var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\",\"ssl\":false},\n      data: [{\"title\":\"Metal concentrations in vicinity of a cement factory NW province\",\"type\":\"article\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"id\":\"706e0205-3cda-3dba-bd16-f462766f895f\",\"created\":\"2026-03-25T14:31:00.104Z\",\"file_attached\":\"true\",\"profile_id\":\"888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"group_id\":\"9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b\",\"last_modified\":\"2026-03-25T14:51:22.991Z\",\"read\":\"true\",\"starred\":false,\"authored\":false,\"confirmed\":false,\"hidden\":false,\"private_publication\":false,\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Huyser, undefined\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{\\n title = {Metal concentrations in vicinity of a cement factory NW province},\\n type = {article},\\n year = {2012},\\n id = {706e0205-3cda-3dba-bd16-f462766f895f},\\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:00.104Z},\\n file_attached = {true},\\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:51:22.991Z},\\n read = {true},\\n starred = {false},\\n authored = {false},\\n confirmed = {false},\\n hidden = {false},\\n private_publication = {false},\\n bibtype = {article},\\n author = {Huyser, undefined}\\n}\",\"author_short\":[\"Huyser\"],\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/50d24f94-f853-30c1-5f31-e055ac6681a3/2012_Huyser_Metal_concentrations_in_vicinity_of_a_cement_factory_NW_province.pdf.pdf\"},\"biburl\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"bibbaseid\":\"huyser-metalconcentrationsinvicinityofacementfactorynwprovince-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Systematic review and meta-analyses of lead (Pb) concentrations in environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) reported in the United States from 1996 to 2016\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"source\":\"Science of the Total Environment\",\"keywords\":\"Heavy metals,Lead (Pb),Meta-analysis,Multimedia exposure assessment,Random effects model,Systematic review\",\"volume\":\"694\",\"month\":\"12\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier B.V.\",\"day\":\"1\",\"id\":\"2d4be7e4-fb32-3223-b867-b5bf0fb1aa27\",\"created\":\"2026-03-25T14:31:00.770Z\",\"file_attached\":\"true\",\"profile_id\":\"888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"group_id\":\"9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b\",\"last_modified\":\"2026-03-25T14:31:05.757Z\",\"read\":false,\"starred\":false,\"authored\":false,\"confirmed\":false,\"hidden\":false,\"private_publication\":false,\"abstract\":\"Environmental lead (Pb) contamination is a persistent public health issue that prominently impacts communities across the United States. Multimedia Pb exposure assessments are utilized to provide a holistic evaluation of Pb exposure and inform the development of programs and regulations that are protective of human health. To conduct multimedia exposure assessments, robust, media-specific environmental Pb concentration data are necessary. To support this effort, systematic review and meta-analysis methods were used to conduct a comprehensive synthesis of research measuring Pb in multiple environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) over a 20-year period within the United States. The breadth of the resulting database allowed for the evaluation of sample characteristics that can serve as indicators of environmental Pb contamination. Random effects models run on literature and national survey datasets generated overall mean estimates of Pb concentrations that can be used for multimedia Pb exposure modeling for general and high-exposure-risk populations. Results from our study highlighted several important trends: 1) The mean estimate of Pb in residential soils is three times higher for urbanized areas than non-urbanized areas; 2) The mean estimate of Pb in produce reported in the literature is approximately three orders of magnitude greater than commercially-sourced raw produce monitored in national surveys; 3) The mean estimate of Pb in soils from shooting ranges is two times greater than non-residential Pb contaminated Superfund sites reported in the literature; 4) Research reporting environmental Pb concentrations for school and daycare sites is very limited; 5) Inconsistent sample collection and reporting of results limited synthesis efforts; and 6) The U.S. EPA's Air Quality System was the most robust, publicly available national survey resource. Results from these analyses will inform future multimedia Pb exposure assessments and be useful in prioritizing future research and program development.\",\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"author\":\"Frank, Jessica J. and Poulakos, Antonios G. and Tornero-Velez, Rogelio and Xue, Jianping\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.295\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{\\n title = {Systematic review and meta-analyses of lead (Pb) concentrations in environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) reported in the United States from 1996 to 2016},\\n type = {misc},\\n year = {2019},\\n source = {Science of the Total Environment},\\n keywords = {Heavy metals,Lead (Pb),Meta-analysis,Multimedia exposure assessment,Random effects model,Systematic review},\\n volume = {694},\\n month = {12},\\n publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},\\n day = {1},\\n id = {2d4be7e4-fb32-3223-b867-b5bf0fb1aa27},\\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:00.770Z},\\n file_attached = {true},\\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:05.757Z},\\n read = {false},\\n starred = {false},\\n authored = {false},\\n confirmed = {false},\\n hidden = {false},\\n private_publication = {false},\\n abstract = {Environmental lead (Pb) contamination is a persistent public health issue that prominently impacts communities across the United States. Multimedia Pb exposure assessments are utilized to provide a holistic evaluation of Pb exposure and inform the development of programs and regulations that are protective of human health. To conduct multimedia exposure assessments, robust, media-specific environmental Pb concentration data are necessary. To support this effort, systematic review and meta-analysis methods were used to conduct a comprehensive synthesis of research measuring Pb in multiple environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) over a 20-year period within the United States. The breadth of the resulting database allowed for the evaluation of sample characteristics that can serve as indicators of environmental Pb contamination. Random effects models run on literature and national survey datasets generated overall mean estimates of Pb concentrations that can be used for multimedia Pb exposure modeling for general and high-exposure-risk populations. Results from our study highlighted several important trends: 1) The mean estimate of Pb in residential soils is three times higher for urbanized areas than non-urbanized areas; 2) The mean estimate of Pb in produce reported in the literature is approximately three orders of magnitude greater than commercially-sourced raw produce monitored in national surveys; 3) The mean estimate of Pb in soils from shooting ranges is two times greater than non-residential Pb contaminated Superfund sites reported in the literature; 4) Research reporting environmental Pb concentrations for school and daycare sites is very limited; 5) Inconsistent sample collection and reporting of results limited synthesis efforts; and 6) The U.S. EPA's Air Quality System was the most robust, publicly available national survey resource. Results from these analyses will inform future multimedia Pb exposure assessments and be useful in prioritizing future research and program development.},\\n bibtype = {misc},\\n author = {Frank, Jessica J. and Poulakos, Antonios G. and Tornero-Velez, Rogelio and Xue, Jianping},\\n doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.295}\\n}\",\"author_short\":[\"Frank,  J., J.\",\"Poulakos,  A., G.\",\"Tornero-Velez,  R.\",\"Xue,  J.