.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hara, Kentaro and Hanquist, Kyle M.},
 doi = {10.1088/1361-6595/aac6b9},
 journal = {Plasma Sources Science and Technology},
 number = {6}
}

@article{
 title = {Detailed modeling of electron emission for transpiration cooling of hypersonic vehicles},
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 pages = {1-13},
 volume = {121},
 publisher = {American Institute of Physics Inc.},
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 citation_key = {hanquist:jap:2017},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Electron transpiration cooling (ETC) is a recently proposed approach to manage the high heating loads experienced at the sharp leading edges of hypersonic vehicles. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to investigate the feasibility of ETC in a hypersonic environment. A modeling approach is presented for ETC, which includes developing the boundary conditions for electron emission from the surface, accounting for the space-charge limit effects of the near-wall plasma sheath. The space-charge limit models are assessed using 1D direct-kinetic plasma sheath simulations, taking into account the thermionically emitted electrons from the surface. The simulations agree well with the space-charge limit theory proposed by Takamura et al. for emitted electrons with a finite temperature, especially at low values of wall bias, which validates the use of the theoretical model for the hypersonic CFD code. The CFD code with the analytical sheath models is then used for a test case typical of a leading edge radius in a hypersonic flight environment. The CFD results show that ETC can lower the surface temperature of sharp leading edges of hypersonic vehicles, especially at higher velocities, due to the increase in ionized species enabling higher electron heat extraction from the surface. The CFD results also show that space-charge limit effects can limit the ETC reduction of surface temperatures, in comparison to thermionic emission assuming no effects of the electric field within the sheath.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hanquist, Kyle M. and Hara, Kentaro and Boyd, Iain D.},
 doi = {10.1063/1.4974961},
 journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
 number = {5}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Fully-Coupled Simulation of Plasma Discharges, Turbulence, and Combustion in a Scramjet Combustor},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2020},
 publisher = {AIAA Paper 2020-3230},
 id = {47283358-2860-34a5-a011-4186488e7868},
 created = {2021-01-05T20:43:35.171Z},
 accessed = {2021-01-04},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0},
 group_id = {5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20},
 last_modified = {2022-09-25T21:51:02.917Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {parent:avi:2020},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Simulating plasma-assisted combustion represents a considerable challenge due to the large discrepancy of the time scales involved. While the turbulent eddy time scales are of the order of microseconds, the plasma sheath time scales are 3-4 orders of magnitude lower. Contrarily to the chemical reactions, the stiffness of the plasma equations can not be relieved simply by using an implicit integration strategy, thus leading to excessive computational effort even for the simplest cases. Recently, it was shown that this hurdle can be overcome by recasting the plasma driftdiffusion transport equations such that the potential is not obtained from Gauss’s law directly but rather from Ohm’s law. Such a recast is performed while still ensuring that Gauss’s law is satisfied and thus does not modify the physics of the drift-diffusion model in any way. In this paper, we use this novel approach to integrate, for the first time, a plasma discharge in fully coupled form with the turbulent hydrogen/air mixing layer and combustion process taking place in the combustor of a scramjet flying at Mach 11. The chemical model includes electrons, 7 different types of ions, 11 neutral species and 79 reactions. Results indicate that more than 5 discharges need to be performed before achieving a self-repeating pattern due to the strong coupling between the flow, combustion, and plasma. Further, the plasma-assisted flame anchoring is seen to create a recirculation region of significant size within the turbulent boundary layer which affects skin friction and heat loads considerably.},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Parent, Bernard and Omprakas, Ajjay and Hanquist, Kyle M.},
 doi = {10.2514/6.2020-3230},
 booktitle = {AIAA Aviation and Aeronautics Forum and Exposition},
 keywords = {plasma}
}

@article{
 title = {Plasma Sheath Modelling for Computational Aerothermodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {plasma},
 pages = {331-348},
 volume = {35},
 publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
