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\n \n 2020\n \n \n (50)\n \n \n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Assessing the Jordan Compact One Year On: An Opportunity or a Barrier to Better Achieving Refugees’ Right to Work.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Meral, A. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Refugee Studies, 33(1): 42–61. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Assessing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{meral_assessing_2020,\n\ttitle = {Assessing the {Jordan} {Compact} {One} {Year} {On}: {An} {Opportunity} or a {Barrier} to {Better} {Achieving} {Refugees}’ {Right} to {Work}},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\tissn = {0951-6328},\n\tshorttitle = {Assessing the {Jordan} {Compact} {One} {Year} {On}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article/33/1/42/5607553},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jrs/fez074},\n\tabstract = {The international community can play a key role in assisting states to achieve the right to work for refugees. For example, they can provide financial and technical support to host states as well as influencing a more enabling legal and policy environment. The recent Jordan Compact agreed between Jordan and the international community in February 2016 is an example of the sphere of that influence. Such bilateral agreements between refugee-hosting states and donor states, regional blocs or the international community are an increasing occurrence, providing enormous resources and support for improving the socio-economic lives of refugees. Yet, to date, there has been no analysis of these compacts from the perspective of international human rights law and specifically the right to work for refugees. This article attempts to fill that gap. Drawing on international human rights law and using the Jordan Compact as a case study, it examines the extent to which such agreements can be an effective tool in better achieving refugees’ right to work.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Refugee Studies},\n\tauthor = {Meral, Amanda Gray},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Jordan, Syrian refugees, economic integration},\n\tpages = {42--61},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Area-based approaches: an alternative in contexts of urban displacement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schell, J.; Hilmi, M.; and Hirano, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Area-based$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{schell_area-based_2020,\n\ttitle = {Area-based approaches: an alternative in contexts of urban displacement},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/schell-hilmi-hirano},\n\tabstract = {A geographically focused, multi-sectoral, integrated approach is increasingly recognised as more appropriate when responding to the needs of both displaced and host populations, especially in urban contexts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Schell, James and Hilmi, Mohamed and Hirano, Seki},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Refugees, Uban and Local Government},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Jobs Interventions for Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schuettler, K.; and Caron, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Issue No. 47, World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Jobs$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{schuettler_jobs_2020,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttype = {Jobs {Working} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Jobs {Interventions} for {Refugees} and {Internally} {Displaced} {Persons}},\n\turl = {http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/467251592598151781/pdf/Jobs-Interventions-for-Refugees-and-Internally-Displaced-Persons.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) often struggle to integrate the labor market. Even where\nthey have the unrestricted right to work their labor market outcomes lag behind those of other groups, at\nleast in the short- to medium-term. This literature review brings together two strands of research to inform\nthe design of successful job interventions in this context: the evidence on how forced displacement impacts\nthose forcibly displaced in their economic lives and the existing knowledge on jobs interventions for\nrefugees and IDPs. The specific challenges that those forcibly displaced face on the labor market are linked\nto the loss of assets and separation from family members; the lack of skills required on the host labor market;\nthe impacts of forced displacement on their physical and mental health and their economic behavior (in\nterms of prospects and aspirations, risk-aversion and time horizon); their legal situation; a lack of social\nnetworks and discrimination as well as a high likelihood of excess supply on the labor market at destination.\nRigorous quasi-experimental or experimental evidence on jobs interventions for this target group is scarce\nand mainly focused on high-income countries. A review of the existing literature points to the importance\nof conducting thorough assessments of the demand and supply side of the labor market, including the legal\nsituation of those forcibly displaced and their perceptions and aspirations, before designing interventions.\nMaking up for lost assets through cash injections seems particularly important, together with other\ninterventions that tackle specific challenges that refugees and IDPs face. Changing when and how the right\nto work, residency status and freedom of movement are granted has important impacts on labor market\noutcomes. Intensive coaching and individualized assistance seem to help with matching. Even more so than\nother groups, those forcibly displaced face several constraints to access the labor market that call for\ncombined interventions. More rigorous research is needed in the future, notably on low- and middle-income\nhost countries, IDPs, demand side interventions and longer-term impacts.},\n\tnumber = {Issue No. 47},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Schuettler, Kirsten and Caron, Laura},\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) often struggle to integrate the labor market. Even where they have the unrestricted right to work their labor market outcomes lag behind those of other groups, at least in the short- to medium-term. This literature review brings together two strands of research to inform the design of successful job interventions in this context: the evidence on how forced displacement impacts those forcibly displaced in their economic lives and the existing knowledge on jobs interventions for refugees and IDPs. The specific challenges that those forcibly displaced face on the labor market are linked to the loss of assets and separation from family members; the lack of skills required on the host labor market; the impacts of forced displacement on their physical and mental health and their economic behavior (in terms of prospects and aspirations, risk-aversion and time horizon); their legal situation; a lack of social networks and discrimination as well as a high likelihood of excess supply on the labor market at destination. Rigorous quasi-experimental or experimental evidence on jobs interventions for this target group is scarce and mainly focused on high-income countries. A review of the existing literature points to the importance of conducting thorough assessments of the demand and supply side of the labor market, including the legal situation of those forcibly displaced and their perceptions and aspirations, before designing interventions. Making up for lost assets through cash injections seems particularly important, together with other interventions that tackle specific challenges that refugees and IDPs face. Changing when and how the right to work, residency status and freedom of movement are granted has important impacts on labor market outcomes. Intensive coaching and individualized assistance seem to help with matching. Even more so than other groups, those forcibly displaced face several constraints to access the labor market that call for combined interventions. More rigorous research is needed in the future, notably on low- and middle-income host countries, IDPs, demand side interventions and longer-term impacts.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Forced Migration and Human Capital: Evidence from Post-WWII Population Transfers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Becker, S. O.; Grosfeld, I.; Grosjean, P.; Voigtländer, N.; and Zhuravskaya, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n American Economic Review, 110(5): 1430–1463. May 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Forced$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{becker_forced_2020,\n\ttitle = {Forced {Migration} and {Human} {Capital}: {Evidence} from {Post}-{WWII} {Population} {Transfers}},\n\tvolume = {110},\n\tissn = {0002-8282},\n\tshorttitle = {Forced {Migration} and {Human} {Capital}},\n\turl = {https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20181518},\n\tdoi = {10.1257/aer.20181518},\n\tabstract = {We study the long-run effects of forced migration on investment in education. After World War II, millions of Poles were forcibly uprooted from the Kresy territories of eastern Poland and resettled ( primarily) in the newly acquired Western Territories, from which the Germans were expelled. We combine historical censuses with newly collected survey data to show that, while there were no pre-WWII differences in educational attainment, Poles with a family history of forced migration are significantly more educated today than other Poles. These results are driven by a shift in preferences away from material possessions toward investment in human capital.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {American Economic Review},\n\tauthor = {Becker, Sascha O. and Grosfeld, Irena and Grosjean, Pauline and Voigtländer, Nico and Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Education and Economic Development, Returns to Education, Human Capital, Labor Productivity, Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Europe: 1913-, Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Regional Migration, Neighborhood Characteristics, Occupational Choice, Population, Regional Labor Markets, Skills},\n\tpages = {1430--1463},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Applying camp management methods to urban displacement in Afghanistan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hirsch-Holland, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Applying$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hirsch-holland_applying_2020,\n\ttitle = {Applying camp management methods to urban displacement in {Afghanistan}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/hirschholland},\n\tabstract = {Applying key elements of the traditional camp management approach can enhance communication, community participation and coordination in out-of-camp urban contexts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Hirsch-Holland, Anna},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Afghanistan, Camp management, Forced displacement, Middle East, Urban and Local Government},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Active citizenship in Athens.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alkabbani, K.; Habbal, W.; and Western, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Active$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{alkabbani_active_2020,\n\ttitle = {Active citizenship in {Athens}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/alkabbani-habbal-western},\n\tabstract = {Members of the Athens-based Syrian and Greek Youth Forum explain how it provides a platform for active citizenship in the city.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Alkabbani, Kareem and Habbal, Wael and Western, Tom},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Asylum seekers, Greece, Host Community, Refugees, Urban and Local Government},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Different Kind of Pressure: The Cumulative Effects of Displacement and Return in Afghanistan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sydney, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, Geneva, January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sydney_different_2020,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttitle = {A {Different} {Kind} of {Pressure}: {The} {Cumulative} {Effects} of {Displacement} and {Return} in {Afghanistan}},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/a-different-kind-of-pressure-the-cumulative-effects-of-displacement-and-return-in},\n\tabstract = {Displacement in Afghanistan is both a historical and contemporary phenomenon. One in four Afghans have been displaced, and conflict triggered 372,000 new internal displacements in 2018. Attempted peace talks have failed to prevent civilian casualties reaching unprecedented levels. Despite this bleak picture, however, more than 3.3 million Afghans have returned from abroad since 2012.\n\nThis study, based on a non-representative survey with 120 displaced Afghans in Kabul, Herat and Nangarhar provinces, examines the drivers of displacement within and across borders, and explores obstacles and\nopportunities in terms of durable solutions for internally displaced people (IDPs) and returnees from abroad.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Sydney, Chloe},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Afghanistan, Host Community, IDPs, Iran, Pakistan, Socio-economic impacts},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A citywide programming approach in urban Bangladesh.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dutta, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{dutta_citywide_2020,\n\ttitle = {A citywide programming approach in urban {Bangladesh}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/dutta},\n\tabstract = {World Vision applied a citywide approach to reducing the prevalence of child labour and to protecting working children’s rights in four cities in Bangladesh. This approach offers lessons for others involved in urban programming.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Dutta, Bipasha},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Bangladesh, Childrens's rights, IDPs, Uban and Local Government},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A call to action: mobilising local resources in Ethiopia for urban IDPs.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Easton-Calabria, E.; Abadi, D.; and Gebremedhin, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{easton-calabria_call_2020,\n\ttitle = {A call to action: mobilising local resources in {Ethiopia} for urban {IDPs}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/eastoncalabria-abadi-gebremedhin},\n\tabstract = {Several lessons can be drawn from the successful multi-level response – by both local government and the local community – to the arrival of large numbers of IDPs in Adama, Ethiopia.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Easton-Calabria, Evan and Abadi, Delina and Gebremedhin, Gezahegn},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Africa, Ethiopia, IDPs, Uban and Local Government},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Places of refuge and risk: lessons from San Pedro Sula.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zapata, Y.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Places$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zapata_places_2020,\n\ttitle = {Places of refuge and risk: lessons from {San} {Pedro} {Sula}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/zapata},\n\tabstract = {The outcome of interventions in San Pedro Sula, Honduras, provides lessons for working in high-risk urban neighbourhoods and communities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Zapata, Yolanda},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Contested public authority in marginal urban areas: challenges for humanitarians.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n te Lintelo, D. J H; Ford, H.; Liptrot, T.; Mansour, W.; and Rahbany, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Contested$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{te_lintelo_contested_2020,\n\ttitle = {Contested public authority in marginal urban areas: challenges for humanitarians},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/telintelo-ford-liptrot-mansour-rahbany},\n\tabstract = {In urban contexts where multiple governance actors compete for authority, a clearer approach is needed on whether and how to engage these various actors in order to reach the most vulnerable host and refugee populations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {te Lintelo, Dolf J H and Ford, Hart and Liptrot, Tim and Mansour, Wissam and Rahbany, Aline},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Humanitarians, Jordan, Lebanon, Marginal Urban Areas},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Pakistan’s urban refugees: steps towards self-reliance.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Khan, M. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Pakistan’s$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{khan_pakistans_2020,\n\ttitle = {Pakistan’s urban refugees: steps towards self-reliance},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/abbaskhan},\n\tabstract = {Although Afghan refugees in Pakistan enjoy considerable freedom of movement and access to livelihoods, the absence of a national legal framework for refugee management creates challenges for urban refugees and local authorities alike.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Khan, Muhammad Abbas},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Improving information and communication to boost inclusion and self-reliance for urban refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Buffoni, L.; and Hopkins, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Improving$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{buffoni_improving_2020,\n\ttitle = {Improving information and communication to boost inclusion and self-reliance for urban refugees},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/buffoni-hopkins},\n\tabstract = {Evidence from a refugee community-led assessment in Nairobi shows that communication and information flows must be improved to build sustainable resilience and self-reliance among urban refugees.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Buffoni, Laura and Hopkins, Gail},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Invisibility and virality in urban shelter response.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n George, J. W.; and Hodgkin, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Invisibility$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{george_invisibility_2020,\n\ttitle = {Invisibility and virality in urban shelter response},\n\turl = {fmreview.org/cities/wardgeorge-hodgkin},\n\tabstract = {Humanitarian shelter responses should prioritise flexibility in order to accommodate diverse needs and capacities, particularly in the urban environment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {George, Jennifer Ward and Hodgkin, David},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cities as partners: the case of Kampala.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Saliba, S.; and Silver, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Cities$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{saliba_cities_2020,\n\ttitle = {Cities as partners: the case of {Kampala}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/saliba-silver},\n\tabstract = {The arrival of large numbers of refugees in western European cities since 2015 has spurred widespread endorsement of the role of these city governments in addressing displacement. Displacement to cities in other countries worldwide, however, also demands attention.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Saliba, Samer and Silver, Innocent},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Displacement, IDPs, Kampala, Refugee empowerment, Uganda},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The path of least resistance? EU cities and locally organised resettlement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sabchev, T.; and Baumgärtel, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{sabchev_path_2020,\n\ttitle = {The path of least resistance? {EU} cities and locally organised resettlement},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/sabchev-baumgartel},\n\tabstract = {The scaling up of locally organised, city-led routes to resettlement could form part of a larger solution to Europe’s current political crisis and deadlock around migration.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Sabchev, Tihomir and Baumgärtel, Moritz},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Women refugees, leisure space and the city.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Linn, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Women$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{linn_women_2020,\n\ttitle = {Women refugees, leisure space and the city},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/linn},\n\tabstract = {Research with refugee women in Amman and Beirut shows the importance of access to safe urban leisure space for well-being and integration.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Linn, Sarah},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Transformative climate action in cities.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gemenne, F.; Zickgraf, C.; Depoux, A.; Pettinotti, L.; Cavicchioli, A.; and Rosengaertner, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Transformative$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{gemenne_transformative_2020,\n\ttitle = {Transformative climate action in cities},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/gemenne-zickgraf-depoux-pettinotti-cavicchioli-rosengaertner},\n\tabstract = {A critical, but understudied, issue of concern is how climate change will affect migrant populations living in cities (including refugees and internally displaced people), and how local governance and actions to combat the effects of climate change will address migrants’ vulnerability and support their inclusion in cities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Gemenne, François and Zickgraf, Caroline and Depoux, Anneliese and Pettinotti, Laetitia and Cavicchioli, Agathe and Rosengaertner, Sarah},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Urban planning in times of displacement: secondary cities in Ukraine and Niger.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wetterwald, J.; and Thaller, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Urban$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{wetterwald_urban_2020,\n\ttitle = {Urban planning in times of displacement: secondary cities in {Ukraine} and {Niger}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/wetterwald-thaller},\n\tabstract = {Urban displacement can have a major impact on the local ecosystems of secondary towns and cities. In Niger and Ukraine, an area-based approach has proved effective in identifying priority needs and enabling a multi-stakeholder approach.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Wetterwald, Jeremy and Thaller, Louise},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Multi-stakeholder approach to urban displacement in Somalia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Taruri, M.; Bennison, L.; Kirubi, S.; and Galli, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Multi-stakeholder$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{taruri_multi-stakeholder_2020,\n\ttitle = {Multi-stakeholder approach to urban displacement in {Somalia}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/taruri-bennison-kirubi-galli},\n\tabstract = {Somalia’s cities are struggling to cope with the immediate and longer-term demands posed by their fast-growing populations and the arrival of people fleeing crises in rural areas. A multi-stakeholder, locally led response can help to sustainably address the challenges that arise.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Taruri, Mohamed and Bennison, Laura and Kirubi, Shezane and Galli, Aude},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Somalia, Urban displacement},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Urban planning for refugee housing: responding to urgent needs.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wolff, J. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Urban$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{wolff_urban_2020,\n\ttitle = {Urban planning for refugee housing: responding to urgent needs},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/wolff},\n\tabstract = {Hamburg’s urban planning model, developed in response to the arrival of large numbers of asylum seekers in 2015, offers a number of lessons for refugee housing policy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Wolff, Jessica Sadye},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Urban Response: Three Principles for Good Practice.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sanderson, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Urban$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{sanderson_urban_2020,\n\ttitle = {Urban {Response}: {Three} {Principles} for {Good} {Practice}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/sanderson},\n\tabstract = {A recent review identified three key principles for good practice in urban humanitarian response; taking these on board may help all actors to avoid wasting effort and missing opportunities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Sanderson, David},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Urban internal displacement: data and evidence.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Anzellini, V.; and Leduc, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Urban$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{anzellini_urban_2020,\n\ttitle = {Urban internal displacement: data and evidence},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/anzellini-leduc},\n\tabstract = {Securing accurate, useful data on urban displacement is a difficult yet essential task.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Anzellini, Vicente and Leduc, Clémence},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Foreword: Time for cities to take centre stage on forced migration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rees, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (63). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Foreword:$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{rees_foreword_2020,\n\ttitle = {Foreword: {Time} for cities to take centre stage on forced migration},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/cities/rees},\n\tabstract = {As Mayor of Bristol (a City of Sanctuary in the UK), I am glad to see this issue of FMR exploring the pivotal role of cities and towns in welcoming and protecting displaced people.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {63},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Rees, Marvin},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee Camp Population Estimates Using Automated Feature Extraction.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Green, B.; and Blanford, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@inproceedings{green_refugee_2020,\n\ttitle = {Refugee {Camp} {Population} {Estimates} {Using} {Automated} {Feature} {Extraction}},\n\turl = {https://hdl.handle.net/10125/64009},\n\tdoi = {10.24251/HICSS.2020.268},\n\tabstract = {Throughout 2018, approximately 68.5 million people were forcibly displaced due to armed conflict, generalized violence, or human rights violations around the world; of those, 40 million were internally displaced persons (IDP), 25.4 million refugees, and 3.1 million asylum-seekers. Effective management of refugee and IDP camps rely on accurate, up-to-date, and comprehensive population estimates. However, obtaining this information is not always easy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a methodology and custom toolset that estimates populations based on dwellings derived from automated feature extraction of high-resolution, multi-spectral orthorectified imagery. Estimates were determined for five Rohingya refugee camp populations and compared with United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR) baseline data to determine accuracy.},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 53rd {Hawaii} {International} {Conference} on {System} {Sciences}},\n\tauthor = {Green, Brandon and Blanford, Justine},\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Iraq's Universal Public Distribution System.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Phadera, L.; Sharma, D.; and Wai-Poi, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Iraq's$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{phadera_iraqs_2020,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Iraq's {Universal} {Public} {Distribution} {System}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33360},\n\tabstract = {Subsidized or free distribution of food \n            has been a central pillar of social protection programs in \n            many countries. With the number of forcibly displaced \n            persons at record levels, the question arises of whether \n            in-kind food transfer programs are effective in mitigating \n            the loss of welfare induced by forced displacement. This \n            paper examines whether Iraq’s Public Distribution System, a \n            universal food subsidy program, has buffered the impacts of \n            displacement on households. Using propensity score matching \n            to account for the observable differences between Public \n            Distribution System recipients and non-recipients, the \n            analysis finds that displaced households with continued \n            access to Public Distribution System benefits have higher \n            food and non-food expenditures compared with displaced \n            households that lost access. Likewise, the beneficiaries \n            have higher calorie intakes and are less vulnerable to \n            falling into poverty. However, displaced beneficiaries \n            remained significantly worse off and more vulnerable to \n            poverty than non-displaced households, suggesting that, \n            although the Public Distribution System helped mitigate \n            displacement to a degree, it may not be the most effective \n            protection program for such shocks. Given the considerable \n            resources the universal program consumes, it is vital to \n            think of alternative approaches, such as targeted cash \n            transfers, that might be more effective in protection and cost.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Phadera, Lokendra and Sharma, Dhiraj and Wai-Poi, Mathew},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.1596/1813-9450-9155},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Women and Girls in Internal Displacement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cazabat, C.; André, C.; Fung, V.; Montandon, R.; Patten, H.; Ponserre, S.; and Yasukawa, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, Geneva, March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Women$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{cazabat_women_2020,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttype = {Thematic {Series}},\n\ttitle = {Women and {Girls} in {Internal} {Displacement}},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/women-and-girls-in-internal-displacement},\n\tabstract = {More than half of the 41 million people worldwide living in internal displacement at the end of 2018 were women and girls. They experience displacement differently from men and boys, and face specific challenges that must be better understood to provide them with the support they need.\n\nThis report presents the first global, regional and national estimates of the number of women and girls living in a situation of internal displacement as a result of conflict and violence. Internal displacement situations associated with disasters are also discussed.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Cazabat, Christelle and André, Clémentine and Fung, Vincent and Montandon, Raphaëlla and Patten, Hamish and Ponserre, Sylvain and Yasukawa, Louisa},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Measuring the Costs of Internal Displacement on IDPs And Hosts: Case Studies in Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya And Somalia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cazabat, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, Geneva, Switzerland, January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Measuring$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{cazabat_measuring_2020,\n\taddress = {Geneva, Switzerland},\n\ttitle = {Measuring the {Costs} of {Internal} {Displacement} on {IDPs} {And} {Hosts}: {Case} {Studies} in {Eswatini}, {Ethiopia}, {Kenya} {And} {Somalia}},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/research-areas/economic-impacts-of-displacement},\n\tabstract = {Sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the most people living in internal displacement associated with conflict or violence, with nearly 16.5 million at the end of 2018. It is where most new displacement associated with conflict and violence occurred in 2018. Disasters also led to more than 2.5 million new displacements in 2018, a historical record.\n\nThis report presents estimates of the economic impacts of internal displacement on displaced people and host communities in Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. These estimates are based on the first standard survey developed to measure the financial consequences of internal displacement on livelihoods, housing, health, education and security.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Cazabat, Christelle},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Ethiopia, Host Community, IDPs, Internal displacement},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees and social capital: Evidence from Northern Lebanon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hager, A.; and Valasek, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report SP II 2020–301, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin, January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{hager_refugees_2020,\n\taddress = {Berlin},\n\ttitle = {Refugees and social capital: {Evidence} from {Northern} {Lebanon}},\n\turl = {https://cms.wzb.eu/en/research/markets-and-choice/economics-of-change/research-articles},\n\tabstract = {Despite numerous studies on the social and political impact of refugees in Europe,\nwe have very little systematic evidence on the impact of refugee settlement on\nsocial cohesion in the developing world. Using data gathered in Northern Lebanon,\nwe show that increased salience of the "refugee crisis" decreases natives' trust and\nprosocial preferences toward refugees, suggesting a negative impact of mass refugee settlement. However, this negative impact is driven exclusively by respondents with no individual exposure to refugees. In fact, despite concerns that refugee settlements may result in local conflict, we find that individual proximity to\nrefugees is positively correlated with trust towards refugees, and that proximity\nhas a positive spillover effect on social capital towards other migrants. This implies that, while the refugee crisis may have had a negative impact on social cohesion, this negative impact is mitigated in areas where natives are in contact with\nrefugees.},\n\tnumber = {SP II 2020–301},\n\tinstitution = {Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB)},\n\tauthor = {Hager, Anselm and Valasek, Justin},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Building Inter-Ethnic Cohesion in Schools: An Intervention on Perspective-Taking.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alan, S.; Baysan, C.; Gumren, M.; and Kubilay, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Global Working Group (HCEO), Chicago, IL, January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Building$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{alan_building_2020,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Building {Inter}-{Ethnic} {Cohesion} in {Schools}: {An} {Intervention} on {Perspective}-{Taking}},\n\turl = {https://hceconomics.uchicago.edu/research/working-paper/building-inter-ethnic-cohesion-schools-intervention-perspective-taking},\n\tinstitution = {Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Global Working Group (HCEO)},\n\tauthor = {Alan, Sule and Baysan, Ceren and Gumren, Mert and Kubilay, Elif},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Cohesion in Schools, Ethic segregation, Inter-ethnic, Inter-ethnic cohesions, Peer victimization, Peer violence, Social cohesion, Turkey},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Creating Coexistence: Intergroup Contact and Soccer in Post-ISIS Iraq.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mousa, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Copenhagen, Denmark, 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Creating$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@inproceedings{mousa_creating_2020,\n\taddress = {Copenhagen, Denmark},\n\ttitle = {Creating {Coexistence}: {Intergroup} {Contact} and {Soccer} in {Post}-{ISIS} {Iraq}},\n\turl = {https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/publications/Mousa.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Can intergroup contact build social cohesion after war? I answer this question by randomly assigning Iraqi Christians\ndisplaced by ISIS either to an all-Christian soccer team or to a team mixed with Muslims. I find persistent changes to\nbehaviors toward Muslim peers: Christians with Muslim teammates are more likely to sign up for a mixed soccer team in\nthe future (12 pp., p {\\textless} 0.08), vote for a Muslim player (not on their team) to receive a sportsmanship award (16 pp., p {\\textless} 0.01),\nand train with Muslims six months after the intervention ends (34 pp., p {\\textless} 0.01). Players on mixed teams are also more\nlikely to believe that coexistence is possible (63 SDs., p {\\textless} 0.01). These results seem to be driven by changing norms around\nsocial contact as well as a positive experience, with top-performing teams being more likely to patronize a restaurant in\nMuslim-dominated Mosul. Contact was less effective, however, at shifting generalized tolerance toward Muslim strangers.\nThese findings point to the potential for meaningful social contact to build coexistence after conflict — even if underlying\nprejudice remains unchanged.},\n\tauthor = {Mousa, Salma},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {IDPs, Intergroup contact, Iraq, Post-ISIS Iraq, Soccer},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n From Displacement to Development - How Colombia Can Transform Venezuelan Displacement into Shared Growth.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Graham, J.; Guerrero, M.; Panayotatos, D.; and Leghtas, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n April 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@misc{graham_displacement_2020,\n\ttitle = {From {Displacement} to {Development} - {How} {Colombia} {Can} {Transform} {Venezuelan} {Displacement} into {Shared} {Growth}},\n\tpublisher = {Center for Global Development (CGD) and Refugees International (RI)},\n\tauthor = {Graham, Jimmy and Guerrero, Martha and Panayotatos, Daphne and Leghtas, Izza},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Understanding the Socioeconomic Conditions of Refugees in Kalobeyei, Kenya: Results from the 2018 Kalobeyei Socioeconomic Profiling Survey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n UNHCR; and World Bank\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Understanding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{unhcr_understanding_2020,\n\ttitle = {Understanding the {Socioeconomic} {Conditions} of {Refugees} in {Kalobeyei}, {Kenya}: {Results} from the 2018 {Kalobeyei} {Socioeconomic} {Profiling} {Survey}},\n\turl = {https://www.unhcr.org/ke/17413-world-bank-and-unhcr-launch-report-on-understanding-the-socioeconomic-conditions-of-refugees-in-kalobeyei-kenya.html},\n\tabstract = {The World Bank, in partnership with the UN Refugee Agency, UNHCR, have launched a report which is based on the results of a 2018 Kalobeyei Socioeconomic Profiling Survey.\n\nThe 2018 Kaloyebei socioeconomic survey generates comparable evidence to inform policy and programme targeting to support refugees and host communities. The survey report provides a comprehensive snapshot of demographic characteristics, standards of living, social cohesion and specific vulnerabilities – information that is crucial for informing policy and targeted programming. Read the survey results, analysis, and comparative socioeconomic profiles in the full report, report summary, or the infographic.\n\nSurvey generates comparable evidence to inform policy and programme targeting  support to refugees and host communities.\n\nThe Kalobeyei Settlement was established in 2015 in Turkana West, Kenya, to accommodate the growing population of the Kakuma Refugee Camps. The settlement was set up based on principles of refugee self-reliance, integrated delivery of services to refugees and host community members, and greater support for livelihood opportunities through evidence-based interventions.\n\nThe Kalobeyei Integrated Socioeconomic Development Plan (KISEDP), an area-based development framework, aligns with the Global Compact on Refugees in recognizing the need for collecting and using socioeconomic data on refugees and hosts for targeted programming, linking humanitarian and development actions.},\n\tauthor = {{UNHCR} and {World Bank}},\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Syrian refugees in Lebanon: a spatial study.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuscevic, C. M. M.; and Radmard, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Economics Letters, 27(5): 417–421. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Syrian$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{kuscevic_syrian_2020,\n\ttitle = {Syrian refugees in {Lebanon}: a spatial study},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {1350-4851},\n\tshorttitle = {Syrian refugees in {Lebanon}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2019.1623862},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/13504851.2019.1623862},\n\tabstract = {Almost seven years of catastrophic conflict and unrest in Syria have resulted in a colossal flow of the displaced population. According to The United Nation Refugee Agency (UNHCR), by the end of 2016, there were over one million registered Syrian refugees in Lebanon. This means compared to any other host country, Lebanon has the highest rate of refugee per local population. In this paper, we focus on refugees’ placement and residence, which have shown an uneven distribution among different regions of Lebanon. Maps generated by the available data show that districts with high refugee population rates are surrounded by districts with low population rates. Our results indicate that among other variables, access to credit is the most critical variable for explaining this spatial pattern.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Applied Economics Letters},\n\tauthor = {Kuscevic, Casto Martin Montero and Radmard, Hossein},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {C31, Lebanon, O53, R23, Syria, refugee, spatial econometrics},\n\tpages = {417--421},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Poole, D. N.; Escudero, D. J.; Gostin, L. O.; Leblang, D.; and Talbot, E. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1): 41. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Responding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{poole_responding_2020,\n\ttitle = {Responding to the {COVID}-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1475-9276},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01162-y},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/s12939-020-01162-y},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal for Equity in Health},\n\tauthor = {Poole, Danielle N. and Escudero, Daniel J. and Gostin, Lawrence O. and Leblang, David and Talbot, Elizabeth A.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {41},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee and migrant health in the COVID-19 response.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kluge, H. H. P.; Jakab, Z.; Bartovic, J.; D'Anna, V.; and Severoni, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Lancet, 395(10232): 1237–1239. April 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{kluge_refugee_2020,\n\ttitle = {Refugee and migrant health in the {COVID}-19 response},\n\tvolume = {395},\n\tissn = {0140-6736, 1474-547X},\n\turl = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30791-1/abstract},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30791-1},\n\tabstract = {In a continued effort to curb the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), countries\nhave been tightening borders and putting travel restrictions in place. These actions\nhave affected refugees and migrants worldwide. The International Organization for\nMigration and UNHCR announced on March 10, 2020, that resettlement travel for refugees\nwill be temporarily suspended, although the agencies have appealed to states to ensure\nemergency cases are exempted.1 The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted some countries to\ntake steps towards further reducing population movement that affects humanitarian\ncorridors around the world.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {10232},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {The Lancet},\n\tauthor = {Kluge, Hans Henri P. and Jakab, Zsuzsanna and Bartovic, Jozef and D'Anna, Veronika and Severoni, Santino},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {32243777},\n\tpages = {1237--1239},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The world’s largest refugee camp prepares for covid-19.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vince, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BMJ, 368. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{vince_worlds_2020,\n\ttitle = {The world’s largest refugee camp prepares for covid-19},\n\tvolume = {368},\n\tcopyright = {Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions. This article is made freely available for use in accordance with BMJ's website terms and conditions for the duration of the covid-19 pandemic or until otherwise determined by BMJ.  You may use, download and print the article for any lawful, non-commercial purpose (including text and data mining) provided that all copyright notices and trade marks are retained.https://bmj.com/coronavirus/usage},\n\tissn = {1756-1833},\n\turl = {https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1205},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/bmj.m1205},\n\tabstract = {{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}Nearly a million refugees live in overcrowded conditions in the camps of south Bangladesh. \\textbf{Gaia Vince} reports on the growing fears of an imminent, catastrophic outbreak of covid-19{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {BMJ},\n\tauthor = {Vince, Gaia},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {32217520},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Potential Impact of COVID-19 in Refugee Camps in Bangladesh and Beyond: a modeling study.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Truelove, S. A.; Abrahim, O.; Altare, C.; Lauer, S. A.; Azman, A.; and Spiegel, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n medRxiv,2020.03.27.20045500. May 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{truelove_potential_2020,\n\ttitle = {The {Potential} {Impact} of {COVID}-19 in {Refugee} {Camps} in {Bangladesh} and {Beyond}: a modeling study},\n\tcopyright = {© 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Potential} {Impact} of {COVID}-19 in {Refugee} {Camps} in {Bangladesh} and {Beyond}},\n\turl = {https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.27.20045500v2},\n\tdoi = {10.1101/2020.03.27.20045500},\n\tabstract = {Background: COVID-19 could have even more dire consequences in refugees camps than in general populations. Bangladesh has confirmed COVID-19 cases and hosts almost 1 million Rohingya refugees from Myanmar with 600,000 concentrated in Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site (age mean: 21 years, sd: 18 years, 52\\% female). Projections of the potential COVID-19 burden, epidemic speed, and healthcare needs in such settings are critical for preparedness planning. Methods and Findings: To explore the potential impact of the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site, we used a stochastic SEIR transmission model with parameters derived from emerging literature and age as the primary determinant of infection severity. We considered three scenarios with different assumptions about the transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2. From the simulated infections, we estimated hospitalizations, deaths, and healthcare needs expected, age-adjusted for the Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site age distribution. Our findings suggest that a large-scale outbreak is likely after a single introduction of the virus into the camp with 61-92\\% of simulations leading to at least 1,000 people infected across scenarios. On average, in the first 30 days of the outbreak, we expect 18 (95\\% prediction interval (PI), 2-65), 54 (95\\% PI, 3-223), and 370 (95\\% PI, 4-1,850) people infected in the low, moderate, and high transmission scenarios, respectively. These reach 421,500 (95\\% PI, 376,300-463,500), 546,800 (95\\% PI, 499,300-567,000) and 589,800 (95\\% PI, 578,800-595,600) people infected in 12 months, respectively. Hospitalization needs exceeded the existing hospitalization capacity of 340 beds after 55-136 days between the low and high transmission scenarios. We estimate 2,040 (95\\% PI, 1,660-2,500), 2,650 (95\\% PI, 2,030-3,380), and 2,880 (95\\% PI, 2,090-3,830) deaths in the low, moderate and high transmission scenarios, respectively. Due to limited data at the time of analyses, we assumed that age was the primary determinant of infection severity and hospitalization. We expect that comorbidities and limited hospitalization and intensive care capacity may increase this risk, thus we may be underestimating the potential burden. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a COVID-19 epidemic in a refugee settlement may have profound consequences, requiring large increases in healthcare capacity and infrastructure that may exceed what is currently feasible in these settings. Detailed and realistic planning for the worst-case in Kutupalong-Balukhali and all refugee camps worldwide must begin now. Plans should consider novel and radical strategies to reduce infectious contacts and fill health worker gaps while recognizing that refugees may not have access to national health systems.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {medRxiv},\n\tauthor = {Truelove, Shaun A. and Abrahim, Orit and Altare, Chiara and Lauer, Stephen A. and Azman, Andrew and Spiegel, Paul B.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {2020.03.27.20045500},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n Background: COVID-19 could have even more dire consequences in refugees camps than in general populations. Bangladesh has confirmed COVID-19 cases and hosts almost 1 million Rohingya refugees from Myanmar with 600,000 concentrated in Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site (age mean: 21 years, sd: 18 years, 52% female). Projections of the potential COVID-19 burden, epidemic speed, and healthcare needs in such settings are critical for preparedness planning. Methods and Findings: To explore the potential impact of the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site, we used a stochastic SEIR transmission model with parameters derived from emerging literature and age as the primary determinant of infection severity. We considered three scenarios with different assumptions about the transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2. From the simulated infections, we estimated hospitalizations, deaths, and healthcare needs expected, age-adjusted for the Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site age distribution. Our findings suggest that a large-scale outbreak is likely after a single introduction of the virus into the camp with 61-92% of simulations leading to at least 1,000 people infected across scenarios. On average, in the first 30 days of the outbreak, we expect 18 (95% prediction interval (PI), 2-65), 54 (95% PI, 3-223), and 370 (95% PI, 4-1,850) people infected in the low, moderate, and high transmission scenarios, respectively. These reach 421,500 (95% PI, 376,300-463,500), 546,800 (95% PI, 499,300-567,000) and 589,800 (95% PI, 578,800-595,600) people infected in 12 months, respectively. Hospitalization needs exceeded the existing hospitalization capacity of 340 beds after 55-136 days between the low and high transmission scenarios. We estimate 2,040 (95% PI, 1,660-2,500), 2,650 (95% PI, 2,030-3,380), and 2,880 (95% PI, 2,090-3,830) deaths in the low, moderate and high transmission scenarios, respectively. Due to limited data at the time of analyses, we assumed that age was the primary determinant of infection severity and hospitalization. We expect that comorbidities and limited hospitalization and intensive care capacity may increase this risk, thus we may be underestimating the potential burden. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a COVID-19 epidemic in a refugee settlement may have profound consequences, requiring large increases in healthcare capacity and infrastructure that may exceed what is currently feasible in these settings. Detailed and realistic planning for the worst-case in Kutupalong-Balukhali and all refugee camps worldwide must begin now. Plans should consider novel and radical strategies to reduce infectious contacts and fill health worker gaps while recognizing that refugees may not have access to national health systems.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n COVID-19 control in low-income settings and displaced populations: what can realistically be done?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dahab, M.; van Zandvoort, K.; Flasche, S.; Warsame, A.; Spiegel, P. B.; Waldman, R. J.; and Checchi, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"COVID-19$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{dahab_covid-19_2020,\n\ttitle = {{COVID}-19 control in low-income settings and displaced populations: what can realistically be done?},\n\turl = {https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/newsevents/news/2020/covid-19-control-low-income-settings-and-displaced-populations-what-can},\n\tabstract = {While modelling predictions1 suggest that uncontrolled or even partially mitigated COVID-19 epidemics in high-income countries could lead to substantial excess mortality, the virus’ impact on people living in low-income settings or affected by humanitarian crises could potentially be even more severe. Three mechanisms could determine this: (i) higher transmissibility due to larger household sizes2, intense social mixing3 between the young and elderly4, overcrowding in urban slums and displaced people’s camps, inadequate water and sanitation, and specific cultural and faith practices such as mass prayer gatherings, large weddings and funerals during which super-spreading events might propagate transmission disproportionately5; (ii) higher infection-to-case ratios and progression to severe disease due to the virus’ interaction with highly prevalent co-morbidities, including non-communicable diseases (NCDs; prevalence of hypertension and diabetes is often higher in low- than high-income settings, with a far lower treatment coverage6), undernutrition, tuberculosis7 and HIV; and (iii) higher case-fatality due to a dire lack of intensive care capacity, especially outside large cities. Moreover, extreme pressure on curative health services could result in indirect impacts resulting from disrupted care for health problems other than COVID-19.8 While these risk factors could be counterbalanced by younger age distributions and hot temperatures, on balance we believe that, given current evidence and plausible reasoning, drastic action is required immediately to protect the world’s most fragile populations from this unfolding threat.},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tinstitution = {London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Dahab, Maysoon and van Zandvoort, Kevin and Flasche, Stefan and Warsame, Abdihamid and Spiegel, Paul B. and Waldman, Ronald J. and Checchi, Francesco},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {COVID-19, Coronavirus, Displaced people},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Understanding Decisions Made on Asylum Applications in Host Countries.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Issifou, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, DC, February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Understanding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{issifou_understanding_2020,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Understanding {Decisions} {Made} on {Asylum} {Applications} in {Host} {Countries}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33358},\n\tabstract = {Millions of forcibly displaced people \n            apply for asylum every year facing uncertain outcomes. What \n            can explain cross-country heterogeneity in these outcomes? \n            This study provides estimates of the determinants of asylum \n            admission policies in host countries using a bilateral panel \n            data set covering 201 origin and 113 destination countries \n            between 2000 and 2017. The paper shows that in high-income \n            countries, unlike in low- and middle-income countries, \n            approval policies are influenced by political factors such \n            as political polarization and electoral periods. The study \n            also finds that macroeconomic factors, labor market \n            outcomes, and public spending can play an important role in \n            final decisions on asylum.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank, Washington, DC},\n\tauthor = {Issifou, Ismael},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.1596/1813-9450-9153},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Women and Girls in Internal Displacement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cazabat, C.; André, C.; Fung, V.; Montandon, R.; Patten, H.; Ponserre, S.; and Yasukawa, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Women$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{cazabat_women_2020,\n\ttitle = {Women and {Girls} in {Internal} {Displacement}},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/women-and-girls-in-internal-displacement},\n\tabstract = {More than half of the 41 million people worldwide living in internal displacement at the end of 2018 were women and girls. They experience displacement differently from men and boys, and face specific challenges that must be better understood to provide them with the support they need.\n\nThis report presents the first global, regional and national estimates of the number of women and girls living in a situation of internal displacement as a result of conflict and violence. Internal displacement situations associated with disasters are also discussed.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Cazabat, Christelle and André, Clémentine and Fung, Vincent and Montandon, Raphaëlla and Patten, Hamish and Ponserre, Sylvain and Yasukawa, Louisa},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Globalization of Refugee Flows.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Devictor, X.; Do, Q.; and Levchenko, A. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., April 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{devictor_globalization_2020,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The {Globalization} of {Refugee} {Flows}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/184471586279885821/the-globalization-of-refugee-flows},\n\tabstract = {This paper analyzes the spatial \n            distribution of refugees over 1987-2017 and establishes \n            several stylized facts about refugees today compared with \n            past decades. (i) Refugees today travel longer distances. \n            (ii) Refugees today are less likely to seek protection in a \n            neighboring country. (iii) Refugees today are less \n            geographically concentrated. And (iv) refugees today are \n            more likely to reside in a high-income OECD country. The \n            findings bring new evidence to the debate on refugee burden-sharing.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Devictor, Xavier and Do, Quy-Toan and Levchenko, Andrei A.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.1596/1813-9450-9206},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n More is Better: Evaluating the Impact of a Variation in Cash Assistance on the Reintegration Outcomes of Returning Afghan Refugees.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Esper, H.; Krishnan, N.; and Wieser, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Copenhagen, 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@inproceedings{esper_more_2020,\n\taddress = {Copenhagen},\n\ttitle = {More is {Better}: {Evaluating} the {Impact} of a {Variation} in {Cash} {Assistance} on the {Reintegration} {Outcomes} of {Returning} {Afghan} {Refugees}},\n\tauthor = {Esper, Hisham and Krishnan, Nandini and Wieser, Christina},\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Mobility of Displaced Syrians: An Economic and Social Analysis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n World Bank\n\n\n \n\n\n\n World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@book{world_bank_mobility_2020,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {The {Mobility} of {Displaced} {Syrians}: {An} {Economic} and {Social} {Analysis}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4648-1401-3},\n\turl = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31205},\n\tabstract = {The war in Syria, now in its eighth year, continues to take its toll on the Syrian people. More than half of the population of Syria remains displaced; 5.6 million persons are registered as refugees outside of the country and another 6.2 million are displaced within Syria’s borders. The internally displaced persons include 2 million school-age children; of these, less than half attend school. Another 739,000 Syrian children are out of school in the five neighborhood countries that host Syria’s refugees. The loss of human capital is staggering, and it will create permanent hardships for generations of Syrians going forward. Despite the tragic prospects for renewed fighting in certain parts of the country, an overall reduction in armed conflict is possible going forward. However, international experience shows that the absence of fighting is rarely a singular trigger for the return of displaced people. Numerous other factors—including improved security and socioeconomic conditions in origin states, access to property and assets, the availability of key services, and restitution in home areas—play important roles in shaping the scale and composition of the returns. Overall, refugees have their own calculus of return that considers all of these factors and assesses available options. The Mobility of Displaced Syrians: An Economic and Social Analysis sheds light on the “mobility calculus” of Syrian refugees. While dismissing any policies that imply wrongful practices involving forced repatriation, the study analyzes factors that may be considered by refugees in their own decisions to relocate. It provides a conceptual framework, supported by data and analysis, to facilitate an impartial conversation about refugees and their mobility choices. It also explores the diversified policy toolkit that the international community has available—and the most effective ways in which the toolkit can be adapted—to maximize the well-being of refugees, host countries, and the people in Syria.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tpublisher = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {{World Bank}},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.1596/978-1-4648-1401-3},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n The war in Syria, now in its eighth year, continues to take its toll on the Syrian people. More than half of the population of Syria remains displaced; 5.6 million persons are registered as refugees outside of the country and another 6.2 million are displaced within Syria’s borders. The internally displaced persons include 2 million school-age children; of these, less than half attend school. Another 739,000 Syrian children are out of school in the five neighborhood countries that host Syria’s refugees. The loss of human capital is staggering, and it will create permanent hardships for generations of Syrians going forward. Despite the tragic prospects for renewed fighting in certain parts of the country, an overall reduction in armed conflict is possible going forward. However, international experience shows that the absence of fighting is rarely a singular trigger for the return of displaced people. Numerous other factors—including improved security and socioeconomic conditions in origin states, access to property and assets, the availability of key services, and restitution in home areas—play important roles in shaping the scale and composition of the returns. Overall, refugees have their own calculus of return that considers all of these factors and assesses available options. The Mobility of Displaced Syrians: An Economic and Social Analysis sheds light on the “mobility calculus” of Syrian refugees. While dismissing any policies that imply wrongful practices involving forced repatriation, the study analyzes factors that may be considered by refugees in their own decisions to relocate. It provides a conceptual framework, supported by data and analysis, to facilitate an impartial conversation about refugees and their mobility choices. It also explores the diversified policy toolkit that the international community has available—and the most effective ways in which the toolkit can be adapted—to maximize the well-being of refugees, host countries, and the people in Syria.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fostering Refugee Self-reliance: A Case Study of an Agency's Approach in Nairobi.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slaughter, A. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Refugee Studies, 33(1): 107–124. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Fostering$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{slaughter_fostering_2020,\n\ttitle = {Fostering {Refugee} {Self}-reliance: {A} {Case} {Study} of an {Agency}'s {Approach} in {Nairobi}},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\tissn = {0951-6328},\n\tshorttitle = {Fostering {Refugee} {Self}-reliance},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article/33/1/107/5549575},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jrs/fez060},\n\tabstract = {This article traces the evolution of an urban refugee self-reliance model developed in Nairobi, Kenya that intends to bridge the gap between ‘care and maintenance’ programmes and durable solutions. It does so by presenting the development of the approach used by the non-governmental organization RefugePoint to assist urban refugees in Nairobi. In developing its approach, RefugePoint drew on elements of the model employed by the United States Department of State and its contracted partners for resettling refugees in the United States. The applicability and limitations of this model in the context of a country of first asylum are examined. The article concludes by suggesting potential applications of RefugePoint’s ‘self-reliance runway’ approach (and the measurement tool that is integral to it) in expanding self-reliance opportunities for refugees globally. In particular, it recommends that both donors and operational agencies look beyond sector-based programming towards more holistic approaches and focus their impact measurement on the collective outcomes for refugee households rather than project-specific delivery indicators.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Refugee Studies},\n\tauthor = {Slaughter, Amy G.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {107--124},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee entrepreneurship and self-reliance: the UNHCR and sustainability in post-conflict Sierra Leone.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Skran, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Refugee Studies, 33(1): 268–298. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{skran_refugee_2020,\n\ttitle = {Refugee entrepreneurship and self-reliance: the {UNHCR} and sustainability in post-conflict {Sierra} {Leone}},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\tissn = {0951-6328},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugee entrepreneurship and self-reliance},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article/33/1/268/5819377},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jrs/fez102},\n\tabstract = {Entrepreneurship has been advocated as a path to self-reliance for refugees, but little scholarship has been produced about refugee entrepreneurs operating in their country of origin during reintegration. In 2003–04, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) implemented a group of ‘entrepreneurial ventures’ in urban and peri-urban locations in Kambia, Sierra Leone. Fifteen years later, 20 per cent of these ventures were still operating—a figure comparable with the success of start-ups in the United States. This paper examines the reasons for the sustainability of some ventures and the limited lifespan of others, using five interrelated metrics: ownership, management, mission and activities, financing and physical capital. It will be argued that, in the start-up phase, the UNHCR had a positive impact on the formation of entrepreneurial ventures by negotiating rules about property rights and credit, and by adopting a bottom-up approach to promote innovation among returnees. In the transition phase, however, the UNHCR’s planned handover to other UN agencies as part of the 4 R’s process largely failed because of inadequate attention to transition funding. In the mature phase, refugee enterprises survived if they could secure property rights to their facilities and adapt their management structures, activities and financing, while still preserving their social missions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Refugee Studies},\n\tauthor = {Skran, Claudena},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {268--298},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Building Refugee Economies: An evaluation of the IKEA Foundation’s programmes in Dollo Ado.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Betts, A.; Marden, A.; Bradenbrink, R.; and Kaufmann, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, May 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Building$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{betts_building_2020,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\ttitle = {Building {Refugee} {Economies}: {An} evaluation of the {IKEA} {Foundation}’s programmes in {Dollo} {Ado}},\n\tshorttitle = {Building {Refugee} {Economies}},\n\turl = {https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/building-refugee-economies-an-evaluation-of-the-ikea-foundation2019s-programme-in-dollo-ado},\n\tabstract = {From 2012–2018, the IKEA Foundation invested nearly 100 million USD in UNHCR operations in the five refugee camps of Dollo Ado in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. This is the largest private philanthropic donation that the UN Refugee Agency has ever received. The Refugee Economies Programme at Oxford conducted an evaluation of the multi-year investment to understand how the funding has impacted refugee and host communities in this borderland area. Qualitative and quantitative findings report on the performance of highly visible cooperatives and business groups that have transformed the economic and social landscape of Dollo Ado through projects relating to agriculture, renewable energy, environmental conservation, and the livestock value chain. The evaluation also explores the influence of IKEA Foundation's programmes on broader institutional and policy changes, considering the ways that Ethiopian authorities, UNHCR offices, and other stakeholders have adapted to better support sustainable livelihoods in remote, less-developed, refugee-hosting regions. Findings inform a broad set of conclusions and recommendations for stakeholders that are undertaking similar development-oriented programming in challenging humanitarian contexts worldwide.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Betts, Alexander and Marden, Andonis and Bradenbrink, Raphael and Kaufmann, Jonas},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Dollo Ado, Ethiopia, IKEA Foundation's Program, Livelihood programs, Refugee, Refugee Economies, Refugee welfare, Refugees and host community},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Towards a Refugee Livelihoods Approach: Findings from Cameroon, Jordan, Malaysia and Turkey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wake, C.; and Barbelet, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Refugee Studies, 33(1): 125–142. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Towards$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{wake_towards_2020,\n\ttitle = {Towards a {Refugee} {Livelihoods} {Approach}: {Findings} from {Cameroon}, {Jordan}, {Malaysia} and {Turkey}},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\tissn = {0951-6328},\n\tshorttitle = {Towards a {Refugee} {Livelihoods} {Approach}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article/33/1/125/5819343},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jrs/fez033},\n\tabstract = {This note from the field explores the purpose, process and value of using a sustainable-livelihoods framework and operational map to study refugee livelihoods. The current absence of a livelihoods framework specifically tailored to refugees has created a gap not only in research, but in policy development and application. This article reflects on the utility of this methodology to generate insight into the lives of refugees in four diverse contexts: Central African Republic (CAR) refugees in Cameroon; Rohingya refugees in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Syrian refugees in Zarqa, Jordan; and Syrian refugees in Istanbul, Turkey. The framework was helpful in that it enabled us to explore how refugees perceive their context, risks and possibilities as well their objectives, actions and strategies. As per Levine’s methodology, starting with refugees and their perceptions unlocked a new way of looking at the environment within which refugees try to sustain themselves and a deeper understanding of how refugees’ perceptions dictate their livelihood goals, strategies and actions. This article extends analysis to consider the broader policy implications that this specific methodological approach supports.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Refugee Studies},\n\tauthor = {Wake, Caitlin and Barbelet, Veronique},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {125--142},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Measuring the Self-Reliance of Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Leeson, K.; Bhandari, P. B.; Myers, A.; and Buscher, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Refugee Studies, 33(1): 86–106. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Measuring$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{leeson_measuring_2020,\n\ttitle = {Measuring the {Self}-{Reliance} of {Refugees}},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\tissn = {0951-6328},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article/33/1/86/5819341},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jrs/fez076},\n\tabstract = {How do we know whether a refugee household is self-reliant if this is not measured? Although self-reliance has been promoted as a critical assistance strategy for refugees in recent years, there have been limited attempts to rigorously measure the concept. This field report introduces a new measurement tool to assess the movement toward self-reliance among refugee households. The development and utility of a tool to measure self-reliance are described using the pilot studies conducted in Ecuador, Egypt and Lebanon over a 9- to 18-month period. This report utilized unique panel data from 167 refugee households in Egypt and 94 households in Ecuador. The panel data was collected at two points in time (baseline and endline) using paper and pencil or Open Data Kit forms on tablets during face-to-face interviews. This panel group was used to perform the change analysis to examine the movement of households along a self-reliance continuum. Findings show that, overall, 59.8\\% of households in Ecuador and 64.7\\% of households in Egypt moved upward in composite score in self-reliance while less than 30\\% of households regressed in both countries. Further examination is needed to refine and evaluate the tool. The results provide an important starting point and insights into measuring self-reliance using simple indicators and an opportunity to reframe assistance around self-reliance, neither of which had previously been a focus of refugee assistance or relevant literature. It is believed that this methodology will be of use to academics and practitioners seeking to study refugee self-reliance around the world.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Refugee Studies},\n\tauthor = {Leeson, Kellie and Bhandari, Prem B. and Myers, Anna and Buscher, Dale},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Ecuador, Egypt, Lebanon, Refugees, Self-Reliance},\n\tpages = {86--106},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Kalobeyei Settlement: A Self-reliance Model for Refugees?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Betts, A.; Omata, N.; and Sterck, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Refugee Studies, 33(1): 189–223. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{betts_kalobeyei_2020,\n\ttitle = {The {Kalobeyei} {Settlement}: {A} {Self}-reliance {Model} for {Refugees}?},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\tissn = {0951-6328},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Kalobeyei} {Settlement}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article/33/1/189/5819360},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jrs/fez063},\n\tabstract = {In 2016, the Kalobeyei refugee settlement was created, just 3.5 kilometres from the Kakuma camps in Kenya. In a departure from Kenya’s policy of not allowing refugees to work, its aim was to provide self-reliance to refugees and greater refugee–host interaction. But are refugee policies and programmes in Kalobeyei really different from those in Kakuma? If so, what are the differences? And do these differences actually translate into different self-reliance outcomes for refugees? Drawing upon a mixed-methods approach, we compare aid models, self-reliance enabling factors and self-reliance outcomes between Kalobeyei and Kakuma. After just 15 months, we find that self-reliance-enabling factors—such the environment, assets, networks, markets and public goods—remain similar across both sites and, in some cases, are better in Kakuma. The major differences between the sites are in the aid model: Kalobeyei’s cash-assistance and agricultural programmes. We find improved nutritional outcomes and a greater perception of autonomy in Kalobeyei, both of which may be attributable to differences in the aid models. These findings have implications for how we conceptualize the institutional design of self-reliance in Kalobeyei and elsewhere.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Refugee Studies},\n\tauthor = {Betts, Alexander and Omata, Naohiko and Sterck, Olivier},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {189--223},\n}\n\n