\"],\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/7d9283d0-0f8b-113b-0e4f-590b38a68653/Frank_et_al_2019_Pb_conc_environment_media_review_meta_analyses.pdf.pdf\"},\"biburl\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"bibbaseid\":\"frank-poulakos-tornerovelez-xue-systematicreviewandmetaanalysesofleadpbconcentrationsinenvironmentalmediasoildustwaterfoodandairreportedintheunitedstatesfrom1996to2016-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"keyword\":[\"Heavy metals\",\"Lead (Pb)\",\"Meta-analysis\",\"Multimedia exposure assessment\",\"Random effects model\",\"Systematic review\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Trace metal enrichment observed in soils around a coal fired power plant in South Africa\",\"type\":\"article\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"keywords\":\"Coal fired power plant,Soil pollution,Trace metals\",\"pages\":\"1-9\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"publisher\":\"National Association of Clean Air\",\"id\":\"84118736-cf92-36de-b871-da1e361a38a9\",\"created\":\"2026-03-25T14:31:01.358Z\",\"file_attached\":\"true\",\"profile_id\":\"888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"group_id\":\"9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b\",\"last_modified\":\"2026-03-25T14:31:06.057Z\",\"read\":false,\"starred\":false,\"authored\":false,\"confirmed\":false,\"hidden\":false,\"private_publication\":false,\"abstract\":\"A site assessment was conducted at a coal fired power plant in South Africa to determine whether surrounding soils were being enriched with trace metals resulting from activities at the power plant. It was found that deposition of fly ash from the flue stacks and the ash dump along with deposition of coal dust from the coal stock yard were the activities most likely to lead to such enrichment. Eighty topsoil samples were gathered and analysed for total metal content. Results were interpreted within the context of background values. It was found that concentrations of As, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb exceeded local screening levels, but only As and Pb could be confidently attributed to anthropogenic intervention and actual enrichment.\",\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Dalton, Amaris and Feig, Gregor T. and Barber, Kaylin\",\"doi\":\"10.17159/2410-972X/2018/v28n2a1\",\"journal\":\"Clean Air Journal\",\"number\":\"2\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{\\n title = {Trace metal enrichment observed in soils around a coal fired power plant in South Africa},\\n type = {article},\\n year = {2018},\\n keywords = {Coal fired power plant,Soil pollution,Trace metals},\\n pages = {1-9},\\n volume = {28},\\n publisher = {National Association of Clean Air},\\n id = {84118736-cf92-36de-b871-da1e361a38a9},\\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:01.358Z},\\n file_attached = {true},\\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:06.057Z},\\n read = {false},\\n starred = {false},\\n authored = {false},\\n confirmed = {false},\\n hidden = {false},\\n private_publication = {false},\\n abstract = {A site assessment was conducted at a coal fired power plant in South Africa to determine whether surrounding soils were being enriched with trace metals resulting from activities at the power plant. It was found that deposition of fly ash from the flue stacks and the ash dump along with deposition of coal dust from the coal stock yard were the activities most likely to lead to such enrichment. Eighty topsoil samples were gathered and analysed for total metal content. Results were interpreted within the context of background values. It was found that concentrations of As, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb exceeded local screening levels, but only As and Pb could be confidently attributed to anthropogenic intervention and actual enrichment.},\\n bibtype = {article},\\n author = {Dalton, Amaris and Feig, Gregor T. and Barber, Kaylin},\\n doi = {10.17159/2410-972X/2018/v28n2a1},\\n journal = {Clean Air Journal},\\n number = {2}\\n}\",\"author_short\":[\"Dalton,  A.\",\"Feig,  G., T.\",\"Barber,  K.\"],\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/6558f55a-0dfb-0e2f-7a16-b7389bb6877f/2018_Dalton_Trace_metal_enrichment_observed_in_soils_around_a_coal_fired_power_plant_in_South_Africa.pdf.pdf\"},\"biburl\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dalton-feig-barber-tracemetalenrichmentobservedinsoilsaroundacoalfiredpowerplantinsouthafrica-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"keyword\":[\"Coal fired power plant\",\"Soil pollution\",\"Trace metals\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Accumulation of lead and manganese in soil along the N1 highway in the City of Cape Town after the banning of leaded petrol in South Africa\",\"type\":\"phdthesis\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"month\":\"4\",\"institution\":\"Cape Peninsula University of Technology\",\"id\":\"14fea1a0-5980-3370-b3ed-d2c99f96ce1d\",\"created\":\"2026-03-25T14:31:02.125Z\",\"file_attached\":\"true\",\"profile_id\":\"888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"group_id\":\"9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b\",\"last_modified\":\"2026-03-25T16:00:17.005Z\",\"read\":\"true\",\"starred\":false,\"authored\":false,\"confirmed\":false,\"hidden\":false,\"user_context\":\"MSc Thesis\",\"private_publication\":false,\"bibtype\":\"phdthesis\",\"author\":\"Fon Mbakwa, Emmanuel\",\"bibtex\":\"@phdthesis{\\n title = {Accumulation of lead and manganese in soil along the N1 highway in the City of Cape Town after the banning of leaded petrol in South Africa},\\n type = {phdthesis},\\n year = {2015},\\n month = {4},\\n institution = {Cape Peninsula University of Technology},\\n id = {14fea1a0-5980-3370-b3ed-d2c99f96ce1d},\\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:02.125Z},\\n file_attached = {true},\\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T16:00:17.005Z},\\n read = {true},\\n starred = {false},\\n authored = {false},\\n confirmed = {false},\\n hidden = {false},\\n user_context = {MSc Thesis},\\n private_publication = {false},\\n bibtype = {phdthesis},\\n author = {Fon Mbakwa, Emmanuel}\\n}\",\"author_short\":[\"Fon Mbakwa,  E.\"],\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/53e59d45-31b3-0709-3d6c-d1c0c4e68b03/2015_Mbakwa_Accumulation_of_lead_and_manganese_in_soil_along_the_N1_highway_in_the_City_of_Cape_Town_after_the_banning_o.pdf.pdf\"},\"biburl\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fonmbakwa-accumulationofleadandmanganeseinsoilalongthen1highwayinthecityofcapetownafterthebanningofleadedpetrolinsouthafrica-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Identification of sources of environmental lead in South Africa from surface soil geochemical maps\",\"type\":\"article\",\"year\":\"2010\",\"keywords\":\"Bioavailability,Cadmium,Lead,Mehlich-3,Surface soil\",\"pages\":\"451-459\",\"volume\":\"32\",\"id\":\"eea1eecf-51f4-3110-9748-5d81fe850396\",\"created\":\"2026-03-25T14:31:02.769Z\",\"file_attached\":\"true\",\"profile_id\":\"888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"group_id\":\"9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b\",\"last_modified\":\"2026-03-25T14:31:07.370Z\",\"read\":false,\"starred\":false,\"authored\":false,\"confirmed\":false,\"hidden\":false,\"private_publication\":false,\"abstract\":\"The bioavailability of lead in soil is of considerable importance to human and animal health. Although selective extraction has been explored as a more appropriate technique than total heavy metal analysis in environmental pollution assessments, such studies remain scarce globally and are almost non-existent in developing countries. Results for a large-scale study of extractable lead levels in undisturbed soil samples in South Africa identify several geographic areas of concern. Lead levels are considerably elevated relative to background levels in the Johannesburg urban and industrial area. Areas of active lead mining also exhibit higher surface soil values. Interestingly, areas of active and intensive coal mining activity display relatively low soil Pb values, possibly attributable to the relatively low heavy metal content of South African coal. In all instances, distribution of cadmium, a carcinogenic element, correlates with that of lead. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the quick and easy Mehlich-3 single extractant technique, an established technique in micronutrient studies, to simultaneously provide valuable environmental data for toxic metals such as Pb and Cd. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.\",\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"author\":\"de Villiers, Stephanie and Thiart, Christien and Basson, Nicholas C.