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\n  \n 2019\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n .\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mirjana Radonjic-Simic, D. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Reference Model and Architecture for the Post-Platform Economy, pages 465. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@Inbook{radonjic2019Reference,\nabstract={ We define a post-platform economy as an economy that does not rely on intermediating platforms (or mega-platforms such as Amazon, Alibaba, and eBay) to conduct commercial transactions on the Internet. In a post-platform economy, everybody or everything connected to the Internet can act as a consumer and/or a provider of so-called complex products without requiring intermediating platforms. We define complex products as highly personalized combinations of individual products and services required to fulfill a particular consumer-defined need. Contemporary online markets work well for individual products and services or predefined combinations of them; they fall short in supporting complex products. Also, current online markets concentrate power on intermediating platforms and hence increase the “positional power” of these platforms leading towards a de-facto centralization of previously decentralized online markets. That increases transaction costs for consumers trying to find optimal product/service combinations and thus, satisfying such personalized needs. To address these issues, we propose a novel reference model for the post-platform economy and present an accompanying architecture as an example for a concrete implementation. This Decentralized Market Space Architecture (DMSA) is a strictly decentralized and highly scalable architecture to facilitate post-platform economy scenarios. It empowers consumers and providers to engage and conduct transactions of complex products in a direct, peer-to-peer manner, and without any central instance of the control. DMSA lowers transaction costs for complex products by supporting the market transactions divided into activities related to 1) formulating demand (composing and requesting arbitrary complex products), 2) negotiation (matching), 3) contracting, 4) settlement and 5) after-sales activities like reviews and dispute management.},\n\ttitle={Reference Model and Architecture for the Post-Platform Economy},\n\tauthor={Mirjana Radonjic-Simic, Dennis Pfisterer, Sebastian Richter},\n\tbooktitle={Economics of Digital Transformation},\n\tpublisher={University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business},\n\tyear=2019,\n\tpages={465}\n}\n\n
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\n We define a post-platform economy as an economy that does not rely on intermediating platforms (or mega-platforms such as Amazon, Alibaba, and eBay) to conduct commercial transactions on the Internet. In a post-platform economy, everybody or everything connected to the Internet can act as a consumer and/or a provider of so-called complex products without requiring intermediating platforms. We define complex products as highly personalized combinations of individual products and services required to fulfill a particular consumer-defined need. Contemporary online markets work well for individual products and services or predefined combinations of them; they fall short in supporting complex products. Also, current online markets concentrate power on intermediating platforms and hence increase the “positional power” of these platforms leading towards a de-facto centralization of previously decentralized online markets. That increases transaction costs for consumers trying to find optimal product/service combinations and thus, satisfying such personalized needs. To address these issues, we propose a novel reference model for the post-platform economy and present an accompanying architecture as an example for a concrete implementation. This Decentralized Market Space Architecture (DMSA) is a strictly decentralized and highly scalable architecture to facilitate post-platform economy scenarios. It empowers consumers and providers to engage and conduct transactions of complex products in a direct, peer-to-peer manner, and without any central instance of the control. DMSA lowers transaction costs for complex products by supporting the market transactions divided into activities related to 1) formulating demand (composing and requesting arbitrary complex products), 2) negotiation (matching), 3) contracting, 4) settlement and 5) after-sales activities like reviews and dispute management.\n