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\n\n

\n \n 2019\n \n \n (146)\n \n \n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Arrested Development: Conflict, Displacement, and Welfare in Iraq.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, D.; and Wai-Poi, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Arrested$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sharma_arrested_2019,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {Arrested {Development}: {Conflict}, {Displacement}, and {Welfare} in {Iraq}},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/914571554209012533/arrested-development-conflict-displacement-and-welfare-in-iraq},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Dhiraj and Wai-Poi, Matthew},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {IDPs, Iraq, Poverty and Well-Being, Refugees},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Displacement and development: Long term impacts of population transfer in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bharadwaj, P.; and Mirza, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Explorations in Economic History, 73: 101273. July 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Displacement$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bharadwaj_displacement_2019,\n\ttitle = {Displacement and development: {Long} term impacts of population transfer in {India}},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tissn = {0014-4983},\n\tshorttitle = {Displacement and development},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001449831830175X},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.eeh.2019.05.001},\n\tabstract = {The partition of British India in 1947 resulted in one of the largest and most rapid migrations and population transfers of the 20th century. Using refugee presence by 1951 as a measure for the intensity of the impact of the population transfer, and district level data on agricultural output between 1911 and 2009 from India, we find using difference in differences and event study approaches that areas that received more refugees have higher average yields, are more likely to take up high yielding varieties of seeds, and are more likely to use agricultural technologies. The increase in yields and use of agricultural technology coincide with the timing of the Green Revolution in India. Using pre-partition data, we show that refugee placement is uncorrelated with soil and water table characteristics, agricultural infrastructure, and agricultural yields prior to 1947; hence, the effects are not explained by selective movement into districts with a higher potential for agricultural development. We highlight refugee literacy and land reforms in areas with refugees as two of the many potential mechanisms that could be driving these effects.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {Explorations in Economic History},\n\tauthor = {Bharadwaj, Prashant and Mirza, Rinchan Ali},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Partition, Population Exchange},\n\tpages = {101273},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Consequences of forced migration: A survey of recent findings.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Becker, S. O.; and Ferrara, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Labour Economics, 59: 1–16. August 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Consequences$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{becker_consequences_2019,\n\tseries = {Special {Issue} on “{European} {Association} of {Labour} {Economists}, 30th annual conference, {Lyon}, {France}, 13-15 {September} 2018},\n\ttitle = {Consequences of forced migration: {A} survey of recent findings},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {0927-5371},\n\tshorttitle = {Consequences of forced migration},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537119300132},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.labeco.2019.02.007},\n\tabstract = {Forced migration as a consequence of wars, civil conflicts, or natural disasters may have consequences different from those of voluntary migration. Recent work has highlighted the consequences of forced migration on receiving populations, on migrants themselves and on sending populations. We document findings from recent work, on education and other economic outcomes, but also on political outcomes. We summarize key lessons and point to gaps in the literature.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {Labour Economics},\n\tauthor = {Becker, Sascha O. and Ferrara, Andreas},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Disasters, Forced migration, Uprootedness, Wars},\n\tpages = {1--16},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Market Size and Spatial Growth - Evidence from Germany’s Post-War Population Expulsions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peters, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Market$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{peters_market_2019,\n\ttype = {[preliminary]},\n\ttitle = {Market {Size} and {Spatial} {Growth} - {Evidence} from {Germany}’s {Post}-{War} {Population} {Expulsions}},\n\turl = {https://mipeters.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/6/5/14651240/refugees_2019.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Virtually all theories of economic growth predict a positive relationship between population size and productivity. In this paper I study a particular historical episode to\nprovide direct evidence for the empirical relevance of such scale effects. In the aftermath\nof the Second World War about 8m ethnic Germans were expelled from their domiciles\nin Eastern Europe and transferred to West Germany. This inflow increased the German\npopulation by 20\\%. Using variation across counties I show that the settlement of refugees\nhad a large and persistent effect on the size of the local population, that it increased manufacturing employment and that it raised income per capita, particularly in the long-run.\nI then show that these findings are quantitatively consistent with an idea-based model\nof spatial growth. The theory highlights that a shock to the local population can have\npersistent effects on local productivity, which are larger in the long-run. When calibrated\nto the cross-sectional estimates, the model implies that the refugee settlement increased\naggregate income per capita by about 25\\% after 25 years.},\n\tauthor = {Peters, Michael},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Germany, Market size, Population Expulsion, Post-war, Spatial growth},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The development push of refugees: evidence from Tanzania.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Maystadt, J.; and Duranton, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Economic Geography, 19(2): 299–334. March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{maystadt_development_2019,\n\ttitle = {The development push of refugees: evidence from {Tanzania}},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1468-2702},\n\tshorttitle = {The development push of refugees},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/joeg/article/19/2/299/4984499},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jeg/lby020},\n\tabstract = {Abstract.  We exploit a 1991–2010 Tanzanian household panel to assess the effects of the temporary refugee inflows originating from Burundi (1993) and Rwanda (1},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Economic Geography},\n\tauthor = {Maystadt, Jean-François and Duranton, Gilles},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {299--334},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Migration and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: The Effect of Returning Refugees on Export Performance in the Former Yugoslavia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bahar, D.; Özgüzel, C.; Hauptmann, A.; and Rapoport, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 12412, IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany, June 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Migration$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{bahar_migration_2019,\n\taddress = {Bonn, Germany},\n\ttype = {{IZA} {Discussion} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Migration and {Post}-{Conflict} {Reconstruction}: {The} {Effect} of {Returning} {Refugees} on {Export} {Performance} in the {Former} {Yugoslavia}},\n\turl = {https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/12412/migration-and-post-conflict-reconstruction-the-effect-of-returning-refugees-on-export-performance-in-the-former-yugoslavia},\n\tabstract = {During the early 1990s Germany offered temporary protection to over 600,000 Yugoslavian refugees fleeing war. By 2000, many had been repatriated. We exploit this natural experiment to investigate the role of migrants in post-conflict reconstruction in the former Yugoslavia, using exports as outcome. Using confidential social security data to capture intensity of refugee workers to German industries–and exogenous allocation rules for asylum seekers within Germany as instrument—we find an elasticity of exports to return migration between 0.08 to 0.24. Our results are stronger in knowledge-intensive industries and for workers in occupations intensive in analytical and managerial skills.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12412},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},\n\tauthor = {Bahar, Dany and Özgüzel, Cem and Hauptmann, Andreas and Rapoport, Hillel},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {IDPs, Labor Market Outcomes for Refugees and IDPs, Refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mass Refugee Inflow and Long-run Prosperity: Lessons from the Greek Population Resettlement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Murard, E.; and Sakalli, S. O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report DP 05/20, Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, Bonn, Germany, November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Mass$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{murard_mass_2019,\n\taddress = {Bonn, Germany},\n\ttype = {{CReAM} {Discussion} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Mass {Refugee} {Inflow} and {Long}-run {Prosperity}: {Lessons} from the {Greek} {Population} {Resettlement}},\n\turl = {https://www.cream-migration.org/publ_uploads/CDP_05_20.pdf},\n\tabstract = {We investigate the long-term consequences of mass refugee inflow on economic development. After the Greco-Turkish war of 1919–1922, 1.2 million Greek Orthodox were forcibly\nresettled from Turkey to Greece, increasing the host population by more than 20\\% within a\nfew months. To examine the long-term effects of this event, we build a novel geocoded dataset\nlocating refugee settlements across the universe of more than four thousand Greek municipalities that existed in 1920. Using a battery of empirical strategies relying on different margins of\nspatial and temporal variation in the refugee inflow, we find that localities with a greater share\nof Greek refugees in 1923 display higher level of prosperity and industrialization sixty years\nafter the event. These long-run benefits of refugees appear to be driven by the provision of new\nagricultural know-how and the transfer of technological knowledge in textile, which fostered\ngrowth through higher diversity in complementary skills. The economic gains of the resettlement were lower in places where refugees were clustered in separate enclaves and where their\nskills were less easily transferable due to local geographic conditions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {DP 05/20},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration},\n\tauthor = {Murard, Elie and Sakalli, Seyhun Orcan},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Greece, IDPs, Labor Market Outcomes for Refugees and IDPs, Refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Are Integrated Services a Step Towards Integration in Northern Uganda?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Regional Durable Solutions Secretariat (ReDSS)\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Are$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{regional_durable_solutions_secretariat_redss_are_2019,\n\ttitle = {Are {Integrated} {Services} a {Step} {Towards} {Integration} in {Northern} {Uganda}?},\n\turl = {https://regionaldss.org/index.php/2019/03/21/new-publication-integrated-services-step-towards-integration/},\n\tauthor = {{Regional Durable Solutions Secretariat (ReDSS)}},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Host Community, Refugees, South Sudan, Uganda, economic integration},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Are IDPs Satisfied With the Quality of Public Health and Education Services They Receive? A Long-term Perspective from Urban Areas in the Post-Socialist Countries.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ivlevs, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Are$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{ivlevs_are_2019,\n\ttype = {Background {Paper} to {Global} {Report} on {Internal} {Displacement} 2019},\n\ttitle = {Are {IDPs} {Satisfied} {With} the {Quality} of {Public} {Health} and {Education} {Services} {They} {Receive}? {A} {Long}-term {Perspective} from {Urban} {Areas} in the {Post}-{Socialist} {Countries}},\n\turl = {http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019/},\n\tabstract = {The livelihoods and well-being of IDPs depend on the provision of public services, the access and quality\nof which tend to be better in urban areas. This study analyses IDPs’ direct experiences of using key\npublic services – health and education – in urban areas of post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern\nEurope that experienced conflict in 1990s and 2000s. The findings suggest IDPs are more dissatisfied\nwith the quality of health services than people not affected by conflict, pointing to the long lasting\nvulnerability and disadvantage of IDPs in the health domain. At the same time, no disadvantage is\nobserved for education, reflecting the willingness of the forcibly displaced to invest in education to\ncompensate for the loss of material possessions.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Ivlevs, Artjoms},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Healthcare, IDPs, Vulnerabilities of IDPs},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Applying learning theory to shape ‘good learning’ in emergencies: experience from Dadaab, Kenya.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krupar, A.; and Anselme, M. L\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Applying$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{krupar_applying_2019,\n\ttitle = {Applying learning theory to shape ‘good learning’ in emergencies: experience from {Dadaab}, {Kenya}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/krupar-anselme},\n\tabstract = {Applying one learning theory retrospectively to a non-formal education programme for youth shows how learning theories can be used to assess learning in diverse EiE programmes and how including such theories when programming could help ensure quality and relevance.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Krupar, Allyson and Anselme, Marina L},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Africa, Dadaab, Education, Education Assessment Tools, Education Policy, Kenya, Learning theory},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Syrian Refugees on the Turkish Labor Market.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Suzuki, K.; Paul, S.; and Maru, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Development Bank, March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"An$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@book{suzuki_empirical_2019,\n\ttitle = {An {Empirical} {Analysis} of the {Effects} of {Syrian} {Refugees} on the {Turkish} {Labor} {Market}},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/},\n\turl = {https://www.adb.org/publications/empirical-analysis-effects-syrian-refugees-turkish-labor-market},\n\tabstract = {An influx of refugees affects the labor market outcomes of workers in bordering regions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tpublisher = {Asian Development Bank},\n\tauthor = {Suzuki, Ken and Paul, Saumik and Maru, Takeshi},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Labor market, Labour market outcomes, Refugees, Syria, Syrian refugees, Turkey},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Adult literacy: an essential component of the CRRF.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lanciotti, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Adult$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{lanciotti_adult_2019,\n\ttitle = {Adult literacy: an essential component of the {CRRF}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/lanciotti},\n\tabstract = {Literacy needs among the refugee populations of Uganda and Ethiopia are vast, yet although both are CRRF pilot countries – and therefore in theory committed to promoting literacy – functional adult literacy is barely supported at all.},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Lanciotti, Massimo},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Adult Literacy, Africa, Education, Education Policy, Ethiopia, Host Community, Refugees, South Sudan, Uganda},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Accessing and thriving in education in the UK.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gladwell, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Accessing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{gladwell_accessing_2019,\n\ttitle = {Accessing and thriving in education in the {UK}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/gladwell},\n\tabstract = {Research shows that significant barriers confront refugee and asylum-seeker children arriving in the UK in terms of them getting into school and thriving in education. Central government, local authorities, schools and colleges and education professionals can take steps to help ensure these children receive timely and appropriate education.},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Gladwell, Catherine},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Asylum seeker, Barriers to Improving Educational Outcomes, Refugees, UK, United Kingdom},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A persuasive peace: Syrian refugees’ attitudes towards compromise and civil war termination:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fabbe, K.; Hazlett, C.; and Sınmazdemir, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peace Research. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{fabbe_persuasive_2019,\n\ttitle = {A persuasive peace: {Syrian} refugees’ attitudes towards compromise and civil war termination:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2018},\n\tshorttitle = {A persuasive peace},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318814114},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318814114},\n\tabstract = {Civilians who have fled violent conflict and settled in neighboring countries are integral to processes of civil war termination. Contingent on their attitudes,...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Fabbe, Kristin and Hazlett, Chad and Sınmazdemir, Tolga},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Refugees, Refugees attitudes, Syria, Syrian refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A new challenge for urban planning in Turkey: socio-spatial impacts of forced migration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Levent, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Spatial Research and Policy, 26(2): 115–134. December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{levent_new_2019,\n\ttitle = {A new challenge for urban planning in {Turkey}: socio-spatial impacts of forced migration},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2019},\n\tissn = {1896-1525},\n\tshorttitle = {A new challenge for urban planning in {Turkey}},\n\turl = {https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/esrap/article/view/6121},\n\tdoi = {10.18778/1231-1952.26.2.06},\n\tabstract = {In recent decades, forced migration has become a globally salient issue for both developed and developing countries. As a developing country, Turkey is a significant destination for forced migration, with more than 3.6 million Syrian immigrants. This study concentrates on the socio-spatial impacts of forced migration in Turkish cities where Syrian immigrants have been concentrated and aims to answer the question: “Does forced migration produce an urban crisis in such cities?” The study leads to a prescription about new qualities of urban planning for coping with the urban crisis through a resilience strategy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tjournal = {European Spatial Research and Policy},\n\tauthor = {Levent, Tolga},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Refugees, Socio-spacial impacts, Turkey, Urban Planning, Urban and Local Government},\n\tpages = {115--134},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A gravity model analysis of forced displacement in Colombia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Saldarriaga, J. F.; and Hua, Y.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cities, 95: 102407. December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{saldarriaga_gravity_2019,\n\ttitle = {A gravity model analysis of forced displacement in {Colombia}},\n\tvolume = {95},\n\tissn = {0264-2751},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275118311363},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.cities.2019.102407},\n\tabstract = {Between 1985 and 2016 more than 7 million people were victims of forced displacement in Colombia. At the height of the conflict, more than 90\\% of municipalities in the country saw some form of displacement. In this study we extend the traditional gravity model of migration to analyze the flows of internally displaced people in Colombia between 1986 and 2015, and identify some of the main factors involved in people's choice of destination. We find violence at the origin municipality to be the most important driver of displacement. Similarly, destination municipalities with larger social networks of victims of displacement, larger overall populations, and closer to places of origin attract more displaced people. We propose forced displacement be treated as regional-level phenomenon and planners, city officials, and aid organizations focus their attention on medium-sized regional centers. Because of the importance of social networks in driving people's choice of destination, city officials, planners and aid organizations should closely collaborate with grassroots community organizations to adequately allocate resources and plan for new arrivals.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Cities},\n\tauthor = {Saldarriaga, Juan Francisco and Hua, Yuan},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Colombia, Decisions to Flee, Forced displacement, Gravity model, Latin America, Social network, Violence},\n\tpages = {102407},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Global Academic Network on Refugees: Some Unanswered Questions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Crisp, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 640–642. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{crisp_global_2019,\n\ttitle = {A {Global} {Academic} {Network} on {Refugees}: {Some} {Unanswered} {Questions}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\tshorttitle = {A {Global} {Academic} {Network} on {Refugees}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/640/5209680},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey050},\n\tabstract = {The Global Compact on Refugees (Refugee Compact) envisages the establishment of a ‘global academic network on refugee, other forced displacement, and statelessn},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Crisp, Jeff},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Geopolitics of Forced Displacement and Foreign Aid, Global Academic Network, Global Compacts, Statelessness, Trade Preferences},\n\tpages = {640--642},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n “Tired of Running” Repeated Displacement and Premature Returns in South Sudan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sydney, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, Geneva, November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"“Tired$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sydney_tired_2019,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttype = {Thematic {Series}},\n\ttitle = {“{Tired} of {Running}” {Repeated} {Displacement} and {Premature} {Returns} in {South} {Sudan}},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/tired-of-running-repeated-displacement-and-premature-returns-in-south-sudan},\n\tabstract = {Following decades of civil war, a comprehensive peace agreement and the subsequent independence of South Sudan in 2011 prompted as many as two million refugees to return to the world’s youngest country. Many, however, were displaced again when internal conflict erupted in December 2013. A temporary reprieve following the signing of a peace agreement in 2015 enabled some to return to their homes, but conflict soon flared up again. A revitalised peace agreement was signed in 2018, but it is unclear whether the latest wave of returns will this time prove sustainable.\n\nThis study, which forms part of IDMC’s 'Invisible Majority' thematic series, examines the relationship between internal displacement, cross-border movements and durable solutions in South Sudan. It is based on more than 200 interviews in Bentiu and Juba.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Sydney, Chloe},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {IDPs, Vulnerabilities of IDPs},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n “Stuck in the middle” – Seeking Durable Solutions in Post-Peace Agreement Colombia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sydney, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, Geneva, March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"“Stuck$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sydney_stuck_2019,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttype = {Thematic {Series}},\n\ttitle = {“{Stuck} in the middle” – {Seeking} {Durable} {Solutions} in {Post}-{Peace} {Agreement} {Colombia}},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/stuck-in-the-middle-seeking-durable-solutions-in-post-peace-agreement-colombia},\n\tabstract = {In the 2017 Global Report on Internal Displacement, the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) set out to better understand the relationship between internal displacement and cross-border movements. As part of the resulting Invisible Majority thematic series, this report, based on over two hundred interviews with displaced Colombians, examines drivers of displacement and onward movement of internally displaced people (IDPs) within and across borders, provides better understanding of priorities and preconditions for voluntary return, and examine obstacles to durable solutions for returning refugees and IDPs in Colombia. While the report does not set out to assess the successes and failures of the 2016 Peace Agreement, it nonetheless brings to light a number of challenges to its implementation.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Sydney, Chloe},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {IDPs, Vulnerabilities of IDPs},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n “Education is key to life”: the importance of education from the perspective of displaced learners.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n OLIve course students, IT trainer; and director\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"“Education$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{olive_course_students_it_trainer_and_director_education_2019,\n\ttitle = {“{Education} is key to life”: the importance of education from the perspective of displaced learners},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/OLIve},\n\tabstract = {Students on the University of East London’s OLIve course – a preparatory course for university access specifically tailored to refugees and asylum seekers in the UK – share experiences of accessing education as displaced learners.},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {{OLIve course students, IT trainer and director}},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Barriers to Improving Educational Outcomes, Refugees},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n “Before You Were Born, Your Mother Ran” Displacement and Disillusion in southeast Myanmar.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sydney, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, Geneva, December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"“Before$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sydney_before_2019,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttype = {Thematic {Series}},\n\ttitle = {“{Before} {You} {Were} {Born}, {Your} {Mother} {Ran}” {Displacement} and {Disillusion} in southeast {Myanmar}},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/201912-myanmar-cross-border-report.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Myanmar has been making headlines for its apparent campaign of ethnic cleansing against the country’s Rohingya. Violent attacks against civilians have forced over 745,000 people to flee into Bangladesh since August 2017. Given the scale of the Rohingya crisis, the rest of the country is receiving little attention.\n\nThis study – part of the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre’s Invisible Majority thematic series – seeks to analyse the relationship between internal displacement, cross-border movements and durable solutions in south-east Myanmar. Based on 163 interviews with internally displaced people (IDPs), returning refugees and refugees, the report examines drivers of displacement, priorities and preconditions for voluntary return, and obstacles and opportunities for durable solutions. The report presents the following key findings.\n\nMultiple displacements precede cross-border movements\n\nThe conflict opposing Myanmar’s army and the Karen National Liberation Army in the south-east of the country is one of the longest ongoing ethnic conflicts in the world. Although a nationwide ceasefire agreement was signed in 2015, clashes continue. Violent counterinsurgency operations have included direct attacks against civilians, persecution and forced recruitment. A third of research participants have been displaced more than five times, often hiding in the jungle before returning to their homes. Cross-border movement is often a last resort; nearly half of the refugees and returning refugees surveyed were internally displaced before crossing into Thailand.\n\nAid has been cut to IDP camps, but barriers to return remain\n\nAbout 162,000 people – predominantly ethnic Karen – remain internally displaced in south-east Myanmar. Internal displacement in the region has many faces: some IDPs live in hiding in the jungle; the army have resettled others into forced relocation sites. Only a small portion of IDPs in south-east Myanmar live in camps. Within Ee Tu Hta IDP camp, loss of donor support has affected the provision of food aid. Most IDPs surveyed intend to return to their areas of origin in the future, despite better safety in Ee Tu Hta. Insecurity continues to represent a key barrier to return; armed clashes in 2018 discouraged many potential returnees.\n\nRefugees in Thailand face protection challenges and lack of recognition\n\nThere are around 95,000 people from Myanmar in Thailand’s nine refugee camps. A large share of the country’s undocumented migrants may also have grounds to be recognised as refugees – but Thailand is a non-signatory of the 1951 Refugee Convention. As employment is officially prohibited for both refugees and undocumented migrants, access to income-generating opportunities is fraught with protection challenges. At the same time, decreased donor support is contributing to a reduction in monthly rice rations and worsening service provision, which may be encouraging potentially premature returns to Myanmar.\n\nExpectations regarding refugee returns have not been met\n\nFollowing positive steps towards democratisation in Myanmar in 2012, the international community believed the majority of refugees would return. In reality, just over 19,000 people have returned from Thailand’s refugee camps. The overwhelming majority of these returns have been spontaneous. Lack of trust in the current ceasefire agreement makes refugees hesitant to participate in the UN Refugee Agency’s facilitated return process. Spontaneous returnees, however, do not benefit from the same level of support.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Sydney, Chloe},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {IDPs, Vulnerabilities of IDPs},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n Myanmar has been making headlines for its apparent campaign of ethnic cleansing against the country’s Rohingya. Violent attacks against civilians have forced over 745,000 people to flee into Bangladesh since August 2017. Given the scale of the Rohingya crisis, the rest of the country is receiving little attention. This study – part of the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre’s Invisible Majority thematic series – seeks to analyse the relationship between internal displacement, cross-border movements and durable solutions in south-east Myanmar. Based on 163 interviews with internally displaced people (IDPs), returning refugees and refugees, the report examines drivers of displacement, priorities and preconditions for voluntary return, and obstacles and opportunities for durable solutions. The report presents the following key findings. Multiple displacements precede cross-border movements The conflict opposing Myanmar’s army and the Karen National Liberation Army in the south-east of the country is one of the longest ongoing ethnic conflicts in the world. Although a nationwide ceasefire agreement was signed in 2015, clashes continue. Violent counterinsurgency operations have included direct attacks against civilians, persecution and forced recruitment. A third of research participants have been displaced more than five times, often hiding in the jungle before returning to their homes. Cross-border movement is often a last resort; nearly half of the refugees and returning refugees surveyed were internally displaced before crossing into Thailand. Aid has been cut to IDP camps, but barriers to return remain About 162,000 people – predominantly ethnic Karen – remain internally displaced in south-east Myanmar. Internal displacement in the region has many faces: some IDPs live in hiding in the jungle; the army have resettled others into forced relocation sites. Only a small portion of IDPs in south-east Myanmar live in camps. Within Ee Tu Hta IDP camp, loss of donor support has affected the provision of food aid. Most IDPs surveyed intend to return to their areas of origin in the future, despite better safety in Ee Tu Hta. Insecurity continues to represent a key barrier to return; armed clashes in 2018 discouraged many potential returnees. Refugees in Thailand face protection challenges and lack of recognition There are around 95,000 people from Myanmar in Thailand’s nine refugee camps. A large share of the country’s undocumented migrants may also have grounds to be recognised as refugees – but Thailand is a non-signatory of the 1951 Refugee Convention. As employment is officially prohibited for both refugees and undocumented migrants, access to income-generating opportunities is fraught with protection challenges. At the same time, decreased donor support is contributing to a reduction in monthly rice rations and worsening service provision, which may be encouraging potentially premature returns to Myanmar. Expectations regarding refugee returns have not been met Following positive steps towards democratisation in Myanmar in 2012, the international community believed the majority of refugees would return. In reality, just over 19,000 people have returned from Thailand’s refugee camps. The overwhelming majority of these returns have been spontaneous. Lack of trust in the current ceasefire agreement makes refugees hesitant to participate in the UN Refugee Agency’s facilitated return process. Spontaneous returnees, however, do not benefit from the same level of support.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Urban Displacement from Different Perspectives: An Overview of Approaches to Urban Displacement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Massella, A.; and Sitko, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Global Alliance for Urban Crises, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Urban$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{massella_urban_2019,\n\ttitle = {Urban {Displacement} from {Different} {Perspectives}: {An} {Overview} of {Approaches} to {Urban} {Displacement}},\n\turl = {http://urbancrises.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/3.-Urban-Displacement-from-Different-Perspectives.pdf},\n\tabstract = {In protracted urban crises, which may last decades, a variety of programming responses are\nemployed by a diverse range of stakeholders to address basic needs, disaster risks, peace\nbuilding and access to basic services. Key stakeholders, which include local authorities,\ninternational organizations, local civil society organizations and, where relevant, built environment\nprofessionals, have a critical role to play in the overall goal of integrating internally displaced\npersons (IDPs) and refugees into city life as quickly as possible. This is in recognition of the rights\nof refugees and IDPs to live in urban areas as “rights-holders, contributors and partners in the\ndevelopment of towns and cities”1\n.\nWhere local authorities are unable, or unwilling, to fulfill their mandate, international agencies and\nlocal civil society organizations (CSOs) will often step into this role to fulfill these responsibilities,\ngiven uncertain timeframes and limited donor interest. However, the role of international\nagencies may be challenging to sustain (though there are exceptions, such as in the Gaza Strip).\nMany towns and cities hosting displaced populations often do so while grappling with rapid\nand unmanaged urbanization (often with substantial numbers living in poverty), climate change\nstresses, and increasing disaster risks.\nThis paper identifies the divergences and convergences of activities between the four\nstakeholders identified above in assisting refugees and IDPs living in urban areas. Towns and\ncities themselves are described using a systems approach*\n. Five systems are identified:\n1. Economy – livelihoods, jobs and support\n2. Social protection and accountability – safety nets, gender-based violence (GBV)\n3. Access to essential services – health, education, food\n4. Built environment – homes and infrastructure (water, electricity)\n5. Ecology – environment, climate change, disaster risk reduction (DRR).\nThe paper is organized into three sections with one annex: Section One describes the\nstakeholders and urban systems and maps the main activities of the stakeholders to the systems,\nidentifying the degree of their engagement over time. Section Two discusses the respective roles\nof the stakeholders according to the five urban systems. Section Three comprises concluding\ncomments. Annex 1 summarizes the relevant themes, understandings and approaches gathered\nduring this research.},\n\tinstitution = {Global Alliance for Urban Crises},\n\tauthor = {Massella, Antonio and Sitko, Pamela},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n In protracted urban crises, which may last decades, a variety of programming responses are employed by a diverse range of stakeholders to address basic needs, disaster risks, peace building and access to basic services. Key stakeholders, which include local authorities, international organizations, local civil society organizations and, where relevant, built environment professionals, have a critical role to play in the overall goal of integrating internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees into city life as quickly as possible. This is in recognition of the rights of refugees and IDPs to live in urban areas as “rights-holders, contributors and partners in the development of towns and cities”1 . Where local authorities are unable, or unwilling, to fulfill their mandate, international agencies and local civil society organizations (CSOs) will often step into this role to fulfill these responsibilities, given uncertain timeframes and limited donor interest. However, the role of international agencies may be challenging to sustain (though there are exceptions, such as in the Gaza Strip). Many towns and cities hosting displaced populations often do so while grappling with rapid and unmanaged urbanization (often with substantial numbers living in poverty), climate change stresses, and increasing disaster risks. This paper identifies the divergences and convergences of activities between the four stakeholders identified above in assisting refugees and IDPs living in urban areas. Towns and cities themselves are described using a systems approach* . Five systems are identified: 1. Economy – livelihoods, jobs and support 2. Social protection and accountability – safety nets, gender-based violence (GBV) 3. Access to essential services – health, education, food 4. Built environment – homes and infrastructure (water, electricity) 5. Ecology – environment, climate change, disaster risk reduction (DRR). The paper is organized into three sections with one annex: Section One describes the stakeholders and urban systems and maps the main activities of the stakeholders to the systems, identifying the degree of their engagement over time. Section Two discusses the respective roles of the stakeholders according to the five urban systems. Section Three comprises concluding comments. Annex 1 summarizes the relevant themes, understandings and approaches gathered during this research.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Displacement Profiling in Urban Areas: Methodological Approaches for Collecting and Analysing Data on Internal Displacement in Cities.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Weihmayer, M.; Lundkvist-Houndoumadi, M.; and Kivelä, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Displacement$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{weihmayer_displacement_2019,\n\ttype = {Background {Paper} to {Global} {Report} on {Internal} {Displacement} 2019},\n\ttitle = {Displacement {Profiling} in {Urban} {Areas}: {Methodological} {Approaches} for {Collecting} and {Analysing} {Data} on {Internal} {Displacement} in {Cities}},\n\turl = {http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019/},\n\tabstract = {While there is general agreement of displacement’s impact on urban environments, evidence on the\nexperience of internally displaced populations in cities remains sparse. However, certain evidencegathering techniques and processes are gradually filling this gap. This article presents three case studies\nof displacement profiling in urban areas that tailored data collection and analysis to these contexts in\ndifferent ways. The approaches taken enabled a robust evidence-base to inform responses to internal\ndisplacement in those cities. The case studies from Mogadishu, Somalia (2015 - 2016); Erbil, Iraq (2015\n- 2016); and various cities in Syria (2018 - 2019), implemented by humanitarian, development and\ngovernment partners with support and technical advice from the interagency Joint IDP Profiling Service\n(JIPS), demonstrate continued learning for improved evidence.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Weihmayer, Melissa and Lundkvist-Houndoumadi, Margharita and Kivelä, Laura},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Displacement, Displacement profiling, IDPs},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Urbanization as a Result of Displacement - A Case Study of Bentiu, South Sudan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kang, T. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Urbanization$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{kang_urbanization_2019,\n\ttype = {Background {Paper} to {Global} {Report} on {Internal} {Displacement} 2019},\n\ttitle = {Urbanization as a {Result} of {Displacement} - {A} {Case} {Study} of {Bentiu}, {South} {Sudan}},\n\turl = {http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019/},\n\tabstract = {This report explores urbanization in Bentiu and Rubkona towns in Unity State, South Sudan. Using a\nhost community perception survey and qualitative interviews conducted in August of 2018, this case\nstudy examines the impact that the introduction of a Protection of Civilians site has had on urbanization,\nestablishes the perception of the host community, and clarifies what constitutes urbanization in a South\nSudanese context. The findings revealed that insecurity in the area had interrupted development in\nboth towns, which had consequently hindered urbanization in the area. The state’s access to oil\nrevenues was seen as a viable funding source for future development and economic stability, however\nrespondents noted that this was contingent on security in both the locality and the country at large.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Kang, Tarnjeet K.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Predicting Forced Population Displacement Using News Articles.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abrishamkar, S.; and Khonsari, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Machine Learning and Applications: An International Journal (MLAIJ), 6(1). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Predicting$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{abrishamkar_predicting_2019,\n\ttitle = {Predicting {Forced} {Population} {Displacement} {Using} {News} {Articles}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\turl = {https://airccj.org/csecfp/library/jvol.php?last=MLAIJ&volname=6&volno=1},\n\tabstract = {The world has witnessed mass forced population displacement across the globe. Population displacement has various indications, with different social and policy consequences. Mitigation of the humanitarian crisis requires tracking and predicting the population movements to allocate the necessary resources and inform the policymakers. The set of events that triggers population movements can be traced in the news articles. In this paper, we propose the Population Displacement-Signal Extraction Framework (PD-SEF) to explore a large news corpus and extract the signals of forced population displacement. PD-SEF measures and evaluates violence signals, which is a critical factor of forced displacement from it. Following signal extraction, we propose a displacement prediction model based on extracted violence scores. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of our framework in extracting high quality violence scores and building accurate prediction models.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Machine Learning and Applications: An International Journal (MLAIJ)},\n\tauthor = {Abrishamkar, Sadra and Khonsari, Forouq},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Digital Developments Harbingers of Humanitarian Change?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Maitland, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 15, Center for International Governance Innovation and World Refugee Council, June 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Digital$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{maitland_digital_2019,\n\ttype = {{WRC} {Research} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Digital {Developments} {Harbingers} of {Humanitarian} {Change}?},\n\turl = {https://www.cigionline.org/publications/digital-developments-harbingers-humanitarian-change},\n\tabstract = {Refugee crises, with millions of people seeking safety by fleeing across national borders, are unfolding amid increasingly intensive use of information and communication technologies. Mobile phones are indispensable digital companions to many people forced to flee their homes. Humanitarian organizations use biometrics, database and mobile payment systems, and artificial intelligence, aiming to streamline their services, enhance accountability and reduce costs.\n\nThese technologies have arguably improved refugees’ lives, and by some measures, improved assistance, yet they can also generate harms. While people are fleeing, information stored on their phones can make them targets for interrogation and torture. Easy access to disinformation can increase their vulnerability to fraud. The phones themselves can become infected with viruses and spyware, compromising sensitive information or impinging upon privacy. Humanitarian agencies’ use of complex information systems can create other vulnerabilities.\n\nThe author analyzes three digital trends with the potential to create profound changes, perhaps even to redraw the boundaries of what constitutes “protection,” a notion upon which the humanitarian system is based. Understanding these developments is critical for humanitarian leaders, public policy makers and academics to successfully inform and manage the shared responsibility of the protection of refugees and internally displaced people.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {15},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {Center for International Governance Innovation and World Refugee Council},\n\tauthor = {Maitland, Carleen},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Digital refugee, Humanitarian Change, Refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Opportunities and Challenges of Emerging Technologies for the Refugee System.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pakzad, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 11, Center for International Governance Innovation and World Refugee Council, May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Opportunities$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{pakzad_opportunities_2019,\n\ttype = {{WRC} {Research} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Opportunities and {Challenges} of {Emerging} {Technologies} for the {Refugee} {System}},\n\turl = {https://www.cigionline.org/publications/opportunities-and-challenges-emerging-technologies-refugee-system},\n\tabstract = {Efforts are being made to use information and communications technologies to improve accountability in providing refugee aid but there remains a pressing need for increased accountability and transparency when designing and deploying humanitarian technologies. This paper outlines the challenges and opportunities presented by these emerging technologies for the refugee system.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {Center for International Governance Innovation and World Refugee Council},\n\tauthor = {Pakzad, Roya},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Private Sector & Refugees: Pathways to Scale.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n IFC; and The Bridgespan Group\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report International Finance Corporation, Washington, D.C., April 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Private$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{ifc_private_2019,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {Private {Sector} \\& {Refugees}: {Pathways} to {Scale}},\n\turl = {https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/region__ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sub-saharan+africa/resources/psr-pathways-to-scale},\n\tabstract = {Rampant wars, conflict, and persecution are driving the world’s displaced population to record high numbers. According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), by the end of 2017, more than 68 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced—more than the entire population of the United Kingdom. More than a third of displaced persons have become refugees, seeking safety across international borders.\n\nA new IFC study—Private Sector \\& Refugees: Pathways to Scale—produced in partnership with The Bridgespan Group, takes an unprecedented look at over 170 initiatives in both Africa and the Middle East to understand the nature of, and derive lessons from, private sector engagement with refugees and host communities.\n\nThe study is the first to assess the landscape of initiatives and identify critical enablers for impact and scale and common pathways of private sector engagement that go beyond funding humanitarian assistance.},\n\tinstitution = {International Finance Corporation},\n\tauthor = {{IFC} and {The Bridgespan Group}},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact and Experience - Addressing Severity of Conflict Displacement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sydney, C.; and Milano, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, Geneva, February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Impact$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sydney_impact_2019,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttype = {Methodological {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Impact and {Experience} - {Addressing} {Severity} of {Conflict} {Displacement}},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/impact-and-experience-assessing-severity-of-conflict-displacement},\n\tabstract = {The experience of internally displaced people (IDPs) and their resulting vulnerability, differs significantly across displaced populations. In some contexts, IDPs are exposed to high levels of violence, malnutrition and disease in overcrowded and unsanitary displacement camps. In other cases, they are provided with free social housing and priority access to services.\n\nTo call attention to situations of particular concern, highlight key threats to IDPs’ safety and wellbeing, and better measure progress towards finding solutions to internal displacement, IDMC now aims to complement displacement figures with an assessment of displacement severity. By the end of 2019, IDMC aims to provide information on the severity of displacement in about 50 countries affected by conflict displacement. This report outlines the methodology adopted.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Sydney, Chloe and Milano, Leonardo},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reducing Protracted Internal Displacement: A Snapshot of Successful Humanitarian-Development Initiatives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zeender, G.; and Crowther, B. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report OCHA, June 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Reducing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{zeender_reducing_2019,\n\ttype = {Occasional {Policy} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Reducing {Protracted} {Internal} {Displacement}: {A} {Snapshot} of {Successful} {Humanitarian}-{Development} {Initiatives}},\n\turl = {https://www.unocha.org/publication/policy-briefs-studies/reducing-protracted-internal-displacement-snapshot-successful},\n\tabstract = {This paper provides important analyses to complement\nthe OCHA study I co-authored with Hannah Entwisle\nChapuisat, Breaking the Impasse: Reducing Protracted\nInternal Displacement as a Collective Outcome. In Breaking\nthe Impasse, we proposed seven steps to address internal\ndisplacement in fragile contexts where durable solutions\noften remained elusive. In that study, we also referred to\ninteresting projects which had combined humanitarian\nand development elements to improve the lives of IDPs. A\nfrequent comment I received when presenting the study was\nthe need to know more about such projects, and what made\nthem successful. This report aims to do exactly that.\nWhile each situation is unique and requires tailored solutions,\nthis paper offers valuable insights on how to best combine\nshort- and long-term initiatives of international organizations,\nlocal partners and governments, while taking into account the\nneeds of IDPs and host communities as well as market forces.\nWith the benefit of hindsight and evaluated projects, this research contributes to our knowledge about the sustainability of\nsuch initiatives. I thank the authors for undertaking such timely\nresearch and would welcome a follow-up report in a few years,\nas we seek to maximize humanitarian-development collaboration to reduce the vulnerabilities of internally displaced persons\nand others in need.},\n\tinstitution = {OCHA},\n\tauthor = {Zeender, Greta and Crowther, Bronwen James},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Leaving, Staying or Coming Back? Migration Decisions During the Northern Mali Conflict.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hoogeveen, J. G.; Rossi, M.; and Sansone, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Development Studies, 55(10): 2089–2105. October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Leaving,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hoogeveen_leaving_2019,\n\ttitle = {Leaving, {Staying} or {Coming} {Back}? {Migration} {Decisions} {During} the {Northern} {Mali} {Conflict}},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {0022-0388},\n\tshorttitle = {Leaving, {Staying} or {Coming} {Back}?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1510119},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00220388.2018.1510119},\n\tabstract = {This paper uses a unique dataset to analyse the migration dynamics of refugees, returnees and, internally displaced people from the Northern Mali conflict. Individuals were interviewed monthly using mobile phones. Our results cast light on the characteristics of these three groups before and after displacement. In addition, we test how employment and security were related to migration status, as well as the willingness to go back home. Individuals who were employed while displaced were less willing to go back to the North, while those who owned a gun were more likely to plan to go back. Additional indicators of personal safety played a lesser role.},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Development Studies},\n\tauthor = {Hoogeveen, Johannes G. and Rossi, Mariacristina and Sansone, Dario},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Conflict, Mali, Migration, Reintegration, Return},\n\tpages = {2089--2105},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sex Matters: A Gender Perspective on Internal Displacement.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cazabat, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, Geneva, February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{cazabat_sex_2019,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttype = {Briefing {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Sex {Matters}: {A} {Gender} {Perspective} on {Internal} {Displacement}},\n\tabstract = {Internal displacement impacts the livelihood, health, access to housing, infrastructure and education, security, social life and environment of all people affected by it. Yet men, boys, women, girls and people from sexual minority groups suffer from uneven repercussions in each of these areas.\n \nBuilding on a review of nearly 1,000 publications, this paper presents some of the most frequently reported gender inequalities linked with internal displacement and calls for better disaggregation of all related data and research.\n \nBridging this knowledge gap is essential to propose tailored solutions for internally displaced men, women, boys, girls and people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, intersex or queer (LGBTIQ), to mitigate the damages caused by internal displacement on society as a whole.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Cazabat, Christelle},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Twice Invisible: Accounting for Internally Displaced Children.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cazabat, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, Geneva, November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Twice$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{cazabat_twice_2019,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttype = {Thematic {Series}},\n\ttitle = {Twice {Invisible}: {Accounting} for {Internally} {Displaced} {Children}},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/twice-invisible-accounting-for-internally-displaced-children},\n\tabstract = {Internally displaced children are twice invisible in global and national data. First, because internally displaced people of all ages are often unaccounted for. Second, because age-disaggregation of any kind of data is limited, and even more so for IDPs.\n\nThis report presents the first estimates of the number of children living in internal displacement triggered by conflict and violence at the regional and national levels. It also presents some of the impacts of internal displacement children experience more often than adults, and it looks at policies and practices from around the world to identify options for supporting and protecting internally displaced children.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Cazabat, Christelle},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informing Durable Solutions for Internal Displacement in Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan - Volume B: Country Case Studies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n World Bank\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., April 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Informing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{world_bank_informing_2019,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttype = {Report},\n\ttitle = {Informing {Durable} {Solutions} for {Internal} {Displacement} in {Nigeria}, {Somalia}, {South} {Sudan}, and {Sudan} - {Volume} {B}: {Country} {Case} {Studies}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32626},\n\tabstract = {Understanding forced displacement and \n            developing effective solutions requires closing several \n            critical gaps in the data. With forced displacement rising \n            worldwide, the body of work on displacement is growing \n            rapidly. Data on internally displaced persons (IDPs) are \n            particularly problematic, as the distinction between IDPs \n            and internal migrants are not consistent across countries, \n            and as the presence and number of IDPs is often politicized. \n            While efforts have been made to create standardized \n            frameworks for collecting quantitative data on forced \n            displacement, important data gaps persist. This study helps \n            to close data gaps by using micro-level data to profile \n            IDPs. The report uses micro-data, defined as individual and \n            household-level data that is collected directly through \n            personal interviews. Comprehensive micro-data surveys cover \n            IDP populations in four countries in Sub Saharan Africa: \n            Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan. The micro-data \n            surveys represent IDPs, refugees, and non-displaced \n            populations. The analysis is guided by the durable solutions \n            indicator framework while the policy insights focus on \n            overcoming displacement-induced vulnerability. The analysis \n            examines the demographic structure of IDP and resident \n            populations and draws on reasons triggering displacement.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {{World Bank}},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informing Durable Solutions for Internal Displacement in Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan - Volume C: Technical Aspects.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n World Bank\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., April 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Informing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{world_bank_informing_2019-1,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttype = {Report},\n\ttitle = {Informing {Durable} {Solutions} for {Internal} {Displacement} in {Nigeria}, {Somalia}, {South} {Sudan}, and {Sudan} - {Volume} {C}: {Technical} {Aspects}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32628},\n\tabstract = {Understanding forced displacement and\n            developing effective solutions requires closing several\n            critical gaps in the data. With forced displacement rising\n            worldwide, the body of work on displacement is growing\n            rapidly. Data on internally displaced persons (IDPs) are\n            particularly problematic, as the distinction between IDPs\n            and internal migrants are not consistent across countries,\n            and as the presence and number of IDPs is often politicized.\n            While efforts have been made to create standardized\n            frameworks for collecting quantitative data on forced\n            displacement, important data gaps persist. This study helps\n            to close data gaps by using micro-level data to profile\n            IDPs. The report uses micro-data, defined as individual and\n            household-level data that is collected directly through\n            personal interviews. Comprehensive micro-data surveys cover\n            IDP populations in four countries in Sub Saharan Africa:\n            Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan. The micro-data\n            surveys represent IDPs, refugees, and non-displaced\n            populations. The analysis is guided by the durable solutions\n            indicator framework while the policy insights focus on\n            overcoming displacement-induced vulnerability. The analysis\n            examines the demographic structure of IDP and resident\n            populations and draws on reasons triggering displacement.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {{World Bank}},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informing Durable Solutions for Internal Displacement in Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan - Volume A: Overview.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n World Bank\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Informing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{world_bank_informing_2019-2,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttype = {Report},\n\ttitle = {Informing {Durable} {Solutions} for {Internal} {Displacement} in {Nigeria}, {Somalia}, {South} {Sudan}, and {Sudan} - {Volume} {A}: {Overview}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32627},\n\tabstract = {Understanding forced displacement and \n            developing effective solutions requires closing several \n            critical gaps in the data. With forced displacement rising \n            worldwide, the body of work on displacement is growing \n            rapidly. Data on internally displaced persons (IDPs) are \n            particularly problematic, as the distinction between IDPs \n            and internal migrants are not consistent across countries, \n            and as the presence and number of IDPs is often politicized. \n            While efforts have been made to create standardized \n            frameworks for collecting quantitative data on forced \n            displacement, important data gaps persist. This study helps \n            to close data gaps by using micro-level data to profile \n            IDPs. The report uses micro-data, defined as individual and \n            household-level data that is collected directly through \n            personal interviews. Comprehensive micro-data surveys cover \n            IDP populations in four countries in Sub Saharan Africa: \n            Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan. The micro-data \n            surveys represent IDPs, refugees, and non-displaced \n            populations. The analysis is guided by the durable solutions \n            indicator framework while the policy insights focus on \n            overcoming displacement-induced vulnerability. The analysis \n            examines the demographic structure of IDP and resident \n            populations and draws on reasons triggering displacement.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {{World Bank}},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Stuck in the Mud: Urban Displacement and Tenure Security in Kabul’s Informal Settlements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abdoh, M.; and Hirsch-Holland, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Stuck$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{abdoh_stuck_2019,\n\ttype = {Background {Paper} to {Global} {Report} on {Internal} {Displacement} 2019},\n\ttitle = {Stuck in the {Mud}: {Urban} {Displacement} and {Tenure} {Security} in {Kabul}’s {Informal} {Settlements}},\n\turl = {http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019/},\n\tabstract = {This paper examines three of Kabul’s 55 informal settlements in order to explore the effects of local\npower dynamics and individual interests on displacement and its disadvantaging effects. In one out of\nthe three settlements featured in the study, residents managed to purchase land with a written\ndocument proving ownership. In the other two sites, purported landowners and bureaucrats seem to\nexploit weaknesses in policy and legal frameworks to perpetuate tenure insecurity for their own gain –\nsuch as earning substantial income from rent, speculatively protecting land for potential real estate\ndevelopment, or grabbing land from others who may hold a claim to it. The research finds a stark\ndifference between these sites: in the former, residents have been able to build permanent structures,\nset up a school, and plan for the future; in the latter, they are prevented from upgrading their shelters,\nnot enrolling children in school, and live day-by-day in fear of eviction and homelessness.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Abdoh, Mohammad and Hirsch-Holland, Anna},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comparing the Experiences of Internally Displaced Persons in Urban vs. Rural Areas: Findings from a Longitudinal Study in Iraq, 2015-2017.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Davis, R.; Al-Shami, S.; Benton, G.; Moran, J.; McHugh, C.; Ruggiero, N.; and Hayat, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Comparing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{davis_comparing_2019,\n\ttype = {Background {Paper} to {Global} {Report} on {Internal} {Displacement} 2019},\n\ttitle = {Comparing the {Experiences} of {Internally} {Displaced} {Persons} in {Urban} vs. {Rural} {Areas}: {Findings} from a {Longitudinal} {Study} in {Iraq}, 2015-2017},\n\turl = {http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019/},\n\tabstract = {Millions of Iraqis were displaced by ISIS between 2014-2017. This longitudinal study tracks the needs,\nchallenges, and self-engineered solutions of IDPs not living in camps. The vast majority of IDPs report\nfeelings of safety where they now live. But in terms of livelihoods and standard of living, they have only\nfound temporary, rather than permanent solutions. Urban IDPs who worked in the agriculture sector\ncannot rebuild their farming and animal husbandry businesses without considerable assistance to make\nthe land safe again. Supporting public and private agricultural initiatives, housing projects, and micro\nloans programs will allow refugees to return and rebuild their homes or successfully integrate in their\nnew communities.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Davis, Rochelle and Al-Shami, Salma and Benton, Grace and Moran, Jake and McHugh, Caila and Ruggiero, Nicole and Hayat, Moez},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Employment, IDPs, IDPs in Rural Areas, IDPs in Urban Areas, Iraq},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n How Urban are IDPs and What Does that Mean for Their Economic Integration?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Huang, C.; and Graham, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"How$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{huang_how_2019,\n\ttype = {Background {Paper} to {Global} {Report} on {Internal} {Displacement} 2019},\n\ttitle = {How {Urban} are {IDPs} and {What} {Does} that {Mean} for {Their} {Economic} {Integration}?},\n\turl = {http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019/},\n\tabstract = {Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) face severe economic challenges. Because economic opportunities\ncluster around urban areas, understanding where IDPs are located is crucial to understanding their\npotential for achieving self-reliance. By analyzing the existing known locations of IDPs in developing\ncountries and visualizing them in an interactive map, we show that millions of IDPs are located in urban\nareas. Thus, stakeholders can and should pursue solutions to help IDPs achieve self-reliance, as greater\nself-reliance should create benefits for IDPs and hosts alike. Our analysis also underscores the lack of\ndata on IDP locations, implying that the urban rates we present are a minimum rather than an estimate.\nBetter data would allow policymakers to better target self-reliance programming and policies.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Huang, Cindy and Graham, Jimmy},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Urban Displaced: Fleeing Criminal Violence in Latin American Cities.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marston, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{marston_urban_2019,\n\ttype = {Background {Paper} to {Global} {Report} on {Internal} {Displacement} 2019},\n\ttitle = {The {Urban} {Displaced}: {Fleeing} {Criminal} {Violence} in {Latin} {American} {Cities}},\n\turl = {http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019/},\n\tabstract = {Criminal organizations and the violence they produce force individuals and families to flee within and\nfrom cities across Latin America. To increase understanding of this little-studied topic, this paper asks:\nWho flees within and from Latin American cities? What triggers their flight? And, upon fleeing, where\ndo they go and what are their experiences? This paper describes broad trends in criminal violenceinduced urban displacement around Latin America while also presenting fine-grained insights from\nMedellín, Colombia. Finally, concrete policy recommendations are offered for mitigating urban\ndisplacement due to criminal violence. Half of the recommendations are from the author’s analyses of\nsurvey data; half are qualitative accounts from displaced persons detailing what might have helped\nthem to stay in their homes.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Marston, Jerome},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cities as a Refuge, Cities as a Home: The Relationship between Place and Perceptions of Integration among Urban Displaced Populations in Iraq.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Guiu, R.; and Siddiqui, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Cities$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{guiu_cities_2019,\n\ttype = {Background {Paper} to {Global} {Report} on {Internal} {Displacement} 2019},\n\ttitle = {Cities as a {Refuge}, {Cities} as a {Home}: {The} {Relationship} between {Place} and {Perceptions} of {Integration} among {Urban} {Displaced} {Populations} in {Iraq}},\n\turl = {http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019/},\n\tabstract = {How does the socio-ecological context and urban morphology of the cities where IDPs reside influence\ntheir feelings of integration? Incorporating a two-fold definition of integration (belonging and influence\nin displacement), we use existing large-scale datasets covering locations across 4 governorates in Iraq\nto test whether place factors (development, governance and security, social capital, and demography),\nin addition to household characteristics, determines the likelihood of IDPs feeling integrated. We find\nthat place factors matter, and that it is harder for IDPs to fit into more stable and better functioning\nhost environments. We argue for the importance not only in improving conditions for all in fragile urban\nareas where IDPs reside, but in making more stable environments more inclusive as well.