\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10653-010-9288-8\",\"journal\":\"Environmental Geochemistry and Health\",\"number\":\"5\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{\\n title = {Identification of sources of environmental lead in South Africa from surface soil geochemical maps},\\n type = {article},\\n year = {2010},\\n keywords = {Bioavailability,Cadmium,Lead,Mehlich-3,Surface soil},\\n pages = {451-459},\\n volume = {32},\\n id = {eea1eecf-51f4-3110-9748-5d81fe850396},\\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:02.769Z},\\n file_attached = {true},\\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:07.370Z},\\n read = {false},\\n starred = {false},\\n authored = {false},\\n confirmed = {false},\\n hidden = {false},\\n private_publication = {false},\\n abstract = {The bioavailability of lead in soil is of considerable importance to human and animal health. Although selective extraction has been explored as a more appropriate technique than total heavy metal analysis in environmental pollution assessments, such studies remain scarce globally and are almost non-existent in developing countries. Results for a large-scale study of extractable lead levels in undisturbed soil samples in South Africa identify several geographic areas of concern. Lead levels are considerably elevated relative to background levels in the Johannesburg urban and industrial area. Areas of active lead mining also exhibit higher surface soil values. Interestingly, areas of active and intensive coal mining activity display relatively low soil Pb values, possibly attributable to the relatively low heavy metal content of South African coal. In all instances, distribution of cadmium, a carcinogenic element, correlates with that of lead. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the quick and easy Mehlich-3 single extractant technique, an established technique in micronutrient studies, to simultaneously provide valuable environmental data for toxic metals such as Pb and Cd. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},\\n bibtype = {article},\\n author = {de Villiers, Stephanie and Thiart, Christien and Basson, Nicholas C.},\\n doi = {10.1007/s10653-010-9288-8},\\n journal = {Environmental Geochemistry and Health},\\n number = {5}\\n}\",\"author_short\":[\"de Villiers,  S.\",\"Thiart,  C.\",\"Basson,  N., C.\"],\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/108f82bd-0883-0385-00c2-ec48ee168e87/2010_Identification_of_sources_of_environmental_lead_in_South_Africa_from_soils_maps_de_Villiers_et_al.pdf.pdf\"},\"biburl\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"bibbaseid\":\"devilliers-thiart-basson-identificationofsourcesofenvironmentalleadinsouthafricafromsurfacesoilgeochemicalmaps-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"keyword\":[\"Bioavailability\",\"Cadmium\",\"Lead\",\"Mehlich-3\",\"Surface soil\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa\",\"type\":\"article\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"keywords\":\"Coal-fired power plant,Concentration factor,Enrichment factor,Geo-accumulation index,Heavy metals\",\"pages\":\"4686-4696\",\"volume\":\"21\",\"publisher\":\"Ecomed Publishers\",\"id\":\"9c0bcf72-eea6-3c58-b92e-a5bd0fdfa16d\",\"created\":\"2026-03-25T14:31:03.535Z\",\"file_attached\":\"true\",\"profile_id\":\"888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"group_id\":\"9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b\",\"last_modified\":\"2026-03-25T14:31:10.599Z\",\"read\":false,\"starred\":false,\"authored\":false,\"confirmed\":false,\"hidden\":false,\"private_publication\":false,\"abstract\":\"Nine metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, and Zn) were determined in soil and Digitaria eriantha plants within the vicinity of three coal power plants (Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal), using ICP-OES and GFAAS. The total metal concentration in soil ranged from 0.05 ± 0.02 to 1836 ± 70 μg g-1, 0.08 ± 0.05 to 1744 ± 29 μg g-1, and 0.07 ± 0.04 to 1735 ± 91 μg g-1 in Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal, respectively. Total metal concentration in the plant (D. eriantha) ranged from 0.005 ± 0.003 to 535 ± 43 μg g-1 in Matla, 0.002 ± 0.001 to 400 ± 269 μg g-1 in Lethabo, and 0.002 ± 0.001 to 4277 ± 201 μg g-1 in Rooiwal. Accumulation factors (A) of less than 1 (i.e., 0.003 to 0.37) at all power plants indicate a low transfer of metal from soil to plant (excluder). Enrichment factor values obtained (2.4-5.0) indicate that the soils are moderately enriched with the exception of Pb that had significant enrichment of 20. Geo-accumulation index (I-geo) values of metals indicate that the soils are moderately polluted (0.005-0.65), except for Pb that showed moderate to strong pollution (1.74-2.53). © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.\",\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Okedeyi, Olumuyiwa O. and Dube, Simiso and Awofolu, Omotayo R. and Nindi, Mathew M.\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11356-013-2432-0\",\"journal\":\"Environmental Science and Pollution Research\",\"number\":\"6\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{\\n title = {Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa},\\n type = {article},\\n year = {2014},\\n keywords = {Coal-fired power plant,Concentration factor,Enrichment factor,Geo-accumulation index,Heavy metals},\\n pages = {4686-4696},\\n volume = {21},\\n publisher = {Ecomed Publishers},\\n id = {9c0bcf72-eea6-3c58-b92e-a5bd0fdfa16d},\\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:03.535Z},\\n file_attached = {true},\\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:10.599Z},\\n read = {false},\\n starred = {false},\\n authored = {false},\\n confirmed = {false},\\n hidden = {false},\\n private_publication = {false},\\n abstract = {Nine metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, and Zn) were determined in soil and Digitaria eriantha plants within the vicinity of three coal power plants (Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal), using ICP-OES and GFAAS. The total metal concentration in soil ranged from 0.05 ± 0.02 to 1836 ± 70 μg g-1, 0.08 ± 0.05 to 1744 ± 29 μg g-1, and 0.07 ± 0.04 to 1735 ± 91 μg g-1 in Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal, respectively. Total metal concentration in the plant (D. eriantha) ranged from 0.005 ± 0.003 to 535 ± 43 μg g-1 in Matla, 0.002 ± 0.001 to 400 ± 269 μg g-1 in Lethabo, and 0.002 ± 0.001 to 4277 ± 201 μg g-1 in Rooiwal. Accumulation factors (A) of less than 1 (i.e., 0.003 to 0.37) at all power plants indicate a low transfer of metal from soil to plant (excluder). Enrichment factor values obtained (2.4-5.0) indicate that the soils are moderately enriched with the exception of Pb that had significant enrichment of 20. Geo-accumulation index (I-geo) values of metals indicate that the soils are moderately polluted (0.005-0.65), except for Pb that showed moderate to strong pollution (1.74-2.53). © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},\\n bibtype = {article},\\n author = {Okedeyi, Olumuyiwa O. and Dube, Simiso and Awofolu, Omotayo R. and Nindi, Mathew M.},\\n doi = {10.1007/s11356-013-2432-0},\\n journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},\\n number = {6}\\n}\",\"author_short\":[\"Okedeyi,  O., O.\",\"Dube,  S.\",\"Awofolu,  O., R.\",\"Nindi,  M., M.\"],\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/071e03ee-f57b-04cf-5851-a8a3b43690df/2014_Okedeyi_Assessing_the_enrichment_of_heavy_metals_in_surface_soil_and_plant_Digitaria_eriantha_around_coal_fired_pow.pdf.pdf\"},\"biburl\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5\",\"bibbaseid\":\"okedeyi-dube-awofolu-nindi-assessingtheenrichmentofheavymetalsinsurfacesoilandplantdigitariaerianthaaroundcoalfiredpowerplantsinsouthafrica-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"keyword\":[\"Coal-fired power plant\",\"Concentration factor\",\"Enrichment factor\",\"Geo-accumulation index\",\"Heavy metals\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"authorlinks\":{}},\n      ownerID: undefined\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing and then restoring');\n    site$ = $;\n    $ = null;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  if (site$) {\n    console.log('existing jquery: avoiding conflict and restoring');\n    bb$ = $.noConflict(true);\n    $ = site$;\n  } else {\n    bb$ = $;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"//bibbase.org/js/bibbase.min.js\"\n          type=\"text/javascript\">\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\"\n          src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/x-mathjax-config\">\n    MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\\\(','\\\\)']]},\n                        skipTags: [\"body\"],\n                        processClass: \"bibbase_paper\"});\n  </script>\n\n  <style>\n  @media print {\n    .dontprint {\n        display: none !important;\n    }\n\n  .bibbase_group {\n    background-color: #E0E0E0;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: larger;\n    text-shadow: 0px 0px 3px #FFFFFF;\n    border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -webkit-border-radius: 4px;\n    padding: 5px 40px 5px;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n  }\n\n  .bibbase_paper {\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n  }\n\n  }\n  </style>\n\n  \n  <div style=\"float: right; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: right; font-size: 12px\">\n    generated by\n    <a href=\"//bibbase.org\"\n       onclick=\"trackOutboundLink('bibbase', 'logo clicked', window.location.href, '//bibbase.org'); return false;\">\n      <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/logo.svg\"\n           style=\"vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 3px; height: 16px;\"/\n           alt=\"bibbase.org\"\n           title=\"BibBase – The easiest way to maintain your publications page.