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\n  \n 2018\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n .\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mirjana Radonjic-Simic, D. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n A Decentralized Business Ecosystem for Complex Products. Springer International Publishing, 2018, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Inbook{simic2019BusinessEcosystem,\nabstract={Consumers looking for complex products, demand highly personalized combinations of individual products and services to satisfy a particular need. While online marketplaces work well for individual products and services (or a predefined combination of them), they fall short in supporting complex products. The complexity of finding the optimal product/service combinations overstrains consumers and increases the transaction and coordination costs for such products. Another issue related to contemporary online markets is the increasing concentration around platform-based ecosystems such as, e.g., Amazon, Alibaba or eBay. That increases the “positional power” of these platforms, putting them in the position, where they can dictate the rules and control access directing towards de facto centralization of previously decentralized online markets. To address these issues, we propose a novel business ecosystem model for complex products—a model of a strictly decentralized exchange environment purposefully designed to support complex products in a way to lower transaction and coordination costs and alleviate the adverse effects of growing platform power. This chapter introduces our ecosystem model by describing its primary artifacts: (1) the ecosystem structure, and (2) the ecosystem architecture. The ecosystem structure maps the activities, actors, their roles, and the essential value creation pattern required to support different complex product scenarios. It integrates various actors (i.e., individuals, companies, communities, autonomous agents, and machines), and enables them to constitute and enrich their ecosystem without any central instance of control or governance (i.e., underlying platform). The ecosystem architecture describes the building blocks of our ecosystem model, and the relationships among them considered essential to support the ecosystem structure on the operational level. It is represented by a highly scalable and strictly decentralized software-system architecture that supports arbitrarily complex products given existing domain-knowledge, relevant for commercial transactions in a particular domain. The feasibility of the proposed software-system design is demonstrated based on a prototypical implementation and an evaluation use case scenario.},\n\ttitle={A Decentralized Business Ecosystem for Complex Products},\n\tauthor={Mirjana Radonjic-Simic, Dennis Pfisterer},\n\tbooktitle={Digital Business: Business Algorithms, Cloud Computing and Data Engineering},\n\tpublisher={Springer International Publishing, 2018},\n\tyear=2018,\n}\n\n\n
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\n Consumers looking for complex products, demand highly personalized combinations of individual products and services to satisfy a particular need. While online marketplaces work well for individual products and services (or a predefined combination of them), they fall short in supporting complex products. The complexity of finding the optimal product/service combinations overstrains consumers and increases the transaction and coordination costs for such products. Another issue related to contemporary online markets is the increasing concentration around platform-based ecosystems such as, e.g., Amazon, Alibaba or eBay. That increases the “positional power” of these platforms, putting them in the position, where they can dictate the rules and control access directing towards de facto centralization of previously decentralized online markets. To address these issues, we propose a novel business ecosystem model for complex products—a model of a strictly decentralized exchange environment purposefully designed to support complex products in a way to lower transaction and coordination costs and alleviate the adverse effects of growing platform power. This chapter introduces our ecosystem model by describing its primary artifacts: (1) the ecosystem structure, and (2) the ecosystem architecture. The ecosystem structure maps the activities, actors, their roles, and the essential value creation pattern required to support different complex product scenarios. It integrates various actors (i.e., individuals, companies, communities, autonomous agents, and machines), and enables them to constitute and enrich their ecosystem without any central instance of control or governance (i.e., underlying platform). The ecosystem architecture describes the building blocks of our ecosystem model, and the relationships among them considered essential to support the ecosystem structure on the operational level. It is represented by a highly scalable and strictly decentralized software-system architecture that supports arbitrarily complex products given existing domain-knowledge, relevant for commercial transactions in a particular domain. The feasibility of the proposed software-system design is demonstrated based on a prototypical implementation and an evaluation use case scenario.\n