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Guiu, Roger and Siddiqui, Nadia},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Displaced people, IDPs, Iraq, Refugee},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Painting the Full Picture: Persistent Data Gaps on Internal Displacement Associated with Violence in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sardiza Miranda, Á.; Calvo Valderrama, A.; and Kissenkoetter, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Painting$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sardiza_miranda_painting_2019,\n\ttitle = {Painting the {Full} {Picture}: {Persistent} {Data} {Gaps} on {Internal} {Displacement} {Associated} with {Violence} in {El} {Salvador}, {Guatemala} and {Honduras}},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/painting-the-full-picture-displacement-data-gaps-in-the-ntca},\n\tabstract = {Internal displacement in the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA) is a serious and growing issue. However, the complex drivers and triggers of displacement in the region, many of which overlap or are interlinked, make it difficult to capture reliable data with which to fully gauge its magnitude.\n\nThis report presents the current situation in terms of data on internal displacement in the NTCA. Drawing on research and other reports on the topic it highlights the persistent data gaps in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, and identifies the data needed to capture and understand the phenomenon and inform policy and programming responses.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Sardiza Miranda, Álvaro and Calvo Valderrama, Adrián and Kissenkoetter, Michelle},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Global Report on Internal Displacement 2019.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n IDMC\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Global$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{idmc_global_2019,\n\ttitle = {Global {Report} on {Internal} {Displacement} 2019},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019/},\n\tabstract = {This year’s GRID focuses on urban internal displacement and presents new evidence on the humanitarian and development challenges presented by displacement to, between and within towns and cities.\n\nPart 1 - The global displacement landscape presents the new global figures for the year of 2018. Data, contextual analysis and urban perspectives are presented in regional overviews and country spotlights.\n\nPart 2 - Internal displacement data: from challenge to opportunity discusses why monitoring internal displacement systematically and independently matters. It identifies the main gaps in current practice and points to solutions for the future.\n\nPart 3 - Urban internal displacement: risk, impacts and solutions unpacks the main characteristics, risks, impacts and challenges related to urban internal displacement around the world, and presents opportunities and new approaches to dealing with them.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {{IDMC}},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Missing Persons: Refugees Left Out and Left Behind in the Sustainable Development Goals.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grossman, A.; and Post, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report International Rescue Committee, September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Missing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{grossman_missing_2019,\n\ttitle = {Missing {Persons}: {Refugees} {Left} {Out} and {Left} {Behind} in the {Sustainable} {Development} {Goals}},\n\turl = {https://www.rescue.org/report/missing-persons-refugees-left-out-and-left-behind-sdgs},\n\tinstitution = {International Rescue Committee},\n\tauthor = {Grossman, Allison and Post, Lauren},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Missing Persons, Refugees, SDGs},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Combining Outcome-Based and Preference-Based Matching: The g-Constrained Priority Mechanism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Acharya, A.; Bansak, K.; and Hainmueller, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 19-03, Immigration Policy Lab, February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Combining$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{acharya_combining_2019,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Combining {Outcome}-{Based} and {Preference}-{Based} {Matching}: {The} g-{Constrained} {Priority} {Mechanism}},\n\tshorttitle = {Combining {Outcome}-{Based} and {Preference}-{Based} {Matching}},\n\turl = {https://immigrationlab.org/working-paper-series/matching-refugees-host-country-locations-based-preferences-outcomes/},\n\tabstract = {Facilitating the integration of refugees has become a major policy challenge in many host countries in the context of the global displacement crisis. One of the first policy decisions host countries make in the resettlement process is the assignment of refugees to locations within the country. We develop a mechanism to match refugees to locations...},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\tnumber = {19-03},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {Immigration Policy Lab},\n\tauthor = {Acharya, Avidit and Bansak, Kirk and Hainmueller, Jens},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Violence and the perception of risk associated with hosting refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Braithwaite, A.; Chu, T. S.; Curtis, J.; and Ghosn, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Public Choice, 178(3): 473–492. March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Violence$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{braithwaite_violence_2019,\n\ttitle = {Violence and the perception of risk associated with hosting refugees},\n\tvolume = {178},\n\tissn = {1573-7101},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-018-0599-0},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11127-018-0599-0},\n\tabstract = {How do individuals’ experiences with political violence affect their perceptions regarding the risk associated with hosting refugees? This is an important question given that many communities are beginning to resent and oppose hosting refugees. To explore answers to the question, we study recent exposure to violence within Lebanon, which is a meaningful context since Lebanon serves as host to more than one million refugees from the Syrian Civil War. We adopt a novel empirical strategy to isolate the effect of exposure to violence upon perceptions of risk associated with hosting refugees. We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in the timing of violent events linked to refugee populations in Lebanon relative to the timing of responses to our nationally representative survey deployed between June and August 2017. Our empirical strategy compares individuals interviewed before and after violent attacks in Lebanon. The results suggest that recent exposure to violence by Syrian militants increases individuals’ perceptions of risk associated with hosting refugees from conflict zones, while exposure to violence carried out by Lebanese forces reduces perceptions of risk.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Public Choice},\n\tauthor = {Braithwaite, Alex and Chu, Tiffany S. and Curtis, Justin and Ghosn, Faten},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {473--492},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Economic Transfers and Social Cohesion in a Refugee-Hosting Setting.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Valli, E.; Peterman, A.; and Hidrobo, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Development Studies, 55(sup1): 128–146. December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Economic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{valli_economic_2019,\n\ttitle = {Economic {Transfers} and {Social} {Cohesion} in a {Refugee}-{Hosting} {Setting}},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {0022-0388},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2019.1687879},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00220388.2019.1687879},\n\tabstract = {There is increasing interest in understanding if social protection can foster social cohesion, particularly between refugees and host communities. Using a cluster randomised control trial, this study examines if a short-term transfer programme targeted to Colombian refugees and poor Ecuadorians in urban and peri-urban areas of northern Ecuador led to changes in social cohesion measures. The overall results suggest that the programme contributed to reported improvements in social cohesion among Colombian refugees in the hosting community through enhanced personal agency, attitudes accepting diversity, confidence in institutions, and social participation. However, the programme had no impact on social cohesion among Ecuadorians. The programme had no negative impacts on the indicators or domains analysed. Although it was not possible to identify specific mechanisms, impacts are hypothesised to be driven by the joint targeting of Colombians and Ecuadorians, the interaction between nationalities at monthly nutrition sessions, and the messaging around social inclusion by programme implementers.},\n\tnumber = {sup1},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Development Studies},\n\tauthor = {Valli, Elsa and Peterman, Amber and Hidrobo, Melissa},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Colombia, Refugees, Social cohesion},\n\tpages = {128--146},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Segregation and sentiment: estimating refugee segregation and its effects using digital trace data.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marquez, N.; Garimella, K.; Toomet, O.; Weber, I.; and Zagheni, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report WP-2019-021, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Segregation$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{marquez_segregation_2019,\n\taddress = {Rostock},\n\ttitle = {Segregation and sentiment: estimating refugee segregation and its effects using digital trace data},\n\tshorttitle = {Segregation and sentiment},\n\turl = {https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/publications_databases_6118/publications_1904/mpidr_working_papers/segregation_and_sentiment_estimating_refugee_segregation_and_its_effects_using_digital_trace_data_6335},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {WP-2019-021},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research},\n\tauthor = {Marquez, Neal and Garimella, Kiran and Toomet, Ott and Weber, Ingmar and Zagheni, Emilio},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2019-021},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Assessing Refugees’ Integration via Spatio-Temporal Similarities of Mobility and Calling Behaviors.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alfeo, A. L.; Cimino, M. G. C. A.; Lepri, B.; Pentland, A. S.; and Vaglini, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, 6(4): 726–738. August 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{alfeo_assessing_2019,\n\ttitle = {Assessing {Refugees}’ {Integration} via {Spatio}-{Temporal} {Similarities} of {Mobility} and {Calling} {Behaviors}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {2329-924X},\n\tdoi = {10.1109/TCSS.2019.2923216},\n\tabstract = {In Turkey, the increasing tension, due to the presence of 3.4 million Syrian refugees, demands the formulation of effective integration policies. Moreover, their design requires tools aimed at understanding the integration of refugees despite the complexity of this phenomenon. In this work, we propose a set of metrics aimed at providing insights and assessing the integration of Syrian refugees, by analyzing a real-world call detail record (CDR) dataset including calls from refugees and locals in Turkey throughout 2017. Specifically, we exploit the similarity between refugees' and locals' spatial and temporal behaviors, in terms of communication and mobility in order to assess integration dynamics. Together with the already known methods for data analysis, we use a novel computational approach to analyze spatio-temporal patterns: computational stigmergy, a bio-inspired scalar and temporal aggregation of samples. Computational stigmergy associates each sample with a virtual pheromone deposit (mark). Marks in spatiotemporal proximity are aggregated into functional structures called trails, which summarize the spatiotemporal patterns in data and allow computing the similarity between different patterns. According to our results, collective mobility and behavioral similarity with locals have great potential as measures of integration, since they are: 1) correlated with the amount of interaction with locals; 2) an effective proxy for refugee's economic capacity, and thus refugee's potential employment; and 3) able to capture events that may disrupt the integration phenomena, such as social tension.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems},\n\tauthor = {Alfeo, Antonio Luca and Cimino, Mario G. C. A. and Lepri, Bruno and Pentland, Alexander Sandy and Vaglini, Gigliola},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Analytical models, CDR, Computational stigmergy, Economics, Gravity, Measurement, Mobile handsets, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Syrian refugees, Tools, Turkey, behavioral similarity, collective mobility, computational stigmergy, computational stigmergy associates each sample, data analysis, data mining, effective integration policies, integration dynamics, integration phenomena, mobility, novel computational approach, potential employment, real-world call detail record dataset, refugee, segregation, social integration, social sciences computing, social tension, spatio-temporal patterns, spatio-temporal similarities, spatiotemporal patterns, spatiotemporal phenomena, unemployment, virtual pheromone deposit},\n\tpages = {726--738},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Attitudes Toward Migrants in a Highly-Impacted Economy: Evidence from the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alrababa'h, A.; Dillon, A.; Williamson, S.; Hainmueller, J.; Hangartner, D.; and Weinstein, J. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report ID 3325362, Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY, January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Attitudes$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{alrababah_attitudes_2019,\n\taddress = {Rochester, NY},\n\ttype = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Attitudes {Toward} {Migrants} in a {Highly}-{Impacted} {Economy}: {Evidence} from the {Syrian} {Refugee} {Crisis} in {Jordan}},\n\tshorttitle = {Attitudes {Toward} {Migrants} in a {Highly}-{Impacted} {Economy}},\n\turl = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3325362},\n\tabstract = {With international migration at a record high, a burgeoning literature has explored the drivers of public attitudes toward migrants. However, most studies to date have focused on developed countries, which have relatively fewer migrants and more capacity to absorb them. We address this sample bias by conducting a survey of public attitudes toward Syrians in Jordan, a developing country with one of the largest shares of refugees. Our analysis indicates that neither personal nor community-level exposure to the economic impact of the refugee crisis is associated with anti-migrant sentiments among natives. Further, an embedded conjoint experiment validated with qualitative evidence demonstrates the relative importance of humanitarian and cultural concerns over economic ones. Taken together, our findings weaken the case for egocentric and sociotropic economic concerns as critical drivers of anti-migrant attitudes, and demonstrate how humanitarian motives can sustain support for refugees when host and migrant cultures are similar.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {ID 3325362},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {Social Science Research Network},\n\tauthor = {Alrababa'h, Ala' and Dillon, Andrea and Williamson, Scott and Hainmueller, Jens and Hangartner, Dominik and Weinstein, Jeremy M.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Immigration, Middle East, Migration, Refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unpacking Attitudes on Immigrants and Refugees: A Focus on Household Composition and News Media Consumption.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Coninck, D.; Matthijs, K.; Debrael, M.; De Cock, R.; and d'Haenens , L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Media and Communication, 7(1): 43–55. February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Unpacking$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{de_coninck_unpacking_2019,\n\ttitle = {Unpacking {Attitudes} on {Immigrants} and {Refugees}: {A} {Focus} on {Household} {Composition} and {News} {Media} {Consumption}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2019 David De Coninck, Koen Matthijs, Marlies Debrael, Rozane De Cock, Leen d'Haenens},\n\tissn = {2183-2439},\n\tshorttitle = {Unpacking {Attitudes} on {Immigrants} and {Refugees}},\n\turl = {https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/1599},\n\tdoi = {10.17645/mac.v7i1.1599},\n\tabstract = {This study examines how household composition and news media consumption and trust are related to attitudes towards two minority groups—immigrants and refugees—in a representative sample of the adult population (n = 6000) in Belgium, Sweden, France, and the Netherlands. We find that Swedes hold the most positive attitudes towards both groups, while the French are found to be most negative. The Belgians and Dutch hold moderate attitudes. There is also evidence that attitudes on refugees are more negative than attitudes on immigrants in Sweden and France, but not in Belgium and the Netherlands. Using structural equation modeling, we find that household composition is not directly related to attitudes, but indirect effects through socio-economic status and media consumption indicate that singles hold more negative attitudes than couples. Public television consumption, popular online news consumption, and trust in media are positively related to attitudes, whereas commercial television consumption is negatively associated with them.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Media and Communication},\n\tauthor = {De Coninck, David and Matthijs, Koen and Debrael, Marlies and De Cock, Rozane and d'Haenens, Leen},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {attitudes, household composition, immigrant, media trust, news media consumption, refugees, socio-economic status},\n\tpages = {43--55},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee Economies in Addis Ababa: Towards Sustainable Opportunities for Urban Communities.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Betts, A.; Fryszer, L.; Sterck, N. O. undefined; and Olivier\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{betts_refugee_2019,\n\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\n\ttitle = {Refugee {Economies} in {Addis} {Ababa}: {Towards} {Sustainable} {Opportunities} for {Urban} {Communities}},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugee {Economies} in {Addis} {Ababa}},\n\turl = {https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/refugee-economies-in-addis-ababa-towards-sustainable-opportunities-for-urban-communities},\n\tabstract = {This report examines the precarious economic lives of refugee communities in Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa, and their interactions with the host community. Addis Ababa has only 22,000 registered refugees, out of a national refugee population of 900,000. They comprise two main groups: 17,000 Eritreans and 5000 Somali refugees. Based on qualitative research and a survey of 2441 refugees and members of the proximate host community, we examine the economic lives of the refugee communities and their interactions with the host community. We draw upon the data to consider the prospects for a sustainable urban response in the context of Ethiopia’s adoption of the new Refugee Proclamation in 2019, which appears to provide refugees with the right to work and freedom of movement.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Betts, Alexander and Fryszer, Leon and Sterck, Naohiko Omata {and} Olivier},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n How Business Can Invest in the Future of the Rohingya and Host Community in Bangladesh.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sun, I. Y.; Speakman, J.; and Huang, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Center For Global Development, December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"How$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sun_how_2019,\n\ttitle = {How {Business} {Can} {Invest} in the {Future} of the {Rohingya} and {Host} {Community} in {Bangladesh}},\n\turl = {https://www.cgdev.org/publication/how-business-can-invest-future-rohingya-and-host-community-bangladesh},\n\tabstract = {Bangladesh is hosting more than a million Rohingya refugees, and businesses have a critical role to play in improving the situation for them and their Bangladeshi host communities. We have identified four viable areas for business investment and procurement in Cox’s Bazar, the historically under-developed region that is hosting the Rohingya refugees: clean energy; fish, shrimp, and seafood; fruits such as mango and pineapple; and handicrafts, specialized clothing, and home goods. This brief covers the background to the crisis and how it is affecting Bangladesh, why business should get involved, what investment and sourcing opportunities exist, and what next steps for interested businesses could be.},\n\tinstitution = {Center For Global Development},\n\tauthor = {Sun, Irene Yuan and Speakman, John and Huang, Cindy},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Bangladesh, Market potential, Rohingya refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee Economies in Uganda: What Difference Does the Self-Reliance Model Make?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Betts, A.; Chaara, I.; Omata, N.; and Sterck, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{betts_refugee_2019-1,\n\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\n\ttitle = {Refugee {Economies} in {Uganda}: {What} {Difference} {Does} the {Self}-{Reliance} {Model} {Make}?},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugee {Economies} in {Uganda}},\n\turl = {https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/refugee-economies-in-uganda-what-difference-does-the-self-reliance-model-make},\n\tabstract = {Uganda gives refugees the right to work and freedom of movement through its self-reliance model. The model has been widely praised as one of the most progressive refugee policies in the world. New research by Alexander Betts, Imane Chaara, Naohiko Omata, and Olivier Sterck explores what difference the self-reliance model makes in practice. Which aspects work, under what conditions, and for whom? In order to answer these questions, they compare outcomes for refugees and host community members in Uganda and Kenya, neighbouring countries with contrasting refugee policy frameworks. They identify four major advantages to Uganda’s regulatory framework: greater mobility, lower transaction costs for economic activity, higher incomes, and more sustainable sources of employment. Nevertheless, there are some limitations to Uganda’s assistance model, notably in relation to the viability of its land allocation model in rural settlements, the inadequacy of access to education in the settlements, and the ineffectiveness of urban assistance. Overall, the research offers a strong endorsement of the value of allowing refugees the right to work and freedom of movement, but calls for a more nuanced view of the strengths and weaknesses of refugee assistance in Uganda.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Betts, Alexander and Chaara, Imane and Omata, Naohiko and Sterck, Olivier},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Doing Business in Kakuma: Refugees, Entrepreneurship, and the Food Market.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Betts, A.; Delius, A.; Rodgers, C.; Stierna, O. S. undefined; and Maria\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Doing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{betts_doing_2019,\n\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\n\ttitle = {Doing {Business} in {Kakuma}: {Refugees}, {Entrepreneurship}, and the {Food} {Market}},\n\tshorttitle = {Doing {Business} in {Kakuma}},\n\turl = {https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/doing-business-in-kakuma-refugees-entrepreneurship-and-the-food-market},\n\tabstract = {This report draws upon a business survey with food retailers to assess the impact of the ‘Bamba Chakula’ model of electronic food transfers and business contracts. The Kakuma refugee camps have become popularly associated with entrepreneurship. In 2016, the Kalobeyei settlement was opened 3.5 kms away from the Kakuma camps, with the intention of promoting the self-reliance of refugees and the host population, and delivering integrated services to both. Its development is guided by the Kalobeyei Integrated Social and Economic Development Programme (KISEDP), which offers a range of innovative, market-based approaches to refugee protection that diverge from the conventional aid model implemented in Kakuma. There have been few studies that examine the emergence of refugee-led markets at the business level, whether in the Kakuma camps, in the Kalobeyei settlement, or elsewhere. In order to address this gap, our research aimed to study one particular sector: the food market. This sector is of particular interest because it is such a significant part of economic life in refugee camps, and because it is heavily shaped by the modalities of food assistance provided by the international community. Kakuma is currently undergoing a gradual transition from in-kind food assistance to cash-based assistance, and as an interim step, it has introduced a food provision model called Bamba Chakula.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Betts, Alexander and Delius, Antonia and Rodgers, Cory and Stierna, Olivier Sterck {and} Maria},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Doing Business in Dadaab Report: Market Systems Analysis for Local Economic Development in Dadaab, Kenya.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n ILO; and UNHCR\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report ILO, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Doing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{ilo_doing_2019,\n\ttitle = {Doing {Business} in {Dadaab} {Report}: {Market} {Systems} {Analysis} for {Local} {Economic} {Development} in {Dadaab}, {Kenya}},\n\turl = {https://www.ilo.org/empent/Projects/refugee-livelihoods/publications/WCMS_696142/lang--en/index.htm},\n\tabstract = {The International Labour Organization (ILO) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) developed the Approach to Inclusive Market Systems (AIMS) to facilitate the development of market-based interventions for the economic inclusion of refugees and other forcibly displaced.\n\nFocusing on Dadaab, this study provides a market system analysis for interventions aimed at enabling the self-reliance of refugees and host communities, and thereby contributing to a broader local economic development (LED) agenda.\n\nTwo complementary pieces form the basis of this report:\nA socio-economic assessment and context analysis that seeks to lay out the challenges and opportunities that Dadaab offers\nA rapid value chain analysis that aims to identify sub-sectors and value chains that have the potential for inclusive growth.},\n\tinstitution = {ILO},\n\tauthor = {{ILO} and {UNHCR}},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Kenya},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Estimating Poverty for Refugee Populations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dang, H. H.; and Verme, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Estimating$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{dang_estimating_2019,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {Estimating {Poverty} for {Refugee} {Populations}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/271261575398109919/estimating-poverty-for-refugee-populations-can-cross-survey-imputation-methods-substitute-for-data-scarcity},\n\tabstract = {The increasing growth of forced\n            displacement worldwide has led to the stronger interest of\n            various stakeholders in measuring poverty among refugee\n            populations. However, refugee data remain scarce,\n            particularly in relation to the measurement of income,\n            consumption, or expenditure. This paper offers a first\n            attempt to measure poverty among refugees using cross-survey\n            imputations and administrative and survey data collected by\n            the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Jordan.\n            Employing a small number of predictors currently available\n            in the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n            registration system, the proposed methodology offers\n            out-of-sample predicted poverty rates. These estimates are\n            not statistically different from the actual poverty rates.\n            The estimates are robust to different poverty lines, they\n            are more accurate than those based on asset indexes or proxy\n            means tests, and they perform well according to targeting\n            indicators. They can also be obtained with relatively small\n            samples. Despite these preliminary encouraging results, it\n            is essential to replicate this experiment across countries\n            using different data sets and welfare aggregates before\n            validating the proposed method.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Dang, Hai-Anh H. and Verme, Paolo},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.1596/1813-9450-9076},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Labor Market Activities of Syrian Refugees in Turkey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kayaoglu, A.; and Erdogan, M. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1290, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Labor$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{kayaoglu_labor_2019,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Labor {Market} {Activities} of {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Turkey}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/labor-market-activities-of-syrian-refugees-in-turkey/},\n\tabstract = {Drawing on data from a survey of 1,235 Syrian refugees, this article examines individual, cohort and province-level factors associated with both their labor market activities (employment, unemployment and inactivity) and occupation statuses in the Turkish labor market. In the sample, only 38.6\\% of Syrians are employed and 50.4\\% of those who are working are either in irregular, seasonal jobs or work as an unpaid family worker. We find that those who are younger, men, having a diploma higher than secondary school and those who had higher income levels before migration and have better Turkish language proficiency, on average, have higher likelihood of being employed. Moreover, self-settlement is found to decrease the probability of being unemployed and increase the chance of being out of the labor market at the same time, compared to refugees living in temporary protection camps. Women at all ages are found to have higher probability of being inactive compared to men in the same age groups. For example, at age 30, women have 50 percentage point higher probability of being inactive when other control variables are held constant at their averages. Moreover, refugees who are women, having a higher-level of education and Turkish language proficiency are found to have higher likelihood of being employed as a regular worker. We also observe that there are some cohort and province specific factors that affect both labor market activity and job status. We see that later cohorts and those living in Bursa are more advantageous. Among the border provinces, Gaziantep is found to have better prospects for the employment of refugees in regular jobs.},\n\tnumber = {1290},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Kayaoglu, Aysegul and Erdogan, M. Murat},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Labor Market, Refugee, Syrian, Turkey},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n On the Relationship between Violent Conflict and Wages in Colombia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gimenez-Nadal, J. I.; Molina, J. A.; and Silva-Quintero, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Development Studies, 55(4): 473–489. April 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"On$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{gimenez-nadal_relationship_2019,\n\ttitle = {On the {Relationship} between {Violent} {Conflict} and {Wages} in {Colombia}},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {0022-0388},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1425393},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00220388.2018.1425393},\n\tabstract = {We analyse how forced displacements caused by violent conflict are related to the wages of workers in Colombia. Using data from the Quality of Life Survey (2011–2014), we analyse the differences in wages between those forced by violence to move to other regions, and those who moved for other reasons. We apply Propensity Score Matching techniques to compare workers from the two groups, finding that forced displacement is related to decreases of between 10 and 29 per cent in the wages of males, and between 18 and 37 per cent in the wages of females, relative to their counterparts. Thus, forced displacements are related to poorer labour market outcomes in terms of wages.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Development Studies},\n\tauthor = {Gimenez-Nadal, Jose Ignacio and Molina, José Alberto and Silva-Quintero, Edgar},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {473--489},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee Mobility: Evidence from Phone Data in Turkey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Beine, M.; Bertinelli, L.; Comertpay, R.; Litina, A.; Maystadt, J.; and Zou, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 19-01, Center for Research in Economic Analysis, University of Luxembourg, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{beine_refugee_2019,\n\ttitle = {Refugee {Mobility}: {Evidence} from {Phone} {Data} in {Turkey}},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugee {Mobility}},\n\turl = {https://ideas.repec.org/p/luc/wpaper/19-01.html},\n\tabstract = {Our research report employs the D4R data and combines it to several other sources to study one of the multiple aspects of integration of refugees, namely the mobility of refugees across provinces in Turkey. In particular, we employ a standard gravity model to empirically estimate a series of determinants of refugee movements. These include the standard determinants such as province characteristics, distances across provinces, levels of income, network effects as well as some refugee-specific determinants such as the presence of refugee camps and the intensity of phone call interaction among refugees. Importantly, we explore the effect of certain categories of news events, notably protests, violence and asylum grants. Considering news as an indicator of policy implemented at the provincial level we gain a better understanding as to how policy can facilitate refugee mobility and thus enhance integration. To benchmark our findings, we estimate the same model for the mobility of individuals with a non-refugee status.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {19-01},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {Center for Research in Economic Analysis, University of Luxembourg},\n\tauthor = {Beine, Michel and Bertinelli, Luisito and Comertpay, Rana and Litina, Anastasia and Maystadt, Jean-François and Zou, Benteng},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Gravity Model of Migration, Poisson, Refugee Mobility, Social Integration},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informing the Refugee Policy Response in Uganda.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bank, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Informing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{bank_informing_2019,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttype = {Report},\n\ttitle = {Informing the {Refugee} {Policy} {Response} in {Uganda}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/571081569598919068/informing-the-refugee-policy-response-in-uganda-results-from-the-uganda-refugee-and-host-communities-2018-household-survey},\n\tabstract = {The recent refugee influx is testing Uganda’s approach to managing refugees. Ensuring the success of Uganda’s refugee response is crucial. This report analyzes the living conditions, wellbeing and socio-economic profile of refugees and host communities in Uganda in order to inform this policy response.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Bank, World},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Living Conditions of Syrian Refugees in Jordan: Results from the 2017-2018 Survey of Syrian Refugees Inside and Outside Camps.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tiltnes, Å. A.; Zhang, H.; and Pedersen, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2019:04, Fafo, Oslo, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{tiltnes_living_2019,\n\taddress = {Oslo},\n\ttitle = {The {Living} {Conditions} of {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Jordan}: {Results} from the 2017-2018 {Survey} of {Syrian} {Refugees} {Inside} and {Outside} {Camps}},\n\turl = {https://www.fafo.no/index.php/zoo-publikasjoner/fafo-rapporter/item/the-living-conditions-of-syrian-refugees-in-jordan},\n\tabstract = {Based on data from a national household sample survey implemented between November 2017 and January 2018, this report describes and contrasts the living conditions and livelihoods of Syrian refugees in six geographic localities: Amman; Zarqa; Irbid; Mafraq; the other governorates taken together; and the refugee camps. Doing so, it finds that the situation of the refugees residing in the first three areas is significantly better than elsewhere. The report also compares the circumstances of Syrian refugees over time and shows that they have improved: educational enrolment is up, labour force participation rates are higher and unemployment lower, housing standards have improved and access to health care is decent. However, large numbers of refugees live in poverty and still depend on assistance and subsidised services.},\n\tnumber = {2019:04},\n\tinstitution = {Fafo},\n\tauthor = {Tiltnes, Åge A. and Zhang, Huafeng and Pedersen, Jon},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Jordan Vulnerability Assessment Framework Population Study 2019.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brown, H.; Giordano, N.; Maughan, C.; and Wadeson, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report UNHCR, Amman, Jordan, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Jordan$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{brown_jordan_2019,\n\taddress = {Amman, Jordan},\n\ttitle = {Jordan {Vulnerability} {Assessment} {Framework} {Population} {Study} 2019},\n\turl = {https://reliefweb.int/report/jordan/vulnerability-assessment-framework-population-study-2019},\n\tabstract = {The 2019 Vulnerability Assessment Framework (VAF) population study explores different types of vulnerability dimensions across multiple sectors from a representative sample of registered Syrian refugees in Jordan. This study provides information about vulnerabilities within the targeted population and contributes to reflection within UNHCR on how to interpret their multisectorial Home Visit assessments. By exploring relationships between vulnerability indicators and other data collected, the report outlines key trends and relationships. The report details predefined VAF indicators and then provides an in-depth descriptive analysis for each sector. The concluding section suggests links these results to make a series of recommendations on how to improve the identification of vulnerability within the Syrian refugee population in Jordan.},\n\tinstitution = {UNHCR},\n\tauthor = {Brown, Harry and Giordano, Nicola and Maughan, Charles and Wadeson, Alix},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Camp settlement and communal conflict in sub-Saharan Africa:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fisk, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peace Research. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Camp$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{fisk_camp_2019,\n\ttitle = {Camp settlement and communal conflict in sub-{Saharan} {Africa}:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2019},\n\tshorttitle = {Camp settlement and communal conflict in sub-{Saharan} {Africa}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318814588},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318814588},\n\tabstract = {Are areas that host encamped refugees more likely to experience communal conflict, and under what conditions? Building on insights from the refugee studies lite...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Fisk, Kerstin},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Camp Settlement, Communal conflict, Refugee Camps, Refugee Security, Refugees, Sub-Saharan Africa},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reexamining the Effect of Refugees on Civil Conflict: A Global Subnational Analysis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhou, Y.; and Shaver, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report ID 3107830, Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY, April 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Reexamining$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{zhou_reexamining_2019,\n\taddress = {Rochester, NY},\n\ttype = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Reexamining the {Effect} of {Refugees} on {Civil} {Conflict}: {A} {Global} {Subnational} {Analysis}},\n\tshorttitle = {Reexamining the {Effect} of {Refugees} on {Civil} {Conflict}},\n\turl = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3107830},\n\tabstract = {How does hosting refugees affect the likelihood of conflict? A large literature suggests that the presence of refugees is associated with higher risk of conflict for host countries. Using new global, geo-coded data on locations of refugee communities and civil conflict at the subnational level from 1989 to 2008, we find no support for claims that hosting refugees increases the likelihood of conflict onset or prolongs existing conflict. Moreover, we find that if refugee sites are geographically concentrated to one region within a country, that region experiences substantively large decreases in risk of conflict, especially when hosting formal refugee camps. We contend that in these conditions, state and humanitarian actors can better focus on infrastructure building and other development efforts. Additional analyses examining the density of road networks and interviews with experts on refugee settlement support our claim. To preclude the possibility of selection on unobserved confounders, we use placebo tests to show that there are no effects of future refugee sites on conflict or infrastructural outcomes. This research challenges assertions that refugees are security risks. Instead, we show that hosting refugees is in some cases associated with infrastructural development and conflict risk reduction.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {ID 3107830},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {Social Science Research Network},\n\tauthor = {Zhou, Yang-Yang and Shaver, Andrew},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {GIS, conflict, migration, refugees, road networks, subnational},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees Welcome? Understanding the Regional Heterogeneity of Anti Foreigner Hate Crimes in Germany.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Entorf, H.; and Lange, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 12229, IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany, March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{entorf_refugees_2019,\n\taddress = {Bonn, Germany},\n\ttype = {{IZA} {Discussion} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Refugees {Welcome}? {Understanding} the {Regional} {Heterogeneity} of {Anti} {Foreigner} {Hate} {Crimes} in {Germany}},\n\turl = {https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/12229/refugees-welcome-understanding-the-regional-heterogeneity-of-anti-foreigner-hate-crimes-in-germany},\n\tabstract = {In this article, we examine anti-foreigner hate crime in the wake of the large influx of asylum\nseekers to Germany in 2014 and 2015. By exploiting the quasi-experimental assignment\nof asylum seekers to German regions, we estimate the causal effect of an unexpected\nand sudden change in the share of the foreign-born population on anti-foreigner hate\ncrime. Our county-level analysis shows that not simply the size of regional asylum seeker\ninflows drives the increase in hate crime, but the rapid compositional change of the\nresidential population: Areas with previously low shares of foreign-born inhabitants that\nface large-scale immigration of asylum seekers witness the strongest upsurge in hate crime.\nEconomically deprived regions and regions with a legacy of anti-foreigner hate crimes are\nalso found to be prone to hate crime against refugees. However, when we explicitly control\nfor East-West German differences, the predominance of native-born residents at the local\nlevel stands out as the single most important factor explaining the sudden increase in hate\ncrime.},\n\tnumber = {12229},\n\tinstitution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},\n\tauthor = {Entorf, Horst and Lange, Martin},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Immigration and Crimes against Natives: The 2015 Refugee Crisis in Germany.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Huang, Y.; and Kvasnicka, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 12469, IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany, July 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Immigration$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{huang_immigration_2019,\n\taddress = {Bonn, Germany},\n\ttype = {{IZA} {Discussion} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Immigration and {Crimes} against {Natives}: {The} 2015 {Refugee} {Crisis} in {Germany}},\n\turl = {http://ftp.iza.org/dp12469.pdf},\n\tabstract = {In the 2015 refugee crisis, nearly one million refugees came to Germany, raising concern\nthat crimes against natives would rise. Using novel county-level data, we study this question\nempirically in first-difference and 2SLS regressions. Our results do not support the view\nthat Germans were victimized in greater numbers by refugees as measured by their rate of\nvictimization in crimes with refugee suspects. Our findings are of great policy and public\ninterest, and also of material relevance for the broader literature on immigration and crime\nwhich considers only crimes per capita or variants thereof, but never actual crimes by\nforeigners against natives. We show that this shortcoming can lead to biased inference.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12469},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},\n\tauthor = {Huang, Yue and Kvasnicka, Michael},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees and Elections: The Effects of Syrians on Voting Behavior in Turkey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fisunoğlu, A.; and Sert, D. Ş\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Migration, 57(2): 298–312. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{fisunoglu_refugees_2019,\n\ttitle = {Refugees and {Elections}: {The} {Effects} of {Syrians} on {Voting} {Behavior} in {Turkey}},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tcopyright = {© 2018 The Authors. International Migration © 2018 IOM},\n\tissn = {1468-2435},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees and {Elections}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/imig.12455},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/imig.12455},\n\tabstract = {In the wake of the Syrian civil war, more than three million people have fled to Turkey, which now hosts the largest refugee population on earth. Making up 4.42 per cent of the total population in Turkey as of February 2018, Syrian refugees are nevertheless spread unevenly within its borders. The ratio of refugees to the local population ranges from as high as 99per cent in the city of Kilis to as low as 0.05per cent in Sinop. This article presents findings from the empirical study of the effect of this geographical variation on election outcomes in Turkey, after the arrival of major refugee populations in 2012. Drawing on a unique subnational dataset and ordinary least squares (OLS), generalized least squares (GLS), and difference-in-differences (DiD) regressions, the study compares cities hosting few refugees (control group) with cities with large refugee populations (treatment group) to determine whether significant differences in voting patterns emerged. Our findings show a negative, but insignificant, impact on the incumbent party. The findings have policy implications for Turkey as well as any country that experiences a considerable flow of refugees.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {International Migration},\n\tauthor = {Fisunoğlu, Ali and Sert, Deniz Ş},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {298--312},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee Migration and Electoral Outcomes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dustmann, C.; Vasiljeva, K.; and Piil Damm, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Review of Economic Studies, 86(5): 2035–2091. October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{dustmann_refugee_2019,\n\ttitle = {Refugee {Migration} and {Electoral} {Outcomes}},\n\tvolume = {86},\n\tissn = {0034-6527},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/restud/article/86/5/2035/5112970},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/restud/rdy047},\n\tabstract = {Abstract.  To estimate the causal effect of refugee migration on voting outcomes in parliamentary and municipal elections in Denmark, our study is the first tha},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {The Review of Economic Studies},\n\tauthor = {Dustmann, Christian and Vasiljeva, Kristine and Piil Damm, Anna},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {2035--2091},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n No country for asylum seekers? How short-term exposure to refugees influences attitudes and voting behavior in Hungary.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gessler, T.; Tóth, G.; and Wachs, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n . January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"No$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{gessler_no_2019,\n\ttitle = {No country for asylum seekers? {How} short-term exposure to refugees influences attitudes and voting behavior in {Hungary}},\n\tshorttitle = {No country for asylum seekers?},\n\turl = {https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/qgpve/},\n\tdoi = {10.31235/osf.io/qgpve},\n\tabstract = {How does exposure to refugees influence political behavior? We present evidence from Hungary, a country with widespread anti-immigration attitudes, that short term exposure during the 2015 refugee crisis predicts anti-refugee voting and sentiment. We code exposure to refugees at the settlement level using news reports from state media, an independent online news site, and an online social media aggregator. Settlements through which refugees traveled showed significantly higher anti-refugee voting in a national referendum on resettlement in 2016. The effect, estimated between 1.7\\% and 3.6\\%, decreases sharply with distance from points of exposure. Using a difference-in-differences model, we find that the far-right opposition party Jobbik gained, while the governing right-wing Fidesz party lost votes in these settlements in subsequent parliamentary elections, suggesting incumbents are punished by voters in these settlements skeptical of immigration regardless of their policy position. Survey data supports this finding of a competition among right-wing parties, as individuals in exposed settlements are more fearful of immigrants and support more restrictive policies, though only if they identify as right-wing partisans.},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tauthor = {Gessler, Theresa and Tóth, Gergő and Wachs, Johannes},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Does Exposure to the Refugee Crisis Make Natives More Hostile?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hangartner, D.; Dinas, E.; Marbach, M.; Matakos, K.; and Xefteris, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n American Political Science Review, 113(2): 442–455. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Does$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hangartner_does_2019,\n\ttitle = {Does {Exposure} to the {Refugee} {Crisis} {Make} {Natives} {More} {Hostile}?},\n\tvolume = {113},\n\tissn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/does-exposure-to-the-refugee-crisis-make-natives-more-hostile/3E66D9B39336C652F9EF6D7EF9DF0735},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0003055418000813},\n\tabstract = {Although Europe has experienced unprecedented numbers of refugee arrivals in recent years, there exists almost no causal evidence regarding the impact of the refugee crisis on natives’ attitudes, policy preferences, and political engagement. We exploit a natural experiment in the Aegean Sea, where Greek islands close to the Turkish coast experienced a sudden and massive increase in refugee arrivals, while similar islands slightly farther away did not. Leveraging a targeted survey of 2,070 island residents and distance to Turkey as an instrument, we find that direct exposure to refugee arrivals induces sizable and lasting increases in natives’ hostility toward refugees, immigrants, and Muslim minorities; support for restrictive asylum and immigration policies; and political engagement to effect such exclusionary policies. Since refugees only passed through these islands, our findings challenge both standard economic and cultural explanations of anti-immigrant sentiment and show that mere exposure suffices in generating lasting increases in hostility.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {American Political Science Review},\n\tauthor = {Hangartner, Dominik and Dinas, Elias and Marbach, Moritz and Matakos, Konstantinos and Xefteris, Dimitrios},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {442--455},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Waking Up the Golden Dawn: Does Exposure to the Refugee Crisis Increase Support for Extreme-Right Parties?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dinas, E.; Matakos, K.; Xefteris, D.; and Hangartner, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Political Analysis, 27(2): 244–254. April 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Waking$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{dinas_waking_2019,\n\ttitle = {Waking {Up} the {Golden} {Dawn}: {Does} {Exposure} to the {Refugee} {Crisis} {Increase} {Support} for {Extreme}-{Right} {Parties}?},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {1047-1987, 1476-4989},\n\tshorttitle = {Waking {Up} the {Golden} {Dawn}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/political-analysis/article/waking-up-the-golden-dawn-does-exposure-to-the-refugee-crisis-increase-support-for-extremeright-parties/C50A127CC517968F2D0FA42A2A23FF85},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/pan.2018.48},\n\tabstract = {Does exposure to the refugee crisis fuel support for extreme-right parties? Despite heated debates about the political repercussions of the refugee crisis in Europe, there exists very little—and sometimes conflicting—evidence with which to assess the impact of a large influx of refugees on natives’ political attitudes and behavior. We provide causal evidence from a natural experiment in Greece, where some Aegean islands close to the Turkish border experienced sudden and drastic increases in the number of Syrian refugees while other islands slightly farther away—but with otherwise similar institutional and socioeconomic characteristics—did not. Placebo tests suggest that precrisis trends in vote shares for exposed and nonexposed islands were virtually identical. This allows us to obtain unbiased estimates of the electoral consequences of the refugee crisis. Our study shows that among islands that faced a massive but transient inflow of refugees passing through just before the September 2015 election, vote shares for Golden Dawn, the most extreme-right party in Europe, moderately increased by 2 percentage points (a 44 percent increase at the average). The finding that mere exposure to the refugee crisis is sufficient to fuel support for extreme-right parties has important implications for our theoretical understanding of the drivers of antirefugee backlash.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Political Analysis},\n\tauthor = {Dinas, Elias and Matakos, Konstantinos and Xefteris, Dimitrios and Hangartner, Dominik},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {causal inference, instrumental variables, natural experiments, panel data},\n\tpages = {244--254},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Spillover effects of the Venezuelan crisis: migration impacts in Colombia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Caruso, G.; Canon, C. G.; and Mueller, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford Economic Papers,1–25. November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Spillover$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{caruso_spillover_2019,\n\ttitle = {Spillover effects of the {Venezuelan} crisis: migration impacts in {Colombia}},\n\tshorttitle = {Spillover effects of the {Venezuelan} crisis},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/oep/article/doi/10.1093/oep/gpz072/5647315},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/oep/gpz072},\n\tabstract = {Abstract.  In the wake of the Venezuelan crisis, Colombian migrants are returning to their place of birth. Since 2016, however, there has been a spike of immigr},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Oxford Economic Papers},\n\tauthor = {Caruso, German and Canon, Christian Gomez and Mueller, Valerie},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {1--25},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Labor Market Effects of a Refugee Wave: Synthetic Control Method Meets the Mariel Boatlift.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peri, G.; and Yasenov, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Human Resources, 54(2): 267–309. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{peri_labor_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Labor} {Market} {Effects} of a {Refugee} {Wave}: {Synthetic} {Control} {Method} {Meets} the {Mariel} {Boatlift}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tissn = {1548-8004},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Labor} {Market} {Effects} of a {Refugee} {Wave}},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/article/724354},\n\tabstract = {We apply the synthetic control method to reexamine the labor market effects of the Mariel Boatlift, first studied by David Card (1990). This method improves on previous studies by choosing a control group of cities that best matches Miami's labor market trends pre-Boatlift and providing more reliable inference. Using a sample of non-Cuban high school dropouts we find no significant difference in the wages of workers in Miami relative to its control after 1980. We also show that by focusing on small subsamples and matching the control group on a short pre-1979 series, as done in Borjas (2017), one can find large wage differences between Miami and the control because of large measurement error.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Human Resources},\n\tauthor = {Peri, Giovanni and Yasenov, Vasil},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {267--309},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The impact of refugees on employment and wages in Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fallah, B.; Krafft, C.; and Wahba, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Development Economics, 139: 203–216. June 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{fallah_impact_2019,\n\ttitle = {The impact of refugees on employment and wages in {Jordan}},\n\tvolume = {139},\n\tissn = {0304-3878},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387818310344},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2019.03.009},\n\tabstract = {Starting in 2011, the Syrian conflict caused a large influx of refugees into Jordan. In 2015, there were an estimated 1.3 million Syrians in a country with just 6.6 million Jordanians. This paper investigates the impact of the Syrian refugee influx on the Jordanian labor market. Panel data from 2010 to 2016 combined with information on where the refugee influx was concentrated allow us to identify the impact of refugees on Jordanians’ labor market outcomes. Overall, we find that Jordanians living in areas with a high concentration of refugees have had no worse labor market outcomes than Jordanians with less exposure to the refugee influx.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Development Economics},\n\tauthor = {Fallah, Belal and Krafft, Caroline and Wahba, Jackline},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Employment, Jordan, Labor markets, Refugees, Unemployment, Wages},\n\tpages = {203--216},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Living with the Neighbors: The Effect of Venezuelan Forced Migration on Wages in Colombia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peñaloza Pacheco, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 248, Center of Distributive, Labor and Social Studies (CEDLAS), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, July 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Living$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{penaloza_pacheco_living_2019,\n\ttitle = {Living with the {Neighbors}: {The} {Effect} of {Venezuelan} {Forced} {Migration} on {Wages} in {Colombia}},\n\turl = {http://www.cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar/wp/en/no-248/},\n\tabstract = {The aim of this paper is to estimate the causal effect of the migration of Venezuelans to Colombia on the Colombian real wage, since 2016. In the second semester of 2016, the borders between Colombia and Venezuela were reopened after a year of being closed due to a political crisis between the two countries; this re-opening is exploited as an identification strategy. Using data from the Unidad Administrativa Especial de Migraci´on Colombia and the Registro Administrativo de Migrantes Venezolanos in Colombia, we estimate that, the migratory flow of Venezuelans to Colombia increased the Economically Active Population of the border areas of La Guajira and Norte de Santander by approximately 10\\% and 15\\%, since its reopening. We implement a differences-in-differences methodology and the Synthetic Control Method and find that the increase in labor supply in these regions that resulted from the migratory flow generated a decline in real hourly wages of approximately 6\\%-9\\% on average. This decrease in real wages appears to be greater for men as compared to women. There is also evidence of a greater drop in real wages among people with lower levels of qualification and in conditions of informal employment.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\tnumber = {248},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {Center of Distributive, Labor and Social Studies (CEDLAS), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata},\n\tauthor = {Peñaloza Pacheco, Leonardo},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Colombia, Host Community, Migration, Venezuela, forced migration},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Two and a Half Million Syrian Refugees, Tasks and Capital Intensity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Akgündüz, Y. E.; and Torun, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report No. 19/23, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (TCMB), August 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Two$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{akgunduz_two_2019,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Two and a {Half} {Million} {Syrian} {Refugees}, {Tasks} and {Capital} {Intensity}},\n\turl = {https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/EN/TCMB+EN/Main+Menu/Publications/Research/Working+Paperss/2019/19-23},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {No. 19/23},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (TCMB)},\n\tauthor = {Akgündüz, Yusuf Emre and Torun, Huzeyfe},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Labor Market Effects of Refugee Waves: Reconciling Conflicting Results.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Clemens, M. A.; and Hunt, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ILR Review, 72(4): 818–857. August 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{clemens_labor_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Labor} {Market} {Effects} of {Refugee} {Waves}: {Reconciling} {Conflicting} {Results}},\n\tvolume = {72},\n\tissn = {0019-7939},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Labor} {Market} {Effects} of {Refugee} {Waves}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793918824597},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0019793918824597},\n\tabstract = {Studies have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the labor market effects of exogenous refugee waves such as the Mariel Boatlift in Miami. The authors show that contradictory findings on the effects of the Mariel Boatlift can be explained by a large difference in the pre- and post-Boatlift racial composition in certain very small subsamples of workers in the Current Population Survey. This compositional change is specific to Miami and unrelated to the Boatlift. They also show that conflicting findings on the labor market effects of other important refugee waves are caused by spurious correlation in some analyses between the instrument and the endogenous variable, introduced by applying a common divisor to both. As a whole, the evidence from refugee waves reinforces the existing consensus that the impact of immigration on average native-born workers is small, and it fails to substantiate claims of large detrimental effects on workers with less than a high school education.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {ILR Review},\n\tauthor = {Clemens, Michael A. and Hunt, Jennifer},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {818--857},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Assessing the direct and spillover effects of shocks to refugee remittances.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alix-Garcia, J.; Walker, S.; and Bartlett, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n World Development, 121: 63–74. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Assessing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{alix-garcia_assessing_2019,\n\ttitle = {Assessing the direct and spillover effects of shocks to refugee remittances},\n\tvolume = {121},\n\tissn = {0305-750X},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X19301044},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.04.015},\n\tabstract = {We examine the impact of exogenously shutting down remittances to Kakuma refugee camp in northern Kenya during 2015. We find that the remittance shutdown did not reduce refugee consumption on average. However, it did decrease consumption of households that previously received remittances through the networks that were closed, while simultaneously increasing consumption for those who continued to receive remittances through other mechanisms. The shutdown also resulted in decreases in the probability of consuming a variety of goods by the host population, particularly those with livelihoods linked to the refugee camp. These findings underscore the tight links between refugee camps and surrounding communities, and are a testament to the multiplier effects of remittances.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {World Development},\n\tauthor = {Alix-Garcia, Jennifer and Walker, Sarah and Bartlett, Anne},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Impacts on hosts, Refugees, Remittances},\n\tpages = {63--74},\n}\n\n