\"\n        ></a>\n    \n  </div>\n  \n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_header\" class=\"dontprint\" style=\"\">\n\n    <ul class=\"nav nav-pills\" style=\"margin: 0px;\">\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"groupby_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\">\n          Group by\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li class=\"groupby year\"><a onclick=\"groupby('year')\">\n            Year</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby author\"><a onclick=\"groupby('author_short')\">\n            Author</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby type\"><a onclick=\"groupby('type')\">\n            Type</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby keyword\"><a onclick=\"groupby('keyword')\">\n            Keyword</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby downloads\"><a onclick=\"groupby('downloads')\">\n            Downloads</a>\n        </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"menu_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\" alt=\"controls\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-reorder\" alt=\"controls\"></i>\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li>\n          <a onclick=\"toggleAll()\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-chevron-down fa-fw\"></i> Expand/Collapse All\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a download=\"all.bib\" href=\"data:text/bibtex;base64,@article{
 title = {Metal concentrations in vicinity of a cement factory NW province},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 id = {706e0205-3cda-3dba-bd16-f462766f895f},
 created = {2026-03-25T14:31:00.104Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},
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 last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:51:22.991Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
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@misc{
 title = {Systematic review and meta-analyses of lead (Pb) concentrations in environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) reported in the United States from 1996 to 2016},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2019},
 source = {Science of the Total Environment},
 keywords = {Heavy metals,Lead (Pb),Meta-analysis,Multimedia exposure assessment,Random effects model,Systematic review},
 volume = {694},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {2d4be7e4-fb32-3223-b867-b5bf0fb1aa27},
 created = {2026-03-25T14:31:00.770Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},
 group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},
 last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:05.757Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Environmental lead (Pb) contamination is a persistent public health issue that prominently impacts communities across the United States. Multimedia Pb exposure assessments are utilized to provide a holistic evaluation of Pb exposure and inform the development of programs and regulations that are protective of human health. To conduct multimedia exposure assessments, robust, media-specific environmental Pb concentration data are necessary. To support this effort, systematic review and meta-analysis methods were used to conduct a comprehensive synthesis of research measuring Pb in multiple environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) over a 20-year period within the United States. The breadth of the resulting database allowed for the evaluation of sample characteristics that can serve as indicators of environmental Pb contamination. Random effects models run on literature and national survey datasets generated overall mean estimates of Pb concentrations that can be used for multimedia Pb exposure modeling for general and high-exposure-risk populations. Results from our study highlighted several important trends: 1) The mean estimate of Pb in residential soils is three times higher for urbanized areas than non-urbanized areas; 2) The mean estimate of Pb in produce reported in the literature is approximately three orders of magnitude greater than commercially-sourced raw produce monitored in national surveys; 3) The mean estimate of Pb in soils from shooting ranges is two times greater than non-residential Pb contaminated Superfund sites reported in the literature; 4) Research reporting environmental Pb concentrations for school and daycare sites is very limited; 5) Inconsistent sample collection and reporting of results limited synthesis efforts; and 6) The U.S. EPA's Air Quality System was the most robust, publicly available national survey resource. Results from these analyses will inform future multimedia Pb exposure assessments and be useful in prioritizing future research and program development.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Frank, Jessica J. and Poulakos, Antonios G. and Tornero-Velez, Rogelio and Xue, Jianping},
 doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.295}
}

@article{
 title = {Trace metal enrichment observed in soils around a coal fired power plant in South Africa},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Coal fired power plant,Soil pollution,Trace metals},
 pages = {1-9},
 volume = {28},
 publisher = {National Association of Clean Air},
 id = {84118736-cf92-36de-b871-da1e361a38a9},
 created = {2026-03-25T14:31:01.358Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},
 group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},
 last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:06.057Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A site assessment was conducted at a coal fired power plant in South Africa to determine whether surrounding soils were being enriched with trace metals resulting from activities at the power plant. It was found that deposition of fly ash from the flue stacks and the ash dump along with deposition of coal dust from the coal stock yard were the activities most likely to lead to such enrichment. Eighty topsoil samples were gathered and analysed for total metal content. Results were interpreted within the context of background values. It was found that concentrations of As, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb exceeded local screening levels, but only As and Pb could be confidently attributed to anthropogenic intervention and actual enrichment.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Dalton, Amaris and Feig, Gregor T. and Barber, Kaylin},
 doi = {10.17159/2410-972X/2018/v28n2a1},
 journal = {Clean Air Journal},
 number = {2}
}

@phdthesis{
 title = {Accumulation of lead and manganese in soil along the N1 highway in the City of Cape Town after the banning of leaded petrol in South Africa},
 type = {phdthesis},
 year = {2015},
 month = {4},
 institution = {Cape Peninsula University of Technology},
 id = {14fea1a0-5980-3370-b3ed-d2c99f96ce1d},
 created = {2026-03-25T14:31:02.125Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},
 group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},
 last_modified = {2026-03-25T16:00:17.005Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 user_context = {MSc Thesis},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {phdthesis},
 author = {Fon Mbakwa, Emmanuel}
}

@article{
 title = {Identification of sources of environmental lead in South Africa from surface soil geochemical maps},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 keywords = {Bioavailability,Cadmium,Lead,Mehlich-3,Surface soil},
 pages = {451-459},
 volume = {32},