 id = {932b180b-a4cb-3ecd-a8b3-9e3c0e82f11e},
 created = {2021-12-27T18:24:57.642Z},
 accessed = {2021-12-27},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0},
 group_id = {5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20},
 last_modified = {2022-09-25T21:50:54.115Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {parent:ijcfd:2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {To date, plasma sheath effects have not been incorporated into most CFD simulations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) or aerothermodynamics due to the high computational costs involved. The accurate mo...},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Parent, Bernard and Hanquist, Kyle M.},
 doi = {10.1080/10618562.2021.1949456},
 journal = {International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics},
 number = {5}
}\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-download fa-fw\"></i> Download BibTeX\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"//bibbase.org/rss?bib=\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-rss fa-fw\"></i> RSS Feed\n          </a>\n          </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n      \n\n\n      \n    </ul>\n\n\n    <div class=\"alert alert-success bibbase_msg\" id=\"bibbase_msg_embed\"\n         style=\"display: none;\">\n\n      Excellent! 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In order to keep using Mendeley with BibBase past April\n        14th, you need to:\n        <ol>\n          <li>renew the authorization for BibBase on Mendeley, and</li>\n          <li>update the BibBase URL\n            in your page the same way you did when you initially set up\n            this page.\n          </li>\n        </ol>\n      </p>\n\n      <p>\n        <a href=\"http://bibbase.org/cgi-bin/mendeley2/get.py\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\"></i>\n          Fix it now</a>\n      </p>\n    </div>\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_body\">\n    \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2021\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2021</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"parent-hanquist-plasmasheathmodellingforcomputationalaerothermodynamicsandmagnetohydrodynamics-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Parent,  B.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://chanl.arizona.edu/research/low-temperature-plasmas\">Hanquist,  K., M.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/03711b87-e25a-8c37-46e2-a3bad1137288/full_text.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'parent-hanquist-plasmasheathmodellingforcomputationalaerothermodynamicsandmagnetohydrodynamics-2021', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/03711b87-e25a-8c37-46e2-a3bad1137288/full_text.pdf.pdf', event);\">\n    Plasma Sheath Modelling for Computational Aerothermodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics</i>, 35(5): 331-348.  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/03711b87-e25a-8c37-46e2-a3bad1137288/full_text.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('parent-hanquist-plasmasheathmodellingforcomputationalaerothermodynamicsandmagnetohydrodynamics-2021', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/03711b87-e25a-8c37-46e2-a3bad1137288/full_text.pdf.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Plasma Sheath Modelling for Computational Aerothermodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/10618562.2021.1949456\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('parent-hanquist-plasmasheathmodellingforcomputationalaerothermodynamicsandmagnetohydrodynamics-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/10618562.2021.1949456', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/parent-hanquist-plasmasheathmodellingforcomputationalaerothermodynamicsandmagnetohydrodynamics-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('parent-hanquist-plasmasheathmodellingforcomputationalaerothermodynamicsandmagnetohydrodynamics-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{\n title = {Plasma Sheath Modelling for Computational Aerothermodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics},\n type = {article},\n year = {2021},\n keywords = {plasma},\n pages = {331-348},\n volume = {35},\n publisher = {Taylor &amp; Francis},\n id = {932b180b-a4cb-3ecd-a8b3-9e3c0e82f11e},\n created = {2021-12-27T18:24:57.642Z},\n accessed = {2021-12-27},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0},\n group_id = {5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20},\n last_modified = {2022-09-25T21:50:54.115Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n citation_key = {parent:ijcfd:2021},\n private_publication = {false},\n abstract = {To date, plasma sheath effects have not been incorporated into most CFD simulations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) or aerothermodynamics due to the high computational costs involved. The accurate mo...