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\n  \n 2017\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n .\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mirjana Radonjic-Simic, F. W.; and Pfisterer, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Analyzing a Business Ecosystem for Complex Consumer Services. Springer International Publishing, 2017, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@Inbook{simic2017BusinessEcosystem,\n\tabstract={Complex consumer services denote an arbitrary combination of services that fulfil a particular need based on consumer-defined context and requirements. While contemporary service environments are predominately supply-oriented and focused on the provision of single services, complex consumer services require dynamic and co-evolving networked structures (i.e., business ecosystems) to support consumers requesting and transacting such complex services. This paper outlines a consumer-oriented business ecosystem by describing its actors, primary roles, and the value exchanges between them, as well as, illustrates the structural leverage points relevant for the development and growth of such an ecosystem.},\n\ttitle={Analyzing a Business Ecosystem for Complex Consumer Services},\n\tauthor={Mirjana Radonjic-Simic, Frank Wolff and Dennis Pfisterer},\n\tbooktitle={ICServ2017 - The 5th International Conference on Serviceology: Lecture Notes in Computer Science},\n\tpublisher={Springer International Publishing, 2017},\n\tyear=2017,\n}\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Complex consumer services denote an arbitrary combination of services that fulfil a particular need based on consumer-defined context and requirements. While contemporary service environments are predominately supply-oriented and focused on the provision of single services, complex consumer services require dynamic and co-evolving networked structures (i.e., business ecosystems) to support consumers requesting and transacting such complex services. This paper outlines a consumer-oriented business ecosystem by describing its actors, primary roles, and the value exchanges between them, as well as, illustrates the structural leverage points relevant for the development and growth of such an ecosystem.\n
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\n  \n 2016\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Business Model Design and Architecture for the Internet of Everything.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pfisterer, D.; Radonjic-Simic, M.; and Reichwald, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 5(2): 7. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BusinessPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{pfisterer2016businessmodel,\n\tabstract={Smart devices and cyber-physical systems, which are interconnected to IT systems and services, form the basis for the arising Internet of Everything, opening up new economic opportunities for its participants and users beyond its technological aspects and challenges. While today’s e-business scenarios are mostly dominated by a few centralized online platforms, future business models, which will be feasible for the Internet of Everything, need to address special requirements. Such business models, e.g., leveraging the possibilities of smart cities, need to cope with arbitrary combinations of products and services orchestrated into complex products in a highly distributed and dynamic environment. Furthermore, these arbitrary combinations are influenced by real-time context information derived from sensor networks or IT systems, as well as the users’ requirements and preferences. The complexity of finding the optimal product/service combination overstrains users and leads to decisions according to the principle of adverse selection (i.e., choosing good enough instead of optimal). Such e-business models require an appropriate underlying value generation architecture that supports users in this process. In this paper, we develop a business model that addresses these problems. In addition, we present the Distributed Market Spaces (DMS) software-system architecture as a possible implementation, which enables the aforementioned decentralized and context-centric e-business scenario and leverages the commercial possibilities of smart cities.},\n\tauthor={Pfisterer, Dennis and Radonjic-Simic, Mirjana and Reichwald, Julian},\n\tjournal={Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks},\n\tnumber=2,\n\tpages=7,\n\ttitle={Business Model Design and Architecture for the Internet of Everything},\n\turl={http://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/5/2/7},\n\tvolume=5,\n\tyear=2016,\n}\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Smart devices and cyber-physical systems, which are interconnected to IT systems and services, form the basis for the arising Internet of Everything, opening up new economic opportunities for its participants and users beyond its technological aspects and challenges. While today’s e-business scenarios are mostly dominated by a few centralized online platforms, future business models, which will be feasible for the Internet of Everything, need to address special requirements. Such business models, e.g., leveraging the possibilities of smart cities, need to cope with arbitrary combinations of products and services orchestrated into complex products in a highly distributed and dynamic environment. Furthermore, these arbitrary combinations are influenced by real-time context information derived from sensor networks or IT systems, as well as the users’ requirements and preferences. The complexity of finding the optimal product/service combination overstrains users and leads to decisions according to the principle of adverse selection (i.e., choosing good enough instead of optimal). Such e-business models require an appropriate underlying value generation architecture that supports users in this process. In this paper, we develop a business model that addresses these problems. In addition, we present the Distributed Market Spaces (DMS) software-system architecture as a possible implementation, which enables the aforementioned decentralized and context-centric e-business scenario and leverages the commercial possibilities of smart cities.\n