 id = {eea1eecf-51f4-3110-9748-5d81fe850396},
 created = {2026-03-25T14:31:02.769Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},
 group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},
 last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:07.370Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The bioavailability of lead in soil is of considerable importance to human and animal health. Although selective extraction has been explored as a more appropriate technique than total heavy metal analysis in environmental pollution assessments, such studies remain scarce globally and are almost non-existent in developing countries. Results for a large-scale study of extractable lead levels in undisturbed soil samples in South Africa identify several geographic areas of concern. Lead levels are considerably elevated relative to background levels in the Johannesburg urban and industrial area. Areas of active lead mining also exhibit higher surface soil values. Interestingly, areas of active and intensive coal mining activity display relatively low soil Pb values, possibly attributable to the relatively low heavy metal content of South African coal. In all instances, distribution of cadmium, a carcinogenic element, correlates with that of lead. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the quick and easy Mehlich-3 single extractant technique, an established technique in micronutrient studies, to simultaneously provide valuable environmental data for toxic metals such as Pb and Cd. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {de Villiers, Stephanie and Thiart, Christien and Basson, Nicholas C.},
 doi = {10.1007/s10653-010-9288-8},
 journal = {Environmental Geochemistry and Health},
 number = {5}
}

@article{
 title = {Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {Coal-fired power plant,Concentration factor,Enrichment factor,Geo-accumulation index,Heavy metals},
 pages = {4686-4696},
 volume = {21},
 publisher = {Ecomed Publishers},
 id = {9c0bcf72-eea6-3c58-b92e-a5bd0fdfa16d},
 created = {2026-03-25T14:31:03.535Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},
 group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},
 last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:10.599Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Nine metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, and Zn) were determined in soil and Digitaria eriantha plants within the vicinity of three coal power plants (Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal), using ICP-OES and GFAAS. The total metal concentration in soil ranged from 0.05 ± 0.02 to 1836 ± 70 μg g-1, 0.08 ± 0.05 to 1744 ± 29 μg g-1, and 0.07 ± 0.04 to 1735 ± 91 μg g-1 in Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal, respectively. Total metal concentration in the plant (D. eriantha) ranged from 0.005 ± 0.003 to 535 ± 43 μg g-1 in Matla, 0.002 ± 0.001 to 400 ± 269 μg g-1 in Lethabo, and 0.002 ± 0.001 to 4277 ± 201 μg g-1 in Rooiwal. Accumulation factors (A) of less than 1 (i.e., 0.003 to 0.37) at all power plants indicate a low transfer of metal from soil to plant (excluder). Enrichment factor values obtained (2.4-5.0) indicate that the soils are moderately enriched with the exception of Pb that had significant enrichment of 20. Geo-accumulation index (I-geo) values of metals indicate that the soils are moderately polluted (0.005-0.65), except for Pb that showed moderate to strong pollution (1.74-2.53). © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Okedeyi, Olumuyiwa O. and Dube, Simiso and Awofolu, Omotayo R. and Nindi, Mathew M.},
 doi = {10.1007/s11356-013-2432-0},
 journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
 number = {6}
}\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-download fa-fw\"></i> Download BibTeX\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"//bibbase.org/rss?bib=\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-rss fa-fw\"></i> RSS Feed\n          </a>\n          </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n      \n\n\n      \n    </ul>\n\n\n    <div class=\"alert alert-success bibbase_msg\" id=\"bibbase_msg_embed\"\n         style=\"display: none;\">\n\n      Excellent! 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In order to keep using Mendeley with BibBase past April\n        14th, you need to:\n        <ol>\n          <li>renew the authorization for BibBase on Mendeley, and</li>\n          <li>update the BibBase URL\n            in your page the same way you did when you initially set up\n            this page.\n          </li>\n        </ol>\n      </p>\n\n      <p>\n        <a href=\"http://bibbase.org/cgi-bin/mendeley2/get.py\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\"></i>\n          Fix it now</a>\n      </p>\n    </div>\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_body\">\n    \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2019\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2019</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"frank-poulakos-tornerovelez-xue-systematicreviewandmetaanalysesofleadpbconcentrationsinenvironmentalmediasoildustwaterfoodandairreportedintheunitedstatesfrom1996to2016-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/7d9283d0-0f8b-113b-0e4f-590b38a68653/Frank_et_al_2019_Pb_conc_environment_media_review_meta_analyses.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'frank-poulakos-tornerovelez-xue-systematicreviewandmetaanalysesofleadpbconcentrationsinenvironmentalmediasoildustwaterfoodandairreportedintheunitedstatesfrom1996to2016-2019', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/7d9283d0-0f8b-113b-0e4f-590b38a68653/Frank_et_al_2019_Pb_conc_environment_media_review_meta_analyses.pdf.pdf', event);\">\n    Systematic review and meta-analyses of lead (Pb) concentrations in environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) reported in the United States from 1996 to 2016.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Frank,  J., J.; Poulakos,  A., G.; Tornero-Velez,  R.;  and Xue,  J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  12 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/7d9283d0-0f8b-113b-0e4f-590b38a68653/Frank_et_al_2019_Pb_conc_environment_media_review_meta_analyses.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('frank-poulakos-tornerovelez-xue-systematicreviewandmetaanalysesofleadpbconcentrationsinenvironmentalmediasoildustwaterfoodandairreportedintheunitedstatesfrom1996to2016-2019', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/7d9283d0-0f8b-113b-0e4f-590b38a68653/Frank_et_al_2019_Pb_conc_environment_media_review_meta_analyses.pdf.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Systematic review and meta-analyses of lead (Pb) concentrations in environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) reported in the United States from 1996 to 2016 [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.295\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('frank-poulakos-tornerovelez-xue-systematicreviewandmetaanalysesofleadpbconcentrationsinenvironmentalmediasoildustwaterfoodandairreportedintheunitedstatesfrom1996to2016-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.295', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/frank-poulakos-tornerovelez-xue-systematicreviewandmetaanalysesofleadpbconcentrationsinenvironmentalmediasoildustwaterfoodandairreportedintheunitedstatesfrom1996to2016-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('frank-poulakos-tornerovelez-xue-systematicreviewandmetaanalysesofleadpbconcentrationsinenvironmentalmediasoildustwaterfoodandairreportedintheunitedstatesfrom1996to2016-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{\n title = {Systematic review and meta-analyses of lead (Pb) concentrations in environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) reported in the United States from 1996 to 2016},\n type = {misc},\n year = {2019},\n source = {Science of the Total Environment},\n keywords = {Heavy metals,Lead (Pb),Meta-analysis,Multimedia exposure assessment,Random effects model,Systematic review},\n volume = {694},\n month = {12},\n publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},\n day = {1},\n id = {2d4be7e4-fb32-3223-b867-b5bf0fb1aa27},\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:00.770Z},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:05.757Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n private_publication = {false},\n abstract = {Environmental lead (Pb) contamination is a persistent public health issue that prominently impacts communities across the United States. Multimedia Pb exposure assessments are