},\n bibtype = {article},\n author = {Parent, Bernard and Hanquist, Kyle M.},\n doi = {10.1080/10618562.2021.1949456},\n journal = {International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics},\n number = {5}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  To date, plasma sheath effects have not been incorporated into most CFD simulations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) or aerothermodynamics due to the high computational costs involved. The accurate mo...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2020\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2020</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"parent-omprakas-hanquist-fullycoupledsimulationofplasmadischargesturbulenceandcombustioninascramjetcombustor-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Parent,  B.; Omprakas,  A.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://chanl.arizona.edu/research/low-temperature-plasmas\">Hanquist,  K., M.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/0cd2b04d-6eb1-4455-7d96-e1b989a4eee4/Parent_Omprakas_Hanquist___2020___Fully_Coupled_Simulation_of_Plasma_Discharges_Turbulence_and_Combustion_in_a_Scramjet_.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'parent-omprakas-hanquist-fullycoupledsimulationofplasmadischargesturbulenceandcombustioninascramjetcombustor-2020', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/0cd2b04d-6eb1-4455-7d96-e1b989a4eee4/Parent_Omprakas_Hanquist___2020___Fully_Coupled_Simulation_of_Plasma_Discharges_Turbulence_and_Combustion_in_a_Scramjet_.pdf.pdf', event);\">\n    Fully-Coupled Simulation of Plasma Discharges, Turbulence, and Combustion in a Scramjet Combustor.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>AIAA Aviation and Aeronautics Forum and Exposition</i>,  2020. AIAA Paper 2020-3230\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/0cd2b04d-6eb1-4455-7d96-e1b989a4eee4/Parent_Omprakas_Hanquist___2020___Fully_Coupled_Simulation_of_Plasma_Discharges_Turbulence_and_Combustion_in_a_Scramjet_.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('parent-omprakas-hanquist-fullycoupledsimulationofplasmadischargesturbulenceandcombustioninascramjetcombustor-2020', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/0cd2b04d-6eb1-4455-7d96-e1b989a4eee4/Parent_Omprakas_Hanquist___2020___Fully_Coupled_Simulation_of_Plasma_Discharges_Turbulence_and_Combustion_in_a_Scramjet_.pdf.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Fully-Coupled Simulation of Plasma Discharges, Turbulence, and Combustion in a Scramjet Combustor [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3230\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('parent-omprakas-hanquist-fullycoupledsimulationofplasmadischargesturbulenceandcombustioninascramjetcombustor-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3230', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/parent-omprakas-hanquist-fullycoupledsimulationofplasmadischargesturbulenceandcombustioninascramjetcombustor-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>3 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('parent-omprakas-hanquist-fullycoupledsimulationofplasmadischargesturbulenceandcombustioninascramjetcombustor-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{\n title = {Fully-Coupled Simulation of Plasma Discharges, Turbulence, and Combustion in a Scramjet Combustor},\n type = {inproceedings},\n year = {2020},\n publisher = {AIAA Paper 2020-3230},\n id = {47283358-2860-34a5-a011-4186488e7868},\n created = {2021-01-05T20:43:35.171Z},\n accessed = {2021-01-04},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0},\n group_id = {5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20},\n last_modified = {2022-09-25T21:51:02.917Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n citation_key = {parent:avi:2020},\n private_publication = {false},\n abstract = {Simulating plasma-assisted combustion represents a considerable challenge due to the large discrepancy of the time scales involved. While the turbulent eddy time scales are of the order of microseconds, the plasma sheath time scales are 3-4 orders of magnitude lower. Contrarily to the chemical reactions, the stiffness of the plasma equations can not be relieved simply by using an implicit integration strategy, thus leading to excessive computational effort even for the simplest cases. Recently, it was shown that this hurdle can be overcome by recasting the plasma driftdiffusion transport equations such that the potential is not obtained from Gauss’s law directly but rather from Ohm’s law. Such a recast is performed while still ensuring that Gauss’s law is satisfied and thus does not modify the physics of the drift-diffusion model in any way. In this paper, we use this novel approach to integrate, for the first time, a plasma discharge in fully coupled form with the turbulent hydrogen/air mixing layer and combustion process taking place in the combustor of a scramjet flying at Mach 11. The chemical model includes electrons, 7 different types of ions, 11 neutral species and 79 reactions. Results indicate that more than 5 discharges need to be performed before achieving a self-repeating pattern due to the strong coupling between the flow, combustion, and plasma. Further, the plasma-assisted flame anchoring is seen to create a recirculation region of significant size within the turbulent boundary layer which affects skin friction and heat loads considerably.