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@article{maystadt_development_2019,\n\ttitle = {The development push of refugees: evidence from {Tanzania}},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1468-2702},\n\tshorttitle = {The development push of refugees},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/joeg/article/19/2/299/4984499},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jeg/lby020},\n\tabstract = {Abstract.  We exploit a 1991–2010 Tanzanian household panel to assess the effects of the temporary refugee inflows originating from Burundi (1993) and Rwanda (1},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Economic Geography},\n\tauthor = {Maystadt, Jean-François and Duranton, Gilles},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {299--334},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unveiling the Cost of Internal Displacement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cazabat, C.; and Tucci, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, Geneva, February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Unveiling$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{cazabat_unveiling_2019,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttitle = {Unveiling the {Cost} of {Internal} {Displacement}},\n\turl = {http://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/unveiling-the-cost-of-internal-displacement},\n\tabstract = {Internal displacement can limit affected people’s ability to contribute to the economy and generate specific needs that must be paid for by IDPs, their hosts, their government or other aid providers. This report presents our first estimates of the financial impact of major displacement crises in eight countries: the Central African Republic, Haiti, Libya, the Philippines, Somalia, South Sudan, Ukraine and Yemen. Using publicly available data and an original methodology, this report assesses the costs and losses associated with internal displacement’s most direct consequences on health, shelter, education, security and livelihoods.\n\nAlthough they uncover only a fraction of the economic impacts of internal displacement, these estimates amount to a noticeable share of the countries’ GDP. Multiplying the average impact per IDP per year (\\$310) to the total number of IDPs recorded across the world - 40 million as of the end of 2017 - would amount to nearly \\$13 billion. Though more research is needed to analyse more countries and account for more impacts, this report already points to the risk internal displacement represents, not only for security and human rights, but also for national development.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Cazabat, Christelle and Tucci, Marco},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Impact of Forced Displacement on Host Communities : A Review of the Empirical Literature in Economics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Verme, P.; and Schuettler, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report WPS8727, World Bank, Washington, D.C., February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{verme_impact_2019,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {The {Impact} of {Forced} {Displacement} on {Host} {Communities} : {A} {Review} of the {Empirical} {Literature} in {Economics}},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/654811549389186755/the-impact-of-forced-displacement-on-host-communities-a-review-of-the-empirical-literature-in-economics},\n\tabstract = {The paper reviews 49 empirical studies that estimate the impact of forced displacement on host communities. A review of the empirical models used by these studies and a meta-analysis of 762 separate results collected from them are the main contributions of the paper. Coverage extends to 17 major forced displacement crises that occurred between 1922 and 2015, to host countries at different levels of economic development and different types of forced migrants. The focus is on outcomes related to household well-being, prices, employment, and wages. All studies can be classified as ex post quasi-natural experiments. The analysis on empirical modeling shows a preference for partial equilibrium modeling, differences-in-differences evaluation methods, and cross-section econometrics, with all these choices largely dependent on the type of data available. The meta-analysis on household well-being shows that between 45 and 52 percent of the results are positive and significant, indicating a net improvement in household well-being. An additional 34 to 42 percent of the results are found to be nonsignificant, and 6 to 20 percent show a decrease in household well-being. The analyses on employment and wages show positive and significant improvements for 12 to 20 percent of the results, nonsignificant results in 63 percent of the cases, and negative and significant results for 22 to 25 percent of the results. Negative results on employment and wages relate to young and informal workers in middle-income countries. The results on prices show asymmetric behavior across types of products. Overall, the probability of having a negative outcome for host communities in the consumer and labor markets is below 20 percent.},\n\tnumber = {WPS8727},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Verme, Paolo and Schuettler, Kirsten},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Intergenerational Impact of Population Shocks on Children's Health : Evidence from the 1993-2001 Refugee Crisis in Tanzania.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wang, S.; Soazic, E.; and Verme, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report WPS9075, World Bank, Washington, D.C., December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Intergenerational$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{wang_intergenerational_2019,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {Intergenerational {Impact} of {Population} {Shocks} on {Children}'s {Health} : {Evidence} from the 1993-2001 {Refugee} {Crisis} in {Tanzania}},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/520491575397140628/intergenerational-impact-of-population-shocks-on-childrens-health-evidence-from-the-1993-2001-refugee-crisis-in-tanzania},\n\tabstract = {This paper examines how parents' early childhood exposure to a refugee crisis impacts their children's health status. Based on Demographic and Health Survey data from Tanzania with the migration history of mothers and fathers, the analysis exploits geographical, time, and cohort variations using shock intensity and distance from refugee camps to instrument treatment. The findings show that children who were born to parents who were living closer to refugee camps during their early childhood have lower height for their age and are more likely to be stunted. The results are robust to alternative functional forms of the distance from camps, alternative specifications of the treatment and control groups, alternative cohorts of mothers, and several placebo tests.},\n\tnumber = {WPS9075},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Wang, Sonne and Soazic, Elise and Verme, Paolo},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n An audit of healthcare provision in internally displaced population camps in Nigeria.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ekezie, W.; Timmons, S.; Myles, P.; Siebert, P.; Bains, M.; and Pritchard, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England), 41(3): 583–592. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{ekezie_audit_2019,\n\ttitle = {An audit of healthcare provision in internally displaced population camps in {Nigeria}},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tissn = {1741-3850},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdy141},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Armed conflict in Nigeria resulted in more than 2 million internally displaced persons (IDPs). IDPs live in poor conditions lacking basic resources with variable provision across different locations. This audit aimed to determine the health-related resources available to IDPs in camp-like settings in Nigeria and whether these met international standards.\nMETHODS: Using a cross-sectional study approach, information was collected in nine camps across seven states from camp managers, and direct observation in September-October 2016. The Sphere minimum standards in humanitarian crises were used as the audit standards.\nFINDINGS: The 5 of 15 assessed standards were met to some extent, including the availability of water and shelter. Sanitation and vaccination were unmet in five camps, with severe overcrowding in five camps, and inadequate waste disposal in all camps. Health programme implementation was uneven, and especially poor in self-settled and dispersed settlements.\nCONCLUSION: Inequality in distribution of humanitarian support was observed across different settings, which could lead to a higher likelihood of water, food and air-related diseases and thereby, a poorer quality of life for IDPs. Ensuring standardized health assessments could promote a more even distribution of resources across IDP locations.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England)},\n\tauthor = {Ekezie, Winifred and Timmons, Stephen and Myles, Puja and Siebert, Penelope and Bains, Manpreet and Pritchard, Catherine},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpmid = {30137460},\n\tkeywords = {Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Facilities, Health Personnel, Health Services Needs and Demand, Housing, Humans, Management Audit, Nigeria, Refugees, Sanitation, displacement camps, healthcare, internally displaced persons, public health},\n\tpages = {583--592},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Violence and the formation of hopelessness: Evidence from internally displaced persons in Colombia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moya, A.; and Carter, M. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n World Development, 113: 100–115. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Violence$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{moya_violence_2019,\n\ttitle = {Violence and the formation of hopelessness: {Evidence} from internally displaced persons in {Colombia}},\n\tvolume = {113},\n\tissn = {0305-750X},\n\tshorttitle = {Violence and the formation of hopelessness},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X18303152},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.015},\n\tabstract = {We explore the impact of violence on beliefs about socioeconomic mobility. For this purpose, we bring together data on the severity of the household-level experience of violence, symptoms of psychological trauma, and subjective probabilities of future positions in a ladder of life for a sample of internally displaced persons in Colombia. After controlling for current socioeconomic circumstances and asset losses, we find that the experience of more severe violence dampens the beliefs about socioeconomic mobility. The estimated impacts are large: a one standard deviation increase in the number of violent events experienced by the household raises the perceived probability of extreme poverty in the following year by 54 percent relative to the mean. In the long run, the expected likelihood of extreme poverty is almost three times higher for victims at the 4th quartile of the distribution of the severity of violence than for victims at the 1st quartile. Additional evidence suggests that psychological trauma explains this result, identifying a channel by which these hopeless beliefs can become self-confirming. Together, the results point to the existence of a behavioral poverty trap and highlight the importance of rethinking the strategies to promote the socioeconomic recovery of victims of violence.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {World Development},\n\tauthor = {Moya, Andrés and Carter, Michael R.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Beliefs, Colombia, Forced displacement, Hopelessness, Trauma, Violence},\n\tpages = {100--115},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Forced Migration and Asylum Policy in the Developing World.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grossman, G.; Blair, C. W.; and Weinstein, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Forced$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@misc{grossman_forced_2019,\n\ttitle = {Forced {Migration} and {Asylum} {Policy} in the {Developing} {World}},\n\turl = {https://worldbankgroup.webex.com/recordingservice/sites/worldbankgroup/recording/43d37c88f4ff44ddadf4177ca4b508eb},\n\tauthor = {Grossman, Guy and Blair, Christopher W. and Weinstein, Jeremy},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Governance of the Global Refugee Regime.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Betts, A.; and Milner, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n , (13). May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Governance$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{betts_governance_2019,\n\ttitle = {Governance of the {Global} {Refugee} {Regime}},\n\turl = {https://www.cigionline.org/publications/governance-global-refugee-regime},\n\tabstract = {The modern refugee regime lacks a clearly defined system of governance: individual states are responsible for implementing the regime’s norms within their own territories and jurisdictions, while decisions taken in parallel policy fields, such as security, development and migration, have a considerable impact on the regime’s functioning. Further, governance of the regime has often been conflated with governance of the regime’s primary organization, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. Important forms of coordination, dialogue and political engagement, all necessary for facilitating international cooperation and realizing the regime’s core objectives of protection and solutions for refugees, are challenged by these issues. The authors propose a model for enhanced governance of the regime that could contribute to improved protection and solutions for refugees and to more predictability for states and the international system.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {13},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tauthor = {Betts, Alexander and Milner, James},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Forced Displacement in Africa: Anchors not Walls.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n UK House of Commons\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report UK Government, House of Commons, International Development Committee, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Forced$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{uk_house_of_commons_forced_2019,\n\ttitle = {Forced {Displacement} in {Africa}: {Anchors} not {Walls}},\n\turl = {https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmintdev/1433/143302.htm},\n\tinstitution = {UK Government, House of Commons, International Development Committee},\n\tauthor = {{UK House of Commons}},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Syrian Refugee Crisis in the Kurdish Region of Iraq: Explaining the Role of Borders in Situations of Forced Displacement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dionigi, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Migration, 57(2): 10–31. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{dionigi_syrian_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Syrian} {Refugee} {Crisis} in the {Kurdish} {Region} of {Iraq}: {Explaining} the {Role} of {Borders} in {Situations} of {Forced} {Displacement}},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tcopyright = {© 2018 The Authors. International Migration © 2018 IOM},\n\tissn = {1468-2435},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Syrian} {Refugee} {Crisis} in the {Kurdish} {Region} of {Iraq}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/imig.12468},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/imig.12468},\n\tabstract = {More than 250,000 Syrian refugees have relocated in the Kurdish Region of Iraq since 2011. The local response has been relatively receptive towards them. This study proposes an analysis of the concept of border and applies the idea of “border thinness” as an interpretative framework to examine the nature of transborder relations between the Iraqi and Syrian Kurdish areas. Relying on secondary sources, technical and elite level interviews with social and political actors in KRI, the analysis highlights how Kurdish areas of Syria and Iraq have maintained transborder relations which shaped the dynamics of displacement from Syria and constituted the context for a relatively receptive stance towards Syrian Kurdish refugees. Borders do not always mark a sharp territorial separation between social, political, and economic realities; instead a more complex conceptualization exposes transborder relational spaces, explaining the modes of displacement and its responses from host communities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Migration},\n\tauthor = {Dionigi, Filippo},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {10--31},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Prospects for the Global Compacts in Africa: Combining International Solidarity with Home-Grown Solutions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ndonga Githinji, E.; and Wood, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 699–703. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Prospects$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{ndonga_githinji_prospects_2019,\n\ttitle = {Prospects for the {Global} {Compacts} in {Africa}: {Combining} {International} {Solidarity} with {Home}-{Grown} {Solutions}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\tshorttitle = {Prospects for the {Global} {Compacts} in {Africa}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/699/5321874},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey072},\n\tabstract = {Africa is one of the world’s most mobile regions. In 2017, the United Nations (UN) reported that there were nearly 25 million people living outside their countr},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Ndonga Githinji, Eunice and Wood, Tamara},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {699--703},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Global Compacts and the Dilemma of Children in Immigration Detention.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Muntarbhorn, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 668–673. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{muntarbhorn_global_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Global} {Compacts} and the {Dilemma} of {Children} in {Immigration} {Detention}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/668/5304538},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey070},\n\tabstract = {2018 is a significant year for the global community to converge on two global commitments together: the Global Compact on Refugees (Refugee Compact) and the Glo},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Muntarbhorn, Vitit},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {668--673},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Promise and Potential of the Global Compact on Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Türk, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 575–583. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{turk_promise_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Promise} and {Potential} of the {Global} {Compact} on {Refugees}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/575/5310191},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey068},\n\tabstract = {It is my pleasure to open this special issue with some reflections on the Global Compact on Refugees1 and its potential to shape our collective approaches to re},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Türk, Volker},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {575--583},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Global Compacts and the Future of Refugee and Migrant Protection in the Asia Pacific Region.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Goodwin-Gill, G. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 674–683. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{goodwin-gill_global_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Global} {Compacts} and the {Future} of {Refugee} and {Migrant} {Protection} in the {Asia} {Pacific} {Region}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/674/5310193},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey064},\n\tabstract = {Whether the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol are still relevant to today’s displacement challenges is a recurring question, particularly with the p},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Goodwin-Gill, Guy S.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {674--683},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Global Cop-Out on Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hathaway, J. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 591–604. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hathaway_global_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Global} {Cop}-{Out} on {Refugees}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/591/5310192},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey062},\n\tabstract = {During the drafting of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a non-governmental observer – clearly frustrated by the difficulty of securing firm commitments to protect r},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Hathaway, James C.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {591--604},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Normative Impact of the Global Compact on Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gammeltoft-Hansen, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 605–610. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{gammeltoft-hansen_normative_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Normative} {Impact} of the {Global} {Compact} on {Refugees}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/605/5310459},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey061},\n\tabstract = {When Ban Ki-moon launched the idea of a Global Compact on Refugees (Refugee Compact) in his 2016 report In Safety and Dignity, it was with an ambition to secure},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Gammeltoft-Hansen, Thomas},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {605--610},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees and (Other) Migrants: Will the Global Compacts Ensure Safe Flight and Onward Mobility for Refugees?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Costello, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 643–649. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{costello_refugees_2019,\n\ttitle = {Refugees and ({Other}) {Migrants}: {Will} the {Global} {Compacts} {Ensure} {Safe} {Flight} and {Onward} {Mobility} for {Refugees}?},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees and ({Other}) {Migrants}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/643/5288417},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey060},\n\tabstract = {The New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants is a unanimous United Nations (UN) General Assembly Resolution which was adopted by Heads of State and Govern},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Costello, Cathryn},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {643--649},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Unfinished Work of the Global Compact on Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Aleinikoff, T. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 611–617. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{aleinikoff_unfinished_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Unfinished} {Work} of the {Global} {Compact} on {Refugees}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/611/5258096},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey057},\n\tabstract = {As a result of a mass flow of Syrian refugees and African migrants across the Mediterranean, which peaked in 2015, European States wanted something done at the},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Aleinikoff, T. Alexander},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {611--617},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Global Compact on Refugees: Towards a Theory of Change?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Betts, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 623–626. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{betts_global_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Global} {Compact} on {Refugees}: {Towards} a {Theory} of {Change}?},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Global} {Compact} on {Refugees}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/623/5250670},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey056},\n\tabstract = {The Global Compact on Refugees (Refugee Compact) addresses one of the most significant gaps in the international refugee regime. Since the creation of the moder},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Betts, Alexander},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {623--626},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indicators for the Global Compact on Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gilbert, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 635–639. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Indicators$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{gilbert_indicators_2019,\n\ttitle = {Indicators for the {Global} {Compact} on {Refugees}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/635/5240687},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey053},\n\tabstract = {One of the guiding principles of the Global Compact on Refugees (Refugee Compact) is ‘to operationalize the principles of burden- and responsibility-sharing to},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Gilbert, Geoff},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {635--639},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Global Compact on Refugees and Conflict Prevention in Africa: ‘Root Causes’ and Yet Another Divide.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharpe, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 707–710. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{sharpe_global_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Global} {Compact} on {Refugees} and {Conflict} {Prevention} in {Africa}: ‘{Root} {Causes}’ and {Yet} {Another} {Divide}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Global} {Compact} on {Refugees} and {Conflict} {Prevention} in {Africa}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/707/5232519},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey052},\n\tabstract = {The Global Compact on Refugees (Refugee Compact) may ameliorate refugee protection in Africa because its four overarching objectives squarely address the three},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Sharpe, Marina},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {707--710},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Responsibility Sharing: From Principle to Policy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Doyle, M. W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 618–622. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Responsibility$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{doyle_responsibility_2019,\n\ttitle = {Responsibility {Sharing}: {From} {Principle} to {Policy}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\tshorttitle = {Responsibility {Sharing}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/618/5236855},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey046},\n\tabstract = {Responsibility sharing was a central commitment in the 2016 New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (annex 1, para 1). It was also a key commitment in th},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Doyle, Michael W.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {618--622},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Strengthening Responsibility Sharing with South–South Cooperation: China’s Role in the Global Compact on Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Song, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4): 687–690. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Strengthening$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{song_strengthening_2019,\n\ttitle = {Strengthening {Responsibility} {Sharing} with {South}–{South} {Cooperation}: {China}’s {Role} in the {Global} {Compact} on {Refugees}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0953-8186},\n\tshorttitle = {Strengthening {Responsibility} {Sharing} with {South}–{South} {Cooperation}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/30/4/687/5258095},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ijrl/eey059},\n\tabstract = {Long perceived as a largely refugee-generating country, China has generally maintained a low profile in the international discourse on refugees. Although it rem},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Refugee Law},\n\tauthor = {Song, Lili},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {687--690},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The effects of foreign aid on refugee flows.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dreher, A.; Fuchs, A.; and Langlotz, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Economic Review, 112: 127–147. February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{dreher_effects_2019,\n\ttitle = {The effects of foreign aid on refugee flows},\n\tvolume = {112},\n\tissn = {0014-2921},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292118301958},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.12.001},\n\tabstract = {We investigate whether foreign aid affects refugee flows from recipient countries. Combining refugee data on 141 origin countries over the 1976–2013 period with bilateral Official Development Assistance data, we estimate the causal effects of a country’s aid receipts on both total refugee flows to the world and flows to donor countries. The interaction of donor-government fractionalization and a recipient country’s probability of receiving aid provides a powerful and excludable instrumental variable (IV) when we control for country- and time-fixed effects that capture the levels of the interacted variables. Though our IV results suggest that aid induces recipient governments to encourage the return of their citizens, we find no evidence that aid reduces worldwide refugee outflows or flows to donor countries in the short term. However, we observe long-run effects after four three-year periods, which appear to be driven by lagged positive effects of aid on growth.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {European Economic Review},\n\tauthor = {Dreher, Axel and Fuchs, Andreas and Langlotz, Sarah},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Displaced people, Foreign aid, Humanitarian crises, Migration, Official Development Assistance, Refugees, Repatriation policies},\n\tpages = {127--147},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Persistence and Change in Marriage Practices among Syrian Refugees in Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sieverding, M.; Krafft, C.; Berri, N.; and Keo, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1281, Economic Research Forum, January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Persistence$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sieverding_persistence_2019,\n\ttitle = {Persistence and {Change} in {Marriage} {Practices} among {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Jordan}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/persistence-and-change-in-marriage-practices-among-syrian-refugees-in-jordan/},\n\tabstract = {Since the onset of the Syrian conflict there has been considerable attention to reports of high rates of early marriage among Syrian refugee women. Yet assessing whether early marriage has increased among refugee populations has been complicated by data issues. Using nationally representative survey data from Jordan in 2016 and Syria in 2009, as well as qualitative interviews with Syrian refugee youth in Jordan, we examine changes in age at marriage and drivers of early marriage, as well as change in marriage practices more broadly, among Syrian refugees in Jordan. Our results show that the Syrian refugee population now in Jordan had younger ages of marriage than the national (pre-conflict) rate in Syria, since prior to their displacement. Rates of early marriage among the population of Syrians currently in Jordan have remained similar from pre-to post-conflict, both in descriptive terms and as measured by multivariate hazard models. Nevertheless, drivers of early marriage may have changed to some degree; as with previous literature, we find that poverty and security concerns have created additional drivers for early marriage. However, young refugee men also felt that the challenging economic conditions they faced as refugees created disincentives to marry. Age at marriage must therefore also be examined along with other changes in marriage practices; our findings suggest that marriage expenditures may be lower post-conflict, whereas independent residence upon marriage and consanguinity are both less common. Along with age at marriage, these other marriage outcomes have important long-term implications for women’s wellbeing.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1281},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Sieverding, Maia and Krafft, Caroline and Berri, Nasma and Keo, Caitlyn},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Educating unaccompanied children in US shelters.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Diebold, K.; Evans, K.; and Hornung, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Educating$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{diebold_educating_2019,\n\ttitle = {Educating unaccompanied children in {US} shelters},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/diebold-evans-hornung},\n\tabstract = {Educational services provided to unaccompanied children in government-funded shelters in the US must be examined more critically in order to better meet the children’s varied needs – and federal standards for public education.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Diebold, Kylie and Evans, Kerri and Hornung, Emily},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Navigating curricula choices for Palestine refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kelcey, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Navigating$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{kelcey_navigating_2019,\n\ttitle = {Navigating curricula choices for {Palestine} refugees},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/kelcey},\n\tabstract = {Curriculum choices matter greatly in countries that host large numbers of refugees for increasingly long periods of time.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Kelcey, Jo},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evidence for education in emergencies: who decides and why it matters.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alalami, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Evidence$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{alalami_evidence_2019,\n\ttitle = {Evidence for education in emergencies: who decides and why it matters},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/alalami},\n\tabstract = {Analysis of educational research funding proposals submitted to Dubai Cares, a global education funder, indicates an alarming absence of input from local actors and end-users at all steps of the process.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Alalami, Nadeen},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breaking the silence: sexual coercion and abuse in post-conflict education.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bray-Watkins, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breaking$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bray-watkins_breaking_2019,\n\ttitle = {Breaking the silence: sexual coercion and abuse in post-conflict education},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/braywatkins},\n\tabstract = {Experience from the Central African Republic makes clear that global efforts to increase numbers of children in school, particularly in conflict-affected areas and for displaced children, need to pay greater attention to safety and accountability.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Bray-Watkins, Sophie},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Childrens's rights, Education, Liberia, Post-Conflict education, Safety, Sex Factors, Sex and abuse, Sexual Coercion, psychological consequences},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Learning in resettlement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Belghazi, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Learning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{belghazi_learning_2019,\n\ttitle = {Learning in resettlement},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/belghazi},\n\tabstract = {Education is a central element of resettled families’ lives, and providing support to parents and children to learn about and integrate into the education system is essential.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Belghazi, Marwa},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Strengthening education systems for long-term education responses.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lacey, T.; and Viola, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Strengthening$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{lacey_strengthening_2019,\n\ttitle = {Strengthening education systems for long-term education responses},\n\turl = {http://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/lacey-viola},\n\tabstract = {Implementation of programmes in DRC and Nigeria demonstrates how the building blocks for long-term improvements can be laid in the earliest stages of an education in emergencies response, even in the most challenging contexts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Lacey, Thea and Viola, Marcello},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Turkey's Education Policies towards Syrian Refugees: A Macro-level Analysis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Unutulmaz, K. O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Migration, 57(2): 235–252. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Turkey's$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{unutulmaz_turkeys_2019,\n\ttitle = {Turkey's {Education} {Policies} towards {Syrian} {Refugees}: {A} {Macro}-level {Analysis}},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tcopyright = {© 2018 The Authors. International Migration © 2018 IOM},\n\tissn = {1468-2435},\n\tshorttitle = {Turkey's {Education} {Policies} towards {Syrian} {Refugees}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/imig.12476},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/imig.12476},\n\tabstract = {This study discusses the transformation of Turkey's education policies towards Syrian refugees in three major stages. It argues that education policies in these different stages reflect the general perception of and political vision for Syrian refugees by the Turkish state, and that they are also instruments through which this political vision is materialized and declared. The remarkable evolution of Turkey's education policies towards Syrian refugees, from early policies that aimed at temporary accommodation to later policies that have aimed at full integration, needs to be understood in this framework of a changing vision in addition to the security concerns. Lastly, the article argues that, while the current strategy of complete integration of Syrians into formal education system is certainly positive, it also brings about a number of significant challenges related to the political and legal context in Turkey that will have to be handled in its realization.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {International Migration},\n\tauthor = {Unutulmaz, K. Onur},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {235--252},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Child labour and school attendance in Turkey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Erden, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Child$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{erden_child_2019,\n\ttitle = {Child labour and school attendance in {Turkey}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/erden},\n\tabstract = {Promoting self-sufficiency for displaced populations can have the unintended consequence of undermining efforts to provide education for all Syrian children.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Erden, Ozlem},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Child labour, Education, Self sufficiency, Turkey},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The importance of access and accreditation: learning from the Thailand–Myanmar border.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Purkey, M.; and Irving, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{purkey_importance_2019,\n\ttitle = {The importance of access and accreditation: learning from the {Thailand}–{Myanmar} border},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/purkey-irving},\n\tabstract = {The displaced community on the Thailand–Myanmar border has long provided for the basic educational needs of large numbers of children. Providing accredited education, however, remains a struggle.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Purkey, Mary and Irving, Megan},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n UK immigration policy: restrictions on asylum seekers’ right to study.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Baron, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"UK$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{baron_uk_2019,\n\ttitle = {{UK} immigration policy: restrictions on asylum seekers’ right to study},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/baron},\n\tabstract = {Changes to immigration legislation in the UK have led to restrictions on many asylum seekers’ right to study.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Baron, Helen},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee education in Greece: integration or segregation?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Simopoulos, G.; and Alexandridis, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{simopoulos_refugee_2019,\n\ttitle = {Refugee education in {Greece}: integration or segregation?},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/simopoulos-alexandridis},\n\tabstract = {The closure of the ‘Balkan route’ in the spring of 2016 has trapped around 21,000 children in Greece. Although education policies have been devised to integrate these children into the Greek education system, these policies have actually led to some students being segregated.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Simopoulos, Giorgos and Alexandridis, Antonios},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Jordan: education policy in transition.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chinnery, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Jordan:$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{chinnery_jordan_2019,\n\ttitle = {Jordan: education policy in transition},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/chinnery},\n\tabstract = {As the education sector in Jordan moves from a humanitarian to a development response, a lack of planning for an appropriate transition risks excluding some groups of learners.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Chinnery, Julie},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Street Schools and School Buses: Informal Education Provision in France.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hagan, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Street$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hagan_street_2019,\n\ttitle = {Street {Schools} and {School} {Buses}: {Informal} {Education} {Provision} in {France}},\n\turl = {http://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/hagan},\n\tabstract = {In the face of increasingly limited access to schooling for asylum seekers and migrants in France, volunteer initiatives have sprung up to provide much-needed informal education.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Hagan, Maria},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Feasible measurement of learning in emergencies: lessons from Uganda.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n D’Sa, N.; Krupar, A.; and Westrope, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Feasible$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{dsa_feasible_2019,\n\ttitle = {Feasible measurement of learning in emergencies: lessons from {Uganda}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/dsa-krupar-westrope},\n\tabstract = {A new assessment tool aims to provide a rapid, holistic understanding of displaced learners’ needs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {D’Sa, Nikhit and Krupar, Allyson and Westrope, Clay},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Improving learning environments in emergencies through community participation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bali, Z.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Improving$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bali_improving_2019,\n\ttitle = {Improving learning environments in emergencies through community participation},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/bali},\n\tabstract = {An education in emergencies toolkit developed by Save the Children looks at how learning environments can be improved through community participation. Piloting the project in Syria and Uganda has also shed light on some of the tensions and contradictions that underlie education provision in humanitarian settings.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Bali, Zeina},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Connected Learning: A Refugee Assessment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dushime, M.; Manirafasha, E.; and Mbonyinshuti, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Connected$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{dushime_connected_2019,\n\ttitle = {Connected {Learning}: {A} {Refugee} {Assessment}},\n\turl = {fmreview.org/education-displacement/dushime-manirafasha-mbonyinshuti},\n\tabstract = {Connected learning offers the opportunity to expand access to higher education for refugees, benefiting both individuals and communities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Dushime, Moise and Manirafasha, Eugenie and Mbonyinshuti, Kalenga},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Connected learning: the future for higher education?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n El-Ghali, H. A.; and Ghosn, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Connected$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{el-ghali_connected_2019,\n\ttitle = {Connected learning: the future for higher education?},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/elghali-ghosn},\n\tabstract = {Higher education institutions in Lebanon should consider how connected learning can improve access to higher education for young refugees and members of the host community.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {El-Ghali, Hana Addam and Ghosn, Emma},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Teachers in displacement: learning from Dadaab.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Duale, M.; Leomoi, O.; Aden, A.; Oyat, O.; Dagane, A.; and Abikar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60): 56–58. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Teachers$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{duale_teachers_2019,\n\ttitle = {Teachers in displacement: learning from {Dadaab}},\n\tshorttitle = {Teachers in displacement},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/duale-leomoi-aden-oyat-dagane-abikar},\n\tabstract = {Despite the challenges they face, refugee teachers believe in the potential of education to transform the lives of refugee learners and communities. Their voices and needs must inform refugee education provision in order to improve access and outcomes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Duale, Mohamed and Leomoi, Ochan and Aden, Abdullahi and Oyat, Okello and Dagane, Arte and Abikar, Abdikadir},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {56--58},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee children with communication disability in Rwanda: providing the educational services they need.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Barrett, H.; Marshall, J.; and Goldbart, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{barrett_refugee_2019,\n\ttitle = {Refugee children with communication disability in {Rwanda}: providing the educational services they need},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/barrett-marshall-goldbart},\n\tabstract = {Research undertaken in Rwanda aims to provide firm evidence for use in improving access to inclusive educational services for refugee children with communication disability.},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Barrett, Helen and Marshall, Julie and Goldbart, Juliet},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gender equality in education and emergencies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Iversen, E.; and Oestergaard, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Gender$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{iversen_gender_2019,\n\ttitle = {Gender equality in education and emergencies},\n\turl = {http://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/iversen-oestergaard},\n\tabstract = {Evidence shows how a gender-responsive approach can alleviate the particular risks that girls and boys face during crisis and displacement.},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Iversen, Eva and Oestergaard, Else},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Child-friendly spaces: enhancing their role in improving learning outcomes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Singh, G.; and Tocchio, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Child-friendly$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{singh_child-friendly_2019,\n\ttitle = {Child-friendly spaces: enhancing their role in improving learning outcomes},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/singh-tocchio},\n\tabstract = {Programming for early childhood development and psychosocial support needs to be able to evolve in order to cater for changing needs and to respond to emerging challenges.},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Singh, Gurvinder and Tocchio, Charlotte},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Child-Friendly Spaces, Kenya, Pyschosocial Wellbeing, Yemen},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Early childhood development and psychosocial support in Syria.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Khaddour, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Early$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{khaddour_early_2019,\n\ttitle = {Early childhood development and psychosocial support in {Syria}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/khaddour},\n\tabstract = {Programming for early childhood development and psychosocial support needs to be able to evolve in order to cater for changing needs and to respond to emerging challenges.},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Khaddour, Fatima},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Childhood development, Early childhood, Pyschosocial Wellbeing},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Feeling safe enough to learn in a conflict zone.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n McEvoy, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Feeling$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{mcevoy_feeling_2019,\n\ttitle = {Feeling safe enough to learn in a conflict zone},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/mcevoy},\n\tabstract = {Building an internal sense of safety, while also teaching coping skills and how to remain alert to the very real risks outside, is essential if psychosocial programming in Afghanistan is to provide a ‘safe space’ for children to learn in a context of high insecurity.},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {McEvoy, Bethan},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Schooling gaps for Syrian refugees in Turkey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hauber-Özer, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (60). March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Schooling$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hauber-ozer_schooling_2019,\n\ttitle = {Schooling gaps for {Syrian} refugees in {Turkey}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/gladwell},\n\tabstract = {Turkey and the wider international community must address gaps in educational provision so that Syrian refugees can access appropriate opportunities to learn.},\n\tnumber = {60},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Hauber-Özer, Melissa},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Effect of Refugees on Native Adolescents’ Test Scores: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from PISA.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tumen, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report No. 1356, Economic Research Forum, October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{tumen_effect_2019,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The {Effect} of {Refugees} on {Native} {Adolescents}’ {Test} {Scores}: {Quasi}-{Experimental} {Evidence} from {PISA}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/the-effect-of-refugees-on-native-adolescents-test-scores-quasi-experimental-evidence-from-pisa/},\n\tnumber = {No. 1356},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Tumen, Semih},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees and 'Native Flight' from Public to Private Schools.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tumen, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economics Letters, 181: 154–159. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{tumen_refugees_2019,\n\tseries = {{IZA} {DP} {No}. 12235},\n\ttitle = {Refugees and '{Native} {Flight}' from {Public} to {Private} {Schools}},\n\tvolume = {181},\n\turl = {https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/12235/refugees-and-native-flight-from-public-to-private-schools},\n\tabstract = {Native children switch from public to private primary schools in response to increased refugee concentration in the Turkish public education system. 10 percentage-point increase in refugee-to-population ratio generates, on average, 0.16 percentage-point increase in private primary school enrollment. This roughly corresponds to 1 native child switching to private education for every 31.6 refugee children enrolled in public schools — weaker than the typical estimates in the literature.},\n\tjournal = {Economics Letters},\n\tauthor = {Tumen, Semih},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {154--159},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees and ‘native flight’ from public to private schools.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tumen, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economics Letters, 181: 154–159. August 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{tumen_refugees_2019-1,\n\ttitle = {Refugees and ‘native flight’ from public to private schools},\n\tvolume = {181},\n\tissn = {0165-1765},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176519301892},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.econlet.2019.05.030},\n\tabstract = {Native children switch from public to private primary schools in response to increased refugee concentration in the Turkish public education system. 10 percentage-point increase in refugee-to-population ratio generates, on average, 0.12 percentage-point increase in private primary school enrollment. This roughly corresponds to 1 native child switching to private education for every 31.6 refugee children enrolled in public schools—weaker than the typical estimates in the literature.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Economics Letters},\n\tauthor = {Tumen, Semih},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Immigration, Public vs private primary education, Refugees, School choice},\n\tpages = {154--159},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Is the Education of Local Children Influenced by Living near a Refugee Camp? Evidence from Host Communities in Rwanda.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bilgili, Ö.; Loschmann, C.; Fransen, S.; and Siegel, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Migration, 57(4): 291–309. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Is$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bilgili_is_2019,\n\ttitle = {Is the {Education} of {Local} {Children} {Influenced} by {Living} near a {Refugee} {Camp}? {Evidence} from {Host} {Communities} in {Rwanda}},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tcopyright = {© 2019 UNU-WIDER},\n\tissn = {1468-2435},\n\tshorttitle = {Is the {Education} of {Local} {Children} {Influenced} by {Living} near a {Refugee} {Camp}?},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/imig.12541},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/imig.12541},\n\tabstract = {This article studies the extent to which educational services and schooling outcomes of local children are influenced by the presence of a refugee camp in or near their community. Investigating Congolese refugees in Rwanda and relying on a mixed-method approach, we examine schooling rates and access to school-based feeding programmes in communities closer to and further away from three refugee camps. We conduct cohort analyses to compare the schooling outcomes of Rwandans residing at different distances from each of these camps. Our results highlight that children residing closer to the camps have better schooling outcomes and that locals residing closer to the camps have mostly positive views regarding the effects of refugees on local education. These results contribute to the literature on the effects of refugees on host communities and inform policy debates on how refugees need not be a “burden” if a long-term vision shapes educational investments.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {International Migration},\n\tauthor = {Bilgili, Özge and Loschmann, Craig and Fransen, Sonja and Siegel, Melissa},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {291--309},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Impacts of Refugee Repatriation on Receiving Communities.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ruiz, I.; and Vargas-Silva, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Copenhagen, 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@inproceedings{ruiz_impacts_2019,\n\taddress = {Copenhagen},\n\ttitle = {The {Impacts} of {Refugee} {Repatriation} on {Receiving} {Communities}},\n\tabstract = {This research was designed to support the thinking and planning around (re-)integration by identifying obstacles to preparedness of stakeholders for return and (re-)integration in refugee return settings. The study generates operational learning to enable NGOs, UN agencies, donors, government actors, and displacement-affected communities (DACs) to strengthen (re-) integration programming. It does so by reviewing achievements, challenges, opportunities, and critical success factors required for enhancing preparedness in return settings.},\n\tauthor = {Ruiz, Isabel and Vargas-Silva, Carlos},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unprepared for (re)integration: Lessons Learned from Afghanistan, Somalia, and Syria on Refugee Returns to Urban Areas.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Danish Refugee Council; International Rescue Committee; Norwegian Refugee Council; ReDSS; Durable Solutions Platform; Asia Development Solutions Platform; and Samuel Hall\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Unprepared$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{danish_refugee_council_unprepared_2019,\n\ttitle = {Unprepared for (re)integration: {Lessons} {Learned} from {Afghanistan}, {Somalia}, and {Syria} on {Refugee} {Returns} to {Urban} {Areas}},\n\tshorttitle = {{DRC}/{NRC}/{IRC} - {Unprepared} for (re)integration},\n\turl = {https://www.samuelhall.org/publications/redss-unprepared-for-reintegration-lessons-learned-from-afghanistan-somalia-and-syria-on-refugee-returns-to-urban-areas},\n\tabstract = {This research was designed to support the thinking and planning around (re-)integration by identifying obstacles to preparedness of stakeholders for return and (re-)integration in refugee return settings. The study generates operational learning to enable NGOs, UN agencies, donors, government actors},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tauthor = {{Danish Refugee Council} and {International Rescue Committee} and {Norwegian Refugee Council} and {ReDSS} and {Durable Solutions Platform} and {Asia Development Solutions Platform} and {Samuel Hall}},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Far From Home: Future Prospects for Syrian Refugees in Iraq.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Durable Solutions Platform; IMPACT Initiatives; Norwegian Refugee Council; International Rescue Committee; and Danish Refugee Council\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Far$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{durable_solutions_platform_far_2019,\n\ttitle = {Far {From} {Home}: {Future} {Prospects} for {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Iraq}},\n\turl = {https://dsp-syria.org/far-home-future-prospects-syrian-refugees-iraq},\n\tabstract = {Whilst the regional refugee response to the Syrian crisis has largely focused on Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey, less attention has been given to the situation of the approximately 250,000 Syrian refugees residing in Iraq. As conditions in Syria are not conducive for voluntary return in safety and dignity, there is a need to better understand the potential for Syrians to find a durable solution in Iraq. This report by the Durable Solutions Platform, IMPACT Initiatives, Norwegian Refugee Council, International Rescue Committee and the Danish Refugee Council explores the enabling and constraining factors for Syrians’ ability to locally integrate in the cities of Erbil, Dahuk and Qaim.},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tauthor = {{Durable Solutions Platform} and {IMPACT Initiatives} and {Norwegian Refugee Council} and {International Rescue Committee} and {Danish Refugee Council}},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The migration of fear: An analysis of migration choices of Syrian refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balcilar, M.; and Nugent, J. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 73: 95–110. August 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{balcilar_migration_2019,\n\tseries = {Special {Issue} on the {Economies} of {Middle} {East} and {North} {Africa} in an {Era} of {Political} {Turbulence}},\n\ttitle = {The migration of fear: {An} analysis of migration choices of {Syrian} refugees},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tissn = {1062-9769},\n\tshorttitle = {The migration of fear},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062976917303174},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.qref.2018.09.007},\n\tabstract = {The current literature on forced migration offers only limited knowledge of how each of the different consequences of war, such as damage to property and casualties to family members, and the services provided to the refugees in the host country, affect the difficult choices that refugees subsequently must make as to when and where to migrate from their location as refugees. This paper contributes to that literature by studying the effects of armed violence in Syria on the intentions of Syrian refugees in Turkey to return to Syria, stay in Turkey or move on to Europe and elsewhere. The study is based on three waves of a survey of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Special attention is given to the impacts of war (loss of home, property damage and casualties) and the duration of stay and quality of services received as refugees in Turkey, as well the individual characteristics of the refugees (e.g., gender, age, education, and income). The results show that (1) the longer and greater the level of violence in the country of origin, and the longer the time spent outside of Syria, the lower the likelihood that the refugee will want to return to Syria; (2) the longer the time the refugee has spent in Turkey, the higher is the probability of permanent settlement in another European country; and (3) the more and higher quality of services provided to the refugees, the more likely they are to remain in Turkey. The results offer insights into the design of international policy for dealing with the violence and the handling of refugees.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance},\n\tauthor = {Balcilar, Mehmet and Nugent, Jeffrey B.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Civil war, Employment, Forced migration, Immigration, Labor market, Logit, Model, Refugees, Syria, Turkey},\n\tpages = {95--110},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees’ Self-Selection into Europe: Who Migrates Where?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Aksoy, C. G.; and Poutvaara, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report ID 3339400, Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY, February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees’$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{aksoy_refugees_2019,\n\taddress = {Rochester, NY},\n\ttype = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Refugees’ {Self}-{Selection} into {Europe}: {Who} {Migrates} {Where}?},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees’ {Self}-{Selection} into {Europe}},\n\turl = {http://www.cesifo-group.de/ifoHome/publications/docbase/DocBase_Content/WP/WP-Ifo_Working_Papers/wp-ifo-2019/12022019289000.html},\n\tabstract = {About 1.4 million refugees and irregular migrants arrived in Europe in 2015 and 2016. We model how refugees and irregular migrants are self-selected. Using unique datasets from the International Organization for Migration and Gallup World Polls, we provide the first large-scale evidence on reasons to emigrate, and the self-selection and sorting of refugees and irregular migrants for multiple origin and destination countries. Refugees and female irregular migrants are positively self-selected with respect to education (that is, they are more educated than the national average) while male irregular migrants are not. We also find that both male and female migrants from major conflict countries are positively self-selected in terms of their predicted income. For countries with minor or no conflict, migrant and non-migrant men do not differ in terms of their income distribution. We also analyse how border controls affect destination country choice.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {ID 3339400},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Social Science Research Network},\n\tauthor = {Aksoy, Cevat Giray and Poutvaara, Panu},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {human capital, predicted income, refugees, self-selection},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Civilian resettlement patterns in civil war:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Steele, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peace Research. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Civilian$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{steele_civilian_2019,\n\ttitle = {Civilian resettlement patterns in civil war:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2019},\n\tshorttitle = {Civilian resettlement patterns in civil war},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318820576},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318820576},\n\tabstract = {This article proposes a descriptive typology of civilian resettlement patterns in civil wars. The patterns vary in two dimensions: whether or not displaced civi...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Steele, Abbey},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Civil war, Civilian resettlement, Political Cleansing},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Climate, conflict and forced migration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abel, G. J.; Brottrager, M.; Crespo Cuaresma, J.; and Muttarak, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Environmental Change, 54: 239–249. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Climate,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{abel_climate_2019,\n\ttitle = {Climate, conflict and forced migration},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tissn = {0959-3780},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378018301596},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.12.003},\n\tabstract = {Despite the lack of robust empirical evidence, a growing number of media reports attempt to link climate change to the ongoing violent conflicts in Syria and other parts of the world, as well as to the migration crisis in Europe. Exploiting bilateral data on asylum seeking applications for 157 countries over the period 2006–2015, we assess the determinants of refugee flows using a gravity model which accounts for endogenous selection in order to examine the causal link between climate, conflict and forced migration. Our results indicate that climatic conditions, by affecting drought severity and the likelihood of armed conflict, played a significant role as an explanatory factor for asylum seeking in the period 2011–2015. The effect of climate on conflict occurrence is particularly relevant for countries in Western Asia in the period 2010–2012 during when many countries were undergoing political transformation. This finding suggests that the impact of climate on conflict and asylum seeking flows is limited to specific time period and contexts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Global Environmental Change},\n\tauthor = {Abel, Guy J. and Brottrager, Michael and Crespo Cuaresma, Jesus and Muttarak, Raya},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Asylum seeker, Climate change, Conflict, Endogenous selection, Forced migration, Gravity model, Refugee, SPEI, Simultaneous equations},\n\tpages = {239--249},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees and decent work: Lessons learned from recent refugee jobs compacts.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gordon, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report No. 256, International Labor Office, December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{gordon_refugees_2019,\n\ttitle = {Refugees and decent work: {Lessons} learned from recent refugee jobs compacts},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright and permissions © 1996-2020 International Labour Organization - https://www.ilo.org/global/copyright/lang--en/index.htm},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees and decent work},\n\turl = {http://www.ilo.org/employment/Whatwedo/Publications/working-papers/WCMS_732602/lang--en/index.htm},\n\tabstract = {This paper addresses refugee livelihoods – in particular, waged work for refugees – from a labour standards perspective. This is in contrast to the usual approach to refugee livelihoods, in which decent work has not been a focus. The paper presents case studies of the work aspects of the Jordanian and Ethiopian compacts. The lessons learned from these contexts have much to teach us about how to integrate refugees into labour markets in host countries in ways that do not expose refugees to exploitation, or indirectly undermine existing conditions for those already doing the work. Based on these cases, the paper argues that if we are to take refugee self-reliance seriously, we will need to create decent work opportunities – not just any chance to earn money – for refugees and for the others who labour alongside them, including local workers, migrant workers, and internally displaced people. In other words, the right for refugees to work must be accompanied by rights at work.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {No. 256},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {International Labor Office},\n\tauthor = {Gordon, Jennifer},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Doing Business in Kakuma: Refugees, Entrepreneurship, and the Food Market.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Betts, A.; Delius, A.; Rodgers, C.; Stierna, O. S. undefined; and Maria\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Doing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{betts_doing_2019,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\ttitle = {Doing {Business} in {Kakuma}: {Refugees}, {Entrepreneurship}, and the {Food} {Market}},\n\tshorttitle = {Doing {Business} in {Kakuma}},\n\turl = {https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/doing-business-in-kakuma-refugees-entrepreneurship-and-the-food-market},\n\tabstract = {This report draws upon a business survey with food retailers to assess the impact of the ‘Bamba Chakula’ model of electronic food transfers and business contracts. The Kakuma refugee camps have become popularly associated with entrepreneurship. In 2016, the Kalobeyei settlement was opened 3.5 kms away from the Kakuma camps, with the intention of promoting the self-reliance of refugees and the host population, and delivering integrated services to both. Its development is guided by the Kalobeyei Integrated Social and Economic Development Programme (KISEDP), which offers a range of innovative, market-based approaches to refugee protection that diverge from the conventional aid model implemented in Kakuma. There have been few studies that examine the emergence of refugee-led markets at the business level, whether in the Kakuma camps, in the Kalobeyei settlement, or elsewhere. In order to address this gap, our research aimed to study one particular sector: the food market. This sector is of particular interest because it is such a significant part of economic life in refugee camps, and because it is heavily shaped by the modalities of food assistance provided by the international community. Kakuma is currently undergoing a gradual transition from in-kind food assistance to cash-based assistance, and as an interim step, it has introduced a food provision model called Bamba Chakula.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Betts, Alexander and Delius, Antonia and Rodgers, Cory and Stierna, Olivier Sterck {and} Maria},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Entrepreneurship, Kakuma, Refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Opportunities For Refugee Access To Work In Malaysia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yasmin, P. N. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1-19, Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia, August 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Opportunities$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{yasmin_opportunities_2019,\n\ttitle = {Opportunities {For} {Refugee} {Access} {To} {Work} {In} {Malaysia}},\n\turl = {https://www.isis.org.my/2019/08/01/opportunities-for-refugee-access-to-work-in-malaysia/},\n\tabstract = {Malaysia houses a large number of refugees and asylumseekers, as it is both a transit and final destination for thoseseeking relief from persecution and violence. In April 2019, there were a total of 170,460 refugees and asylum seekers registered with UNHCR.2 This excludes those who are unregistered (with estimates indicating another 100,000 at least), the stateless, those in “refugee-like-situations” and “others of concern”. Although the vast majority of refugees enter illegally and work informally in Malaysia, their status is indeterminate and they are susceptible to discretionary harassment, detention and deportation. This policy brief will demonstrate that formalising a work programme for refugees not only grants them greater security, but it is also positive for the security of the host state.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\tnumber = {1-19},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia},\n\tauthor = {Yasmin, Puteri Nor Ariane},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Left in Limbo: The Case for Economic Empowerment of Refugees and Host Communities in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n International Rescue Committee\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report International Rescue Committee, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Left$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{international_rescue_committee_left_2019,\n\ttitle = {Left in {Limbo}: {The} {Case} for {Economic} {Empowerment} of {Refugees} and {Host} {Communities} in {Cox}’s {Bazar}, {Bangladesh}},\n\turl = {https://www.rescue.org/report/left-limbo},\n\tabstract = {Building on new research from the IRC on positive market conditions in Cox’s Bazar, this brief highlights the untapped potential of livelihoods programming to increase self-reliance and economic empowerment for affected communities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {International Rescue Committee},\n\tauthor = {{International Rescue Committee}},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Economic empowerment, Host Community, Refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee Economies in Addis Ababa: Towards Sustainable Opportunities for Urban Communities.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Betts, A.; Fryszer, L.; Sterck, N. O. undefined; and Olivier\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{betts_refugee_2019,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\ttitle = {Refugee {Economies} in {Addis} {Ababa}: {Towards} {Sustainable} {Opportunities} for {Urban} {Communities}},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugee {Economies} in {Addis} {Ababa}},\n\turl = {https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/refugee-economies-in-addis-ababa-towards-sustainable-opportunities-for-urban-communities},\n\tabstract = {This report examines the precarious economic lives of refugee communities in Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa, and their interactions with the host community. Addis Ababa has only 22,000 registered refugees, out of a national refugee population of 900,000. They comprise two main groups: 17,000 Eritreans and 5000 Somali refugees. Based on qualitative research and a survey of 2441 refugees and members of the proximate host community, we examine the economic lives of the refugee communities and their interactions with the host community. We draw upon the data to consider the prospects for a sustainable urban response in the context of Ethiopia’s adoption of the new Refugee Proclamation in 2019, which appears to provide refugees with the right to work and freedom of movement.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Betts, Alexander and Fryszer, Leon and Sterck, Naohiko Omata {and} Olivier},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Syrian Refugee Entrepreneurship in Turkey: Integration and the Use of Immigrant Capital in the Informal Economy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Atasü-Topcuoğlu, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Inclusion, 7(4): 200–210. December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Syrian$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{atasu-topcuoglu_syrian_2019,\n\ttitle = {Syrian {Refugee} {Entrepreneurship} in {Turkey}: {Integration} and the {Use} of {Immigrant} {Capital} in the {Informal} {Economy}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2019 Reyhan Atasü-Topcuoğlu},\n\tissn = {2183-2803},\n\tshorttitle = {Syrian {Refugee} {Entrepreneurship} in {Turkey}},\n\turl = {https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/2346},\n\tdoi = {10.17645/si.v7i4.2346},\n\tabstract = {This study focuses on small-scale entrepreneurship of Syrian refugees in Turkey. It analyses in a Bourdieusian way how they utilize cultural, social, economic and symbolic capital, and reveals their start-up and sustainability strategies. It is based on 24 in-depth interviews with Syrian small entrepreneurs who started up new businesses after 2011, in Istanbul, Gaziantep, and Hatay. It describes the entrepreneurial opportunity structure and the significance of the informal economy and analyses Syrians’ utilization of various forms of capital in small entrepreneurship and relations to integration. The main finding indicates that the informal economy—as the main site of such entrepreneurship—eases the start-up process but limits on-going business and integration.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Social Inclusion},\n\tauthor = {Atasü-Topcuoğlu, Reyhan},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Syrian refugees, Turkey, entrepreneurship, informal economy, integration, refugees, social capital},\n\tpages = {200--210},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Doing Business in Dadaab, Kenya: Market Systems Analysis for Local Economic Development in Dadaab, Kenya.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n UNHCR; and ILO\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Doing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{unhcr_doing_2019,\n\ttype = {Report},\n\ttitle = {Doing {Business} in {Dadaab}, {Kenya}: {Market} {Systems} {Analysis} for {Local} {Economic} {Development} in {Dadaab}, {Kenya}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright and permissions © 1996-2020 International Labour Organization - https://www.ilo.org/global/copyright/lang--en/index.htm},\n\turl = {http://www.ilo.org/empent/Projects/refugee-livelihoods/publications/WCMS_696142/lang--en/index.htm},\n\tabstract = {The International Labour Organization (ILO) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) developed the Approach to Inclusive Market Systems (AIMS) to facilitate the development of market-based interventions for the economic inclusion of refugees and other forcibly displaced.\n\nFocusing on Dadaab, this study provides a market system analysis for interventions aimed at enabling the self-reliance of refugees and host communities, and thereby contributing to a broader local economic development (LED) agenda.\n\nTwo complementary pieces form the basis of this report:\n1. A socio-economic assessment and context analysis that seeks to lay out the challenges and opportunities that Dadaab offers\n2. A rapid value chain analysis that aims to identify sub-sectors and value chains that have the potential for inclusive growth.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tauthor = {{UNHCR} and {ILO}},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n