utilized to provide a holistic evaluation of Pb exposure and inform the development of programs and regulations that are protective of human health. To conduct multimedia exposure assessments, robust, media-specific environmental Pb concentration data are necessary. To support this effort, systematic review and meta-analysis methods were used to conduct a comprehensive synthesis of research measuring Pb in multiple environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) over a 20-year period within the United States. The breadth of the resulting database allowed for the evaluation of sample characteristics that can serve as indicators of environmental Pb contamination. Random effects models run on literature and national survey datasets generated overall mean estimates of Pb concentrations that can be used for multimedia Pb exposure modeling for general and high-exposure-risk populations. Results from our study highlighted several important trends: 1) The mean estimate of Pb in residential soils is three times higher for urbanized areas than non-urbanized areas; 2) The mean estimate of Pb in produce reported in the literature is approximately three orders of magnitude greater than commercially-sourced raw produce monitored in national surveys; 3) The mean estimate of Pb in soils from shooting ranges is two times greater than non-residential Pb contaminated Superfund sites reported in the literature; 4) Research reporting environmental Pb concentrations for school and daycare sites is very limited; 5) Inconsistent sample collection and reporting of results limited synthesis efforts; and 6) The U.S. EPA&#x27;s Air Quality System was the most robust, publicly available national survey resource. Results from these analyses will inform future multimedia Pb exposure assessments and be useful in prioritizing future research and program development.},\n bibtype = {misc},\n author = {Frank, Jessica J. and Poulakos, Antonios G. and Tornero-Velez, Rogelio and Xue, Jianping},\n doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.295}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Environmental lead (Pb) contamination is a persistent public health issue that prominently impacts communities across the United States. Multimedia Pb exposure assessments are utilized to provide a holistic evaluation of Pb exposure and inform the development of programs and regulations that are protective of human health. To conduct multimedia exposure assessments, robust, media-specific environmental Pb concentration data are necessary. To support this effort, systematic review and meta-analysis methods were used to conduct a comprehensive synthesis of research measuring Pb in multiple environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) over a 20-year period within the United States. The breadth of the resulting database allowed for the evaluation of sample characteristics that can serve as indicators of environmental Pb contamination. Random effects models run on literature and national survey datasets generated overall mean estimates of Pb concentrations that can be used for multimedia Pb exposure modeling for general and high-exposure-risk populations. Results from our study highlighted several important trends: 1) The mean estimate of Pb in residential soils is three times higher for urbanized areas than non-urbanized areas; 2) The mean estimate of Pb in produce reported in the literature is approximately three orders of magnitude greater than commercially-sourced raw produce monitored in national surveys; 3) The mean estimate of Pb in soils from shooting ranges is two times greater than non-residential Pb contaminated Superfund sites reported in the literature; 4) Research reporting environmental Pb concentrations for school and daycare sites is very limited; 5) Inconsistent sample collection and reporting of results limited synthesis efforts; and 6) The U.S. EPA's Air Quality System was the most robust, publicly available national survey resource. Results from these analyses will inform future multimedia Pb exposure assessments and be useful in prioritizing future research and program development.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2018\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2018</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dalton-feig-barber-tracemetalenrichmentobservedinsoilsaroundacoalfiredpowerplantinsouthafrica-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/6558f55a-0dfb-0e2f-7a16-b7389bb6877f/2018_Dalton_Trace_metal_enrichment_observed_in_soils_around_a_coal_fired_power_plant_in_South_Africa.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'dalton-feig-barber-tracemetalenrichmentobservedinsoilsaroundacoalfiredpowerplantinsouthafrica-2018', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/6558f55a-0dfb-0e2f-7a16-b7389bb6877f/2018_Dalton_Trace_metal_enrichment_observed_in_soils_around_a_coal_fired_power_plant_in_South_Africa.pdf.pdf', event);\">\n    Trace metal enrichment observed in soils around a coal fired power plant in South Africa.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dalton,  A.; Feig,  G., T.;  and Barber,  K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Clean Air Journal</i>, 28(2): 1-9.  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/6558f55a-0dfb-0e2f-7a16-b7389bb6877f/2018_Dalton_Trace_metal_enrichment_observed_in_soils_around_a_coal_fired_power_plant_in_South_Africa.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dalton-feig-barber-tracemetalenrichmentobservedinsoilsaroundacoalfiredpowerplantinsouthafrica-2018', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/6558f55a-0dfb-0e2f-7a16-b7389bb6877f/2018_Dalton_Trace_metal_enrichment_observed_in_soils_around_a_coal_fired_power_plant_in_South_Africa.pdf.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Trace metal enrichment observed in soils around a coal fired power plant in South Africa [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.17159/2410-972X/2018/v28n2a1\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dalton-feig-barber-tracemetalenrichmentobservedinsoilsaroundacoalfiredpowerplantinsouthafrica-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.17159/2410-972X/2018/v28n2a1', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dalton-feig-barber-tracemetalenrichmentobservedinsoilsaroundacoalfiredpowerplantinsouthafrica-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dalton-feig-barber-tracemetalenrichmentobservedinsoilsaroundacoalfiredpowerplantinsouthafrica-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{\n title = {Trace metal enrichment observed in soils around a coal fired power plant in South Africa},\n type = {article},\n year = {2018},\n keywords = {Coal fired power plant,Soil pollution,Trace metals},\n pages = {1-9},\n volume = {28},\n publisher = {National Association of Clean Air},\n id = {84118736-cf92-36de-b871-da1e361a38a9},\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:01.358Z},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:06.057Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n private_publication = {false},\n abstract = {A site assessment was conducted at a coal fired power plant in South Africa to determine whether surrounding soils were being enriched with trace metals resulting from activities at the power plant. It was found that deposition of fly ash from the flue stacks and the ash dump along with deposition of coal dust from the coal stock yard were the activities most likely to lead to such enrichment. Eighty topsoil samples were gathered and analysed for total metal content. Results were interpreted within the context of background values. It was found that concentrations of As, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb exceeded local screening levels, but only As and Pb could be confidently attributed to anthropogenic intervention and actual enrichment.},\n bibtype = {article},\n author = {Dalton, Amaris and Feig, Gregor T. and Barber, Kaylin},\n doi = {10.17159/2410-972X/2018/v28n2a1},\n journal = {Clean Air Journal},\n number = {2}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A site assessment was conducted at a coal fired power plant in South Africa to determine whether surrounding soils were being enriched with trace metals resulting from activities at the power plant. It was found that deposition of fly ash from the flue stacks and the ash dump along with deposition of coal dust from the coal stock yard were the activities most likely to lead to such enrichment. Eighty topsoil samples were gathered and analysed for total metal content. Results were interpreted within the context of background values. It was found that concentrations of As, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb exceeded local screening levels, but only As and Pb could be confidently attributed to anthropogenic intervention and actual enrichment.