},\n bibtype = {inproceedings},\n author = {Parent, Bernard and Omprakas, Ajjay and Hanquist, Kyle M.},\n doi = {10.2514/6.2020-3230},\n booktitle = {AIAA Aviation and Aeronautics Forum and Exposition},\n keywords = {plasma}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Simulating plasma-assisted combustion represents a considerable challenge due to the large discrepancy of the time scales involved. While the turbulent eddy time scales are of the order of microseconds, the plasma sheath time scales are 3-4 orders of magnitude lower. Contrarily to the chemical reactions, the stiffness of the plasma equations can not be relieved simply by using an implicit integration strategy, thus leading to excessive computational effort even for the simplest cases. Recently, it was shown that this hurdle can be overcome by recasting the plasma driftdiffusion transport equations such that the potential is not obtained from Gauss’s law directly but rather from Ohm’s law. Such a recast is performed while still ensuring that Gauss’s law is satisfied and thus does not modify the physics of the drift-diffusion model in any way. In this paper, we use this novel approach to integrate, for the first time, a plasma discharge in fully coupled form with the turbulent hydrogen/air mixing layer and combustion process taking place in the combustor of a scramjet flying at Mach 11. The chemical model includes electrons, 7 different types of ions, 11 neutral species and 79 reactions. Results indicate that more than 5 discharges need to be performed before achieving a self-repeating pattern due to the strong coupling between the flow, combustion, and plasma. Further, the plasma-assisted flame anchoring is seen to create a recirculation region of significant size within the turbulent boundary layer which affects skin friction and heat loads considerably.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2018\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2018</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hara-hanquist-testcasesforgridbaseddirectkineticmodelingofplasmaflows-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hara,  K.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://chanl.arizona.edu/research/low-temperature-plasmas\">Hanquist,  K., M.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/36b9397f-8233-912f-4e79-6903fd64ea34/Hara_Hanquist___2018___Test_cases_for_grid_based_direct_kinetic_modeling_of_plasma_flows.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hara-hanquist-testcasesforgridbaseddirectkineticmodelingofplasmaflows-2018', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/36b9397f-8233-912f-4e79-6903fd64ea34/Hara_Hanquist___2018___Test_cases_for_grid_based_direct_kinetic_modeling_of_plasma_flows.pdf.pdf', event);\">\n    Test cases for grid-based direct kinetic modeling of plasma flows.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Plasma Sources Science and Technology</i>, 27(6): 65004.  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/36b9397f-8233-912f-4e79-6903fd64ea34/Hara_Hanquist___2018___Test_cases_for_grid_based_direct_kinetic_modeling_of_plasma_flows.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hara-hanquist-testcasesforgridbaseddirectkineticmodelingofplasmaflows-2018', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/36b9397f-8233-912f-4e79-6903fd64ea34/Hara_Hanquist___2018___Test_cases_for_grid_based_direct_kinetic_modeling_of_plasma_flows.pdf.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Test cases for grid-based direct kinetic modeling of plasma flows [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aac6b9\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hara-hanquist-testcasesforgridbaseddirectkineticmodelingofplasmaflows-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aac6b9', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hara-hanquist-testcasesforgridbaseddirectkineticmodelingofplasmaflows-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hara-hanquist-testcasesforgridbaseddirectkineticmodelingofplasmaflows-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{\n title = {Test cases for grid-based direct kinetic modeling of plasma flows},\n type = {article},\n year = {2018},\n keywords = {etc,own,plasma},\n pages = {65004},\n volume = {27},\n publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing},\n id = {2458a33c-4889-3c59-86f8-5fc9af79d122},\n created = {2021-01-05T20:43:34.968Z},\n accessed = {2021-01-04},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0},\n group_id = {5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20},\n last_modified = {2022-09-25T21:50:27.064Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n citation_key = {hara:psst:2018},\n private_publication = {false},\n abstract = {Grid-based kinetic models are promising in that the numerical noise inherent in particle-based methods is essentially eliminated. Here, we call such grid-based techniques a direct kinetic (DK) model. Velocity distribution functions are directly obtained by solving kinetic equations, such as the Vlasov equation, in discretized phase space, i.e., both physical and velocity space. In solving the kinetic equations that are hyperbolic partial differential equations, we employ a conservative, positivity-preserving numerical scheme, which is necessary for robust calculations of problems particularly including ionization. Test cases described in this paper include plasma sheaths with electron emission and injection and expansion of neutral atom flow in a two-dimensional configuration. A unifying kinetic theory of space charge limited sheaths for both floating and conducting surfaces is presented. The improved theory is verified using the collisionless DK simulation, particularly for small sheath potentials that particle-based kinetic simulations may struggle due to statistical noise. For benchmarking of the grid-based and particle-based kinetic simulations, hybrid simulations of Hall thruster discharge plasma are performed. While numerical diffusion occurs in the phase space in the DK simulation, ionization oscillations are well resolved since ionization events can be taken into account deterministically at every time step.},\n bibtype = {article},\n author = {Hara, Kentaro and Hanquist, Kyle M.},\n doi = {10.1088/1361-6595/aac6b9},\n journal = {Plasma Sources Science and Technology},\n number = {6}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Grid-based kinetic models are promising in that the numerical noise inherent in particle-based methods is essentially eliminated. Here, we call such grid-based techniques a direct kinetic (DK) model. Velocity distribution functions are directly obtained by solving kinetic equations, such as the Vlasov equation, in discretized phase space, i.e., both physical and velocity space. In solving the kinetic equations that are hyperbolic partial differential equations, we employ a conservative, positivity-preserving numerical scheme, which is necessary for robust calculations of problems particularly including ionization. Test cases described in this paper include plasma sheaths with electron emission and injection and expansion of neutral atom flow in a two-dimensional configuration. A unifying kinetic theory of space charge limited sheaths for both floating and conducting surfaces is presented. The improved theory is verified using the collisionless DK simulation, particularly for small sheath potentials that particle-based kinetic simulations may struggle due to statistical noise. For benchmarking of the grid-based and particle-based kinetic simulations, hybrid simulations of Hall thruster discharge plasma are performed. While numerical diffusion occurs in the phase space in the DK simulation, ionization oscillations are well resolved since ionization events can be taken into account deterministically at every time step.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2017\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2017</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hanquist-hara-boyd-detailedmodelingofelectronemissionfortranspirationcoolingofhypersonicvehicles-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://chanl.arizona.edu/research/low-temperature-plasmas\">Hanquist,  K., M.</a>; Hara,  K.;  and Boyd,  I., D.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/0f9673d9-3d02-70ab-11cf-838c2694edb8/Hanquist_Hara_Boyd___2017___Detailed_modeling_of_electron_emission_for_transpiration_cooling_of_hypersonic_vehicles.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hanquist-hara-boyd-detailedmodelingofelectronemissionfortranspirationcoolingofhypersonicvehicles-2017', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/0f9673d9-3d02-70ab-11cf-838c2694edb8/Hanquist_Hara_Boyd___2017___Detailed_modeling_of_electron_emission_for_transpiration_cooling_of_hypersonic_vehicles.pdf.pdf', event);\">\n    Detailed modeling of electron emission for transpiration cooling of hypersonic vehicles.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>, 121(5): 1-13.  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/0f9673d9-3d02-70ab-11cf-838c2694edb8/Hanquist_Hara_Boyd___2017___Detailed_modeling_of_electron_emission_for_transpiration_cooling_of_hypersonic_vehicles.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hanquist-hara-boyd-detailedmodelingofelectronemissionfortranspirationcoolingofhypersonicvehicles-2017', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0/file/0f9673d9-3d02-70ab-11cf-838c2694edb8/Hanquist_Hara_Boyd___2017___Detailed_modeling_of_electron_emission_for_transpiration_cooling_of_hypersonic_vehicles.pdf.