\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n .\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hitz, M.; Radonjic-Simic, M.; Reichwald, J.; and Pfisterer, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Generic UIs for Requesting Complex Products Within Distributed Market Spaces in the Internet of Everything, pages 29–44. Buccafurri, F.; Holzinger, A.; Kieseberg, P.; Tjoa, M. A.; and Weippl, E., editor(s). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"GenericPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@Inbook{Hitz2016,\n\tauthor="Hitz, Michael\n\tand Radonjic-Simic, Mirjana\n\tand Reichwald, Julian\n\tand Pfisterer, Dennis",\n\teditor="Buccafurri, Francesco\n\tand Holzinger, Andreas\n\tand Kieseberg, Peter\n\tand Tjoa, Min A.\n\tand Weippl, Edgar",\n\ttitle="Generic UIs for Requesting Complex Products Within Distributed Market Spaces in the Internet of Everything",\n\tbookTitle="Availability, Reliability, and Security in Information Systems: IFIP WG 8.4, 8.9, TC 5 International Cross-Domain Conference, CD-ARES 2016, and Workshop on Privacy Aware Machine Learning for Health Data Science, PAML 2016, Salzburg, Austria, August 31 - September 2, 2016, Proceedings",\n\tabstract="Distributed Market Spaces (DMS), refer to an exchange environment in emerging Internet of Everything, that supports users in making transactions of complex products; a novel type of products made up of different products and/or services that can be customized to better fit the individual context of the user. In order to express their demand for a particular complex product in a way that is interpretable by the DMS, users need flexible User Interfaces (UIs) that allow context-focused data collection related to the complexity of the user’s demand. This paper proposes a concept for generic UIs that enables users to compose their own UIs for requesting complex products, by combining existing UI descriptions for different parts of the particular complex product, as well as to share and improve UI descriptions among other users within the markets.", \n\tyear="2016",\n\tpublisher="Springer International Publishing",\n\taddress="Cham",\n\tpages="29--44",\n\tisbn="978-3-319-45507-5",\n\tdoi="10.1007/978-3-319-45507-5_3",\n\turl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45507-5_3"\n}\n\n
\n
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\n Distributed Market Spaces (DMS), refer to an exchange environment in emerging Internet of Everything, that supports users in making transactions of complex products; a novel type of products made up of different products and/or services that can be customized to better fit the individual context of the user. In order to express their demand for a particular complex product in a way that is interpretable by the DMS, users need flexible User Interfaces (UIs) that allow context-focused data collection related to the complexity of the user’s demand. This paper proposes a concept for generic UIs that enables users to compose their own UIs for requesting complex products, by combining existing UI descriptions for different parts of the particular complex product, as well as to share and improve UI descriptions among other users within the markets.\n
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\n  \n 2015\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Requirements for Business Model Design in Context-Centric e-Commerce Environments.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Radonjic-Simic, M.; and Pfisterer, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In J. Baumgart, G. N. (., editor(s), Ausgewählte Aspekte der angewandten Betriebswirtschaftslehre und Wirtschaftsinformatik, 2015. clfmedia, Walldorf, 2015\n ISBN: 978-3-942554-11-4\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{simic2015requirements,\n\tabstract={The economic impact of the Internet started with the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) allowing companies to use the Internet as an additional distribution channel to o er their products and services to the market. Encompassing electronic shops (e-shops) and elec- tronic marketplaces (e-marketplaces), e-commerce is defined as sharing of business information, maintaining of business relationships and conducting of business transactions by means of telecommunication networks.1 Nowadays, the Internet has evolved to a global marketplace where information about virtually every existing product or service can be found. However, the amount of available data, the sheer sum of avail- able products and their customizations easily overstrain users in the search for their optimal choice. This has led to the creation of aggregation and comparison services to support users and potential buyers to make an informed decision (e.g., Check24). Other well-known companies such as Amazon, Al- ibaba, Opodo, or HRS extended these services by o ering electronic support in the whole transaction process (from supply-demand match- ing, to payment and settlement, logistics, and review) and thus, within one branch e.g., Opodo in tourism or Amazon/Alibaba across indus- tries. These e-commerce platforms have been tremendously successful in the last decade, which has led to a de facto centralization of the pre- viously decentralized o erings on the Internet. As a consequence, these platforms are now in a position where consumers and producers are virtually forced to make use of them and hence must accept the rules of these platforms – or they cease to exist in the digital marketplace. 