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2015\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2015</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fonmbakwa-accumulationofleadandmanganeseinsoilalongthen1highwayinthecityofcapetownafterthebanningofleadedpetrolinsouthafrica-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/53e59d45-31b3-0709-3d6c-d1c0c4e68b03/2015_Mbakwa_Accumulation_of_lead_and_manganese_in_soil_along_the_N1_highway_in_the_City_of_Cape_Town_after_the_banning_o.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fonmbakwa-accumulationofleadandmanganeseinsoilalongthen1highwayinthecityofcapetownafterthebanningofleadedpetrolinsouthafrica-2015', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/53e59d45-31b3-0709-3d6c-d1c0c4e68b03/2015_Mbakwa_Accumulation_of_lead_and_manganese_in_soil_along_the_N1_highway_in_the_City_of_Cape_Town_after_the_banning_o.pdf.pdf', event);\">\n    Accumulation of lead and manganese in soil along the N1 highway in the City of Cape Town after the banning of leaded petrol in South Africa.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fon Mbakwa,  E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Ph.D. Thesis, 4 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/53e59d45-31b3-0709-3d6c-d1c0c4e68b03/2015_Mbakwa_Accumulation_of_lead_and_manganese_in_soil_along_the_N1_highway_in_the_City_of_Cape_Town_after_the_banning_o.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fonmbakwa-accumulationofleadandmanganeseinsoilalongthen1highwayinthecityofcapetownafterthebanningofleadedpetrolinsouthafrica-2015', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/53e59d45-31b3-0709-3d6c-d1c0c4e68b03/2015_Mbakwa_Accumulation_of_lead_and_manganese_in_soil_along_the_N1_highway_in_the_City_of_Cape_Town_after_the_banning_o.pdf.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Accumulation of lead and manganese in soil along the N1 highway in the City of Cape Town after the banning of leaded petrol in South Africa [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fonmbakwa-accumulationofleadandmanganeseinsoilalongthen1highwayinthecityofcapetownafterthebanningofleadedpetrolinsouthafrica-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fonmbakwa-accumulationofleadandmanganeseinsoilalongthen1highwayinthecityofcapetownafterthebanningofleadedpetrolinsouthafrica-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@phdthesis{\n title = {Accumulation of lead and manganese in soil along the N1 highway in the City of Cape Town after the banning of leaded petrol in South Africa},\n type = {phdthesis},\n year = {2015},\n month = {4},\n institution = {Cape Peninsula University of Technology},\n id = {14fea1a0-5980-3370-b3ed-d2c99f96ce1d},\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:02.125Z},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T16:00:17.005Z},\n read = {true},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n user_context = {MSc Thesis},\n private_publication = {false},\n bibtype = {phdthesis},\n author = {Fon Mbakwa, Emmanuel}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2014\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2014</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"okedeyi-dube-awofolu-nindi-assessingtheenrichmentofheavymetalsinsurfacesoilandplantdigitariaerianthaaroundcoalfiredpowerplantsinsouthafrica-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/071e03ee-f57b-04cf-5851-a8a3b43690df/2014_Okedeyi_Assessing_the_enrichment_of_heavy_metals_in_surface_soil_and_plant_Digitaria_eriantha_around_coal_fired_pow.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'okedeyi-dube-awofolu-nindi-assessingtheenrichmentofheavymetalsinsurfacesoilandplantdigitariaerianthaaroundcoalfiredpowerplantsinsouthafrica-2014', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/071e03ee-f57b-04cf-5851-a8a3b43690df/2014_Okedeyi_Assessing_the_enrichment_of_heavy_metals_in_surface_soil_and_plant_Digitaria_eriantha_around_coal_fired_pow.pdf.pdf', event);\">\n    Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Okedeyi,  O., O.; Dube,  S.; Awofolu,  O., R.;  and Nindi,  M., M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Environmental Science and Pollution Research</i>, 21(6): 4686-4696.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/071e03ee-f57b-04cf-5851-a8a3b43690df/2014_Okedeyi_Assessing_the_enrichment_of_heavy_metals_in_surface_soil_and_plant_Digitaria_eriantha_around_coal_fired_pow.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('okedeyi-dube-awofolu-nindi-assessingtheenrichmentofheavymetalsinsurfacesoilandplantdigitariaerianthaaroundcoalfiredpowerplantsinsouthafrica-2014', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/071e03ee-f57b-04cf-5851-a8a3b43690df/2014_Okedeyi_Assessing_the_enrichment_of_heavy_metals_in_surface_soil_and_plant_Digitaria_eriantha_around_coal_fired_pow.pdf.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2432-0\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('okedeyi-dube-awofolu-nindi-assessingtheenrichmentofheavymetalsinsurfacesoilandplantdigitariaerianthaaroundcoalfiredpowerplantsinsouthafrica-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2432-0', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/okedeyi-dube-awofolu-nindi-assessingtheenrichmentofheavymetalsinsurfacesoilandplantdigitariaerianthaaroundcoalfiredpowerplantsinsouthafrica-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('okedeyi-dube-awofolu-nindi-assessingtheenrichmentofheavymetalsinsurfacesoilandplantdigitariaerianthaaroundcoalfiredpowerplantsinsouthafrica-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{\n title = {Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa},\n type = {article},\n year = {2014},\n keywords = {Coal-fired power plant,Concentration factor,Enrichment factor,Geo-accumulation index,Heavy metals},\n pages = {4686-4696},\n volume = {21},\n publisher = {Ecomed Publishers},\n id = {9c0bcf72-eea6-3c58-b92e-a5bd0fdfa16d},\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:03.535Z},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:10.599Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n private_publication = {false},\n abstract = {Nine metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, and Zn) were determined in soil and Digitaria eriantha plants within the vicinity of three coal power plants (Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal), using ICP-OES and GFAAS. The total metal concentration in soil ranged from 0.05 ± 0.02 to 1836 ± 70 μg g-1, 0.08 ± 0.05 to 1744 ± 29 μg g-1, and 0.07 ± 0.04 to 1735 ± 91 μg g-1 in Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal, respectively. Total metal concentration in the plant (D. eriantha) ranged from 0.005 ± 0.003 to 535 ± 43 μg g-1 in Matla, 0.002 ± 0.001 to 400 ± 269 μg g-1 in Lethabo, and 0.002 ± 0.001 to 4277 ± 201 μg g-1 in Rooiwal. Accumulation factors (A) of less than 1 (i.e., 0.003 to 0.37) at all power plants indicate a low transfer of metal from soil to plant (excluder). Enrichment factor values obtained (2.4-5.0) indicate that the soils are moderately enriched with the exception of Pb that had significant enrichment of 20. Geo-accumulation index (I-geo) values of metals indicate that the soils are moderately polluted (0.005-0.65), except for Pb that showed moderate to strong pollution (1.74-2.53). © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},\n bibtype = {article},\n author = {Okedeyi, Olumuyiwa O. and Dube, Simiso and Awofolu, Omotayo R. and Nindi, Mathew M.},\n doi = {10.1007/s11356-013-2432-0},\n journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},\n number = {6}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Nine metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, and Zn) were determined in soil and Digitaria eriantha plants within the vicinity of three coal power plants (Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal), using ICP-OES and GFAAS. The total metal concentration in soil ranged from 0.05 ± 0.02 to 1836 ± 70 μg g-1, 0.08 ± 0.05 to 1744 ± 29 μg g-1, and 0.07 ± 0.04 to 1735 ± 91 μg g-1 in Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal, respectively. Total metal concentration in the plant (D. eriantha) ranged from 0.005 ± 0.003 to 535 ± 43 μg g-1 in Matla, 0.002 ± 0.001 to 400 ± 269 μg g-1 in Lethabo, and 0.002 ± 0.001 to 4277 ± 201 μg g-1 in Rooiwal. Accumulation factors (A) of less than 1 (i.e., 0.003 to 0.37) at all power plants indicate a low transfer of metal from soil to plant (excluder). Enrichment factor values obtained (2.4-5.0) indicate that the soils are moderately enriched with the exception of Pb that had significant enrichment of 20. Geo-accumulation index (I-geo) values of metals indicate that the soils are moderately polluted (0.005-0.65), except for Pb that showed moderate to strong pollution (1.74-2.53). © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2012\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2012</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"huyser-metalconcentrationsinvicinityofacementfactorynwprovince-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/50d24f94-f853-30c1-5f31-e055ac6681a3/2012_Huyser_Metal_concentrations_in_vicinity_of_a_cement_factory_NW_province.