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\n \n 2018\n \n \n (159)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enhancing the protection of women and girls through the Global Compact on Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pittaway, E.; and Bartolomei, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Enhancing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{pittaway_enhancing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Enhancing the protection of women and girls through the {Global} {Compact} on {Refugees}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/pittaway-bartolomei},\n\tabstract = {The consultative process involved in drafting the Global Compact on Refugees presents an ideal opportunity to ensure that gender equality is integral to this new international policy framework.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Pittaway, Eileen and Bartolomei, Linda},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Blame the victims? Refugees, state capacity, and non-state actor violence:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Böhmelt, T.; Bove, V.; and Gleditsch, K. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peace Research. November 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Blame$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bohmelt_blame_2018,\n\ttitle = {Blame the victims? {Refugees}, state capacity, and non-state actor violence:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2018},\n\tshorttitle = {Blame the victims?},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318804592},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318804592},\n\tabstract = {Existing research argues that refugee inflows may increase the risk of domestic conflict, particularly civil war that, by definition, involves the state as an a...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Böhmelt, Tobias and Bove, Vincenzo and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Impact of Conflict, Refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Big Data, Big Promises: Revisiting Migration Statistics in Context of the Datafication of Everything.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scheel, S.; and Ustek-Spilda, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Big$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{scheel_big_2018,\n\ttype = {Border {Criminologies} {Blog}},\n\ttitle = {Big {Data}, {Big} {Promises}: {Revisiting} {Migration} {Statistics} in {Context} of the {Datafication} of {Everything}},\n\turl = {https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/research-subject-groups/centre-criminology/centreborder-criminologies/blog/2018/06/big-data-big},\n\tinstitution = {Faculty of Law, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Scheel, Stephan and Ustek-Spilda, Funda},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Forced migration, Technology},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Big Data Solutions in Forced Migration: Innovations in Analytics to Promote Humane, Sustainable Responses to Forced Migration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n World Bank\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Big$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{world_bank_big_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {Big {Data} {Solutions} in {Forced} {Migration}: {Innovations} in {Analytics} to {Promote} {Humane}, {Sustainable} {Responses} to {Forced} {Migration}},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/133101525401238750/big-data-solutions-in-forced-migration-innovations-in-analytics-to-promote-humane-sustainable-responses-to-forced-migration},\n\tabstract = {The numbers of people forcibly displaced from their homes\neach year is rising rapidly, with devastating impact at all\nlevels, from individual lives through to the geopolitical. According\nto the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), there were\nan estimated 59.5 million forcibly displaced people in 2014, up\nfrom 37.5 million just 10 years before.1 In 2015 alone, 65.3 million\npeople were forcibly displaced by conflict, violence or human rights\nviolations. Of these, internally displaced people (IDPs), who fled but\nremained in their own country, accounted for around 60 percent.\nRefugees, who had crossed an international border, made up 30\npercent and asylum seekers the remainder. The UNHCR reports that\none in every 122 people is now a refugee, internally displaced or\nseeking asylum},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {{World Bank}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Big Data Analytics, Forced migration, Technology},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Belgrade, Serbia: A Case Report of Refugees in Towns.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lažetić, M.; Jovanović, T.; and Cohen-Fournier, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Belgrade,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{lazetic_belgrade_2018,\n\ttitle = {Belgrade, {Serbia}: {A} {Case} {Report} of {Refugees} in {Towns}},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees in {Towns} {Case} {Study}},\n\turl = {https://fic.tufts.edu/publication-item/belgrade-serbia-refugees-in-towns/},\n\tabstract = {The Belgrade case report explores the relationship between the European migrant crisis and political movements in Serbia. It looks at the role of Belgrade as a transit hub for waves of forced migrants, and at the effects of policies to manage migration flows (e.g. counter-smuggling, transit center shut-downs, and restrictions on humanitarian agencies) on the lived experiences of migrants, Serbians, and aid workers who live, work, and pass through the city. The report was conducted and written by two residents of Belgrade who draw from personal experience with displacement from the recent Balkans region conflict.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {Feinstein International Center, Tufts University},\n\tauthor = {Lažetić, Marina and Jovanović, Teodora and Cohen-Fournier, Nathan},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Algeria, Morocco, Pakistan, Refugees, Somalia, Syria, Tunisia, Urban and Local Government},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Balancing the rights of displaced, returning and remaining populations: learning from Iraq.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Siddiqui, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 57, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Balancing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{siddiqui_balancing_2018,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\ttitle = {Balancing the rights of displaced, returning and remaining populations: learning from {Iraq}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/siddiqui},\n\tabstract = {The return of some 3.1 million IDPs in Iraq to their places of origin is seen as a benchmark of success in the aftermath of the recent civil war. However, the situation is complex, with critical questions related to mitigating competing rights and protection needs.},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Siddiqui, Nadia},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {IDPs, Rights of displaced},\n\tpages = {64--65},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Assessing the Economic Impacts of Internal Displacement: Conceptual Framework.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n IDMC; and IIASA\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In The ripple effect: economic impacts of internal displacement. Geneva, June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Assessing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@incollection{idmc_assessing_2018,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttitle = {Assessing the {Economic} {Impacts} of {Internal} {Displacement}: {Conceptual} {Framework}},\n\turl = {http://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/the-ripple-effect-economic-impacts-of-internal-displacement},\n\tabstract = {Uncovering the hidden cost of internal displacement would help make the case for increased country-led investments in risk reduction and durable solutions. Past studies have assessed the impact of international migration and refugee flows on work and other singular dimensions such as health or education. Others have attempted to assess the socioeconomic impact of cross-border or internal displacement at the local level. \nHowever, a systematic, quantitative estimate of the overall impact of internal displacement on an economy has yet to be made, and doing so requires new concepts and methods. This document introduces a new conceptual framework to assess the economic impact of internal displacement comprehensively across dimensions, time, countries and displacement contexts.},\n\tbooktitle = {The ripple effect: economic impacts of internal displacement},\n\tauthor = {{IDMC} and {IIASA}},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Conceptual Framework and Meta-Analysis, IDPs},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Are Refugees Located Near Urban Job Opportunities? An Analysis of Overlap Between Refugees and Major Urban Areas in Developing Countries, and Implications for Employment Opportunities and MNC Engagement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Huang, C.; and Graham, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Center for Global Development, June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Are$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{huang_are_2018,\n\ttype = {Center for {Global} {Development} {Brief}},\n\ttitle = {Are {Refugees} {Located} {Near} {Urban} {Job} {Opportunities}? {An} {Analysis} of {Overlap} {Between} {Refugees} and {Major} {Urban} {Areas} in {Developing} {Countries}, and {Implications} for {Employment} {Opportunities} and {MNC} {Engagement}},\n\turl = {https://www.cgdev.org/publication/are-refugees-located-near-urban-job-opportunities},\n\tabstract = {With over 22 million refugees around the world, displaced on average for over 10 years, policymakers are looking for more sustainable solutions to refugee crises.[1] One promising approach is to expand economic opportunities for refugees in developing countries, which host 85 percent of the world’s refugees.[2] In recent years, governments, donors, and private sector actors have been finding innovative ways to include refugees in labor markets, thus enabling them to become more self-reliant, reducing the cost of hosting refugees and creating economic benefits for hosts.[3]\n\nMultinational corporations (MNCs) are emerging as important partners in the push to expand refugee employment and entrepreneurship. As market leaders with global reach through hiring and supply chains, policy influencers, and innovators, MNCs have distinctive capacities for engagement that do not exist within the traditional refugee response community.[4] MNCs are also well positioned to participate in broader jobs and livelihoods initiatives that support both refugees and the communities hosting refugees, which often struggle with high unemployment and limited economic opportunities.\nTo help demonstrate where MNCs, regional and local businesses, and other actors are best positioned to expand economic opportunities for refugees, we created an interactive tool to map the locations of refugees, and analyzed the extent to which refugees overlap with major urban areas in 31 of the 37 developing countries hosting at least 25,000 refugees. When refugees are located in urban areas, where economic activity and MNCs cluster, they have a much greater likelihood of being in close proximity to potential employers.},\n\tinstitution = {Center for Global Development},\n\tauthor = {Huang, Cindy and Graham, Jimmy},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Refugees, Uban and Local Government},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Are Refugees a Burden? Impacts of Refugee Inflows on Host’s Consumption Expenditures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rozo, S. V.; and Sviastchiy, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In September 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Are$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@inproceedings{rozo_are_2018,\n\ttitle = {Are {Refugees} a {Burden}? {Impacts} of {Refugee} {Inflows} on {Host}’s {Consumption} {Expenditures}},\n\turl = {https://www.sandravrozo.com/refugee-workshop.html},\n\tabstract = {This paper studies the impacts of the Syrian refugee inflows in the consumption expenditures and income of Jordanian nationals. Our identification strategy exploits the fact that\nrefugees locate disproportionately in regions closer to the three largest refugee camps after the\nbeginning of the Syrian conflict in 2011. We find that individuals located closer to refugee\ncamps do not see a change in the level of consumption expenditures. However, they experience a change in the composition of their consumption expenditures in favor of larger housing\nexpenditures and lower expenditures on non-durables (including food) and health. We do\nnot find, however, significant differences on the total level of consumption expenditures. In\naddition, we find supporting evidence suggesting that the higher housing expenditures are accompanied by worse dwelling quality for young individuals working in the informal sector. In\naddition, individuals more exposed to refugee inflows see higher property and rental income\nbut lower income from self-employment. We find no evidence that the documented changes\nin consumption expenditures have consequences on health or education access, or children\ndevelopment of Jordanian nationals.},\n\tauthor = {Rozo, Sandra V. and Sviastchiy, Micaela},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Impact on Consumption Expenditures and Poverty, Impacts on hosts, Refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Are asylum seekers more likely to work with more inclusive labor market access regulations?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slotwinski, M.; Stutzer, A.; and Uhlig, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2018/08, Faculty of Business and Economics - University of Basel, March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Are$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{slotwinski_are_2018,\n\ttitle = {Are asylum seekers more likely to work with more inclusive labor market access regulations?},\n\turl = {https://ideas.repec.org/p/bsl/wpaper/2018-08.html},\n\tabstract = {In the face of recent refugee migration, early integration of asylum seekers into the labor market has been proposed as an important mechanism for easing their economic and social lot in the short as well as in the long term. However, little is known about the policies that foster or hamper their participation in the labor market, in particular during the important initial period of their stay in the host country. In order to evaluate whether inclusive labor market policies increase the labor market participation of asylum seekers, we exploit the variation in asylum policies in Swiss cantons to which asylum seekers are randomly allocated. During our study period from 2011 to 2014, the employment rate among asylum seekers varied between 0\\% and 30.2\\% across cantons. Our results indicate that labor market access regulations are responsible for a substantial proportion of these dierences, in which an inclusive regime increases participation by 11 percentage points. The marginal eects are larger for asylum seekers who speak a language that is linguistically close to the one in their host canton.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2018/08},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {Faculty of Business and Economics - University of Basel},\n\tauthor = {Slotwinski, Michaela and Stutzer, Alois and Uhlig, Roman},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Asylum policy, Asylum seekers, Host Community, Labor market, Switzerland, economic integration, employment ban, labor market access regulation},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Afghanistan’s Displaced People.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yde-Jensen, T.; Krishnan, N.; Tan, X.; and Wieser, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., August 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Afghanistan’s$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{yde-jensen_afghanistans_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttype = {Report},\n\ttitle = {Afghanistan’s {Displaced} {People}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/30267},\n\tabstract = {Afghans represent the world’s largest \n            protracted refugee population, and one of the largest \n            populations to be repatriated to their country of origin in \n            this century. Between 2002 and 2016, over six million \n            refugees returned to Afghanistan from neighboring countries. \n            In 2016 alone, returnees numbered more than a million. In an \n            already difficult context, large-scale internal displacement \n            and return from outside have strained the delivery of public \n            services in Afghanistan and increased competition for scarce \n            economic opportunities, not only for the displaced, but for \n            the population at large. This note aims at contributing to \n            our understanding of displacement in Afghanistan by \n            comparing the socioeconomic profiles of three populations: \n            (i) former refugees who returned to Afghanistan between 2002 \n            and 2014 (“pre-2015 returnees”); (ii) internally displaced \n            persons (“IDPs”); and (iii) non-displaced persons (“hosts”). \n            The note captures and compares these groups’ situations at a \n            specific time-point, using data from the 2013-14 Afghanistan \n            Living Conditions Survey (ALCS). Importantly, the results \n            document socioeconomic conditions just prior to the transfer \n            of security responsibilities from international troops to \n            the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) in 2014, which \n            was associated with a subsequent decline in aid, both \n            security and civilian, and a sharp drop in economic \n            activity. The results presented here cover the largest \n            return of Afghans to the county following the fall of the \n            Taliban in 2002, but precede the more recent large-scale \n            return of Afghan refugees from Pakistan in 2016-17. Future \n            publications will extend the findings summarized here with \n            analysis of new and existing data covering this recent \n            influx. This research is part of an ongoing effort to \n            document population displacement challenges and solutions in \n            Afghanistan over time. Data from ALCS 2013-14 establish \n            baseline socio-economic profiles for returned refugees, \n            IDPs, and non-displaced hosts. Further research and analysis \n            now in progress will document how these conditions have \n            changed since 2013-14, and will distill evidence for policy \n            to improve socio-economic outcomes among Afghanistan’s \n            displaced and non-displaced people.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Yde-Jensen, Thea and Krishnan, Nandini and Tan, Xiayun and Wieser, Christina},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Afghanistan, Host Community, IDPs, Middle East, Non-displaced hosts, Profiling Displaced Popolations, Refugees},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n Afghans represent the world’s largest protracted refugee population, and one of the largest populations to be repatriated to their country of origin in this century. Between 2002 and 2016, over six million refugees returned to Afghanistan from neighboring countries. In 2016 alone, returnees numbered more than a million. In an already difficult context, large-scale internal displacement and return from outside have strained the delivery of public services in Afghanistan and increased competition for scarce economic opportunities, not only for the displaced, but for the population at large. This note aims at contributing to our understanding of displacement in Afghanistan by comparing the socioeconomic profiles of three populations: (i) former refugees who returned to Afghanistan between 2002 and 2014 (“pre-2015 returnees”); (ii) internally displaced persons (“IDPs”); and (iii) non-displaced persons (“hosts”). The note captures and compares these groups’ situations at a specific time-point, using data from the 2013-14 Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey (ALCS). Importantly, the results document socioeconomic conditions just prior to the transfer of security responsibilities from international troops to the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) in 2014, which was associated with a subsequent decline in aid, both security and civilian, and a sharp drop in economic activity. The results presented here cover the largest return of Afghans to the county following the fall of the Taliban in 2002, but precede the more recent large-scale return of Afghan refugees from Pakistan in 2016-17. Future publications will extend the findings summarized here with analysis of new and existing data covering this recent influx. This research is part of an ongoing effort to document population displacement challenges and solutions in Afghanistan over time. Data from ALCS 2013-14 establish baseline socio-economic profiles for returned refugees, IDPs, and non-displaced hosts. Further research and analysis now in progress will document how these conditions have changed since 2013-14, and will distill evidence for policy to improve socio-economic outcomes among Afghanistan’s displaced and non-displaced people.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Addressing Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in FCV Situations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n World Bank\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report HNP-FCV-01 January 2018, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{world_bank_addressing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Addressing {Gender}-{Based} {Violence} ({GBV}) in {FCV} {Situations}},\n\tnumber = {HNP-FCV-01 January 2018},\n\tauthor = {{World Bank}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {FCV situations, Forced displacement, Gender, Gender-based violence, LGBTI},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A vision for restitution in Myanmar.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arraiza, J.; and Leckie, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 57, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{arraiza_vision_2018,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\ttitle = {A vision for restitution in {Myanmar}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/arraiza-leckie},\n\tabstract = {People displaced in Myanmar during decades of civil conflict, as well as more recently displaced persons, need accessible legal pathways and assistance to regain access to their land and properties. Myanmar needs a clear vision on restitution to end its civil wars and displacement.},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Arraiza, José and Leckie, Scott},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {IDPs, Myanmar, Restitute of Land and Property},\n\tpages = {72--74},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2019 Global Education Monitoring Report: Migration, Displacement and Education: Building Bridges Not Walls.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n UNESCO\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report UNESCO, Paris, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"2019$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{unesco_2019_2018,\n\taddress = {Paris},\n\ttitle = {2019 {Global} {Education} {Monitoring} {Report}: {Migration}, {Displacement} and {Education}: {Building} {Bridges} {Not} {Walls}},\n\turl = {http://gem-report-2019.unesco.org/},\n\tinstitution = {UNESCO},\n\tauthor = {{UNESCO}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Education Policy, IDPs, Migrants, Migration},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n (The Struggle for) Refugee Integration into the Labour Market: Evidence from Europe.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fasani, F.; Frattini, T.; and Minale, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 11333, IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"(The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{fasani_struggle_2018,\n\taddress = {Bonn, Germany},\n\ttype = {{IZA} {Discussion} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {({The} {Struggle} for) {Refugee} {Integration} into the {Labour} {Market}: {Evidence} from {Europe}},\n\turl = {https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/11333/the-struggle-for-refugee-integration-into-the-labour-market-evidence-from-europe},\n\tabstract = {In this paper, we use repeated cross-sectional survey data to study the labour market performance of refugees across several EU countries and over time. In the first part, we document that labour market outcomes for refugees are consistently worse than those for other comparable migrants. The gap remains sizeable even after controlling for individual characteristics as well as for unobservables using a rich set of fixed effects and interactions between area of origin, entry cohort and destination country. Refugees are 11.6 percent less likely to have a job and 22.1 percent more likely to be unemployed than migrants with similar characteristics. Moreover, their income, occupational quality and labour market participation are also relatively weaker. This gap persists until about 10 years after immigration. In the second part, we assess the role of asylum policies in explaining the observed refugee gap. We conduct a difference-in-differences analysis that exploits the differential timing of dispersal policy enactment across European countries: we show that refugee cohorts exposed to these polices have persistently worse labour market outcomes. Further, we find that entry cohorts admitted when refugee status recognition rates are relatively high integrate better into the host country labour market.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11333},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},\n\tauthor = {Fasani, Francesco and Frattini, Tommaso and Minale, Luigi},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {IDPs, Labor Market Outcomes for Refugees and IDPs, Refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Displaced in Cities : Experiencing and Responding to Urban Internal Displacement Outside Camps.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n ICRC\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report ICRC, August 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Displaced$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{icrc_displaced_2018,\n\ttitle = {Displaced in {Cities} : {Experiencing} and {Responding} to {Urban} {Internal} {Displacement} {Outside} {Camps}},\n\turl = {https://www.icrc.org/en/publication/4344-displaced-cities-experiencing-and-responding-urban-internal-displacement-outside},\n\tabstract = {Internal displacement is an increasingly urban phenomenon. This is partly because in a quickly urbanizing world, when cities become sites of armed conflict and other violence, greater numbers are affected.},\n\tinstitution = {ICRC},\n\tauthor = {{ICRC}},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Displaced in cities, Honduras, IDPs, Internal Displacement, Iraq, Nigeria, Somalia},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sultanbeyli, Istanbul: A Case Report of Refugees in Towns.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balcioglu, Z.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Sultanbeyli,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{balcioglu_sultanbeyli_2018,\n\ttitle = {Sultanbeyli, {Istanbul}: {A} {Case} {Report} of {Refugees} in {Towns}},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees in {Towns} {Case} {Study}},\n\turl = {https://fic.tufts.edu/publication-item/sultanbeyli-istanbul-refugees-in-towns/},\n\tabstract = {Turkey has experienced the biggest influx of Syrians, almost 3 million refugees, since 2011. Different than many refugee-receiving countries where refugees are placed in camps upon their arrival, in Turkey, more than 90\\% of all refugees live in cities. This report looks at social capital as a resource for integration. The report is written by a lifelong resident of Istanbul.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {Feinstein International Center, Tufts University},\n\tauthor = {Balcioglu, Zeynep},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hamburg, Germany: A Case Report of Refugees in Towns.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wolff, J. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Hamburg,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{wolff_hamburg_2018,\n\ttitle = {Hamburg, {Germany}: {A} {Case} {Report} of {Refugees} in {Towns}},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees in {Towns} {Case} {Study}},\n\turl = {https://fic.tufts.edu/publication-item/hamburg-germany-refugees-in-towns/},\n\tabstract = {The Hamburg case report focuses on the domain of housing in integration. In response to Germany receiving more than 1.3 million refugees since 2015, the national government approved an unprecedented land use policy enabling the construction of refugee and asylum seeker accommodation in non-residential zones. This case report explores the spatial, ethical, social, and economic implications of Germany’s refugee housing policy and its impact on integration.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {Feinstein International Center, Tufts University},\n\tauthor = {Wolff, Jessica Sadye},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Case Study of Refugees in Towns.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n O’Loghlen, A.; and Bwami, N. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Dar$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{ologhlen_dar_2018,\n\ttitle = {Dar es {Salaam}, {Tanzania}: {A} {Case} {Study} of {Refugees} in {Towns}},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees in {Towns} {Case} {Study}},\n\turl = {https://fic.tufts.edu/publication-item/dar-es-salaam-tanzania-refugees-in-towns/},\n\tabstract = {This report examines the vulnerabilities of urban refugees, and the difficulties they encounter in accessing basic services in the city. It considers their integration with the Tanzanian urban poor who they live side by side in the informal settlements of the city.  It also considers what is next for Tanzania in the wake of a growing displacement crisis in the Central and East African regions, and considers recommendations that could be enacted to improve the lives of the urban refugees of Dar es Salaam.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {Feinstein International Center, Tufts University},\n\tauthor = {O’Loghlen, Aisling and Bwami, Nondo Nobel},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Asylum seekers, Burundi, DRC, Refugees, Tanzania},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cape Town, South Africa: A Case Report of Refugees in Towns.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Muvhuti, B. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Cape$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{muvhuti_cape_2018,\n\ttitle = {Cape {Town}, {South} {Africa}: {A} {Case} {Report} of {Refugees} in {Towns}},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees in {Towns} {Case} {Study}},\n\turl = {https://fic.tufts.edu/publication-item/cape-town-south-africa-refugees-in-towns/},\n\tabstract = {The Cape Town report focuses on the educational integration of first-generation immigrants ages 15-20 in four different schools of Cape Town, and their difficulties with permits, language and cultural barriers, and views of prejudice toward them. The author is himself a migrant to Cape Town from Zimbabwe who has undergone the long process of integration, and presents his own experiences and social network in the city. The report concludes with some recommendations to improve the integration of migrant children in the schools of Cape Town.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {Feinstein International Center, Tufts University},\n\tauthor = {Muvhuti, Barnabas Ticha},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n City of Challenge and Opportunity: Employment and Livelihoods for Internally Displaced People in Maiduguri, Borno State.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wyman, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report IDMC, Geneva, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"City$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{wyman_city_2018,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttype = {Thematic {Series}},\n\ttitle = {City of {Challenge} and {Opportunity}: {Employment} and {Livelihoods} for {Internally} {Displaced} {People} in {Maiduguri}, {Borno} {State}},\n\turl = {https://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/unsettlement-urban-displacement-in-the-21st-century},\n\tabstract = {Almost 300,000 internally displaced people live in Maiduguri, Nigeria, a country where displacement is driven by a number of factors including insecurity – mainly due to Boko Haram - weak governance and climate change. The large-scale influx of IDPs in urban centres challenges existing social dynamics as competition for scarce jobs and resources increases, however at the same time it can create socioeconomics gains as IDPs bring skills, resources and other assets that benefit cities. The first case study of the thematic series explores the challenges and opportunities for IDPs in Maiduguri and their participation in the city’s economy.},\n\tinstitution = {IDMC},\n\tauthor = {Wyman, Lauren},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Employment, IDPs, Internally displaced person (IDP), Livelihood programs, Nigeria},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The role of municipalities in ensuring stability.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zapater, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zapater_role_2018,\n\ttitle = {The role of municipalities in ensuring stability},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/zapater},\n\tabstract = {Responses to crises in Lebanon’s Beka’a region in 2017 show that refugee-hosting municipalities can be a pillar of peaceful coexistence and must be supported.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Zapater, Josep},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Where Life Hangs by a Chain: A Jordanian Refugee Camp is a Test for BlockchainBased Identity Systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Juskalian, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n MIT Technology Review, 121(3). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Where$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{juskalian_where_2018,\n\ttitle = {Where {Life} {Hangs} by a {Chain}: {A} {Jordanian} {Refugee} {Camp} is a {Test} for {BlockchainBased} {Identity} {Systems}},\n\tvolume = {121},\n\turl = {https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610806/inside-the-jordan-refugee-camp-that-runs-on-blockchain/},\n\tabstract = {A sprawling refugee camp in Jordan\nis an early test of whether blockchains\ncan reinvent the way we own, control,\nand administer our legal identities in\nthe 21st century.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {MIT Technology Review},\n\tauthor = {Juskalian, Russ},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Paradigm Shift: How Investments can Unlock the Potential of Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kluge, J.; Docking, T.; and Edelman, J. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Refugee Investment Network, October 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Paradigm$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{kluge_paradigm_2018,\n\ttitle = {Paradigm {Shift}: {How} {Investments} can {Unlock} the {Potential} of {Refugees}},\n\turl = {https://refugeeinvestments.org/resources/paradigm-shift/},\n\tabstract = {The Refugee Investment Network’s flagship report offers impact investors, grant-makers, and development finance professionals with the first overview on how to invest in and with forcibly displaced people.\n\nParadigm Shift tells a story of need, opportunity, and promise, and presents an exciting pathway for investors to build a sustainable refugee investment strategy.\nIt’s a story of refugees, forcibly displaced people, and their hosts—collectively tens of millions of people worldwide—who in many cases are poised for economic growth, but need leadership from innovative and courageous capital partners to unlock it. This report aims not only to describe the massive and urgent need to bridge private capital that will help mitigate today’s refugee crisis, but also presents concrete and sustainable opportunities to do so, along with strategies for success. In the end, it argues that changing the current investor paradigm to usher in an era of refugee investments is not only achievable—it’s already underway.\n\nIn Paradigm Shift, the RIN presents a market that is both hopeful and often overlooked because of the high perceived risks associated with investing in refugees. The report’s data reveal that refugees are indeed employable, hardworking, credit-worthy, and ultimately, investable—facts that are already benefiting smart investors and their refugee partners. International donors, most notably the United Nations, are also pressing ahead to fill the massive funding gap in their budgets to finance the 2030 development agenda represented by the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, to which global forced migration is inextricably linked.\n\nSo, what exactly is a “refugee investment”? In Paradigm Shift, the RIN presents a first-of-a-kind “Refugee Lens” as an actionable tool for investors to qualify both prospective and historical deals.\n\nThe report also presents the rationale for a broad definition of refugee to include not only forcibly displaced people, but also their hosts.\n\nResearch and analysis for this report reveals that innovative refugee investments are already taking shape—even in a resource-constrained environment where billions of dollars rest on the sidelines, waiting for guidance on how to engage. The RIN conducted over 100 interviews for this report to understand the primary barriers to refugee investing and how existing efforts are overcoming them. Concerns around sourcing, structuring, human capacity and restrictive policy and regulatory environments topped the list of challenges for investors. Meanwhile, the report shares several case studies of deals demonstrating how the use of blended capital and other creative financing structures can mitigate these risks.\n\nOne theme central to Paradigm Shift is the current lack of—but urgent need for—“connective tissue,” or the specialized intermediaries in the refugee investment marketplace that can bridge the need with the opportunity to create a sustainable and scalable market. The RIN fills this gap with targeted and timely research and education on investable refugee opportunities; facilitation enhanced by its network of partners, contacts, and members; and through advocacy for pro-refugee policies using creative financial incentives.\n\nAbove all, Paradigm Shift highlights that more can— and must—be done. The report concludes with an “all capital on deck” call to action and recommendations for the impact investment community, foundations and corporations, and institutional and faith-based investors: Be bold, take the lead in changing your system, and collaborate with the RIN and other early movers to shift the paradigm!},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Investment Network},\n\tauthor = {Kluge, John and Docking, Timothy and Edelman, Joanne Ke},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n The Refugee Investment Network’s flagship report offers impact investors, grant-makers, and development finance professionals with the first overview on how to invest in and with forcibly displaced people. Paradigm Shift tells a story of need, opportunity, and promise, and presents an exciting pathway for investors to build a sustainable refugee investment strategy. It’s a story of refugees, forcibly displaced people, and their hosts—collectively tens of millions of people worldwide—who in many cases are poised for economic growth, but need leadership from innovative and courageous capital partners to unlock it. This report aims not only to describe the massive and urgent need to bridge private capital that will help mitigate today’s refugee crisis, but also presents concrete and sustainable opportunities to do so, along with strategies for success. In the end, it argues that changing the current investor paradigm to usher in an era of refugee investments is not only achievable—it’s already underway. In Paradigm Shift, the RIN presents a market that is both hopeful and often overlooked because of the high perceived risks associated with investing in refugees. The report’s data reveal that refugees are indeed employable, hardworking, credit-worthy, and ultimately, investable—facts that are already benefiting smart investors and their refugee partners. International donors, most notably the United Nations, are also pressing ahead to fill the massive funding gap in their budgets to finance the 2030 development agenda represented by the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, to which global forced migration is inextricably linked. So, what exactly is a “refugee investment”? In Paradigm Shift, the RIN presents a first-of-a-kind “Refugee Lens” as an actionable tool for investors to qualify both prospective and historical deals. The report also presents the rationale for a broad definition of refugee to include not only forcibly displaced people, but also their hosts. Research and analysis for this report reveals that innovative refugee investments are already taking shape—even in a resource-constrained environment where billions of dollars rest on the sidelines, waiting for guidance on how to engage. The RIN conducted over 100 interviews for this report to understand the primary barriers to refugee investing and how existing efforts are overcoming them. Concerns around sourcing, structuring, human capacity and restrictive policy and regulatory environments topped the list of challenges for investors. Meanwhile, the report shares several case studies of deals demonstrating how the use of blended capital and other creative financing structures can mitigate these risks. One theme central to Paradigm Shift is the current lack of—but urgent need for—“connective tissue,” or the specialized intermediaries in the refugee investment marketplace that can bridge the need with the opportunity to create a sustainable and scalable market. The RIN fills this gap with targeted and timely research and education on investable refugee opportunities; facilitation enhanced by its network of partners, contacts, and members; and through advocacy for pro-refugee policies using creative financial incentives. Above all, Paradigm Shift highlights that more can— and must—be done. The report concludes with an “all capital on deck” call to action and recommendations for the impact investment community, foundations and corporations, and institutional and faith-based investors: Be bold, take the lead in changing your system, and collaborate with the RIN and other early movers to shift the paradigm!\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Summary of IFC’s Stocktaking Study of Private Sector Initiatives: Engaging Refugees and Host Communities.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n IFC\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report International Finance Corporation, Washington, D.C., 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{ifc_summary_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {Summary of {IFC}’s {Stocktaking} {Study} of {Private} {Sector} {Initiatives}: {Engaging} {Refugees} and {Host} {Communities}},\n\tinstitution = {International Finance Corporation},\n\tauthor = {{IFC}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Kakuma as a marketplace: a consumer and market study of a refugee camp and town in northwest Kenya.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n IFC\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report International Finance Corporation, Washington, D.C., 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Kakuma$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{ifc_kakuma_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {Kakuma as a marketplace: a consumer and market study of a refugee camp and town in northwest {Kenya}},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/482761525339883916/kakuma-as-a-marketplace-a-consumer-and-market-study-of-a-refugee-camp-and-town-in-northwest-kenya},\n\tabstract = {The evolving global refugee crisis calls for\ninnovative approaches. In Sub-Saharan\nAfrica, IFC’s engagement begins in Kakuma\ntown and refugee camp in northwest Kenya,\nwhich for 25 years has hosted some of the 20\nmillion people displaced in the region. Living\nin Kakuma for decades with little prospect of\nreturning home, becoming a Kenyan citizen,\nor being resettled in a developed country, the\noptions for the camp’s residents are limited.\nWhile traveling to Kakuma camp at UNHCR’s\ninvitation, we discovered a vibrant though\ninformal market. Buzzing street shops,\ninternet cafés, restaurants, and beauty\nsalons showed the potential of the private\nsector. However, what we saw had yet to be\nmeasured or monetized.\nKakuma as a Marketplace is a consumer and\nmarket study, which examines the camp and\ntown through the lens of a private firm looking\nto enter a new market. The study included\na survey of 1,400 households in the refugee\ncamp and neighboring town. Rather than\nfocusing on humanitarian or development\nneeds of refugees and the host community, we\nconsidered Kakuma camp and town as a single\ncommercial and financial market – collecting\ndata on consumption levels and patterns,\nconsumer preferences, financial literacy,\naccess to finance, telecommunications,\nemployment, and business ownership.\nTo highlight the types of opportunities that\nexist or might be possible for the private\nsector, the team also interviewed companies\nalready operating in Kakuma camp and town\nor considering entering the market. The\nsample covered a variety of sectors, including\nretail, sanitation, and energy. Key aspects\nof each company’s business model and the\nincentives to enter refugee camps provide a\nsense of the potential.\nKakuma as a Marketplace presents information\nfor companies looking to enter the\nsubstantial, yet mostly untapped market,\nin Kakuma. Commercial and financial data\nis necessary for private sector engagement,\nbut there is seldom information available on\nrefugees outside of academic, development,\nand humanitarian studies. Through its\nfindings, we hope that this study might\nlay the foundation for private initiatives to\nharness and strengthen the existing business\nopportunities in Kakuma to the benefit of the\nrefugees and the host community – and for\nrefugees to lead self-determined lives.},\n\tinstitution = {International Finance Corporation},\n\tauthor = {{IFC}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Burundi, DRC, Ethiopia, Kakuma, Refugee, Somalia, South Sudan},\n}\n\n

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\n The evolving global refugee crisis calls for innovative approaches. In Sub-Saharan Africa, IFC’s engagement begins in Kakuma town and refugee camp in northwest Kenya, which for 25 years has hosted some of the 20 million people displaced in the region. Living in Kakuma for decades with little prospect of returning home, becoming a Kenyan citizen, or being resettled in a developed country, the options for the camp’s residents are limited. While traveling to Kakuma camp at UNHCR’s invitation, we discovered a vibrant though informal market. Buzzing street shops, internet cafés, restaurants, and beauty salons showed the potential of the private sector. However, what we saw had yet to be measured or monetized. Kakuma as a Marketplace is a consumer and market study, which examines the camp and town through the lens of a private firm looking to enter a new market. The study included a survey of 1,400 households in the refugee camp and neighboring town. Rather than focusing on humanitarian or development needs of refugees and the host community, we considered Kakuma camp and town as a single commercial and financial market – collecting data on consumption levels and patterns, consumer preferences, financial literacy, access to finance, telecommunications, employment, and business ownership. To highlight the types of opportunities that exist or might be possible for the private sector, the team also interviewed companies already operating in Kakuma camp and town or considering entering the market. The sample covered a variety of sectors, including retail, sanitation, and energy. Key aspects of each company’s business model and the incentives to enter refugee camps provide a sense of the potential. Kakuma as a Marketplace presents information for companies looking to enter the substantial, yet mostly untapped market, in Kakuma. Commercial and financial data is necessary for private sector engagement, but there is seldom information available on refugees outside of academic, development, and humanitarian studies. Through its findings, we hope that this study might lay the foundation for private initiatives to harness and strengthen the existing business opportunities in Kakuma to the benefit of the refugees and the host community – and for refugees to lead self-determined lives.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees and Their Money: The Business Case for Providing Financial Services to Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n FSD Africa; BFA Global; and DIFD\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report FSD Africa, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{fsd_africa_refugees_2018,\n\ttitle = {Refugees and {Their} {Money}: {The} {Business} {Case} for {Providing} {Financial} {Services} to {Refugees}},\n\turl = {https://bfaglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Refugees-and-Their-Money_-Assessing-the-Business-Case-for-Providing-Financial-Services-to-Refugees.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Countries:\nRwanda\nBFA Global, supported by FSD Africa, carried out a macro- and micro- analysis to build a better understanding of the financial needs of displaced populations in Rwanda. The study had two objectives: first, to provide market intelligence to build a sound business case for financial institutions to profitably serve the forcibly displaced persons (FDPs) population; and second, to better understand the financial needs of the FDP population in Rwanda to enable financial service providers (FSPs) to effectively target the segment.\n\nThe BFA Global team engaged with FSPs to better understand the risks and barriers in offering financial services to displaced people. Through a market sizing exercise, a segmentation matrix was developed using existing data sets. With insights from the financial institutions, we conducted fieldwork with FDPs to understand the need for formal financial services. The fieldwork sought to understand the access to and usage of commercially provided financial services. The results of the research and the business case were then shared with the financial service providers. Five FSPs were then selected to go through a three-day design sprint where they developed a paper prototype and tested it out with FDPs in one of the camps. Our team led the design sprint. The team in collaboration with FSDA, UNHCR, and AFR developed a communications plan that ensured the results would be disseminated to different financial services providers in the region.},\n\tinstitution = {FSD Africa},\n\tauthor = {{FSD Africa} and {BFA Global} and {DIFD}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unexpected guests: The impact of internal displacement inflows on rental prices in Colombian host cities.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Depetris-Chauvin, E.; and Santos, R. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Development Economics, 134: 289–309. September 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Unexpected$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{depetris-chauvin_unexpected_2018,\n\ttitle = {Unexpected guests: {The} impact of internal displacement inflows on rental prices in {Colombian} host cities},\n\tvolume = {134},\n\tissn = {0304-3878},\n\tshorttitle = {Unexpected guests},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438781830484X},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.05.006},\n\tabstract = {We study the causal impact of internally displaced people (IDP) inflows on rental prices in Colombian host cities. Following an instrumental variables approach we find that as IDP inflows increase, low-income rental prices increase and high-income rental prices decrease. We provide empirical evidence on two potential mechanisms for these findings: Excess demand for low-income housing puts upwards pressure on rental prices; increasing supply of high-income housing coupled with rising homicide rates put downwards pressure on rental prices.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Development Economics},\n\tauthor = {Depetris-Chauvin, Emilio and Santos, Rafael J.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Crime, Internal displaced people, Migration, Rental prices},\n\tpages = {289--309},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Returning Home after Civil War: Food Security and Nutrition among Burundian Households.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Verwimp, P.; and Muñoz-Mora, J. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Development Studies, 54(6): 1019–1040. June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Returning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{verwimp_returning_2018,\n\ttitle = {Returning {Home} after {Civil} {War}: {Food} {Security} and {Nutrition} among {Burundian} {Households}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tissn = {0022-0388},\n\tshorttitle = {Returning {Home} after {Civil} {War}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2017.1311407},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00220388.2017.1311407},\n\tabstract = {This paper investigates the food security and nutritional status of formerly displaced households (HHs). Using the 2006 Core Welfare Indicator Survey for Burundi we compare their food intake and their level of expenses with that of their non-displaced neighbours. We test whether it is the duration of displacement that matters for current food security and nutritional status or the time lapsed since returning home. We use log-linear as well as propensity score matching and an instrumental variable-approach to control for self-selection bias. We find that the individuals and HHs who returned home just before the time of the survey are worse off compared to those who returned several years earlier. On average, the formerly displaced have 5 per cent lower food expenses and 6 per cent lower calorie intake. Moreover, we find evidence in favour of duration of displacement as the main mechanisms through which displacement affects HH welfare. Results are robust after controlling for self-selection bias. Despite international, government and NGO assistance, the welfare of recent returnees is lagging seriously behind in comparison with the local non-displaced populations.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Development Studies},\n\tauthor = {Verwimp, Philip and Muñoz-Mora, Juan Carlos},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1019--1040},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n IDP resettlement and collective targeting during civil wars: Evidence from Colombia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Steele, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peace Research. April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"IDP$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{steele_idp_2018,\n\ttitle = {{IDP} resettlement and collective targeting during civil wars: {Evidence} from {Colombia}},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2018},\n\tshorttitle = {{IDP} resettlement and collective targeting during civil wars},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318763706},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318763706},\n\tabstract = {Refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) are not always safe where they resettle in ethnic civil wars, in which civilians’ identities overlap with the et...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Steele, Abbey},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Escaping War: Where to next? The Challenges of IDP Protection in Afghanistan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Samuel Hall; NRC; and IDMC\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2018.\n commissioned by NRC / IDMC and funded by the European Union and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Escaping$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{samuel_hall_escaping_2018,\n\ttitle = {Escaping {War}: {Where} to next? {The} {Challenges} of {IDP} {Protection} in {Afghanistan}},\n\tshorttitle = {Escaping {War}},\n\turl = {https://www.nrc.no/resources/reports/escaping-war-where-to-next-the-challenges-of-idp-protection-in-Afghanistan/},\n\tabstract = {Displacement has been a feature of Afghanistan’s humanitarian crisis for decades, yet a new study by NRC, IDMC and Samuel Hall reveals how intensifying conflict across the country has caused a shar...},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tauthor = {{Samuel Hall} and {NRC} and {IDMC}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {commissioned by NRC / IDMC and funded by\nthe European Union and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ethnic Inequality and Forced Displacement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brück, T.; Hennicke, M.; and Schumann, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2018-27, ULB - Universite Libre de Bruxelles, October 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ethnic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{bruck_ethnic_2018,\n\ttitle = {Ethnic {Inequality} and {Forced} {Displacement}},\n\turl = {https://ideas.repec.org/p/eca/wpaper/2013-277362.html},\n\tabstract = {We study how inequality shapes victimization in ethnic conflicts. Our case study of a recent conflict in Kyrgyzstan documents how communities with large ethnic inequalities in education experienced intense displacement of their habitants. We first demonstrate that the correlation of ethnic inequalities and conflict intensity at the community level is robust against alternative drivers of conflict such as polarization or segregation. We then identify who precisely in the joint distribution of education and ethnicity is displaced by the conflict. Our findings suggest that horizontal andvertical inequality can drive victimisation in different ways for different people. For instance, socioeconomic advantage compared within ethnicity increased individual probabilities to be displaced, and decreased probabilities compared to the other ethnicity.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2018-27},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {ULB - Universite Libre de Bruxelles},\n\tauthor = {Brück, Tilman and Hennicke, Moritz and Schumann, Antje},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {ethnic, forced displacement, inequality},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of the Regulatory Environment on Refugees’ and Asylum Seekers’ Ability to Use Formal Remittance Channels.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Isaacs, L.; Hugo, S.; Robson, G.; Bush, C.; Issacs, P.; and Moré Martinez, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 33, KNOMAD, July 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Impact$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{isaacs_impact_2018,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Impact of the {Regulatory} {Environment} on {Refugees}’ and {Asylum} {Seekers}’ {Ability} to {Use} {Formal} {Remittance} {Channels}},\n\turl = {https://www.knomad.org/publication/impacts-regulatory-environment-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-ability-use-formal},\n\tabstract = {This report uses seven sample countries as case studies to focus on how regulations and regulatory policies affect a refugee’s ability to send and receive formal, cross-border remittances. It identifies the main regulatory challenges and makes a series of recommendations to address them. Previous surveys and anecdotal evidence indicate that refugees and asylum seekers are senders and receivers of remittances. However, this group has received little attention to date. There is little understanding as to the challenges faced by refugees and asylum seekers in accessing formal, cross-border remittance services and whether these challenges differ from those faced by other migrants. The report finds that the main challenge refugees and asylum seekers experience when trying to send remittances is one of access. There is a clear conflict between the documentation that refugees and asylum seekers are provided and the documentation that they require according to anti-money laundering and counterterrorism financing regulations. Across the seven sample countries—Denmark, Ethiopia, Germany, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—there are no regulations specifically focusing on these groups with respect to money transfers. Efforts to achieve “proportionate regulation” are compromised due to these groups’ specific circumstances, including their legal status, country of origin, and identification (or lack of it). There is a clear need for further guidance to stakeholders from the top down, from regulators and policy makers to remittance agents and bank branch managers. At all levels, the challenges of access are found to extend beyond direct access to remittance services, to include barriers to mainstream banking services.},\n\tnumber = {33},\n\tinstitution = {KNOMAD},\n\tauthor = {Isaacs, Leon and Hugo, Sarah and Robson, Gemma and Bush, Charlie and Issacs, Poppy and Moré Martinez, Iñigo},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamic Refugee Matching.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Andersson, T.; Ehlers, L.; and Martinello, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Working Papers, (2018:7). 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Dynamic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{andersson_dynamic_2018,\n\ttitle = {Dynamic {Refugee} {Matching}},\n\turl = {http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/0d81f343-6aa5-460a-a982-57da5dd98059},\n\tabstract = {Asylum seekers are often assigned to a locality in their host country directly upon arrival based on some type of uninformed dynamic matching system which does not take the background of the asylum seekers into consideration. This paper proposes an informed, intuitive, easy-to-implement and computationally efficient dynamic mechanism for matching asylum seekers to localities. This mechanism can be adopted in any dynamic refugee matching problem given locality-specific quotas and that asylum seekers can be classified into specific types. We demonstrate that any matching selected by the proposed mechanism is Pareto efficient and that envy between localities is bounded by a single asylum seeker. Via simulation, we evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanism in settings that resemble the US and the Swedish situations, and show that our mechanism outperforms uninformed mechanisms even in presence of severe misclassification error in the estimation of asylum seeker types.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2018:7},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Working Papers},\n\tauthor = {Andersson, Tommy and Ehlers, Lars and Martinello, Alessandro},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Asylum seekers, Dynamic refugee matching, Refugee, Refugee Matching},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Improving refugee integration through data-driven algorithmic assignment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bansak, K.; Ferwerda, J.; Hainmueller, J.; Dillon, A.; Hangartner, D.; Lawrence, D.; and Weinstein, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, 359(6373): 325–329. January 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Improving$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bansak_improving_2018,\n\ttitle = {Improving refugee integration through data-driven algorithmic assignment},\n\tvolume = {359},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. http://www.sciencemag.org/about/science-licenses-journal-article-reuseThis is an article distributed under the terms of the Science Journals Default License.},\n\tissn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},\n\turl = {https://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6373/325},\n\tdoi = {10.1126/science.aao4408},\n\tabstract = {Data-driven refugee assignment\nThe continuing refugee crisis has made it necessary for governments to find ways to resettle individuals and families in host communities. Bansak et al. used a machine learning approach to develop an algorithm for geographically placing refugees to optimize their overall employment rate. The authors developed and tested the algorithm on segments of registry data from the United States and Switzerland. The algorithm improved the employment prospects of refugees in the United States by ∼40\\% and in Switzerland by ∼75\\%.\nScience, this issue p. 325\nDeveloped democracies are settling an increased number of refugees, many of whom face challenges integrating into host societies. We developed a flexible data-driven algorithm that assigns refugees across resettlement locations to improve integration outcomes. The algorithm uses a combination of supervised machine learning and optimal matching to discover and leverage synergies between refugee characteristics and resettlement sites. The algorithm was tested on historical registry data from two countries with different assignment regimes and refugee populations, the United States and Switzerland. Our approach led to gains of roughly 40 to 70\\%, on average, in refugees’ employment outcomes relative to current assignment practices. This approach can provide governments with a practical and cost-efficient policy tool that can be immediately implemented within existing institutional structures.\nA machine learning–based algorithm for assigning refugees can improve their employment prospects over current approaches.\nA machine learning–based algorithm for assigning refugees can improve their employment prospects over current approaches.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6373},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Science},\n\tauthor = {Bansak, Kirk and Ferwerda, Jeremy and Hainmueller, Jens and Dillon, Andrea and Hangartner, Dominik and Lawrence, Duncan and Weinstein, Jeremy},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {29348237},\n\tpages = {325--329},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Return to Big City Experience: Evidence from Danish Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Eckert, F.; Walsh, C.; and Hejlesen, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1214, Society for Economic Dynamics, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{eckert_return_2018,\n\ttitle = {The {Return} to {Big} {City} {Experience}: {Evidence} from {Danish} {Refugees}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Return} to {Big} {City} {Experience}},\n\turl = {https://ideas.repec.org/p/red/sed018/1214.html},\n\tabstract = {Using a random settlement policy for refugees in Denmark between 1986-1998, we provide evidence for steeper returns to experience in big cities. Exploiting exogenous variation in initial placement, we show that the slope of an individual’s lifetime wage path depends strongly on placement in the country’s capital, Copenhagen. Conditional on observables, settled refugees initially earn similar hourly wages across regions, but those placed in Copenhagen see their wages grow 0.63\\% faster than others with each year of experience they accumulate. We further show that this premium is driven by greater acquisition of experience at high-wage establishments, and differential sorting across occupations. Finally, to account for dynamic selection within the city, we develop and estimate a structural model of earnings dynamics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1214},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {Society for Economic Dynamics},\n\tauthor = {Eckert, Fabian and Walsh, Conor and Hejlesen, Mads},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Everyday Justice for the Internally Displaced in a Context of Fragility: The Case of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jacobs, C.; and Kyamusugulwa, P. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Refugee Studies, 31(2): 179–196. June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Everyday$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{jacobs_everyday_2018,\n\ttitle = {Everyday {Justice} for the {Internally} {Displaced} in a {Context} of {Fragility}: {The} {Case} of the {Democratic} {Republic} of {Congo} ({DRC})},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {0951-6328},\n\tshorttitle = {Everyday {Justice} for the {Internally} {Displaced} in a {Context} of {Fragility}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article/31/2/179/4554478},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jrs/fex025},\n\tabstract = {Abstract.  Bukavu is a rapidly growing city in the conflict-affected east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is home to large numbers of internally displac},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Refugee Studies},\n\tauthor = {Jacobs, Carolien and Kyamusugulwa, Patrick Milabyo},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {179--196},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From protection to persecution: Threat environment and refugee scapegoating:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Savun, B.; and Gineste, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peace Research. December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"From$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{savun_protection_2018,\n\ttitle = {From protection to persecution: {Threat} environment and refugee scapegoating:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2018},\n\tshorttitle = {From protection to persecution},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318811432},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318811432},\n\tabstract = {The security consequences associated with refugee flows are among the most widely studied aspects of forced migration. While the majority of this research progr...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Savun, Burcu and Gineste, Christian},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Introducing POSVAR: A dataset on refugee-related violence:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gineste, C.; and Savun, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peace Research. December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Introducing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{gineste_introducing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Introducing {POSVAR}: {A} dataset on refugee-related violence:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2018},\n\tshorttitle = {Introducing {POSVAR}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318811440},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318811440},\n\tabstract = {While scholars have for some time debated the role of refugee flows in the international spread of conflict, most evidence has been indirect due to the scarcity...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Gineste, Christian and Savun, Burcu},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee youth, unemployment and extremism: countering the myth.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mikhael, D.; and Norman, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{mikhael_refugee_2018,\n\ttitle = {Refugee youth, unemployment and extremism: countering the myth},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/mikhael-norman},\n\tabstract = {Refugee youth unemployment has been linked to increased risk of extremism and/or exploitation. Research indicates, however, that unemployment is just one of many factors triggering frustration among young refugees.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Mikhael, Drew and Norman, Julie},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Collaboration with criminal organisations in Colombia: an obstacle to economic recovery.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hays, C. M\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Collaboration$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hays_collaboration_2018,\n\ttitle = {Collaboration with criminal organisations in {Colombia}: an obstacle to economic recovery},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/hays},\n\tabstract = {Those seeking to support economic development for internally displaced people in Colombia need to understand how and why many IDPs collaborate with armed groups and criminal organisations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Hays, Christopher M},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Armed Groups, Colombia, Criminal organisations, Economic recovery},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Violence, displacement, contact, and attitudes toward hosting refugees:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghosn, F.; Braithwaite, A.; and Chu, T. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peace Research. December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Violence,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{ghosn_violence_2018,\n\ttitle = {Violence, displacement, contact, and attitudes toward hosting refugees:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2018},\n\tshorttitle = {Violence, displacement, contact, and attitudes toward hosting refugees},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318804581},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318804581},\n\tabstract = {How do individuals’ personal experiences with various aspects of political violence affect their attitudes toward hosting conflict refugees? More specifically, ...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Ghosn, Faten and Braithwaite, Alex and Chu, Tiffany S.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Victims or Intruders? Framing the Migrant Crisis in Greece and Macedonia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bosilkov, I.; and Drakaki, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Identity and Migration Studies, 12(1): 26–45. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Victims$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bosilkov_victims_2018,\n\ttitle = {Victims or {Intruders}? {Framing} the {Migrant} {Crisis} in {Greece} and {Macedonia}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\turl = {http://www.e-migration.ro/jims/Vol12_No1_2018/JIMS_Vol12_No1_2018_pp_26_45_BOSILKOV.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Representations of immigrants in media are considered a major factor in shaping immigration attitudes. In the context of the migrant crisis in Europe, we analyze how news content about the migrant crisis is framed by media in Greece and Macedonia, two neighboring countries on the Balkan migrant route. By using framing theory as analytical framework, this study applies Benson's (2013) paradigmatic "security/threat" and "humanitarian/victim" frame dichotomy in migration coverage to the concept of issue framing. The content analysis of six print media outlets in both countries (N = 660) investigates the variety of subframes and framing devices within the scope of the two overarching frames, finding dominant portrayals of refugees as illegal trespassers, potential terrorists and social burdens in both countries. However, positive depictions of migrants are more common in Greece, which we attribute to the absence of ideological consensus and differences between the countries' political and media systems.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Identity and Migration Studies},\n\tauthor = {Bosilkov, Ivo and Drakaki, Dimitra},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {26--45},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The 2015 Refugee Crisis in Germany: Concerns About Immigration and Populism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sola, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report ID 3169243, Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sola_2015_2018,\n\taddress = {Rochester, NY},\n\ttype = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The 2015 {Refugee} {Crisis} in {Germany}: {Concerns} {About} {Immigration} and {Populism}},\n\tshorttitle = {The 2015 {Refugee} {Crisis} in {Germany}},\n\turl = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3169243},\n\tabstract = {This paper investigates the effect of the refugee crisis, and the related government’s asylum policy, on concerns about immigration of the German population. Exploiting exogenous variation in survey interview timing of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), I employ a difference-in-differences strategy to estimate the short-term causal effect of the refugee crisis on concerns about immigration. The estimated effect is substantial, representing an increase in concerns of around 22\\%, compared to the pre-refugee crisis baseline level. Interestingly, I find that this increase was twice as large for East Germans, compared to West Germans. In a second section, I show concerns about immigration are positively correlated with political support for the relatively new, right-wing populist party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). However, using the variability in concerns generated by the refugee crisis, I find no evidence of a causal effect of concerns on political preferences in the short term.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {ID 3169243},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {Social Science Research Network},\n\tauthor = {Sola, Alessandro},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {AfD, Germany, concerns about immigration, political preferences, populism, refugee crisis},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The importance of social capital in protracted displacement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Uzelac, A.; Meester, J.; Goransson, M.; and van den Berg, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{uzelac_importance_2018,\n\ttitle = {The importance of social capital in protracted displacement},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/uzelac-meester-goransson-vandenberg},\n\tabstract = {By understanding the role that social capital plays in the lives of Syrian refugees in Lebanon – how it is created, sustained, converted and what happens when it breaks down – we hope to generate discussion about ways to further tailor assessments, targeting and programming in this and other situations of protracted displacement.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Uzelac, Ana and Meester, Jos and Goransson, Markus and van den Berg, Willem},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Social Cohesion and Forced Displacement: A Desk Review to Inform Programming and Project Design.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n de Berry, J. P.; and Roberts, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Social$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{de_berry_social_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {Social {Cohesion} and {Forced} {Displacement}: {A} {Desk} {Review} to {Inform} {Programming} and {Project} {Design}},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/125521531981681035/social-cohesion-and-forced-displacement-a-desk-review-to-inform-programming-and-project-design},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {de Berry, Joanna P. and Roberts, Andrew},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees’ engagement with host economies in Uganda.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Omata, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees’$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{omata_refugees_2018,\n\ttitle = {Refugees’ engagement with host economies in {Uganda}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/omata},\n\tabstract = {Multi-sited fieldwork in Uganda allows for an exploration of the complex patterns of engagement between refugees’ economic activities and local economies, in urban, emergency and protracted settings.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Omata, Naohiko},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Turkey: between hospitality and hostility.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zoeteweij-Turhan, M. H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Turkey:$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zoeteweij-turhan_turkey_2018,\n\ttitle = {Turkey: between hospitality and hostility},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/zoeteweijturhan},\n\tabstract = {Recent political developments and changes in Turkey’s asylum law have had a significantly injurious impact on the safety and legal certainty of refugees in Turkey.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Zoeteweij-Turhan, Margarite Helena},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Quality of work for Syrian refugees in Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kattaa, M.; and Byrne, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Quality$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{kattaa_quality_2018,\n\ttitle = {Quality of work for {Syrian} refugees in {Jordan}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/kattaa-byrne},\n\tabstract = {Work permits have been at the centre of the policy debate on the hosting of Syrian refugees in Jordan. This approach needs also to involve ensuring decent working conditions for all.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Kattaa, Maha and Byrne, Meredith},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Economic Impact of Giving Land to Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhu, H.; Taylor, J. E.; Gupta, A.; Filipski, M.; Valli, J.; and Gonzalez-Estrarda, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Washington, D.C., 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Economic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@inproceedings{zhu_economic_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {Economic {Impact} of {Giving} {Land} to {Refugees}},\n\turl = {https://arefiles.ucdavis.edu/uploads/filer_public/c3/2c/c32c2679-a281-4f28-9e41-06f6803fd06a/economic_impacts_of_giving_land_to_refugees.pdf},\n\tauthor = {Zhu, Heng and Taylor, J. Edward and Gupta, Anubhab and Filipski, Mateusz and Valli, Jaakko and Gonzalez-Estrarda, Ernesto},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Land to refugees, Uganda, refugee settlement, refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The role of rural grocery stores in refugee reception.