1 See Zwass (2003), pp. 8–21.  460 Business Model Design in a Context-Centric e-Commerce  For most consumers (i.e, buyers) and producers (i.e., sellers) this model works quite well as long as they are trading individual products and/or certain combinations of them. But these e-marketplaces are limited in the ability to support users in the case of complex products (i.e., arbitrary combinations of individual products and/or services), which need to fulfill particular conditions (e.g., determined by a user’s context). Consider the simple use case of booking a flight, hotel, rental car, and guided tour. While this is already a complex task to solve in order to fulfill di erent criteria (e.g., place, time, price, personal pref- erences) it can get exceptionally complex if more auxiliary conditions or products are added. In order to make informed decisions, users must find their way through a high variety of o ers while bringing all context-relevant information together; aggregate, compare, and infer existing information on their own. This complexity and high user in- volvement lead to the phenomenon of so-called “adverse selections” where users substitute optimal buying conditions with “good enough” ones.2 The aim of this paper is to examine the requirements for a context- centric future e-commerce environment.},\n\tauthor={Mirjana Radonjic-Simic and Dennis Pfisterer},\n\tbooktitle={Ausgew{\\"a}hlte Aspekte der angewandten Betriebswirtschaftslehre und Wirtschaftsinformatik},\n\teditor={J. Baumgart, G. Nagler (Eds.)},\n\tnote={ISBN: 978-3-942554-11-4},\n\tpublisher={clfmedia, Walldorf, 2015},\n\ttitle={Requirements for Business Model Design in Context-Centric e-Commerce Environments},\n\tyear=2015,\n}\n\n
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\n The economic impact of the Internet started with the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) allowing companies to use the Internet as an additional distribution channel to o er their products and services to the market. Encompassing electronic shops (e-shops) and elec- tronic marketplaces (e-marketplaces), e-commerce is defined as sharing of business information, maintaining of business relationships and conducting of business transactions by means of telecommunication networks.1 Nowadays, the Internet has evolved to a global marketplace where information about virtually every existing product or service can be found. However, the amount of available data, the sheer sum of avail- able products and their customizations easily overstrain users in the search for their optimal choice. This has led to the creation of aggregation and comparison services to support users and potential buyers to make an informed decision (e.g., Check24). Other well-known companies such as Amazon, Al- ibaba, Opodo, or HRS extended these services by o ering electronic support in the whole transaction process (from supply-demand match- ing, to payment and settlement, logistics, and review) and thus, within one branch e.g., Opodo in tourism or Amazon/Alibaba across indus- tries. These e-commerce platforms have been tremendously successful in the last decade, which has led to a de facto centralization of the pre- viously decentralized o erings on the Internet. As a consequence, these platforms are now in a position where consumers and producers are virtually forced to make use of them and hence must accept the rules of these platforms – or they cease to exist in the digital marketplace. 1 See Zwass (2003), pp. 8–21. 460 Business Model Design in a Context-Centric e-Commerce For most consumers (i.e, buyers) and producers (i.e., sellers) this model works quite well as long as they are trading individual products and/or certain combinations of them. But these e-marketplaces are limited in the ability to support users in the case of complex products (i.e., arbitrary combinations of individual products and/or services), which need to fulfill particular conditions (e.g., determined by a user’s context). Consider the simple use case of booking a flight, hotel, rental car, and guided tour. While this is already a complex task to solve in order to fulfill di erent criteria (e.g., place, time, price, personal pref- erences) it can get exceptionally complex if more auxiliary conditions or products are added. In order to make informed decisions, users must find their way through a high variety of o ers while bringing all context-relevant information together; aggregate, compare, and infer existing information on their own. This complexity and high user in- volvement lead to the phenomenon of so-called “adverse selections” where users substitute optimal buying conditions with “good enough” ones.2 The aim of this paper is to examine the requirements for a context- centric future e-commerce environment.\n
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