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Detailed modeling of electron emission for transpiration cooling of hypersonic vehicles [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4974961\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hanquist-hara-boyd-detailedmodelingofelectronemissionfortranspirationcoolingofhypersonicvehicles-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4974961', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hanquist-hara-boyd-detailedmodelingofelectronemissionfortranspirationcoolingofhypersonicvehicles-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>2 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hanquist-hara-boyd-detailedmodelingofelectronemissionfortranspirationcoolingofhypersonicvehicles-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{\n title = {Detailed modeling of electron emission for transpiration cooling of hypersonic vehicles},\n type = {article},\n year = {2017},\n keywords = {etc,plasma},\n pages = {1-13},\n volume = {121},\n publisher = {American Institute of Physics Inc.},\n id = {3121179a-fd3a-37ff-8d93-12f45276c346},\n created = {2021-01-05T20:43:35.166Z},\n accessed = {2021-01-04},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {6476e386-2170-33cc-8f65-4c12ee0052f0},\n group_id = {5a9f751c-3662-3c8e-b55d-a8b85890ce20},\n last_modified = {2022-09-25T21:50:42.393Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n citation_key = {hanquist:jap:2017},\n private_publication = {false},\n abstract = {Electron transpiration cooling (ETC) is a recently proposed approach to manage the high heating loads experienced at the sharp leading edges of hypersonic vehicles. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to investigate the feasibility of ETC in a hypersonic environment. A modeling approach is presented for ETC, which includes developing the boundary conditions for electron emission from the surface, accounting for the space-charge limit effects of the near-wall plasma sheath. The space-charge limit models are assessed using 1D direct-kinetic plasma sheath simulations, taking into account the thermionically emitted electrons from the surface. The simulations agree well with the space-charge limit theory proposed by Takamura et al. for emitted electrons with a finite temperature, especially at low values of wall bias, which validates the use of the theoretical model for the hypersonic CFD code. The CFD code with the analytical sheath models is then used for a test case typical of a leading edge radius in a hypersonic flight environment. The CFD results show that ETC can lower the surface temperature of sharp leading edges of hypersonic vehicles, especially at higher velocities, due to the increase in ionized species enabling higher electron heat extraction from the surface. The CFD results also show that space-charge limit effects can limit the ETC reduction of surface temperatures, in comparison to thermionic emission assuming no effects of the electric field within the sheath.},\n bibtype = {article},\n author = {Hanquist, Kyle M. and Hara, Kentaro and Boyd, Iain D.},\n doi = {10.1063/1.4974961},\n journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n number = {5}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Electron transpiration cooling (ETC) is a recently proposed approach to manage the high heating loads experienced at the sharp leading edges of hypersonic vehicles. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to investigate the feasibility of ETC in a hypersonic environment. A modeling approach is presented for ETC, which includes developing the boundary conditions for electron emission from the surface, accounting for the space-charge limit effects of the near-wall plasma sheath. The space-charge limit models are assessed using 1D direct-kinetic plasma sheath simulations, taking into account the thermionically emitted electrons from the surface. The simulations agree well with the space-charge limit theory proposed by Takamura et al. for emitted electrons with a finite temperature, especially at low values of wall bias, which validates the use of the theoretical model for the hypersonic CFD code. The CFD code with the analytical sheath models is then used for a test case typical of a leading edge radius in a hypersonic flight environment. The CFD results show that ETC can lower the surface temperature of sharp leading edges of hypersonic vehicles, especially at higher velocities, due to the increase in ionized species enabling higher electron heat extraction from the surface. The CFD results also show that space-charge limit effects can limit the ETC reduction of surface temperatures, in comparison to thermionic emission assuming no effects of the electric field within the sheath.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);