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Whyte, Z.; Larsen, B. R.; and Schaldemose, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{whyte_role_2018,\n\ttitle = {The role of rural grocery stores in refugee reception},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/whyte-larsen-schaldemose},\n\tabstract = {Our research with rural grocery store managers in Denmark suggests that the integration of asylum centres into the local social and economic life in rural areas is a key factor in successful refugee reception.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Whyte, Zachary and Larsen, Birgitte Romme and Schaldemose, Mona},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Integrating refugee doctors into host health-care systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Namak, S.; Sahhar, F.; Kureshi, S.; El Rayess, F.; and Mishori, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Integrating$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{namak_integrating_2018,\n\ttitle = {Integrating refugee doctors into host health-care systems},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/namak-sahhar-kureshi-elrayess-mishori},\n\tabstract = {Refugee doctors face a number of barriers to practising medicine, despite the significant contributions that they can make.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Namak, Shahla and Sahhar, Fatin and Kureshi, Sarah and El Rayess, Fadya and Mishori, Ranit},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From refugee to employee: work integration in rural Denmark.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ledstrup, M.; and Larsen, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"From$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{ledstrup_refugee_2018,\n\ttitle = {From refugee to employee: work integration in rural {Denmark}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/ledstrup-larsen},\n\tabstract = {The launch of Red Cross Denmark’s Fast Track programme, which focuses on early refugee employment, offers an opportunity to explore the relationship between local employment of refugees and the sustainability of rural life.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Ledstrup, Martin and Larsen, Marie},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Supporting recently resettled refugees in the UK.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Belghazi, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Supporting$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{belghazi_supporting_2018,\n\ttitle = {Supporting recently resettled refugees in the {UK}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/belghazi},\n\tabstract = {Organisations supporting recently resettled refugees to find employment should focus on providing them with the tools to navigate the employment market in a sustainable way that leads to their personal development.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Belghazi, Marwa},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The gig economy in complex refugee situations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hunt, A.; Samman, E.; Mansour-Ille, D.; and Max, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hunt_gig_2018,\n\ttitle = {The gig economy in complex refugee situations},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/hunt-samman-mansourille-max},\n\tabstract = {Research with Syrian women refugees in Jordan suggests that, despite significant challenges, the gig economy has some potential to help refugees participate in host communities and to bolster their economic participation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Hunt, Abigail and Samman, Emma and Mansour-Ille, Dina and Max, Henrieke},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee livelihoods: new actors, new models.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ayoubi, Z.; and Saavedra, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{ayoubi_refugee_2018,\n\ttitle = {Refugee livelihoods: new actors, new models},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/ayoubi-saavedra},\n\tabstract = {The international community is increasingly emphasising the need to bridge the humanitarian–development gap. But what does this mean on the ground in terms of refugees’ livelihoods and economic inclusion?},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Ayoubi, Ziad and Saavedra, Regina},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Validating highly educated refugees’ qualifications.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mozetič, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Validating$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{mozetic_validating_2018,\n\ttitle = {Validating highly educated refugees’ qualifications},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/mozetic},\n\tabstract = {Qualification certificates play a central role in the labour market integration of highly educated refugees but validating them presents considerable challenges. Sweden and Norway have introduced some positive developments to address such difficulties.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Mozetič, Katarina},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Expanding economic opportunities in protracted displacement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Takahashi, M.; Moroz, M.; Peters, J.; Pronyk, J.; and Barltrop, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Expanding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{takahashi_expanding_2018,\n\ttitle = {Expanding economic opportunities in protracted displacement},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/takahashi-moroz-peters-pronyk-barltrop},\n\tabstract = {Welcome progress has been made towards realising commitments made by international donors and host country governments to expand economic opportunities for Syrian refugees and host communities in neighbouring countries. However targets and commitments also bring new challenges, and evidence must underpin new policies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Takahashi, Miki and Moroz, Michael and Peters, Jonathan and Pronyk, Jason and Barltrop, Richard},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The labor market integration of refugees to the United States: Do entrepreneurs in the network help?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dagnelie, O.; Mayda, A. M.; and Maystadt, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{dagnelie_labor_2018,\n\ttitle = {The labor market integration of refugees to the {United} {States}: {Do} entrepreneurs in the network help?},\n\turl = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZlGsIieAr4PSZaoO6KjBkiuC6uPAzgzG/view},\n\tabstract = {We investigate whether entrepreneurs in the network of refugees – from the same country of\norigin – help refugees’ labor-market integration by hiring them in their businesses. We analyze\nthe universe of refugee cases without U.S. ties who were resettled in the United States between\n\n2005 and 2010. We address threats to identification due to sorting of refugees into specific la-\nbor markets and to strategic placement by resettlement agencies. We find that the probability\n\nthat refugees are employed 90 days after arrival is positively a↵ected by the number of business\nowners in their network, but negatively a↵ected by the number of those who are employees.\nThis suggests that network members who are entrepreneurs hire refugees in their business, while\n\nnetwork members working as employees compete with them, consistent with refugees comple-\nmenting the former and substituting for the latter.},\n\tauthor = {Dagnelie, Olivier and Mayda, Anna Maria and Maystadt, Jean-Francois},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Obstacles to refugees’ self-reliance in Germany.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ekren, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Obstacles$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{ekren_obstacles_2018,\n\ttitle = {Obstacles to refugees’ self-reliance in {Germany}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/ekren},\n\tabstract = {The majority of Germany’s refugees and asylum seekers rely on government welfare and face serious obstacles to self-reliance. Integration policies must eliminate these obstacles to promote mutual long-term benefits for refugees and their new communities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Ekren, Elizabeth},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Integrating refugees into the Turkish labour market.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carpio, X. V D.; Seker, S. D.; and Yener, A. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Integrating$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{carpio_integrating_2018,\n\ttitle = {Integrating refugees into the {Turkish} labour market},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/delcarpio-seker-yener},\n\tabstract = {The granting to Syrian refugees in Turkey of the right to access formal work was a first step towards their economic integration but a number of challenges remain. With support from the international community, the Turkish government is taking action to overcome some of these.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Carpio, Ximena V Del and Seker, Sirma Demir and Yener, Ahmet Levent},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees’ right to work and access to labour markets: constraints, challenges and ways forward.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zetter, R.; and Ruaudel, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees’$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zetter_refugees_2018,\n\ttitle = {Refugees’ right to work and access to labour markets: constraints, challenges and ways forward},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/zetter-ruaudel},\n\tabstract = {For refugees, the right to work and access to labour markets are key for becoming self-reliant, building their lives and securing dignity, and allowing them to contribute to their host communities. Host countries need to assess the potential for opening their labour markets to refugees, and enhancing access to decent work.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Zetter, Roger and Ruaudel, Héloïse},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee Economies in Kenya.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Betts, A.; Omata, N.; and Sterck, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{betts_refugee_2018,\n\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\n\ttitle = {Refugee {Economies} in {Kenya}},\n\turl = {https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/refugee-economies-in-kenya},\n\tabstract = {This report from the Refugee Economies Programme compares socio-economic outcomes for refugees and the surrounding host communities. Kenya hosts nearly half a million refugees and limits refugees’ right to work and freedom of movement. This new research is based on 4366 survey responses and covers both Nairobi and the Kakuma refugee camp. The report compares and tries to explain refugee and host outcomes in three areas: livelihoods, living standards, and subjective well-being. In Kakuma camp, refugees are better off than the surrounding host population. For example, even though they have comparable employment levels, working refugees’ self-reported median income is almost three times higher than for the local Turkana. Despite the gap, the Turkana hosts benefit immensely from the refugee presence. In Nairobi, although refugees are better off than they would be in camps, they are worse off than the local host population across almost all metrics. Four sets of factors seem to explain these gaps between refugees and hosts: regulation (how you are governed), networks (who you know), capital (what you have), and identity (who you are).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Betts, Alexander and Omata, Naohiko and Sterck, Olivier},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Structure of Employment and Job Creation in Jordan 2010-2016.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Assaad, R.; and Salemi, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1259, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, November 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{assaad_structure_2018,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The {Structure} of {Employment} and {Job} {Creation} in {Jordan} 2010-2016},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/the-structure-of-employment-and-job-creation-in-jordan-2010-2016/},\n\tabstract = {In this paper, we analyze the structure of employment and job creation in Jordan over the period from 2010 to 2016. This period coincided with a notable downturn in the economy, which substantially reduced the rate of job creation. Nonetheless, Jordan continued to rely on a growing population of migrant workers whose numbers were further boosted by the influx of Syrian refugees, resulting in approximately one out of two new jobs going to a non-Jordanian. For Jordanians, employment rates continued to fall, and employment became more precarious for the poorest, least educated workers, despite an increase in the share of public sector employment. Unskilled Jordanian males shifted out of informal regular wage employment into irregular work as well as non-employment. With regard to labor market dynamics, the share of the public sector in the first-time employment of new entrants had started to increase after an extended decline. The increase has now reversed again, but many recent entrants still managed to obtain public sector jobs five years after entry. The transition from school to work is very protracted, with a large fraction of youth remaining in the not in education, employment or training (NEET) state for an extended period of time.},\n\tnumber = {1259},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Assaad, Ragui and Salemi, Colette},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n School-to-Work Transition in Jordan, 2010-2016.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Amer, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1196, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"School-to-Work$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{amer_school--work_2018,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {School-to-{Work} {Transition} in {Jordan}, 2010-2016},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/school-to-work-transition-in-jordan-2010-2016/},\n\tabstract = {This paper presents an analysis of the school-to-work transition in Jordan from 2010 to 2016 in a context of a demographic shock due to a massive influx of Syrian refugees. It examines the trend of youth unemployment and labor force participation, first labor market status and transitions over 4 years after school. The results show sharp increases in male and female unemployment rates and in unemployment duration. In parallel, youth male labor force participation declined and women with post-secondary education are less active. The school-to-work transition has deteriorated between 2010 and 2016 as young Jordanians are less active after leaving school and when they enter the labor market they take a longer time to work after school. Furthermore, the Jordanian labor market is very segmented as transitions between different types of employment (public, formal and informal private jobs) are scarce. Public employment is also less frequent after unemployment or inactivity.},\n\tnumber = {1196},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Amer, Mona},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Beyond conflict: Long-term labour market integration of internally displaced persons in post-socialist countries.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ivlevs, A.; and Veliziotis, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Vocational Behavior, 105: 131–146. April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Beyond$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{ivlevs_beyond_2018,\n\tseries = {Vocational {Behavior} of {Refugees}: {How} {Do} {Refugees} {Seek} {Employment}, {Overcome} {Work}-related {Challenges}, and {Navigate} {Their} {Careers}?},\n\ttitle = {Beyond conflict: {Long}-term labour market integration of internally displaced persons in post-socialist countries},\n\tvolume = {105},\n\tissn = {0001-8791},\n\tshorttitle = {Beyond conflict},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001879117301525},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jvb.2017.12.003},\n\tabstract = {The break-ups of the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia were accompanied by some of the worst military conflicts in modern history, claiming lives of thousands of people and forcibly displacing millions. We study how people displaced by war and conflict within these countries fare on the labour market in the long term – 10 to 15years after their displacement. Our conceptual framework draws on the theory of cumulative disadvantage and the notion of unemployment ‘scarring’. Data come from the Life in Transition II survey, conducted in post-conflict, post-socialist countries in 2010 (n=10,328). Multiple regression analysis reveals a significant long-term labour market disadvantage of forced displacement: people who fled conflict 10–15years ago are more likely to be long-term unemployed, experience a recent job loss and work informally. We also find that people affected by conflict (both displaced and non-displaced) are more willing to acquire further education and training. These results are not uniform across demographic groups: displaced women consistently experience a greater labour market disadvantage than displaced men, and people affected by conflict in the younger age group (18–34) are particularly keen to acquire extra education and training. Overall, our results highlight a long-lasting vulnerability of the forcibly displaced in developing and transition economies, and advance the emerging literature on the effects of internal displacement on labour market outcomes and human capital accumulation. We also discuss how forced internal displacement extends the theory of cumulative disadvantage.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Vocational Behavior},\n\tauthor = {Ivlevs, Artjoms and Veliziotis, Michail},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Conflict, Cumulative disadvantage, Education, Internally displaced persons, Labour market outcomes, Post-socialist countries},\n\tpages = {131--146},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Syrian refugees: limited participation in Jordan’s labour force.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krafft, C.; and Sharpless, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Economic Research Forum (ERF), May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Syrian$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{krafft_syrian_2018,\n\ttitle = {Syrian refugees: limited participation in {Jordan}’s labour force},\n\tshorttitle = {Syrian refugees},\n\turl = {https://theforum.erf.org.eg/2018/05/07/syrian-refugees-limited-participation-jordans-labour-force/},\n\tabstract = {Syrian refugees in Jordan have been able to work legally with permits since 2016, yet their labour force participation remains very low. This column discusses why relatively few work permits have been used, potentially because of perceived downsides of the current system. The low employment rates and the low take-up of work permits are worrying trends for the wellbeing of refugees.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum (ERF)},\n\tauthor = {Krafft, Caroline and Sharpless, Mariam},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Job Market Outcomes of IDPs: The Case of Georgia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Torosyan, K.; Pignatti, N.; and Obrizan, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 11301, IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany, January 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Job$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{torosyan_job_2018,\n\taddress = {Bonn, Germany},\n\ttype = {{IZA} {Discussion} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Job {Market} {Outcomes} of {IDPs}: {The} {Case} of {Georgia}},\n\turl = {http://ftp.iza.org/dp11301.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Internally displaced people (IDPs) constitute a serious economic, social and cultural\nproblem for many countries, including countries in transition. Despite the importance\nof the problem, there are only a handful of previous studies investigating the issue of\nlabor market outcomes of IDPs. We aim to fill this gap in the literature using 13 years of\nIntegrated Household Surveys over 2004-2016 from Georgia, which experienced large\nflows of internal migrants from the early 1990s until now. Our analyses indicate that the\nlabor market outcomes of IDPs are much worse than those of local residents. Specifically,\nIDPs are 3.9 to 11.2 percentage points less likely to be in the labor force, depending on\nthe period and duration of IDP status. IDPs are also up to 11.6 percentage points more\nlikely to be unemployed, sometimes even after 20 years of forced displacement. Finally,\nIDPs residing in a locality for more than 5 years receive persistently lower wages than local\nresidents with similar characteristics, with the gap widening over time, reaching some 16\npercentage points in the last period under analysis},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11301},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},\n\tauthor = {Torosyan, Karine and Pignatti, Norberto and Obrizan, Maksym},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Health Service Access and Utilization among Syrian Refugees and Affected Host Communities in Lebanon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lyles, E.; Hanquart, B.; Chlela, L.; Woodman, M.; Fouad, F. M.; Sibai, A.; and Doocy, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Refugee Studies, 31(1): 104–130. March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Health$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{lyles_health_2018,\n\ttitle = {Health {Service} {Access} and {Utilization} among {Syrian} {Refugees} and {Affected} {Host} {Communities} in {Lebanon}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {0951-6328},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article/31/1/104/3852281},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jrs/fex014},\n\tabstract = {Abstract.  The influx of Syrian refugees into Lebanon poses an immense burden on the health system. A survey of Syrian refugees and Lebanese host communities wa},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Refugee Studies},\n\tauthor = {Lyles, Emily and Hanquart, Baptiste and Chlela, Lara and Woodman, Michael and Fouad, Fouad M. and Sibai, Abla and Doocy, Shannon},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {104--130},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Establishing legal identity for displaced Syrians.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Clutterbuck, M.; Cunial, L.; Barsanti, P.; and Gewis, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Establishing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{clutterbuck_establishing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Establishing legal identity for displaced {Syrians}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/clutterbuck-cunial-barsanti-gewis},\n\tabstract = {Seven years of conflict have had a serious detrimental effect on many Syrians’ ability to prove their legal identity.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Clutterbuck, Martin and Cunial, Laura and Barsanti, Paola and Gewis, Tina},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Services for Syrian Refugee Children and Youth in Jordan: Forced Displacement, Foreign Aid and Vulnerability.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Salemi, C.; Bowman, J. A.; and Compton, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1188, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Services$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{salemi_services_2018,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Services for {Syrian} {Refugee} {Children} and {Youth} in {Jordan}: {Forced} {Displacement}, {Foreign} {Aid} and {Vulnerability}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/services-for-syrian-refugee-children-and-youth-in-jordan-forced-displacement-foreign-aid-and-vulnerability/},\n\tabstract = {This report provides an overview of the current services available for Syrian refugee youth and children in Jordan, with a focus on the following sectors: education, cash assistance, nutrition, health, livelihoods, water and sanitation, shelter, and protection. Using a multi-method strategy, we describe the governance structure of the current Syrian refugee assistance program in Jordan and describe the policies central to our sectors of interest. Based on key informant interviews, we identify persistent barriers to services for Syrian young people. The report concludes with a discussion of overall governance constraints.},\n\tnumber = {1188},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Salemi, Colette and Bowman, Jay A. and Compton, Jennifer},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VASyR) 2018.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n UNHCR; UNICEF; and WFP\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Beirut, Lebanon, December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Vulnerability$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{unhcr_vulnerability_2018,\n\taddress = {Beirut, Lebanon},\n\ttitle = {Vulnerability {Assessment} of {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Lebanon} ({VASyR}) 2018},\n\turl = {https://www.unhcr.org/lb/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2018/12/VASyR-2018.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Now in its sixth year, the Vulnerability Assessment\nof Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VASyR) assesses a\nrepresentative sample of Syrian refugee families to\nidentify changes and trends in their situation. The\nGovernment of Lebanon (GoL) estimates that the\ncountry hosts 1.5 million Syrian refugees who have\nfled their country’s conflict since 2011 (including\nnearly one million registered with UNHCR as of end\nof September 2018). The Syrian refugee population\nin Lebanon remains the largest concentration of\nrefugees per capita and the fourth largest refugee\npopulation in the world.\nSince the beginning of the crisis, both the people\nand the Government of Lebanon have responded\nwith generosity and tolerance. A robust response\nhas been mounted in partnership with the\ninternational community, helping to avert the dire\nconsequences and support positive outcomes for\nSyrian refugees.\nAs noted in previous years, the conflict in Syria has\nexacerbated pre-existing development constraints\nin Lebanon. Since 2015, annual funding was\nin excess of US\\$ 1 billion per year, while needs\napproached and then exceeded US\\$2 billion. In\n2018, funding requirements for adequate support\nto Syrian refugees in Lebanon was estimated at\nUS\\$ 2.291 billion. As of 30 September 2018, those\nneeds were only one third funded. Insufficient\nfunding threatens assistance and protection,\nsafe shelter and effective education, as well as\nconstraining the ability to adequately support\nthe most vulnerable refugees, including women,\nchildren and individuals with disabilities.\nThe contents of this report, jointly issued by the\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n(UNHCR), the United Nations Children’s Fund\n(UNICEF) and the World Food Programme (WFP),\ndemonstrate that despite the large scale assistance\nand while the efforts of Lebanon and its partners\nhave resulted in improvements in economic\nvulnerability and stabilization in education, food\nsecurity and some improvements in the situation\nfor women, girls and female-headed households,\nSyrian refugees still remain very vulnerable. The\neconomic context remains precarious and the\nprotection needs persist.\nDespite improvements in economic vulnerability,\nover half of Syrian refugee households had\nexpenditures below the Survival Minimum\nExpenditure Basket of US\\$ 2.90 per person per day,\nunable to meet survival needs of food, health and\nshelter, and 69\\% of households remained below the\npoverty line. Notwithstanding achievements in food\nsecurity, one in three Syrian refugee households\nremain moderately to severely food insecure.\nContinued fine-tuning of programming based on\ntargeting, improved livelihood opportunities and a\nsignificant injection of funding will all be essential\nto build on successes and address shortcomings.},\n\tauthor = {{UNHCR} and {UNICEF} and {WFP}},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n Now in its sixth year, the Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VASyR) assesses a representative sample of Syrian refugee families to identify changes and trends in their situation. The Government of Lebanon (GoL) estimates that the country hosts 1.5 million Syrian refugees who have fled their country’s conflict since 2011 (including nearly one million registered with UNHCR as of end of September 2018). The Syrian refugee population in Lebanon remains the largest concentration of refugees per capita and the fourth largest refugee population in the world. Since the beginning of the crisis, both the people and the Government of Lebanon have responded with generosity and tolerance. A robust response has been mounted in partnership with the international community, helping to avert the dire consequences and support positive outcomes for Syrian refugees. As noted in previous years, the conflict in Syria has exacerbated pre-existing development constraints in Lebanon. Since 2015, annual funding was in excess of US$ 1 billion per year, while needs approached and then exceeded US$2 billion. In 2018, funding requirements for adequate support to Syrian refugees in Lebanon was estimated at US$ 2.291 billion. As of 30 September 2018, those needs were only one third funded. Insufficient funding threatens assistance and protection, safe shelter and effective education, as well as constraining the ability to adequately support the most vulnerable refugees, including women, children and individuals with disabilities. The contents of this report, jointly issued by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Food Programme (WFP), demonstrate that despite the large scale assistance and while the efforts of Lebanon and its partners have resulted in improvements in economic vulnerability and stabilization in education, food security and some improvements in the situation for women, girls and female-headed households, Syrian refugees still remain very vulnerable. The economic context remains precarious and the protection needs persist. Despite improvements in economic vulnerability, over half of Syrian refugee households had expenditures below the Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket of US$ 2.90 per person per day, unable to meet survival needs of food, health and shelter, and 69% of households remained below the poverty line. Notwithstanding achievements in food security, one in three Syrian refugee households remain moderately to severely food insecure. Continued fine-tuning of programming based on targeting, improved livelihood opportunities and a significant injection of funding will all be essential to build on successes and address shortcomings.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Profiling Study on Internal Mobility Due to Violence in El Salvador.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n El Salvador Ministry of Justice; and (MJSP), S. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Geneva, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Profiling$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{el_salvador_ministry_of_justice_and_security_public_mjsp_profiling_2018,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttitle = {Profiling {Study} on {Internal} {Mobility} {Due} to {Violence} in {El} {Salvador}},\n\turl = {https://www.jips.org/jips-publication/profiling-report-el-salvador-2018/},\n\tabstract = {In September 2014, the Government of El\nSalvador created the National Citizen Security\nand Coexistence Council (CNSCC), whose main\nobjective is to promote and facilitate dialogue\nand consensus around public policies of justice,\ncitizen security and social cohesion. The Council\ndiscussed and approved the Safe El Salvador\nPlan (PESS) in 2015. It consists of fve dimensions\nand over a hundred urgent, short, medium and\nlong-term priority actions to combat violence and\ncrime, and to guarantee access to justice, care,\nand protection for victims of various types of\ncrime.\nGiven the State’s interest in determining the\ncharacteristics and impact of internal mobility\ndue to criminal violence in El Salvador, and within\nthe framework for implementation of Dimension\n4 of the PESS (for the care and protection of\nvictims), the Ministry of Justice and Security\nPublic (MJSP), in coordination with the Secretariat\nof Governance and Communications (SEGOB)\ncarried out a study on the dimension, trends,\nand profles of individuals and families forced to\nmove internally because of criminal violence in\nthe country in recent years. The United Nations\nHigh Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was\nrequested to support this effort.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tauthor = {{El Salvador Ministry of Justice and Security Public (MJSP)}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Profiling of Internally Displaced Persons in Kosovo.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Joint IDP Profiling Service (JIPS)\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Geneva, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Profiling$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{joint_idp_profiling_service_jips_profiling_2018,\n\taddress = {Geneva},\n\ttitle = {Profiling of {Internally} {Displaced} {Persons} in {Kosovo}},\n\turl = {https://www.jips.org/jips-publication/profiling-report-kosovo/},\n\tabstract = {Many individuals, who had fled their place of habitual residence in Kosovo as a result of the events taking place in 1998-1999 and in 2004, continued to live in protracted displacement. While finding solutions had been a concern to both authorities and international actors, for a number of years, emphasis had primarily been placed on returns (both to and within Kosovo), with less focus on other potential solutions or alternative preferences of concerned populations.\n\nRelevant stakeholders, including from government institutions in Kosovo and Serbia and the international community, in 2013 agreed on the need to develop a shared evidence base to inform a more comprehensive approach to the displacement situation in Kosovo.\n\nOn these grounds, a profiling process was initiated with the aim of assessing the extent to which durable solutions had been achieved and to provide an account of the intentions of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in pursuing their preferred durable solution. Owing to the high level of coordination needed among a number of stakeholders, the exercise was finally completed in 2016 and the final profiling report with recommendations was released in 2017. It is also available in Serbian and Albanian.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tauthor = {{Joint IDP Profiling Service (JIPS)}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Housing and Living Conditions in Jordan 2010-2016.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Elsayed, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1195, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Housing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{elsayed_housing_2018,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Housing and {Living} {Conditions} in {Jordan} 2010-2016},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/housing-and-living-conditions-in-jordan-2010-2016/},\n\tabstract = {This paper uses a new and original dataset, the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS) of 2010 and 2016 to study living and housing conditions in Jordan. In 2016 the JLMPS oversampled regions with high concentration of refugees which enables us to investigate the living and housing conditions of refugees who live out-of- and in-refugee camps. The paper documents changes in housing characteristics for Jordanian households over the time period 2010-2016. It then compares the living and housing conditions in 2016 for out-of- and in-camp refugees to that of locals. The paper shows an improvement in the living and housing conditions for local households (both established and newly-formed) with the share of home ownership and the share of households living in private houses, relative to flats, increased between 2010 and 2016. The paper further shows that while the majority of refugees live out-of-refugee camps, those who live in-camps are doing much worse in terms of living conditions manifested mainly in smaller living areas, worse access to public facilities, and less ownership of durable assets.},\n\tnumber = {1195},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Elsayed, Ahmed},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Syrian Refugees In Jordan: Demographics, Livelihoods, Education, and Health.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krafft, C.; Sieverding, M.; Salemi, C.; and Keo, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1184, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Syrian$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{krafft_syrian_2018-1,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Syrian {Refugees} {In} {Jordan}: {Demographics}, {Livelihoods}, {Education}, and {Health}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/syrian-refugees-in-jordan-demographics-livelihoods-education-and-health/},\n\tabstract = {Since 2011, Jordan has been hosting a substantial number of refugees from Syria. This paper profiles the Syrian refugee population in Jordan in terms of demographic characteristics, participation in the labor market, education, and health outcomes. Syrian refugees are disproportionately young, with half the refugee population under age 15. Despite the availability of work permits, less than a fifth of refugees are working, and those who do work are primarily in informal employment and working without permits. Enrollment rates are well below universal, with many refugee children not returning to school after an interruption, which was often caused by the conflict. Low enrollment rates also suggest that refugees face challenges in persisting in school in Jordan through basic education. Refugees have limited access to health insurance and although most do access health services, they are more likely than Jordanians to rely on charitable organizations and pharmacies as their usual source of care. Despite food supports, refugees, particularly those residing in camps, also suffer from higher levels of food insecurity.},\n\tnumber = {1184},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Krafft, Caroline and Sieverding, Maia and Salemi, Colette and Keo, Caitlyn},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The shortcomings of employment as a durable solution.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bardelli, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bardelli_shortcomings_2018,\n\ttitle = {The shortcomings of employment as a durable solution},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/bardelli},\n\tabstract = {The refugee assistance regime that prevails today seems to insist that the best, or only, solution to protracted refugee situations is firmly rooted in improving access to employment. This approach, however, inevitably favours some and excludes others, while also ignoring the deeper political and social issues at stake.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Bardelli, Nora},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Politics of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: A Question of Inclusion and Exclusion through Citizenship.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Akcapar, S. K.; and Simsek, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Inclusion, 6(1): 176–187. March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{akcapar_politics_2018,\n\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Turkey}: {A} {Question} of {Inclusion} and {Exclusion} through {Citizenship}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2018 Sebnem Koser Akcapar, Dogus Simsek},\n\tissn = {2183-2803},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Turkey}},\n\turl = {https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/1323},\n\tdoi = {10.17645/si.v6i1.1323},\n\tabstract = {Turkey began to receive refugees from Syria in 2011 and has since become the country hosting the highest number of refugees, with more than 3.5 million Syrians and half a million people of other nationalities, mainly from Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran. An important turning point regarding the legal status of Syrian refugees has come with recent amendments to the Turkish citizenship law. Based on ongoing academic debates on integration and citizenship, this article will explore these two concepts in the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. We will argue that the shift in the Turkish citizenship law is a direct outcome of recent migration flows. We further argue that the citizenship option is used both as a reward for skilled migrants with economic and cultural capital and as a tool to integrate the rest of the Syrians. It also reflects other social, political and demographic concerns of the Turkish government. Using our recent ethnographic study with Syrians and local populations in two main refugee hosting cities in Turkey, Istanbul and Gaziantep, we will locate the successes and weaknesses of this strategy by exemplifying the views of Syrian refugees on gaining Turkish citizenship and the reactions of Turkish nationals.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Social Inclusion},\n\tauthor = {Akcapar, Sebnem Koser and Simsek, Dogus},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Syrians, Turkey, citizenship, exclusion, inclusion, integration, refugees},\n\tpages = {176--187},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mass Refugee Inflow and Long-Run Prosperity: Lessons from the Greek Population Resettlement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Murard, E.; and Sakalli, S. O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 11613, IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany, June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Mass$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{murard_mass_2018,\n\taddress = {Bonn, Germany},\n\ttype = {{IZA} {Discussion} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Mass {Refugee} {Inflow} and {Long}-{Run} {Prosperity}: {Lessons} from the {Greek} {Population} {Resettlement}},\n\turl = {https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/11613/mass-refugee-inflow-and-long-run-prosperity-lessons-from-the-greek-population-resettlement},\n\tabstract = {This paper investigates the long-term consequences of mass refugee inflow on economic\ndevelopment by examining the effect of the first large-scale population resettlement in\nmodern history. After the Greco-Turkish war of 1919–1922, 1.2 million Greek Orthodox\nwere forcibly resettled from Turkey to Greece, increasing the Greek population by more\nthan 20\\% within a few months. We build a novel geocoded dataset locating settlements of\nrefugees across the universe of more than four thousand Greek municipalities that existed\nin Greece in 1920. Exploiting the spatial variation in the resettlement location, we find\nthat localities with a greater share of refugees in 1923 have today higher earnings, higher\nlevels of household wealth, greater educational attainment, as well as larger financial\nand manufacturing sectors. These results hold when comparing spatially contiguous\nmunicipalities with identical geographical features and are not driven by pre-settlement\ndifferences in initial level of development across localities. The long-run beneficial effects\nappear to arise from agglomeration economies generated by the large increase in the\nworkforce, occupational specialization, as well as by new industrial know-hows brought by\nrefugees, which fostered early industrialization and economic growth.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11613},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},\n\tauthor = {Murard, Elie and Sakalli, Seyhun Orcan},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Greece, Population resettlement, Refugee, Refugee inflow, Refugee prosperity},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Economics of the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Neighboring Countries. The Case of Lebanon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n David, A.; Marouani, M. A.; Nahas, C.; and Nilsson, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1249, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, November 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{david_economics_2018,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The {Economics} of the {Syrian} {Refugee} {Crisis} in {Neighboring} {Countries}. {The} {Case} of {Lebanon}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/the-economics-of-the-syrian-refugee-crisis-in-neighboring-countries-the-case-of-lebanon/},\n\tabstract = {In this article, we investigate the effects of a massive displacement of workers from a war-torn economy on the economy of a neighboring country. Applying a general equilibrium approach to the Lebanese economy, we explore effects from various components of the crisis on the labor market, the production apparatus, and macroeconomic indicators. Along with previous literature, our findings suggest limited or no adverse effects on high-skilled native workers, but a negative impact on the most vulnerable Lebanese workers is found. When aid takes the form of investment subsidies, significantly better growth and labor market prospects arise, recalling the necessity of complementing humanitarian aid with development aid to succeed in achieving long-term objectives. This may however not be politically viable in a context where refugees are considered as temporary.},\n\tnumber = {1249},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {David, Anda and Marouani, Mohamed Ali and Nahas, Charbel and Nilsson, Björn},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Macroeconomic evidence suggests that asylum seekers are not a “burden” for Western European countries.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n d’Albis , H.; Boubtane, E.; and Coulibaly, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science Advances, 4(6): eaaq0883. June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Macroeconomic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{dalbis_macroeconomic_2018,\n\ttitle = {Macroeconomic evidence suggests that asylum seekers are not a “burden” for {Western} {European} countries},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\turl = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/6/eaaq0883.abstract},\n\tdoi = {10.1126/sciadv.aaq0883},\n\tabstract = {This paper aims to evaluate the economic and fiscal effects of inflows of asylum seekers into Western Europe from 1985 to 2015. It relies on an empirical methodology that is widely used to estimate the macroeconomic effects of structural shocks and policies. It shows that inflows of asylum seekers do not deteriorate host countries’ economic performance or fiscal balance because the increase in public spending induced by asylum seekers is more than compensated for by an increase in tax revenues net of transfers. As asylum seekers become permanent residents, their macroeconomic impacts become positive.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Science Advances},\n\tauthor = {d’Albis, Hippolyte and Boubtane, Ekrame and Coulibaly, Dramane},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Asylum seeker, macroeconomic impact of refugees, western europe},\n\tpages = {eaaq0883},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees, ethnic power relations, and civil conflict in the country of asylum:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rüegger, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peace Research. December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{ruegger_refugees_2018,\n\ttitle = {Refugees, ethnic power relations, and civil conflict in the country of asylum:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2018},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees, ethnic power relations, and civil conflict in the country of asylum},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318812935},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318812935},\n\tabstract = {Many countries that face forced migrant inflows refuse to admit these uprooted people premised on negative externalities such as increased insecurity associated...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Rüegger, Seraina},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Syrian Refugees and the Migration Dynamics Of Jordanians: Moving In Or Moving Out?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n El-Mallakha, N.; and Wahba, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1191, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Syrian$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{el-mallakha_syrian_2018,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Syrian {Refugees} and the {Migration} {Dynamics} {Of} {Jordanians}: {Moving} {In} {Or} {Moving} {Out}?},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/migration-dynamics-during-the-refugee-influx-in-jordan/},\n\tabstract = {This paper examines the impact of the Syrian refugee inflows on the migration dynamics of Jordanians. Using unique data from Jordan, we exploit the geographical distribution of Syrian refugees across Jordanian subdistricts and examine its impact on international, return and internal migration patterns of Jordanians. We rely on retrospective information to construct individual and household panel data before and after the beginning of the 2011 Syrian war. Using a Difference-in-Differences specification that takes into account unobserved heterogeneity, we find that the Syrian refugee inflows in Jordan do not have any effect on the international and return migration patterns of Jordanians. However, the Syrian presence increases the probability of Jordanian internal migration. Particularly, being a resident in camp governorates increases the probability of moving out while it decreases the probability of moving in. Our results are the first to show the impact of the massive refugee inflows on the host country’s migration dynamics.},\n\tnumber = {1191},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {El-Mallakha, Nelly and Wahba, Jackline},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Migration Dynamics during the Refugee Influx in Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wahba, J.; and Malaeb, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1190, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Migration$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{wahba_migration_2018,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Migration {Dynamics} during the {Refugee} {Influx} in {Jordan}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/migration-dynamics-during-the-refugee-influx-in-jordan/},\n\tabstract = {This paper provides overall evidence of the migration dynamics in Jordan between 2010 and 2016, during which the country experienced a large influx of Syrian refugees. This paper gives a detailed description of immigration in Jordan during that period in particular the composition, characteristics and labour market activities of immigrants in Jordan. It also examines the emigration and return migration patterns of Jordanians as well as the changes in their migration dynamics before and after the inflow of Syrian refugees. We find evidence of a fall in temporary international migration of Jordanians during this period. We also find that almost half of current emigrants have left Jordan with their entire family. Furthermore, we also find a decrease in return migration across the two years. When analysing data on immigrants, we find a change in immigrants’ geographical distribution in 2016 compared to 2010, with lower shares of immigrants in areas of high refugee population. Despite similar distribution across occupations of immigrants and refugees in 2016, we find lower immigrants’ share in sectors like manufacturing, in which refugees are concentrated. Immigrants themselves have increased their engagement in informal work and differed in occupations and economic activities from 2010 to 2016 suggesting that immigrants might have been affected by the refugee influx.},\n\tnumber = {1190},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Wahba, Jackline and Malaeb, Bilal},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Jordan, Migration, Migration dynamics, Refugee},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Jobs, Crime, and Votes – A Short-run Evaluation of the Refugee Crisis in Germany.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gehrsitz, M.; and Ungerer, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 16-086, Centre for European Economic Research, June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Jobs,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{gehrsitz_jobs_2018,\n\ttitle = {Jobs, {Crime}, and {Votes} – {A} {Short}-run {Evaluation} of the {Refugee} {Crisis} in {Germany}},\n\turl = {http://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp16086.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Millions of refugees made their way to Europe between 2014 and 2015, with over one\nmillion arriving in Germany alone. Yet, little is known about the impact of this inflow on labor markets, crime, and voting behavior. This article uses administrative\ndata on refugee allocation and provides an evaluation of the short-run consequences\nof the refugee inflow. Our identification strategy exploits that a scramble for accommodation determined the assignment of refugees to German counties resulting\nin exogeneous variations in the number of refugees per county within and across\nstates. Our estimates suggest that migrants have not displaced native workers but\nhave themselves struggled to find gainful employment. We find moderate increases\nin crime and our analysis further indicates that while at the macro level increased\nmigration was accompanied by increased support for anti-immigrant parties, exposure to refugees at the micro-level had the opposite effect.},\n\tnumber = {16-086},\n\tinstitution = {Centre for European Economic Research},\n\tauthor = {Gehrsitz, Markus and Ungerer, Martin},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugee Admissions and Public Safety: Are Refugee Settlement Areas More Prone to Crime?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Amuedo-Dorantes, C.; Bansak, C.; and Pozo, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 11612, IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany, June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugee$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{amuedo-dorantes_refugee_2018,\n\taddress = {Bonn, Germany},\n\ttype = {{IZA} {Discussion} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Refugee {Admissions} and {Public} {Safety}: {Are} {Refugee} {Settlement} {Areas} {More} {Prone} to {Crime}?},\n\turl = {https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/11612/refugee-admissions-and-public-safety-are-refugee-settlement-areas-more-prone-to-crime},\n\tabstract = {According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the number of refugees worldwide rose to 21.3 million in 2015. Yet, resistance to the welcoming of refugees appears to have grown. The possibility that refugees may commit acts of terrorism or engage in criminal behavior has served as fuel for the Trump Administration’s position in 2017. Is there any basis for these fears? We exploit the variation in the geographic and temporal distribution of refugees across U.S. counties to ascertain if there is a link between refugee settlements and local crime rates or terrorist events in the United States. We fail to find any statistically significant evidence of such a connection.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11612},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},\n\tauthor = {Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina and Bansak, Cynthia and Pozo, Susan},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Internal forced displacement and crime: Evidence from Colombia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mejia Mejia, J. F.; Velasquez Ceballos, H.; and Sanchez Saldarriaga, A. F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 18-07, Center for Research in Economics and Finance (CIEF), 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Internal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{mejia_mejia_internal_2018,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Internal forced displacement and crime: {Evidence} from {Colombia}},\n\tcopyright = {info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess},\n\tshorttitle = {Internal forced displacement and crime},\n\turl = {http://repository.eafit.edu.co/handle/10784/12579},\n\tabstract = {Internal forced displacement, a phenomenon associated to internal conflict, poses important socio-economic challenges for the receiving areas. One of the most relevant aspects is related to crime, since the reception of forced displaced persons might increase inequality and the heterogeneity of population. This paper studies the relationship between internal forced displacement and crime. We use a panel of Colombian municipalities for the period 2003-2016.  We include spatial patterns for the study of crime, allowing to capture the dynamics of this relationship across time and space.  Our results provide evidence of a spatial correlation between crime and internal forced displacement.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {18-07},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {Center for Research in Economics and Finance (CIEF)},\n\tauthor = {Mejia Mejia, Juan Felipe and Velasquez Ceballos, Hermilson and Sanchez Saldarriaga, Andres Felipe},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Followed by Violence: Forced Immigration and Homicides.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Depetris-Chauvin, E.; and Santos, R. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 513, Instituto de Economía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Followed$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{depetris-chauvin_followed_2018,\n\ttitle = {Followed by {Violence}: {Forced} {Immigration} and {Homicides}},\n\tshorttitle = {Followed by {Violence}},\n\turl = {https://economia.uc.cl/publicacion/followed-by-violence-forced-immigration-and-homicides/},\n\tabstract = {We study the causal impact of large inflows of internal displaced people (IDP) on homicides in Colombian host municipalities during the period 1999-2014. Following two distinct instrumental variable approaches while leveraging on high quality and high frequency administrative panel data on IDP flows and homicides across Colombian municipalities, we identify an economically sizable impact: a standard deviation increase in inflows, increases the homicides rate by 0.6 standard deviations. This effects is larger in cities and among men. While IDP inflows are associated with increasing homicide rates for all the age groups, we document that the standardized effects are larger for young individuals (i.e., age groups 15-19 and\n20-24 years old).},\n\tlanguage = {es-CL},\n\tnumber = {513},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {Instituto de Economía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile},\n\tauthor = {Depetris-Chauvin, Emilio and Santos, Rafael J.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Not Welcome Anymore: The Effect of Electoral Incentives on the Reception of Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gamalerio, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 7212, CESifo, Munich, Germany, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Not$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{gamalerio_not_2018,\n\taddress = {Munich, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Not {Welcome} {Anymore}: {The} {Effect} of {Electoral} {Incentives} on the {Reception} of {Refugees}},\n\turl = {https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp7212.pdf},\n\tnumber = {7212},\n\tinstitution = {CESifo},\n\tauthor = {Gamalerio, Matteo},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dismantling the \"Jungle\": Migrant Relocation and Extreme Voting in France.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vertier, P.; and Viskanic, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report No. 6927, CESifo, Munich, Germany, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Dismantling$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{vertier_dismantling_2018,\n\taddress = {Munich, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Dismantling the "{Jungle}": {Migrant} {Relocation} and {Extreme} {Voting} in {France}},\n\tshorttitle = {Dismantling the "{Jungle}"},\n\turl = {http://www.cesifo.org/en/publikationen/2018/working-paper/dismantling-jungle-migrant-relocation-and-extreme-voting-france},\n\tabstract = {Can a small scale inflow of migrants affect electoral outcomes? We study whether the relocation of migrants from the Calais \\&ldquo;Jungle\\&rdquo; to temporary migrant-centers (CAOs) in France affected the results of the 2017 presidential election. Using an instrumental variables approach that relies on the size of holiday villages present in municipalities, we find that the presence of a CAO reduced the vote share increase of the far-right party (Front National) by about 15.7 percent.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {No. 6927},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {CESifo},\n\tauthor = {Vertier, Paul and Viskanic, Max},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {France, Migrant, Migrant Centers, Voting},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Contact Matters: Exposure to Refugees and Voting for the Far-Right.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Steinmayr, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Contact$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{steinmayr_contact_2018,\n\ttitle = {Contact {Matters}: {Exposure} to {Refugees} and {Voting} for the {Far}-{Right}},\n\turl = {https://sites.google.com/site/andreassteinmayr/research},\n\tauthor = {Steinmayr, Andreas},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Austria, Far Right, Germany, Refugees, Voting},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Brothers or Invaders? How Crises-driven Migrants Shape Voting Behavior.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rozo, S.; and Vargas, J. F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Brothers$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@inproceedings{rozo_brothers_2018,\n\ttitle = {Brothers or {Invaders}? {How} {Crises}-driven {Migrants} {Shape} {Voting} {Behavior}},\n\turl = {https://www.sandravrozo.com/refugee-workshop.html},\n\tabstract = {Several studies have documented negative political attitudes of local voters towards immigration. By exploiting how episodes of crises-driven internal and international migration affect\nelectoral outcomes in Colombia, we explore whether these attitudes are explained by selfinterest or sociotropic motives. Self-interested voters predominantly care about the impacts of\nmigration inflows on their personal economic status. In contrast, sociotropic voters view migrants as a threat to local cultural or social norms. We take advantage of the fact that both internal migrants (displaced by the armed conflict) and international migrants (ousted by economic\nand political downturns in neighboring Venezuela) disproportionately locate in municipalities\nwith early settlements of individuals from their town of origin and find that, while internal\nmigrant inflows do not affect voting behavior, international migration reduces the support for\nthe incumbent party and increases that of right-wing candidates. These results are consistent\nwith political attitudes being driven by sociotropic motives, and cannot be accounted for by\nother socio-economic impacts caused by migration flows on receiving municipalities},\n\tauthor = {Rozo, Sandra and Vargas, Juan F.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Crises, Migrants, Sociotropic, Voting, Voting Behavior},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Migration Shocks and Housing: Evidence from the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Al Hawarin, I.; Assaad, R.; and Elsayed, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1213, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Migration$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{al_hawarin_migration_2018,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Migration {Shocks} and {Housing}: {Evidence} from the {Syrian} {Refugee} {Crisis} in {Jordan}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/migration-shocks-and-housing-evidence-from-the-syrian-refugee-crisis-in-jordan/},\n\tabstract = {This paper investigates the impact of migration shocks on housing conditions and rental prices for locals. The identification comes from the regional variation in the large influx of Syrian refugees to Jordan in the wake of the Syrian conflict starting in 2011. We employ a difference in difference approach to evaluate the change in housing conditions and rental prices in areas with relatively higher flows of Syrian refugees compared to areas with relatively lower flows of Syrian refugees. The paper shows that the share of Syrian refugees seems to have a negative, yet small, impact on housing conditions of locals. Heterogeneity analyses shows that while poorer household are affected more negatively, richer household experience an improvement in their housing outcomes in response to the share of refugees. The paper further shows that housing rents significantly increased in the regions closer to Syrian borders. However, housing quality was more responsive to the crisis in regions that are relatively more distant.},\n\tnumber = {1213},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Al Hawarin, Ibrahim and Assaad, Ragui and Elsayed, Ahmed},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Jordan, Migration, Refugee crisis, Syrian refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Immigration, Housing Rents, and Residential Segregation: Evidence from Syrian Refugees in Turkey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balkan, B.; Tok, E. O.; Torun, H.; and Tumen, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 11611, IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany, June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Immigration,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{balkan_immigration_2018,\n\taddress = {Bonn, Germany},\n\ttype = {{IZA} {Discussion} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Immigration, {Housing} {Rents}, and {Residential} {Segregation}: {Evidence} from {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Turkey}},\n\tshorttitle = {Immigration, {Housing} {Rents}, and {Residential} {Segregation}},\n\turl = {https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/11611/immigration-housing-rents-and-residential-segregation-evidence-from-syrian-refugees-in-turkey},\n\tabstract = {The massive inflow of Syrian refugees is argued to drastically affect various social and economic outcomes in the hosting countries and regions. In th...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11611},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},\n\tauthor = {Balkan, Binnur and Tok, Elif Ozcan and Torun, Huzeyfe and Tumen, Semih},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Integrating Venezuelans into the Colombian labor market.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bahar, D.; Dooley, M.; and Huang, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Brookings Institute, December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Integrating$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{bahar_integrating_2018,\n\ttype = {Policy {Brief}},\n\ttitle = {Integrating {Venezuelans} into the {Colombian} labor market},\n\turl = {https://www.brookings.edu/research/integrating-venezuelans-into-the-colombian-labor-market/},\n\tabstract = {This policy brief describes the population of Venezuelan migrants undergoing the regularization process in Colombia and discusses important points of consideration for decisionmakers in the country.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {Brookings Institute},\n\tauthor = {Bahar, Dany and Dooley, Meagan and Huang, Cindy},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Composition of Labor Supply and its Evolution from 2010 to 2016 in Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Assaad, R.; Krafft, C.; and Keo, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1183, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{assaad_composition_2018,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The {Composition} of {Labor} {Supply} and its {Evolution} from 2010 to 2016 in {Jordan}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/the-composition-of-labor-supply-and-its-evolution-from-2010-to-2016-in-jordan/},\n\tabstract = {This paper investigates the changing character of labor supply in Jordan in light of recent demographic developments as well as the rapid increases in educational attainment among Jordanians. A particular focus of the paper is on the demographic changes generated by the recent refugee influx. Labor force participation, as well as its components of unemployment and employment, are examined. We examine differential patterns of participation by age, gender, education, and place of residence. Data from the Jordan Labor Market Panel Surveys of 2010 and 2016 are supplemented with annual data from the Jordanian Employment and Unemployment Survey (EUS) for the intervening years.},\n\tnumber = {1183},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Assaad, Ragui and Krafft, Caroline and Keo, Caitlyn},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Impact of Mass Migration of Syrians on the Turkish Labor Market.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Aksu, E.; Erzan, R.; and Kirdar, M. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report No. 12050, IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany, December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{aksu_impact_2018,\n\taddress = {Bonn, Germany},\n\ttype = {{IZA} {Discussion} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The {Impact} of {Mass} {Migration} of {Syrians} on the {Turkish} {Labor} {Market}},\n\turl = {https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/12050/the-impact-of-mass-migration-of-syrians-on-the-turkish-labor-market},\n\tabstract = {We estimate the effects of the arrival of 2.5 million Syrian migrants in Turkey by the end of 2015 on the labor market outcomes of natives, using a difference-in-differences IV methodology. We show that relaxing the common-trend assumption of this methodology - unlike recent papers in the same setting - makes a substantial difference in several key outcomes. Despite the massive size of the migrant influx, no adverse effects on the average wages of men or women or on total employment of men are observed. For women, however, total employment falls - which results mainly from the elimination of part-time jobs. While the migrant influx has adverse effects on competing native workers in the informal sector, it has favorable effects on complementary workers in the formal sector. We estimate about one-to-one replacement in employment for native men in the informal sector, whereas both wage employment and wages of men in the formal sector increase. Our findings, including those on the heterogeneity of effects by age and education, are consistent with the implications of the canonical migration model. In addition, increases in prices in the product market and in capital flow to the treatment regions contribute to the rise in labor demand in the formal sector.},\n\tnumber = {No. 12050},\n\tinstitution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},\n\tauthor = {Aksu, Ege and Erzan, Refik and Kirdar, Murat G.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Is It Merely A Labor Supply Shock? Impacts of Syrian Migrants on Local Economies in Turkey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cengiz, D.; and Tekguc, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 454, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Amherst, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Is$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{cengiz_is_2018,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Is {It} {Merely} {A} {Labor} {Supply} {Shock}? {Impacts} of {Syrian} {Migrants} on {Local} {Economies} in {Turkey}},\n\turl = {https://www.peri.umass.edu/publication/item/1050-is-it-merely-a-labor-supply-shock-impacts-of-syrian-migrants-on-local-economies-in-turkey},\n\tabstract = {We use a large and geographically varying inflow of over 2.5 million Syrian migrants in Turkey between 2012 and 2015 to study the effect of migration on local economies. We do not find adverse employment or wage effects for native-born Turkish workers overall, or those without a high school degree. These results are robust to a range of strategies to construct reliable control groups. Our analysis suggests that migration-induced increases in regional demand, capital supply, and productivity enable local labor markets to absorb inflow of migrant labor.},\n\tnumber = {454},\n\tinstitution = {Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Amherst},\n\tauthor = {Cengiz, Doruk and Tekguc, Hasan},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of Refugees on Immigrants’ Labor Market Outcomes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Malaeb, B.; and Wahba, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1194, Economic Research Forum, Giza, Egypt, April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Impact$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{malaeb_impact_2018,\n\taddress = {Giza, Egypt},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Impact of {Refugees} on {Immigrants}’ {Labor} {Market} {Outcomes}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/impact-of-refugees-on-immigrants-labor-market-outcomes/},\n\tabstract = {The Syrian refugee influx in Jordan came on top of an additional 1.6 million foreigners residing in Jordan. The non-national population of refugees and immigrants had increased Jordan’s population of 6.6 million by about 45\\%. This raises an important question on whether the inflow of refugees has displaced immigrants in the Jordanian labor market. In this paper, we use novel data from Jordan from before and after the Syrian refugee influx to test whether economic immigrants were affected by Syrian refugees. We address several threats to identifications: the selectivity of immigrants and the geographic sorting of immigrants and refugees within Jordan using instrumental variable approach. We find that, as a result of the Syrian refugee influx, immigrants were more likely to work in the informal sector, and they worked fewer hours and had lower total wages as a result. The results suggest that the main competition that occurred in the Jordanian labor market was not between refugees and natives, but rather between refugees and economic migrants.},\n\tnumber = {1194},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Malaeb, Bilal and Wahba, Jackline},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Economic and Fiscal Effects of Granting Refugees Formal Labor Market Access.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Clemens, M.; Huang, C.; and Graham, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 496, Center For Global Development, October 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{clemens_economic_2018,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The {Economic} and {Fiscal} {Effects} of {Granting} {Refugees} {Formal} {Labor} {Market} {Access}},\n\turl = {https://www.cgdev.org/publication/economic-and-fiscal-effects-granting-refugees-formal-labor-market-access},\n\tabstract = {There are over 25 million refugees in the world today and most of them—especially those in developing countries—do not have formal labor market access (LMA). Granting refugees formal LMA has the potential to create substantial benefits for refugees and their hosts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {496},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {Center For Global Development},\n\tauthor = {Clemens, Michael and Huang, Cindy and Graham, Jimmy},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Job Vacancies, the Beveridge Curve, and Supply Shocks: The Frequency and Content of Help-Wanted Ads in Pre- and Post-Mariel Miami.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Anastasopoulos, J.; Borjas, G. J; Cook, G. G; and Lachanski, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 24580, National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Job$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{anastasopoulos_job_2018,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Job {Vacancies}, the {Beveridge} {Curve}, and {Supply} {Shocks}: {The} {Frequency} and {Content} of {Help}-{Wanted} {Ads} in {Pre}- and {Post}-{Mariel} {Miami}},\n\tshorttitle = {Job {Vacancies}, the {Beveridge} {Curve}, and {Supply} {Shocks}},\n\turl = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w24580},\n\tabstract = {Beginning in 1951, the Conference Board constructed a monthly job vacancy index by counting the number of help-wanted ads published in local newspapers in 51 metropolitan areas. We use the Help-Wanted Index (HWI) to document how immigration changes the number of job vacancies in the affected labor markets. Our analysis revisits the Mariel episode. The data reveal a marked drop in Miami’s HWI relative to many alternative control groups in the first 4 or 5 years after Mariel, followed by recovery afterwards. The Miami evidence is consistent with the observed relation between immigration and the HWI across all metropolitan areas in the 1970-2000 period: these spatial correlations suggest that more immigration reduces the number of job vacancies. We also explore some of the macro implications of the Mariel supply shock and show that Miami’s Beveridge curve shifted inwards by the mid-1980s, suggesting a more efficient labor market, in contrast to the outward nationwide shift coincident with the onset of the 1980- 1982 recession. Finally, we examine the text of the help-wanted ads published in a number of newspapers and document a statistically and economically significant post-Mariel decline in the relative number of low-skill vacancies advertised in the \\textit{Miami Herald}.