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'huyser-metalconcentrationsinvicinityofacementfactorynwprovince-2012', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/50d24f94-f853-30c1-5f31-e055ac6681a3/2012_Huyser_Metal_concentrations_in_vicinity_of_a_cement_factory_NW_province.pdf.pdf', event);\">\n    Metal concentrations in vicinity of a cement factory NW province.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Huyser\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  .  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/50d24f94-f853-30c1-5f31-e055ac6681a3/2012_Huyser_Metal_concentrations_in_vicinity_of_a_cement_factory_NW_province.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('huyser-metalconcentrationsinvicinityofacementfactorynwprovince-2012', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/50d24f94-f853-30c1-5f31-e055ac6681a3/2012_Huyser_Metal_concentrations_in_vicinity_of_a_cement_factory_NW_province.pdf.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Metal concentrations in vicinity of a cement factory NW province [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/huyser-metalconcentrationsinvicinityofacementfactorynwprovince-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('huyser-metalconcentrationsinvicinityofacementfactorynwprovince-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{\n title = {Metal concentrations in vicinity of a cement factory NW province},\n type = {article},\n year = {2012},\n id = {706e0205-3cda-3dba-bd16-f462766f895f},\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:00.104Z},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:51:22.991Z},\n read = {true},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n private_publication = {false},\n bibtype = {article},\n author = {Huyser, undefined}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2010\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2010</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"devilliers-thiart-basson-identificationofsourcesofenvironmentalleadinsouthafricafromsurfacesoilgeochemicalmaps-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/108f82bd-0883-0385-00c2-ec48ee168e87/2010_Identification_of_sources_of_environmental_lead_in_South_Africa_from_soils_maps_de_Villiers_et_al.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'devilliers-thiart-basson-identificationofsourcesofenvironmentalleadinsouthafricafromsurfacesoilgeochemicalmaps-2010', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/108f82bd-0883-0385-00c2-ec48ee168e87/2010_Identification_of_sources_of_environmental_lead_in_South_Africa_from_soils_maps_de_Villiers_et_al.pdf.pdf', event);\">\n    Identification of sources of environmental lead in South Africa from surface soil geochemical maps.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  de Villiers,  S.; Thiart,  C.;  and Basson,  N., C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Environmental Geochemistry and Health</i>, 32(5): 451-459.  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/108f82bd-0883-0385-00c2-ec48ee168e87/2010_Identification_of_sources_of_environmental_lead_in_South_Africa_from_soils_maps_de_Villiers_et_al.pdf.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('devilliers-thiart-basson-identificationofsourcesofenvironmentalleadinsouthafricafromsurfacesoilgeochemicalmaps-2010', 'https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5/file/108f82bd-0883-0385-00c2-ec48ee168e87/2010_Identification_of_sources_of_environmental_lead_in_South_Africa_from_soils_maps_de_Villiers_et_al.pdf.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Identification of sources of environmental lead in South Africa from surface soil geochemical maps [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-010-9288-8\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('devilliers-thiart-basson-identificationofsourcesofenvironmentalleadinsouthafricafromsurfacesoilgeochemicalmaps-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-010-9288-8', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/devilliers-thiart-basson-identificationofsourcesofenvironmentalleadinsouthafricafromsurfacesoilgeochemicalmaps-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('devilliers-thiart-basson-identificationofsourcesofenvironmentalleadinsouthafricafromsurfacesoilgeochemicalmaps-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{\n title = {Identification of sources of environmental lead in South Africa from surface soil geochemical maps},\n type = {article},\n year = {2010},\n keywords = {Bioavailability,Cadmium,Lead,Mehlich-3,Surface soil},\n pages = {451-459},\n volume = {32},\n id = {eea1eecf-51f4-3110-9748-5d81fe850396},\n created = {2026-03-25T14:31:02.769Z},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {888a38c0-e491-33b5-8ffc-688923d88fd5},\n group_id = {9671d29d-5274-3d2c-835f-e11dc2f58c8b},\n last_modified = {2026-03-25T14:31:07.370Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n private_publication = {false},\n abstract = {The bioavailability of lead in soil is of considerable importance to human and animal health. Although selective extraction has been explored as a more appropriate technique than total heavy metal analysis in environmental pollution assessments, such studies remain scarce globally and are almost non-existent in developing countries. Results for a large-scale study of extractable lead levels in undisturbed soil samples in South Africa identify several geographic areas of concern. Lead levels are considerably elevated relative to background levels in the Johannesburg urban and industrial area. Areas of active lead mining also exhibit higher surface soil values. Interestingly, areas of active and intensive coal mining activity display relatively low soil Pb values, possibly attributable to the relatively low heavy metal content of South African coal. In all instances, distribution of cadmium, a carcinogenic element, correlates with that of lead. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the quick and easy Mehlich-3 single extractant technique, an established technique in micronutrient studies, to simultaneously provide valuable environmental data for toxic metals such as Pb and Cd. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},\n bibtype = {article},\n author = {de Villiers, Stephanie and Thiart, Christien and Basson, Nicholas C.},\n doi = {10.1007/s10653-010-9288-8},\n journal = {Environmental Geochemistry and Health},\n number = {5}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The bioavailability of lead in soil is of considerable importance to human and animal health. Although selective extraction has been explored as a more appropriate technique than total heavy metal analysis in environmental pollution assessments, such studies remain scarce globally and are almost non-existent in developing countries. Results for a large-scale study of extractable lead levels in undisturbed soil samples in South Africa identify several geographic areas of concern. Lead levels are considerably elevated relative to background levels in the Johannesburg urban and industrial area. Areas of active lead mining also exhibit higher surface soil values. Interestingly, areas of active and intensive coal mining activity display relatively low soil Pb values, possibly attributable to the relatively low heavy metal content of South African coal. In all instances, distribution of cadmium, a carcinogenic element, correlates with that of lead. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the quick and easy Mehlich-3 single extractant technique, an established technique in micronutrient studies, to simultaneously provide valuable environmental data for toxic metals such as Pb and Cd. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);