},\n\tnumber = {24580},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},\n\tauthor = {Anastasopoulos, Jason and Borjas, George J and Cook, Gavin G and Lachanski, Michael},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tdoi = {10.3386/w24580},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Impact of the Syrian Refugee Crisis on Firm Entry and Performance in Turkey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Akgündüz, Y. E.; van den Berg, M.; and Hassink, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., January 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{akgunduz_impact_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The {Impact} of the {Syrian} {Refugee} {Crisis} on {Firm} {Entry} and {Performance} in {Turkey}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29291},\n\tabstract = {This study analyses how the Syrian \n            refugee inflows into turkey affected firm entry and \n            performance. To estimate the casual effects, instrumental \n            variables, difference-indifferences and synthetic control \n            methodologies are used. The results suggest that hosting \n            refugees is favourable for firms. Total firm entry does not \n            seem to be significantly affected. However, there is a \n            substantial increase in the number of new foreign-owned \n            firms. In line with the increase in new foreign-owned firms, \n            there is some indication of growth in gross profits and net sales.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Akgündüz, Yusuf Emre and van den Berg, Marcel and Hassink, Wolter},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tdoi = {10.1596/1813-9450-8323},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Blessing or Burden? The Impact of Refugees on Businesses and the Informal Economy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altındag, O.; Bakıs, O.; and Rozo, S. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In February 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Blessing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@inproceedings{altindag_blessing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Blessing or {Burden}? {The} {Impact} of {Refugees} on {Businesses} and the {Informal} {Economy}},\n\turl = {https://www.sandravrozo.com/uploads/2/9/3/0/29306259/aor_feb2018.pdf},\n\tabstract = {We study the impact of more than 3 million Syrian refugees on local businesses in Turkey,\nusing the annual censuses of firms with more than 20 employees from 2006 to 2015. Our\nidentification strategy exploits the fact that when the Syrian conflict intensified, Syrian refugees\ndisproportionately moved to Turkish provinces with a higher concentration of Arabic-speaking\npopulations. We find that Turkish firms experience a large positive demand shock induced by\nthe refugees’ migration which is mostly concentrated in the informal economy. These effects\nare larger for smaller firms and those that operate in the construction or hotels sectors. We\nalso provide evidence suggesting that informal hiring from the refugee population contributes\nto increased firm production by lowering the cost of labor.},\n\tauthor = {Altındag, Onur and Bakıs, Ozan and Rozo, Sandra V.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Economic, Refugee, Refugee impacts, Refugees impact on business, Refugees impact on the informal Economy, Turkey},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The impact of internal displacement on destination communities: Evidence from the Colombian conflict.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Morales, J. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Development Economics, 131: 132–150. March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{morales_impact_2018,\n\ttitle = {The impact of internal displacement on destination communities: {Evidence} from the {Colombian} conflict},\n\tvolume = {131},\n\tissn = {0304-3878},\n\tshorttitle = {The impact of internal displacement on destination communities},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387817300822},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.10.003},\n\tabstract = {More than ten percent of the population of Colombia has been forced to migrate due to civil war. This study employs an enclave IV strategy, which exploits social distance between origin and destination locations, as well as conflict-induced migration, to estimate the impact that the arrival of displaced individuals has on the wages of local residents. I compare the effects on four different subgroups of the population, partitioned by skill (low-skilled versus high-skilled) and by gender. The analysis suggests that a conflict-induced increase in population leads to a short-run negative impact on wages, but that subsequent out-migration from receiving municipalities helps to mitigate these effects. Though the impact tends to dissipate over time, it persists for low-skilled women, suggesting that this group is particularly vulnerable to the arrival of forced migrants.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Development Economics},\n\tauthor = {Morales, Juan S.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Civil conflict, Labour markets, Migration},\n\tpages = {132--150},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Do refugee camps help or hurt hosts? The case of Kakuma, Kenya.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alix-Garcia, J.; Walker, S.; Bartlett, A.; Onder, H.; and Sanghi, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Development Economics, 130(C): 66–83. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Do$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{alix-garcia_refugee_2018,\n\ttitle = {Do refugee camps help or hurt hosts? {The} case of {Kakuma}, {Kenya}},\n\tvolume = {130},\n\tshorttitle = {Do refugee camps help or hurt hosts?},\n\turl = {https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/deveco/v130y2018icp66-83.html},\n\tabstract = {We combine nighttime lights data, official statistics, and new household survey data from northern Kenya in order to assess the impact of long-term refugee camps on host populations. The nighttime lights estimates show that refugee inflows increase economic activity in areas very close to Kakuma refugee camp: the elasticity of the luminosity index to refugee population is 0.36 within a 10 km distance from the camp center. In addition, household consumption within the same proximity to the camp is 25\\% higher than in areas farther away. Price, household survey, and official statistics suggest that the mechanisms driving this positive effect are increased availability of new employment and price changes in agricultural and livestock markets that are favorable to local producers.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {C},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Development Economics},\n\tauthor = {Alix-Garcia, Jennifer and Walker, Sarah and Bartlett, Anne and Onder, Harun and Sanghi, Apurva},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Forced migration impacts, Household data, Nighttime lights, Price analysis, Refugee impacts},\n\tpages = {66--83},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n How Does Poverty Differ Among Refugees? Taking a Gender Lens to the Data on Syrian Refugees in Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hanmer, L.; Arango, D. J; Rubiano, E.; Santamaria, J.; and Viollaz, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n of Policy Research Working PapersThe World Bank, October 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"How$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@book{hanmer_how_2018,\n\tseries = {Policy {Research} {Working} {Papers}},\n\ttitle = {How {Does} {Poverty} {Differ} {Among} {Refugees}? {Taking} a {Gender} {Lens} to the {Data} on {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Jordan}},\n\tshorttitle = {How {Does} {Poverty} {Differ} {Among} {Refugees}?},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/374541539781178899/how-does-poverty-differ-among-refugees-taking-a-gender-lens-to-the-data-on-syrian-refugees-in-jordan},\n\tabstract = {Data collected for refugee registration and to target humanitarian assistance include information about household\ncomposition and demographics that can be used to identify gender-based vulnerabilities. This paper combines the\nmicrodata collected by United Nations High Commissioner\nfor Refugees to register refugees with data from its Home\nVisit surveys to analyze income poverty rates among refugees with a gender lens. It finds distinguishing between\ndifferent types of male and female principal applicant (PA)\nhouseholds is important in the setting of Syrian refugees in\nJordan. Poverty rates for couples with children do not differ\nby gender of the PA but for other household types poverty\nrates are higher for those with female PAs. Households\nformed because of the unpredictable dynamics of forced\ndisplacement, such as sibling households, unaccompanied\nchildren, and single caregivers, are extremely vulnerable,\nespecially if the principal applicant is a woman or a girl.},\n\tnumber = {8616},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tpublisher = {The World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Hanmer, Lucia and Arango, Diana J and Rubiano, Eliana and Santamaria, Julieth and Viollaz, Mariana},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tdoi = {10.1596/1813-9450-8616},\n\tkeywords = {HOUSEHOLD POVERTY, REFUGEES},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The impact of refugee presence on host populations in Tanzania : a desk review.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ogude, H. R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank and UNHCR, Washington, D.C., April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{ogude_impact_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {The impact of refugee presence on host populations in {Tanzania} : a desk review},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/458641529472508590/the-impact-of-refugee-presence-on-host-populations-in-tanzania-a-desk-review},\n\tabstract = {This desk review focusses on the impact of refugee presence on Tanzanian populations. It was conducted against the backdrop of the new global commitments made to protecting refugees and better supporting the countries and communities that host them. The review covers a brief history of refugee policy and practice in Tanzania, an overview of some mediating factors that influenced impacts, including pre-existing livelihood strategies in various refugee-hosting districts and immediate policy responses to the refugee influx, such as camp locations. The section that follows then covers areas of research that have been more comprehensively analyzed: (1) labor market outcomes, with some studies placing more emphasis on the gendered dynamics, as well as the distinct impact on causal labor; (2) the local economy and food prices; (3) food security and prices in terms of the humanitarian impact; (4) local infrastructure and services; (5) environmental impacts; (6) security and social cohesion; and (7) long-run welfare impacts. The publication concludes with lessons learned and policy and practice options and a brief taxonomy of areas for possible further research. It is hoped that the evidence and analysis presented here will inform policy responses for the various governments across the world faced with significant refugee and internally displaced persons (IDP) populations, as well as the humanitarian and development actors involved in supporting them.},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank and UNHCR},\n\tauthor = {Ogude, Helidah Refiloe Atieno},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of forced displacement on health.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zilic, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 181(3): 889–906. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Effect$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zilic_effect_2018,\n\ttitle = {Effect of forced displacement on health},\n\tvolume = {181},\n\tcopyright = {© 2017 Royal Statistical Society},\n\tissn = {1467-985X},\n\turl = {https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rssa.12322},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/rssa.12322},\n\tabstract = {The paper analyses health consequences of forced civilian displacement that occurred during the war in Croatia 1991–1995 which accompanied the demise of Yugoslavia. During the Serbo-Croatian conflict a quarter of Croatian territory was ceded, 22000 people were killed and more than 500000 individuals were displaced. Using the Croatian Adult Health Survey 2003 we identify the causal effect of forced migration on various dimensions of measured and self-assessed health. To circumvent the self-selection into displacement, we adopt an instrumental variable approach where civilian casualties per county are used as an instrument for displacement. We find robust adverse effects on probability of suffering hypertension and tachycardia as well as on self-assessed health and ‘Short form health survey’ health dimensions. Comparing ordinary least squares with instrumental variable estimates yields a conclusion of a positive selection into displacement with respect to latent health. Given the likely violation of the exclusion restriction, we use a method which allows the instrument to affect health outcomes directly and conclude that, even with substantial departures from the exclusion restriction, displacement still adversely affects health.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society)},\n\tauthor = {Zilic, Ivan},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Conflict, Health, Instrumental variables, Migration},\n\tpages = {889--906},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The neglected health needs of older Syrian refugees in Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lupieri, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{lupieri_neglected_2018,\n\ttitle = {The neglected health needs of older {Syrian} refugees in {Jordan}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/lupieri},\n\tabstract = {Older refugees are often a neglected population, particularly when it comes to health. In Jordan, the specific health needs of older Syrian refugees tend to be overlooked, due in part to a lack of data, institutional biases and the nature of the humanitarian response.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Lupieri, Sigrid},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Violence, psychological trauma, and risk attitudes: Evidence from victims of violence in Colombia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moya, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Development Economics, 131: 15–27. March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Violence,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{moya_violence_2018,\n\ttitle = {Violence, psychological trauma, and risk attitudes: {Evidence} from victims of violence in {Colombia}},\n\tvolume = {131},\n\tissn = {0304-3878},\n\tshorttitle = {Violence, psychological trauma, and risk attitudes},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387817300949},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.11.001},\n\tabstract = {Traumatic experiences can alter individuals' behavior and deplete their ability to make economic decisions. In this article, I analyze the effects of violence on risk attitudes. For this purpose, I sampled a group of victims of violence in Colombia and collected data on the severity and temporal proximity of their exposure to violence and on their symptoms of psychological trauma. I find that more severe violence brings about higher levels of risk aversion in the gains and ambiguity domains but that the behavioral effect is not permanent. I also find that the effect is driven by severe anxiety disorders, which is consistent with studies in psychology. The results suggest that violence can affect poverty dynamics through a behavioral channel. (JEL: D1; C9; O1; I1; I3).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Development Economics},\n\tauthor = {Moya, Andrés},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Colombia, Psychological trauma, Risk aversion, Violence},\n\tpages = {15--27},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Maai Mahiu Camp in Nakuru County, Kenya.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Musau, J. N.; Omondi, M.; and Khasakhala, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Internal Displacement, 8(1): 20–33. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{musau_prevalence_2018,\n\ttitle = {The {Prevalence} of {Post}-{Traumatic} {Stress} {Disorder} ({PTSD}) among {Internally} {Displaced} {Persons} ({IDPs}) in {Maai} {Mahiu} {Camp} in {Nakuru} {County}, {Kenya}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c)},\n\tissn = {1920-5813},\n\turl = {https://jid.tuki-tumarankeh.org/index.php/JID/article/view/67},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Internal Displacement},\n\tauthor = {Musau, Josephine N. and Omondi, Maxwell and Khasakhala, Lincoln},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Internally displaced persons, conflict, post-election violence, post-traumatic stress disorder, survivors, trauma, voilence},\n\tpages = {20--33},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in FCV Situations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n World Bank\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report HNP-FCV-01 January 2018, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{world_bank_mental_2018,\n\ttitle = {Mental {Health} and {Psychosocial} {Support} in {FCV} {Situations}},\n\tnumber = {HNP-FCV-01 January 2018},\n\tauthor = {{World Bank}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {FCV situations, Mental health, Psychosocial support},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Determinants of Mental Disorders in Syrian Refugees in Turkey Versus Internally Displaced Persons in Syria.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tekeli-Yesil, S.; Isik, E.; Unal, Y.; Aljomaa Almossa, F.; Konsuk Unlu, H.; and Aker, A. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n American Journal of Public Health, 108(7): 938–945. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{tekeli-yesil_determinants_2018,\n\ttitle = {Determinants of {Mental} {Disorders} in {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Turkey} {Versus} {Internally} {Displaced} {Persons} in {Syria}},\n\tvolume = {108},\n\tissn = {1541-0048},\n\tdoi = {10.2105/AJPH.2018.304405},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: To compare frequencies of some mental health disorders between Syrian refugees living in Turkey and internally displaced persons in Syria, and to identify factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder.\nMETHODS: We carried out a field survey in May 2017 among 540 internally displaced persons in Syria and refugees in Turkey.\nRESULTS: The study revealed that mental disorders were highly prevalent in both populations. Major depressive disorder was more frequent among refugees in Turkey than among internally displaced persons in Syria; other mental disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder, were more prevalent in the latter than in the former. Posttraumatic stress disorder was also associated with postmigration factors. Major depressive disorder was more likely among refugees in Turkey. In addition, the likelihood of major depressive disorder was predicted by stopping somewhere else before resettlement in the current location.\nCONCLUSIONS: The resettlement locus and the context and type of displacement seem to be important determinants of mental health disorders, with postmigration factors being stronger predictors of conflict-related mental health. Internally displaced persons may benefit more from trauma-focused approaches, whereas refugees may derive greater benefit from psychosocial approaches.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\tjournal = {American Journal of Public Health},\n\tauthor = {Tekeli-Yesil, Sidika and Isik, Esra and Unal, Yesim and Aljomaa Almossa, Fuad and Konsuk Unlu, Hande and Aker, Ahmet Tamer},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {29771613},\n\tpmcid = {PMC5993388},\n\tkeywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Major, Family Relations, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Refugees, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Syria, Turkey, Young Adult},\n\tpages = {938--945},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mechanisms of change for interventions aimed at improving the wellbeing, mental health and resilience of children and adolescents affected by war and armed conflict: a systematic review of reviews.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bosqui, T. J.; and Marshoud, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Conflict and Health, 12(1): 15. May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Mechanisms$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bosqui_mechanisms_2018,\n\ttitle = {Mechanisms of change for interventions aimed at improving the wellbeing, mental health and resilience of children and adolescents affected by war and armed conflict: a systematic review of reviews},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1752-1505},\n\tshorttitle = {Mechanisms of change for interventions aimed at improving the wellbeing, mental health and resilience of children and adolescents affected by war and armed conflict},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0153-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/s13031-018-0153-1},\n\tabstract = {Despite increasing research and clinical interest in delivering psychosocial interventions for children affected by war, little research has been conducted on the underlying mechanisms of change associated with these interventions. This review aimed to identify these processes in order to inform existing interventions and highlight research gaps. A systematic review of reviews was conducted drawing from academic databases (PubMed, PILOTS, Cochrane Library for Systematic Reviews) and field resources (e.g. Médecins Sans Frontières and the Psychosocial Centre of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies), with extracted data analysed using Thematic Content Analysis. Thirteen reviews of psychosocial or psychological interventions for children and adolescents ({\\textless} 25 years old) affected by war, armed conflict or political violence were identified, covering over 30 countries worldwide. Qualitative analysis identified 16 mechanisms of change, one of which was an adverse mechanism. Themes included protection from harm, play, community and family capacity building, strengthening relationships with caregivers, improved emotional regulation, therapeutic rapport, trauma processing, and cognitive restructuring; with the adverse mechanism relating to the pathologising of normal reactions. However, only 4 mechanisms were supported by strong empirical evidence, with only moderate or poor quality evidence supporting the other mechanisms. The poor quality of supporting evidence limits what can be inferred from this review’s findings, but serves to highlight clinically informed mechanisms of change for existing and widely used non-specialist interventions in the field, which urgently need rigorous scientific testing to inform their continued practice.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {Conflict and Health},\n\tauthor = {Bosqui, Tania Josiane and Marshoud, Bassam},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Mental Health, War and armed conflict},\n\tpages = {15},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Peace education and psychosocial support for social cohesion.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Simpson, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Peace$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{simpson_peace_2018,\n\ttitle = {Peace education and psychosocial support for social cohesion},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/simpson-r},\n\tabstract = {Evidence from psychosocial support-based peace education work with young displaced Syrians shows that addressing trauma is critical in overcoming psychological barriers to social cohesion.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Simpson, Ruth},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in FCV Situations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n World Bank\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report HNP-FCV-03 March 2018, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{world_bank_non-communicable_2018,\n\ttitle = {Non-{Communicable} {Diseases} ({NCDs}) in {FCV} {Situations}},\n\tnumber = {HNP-FCV-03 March 2018},\n\tauthor = {{World Bank}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Financing Refugee Hosting Contexts: An analysis of the DAC’s contribution to burden- and responsibility-sharing in supporting refugees and their host communities.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Forichon, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n OECD Development Co-operation Working Paper, (48). December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Financing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{forichon_financing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Financing {Refugee} {Hosting} {Contexts}: {An} analysis of the {DAC}’s contribution to burden- and responsibility-sharing in supporting refugees and their host communities},\n\tshorttitle = {Financing {Refugee} {Hosting} {Contexts}},\n\turl = {https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/financing-refugee-hosting-contexts_24db9b07-en},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1787/24db9b07-en},\n\tabstract = {Protecting and supporting refugees is an important responsibility of the international community. The Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) was proposed in 2018 to establish a more predictable and equitable sharing of burdens and responsibilities among United Nations Member States when it comes to fulfilling these obligations. This working paper presents and analyses the findings of a survey circulated to members of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) between July and September 2018. The survey investigated trends in official development assistance (ODA) and plans for future funding to programmes and projects that support refugees and their host communities, as well as other, non-funding efforts and responses that DAC members are making in support of refugees. The findings of this paper will establish a baseline for monitoring progress toward “funding and effective and efficient use of resources” as one of the key tools for meeting the commitments of the GCR. The paper examines some of the strengths and challenges of current donor practices, and recommends a set of priorities to guide future donor support and engagement in order to promote good donorship and to support the international community in meeting the GCR’s objectives.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {48},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {OECD Development Co-operation Working Paper},\n\tauthor = {Forichon, Kathleen},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees, forced migration, and conflict: Introduction to the special issue:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Braithwaite, A.; Salehyan, I.; and Savun, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peace Research. December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{braithwaite_refugees_2018,\n\ttitle = {Refugees, forced migration, and conflict: {Introduction} to the special issue:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2018},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees, forced migration, and conflict},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318814128},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318814128},\n\tabstract = {Few issues in international politics have dominated public debates, both in domestic and international arenas, as much as refugee movements across borders in re...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Braithwaite, Alex and Salehyan, Idean and Savun, Burcu},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Who Counts in Crises? The New Geopolitics of International Migration and Refugee Governance.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Allen, W.; Anderson, B.; Hear, N. V.; Sumption, M.; Düvell, F.; Hough, J.; Rose, L.; Humphris, R.; and Walker, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Geopolitics, 23(1): 217–243. January 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Who$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{allen_who_2018,\n\ttitle = {Who {Counts} in {Crises}? {The} {New} {Geopolitics} of {International} {Migration} and {Refugee} {Governance}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {1465-0045},\n\tshorttitle = {Who {Counts} in {Crises}?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2017.1327740},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/14650045.2017.1327740},\n\tabstract = {Recent migration ‘crises’ raise important geopolitical questions. Who is ‘the migrant’ that contemporary politics are fixated on? How are answers to ‘who counts as a migrant’ changing? Who gets to do that counting, and under what circumstances? This forum responds to, as well as questions, the current saliency of migration by examining how categories of migration hold geopolitical significance—not only in how they are constructed and by whom, but also in how they are challenged and subverted. Furthermore, by examining how the very concepts of ‘migrant’ and ‘refugee’ are used in different contexts, and for a variety of purposes, it opens up critical questions about mobility, citizenship and the nation state. Collectively, these contributions aim to demonstrate how problematising migration and its categorisation can be a tool of enquiry into other phenomena and processes.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {Geopolitics},\n\tauthor = {Allen, William and Anderson, Bridget and Hear, Nicholas Van and Sumption, Madeleine and Düvell, Franck and Hough, Jennifer and Rose, Lena and Humphris, Rachel and Walker, Sarah},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {217--243},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Profiteers of Migration? Authoritarian States in Africa and European Migration Management.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koch, A.; Weber, A.; and Werenfels, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In of SWP Research Paper. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (German Institute for International and Security Affairs), July 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Profiteers$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@incollection{koch_profiteers_2018,\n\tseries = {{SWP} {Research} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Profiteers of {Migration}? {Authoritarian} {States} in {Africa} and {European} {Migration} {Management}},\n\turl = {https://www.swp-berlin.org/en/publication/profiteers-of-migration/},\n\tabstract = {Since 2015, the management of refugee and migration movements has been high on the agenda of the European Union (EU) and its member states. Great hopes are being pinned on development policy interventions that offer the people who are willing to migrate prospects in their home countries. This policy is accompanied by a strong focus on migration statistics. At the same time, the local contexts and regional dynamics of partner countries tend to be neglected. This is where this study comes in: What social, political, and economic processes do the EU’s external migration policies encounter in African states? Which possibilities for cooperation are realistic?\n\nThis study focusses on several countries that are governed in an authoritarian manner, albeit with strong variance in the degrees of authoritarianism: Egypt; the Maghreb states Algeria and Morocco; the Sahel state of Niger; as well as Sudan and Eritrea, which are linked together in a “migration complex” at the Horn of Africa. The study analyses migration cooperation in countries with different degrees of proximity and interaction with Europe and examines whether – and to what extent – authoritarian rulers, in particular, benefit from this cooperation.\n\nThe analysis shows that the impact of external EU migration policies varies according to the political, economic, and social contexts in partner countries. The respective degree of centralisation, assertiveness, creative drive, and regional ambitions of the regimes are decisive in determining whether European offers are perceived as a welcome influx of project funds or as an opportunity to pursue overarching political goals – or neither of the two. The interests in maintaining power and the legitimacy strategies of the elites play decisive roles in responding to offers of cooperation in all countries examined.},\n\tnumber = {2018/RP 04},\n\tpublisher = {Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (German Institute for International and Security Affairs)},\n\tauthor = {Koch, Anne and Weber, Annette and Werenfels, Isabelle},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n European policy failure during the refugee crisis : partial empowerment, reluctant agents, a cacophony of voices, and unilateral action.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Da Conceicao-Heldt, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"European$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{da_conceicao-heldt_european_2018,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {European policy failure during the refugee crisis : partial empowerment, reluctant agents, a cacophony of voices, and unilateral action},\n\tshorttitle = {European policy failure during the refugee crisis},\n\turl = {https://cadmus.eui.eu//handle/1814/56404},\n\tabstract = {How can we explain the EU’s policy failure during the refugee crisis? In this contribution, I argue that EU policy failure was a function of four causal mechanisms. First, a complex delegation design with partial empowerment of supranational institutions on migration and asylum policy issues hindered an effective response and strengthened disintegration dynamics. Second, a reluctant European Commission was unable to provide leadership during the refugee crisis. Third, Member States’ inability to speak with a single voice negatively impacted their external and internal effectiveness and reinforced disintegration dynamics. Finally, this cacophony of voices led to unilateral action eroding the authority of the Commission and explains EU policy failure during the refugee crisis. The findings of this paper suggest that the mantra that the EU undergoes many crises but always emerges stronger has lost plausibility.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tauthor = {Da Conceicao-Heldt, Eugenia},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The macro-economic impacts of Syrian refugee aid.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schillings, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{schillings_macro-economic_2018,\n\ttitle = {The macro-economic impacts of {Syrian} refugee aid},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/schillings},\n\tabstract = {A new study on the effects of humanitarian assistance in response to the Syria crisis finds significant positive impacts for regional economic growth and job creation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Schillings, Tobias},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tackling the Realities of Protracted Displacement: Case Studies on What’s Working and Where We Can Do Better.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Huang, C.; Charles, S.; Post, L.; and Gough, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Center for Global Development and International Rescue Committee, April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Tackling$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{huang_tackling_2018,\n\ttitle = {Tackling the {Realities} of {Protracted} {Displacement}: {Case} {Studies} on {What}’s {Working} and {Where} {We} {Can} {Do} {Better}},\n\turl = {https://www.cgdev.org/publication/tackling-realities-protracted-displacement-case-studies-whats-working},\n\tabstract = {The international community has come together in new ways to address forced displacement—one of the biggest challenges of the early twenty-first century. A series of high-level events in 2016 acknowledged record levels of displacement, and international actors responded with concrete commitments that recognized the protracted nature of displacement, the centrality of host governments, and the need to support the well-being and self-reliance of both refugees and host populations. \n\nRefugee compacts, such as those first deployed in Jordan and Lebanon, are a new model for bringing together a range of actors, flexible financing, and other investments in support of countries hosting significant numbers of refugees. At the same time, the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) is shepherding the first Global Compact on Refugees, which includes a Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) that similarly promises to bridge the humanitarian-development divide.  \nThis policy brief examines progress since the 2016 convenings, including how partnerships and financing—especially implementation of the CRRF and World Bank financing—are playing out on the ground. It examines initial efforts in Ethiopia and Uganda, where the CRRF is being piloted and World Bank financing has been approved, and takes stock of the latest progress in Jordan, where the compact is entering the third year of implementation.\n\nHost governments, the World Bank, UNHCR, and their partners should be commended for novel approaches to a difficult global challenge. But there is much room for improvement in execution. Experience so far indicates that overall governance structures are fragmented; goals, policy changes, and program plans are not yet clear or fully aligned with resources—and there are few mechanisms holding all actors to account for achieving results for refugees and their hosts.\nThis brief makes four overarching recommendations to address these challenges and ensure implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees and World Bank financing leads to positive changes in the lives and livelihoods of refugees and host communities.},\n\tinstitution = {Center for Global Development and International Rescue Committee},\n\tauthor = {Huang, Cindy and Charles, Sarah and Post, Lauren and Gough, Kate},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n The international community has come together in new ways to address forced displacement—one of the biggest challenges of the early twenty-first century. A series of high-level events in 2016 acknowledged record levels of displacement, and international actors responded with concrete commitments that recognized the protracted nature of displacement, the centrality of host governments, and the need to support the well-being and self-reliance of both refugees and host populations. Refugee compacts, such as those first deployed in Jordan and Lebanon, are a new model for bringing together a range of actors, flexible financing, and other investments in support of countries hosting significant numbers of refugees. At the same time, the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) is shepherding the first Global Compact on Refugees, which includes a Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) that similarly promises to bridge the humanitarian-development divide. This policy brief examines progress since the 2016 convenings, including how partnerships and financing—especially implementation of the CRRF and World Bank financing—are playing out on the ground. It examines initial efforts in Ethiopia and Uganda, where the CRRF is being piloted and World Bank financing has been approved, and takes stock of the latest progress in Jordan, where the compact is entering the third year of implementation. Host governments, the World Bank, UNHCR, and their partners should be commended for novel approaches to a difficult global challenge. But there is much room for improvement in execution. Experience so far indicates that overall governance structures are fragmented; goals, policy changes, and program plans are not yet clear or fully aligned with resources—and there are few mechanisms holding all actors to account for achieving results for refugees and their hosts. This brief makes four overarching recommendations to address these challenges and ensure implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees and World Bank financing leads to positive changes in the lives and livelihoods of refugees and host communities.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Promoting labour market integration of refugees with trade preferences : beyond the EU-Jordan Compact.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Temprano Arroyo, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Promoting$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{temprano_arroyo_promoting_2018,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Promoting labour market integration of refugees with trade preferences : beyond the {EU}-{Jordan} {Compact}},\n\tshorttitle = {Promoting labour market integration of refugees with trade preferences},\n\turl = {https://cadmus.eui.eu//handle/1814/57124},\n\tabstract = {Trade preferences provide a potential policy tool for supporting refugee employment in countries of first asylum. Thus, in the context of the EU-Jordan Compact agreed in 2016, the EU eased the rules of origin for Jordanian exporters employing a minimum share of Syrian refugees. The use of trade preferences to encourage the labour market integration of refugees is consistent with the new, developmental approach to refugee protection advocated by the recent literature and enshrined in the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework adopted by the UN in 2016. The paper looks at the so-far disappointing impact of the EU-Jordan agreement on rules of origin, as well as the experience with two relevant U.S. preferential programmes (the Qualified Industrial Zones initiative for Egypt and Jordan and the African Growth and Opportunity Act) that have generated substantial export growth and employment. It then discusses the conditions under which trade preferences can prove an effective instrument for refugee integration and makes some concrete policy recommendations},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tauthor = {Temprano Arroyo, Heliodoro},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unpacking (and Re-Packing) the Refugees Compact Experiment: Lessons From Jordan Two Years On.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Harper, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report West Asia-North Africa Institute, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Unpacking$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{harper_unpacking_2018,\n\ttitle = {Unpacking (and {Re}-{Packing}) the {Refugees} {Compact} {Experiment}: {Lessons} {From} {Jordan} {Two} {Years} {On}},\n\turl = {http://wanainstitute.org/sites/default/files/publications/Publication_LondonCompact_February2018.pdf},\n\tinstitution = {West Asia-North Africa Institute},\n\tauthor = {Harper, Erica},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Designing refugee compacts: lessons from Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Huang, C.; Ash, N.; Gough, K.; and Post, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Designing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{huang_designing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Designing refugee compacts: lessons from {Jordan}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/huang-ash-gough-post},\n\tabstract = {Analysis of progress to date under the Jordan Compact highlights a number of shortcomings that need to be addressed if the model is to be used effectively elsewhere.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Huang, Cindy and Ash, Nazanin and Gough, Katelyn and Post, Lauren},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Jordan, Refugee, Refugee Compacts},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Learning from the Jordan Compact.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lenner, K.; and Turner, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Learning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{lenner_learning_2018,\n\ttitle = {Learning from the {Jordan} {Compact}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/lenner-turner},\n\tabstract = {Analysis of the implementation of the Jordan Compact offers three key lessons: governmental approval is important but not sufficient, the incorporation of critical voices is crucial, and meeting numeric targets is not the same as achieving underlying goals.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Lenner, Katharina and Turner, Lewis},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Syrian refugees: thinking beyond gender stereotypes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lokot, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Syrian$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{lokot_syrian_2018,\n\ttitle = {Syrian refugees: thinking beyond gender stereotypes},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/lokot},\n\tabstract = {The dominant gender narratives among NGOs responding to Syrian refugees, and their subsequent interventions, are based on sometimes simplistic understandings of the ‘traditional’ Syrian household and power dynamics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Lokot, Michelle},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Marriage and fertility patterns among Jordanians and Syrian refugees in Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sieverding, M.; Berri, N.; and Abdulrahim, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1187, Economic Research Forum, May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Marriage$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sieverding_marriage_2018,\n\ttitle = {Marriage and fertility patterns among {Jordanians} and {Syrian} refugees in {Jordan}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/marriage-and-fertility-patterns-among-jordanians-and-syrian-refugees-in-jordan/},\n\tabstract = {In this paper we use the Jordan Labor Market Panel Surveys (JLMPS) of 2010 and 2016 to examine recent change in marriage and fertility outcomes among Jordanians, as well as among the Syrian refugee population in Jordan. The new data from the JLMPS 2016 demonstrates considerable continuity in marriage practices among Jordanians. Jordanian men and women have seen very modest increases in median age at first marriage of one or two years over recent cohorts. Education is the main factor associated with later ages at marriage and, correspondingly for women, later ages at first birth. The cost of marriage in real terms has declined since 2010, so marriage costs are unlikely to be a major contributor to recent trends in the age at marriage. Despite the relatively small increase in age at first marriage, the JLMPS 2016 data suggest a resumed fertility decline in Jordan after a long period of stall, with a total fertility rate of 3.3 births per woman in 2016 compared to 3.9 in 2010. As compared to the Jordanian population, Syrian refugees generally experienced an earlier transition to marriage and a higher total fertility rate of 4.4 in 2016. This is lower than the fertility rate of the refugee population prior to the conflict and their arrival in Jordan, which was 4.9 births per woman as of 2009. The marriage and fertility patterns of Syrian refugees in Jordan are consistent with this population being highly selected on factors associated with earlier marriage ages and higher fertility rates in Syria. Syrian refugees in Jordan were more disadvantaged in their marriage outcomes, including lower expenditures on marriage and lower rates of nuclear family residence. Women who married before age 18, both Syrian and Jordanian, also experienced poorer outcomes upon marriage than those who married at older ages, including larger age and education gaps with their husbands.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1187},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Sieverding, Maia and Berri, Nasma and Abdulrahim, Sawsan},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Fertility pattern, Jordan, Marriage pattern, Refugee, Syrian},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Making sense of child, early and forced marriage among Syrian refugee girls: a mixed methods study in Lebanon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bartels, S. A.; Michael, S.; Roupetz, S.; Garbern, S.; Kilzar, L.; Bergquist, H.; Bakhache, N.; Davison, C.; and Bunting, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BMJ Global Health, 3(1): e000509. January 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Making$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bartels_making_2018,\n\ttitle = {Making sense of child, early and forced marriage among {Syrian} refugee girls: a mixed methods study in {Lebanon}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tcopyright = {© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/},\n\tissn = {2059-7908},\n\tshorttitle = {Making sense of child, early and forced marriage among {Syrian} refugee girls},\n\turl = {https://gh.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000509},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000509},\n\tabstract = {Introduction The Syrian conflict has resulted in over 2.3 million child refugees in the Middle East and the prevalence of early marriage has reportedly increased among displaced Syrian families. This study explores the underlying factors contributing to child marriage among Syrian refugees in Lebanon with the goal of informing community-based strategies to address the issue.\nMethods In July–August 2016, trained interviewers collected self-interpreted stories in Lebanon using Cognitive Edge’s SenseMaker, a mixed-method data collection tool. Participants included married and unmarried Syrian girls, Syrian parents as well as married and unmarried men. Each participant shared a story about the experiences of Syrian girls and then interpreted the story by plotting their perspectives on a variety of questions. Patterns in the responses were analysed in SPSS and the accompanying qualitative narratives were reviewed to facilitate interpretation of the quantitative results.\nResults 1422 self-interpreted stories from 1346 unique participants were collected with 40\\% of shared stories focused on (n=332) or mentioning (n=245) child marriage. Quantitative data summarised the different perspectives of female and male participants. Syrian girls and mothers were more likely to share stories about protection/security and/or education and were more likely to report that girls were overprotected. Male participants were more likely to share stories about financial security as well as sexual exploitation of girls and more often reported that girls were not protected enough. Despite these gendered perspectives, many of the shared narratives highlighted similar themes of financial hardship, lack of educational opportunities and safety concerns around sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).\nConclusions A complex myriad of factors contribute to early marriage including poverty, lack of educational opportunities and concerns about SGBV. Sexual exploitation under the guise of marriage is a reality for some Syrian girls. Gender-specific strategies to address child marriage might be more effective in reducing this harmful practice.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-08-03},\n\tjournal = {BMJ Global Health},\n\tauthor = {Bartels, Susan Andrea and Michael, Saja and Roupetz, Sophie and Garbern, Stephanie and Kilzar, Lama and Bergquist, Harveen and Bakhache, Nour and Davison, Colleen and Bunting, Annie},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {29515914},\n\tkeywords = {Lebanon, Syria, child, early or forced marriage, girls, mixed methods, refugee},\n\tpages = {e000509},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n Introduction The Syrian conflict has resulted in over 2.3 million child refugees in the Middle East and the prevalence of early marriage has reportedly increased among displaced Syrian families. This study explores the underlying factors contributing to child marriage among Syrian refugees in Lebanon with the goal of informing community-based strategies to address the issue. Methods In July–August 2016, trained interviewers collected self-interpreted stories in Lebanon using Cognitive Edge’s SenseMaker, a mixed-method data collection tool. Participants included married and unmarried Syrian girls, Syrian parents as well as married and unmarried men. Each participant shared a story about the experiences of Syrian girls and then interpreted the story by plotting their perspectives on a variety of questions. Patterns in the responses were analysed in SPSS and the accompanying qualitative narratives were reviewed to facilitate interpretation of the quantitative results. Results 1422 self-interpreted stories from 1346 unique participants were collected with 40% of shared stories focused on (n=332) or mentioning (n=245) child marriage. Quantitative data summarised the different perspectives of female and male participants. Syrian girls and mothers were more likely to share stories about protection/security and/or education and were more likely to report that girls were overprotected. Male participants were more likely to share stories about financial security as well as sexual exploitation of girls and more often reported that girls were not protected enough. Despite these gendered perspectives, many of the shared narratives highlighted similar themes of financial hardship, lack of educational opportunities and safety concerns around sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Conclusions A complex myriad of factors contribute to early marriage including poverty, lack of educational opportunities and concerns about SGBV. Sexual exploitation under the guise of marriage is a reality for some Syrian girls. Gender-specific strategies to address child marriage might be more effective in reducing this harmful practice.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Child marriage in Jordan: breaking the cycle.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Swan, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Child$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{swan_child_2018,\n\ttitle = {Child marriage in {Jordan}: breaking the cycle},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/swan},\n\tabstract = {In seeking to combat the growing phenomenon of child marriage among Syrian refugees, it is vital to engage the whole range of actors involved, and to recognise that girls and boys have the capacity to address this issue in their own communities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Swan, Georgia},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Child Marriage, Jordan, Syria, Syrian refugees},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Local constructions of gender-based violence amongst IDPs in northern Uganda: analysis of archival data collected using a gender- and age-segmented participatory ranking methodology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ager, A.; Bancroft, C.; Berger, E.; and Stark, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Conflict and Health, 12: 10. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{ager_local_2018,\n\ttitle = {Local constructions of gender-based violence amongst {IDPs} in northern {Uganda}: analysis of archival data collected using a gender- and age-segmented participatory ranking methodology},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1752-1505},\n\tshorttitle = {Local constructions of gender-based violence amongst {IDPs} in northern {Uganda}},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/s13031-018-0140-6},\n\tabstract = {Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant problem in conflict-affected settings. Understanding local constructions of such violence is crucial to developing preventive and responsive interventions to address this issue.\nMethods: This study reports on a secondary analysis of archived data collected as part of formative qualitative work - using a group participatory ranking methodology (PRM) - informing research on the prevalence of GBV amongst IDPs in northern Uganda in 2006. Sixty-four PRM group discussions were held with women, with men, with girls (aged 14 to 18 years), and with boys (aged 14 to 18 years) selected on a randomized basis across four internally displaced persons (IDP) camps in Lira District. Discussions elicited problems facing women in the camps, and - through structured participatory methods - consensus ranking of their importance and narrative accounts explaining these judgments.\nResults: Amongst forms of GBV faced by women, rape was ranked as the greatest concern amongst participants (with a mean problem rank of 3.4), followed by marital rape (mean problem rank of 4.5) and intimate partner violence (mean problem rank of 4.9). Girls ranked all forms of GBV as higher priority concerns than other participants. Discussions indicated that these forms of GBV were generally considered normalized within the camp. Gender roles and power, economic deprivation, and physical and social characteristics of the camp setting emerged as key explanatory factors in accounts of GBV prevalence, although these played out in different ways with respect to differing forms of violence.\nConclusions: All groups acknowledged GBV to represent a significant threat - among other major concerns such as transportation, water, shelter, food and security - for women residing in the camps. Given evidence of the significantly higher risk in the camp of intimate partner violence and marital rape, the relative prominence of the issue of rape in all rankings suggests normalization of violence within the home. Programs targeting reduction in GBV need to address community-identified root causes such as economic deprivation and social norms related to gender roles. More generally, PRM appears to offer an efficient means of identifying local constructions of prevailing challenges in a manner that can inform programming.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Conflict and Health},\n\tauthor = {Ager, Alastair and Bancroft, Carolyn and Berger, Elizabeth and Stark, Lindsay},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {29445418},\n\tpmcid = {PMC5803931},\n\tkeywords = {Gender-based violence, Internally displaced person (IDP), Intimate partner violence, Marital rape, Participant ranking methodology (PRM), Rape, Social norms, Uganda},\n\tpages = {10},\n}\n\n

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\n Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant problem in conflict-affected settings. Understanding local constructions of such violence is crucial to developing preventive and responsive interventions to address this issue. Methods: This study reports on a secondary analysis of archived data collected as part of formative qualitative work - using a group participatory ranking methodology (PRM) - informing research on the prevalence of GBV amongst IDPs in northern Uganda in 2006. Sixty-four PRM group discussions were held with women, with men, with girls (aged 14 to 18 years), and with boys (aged 14 to 18 years) selected on a randomized basis across four internally displaced persons (IDP) camps in Lira District. Discussions elicited problems facing women in the camps, and - through structured participatory methods - consensus ranking of their importance and narrative accounts explaining these judgments. Results: Amongst forms of GBV faced by women, rape was ranked as the greatest concern amongst participants (with a mean problem rank of 3.4), followed by marital rape (mean problem rank of 4.5) and intimate partner violence (mean problem rank of 4.9). Girls ranked all forms of GBV as higher priority concerns than other participants. Discussions indicated that these forms of GBV were generally considered normalized within the camp. Gender roles and power, economic deprivation, and physical and social characteristics of the camp setting emerged as key explanatory factors in accounts of GBV prevalence, although these played out in different ways with respect to differing forms of violence. Conclusions: All groups acknowledged GBV to represent a significant threat - among other major concerns such as transportation, water, shelter, food and security - for women residing in the camps. Given evidence of the significantly higher risk in the camp of intimate partner violence and marital rape, the relative prominence of the issue of rape in all rankings suggests normalization of violence within the home. Programs targeting reduction in GBV need to address community-identified root causes such as economic deprivation and social norms related to gender roles. More generally, PRM appears to offer an efficient means of identifying local constructions of prevailing challenges in a manner that can inform programming.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Caring for male and LGBTI sexual violence survivors: learning from local organisations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chynoweth, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Caring$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{chynoweth_caring_2018,\n\ttitle = {Caring for male and {LGBTI} sexual violence survivors: learning from local organisations},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/chynoweth},\n\tabstract = {Local organisations responding to the Syrian humanitarian crisis are at the forefront of providing care for both male and LGBTI survivors of sexual violence.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Chynoweth, Sarah},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Bisexual, Gay, Intersex, LGBTI, Lesbian, Male Sexual Violence, Sexual Violence, Sexual Violence Survivors, Transgender},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Regional collaboration to strengthen education for nationals & Syrian refugees in Arabic speaking host countries.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Visconti, L.; and Gal, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Educational Development, 61(C): 106–116. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Regional$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{visconti_regional_2018,\n\ttitle = {Regional collaboration to strengthen education for nationals \\& {Syrian} refugees in {Arabic} speaking host countries},\n\tvolume = {61},\n\turl = {https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/injoed/v61y2018icp106-116.html},\n\tabstract = {The international community launched the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) to help meet the needs of more than 4.8 million registered Syrian refugees in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, and Egypt. The education arm of 3RP is the No Lost Generation (NLG) initiative, which supports the ministries of education in these host countries expand access to education; ensure the provision of quality, relevant education; and strengthen national and sub-national education systems. Planning of NLG efforts is regional; however, decision-making and implementation remain at the country level. Our study analyzes NLG initiatives for refugees in the context of recent education reform undertaken by Jordan and Lebanon, as these countries have focused on improving their national systems. We find that continued political instability in the region, and uncertainty of where refugees will reside in the future, coupled with common socio-economic concerns of the four countries, and comparable weaknesses of their education systems, suggest regional collaboration is needed to strengthen education systems. Three recommendations are offered to build the region's education systems: standardize K-12 curricula in STEM and standardize accreditation requirements for secondary formal education and NFE; develop regional databases in Arabic of evidence-based best teaching practices; improve linkages between universities and industry to secondary schools to ensure skills developed are compatible to those needed in the 21 st century economy. These recommendations make education more portable for refugees, given their uncertain future; they equalize learning opportunities for students, regardless of SES and geography; they make education relevant for refugees and nationals, providing skills young people need for better prospects. At the same time, our recommendations respect national authority in key subjects and promote local ownership of teaching and learning processes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {C},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Educational Development},\n\tauthor = {Visconti, Louisa and Gal, Diane},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Education, Reform, Refugees, Syria},\n\tpages = {106--116},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Private Sector Engagement in Refugee Education.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zakharia, Z.; and Menashy, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (57). February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Private$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zakharia_private_2018,\n\ttitle = {Private {Sector} {Engagement} in {Refugee} {Education}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/zakharia-menashy},\n\tabstract = {The involvement of the private sector in providing education for Syrian refugees has much to commend it but greater consideration needs to be paid to the ethical and practical concerns that may arise},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Zakharia, Zeena and Menashy, Francine},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The new world of work and the need for digital empowerment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peromingo, M.; and Pieterson, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forced Migration Review, (58). June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{peromingo_new_2018,\n\ttitle = {The new world of work and the need for digital empowerment},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/economies/peromingo-pieterson},\n\tabstract = {Literacy needs among the refugee populations of Uganda and Ethiopia are vast, yet although both are CRRF pilot countries – and therefore in theory committed to promoting literacy – functional adult literacy is barely supported at all.},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\tjournal = {Forced Migration Review},\n\tauthor = {Peromingo, Miguel and Pieterson, Willem},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Impact of Syrian Crisis on the Quality of Education in Jordan: A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bataineh, A.; and Montalbano, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Sapienza – University of Rome, Dipartimento di Scienze Sociali ed Economiche, July 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{bataineh_impact_2018,\n\ttitle = {The {Impact} of {Syrian} {Crisis} on the {Quality} of {Education} in {Jordan}: {A} {Quantitative} and {Qualitative} {Assessment}},\n\turl = {http://www.diss.uniroma1.it/sites/default/files/allegati/DiSSE_Bataineh_Montalbano_wp7_2018.pdf},\n\tabstract = {This paper investigates the causal impact of the Syria crisis on education quality in Jordan. We collected and analyzed\nprimary quantitative and qualitative data for a sample of Jordanian public schools in Qasabet-Irbid district (Northern Jordan),\nclose to the Syrian border. Our empirical analysis assesses an overall negative impact of Syrian refugee enrollment in the\nJordanian education system induced by both overcrowding and double-shift practices. This impact on students' performance is\nrepresented by a declining in their scores in four main subjects (Math, Science, Arabic, and English) relative to the counterfactual\nsample. This negative impact is confirmed by the qualitative analysis as well. This study provides the first empirical evidence on\nthe impact of Syria crisis on the education quality in the affected public schools in Jordan, with possible long-term effects on\neconomic growth. Although it does not represent, by any means, an argument against hosting policies of refugees, it represents a\nquest for International agencies and donors to refine their financial and technical support to schooling the refugees without\naffecting the education quality provided in the public schools. This will also help to prevent tensions between the incoming and the\nhost communities.},\n\tinstitution = {Sapienza – University of Rome, Dipartimento di Scienze Sociali ed Economiche},\n\tauthor = {Bataineh, Abdullah and Montalbano, Pierluigi},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The impact of refugee experiences on education: evidence from Burundi.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fransen, S.; Vargas-Silva, C.; and Siegel, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n IZA Journal of Development and Migration, 8(1): 6. March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{fransen_impact_2018,\n\ttitle = {The impact of refugee experiences on education: evidence from {Burundi}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {2520-1786},\n\tshorttitle = {The impact of refugee experiences on education},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40176-017-0112-4},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/s40176-017-0112-4},\n\tabstract = {Previous studies suggest that displacement is one of the channels through which conflict impacts schooling outcomes. However, there is scarce evidence on this impact for those who are displaced internationally (i.e. refugees). We use data from Burundi, a country which experienced large-scale conflict-led emigration and substantial post-war refugee return, to explore differences in schooling outcomes between returnees, defined as individuals who were displaced to a neighbouring country and later returned home, and stayees, defined as individuals who never left the country during the conflict (i.e. those who were never displaced and those who were only displaced internally). Our results suggest that, controlling for pre-war characteristics and cohort effects, returning refugees are more likely to have finished primary school than their contemporaries who never left the country. We also find that an additional year spent as a refugee while of schooling age is associated with a four to six percentage point increase in the likelihood of finishing primary school.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {IZA Journal of Development and Migration},\n\tauthor = {Fransen, Sonja and Vargas-Silva, Carlos and Siegel, Melissa},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {6},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Effect of Immigrant on Natives' School Achievement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bossavie, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{bossavie_effect_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The {Effect} of {Immigrant} on {Natives}' {School} {Achievement}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29944},\n\tabstract = {Using a rich data set of primary school \n            students, this paper estimates the effects of immigrant \n            concentration in the classroom on the academic achievement \n            of natives. In contrast with previous contributions, it \n            exploits rare information on age-at-migration to estimate \n            separate spillover effects by duration of stay of immigrant \n            classmates. To identify treatment effects, it uses \n            cohort-by-cohort deviations in immigrant concentration \n            within schools combined with attractive features of the \n            Dutch school system. Overall, the paper finds no effect of \n            the concentration of immigrant students on natives' \n            test scores. However, although immigrant students who have \n            been in the country for some time have virtually no effect \n            on natives, the analysis finds a small negative effect of \n            recent immigrants in the classroom on natives' test \n            scores. This effect significant only for language test \n            scores, but insignificant for mathematics test scores. When \n            significant, effect sizes are quite small compared to other \n            educational interventions and classroom peer effects \n            estimated in other contexts.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Bossavie, Laurent},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tdoi = {10.1596/1813-9450-8492},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of Syrian Refugees in Jordan on Education Outcomes for Jordanian Youth.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Assaad, R.; Ginn, T.; and Saleh, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report No. 1214, Economic Research Forum, September 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Impact$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{assaad_impact_2018,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Impact of {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Jordan} on {Education} {Outcomes} for {Jordanian} {Youth}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/impact-of-syrian-refugees-in-jordan-on-education-outcomes-for-jordanian-youth/},\n\tabstract = {This paper examines the impact of Syrian refugees during the Syrian Civil War on the educational outcomes of Jordanians.  Outcomes we examine include school entry, school enrollment at various levels and advancement from one level to the next.  The project employs a unique data source, the 2016 Jordanian Labor Market Panel Survey that records retrospective … Continued},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\tnumber = {No. 1214},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Economic Research Forum},\n\tauthor = {Assaad, Ragui and Ginn, Thomas and Saleh, Mohamed},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Impact of Low-skill Refugees on Youth Education (PRELIMINARY).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tumen, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In September 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@inproceedings{tumen_impact_2018,\n\ttitle = {The {Impact} of {Low}-skill {Refugees} on {Youth} {Education} ({PRELIMINARY})},\n\turl = {https://www.sandravrozo.com/refugee-workshop.html},\n\tauthor = {Tumen, Semin},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Forced Migration and Human Capital: Evidence from Post-WWII Population Transfers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Becker, S. O; Grosfeld, I.; Grosjean, P.; Voigtländer, N.; and Zhuravskaya, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 24704, National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Forced$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{becker_forced_2018,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Forced {Migration} and {Human} {Capital}: {Evidence} from {Post}-{WWII} {Population} {Transfers}},\n\tshorttitle = {Forced {Migration} and {Human} {Capital}},\n\turl = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w24704},\n\tabstract = {We exploit a unique historical setting to study the long-run effects of forced migration on investment in education. After World War II, the Polish borders were redrawn, resulting in large-scale migration. Poles were forced to move from the Kresy territories in the East (taken over by the USSR) and were resettled mostly to the newly acquired Western Territories, from which Germans were expelled. We combine historical censuses with newly collected survey data to show that, while there were no pre-WWII differences in education, Poles with a family history of forced migration are significantly more educated today. Descendants of forced migrants have on average one extra year of schooling, driven by a higher propensity to finish secondary or higher education. This result holds when we restrict ancestral locations to a subsample around the Kresy border and include fixed effects for the destination of migrants. Since Kresy migrants were of the same ethnicity and religion as other Poles, we bypass confounding factors of other cases of forced migration. We show that labor market competition with natives and selection of migrants are also unlikely to drive our results. Survey evidence suggests that forced migration led to a shift in preferences, away from material possessions and towards investment in a mobile asset – human capital. The effects persist over three generations.},\n\tnumber = {24704},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},\n\tauthor = {Becker, Sascha O and Grosfeld, Irena and Grosjean, Pauline and Voigtländer, Nico and Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tdoi = {10.3386/w24704},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Education Interrupted: Enrollment, Attainment, and Dropout of Syrian Refugees in Jordan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sieverding, M.; Krafft, C.; Berri, N.; Keo, C.; and Sharpless, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 1261, December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Education$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{sieverding_education_2018,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Education {Interrupted}: {Enrollment}, {Attainment}, and {Dropout} of {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Jordan}},\n\tshorttitle = {Education {Interrupted}},\n\turl = {https://erf.org.eg/publications/education-interrupted-enrollment-attainment-and-dropout-of-syrian-refugees-in-jordan/},\n\tabstract = {Education is a key means to integrate refugee populations into their host countries, as well as to prevent permanent deficits in human development among children affected by conflict. The large population of children affected by the Syrian conflict are at risk of becoming a “lost generation” due to interruptions in their schooling. Jordan hosts one … Continued},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\tnumber = {1261},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tauthor = {Sieverding, Maia and Krafft, Caroline and Berri, Nasma and Keo, Caitlyn and Sharpless, Mariam},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Education, Jordan, School enrollment, Syria},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Property restitution in post-conflict Syria.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Clutterbuck, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 57, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Property$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{clutterbuck_property_2018,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\ttitle = {Property restitution in post-conflict {Syria}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/clutterbuck},\n\tabstract = {Although restitution of property should underpin any post-conflict agreement, in Syria this will be a complex exercise. Adherence to the UN’s Pinheiro Principles will be critical.},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Clutterbuck, Martin},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {66--68},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Forced displacement and behavioral change: an empirical study of returnee households in the Nuba Mountains.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abdel-Rahim, A.; Jaimovich, D.; and Ylönen, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Defence and Peace Economics, 29(2): 190–220. February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Forced$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{abdel-rahim_forced_2018,\n\ttitle = {Forced displacement and behavioral change: an empirical study of returnee households in the {Nuba} {Mountains}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {1024-2694},\n\tshorttitle = {Forced displacement and behavioral change},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2015.1095515},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/10242694.2015.1095515},\n\tabstract = {We use a unique data-set gathered during a short-lived interwar period in the Nuba Mountains of Sudan to compare characteristics of the households returning after the conflict with those that stayed in their communities of origin. We found that returning households seemed to face worse economic conditions, particularly in the case of female-headed returnee households. Nevertheless, our results show that returnees tend to perform better on different health indicators. Using a detailed set of variables about hygiene and sanitary habits, we explore the hypothesis that the latter result may be related to changes in attitudes given the distinct experiences during displacement. We show that returnees are indeed more likely to adopt these measures.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Defence and Peace Economics},\n\tauthor = {Abdel-Rahim, Asha and Jaimovich, Dany and Ylönen, Aleksi},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Africa, Behavioral change, Conflict, Forced displacement, Gender, Nuba Mountains, O12, O15, O55, Q15, Sudan},\n\tpages = {190--220},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Picking Up the Pieces: Realities of return and reintegration in North-East Syria.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n IMPACT Initiatives\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report November 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Picking$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{impact_initiatives_picking_2018,\n\ttitle = {Picking {Up} the {Pieces}: {Realities} of return and reintegration in {North}-{East} {Syria}},\n\tshorttitle = {Picking {Up} the {Pieces}},\n\turl = {https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/picking-pieces-realities-return-and-reintegration-north-east-syria},\n\tabstract = {Without improved conditions, legal frameworks to ensure returnees’ rights, and humanitarian access to areas of return; conditions for dignified returns are not in place. Hence, overall, returns of persons displaced by the Syrian conflict are neither promoted nor facilitated by the humanitarian community. However, in January to June 2018, it was estimated that 744,990 IDPs and 15,714 refugees returned to their areas of origin in Syria. In North-east Syria, 136,188 returns in Raqqa governorate and 18,702 in Hasakeh governorate were reported in January to June 2018. A majority of displaced Syrians who have returned were internally displaced persons (IDPs) from camps or nearby areas within their governorate of origin; rather than returning from other governorates in Syria or from neighbouring countries. Meanwhile, many Syrians remain displaced and it is suggested that the loss of the power of the so-called Islamic State of the Levant’s (ISIL) alone, without a broader political settlement, will not lead to widespread refugee returns. While acknowledging that a majority of displaced Syrians have not returned - an improved understanding of the return and reintegration process can be instrumental to, eventually, facilitating durable solutions for displaced populations in the longer term. The objectives of this research were:\n\n• To understand the returnee populations’ push and pull factors in decisions to return.\n\n• To explore returnees’ preparations and journey of return.\n\n• To assess returnees’ progress towards reintegration according to the IASC criteria of durable solutions.\n\nData collection was conducted in July and August 2018, with a geographical focus on areas under self-administration in Hasakeh and Raqqa governorates, north-east Syria (NES). The study focused on households living in urban areas only and did not cover households living in IDP camps. Four population groups were included in the study; Syrian refugee returnees, Syrian IDP returnees, Syrian IDPs and non-displaced Syrians. All data collection activities used purposive sampling, which consisted of (i) 813 household surveys covering all four population groups, (ii) 31 focus group discussions (FGDs) with returnees and IDPs, (iii) eight life stories with returnees and IDPs and (iv) six key informant interviews. Although the respective contexts in Hasakeh and Raqqa governorates are distinct, this study focused on comparisons across population groups (rather than geographical area), though relevant differences in governorates were highlighted. As survey respondents were selected using purposive sampling, findings could not be tested for statistical significance and results are indicative only.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tauthor = {{IMPACT Initiatives}},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n Without improved conditions, legal frameworks to ensure returnees’ rights, and humanitarian access to areas of return; conditions for dignified returns are not in place. Hence, overall, returns of persons displaced by the Syrian conflict are neither promoted nor facilitated by the humanitarian community. However, in January to June 2018, it was estimated that 744,990 IDPs and 15,714 refugees returned to their areas of origin in Syria. In North-east Syria, 136,188 returns in Raqqa governorate and 18,702 in Hasakeh governorate were reported in January to June 2018. A majority of displaced Syrians who have returned were internally displaced persons (IDPs) from camps or nearby areas within their governorate of origin; rather than returning from other governorates in Syria or from neighbouring countries. Meanwhile, many Syrians remain displaced and it is suggested that the loss of the power of the so-called Islamic State of the Levant’s (ISIL) alone, without a broader political settlement, will not lead to widespread refugee returns. While acknowledging that a majority of displaced Syrians have not returned - an improved understanding of the return and reintegration process can be instrumental to, eventually, facilitating durable solutions for displaced populations in the longer term. The objectives of this research were: • To understand the returnee populations’ push and pull factors in decisions to return. • To explore returnees’ preparations and journey of return. • To assess returnees’ progress towards reintegration according to the IASC criteria of durable solutions. Data collection was conducted in July and August 2018, with a geographical focus on areas under self-administration in Hasakeh and Raqqa governorates, north-east Syria (NES). The study focused on households living in urban areas only and did not cover households living in IDP camps. Four population groups were included in the study; Syrian refugee returnees, Syrian IDP returnees, Syrian IDPs and non-displaced Syrians. All data collection activities used purposive sampling, which consisted of (i) 813 household surveys covering all four population groups, (ii) 31 focus group discussions (FGDs) with returnees and IDPs, (iii) eight life stories with returnees and IDPs and (iv) six key informant interviews. Although the respective contexts in Hasakeh and Raqqa governorates are distinct, this study focused on comparisons across population groups (rather than geographical area), though relevant differences in governorates were highlighted. As survey respondents were selected using purposive sampling, findings could not be tested for statistical significance and results are indicative only.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Syria's Spontaneous Returns.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Samuel Hall\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Syria's$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{samuel_hall_syrias_2018,\n\ttitle = {Syria's {Spontaneous} {Returns}},\n\turl = {https://www.samuelhall.org/publications/syrias-spontaneous-returns?rq=spontaneous%20returns},\n\tabstract = {This study seeks to provide an analysis of the current returns to Syria. The ongoing armed conflict in Syria has displaced millions of people inside and outside the country sparking an international humanitarian crisis. Since 2011, over 6 million Syrians have sought asylum outside Syria’s borders, and an additional 6.5 million people displaced internally. There is no clear picture of the number or conditions in places of return. This research contributes to filling this gap. Returns to Syria should neither be promoted nor facilitated, as the focus must remain on investing in the preservation, and expansion, of protection space in host countries.},\n\tauthor = {{Samuel Hall}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Perspectives on the return of Syrian refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vignal, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 57, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Perspectives$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{vignal_perspectives_2018,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\ttitle = {Perspectives on the return of {Syrian} refugees},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/vignal},\n\tabstract = {There are many reasons why discussions about the imminent return of large numbers of Syrian refugees are premature.},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Vignal, Leïla},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {69--71},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n When is return voluntary? Conditions of asylum in Lebanon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Keith, A.; and Shawaf, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 57, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"When$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{keith_when_2018,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\ttitle = {When is return voluntary? {Conditions} of asylum in {Lebanon}},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/keith-shawaf},\n\tabstract = {The decision of Syrian refugees in Lebanon to return to Syria must not be based on a\ndeteriorating quality of asylum that creates physical, social and material pressures on\ndecisions to return.},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Keith, Amy and Shawaf, Nour},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {62--63},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The economic effects of refugee return.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dadush, U.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economics Discussion Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, 2018-22. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{dadush_economic_2018,\n\ttitle = {The economic effects of refugee return},\n\tvolume = {2018-22},\n\tissn = {1864-6042},\n\turl = {http://www.economics-ejournal.org/economics/journalarticles/2018-33},\n\tdoi = {10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-33},\n\tabstract = {The recent surge in the number of forcibly displaced persons who cross international borders in search of protection has prompted interest in evaluating policies that achieve the possible “end points” of the phenomenon. As envisaged by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), these are the integration of the forcibly displaced persons in the country of destination, relocation in a third country, and return to the country of origin. The focus of this brief is on the third aspect, namely the appropriate conduct of return policy viewed from the perspective of the host country and, although the vast majority of forcibly displaced people are found in developing countries, the object here are policies in advanced countries.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Economics Discussion Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy},\n\tauthor = {Dadush, Uri},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Surviving Firms of the Syrian Arab Republic.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Salmon, K.; Assaf, N.; and Francis, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report World Bank, Washington, D.C., April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Surviving$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{salmon_surviving_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Surviving {Firms} of the {Syrian} {Arab} {Republic}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},\n\turl = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29610},\n\tabstract = {This paper details the results from the\n            first comprehensive survey of private firms across major\n            urban areas in the Syrian Arab Republic -- including Aleppo,\n            Homs, Hama, Latakia, and Damascus -- since the conflict\n            began in 2011. This builds on the World Bank's\n            Enterprise Survey from 2009 and attempts to survey each of\n            the 508 firms from 2009 again. The survey highlights the\n            major challenges facing firms in Syria today, such as access\n            to electricity, fuel, and water. Yet, loss of workers,\n            managers, and supply chain relationships are also notably\n            severe.  Rebuilding the social and human capital of Syria\n            may be even more difficult than the bricks and mortar. The\n            paper also identifies the ways firms have been affected in\n            their prices, sales, supply chains, taxation, and costs as\n            well as how they have adapted in financing and employment.\n            These constraints and impacts are also analyzed at the\n            subnational level and across sectors. Firms in Aleppo stand\n            out for their uniquely difficult challenges and responses\n            that are sometimes at odds with the rest of the country.\n            Finally, the paper analyzes firm exit from 2009 to 2017 and\n            finds that higher productivity firms from 2009 were more\n            likely to survive, except in Aleppo where the reverse holds.\n            The paper hypothesizes that productive firms facing the\n            particularly severe destruction in Aleppo may have made a\n            different calculation compared with productive firms\n            elsewhere: to use their capabilities to leave rather than to\n            use their capabilities to weather the storm.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Salmon, Kinley and Assaf, Nabila and Francis, David},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tdoi = {10.1596/1813-9450-8397},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n How migration to Europe affects those left behind.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Passey, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 57, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, February 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"How$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{passey_how_2018,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\ttitle = {How migration to {Europe} affects those left behind},\n\turl = {https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/passey},\n\tnumber = {57},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Passey, Megan},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {35--37},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Wages of War: Learning from How Syrians Have Adapted their Livelihoods Through Seven Years of Conflict.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Howe, K.; Krystalli, R.; Krishnan, V.; Kurtz, J.; and Macaranas, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Mercy Corps, Washington, D.C., 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{howe_wages_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {The {Wages} of {War}: {Learning} from {How} {Syrians} {Have} {Adapted} their {Livelihoods} {Through} {Seven} {Years} of {Conflict}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Wages} of {War}},\n\turl = {https://www.alnap.org/help-library/the-wages-of-war-learning-from-how-syrians-have-adapted-their-livelihoods-through-seven},\n\tabstract = {The scale of death and suffering in Syria is monumental. What began as a peaceful protest in 2011 has spiraled into a humanitarian crisis unprecedented for our modern times: The war has killed as many as 400,000 Syrians and displaced 11 million more. Humanitarian needs remain enormous as the conflict wages on. The U.N. estimates that 8 in 10 people in Syria—including 6 million children—require humanitarian assistance. The crisis has set Syria’s development back nearly four decades.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Mercy Corps},\n\tauthor = {Howe, K. and Krystalli, R. and Krishnan, V. and Kurtz, J. and Macaranas, R.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Global Study on Smuggling of Migrants 2018.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n United Nations Office on Drugs; and (UNODC), C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2018.\n Sales No. E.18.IV.9\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Global$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{united_nations_office_on_drugs_and_crime_unodc_global_2018,\n\ttitle = {Global {Study} on {Smuggling} of {Migrants} 2018},\n\turl = {//www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/glosom.html},\n\tabstract = {The first UNODC Global Study on Smuggling of Migrants shows that migrant smuggling routes affect every part of the world. The study is based on an extensive review of existing data and literature. It presents detailed information about key smuggling routes, such as the magnitude, the profiles of smugglers and smuggled migrants, the modus operandi of smugglers and the risks that smuggled migrants face. It shows that smugglers use land, air and sea routes - and combinations of those - in their quest to profit from people's desire to improve their lives. Smugglers also expose migrants to a range of risks; violence, theft, exploitation, sexual violence, kidnapping and even death along many routes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tauthor = {{United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)}},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Sales No. E.18.IV.9},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Motivation and opportunity for conflict-induced migration: An analysis of Syrian migration timing:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schon, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peace Research. December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Motivation$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{schon_motivation_2018,\n\ttitle = {Motivation and opportunity for conflict-induced migration: {An} analysis of {Syrian} migration timing:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2018},\n\tshorttitle = {Motivation and opportunity for conflict-induced migration},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318806044},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318806044},\n\tabstract = {How do civilians decide when to leave their homes during conflict? Existing research emphasizes the role of violence in driving civilian migration decisions. Ye...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Schon, Justin},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Conflict-induced migration, Migration, Syria},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The risk and refugee migration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bocquého, G.; Deschamps, M.; Helstroffer, J.; Jacob, J.; and Joxhe, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2018-10, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{bocqueho_risk_2018,\n\ttitle = {The risk and refugee migration},\n\turl = {http://www.beta-umr7522.fr/productions/publications/2018/2018-16.pdf},\n\tabstract = {This paper uses the experimental setup of Tanaka et al. (2010) to measure refugees’ risk preferences. A sample of 206 asylum seekers was interviewed in 2017-18 in Luxembourg. Contrary to studies which focus on risk aversion in general, we analyze its components using a cumulative prospect theory (CPT) frame-work. We show that refugees exhibit particularly low levels of risk aversion compared to other populations and that CPT provides a better fit for modelling risk attitudes. Moreover, we include randomised temporary treatments provoking emotions and find a small significant impact on probability distortion. Robustness of the Tanaka et al. (2010)experimental framework is confirmed by including treatments regarding the embedding effect. Finally, we propose a theoretical model of refugee migration that integrates the insights from our experimental outcomes regarding the functional form of refugees’ decision under risk and the estimated parameter values.The model is then simulated using the data from our study},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2018-10},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tauthor = {Bocquého, Géraldine and Deschamps, Marc and Helstroffer, Jenny and Jacob, Julien and Joxhe, Majlinda},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Refugee migration, cumulative prospect theory, experimental economics, psychological priming, risk preferences},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Risk Preferences and the Decision to Flee Conflict.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ceriani, L.; and Verme, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report No. 8376, World Bank, Washington, D.C., March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Risk$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{ceriani_risk_2018,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\ttitle = {Risk {Preferences} and the {Decision} to {Flee} {Conflict}},\n\turl = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/111191522076481536/risk-preferences-and-the-decision-to-flee-conflict},\n\tabstract = {Despite the growing numbers of forcibly displaced persons worldwide, many people living under conflict choose\nnot to flee. Individuals face two lotteries—staying or\nleaving—characterized by two distributions of potential outcomes. This paper proposes to model the choice\nbetween these two lotteries using quantile maximization\nas opposed to expected utility theory. The paper posits that\nrisk-averse individuals aim at minimizing losses by choosing the lottery with the best outcome at the lower end of\nthe distribution, whereas risk-tolerant individuals aim at\nmaximizing gains by choosing the lottery with the best\noutcome at the higher end of the distribution. Using a rich\nset of household and conflict panel data from Nigeria, the\npaper finds that risk-tolerant individuals have a significant\npreference for staying and risk-averse individuals have a\nsignificant preference for fleeing, in line with the predictions of the quantile maximization model. These findings\nare contrary to findings on economic migrants, and call\nfor separate policies toward economic and forced migrants.},\n\tnumber = {No. 8376},\n\tinstitution = {World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Ceriani, Lidia and Verme, Paolo},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Identifying the Factors Driving West African Migration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kirwin, M.; and Anderson, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n OECD Publishing, (17). July 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Identifying$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{kirwin_identifying_2018,\n\tseries = {West {African} {Papers}},\n\ttitle = {Identifying the {Factors} {Driving} {West} {African} {Migration}},\n\turl = {https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/identifying-the-factors-driving-west-african-migration_eb3b2806-en},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1787/eb3b2806-en},\n\tabstract = {Since 2014 over 600 000 African migrants have arrived in Italy through the perilous Central Mediterranean route, and nearly 120 000 arrived in 2017. This paper is the first examination of migration motivations at the individual level using nationally representative surveys and focus group data collected in West Africa. Respondents in six West African countries cite economic factors as the reason for migrating and those who wish to stay claim family and love of country as the ties that bind. The study then specifically focuses on Nigeria, the country of origin for a quarter of all Africans traveling through the Central Mediterranean route. Half of the Nigerians were interested in leaving their country of origin if given the opportunity, well above the number in neighbouring countries. Evidence from the six-country survey suggests individuals are migrating for economic reasons but statistical analysis of the Nigeria data reveals a different set of push factors behind the desire to migrate. In fact, economic standing has a limited effect on Nigerians’ desire to leave their home. Instead, individual perceptions of the strength of Nigeria’s democracy are most strongly associated with Nigerians’ desire to migrate abroad, in addition to low levels of trust in local security institutions. Urban and more highly educated Nigerians, especially from Lagos, are also more likely to want to migrate abroad. These findings shed new light on domestic policy steps that could address the grievances and concerns of those who seek to migrate.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {17},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {OECD Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Kirwin, Matthew and Anderson, Jessica},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Darfuri migration from Sudan to Europe: from displacement to despair.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jaspars, S.; and Buchanan-Smith, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Research and Evidence Facility (REF) and Overseas Development Institute (ODI), September 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Darfuri$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{jaspars_darfuri_2018,\n\ttitle = {Darfuri migration from {Sudan} to {Europe}: from displacement to despair},\n\tshorttitle = {Darfuri migration from {Sudan} to {Europe}},\n\turl = {https://www.odi.org/publications/11186-darfuri-migration-sudan-europe-displacement-despair},\n\tabstract = {ignificant numbers of Sudanese, many from Darfur, have made the journey from Sudan to Europe in search of safety and a better life. While there has been significant interest in Sudan as a transit country for migration from Africa to Europe, little attention has been paid to Sudan as a source of migrants and refugees. Yet the Sudanese were the fifth, sixth and seventh largest categories of migrants and refugees arriving in Italy in 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively.\n\nThis study documents for the first time the experiences of young Darfuris fleeing Sudan for Europe. It aims to deepen understanding of the trends, drivers and causes of migration and displacement from Darfur.\n\nWith fieldwork in Darfur, Khartoum, Italy, France, Belgium and the UK, the study follows the entire migrant journey. It takes account of historical patterns of migration and the political and economic context in Sudan and Darfur to understand the causes of migration, the journeys that Darfuris make and their experiences along the journey and at their destination, as well as the many influences on migration strategies and decision-making. The report also explores the impact of migration to Europe on families and communities left behind, and on the wider political economy of Darfur.\n\nThis study was jointly led by researchers from SOAS University of London and HPG. The partners in Sudan were CEDEJ-Khartoum, the Faculty of Economic and Social Studies, University of Khartoum and Oxfam Sudan.  It was jointly funded by the EUTF Trust Fund for Africa’s Research and Evidence Facility and the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Department for Stabilisation and Humanitarian Aid, with in kind resources from Oxfam Sudan.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tinstitution = {Research and Evidence Facility (REF) and Overseas Development Institute (ODI)},\n\tauthor = {Jaspars, Susanne and Buchanan-Smith, Margie},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Darfur, Displacement, IDPs, Migration, Migration to Europe, Sudan},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2017\n \n \n (11)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Asylum applications respond to temperature fluctuations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Missirian, A.; and Schlenker, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, 358(6370): 1610–1614. December 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Asylum$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{missirian_asylum_2017,\n\ttitle = {Asylum applications respond to temperature fluctuations},\n\tvolume = {358},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. http://www.sciencemag.org/about/science-licenses-journal-article-reuseThis is an article distributed under the terms of the Science Journals Default License.},\n\tissn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},\n\turl = {https://science.sciencemag.org/content/358/6370/1610},\n\tdoi = {10.1126/science.aao0432},\n\tabstract = {Warming stresses developing countries\nWeather-induced conflicts in developing countries spill over to developed countries through asylum applications. One approach to estimating the future impacts of climate change is to look at the effects of weather fluctuations. These transient shocks can be interpreted analytically as randomly distributed treatments applied to countries around the world. Missirian and Schlenker analyzed the relation between these localized shocks to agriculture and applications by that country's migrants for asylum in the European Union. When temperatures in the source country deviated from a moderate optimum around 20°C that is best for agriculture, asylum applications increased. Thus, the net forecast is for asylum applications to increase as global temperatures rise.\nScience, this issue p. 1610\nThe number of migrants seeking asylum in the European Union will increase as the climate warms.\nThe number of migrants seeking asylum in the European Union will increase as the climate warms.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6370},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tjournal = {Science},\n\tauthor = {Missirian, Anouch and Schlenker, Wolfram},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpmid = {29269476},\n\tkeywords = {Afghanistan, Climate Change and Forced Migration, Climate change, Iraq, Refugees, Syria},\n\tpages = {1610--1614},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Wage Impact of the Marielitos: A Reappraisal:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Borjas, G. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ILR Review. February 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{borjas_wage_2017,\n\ttitle = {The {Wage} {Impact} of the {Marielitos}: {A} {Reappraisal}:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2017},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Wage} {Impact} of the {Marielitos}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0019793917692945},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0019793917692945},\n\tabstract = {This article brings a new perspective to the analysis of the wage effects of the Mariel boatlift crisis, in which an estimated 125,000 Cuban refugees migrated t...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {ILR Review},\n\tauthor = {Borjas, George J.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Refugees in Towns Case Study: Syrian Refugees in Tripoli, Lebanon – The Tripoli Project.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ismail, K.; Wilson, C.; and Cohen-Fournier, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, March 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Refugees$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{ismail_refugees_2017,\n\ttitle = {Refugees in {Towns} {Case} {Study}: {Syrian} {Refugees} in {Tripoli}, {Lebanon} – {The} {Tripoli} {Project}},\n\tshorttitle = {Refugees in {Towns} {Case} {Study}},\n\turl = {https://sites.tufts.edu/tripoliproject/rit-case-study/},\n\tabstract = {With\tthe\tgoal\tof\tunderstanding\timmigrant\tintegration,\tthe\tRefugees\tin\tTowns\t(RIT)\tproject,\tbased\tat\t\nthe\tFeinstein\tInternational\tCenter\tat\tTufts\tUniversity,seeks\tto\texplore\tthe\tdual\texperience\tof\trefugees\t\nand\tthe\ttowns\tinto\twhich\tthey\tmove,\tfrom\tthe\tperspective\tof\tboth\tthe\trefugees\tand\tthe\ttown.\tWhen\t\nrefugees\tmove\tinto\tand\tsettle\tin\ta\ttown\tthey\tchange\tthe\tfabric\tof\tsocial,\tpolitical,\tcultural\tand\t\neconomic\trelations,\tand\tthis\tfabric\tof\trelations\tsimilarly\tinfluences\tthe\trefugees’\texperience.\tThe\tRIT\t\nproject\texplores\tthis\tco-evolving\tprocess\tof\trefugee\tintegration\tand\turban\tdevelopment\tby\tfocusing\t\non\tthe\t‘ground-up’\texperience\tof\thosting\tcommunities\tin\ttowns\tor\tneighborhoods\twithin\tlarge\tcities.\t\nThrough\ta\tseries\tof\tcases\tstudies,\tthe\tproject\tdocuments\turban\tchanges (i.e.\tthe\timpact\ton\t\nhouseholds\tand\tcommunities,\ton\turban\tservice\tand\tsystems, and\ton\turban\tgovernance),\tand\tthe\t\nexperience\tof\tthe\trefugees\tthemselves—whether\tand\twhy\tthey\thave\tthrived\tor\tstruggled—with\tthe\t\ngoal\tof\tbuilding\ta\ttheory\tof\tintegration\tbased\ton\tthe\trelationships\tbetween\trefugees\tand\ttheir\thost\t\ncommunities.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2020-08-06},\n\tinstitution = {Feinstein International Center, Tufts University},\n\tauthor = {Ismail, Khaled and Wilson, Claire and Cohen-Fournier, Nathan},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breaking the Impasse: Reducing Protracted Internal Displacement as a Collective Outcome.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kälin, W.; and Chapuisat, H. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report OCHA, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breaking$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{kalin_breaking_2017,\n\ttitle = {Breaking the {Impasse}: {Reducing} {Protracted} {Internal} {Displacement} as a {Collective} {Outcome}},\n\turl = {https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/Breaking-the-impasse.pdf},\n\tabstract = {The global number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has reached an all-time high, as an increasing number of IDPs remain displaced for years or even decades. In 2014, more than 50 countries were reported to have people living in internal displacement for more than 10 years. As illustrated in the five country case studies informing this report (Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the Philippines, Somalia and Ukraine), a rapidly resolved internal displacement crisis where IDPs find durable solutions—sustainable return, local integration or relocation—has become a rare exception.},\n\tinstitution = {OCHA},\n\tauthor = {Kälin, Walter and Chapuisat, Hannah Entwisle},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Colombia, IDPs, Protracted Internal Displacement, Somalia, The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), The Philippines, Ukraine, internally displaced persons},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thrive or Survive? Explaining Variation in Economic Outcomes for Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Betts, A.; Omata, N.; and Bloom, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal on Migration and Human Security, 5(4): 716–743. December 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thrive$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{betts_thrive_2017,\n\ttitle = {Thrive or {Survive}? {Explaining} {Variation} in {Economic} {Outcomes} for {Refugees}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2331-5024},\n\tshorttitle = {Thrive or {Survive}?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500401},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/233150241700500401},\n\tabstract = {In the context of protracted refugee situations, there has been a revival in concern among policymakers to transcend the so-called humanitarian-development divide and create greater opportunities for self-reliance. Yet, these discussions too often neglect an analytical focus on refugees' own economic lives, and their own interactions with markets. Despite a growing literature on the economic lives of refugees, much of that work has lacked theory or data. The work that has been quantitative has generally focused on the economic impact of refugees on host countries rather than explaining variation in economic outcomes for refugees., In order to explain variation in economic outcomes for refugees, this paper asks three questions about the economic lives of refugees: 1) what makes the economic lives of refugees distinctive from other populations; 2) what explains variation in refugees' income levels; and 3) what role does entrepreneurship play in shaping refugees' economic outcomes? In order to answer these questions, the paper draws upon extensive qualitative and quantitative research conducted in Uganda by the Humanitarian Innovation Project at Oxford University. The quantitative data set is based on a survey of 2,213 refugees in three types of contexts: urban (Kampala), protracted camps (Nakivale and Kyangwali settlements), and emergency camps (Rwamwanja). It supplements this with qualitative research from other parts of Africa and the Middle East., The economic lives of refugees are argued to be distinctive not because refugees are any different qua human beings but because they often occupy a distinctive institutional space. Following new institutional economics, the paper argues that “refugee economies” represent a distinctive analytical space insofar as refugees face different formal and informal institutional barriers and distortions in their economic lives compared to nationals or other migrants., Even within the same country, refugees exhibit significant variation in their economic outcomes, most notably in their income levels. A number of variables are significant in explaining this variation. These include: regulatory context, education, occupation, social networks, gender, and the number of years spent in exile., Entrepreneurship is an important explanation for “outliers” within the refugee community, explaining why some refugees have significantly higher incomes. However, refugees also often play a wider role within the community, creating opportunities for others. Furthermore, a significant part of refugee entrepreneurship is social rather than simply for-profit., In order to enhance opportunities for greater refugee self-reliance, policymakers need to develop a better understanding of the transnational, national, and local markets within which refugees participate. Instead of engaging in top-down interventions, enabling environments should be created that enable autonomous, community-led initiatives to flourish.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Journal on Migration and Human Security},\n\tauthor = {Betts, Alexander and Omata, Naohiko and Bloom, Louise},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {716--743},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n

\n In the context of protracted refugee situations, there has been a revival in concern among policymakers to transcend the so-called humanitarian-development divide and create greater opportunities for self-reliance. Yet, these discussions too often neglect an analytical focus on refugees' own economic lives, and their own interactions with markets. Despite a growing literature on the economic lives of refugees, much of that work has lacked theory or data. The work that has been quantitative has generally focused on the economic impact of refugees on host countries rather than explaining variation in economic outcomes for refugees., In order to explain variation in economic outcomes for refugees, this paper asks three questions about the economic lives of refugees: 1) what makes the economic lives of refugees distinctive from other populations; 2) what explains variation in refugees' income levels; and 3) what role does entrepreneurship play in shaping refugees' economic outcomes? In order to answer these questions, the paper draws upon extensive qualitative and quantitative research conducted in Uganda by the Humanitarian Innovation Project at Oxford University. The quantitative data set is based on a survey of 2,213 refugees in three types of contexts: urban (Kampala), protracted camps (Nakivale and Kyangwali settlements), and emergency camps (Rwamwanja). It supplements this with qualitative research from other parts of Africa and the Middle East., The economic lives of refugees are argued to be distinctive not because refugees are any different qua human beings but because they often occupy a distinctive institutional space. Following new institutional economics, the paper argues that “refugee economies” represent a distinctive analytical space insofar as refugees face different formal and informal institutional barriers and distortions in their economic lives compared to nationals or other migrants., Even within the same country, refugees exhibit significant variation in their economic outcomes, most notably in their income levels. A number of variables are significant in explaining this variation. These include: regulatory context, education, occupation, social networks, gender, and the number of years spent in exile., Entrepreneurship is an important explanation for “outliers” within the refugee community, explaining why some refugees have significantly higher incomes. However, refugees also often play a wider role within the community, creating opportunities for others. Furthermore, a significant part of refugee entrepreneurship is social rather than simply for-profit., In order to enhance opportunities for greater refugee self-reliance, policymakers need to develop a better understanding of the transnational, national, and local markets within which refugees participate. Instead of engaging in top-down interventions, enabling environments should be created that enable autonomous, community-led initiatives to flourish.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sittwe Camp Profiling Report.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Danish Refugee Council (DRC); Nations, U.; and High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Sittwe$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{danish_refugee_council_drc_and_united_nations_sittwe_2017,\n\ttitle = {Sittwe {Camp} {Profiling} {Report}},\n\turl = {https://www.jips.org/jips-publication/profiling-report-sittwe-rakhine-myanmar-2017/},\n\tabstract = {Rakhine State, located in western Myanmar, is\nhome to roughly 3.2 million people. Compared\nto the rest of the country, Rakhine State is\nrelatively underdeveloped. The majority of the\npopulation are Buddhists from the Rakhine\nethnic group; in addition, nearly three in ten\npeople are Muslim.\nIn 2012, two waves of inter-communal violence\nbetween Buddhist Rakhine and Muslims in\nRakhine State left dozens dead and tens of\nthousands of people displaced. As of the\nbeginning of 2017, about 121,000 people\nremain displaced, most of whom live in Sittwe\nTownship.\nTo reduce the chances of further violence, the\nGovernment segregated the two communities\nin Sittwe Township in 2012, and cordoned off a\nrural area on the outskirts of Sittwe for Muslims\nwho were displaced. Movement restrictions\nfor these internally displaced people remain\nin place as of June 2017. Meanwhile, many\nRakhine who were displaced were settled in\nfour camps in Sittwe Town. In 2015, these sites\nwere either relocated, or their residents were\nlocally integrated and provided with housing.\nIn order to obtain more detailed information\non this displacement situation, the Camp\nCoordination and Camp Management Cluster\n(CCCM), the Danish Refugee Council (DRC),\nand the United Nations High Commissioner\nfor Refugees (UNHCR) conducted a profiling\nexercise on internally displaced persons in\nSittwe, with the support of the Rakhine State\nGovernment.},\n\tauthor = {{Danish Refugee Council (DRC) and United Nations} and {High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)}},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Local Integration as a Durable Solution? The Case of Rwandan Refugees in Uganda.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ahimbisibwe, F.; Ingelaere, B.; and Vancluysen, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2017-02, IOB Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Local$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{ahimbisibwe_local_2017,\n\ttitle = {Local {Integration} as a {Durable} {Solution}? {The} {Case} of {Rwandan} {Refugees} in {Uganda}},\n\turl = {https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/research-groups/iob/publications/discussion-papers/dp-2017/dp-201702/},\n\tabstract = {Despite multiple attempts over the last 15 years, Uganda has been unable to find a durable solution for a group of approximately 17,000 Rwandan refugees living on its soil. The cessation of their refugee status has been repeatedly postponed and is about to come into effect at the end of December 2017. If invoked, Rwandan refugees will become illegal immigrants under Ugandan law and can face deportation. This paper argues instead that a policy facilitating local integration in the host country, even if not perfect, offers the best outlook for many Rwandan refugees currently residing in Uganda. In addition, taking into account the voices of these Rwandan refugees themselves, the paper analyses which obstacles still need to be overcome before local integration can be a real durable solution. Two suggestions are made. First, it is needed to move towards a situation of inclusive development for both refugee and host populations in order to guarantee socio-economic integration and avoid potential xenophobia and resentment. Second, Uganda’s conflicting laws need to be addressed in order for refugees to acquire citizenship, an essential dimension of local integration as a durable solution.},\n\tnumber = {2017-02},\n\tinstitution = {IOB Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp},\n\tauthor = {Ahimbisibwe, Frank and Ingelaere, Bert and Vancluysen, Sarah},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Local integration, Refugees, Rwandan refugees, Uganda},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The refugee wave to Germany and its impact on crime.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dehos, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 737, December 2017.\n OCLC: 1074499118\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{dehos_refugee_2017,\n\ttitle = {The refugee wave to {Germany} and its impact on crime},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4419/86788857},\n\tabstract = {Does refugee migration cause crime? I address this question drawing on recent refugee\nmigration to Germany during the years 2010 to 2015. Based on administrative data\nrecords, I add to the literature by disentangling the direct crime impact of asylum seekers\nand recognized refugees separately. For the group of asylum seekers, I exploit dispersal\npolicies and locational restrictions and find no impact on crime except for migrationspecific offenses. For the group of recognized refugees, who may endogenously move,\nI use a shift-share instrument and find a positive association between the share of\nrecognized refugees and the overall crime rate, which is driven by non-violent property\ncrimes and frauds. The empirical results prove robust along several robustness checks\nand are consistent with predictions of the Becker model.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {737},\n\tauthor = {Dehos, Fabian},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {OCLC: 1074499118},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Foreign aid and asylum immigration. Does development matter?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Murat, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 133, RECent Center for Economic Research, December 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Foreign$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{murat_foreign_2017,\n\ttitle = {Foreign aid and asylum immigration. {Does} development matter?},\n\turl = {http://155.185.68.2/campusone/web_dep/Recentpaper/recent-wp133.pdf},\n\tabstract = {This paper tests the influence of aid from rich to developing economies on bilateral asylum\ninflows. Results show that aid effects on asylum applications are significant, but vary with the level\nof development of the recipient country. Aid to poor economies – especially in Sub-Saharan Africa\n– deters asylum inflows, while aid to medium-income developing countries attracts asylum seekers.\nAid leads to negative spillovers on applications across donors. At the same time, foreign aid has no\nincidence on voluntary immigration. Overall, the deterring effects of aid on inflows from poor\ncountries are stronger when transfers are coordinated across donors and are made conditional on\neconomic and institutional improvements in the recipient economy.},\n\tnumber = {133},\n\tinstitution = {RECent Center for Economic Research},\n\tauthor = {Murat, Marina},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Promising Practices in Refugee Education.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Save the Children; UNHCR; and Pearson\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Promising$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{save_the_children_promising_2017,\n\ttitle = {Promising {Practices} in {Refugee} {Education}},\n\turl = {https://www.promisingpractices.online/synthesis-report/},\n\tabstract = {Promising Practices in Refugee Education is a\njoint initiative of Save the Children, the world’s\nlargest independent children’s rights organisation,\nUNHCR, the UN refugee agency, and Pearson,\nthe world’s learning company.\nLaunched in March 2017, the initiative set out to identify, document\nand promote innovative ways to effectively reach refugee children\nand young people with quality educational opportunities.\nThis report synthesises the key findings and lessons learned from\nacross more than twenty projects that were selected as part of the\ninitiative.\nProjects have been grouped under one or more of six themes.\n Equity\n Access\n Learning\n Wellbeing\n Technology\n System Strengthening\nThose projects and the experience of implementing partners\nhave been used to identify ten recommendations, grouped under\nthree overarching pillars, aimed at improving refugee education\npolicy and practice.\nApproaching the immediate crisis with\na long-term perspective:\n1. Strengthen inclusive national systems\n2. Commit to predictable multi-year funding for education\nprogramming and research in refugee responses\n3. Improve collaboration and develop innovative partnerships\nUnderstanding different contexts and meeting distinct needs\n4. Adopt user-centred design and empowering approaches\n5. Establish diverse pathways that meet distinct needs\n6. Use space and infrastructure creatively\nImproving outcomes for all\n7. Support teachers to help ensure quality\n8. Prioritise both learning and well-being\n9. Use technology as an enabling tool in pursuit of education\noutcomes\n10. Build a robust evidence base},\n\tauthor = {{Save the Children} and {UNHCR} and {Pearson}},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Restoring Hope, Rebuilding Futures: A plan of action for delivering universal education for South Sudanese refugees in Uganda.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Save the Children\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Restoring$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{save_the_children_restoring_2017,\n\ttitle = {Restoring {Hope}, {Rebuilding} {Futures}: {A} plan of action for delivering universal education for {South} {Sudanese} refugees in {Uganda}},\n\turl = {https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/library/restoring-hope-rebuilding-futures-plan-action-delivering-universal-education-south-sudanese},\n\tabstract = {South Sudan’s refugee children in Uganda face an education emergency. Uprooted from their homes by famine and violence, over half-a-million have fled across the border into northern Uganda – one of the poorest parts of one of the world’s poorest countries.\n\nThe Ugandan government has responded to the refugee crisis with extraordinary generosity. The same cannot be said of the international community.\n\nDonor governments have funded just 17 percent of the UN appeal for the South Sudan refugee response in Uganda this year. The response to the education emergency which the refugee crisis has precipitated has bordered on derisory. Only a small fraction of the grossly inadequate \\$61.6m appeal for education has been delivered, denying the vast majority of children access to education.\n\nThis report challenges donor governments and international agencies to do better. It sets out a plan of action which, if implemented, could deliver quality universal pre-primary, primary and secondary education for South Sudanese refugee children in Uganda at an average cost of \\$132 million USD a year for three and a half years.},\n\tauthor = {{Save the Children}},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n

\n \n 2016\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Gift of Moving: Intergenerational Consequences of a Mobility Shock.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nakamura, E.; Sigurdsson, J.; and Steinsson, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 22392, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, July 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{nakamura_gift_2016,\n\ttitle = {The {Gift} of {Moving}: {Intergenerational} {Consequences} of a {Mobility} {Shock}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Gift} of {Moving}},\n\turl = {https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/22392.html},\n\tabstract = {We exploit a volcanic “experiment" to study the costs and benefits of geographic mobility. We show that moving costs (broadly defined) are very large and labor therefore does not flow to locations where it earns the highest returns. In our experiment, a third of the houses in a town were covered by lava. People living in these houses were much more likely to move away permanently. For those younger than 25 years old who were induced to move, the “lava shock” dramatically raised lifetime earnings and education. Yet, the benefits of moving were very unequally distributed within the family: Those older than 25 (the parents) were made slightly worse off by the shock. The large gains from moving for the young are surprising in light of the fact that the town affected by our volcanic experiment was (and is) a relatively high income town. We interpret our findings as evidence of the importance of comparative advantage: the gains to moving may be very large for those badly matched to the location they happened to be born in, even if differences in average income are small.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {22392},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tinstitution = {National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc},\n\tauthor = {Nakamura, Emi and Sigurdsson, Jósef and Steinsson, Jón},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2016},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Labor Market Consequences of Refugee Supply Shocks.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Borjas, G. J; and Monras, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 22656, National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{borjas_labor_2016,\n\ttype = {Working {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The {Labor} {Market} {Consequences} of {Refugee} {Supply} {Shocks}},\n\turl = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w22656},\n\tabstract = {The continuing inflow of hundreds of thousands of refugees into many European countries has ignited much political controversy and raised questions that require a fuller understanding of the determinants and consequences of refugee supply shocks. This paper revisits four historical refugee shocks to document their labor market impact. Specifically, we examine: The influx of Marielitos into Miami in 1980; the influx of French repatriates and Algerian nationals into France at the end of the Algerian Independence War in 1962; the influx of Jewish émigrés into Israel after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s; and the exodus of refugees from the former Yugoslavia during the long series of Balkan wars between 1991 and 2001. We use a common empirical approach, derived from factor demand theory, and publicly available data to measure the impact of these shocks. Despite the differences in the political forces that motivated the various flows, and in economic conditions across receiving countries, the evidence reveals a common thread that confirms key insights of the canonical model of a competitive labor market: Exogenous supply shocks adversely affect the labor market opportunities of competing natives in the receiving countries, and often have a favorable impact on complementary workers. In short, refugee flows can have large distributional consequences.},\n\tnumber = {22656},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tinstitution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},\n\tauthor = {Borjas, George J and Monras, Joan},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tdoi = {10.3386/w22656},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n One-sided Violence in Refugee-hosting Areas:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fisk, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Conflict Resolution. July 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"One-sided$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{fisk_one-sided_2016,\n\ttitle = {One-sided {Violence} in {Refugee}-hosting {Areas}:},\n\tcopyright = {© The Author(s) 2016},\n\tshorttitle = {One-sided {Violence} in {Refugee}-hosting {Areas}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022002716656447},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022002716656447},\n\tabstract = {Previous research demonstrates that refugee populations can threaten the security of receiving countries. This study, in contrast, seeks to examine the physical...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-08-05},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},\n\tauthor = {Fisk, Kerstin},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2016},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Exposure to Refugees and Voting for the Far-Right: (Unexpected) Results from Austria.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Steinmayr, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 9790, IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany, March 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Exposure$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@techreport{steinmayr_exposure_2016,\n\taddress = {Bonn, Germany},\n\ttype = {{IZA} {Discussion} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Exposure to {Refugees} and {Voting} for the {Far}-{Right}: ({Unexpected}) {Results} from {Austria}},\n\turl = {http://ftp.iza.org/dp9790.pdf},\n\tabstract = {This paper studies a natural experiment to identify the causal effect of exposure to refugees\nin the neighborhood on the support for far-right, nationalist, anti-immigration parties. In the\nstate elections in an Austrian state in September 2015 the far-right Freedom Party of Austria\n(FPOE) doubled its vote share with a fierce anti-asylum campaign. Since only 42 percent of\ncommunities hosted refugees at the time of the election, exposure to refugees varied at the\nlocal level. To account for the potential endogeneity in the distribution of refugees, I use preexisting group accommodations as instrumental variable. To cope with the sudden inflow of\nlarge numbers of refugees, these buildings were used to accommodate refugees and thus\nstrongly increase the probability of refugee presence in a community. In line with the contact\nhypothesis I find that hosting refugees dampens the overall trend and decreases FPOE\nsupport by 4.42 percentage points. Further analysis using exit poll data reveals a positive\neffect on the optimism in the population that the integration of refugees can be managed.\nPlacebo tests show that there were no effects in elections prior to 2015.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9790},\n\turldate = {2020-08-04},\n\tinstitution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},\n\tauthor = {Steinmayr, Andreas},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2016},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n

\n \n 2015\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Population Exchange and its Impact on Literacy, Occupation and Gender – Evidence from the Partition of India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bharadwaj, P.; Khwaja, A. I.; and Mian, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Migration, 53(4): 90–106. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Population$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bharadwaj_population_2015,\n\ttitle = {Population {Exchange} and its {Impact} on {Literacy}, {Occupation} and {Gender} – {Evidence} from the {Partition} of {India}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tcopyright = {© 2014 The Authors. International Migration © 2014 IOM},\n\tissn = {1468-2435},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/imig.12039},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/imig.12039},\n\tabstract = {How do large scale, involuntary migrations and population exchanges affect sending and receiving communities? We examine the case of the partition of India in which approximately 17 million people moved within four years, resulting in one of the largest and most rapid population exchanges in human history. We find large effects due to the migration on a district's educational, occupational, and gender composition. Due to higher education levels amongst migrants, districts with 10 per cent greater inflows saw their literacy rates increase by 3 percentage points, while a 10 per cent increase in outflows reduced literacy by 1.2 percentage points. Due to disparities in the amount of land vacated by migrants, Indian districts with 10 per cent greater inflows saw a decline of 11 per centin agricultural occupations. Districts that experienced high inflows and outflows also experienced changes in gender composition. While the partition, driven along religious lines, increased religious homogenization within communities, our results suggest that this was accompanied by increased educational and occupational differences within religious groups. We conclude that these compositional effects, in addition to an aggregate population impact, are probably features of involuntary migrations and population exchanges and, as in the case of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, can have important long-term consequences.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {International Migration},\n\tauthor = {Bharadwaj, Prashant and Khwaja, Asim I. and Mian, Atif},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {90--106},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Learning in the Face of Adversity: The UNRWA Education Program for Palestine Refugees.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abdul-Hamid, H.; Patrinos, H.; Reyes, J.; Kelcey, J.; and Varela, A. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n of World Bank StudiesThe World Bank, Washington, D.C., November 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Learning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@book{abdul-hamid_learning_2015,\n\taddress = {Washington, D.C.},\n\tseries = {World {Bank} {Studies}},\n\ttitle = {Learning in the {Face} of {Adversity}: {The} {UNRWA} {Education} {Program} for {Palestine} {Refugees}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4648-0706-0},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0706-0},\n\tabstract = {The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) operates one of the largest nongovernmental school systems in the Middle East. Palestine refugees in UNRWA schools are achieving higher-than-average learning outcomes in spite of the adverse circumstances they live under. This study uses a mixed methods research approach to address the complexity of the research question and its exploratory nature, namely, How do UNRWA schools continually and consistently outperform public schools? This study used the following data collection techniques: econometric techniques to analyze learning achievement data from international and national assessments; the Systems Approach for Better Education Results tools were used to assess different system components, such as teacher effectiveness, school autonomy, and student assessments; Stallings classroom observations provided a structured method to compare teachers' and students' interactions; qualitative data collected through interviews captured the lived experiences of a sample of students. Contrary to what might be expected from a resource-constrained administration serving refugee students who continually face a multitude of adversities, UNRWA students outperform public schools in the three regions-- West Bank and Gaza and Jordan-- by a year's worth of learning. The achievement is a result of the way these schools recruit, prepare, and support teachers; because of instructional practices and pedagogy in the classroom; and because of school leadership, accountability, and mutual support. This has created a distinguished learning community centered on the student. Of note: • UNRWA selects, prepares, and supports its education staff to pursue high learning outcomes. • Time-on-task is high in UNRWA schools, and is used more effectively than in public schools.},\n\turldate = {2020-07-30},\n\tpublisher = {The World Bank},\n\tauthor = {Abdul-Hamid, Husein and Patrinos, Harry and Reyes, Joel and Kelcey, Jo and Varela, Andrea Diaz},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tdoi = {10.1596/978-1-4648-0706-0},\n\tkeywords = {Adversity, Education, Education interventions, Palestine, Refugees},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n

\n \n 2014\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n German Jewish Émigrés and US Invention.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moser, P.; Voena, A.; and Waldinger, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n American Economic Review, 104(10): 3222–3255. October 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"German$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{moser_german_2014,\n\ttitle = {German {Jewish} Émigrés and {US} {Invention}},\n\tvolume = {104},\n\tissn = {0002-8282},\n\turl = {https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.104.10.3222},\n\tdoi = {10.1257/aer.104.10.3222},\n\tabstract = {Historical accounts suggest that Jewish émigrés from Nazi Germany\nrevolutionized US science. To analyze the émigrés' effects on chemical\ninnovation in the United States, we compare changes in patenting\nby US inventors in research fields of émigrés with fields of other\nGerman chemists. Patenting by US inventors increased by 31 percent\nin émigré fields. Regressions which instrument for émigré fields with\npre-1933 fields of dismissed German chemists confirm a substantial\nincrease in US invention. Inventor-level data indicate that émigrés\nencouraged innovation by attracting new researchers to their fields,\nrather than by increasing the productivity of incumbent inventors.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {American Economic Review},\n\tauthor = {Moser, Petra and Voena, Alessandra and Waldinger, Fabian},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Biotechnology, Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S., Canada: 1913-, Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives, Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital, Drugs, Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants, Non-labor Discrimination, Chemicals, Rubber},\n\tpages = {3222--3255},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Immigration and the Diffusion of Technology: The Huguenot Diaspora in Prussia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hornung, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n American Economic Review, 104(1): 84–122. January 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Immigration$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hornung_immigration_2014,\n\ttitle = {Immigration and the {Diffusion} of {Technology}: {The} {Huguenot} {Diaspora} in {Prussia}},\n\tvolume = {104},\n\tissn = {0002-8282},\n\tshorttitle = {Immigration and the {Diffusion} of {Technology}},\n\turl = {https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.104.1.84},\n\tdoi = {10.1257/aer.104.1.84},\n\tabstract = {This paper analyzes long-term effects of skilled-worker immigration\non productivity for the Huguenot migration to Prussia. In 1685,\nreligiously persecuted French Huguenots settled in Brandenburg-\nPrussia and compensated for population losses due to plagues during\nthe Thirty Years' War. We combine Huguenot immigration lists from\n1700 with Prussian firm-level data on the value of inputs and outputs\nin 1802 in a unique database to analyze the effects of skilled immigration\nto places with underused economic potential. Exploiting this\nsettlement pattern in an instrumental-variable approach, we find substantial\nlong-term effects of Huguenot settlement on the productivity\nof textile manufactories.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {American Economic Review},\n\tauthor = {Hornung, Erik},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Aggregate Productivity, Cross-Country Output Convergence, Diffusion Processes, Measurement of Economic Growth, Human Capital, Labor Productivity, Geographic Labor Mobility, Occupational Choice, Skills},\n\tpages = {84--122},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n

\n \n 2013\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Economics of Forced Migration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ruiz, I.; and Vargas-Silva, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Development Studies, 49(6): 772–784. June 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{ruiz_economics_2013,\n\ttitle = {The {Economics} of {Forced} {Migration}},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tissn = {0022-0388},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.777707},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00220388.2013.777707},\n\tabstract = {This article reviews the economics literature on the impacts of forced migration. The literature is divided into two parts: impacts on forced migrants and impacts on host communities. Studies exploring the impact of forced migration due to WWII suggest that the long-term impact is often positive. The literature for developing countries suggests that there are serious consequences of forced migration for those forced to migrate. These consequences range from worse labour market outcomes to less consumption smoothing. The impact on host communities seems to be mixed and there are winners and losers. The article provides suggestions for future research.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Development Studies},\n\tauthor = {Ruiz, Isabel and Vargas-Silva, Carlos},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {772--784},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Economic Integration of Forced Migrants: Evidence for Post-War Germany.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bauer, T. K.; Braun, S.; and Kvasnicka, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Economic Journal, 123(571): 998–1024. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bauer_economic_2013,\n\ttitle = {The {Economic} {Integration} of {Forced} {Migrants}: {Evidence} for {Post}-{War} {Germany}},\n\tvolume = {123},\n\tcopyright = {© 2013 The Author(s). The Economic Journal © 2013 Royal Economic Society},\n\tissn = {1468-0297},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Economic} {Integration} of {Forced} {Migrants}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ecoj.12023},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/ecoj.12023},\n\tabstract = {The flight and expulsion of Germans from Eastern Europe after World War II constitutes one of the largest forced population movements in history. We analyse the economic integration of these migrants and their offspring in West Germany. A quarter century after displacement, first-generation migrants still tend to fare worse economically. Displaced agricultural workers, however, exhibit higher incomes than comparable natives, as displacement caused large-scale transitions out of low-paid agriculture. Differences in economic outcomes of second-generation migrants resemble those of the first generation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {571},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {The Economic Journal},\n\tauthor = {Bauer, Thomas K. and Braun, Sebastian and Kvasnicka, Michael},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {998--1024},\n}\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n

\n \n 2001\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Knowledge management in organizations: examining the interaction between technologies, techniques, and people.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhatt, G. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Knowledge Management, 5(1): 68–75. January 2001.\n Publisher: MCB UP Ltd\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Knowledge$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{bhatt_knowledge_2001,\n\ttitle = {Knowledge management in organizations: examining the interaction between technologies, techniques, and people},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {1367-3270},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270110384419},\n\tdoi = {10.1108/13673270110384419},\n\tabstract = {Argues that the knowledge management process can be categorized into knowledge creation, knowledge validation, knowledge presentation, knowledge distribution, and knowledge application activities. To capitalize on knowledge, an organization must be swift in balancing its knowledge management activities. In general, such a balancing act requires changes in organizational culture, technologies, and techniques. A number of organizations believe that by focusing exclusively on people, technologies, or techniques, they can manage knowledge. However, that exclusive focus on people, technologies, or techniques does not enable a firm to sustain its competitive advantages. It is, rather, the interaction between technology, techniques, and people that allow an organization to manage its knowledge effectively. By creating a nurturing and “learning‐by‐doing” kind of environment, an organization can sustain its competitive advantages.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2022-01-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Knowledge Management},\n\tauthor = {Bhatt, Ganesh D.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tnote = {Publisher: MCB UP Ltd},\n\tpages = {68--75},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 1981\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Economics of the Diaspora: Discrimination and Occupational Structure.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brenner, R.; and Kiefer, N. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic Development and Cultural Change, 29(3): 517–534. April 1981.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{brenner_economics_1981,\n\ttitle = {The {Economics} of the {Diaspora}: {Discrimination} and {Occupational} {Structure}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0013-0079},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Economics} of the {Diaspora}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/451269},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/451269},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {Economic Development and Cultural Change},\n\tauthor = {Brenner, Reuven and Kiefer, Nicholas M.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tpages = {517--534},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 1977\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stigler, G. J.; and Becker, G. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n American Economic Review, 67(2): 76–90. 1977.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"De$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{stigler_gustibus_1977,\n\ttitle = {De {Gustibus} {Non} {Est} {Disputandum}},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\turl = {https://ideas.repec.org/a/aea/aecrev/v67y1977i2p76-90.html},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {American Economic Review},\n\tauthor = {Stigler, George J. and Becker, Gary S.},\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tpages = {76--90},\n}\n\n

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