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\n \n 2023\n \n \n (7)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Local and utility-wide cost allocations for a more equitable wildfire-resilient distribution grid.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wang, Z.; Wara, M.; Majumdar, A.; and Rajagopal, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature Energy, 8(10): 1097–1108. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{wang2023local,\n  title={Local and utility-wide cost allocations for a more equitable wildfire-resilient distribution grid},\n  author={Wang, Zhecheng and Wara, Michael and Majumdar, Arun and Rajagopal, Ram},\n  journal={Nature Energy},\n  volume={8},\n  number={10},\n  pages={1097--1108},\n  year={2023},\n  publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Low-temperature carbon dioxide conversion via reverse water-gas shift thermochemical looping with supported iron oxide.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sun, E.; Wan, G.; Haribal, V.; Gigantino, M.; Marin-Quiros, S.; Oh, J.; Vailionis, A.; Tong, A.; Randall, R.; Rojas, J.; and others\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cell Reports Physical Science, 4(9). 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sun2023low,\n  title={Low-temperature carbon dioxide conversion via reverse water-gas shift thermochemical looping with supported iron oxide},\n  author={Sun, Eddie and Wan, Gang and Haribal, Vasudev and Gigantino, Marco and Marin-Quiros, Sebastian and Oh, Jinwon and Vailionis, Arturas and Tong, Andrew and Randall, Richard and Rojas, Jimmy and others},\n  journal={Cell Reports Physical Science},\n  volume={4},\n  number={9},\n  year={2023},\n  publisher={Elsevier}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Geospatial mapping of distribution grid with machine learning and publicly-accessible multi-modal data.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wang, Z.; Majumdar, A.; and Rajagopal, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature Communications, 14(1): 5006. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wang2023geospatial,\n  title={Geospatial mapping of distribution grid with machine learning and publicly-accessible multi-modal data},\n  author={Wang, Zhecheng and Majumdar, Arun and Rajagopal, Ram},\n  journal={Nature Communications},\n  volume={14},\n  number={1},\n  pages={5006},\n  year={2023},\n  publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Imaging the electron charge density in monolayer MoS2 at the Ångstrom scale.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Martis, J.; Susarla, S.; Rayabharam, A.; Su, C.; Paule, T.; Pelz, P.; Huff, C.; Xu, X.; Li, H.; Jaikissoon, M.; and others\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature communications, 14(1): 4363. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{martis2023imaging,\n  title={Imaging the electron charge density in monolayer MoS2 at the {\\AA}ngstrom scale},\n  author={Martis, Joel and Susarla, Sandhya and Rayabharam, Archith and Su, Cong and Paule, Timothy and Pelz, Philipp and Huff, Cassandra and Xu, Xintong and Li, Hao-Kun and Jaikissoon, Marc and others},\n  journal={Nature communications},\n  volume={14},\n  number={1},\n  pages={4363},\n  year={2023},\n  publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Technoeconomics and carbon footprint of hydrogen production.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rojas, J.; Zhai, S.; Sun, E.; Haribal, V.; Marin-Quiros, S.; Sarkar, A.; Gupta, R.; Cargnello, M.; Chueh, W.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{rojas2023technoeconomics,\n  title={Technoeconomics and carbon footprint of hydrogen production},\n  author={Rojas, Jimmy and Zhai, Shang and Sun, Eddie and Haribal, Vasudev and Marin-Quiros, Sebastian and Sarkar, Amitava and Gupta, Raghubir and Cargnello, Matteo and Chueh, Will and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},\n  year={2023},\n  publisher={Elsevier}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A semi-continuous process for co-production of CO2-free hydrogen and carbon nanotubes via methane pyrolysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sun, E.; Zhai, S.; Kim, D.; Gigantino, M.; Haribal, V.; Dewey, O. S; Williams, S. M; Wan, G.; Nelson, A.; Marin-Quiros, S.; and others\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cell Reports Physical Science, 4(4). 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sun2023semi,\n  title={A semi-continuous process for co-production of CO2-free hydrogen and carbon nanotubes via methane pyrolysis},\n  author={Sun, Eddie and Zhai, Shang and Kim, Dohyung and Gigantino, Marco and Haribal, Vasudev and Dewey, Oliver S and Williams, Steven M and Wan, Gang and Nelson, Alexander and Marin-Quiros, Sebastian and others},\n  journal={Cell Reports Physical Science},\n  volume={4},\n  number={4},\n  year={2023},\n  publisher={Elsevier}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Transport Mediating Core–Shell Photocatalyst Architecture for Selective Alkane Oxidation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, C.; Sun, E.; Wan, G.; Zheng, J.; Gupta, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xie2023transport,\n  title={Transport Mediating Core--Shell Photocatalyst Architecture for Selective Alkane Oxidation},\n  author={Xie, Chenlu and Sun, Eddie and Wan, Gang and Zheng, Jian and Gupta, Raghubir and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={Nano Letters},\n  year={2023},\n  publisher={ACS Publications}\n}\n

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\n \n 2022\n \n \n (7)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Concept of a hybrid compression-adsorption heat pump cycle.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shamim, J. A; Auti, G.; Kimura, H.; Fei, S.; Hsu, W.; Daiguji, H.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cell Reports Physical Science, 3(11). 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{shamim2022concept,\n  title={Concept of a hybrid compression-adsorption heat pump cycle},\n  author={Shamim, Jubair A and Auti, Gunjan and Kimura, Hibiki and Fei, Shubo and Hsu, Wei-Lun and Daiguji, Hirofumi and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={Cell Reports Physical Science},\n  volume={3},\n  number={11},\n  year={2022},\n  publisher={Elsevier}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n DeepSolar++: Understanding residential solar adoption trajectories with computer vision and technology diffusion models.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wang, Z.; Arlt, M.; Zanocco, C.; Majumdar, A.; and Rajagopal, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Joule, 6(11): 2611–2625. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wang2022deepsolar++,\n  title={DeepSolar++: Understanding residential solar adoption trajectories with computer vision and technology diffusion models},\n  author={Wang, Zhecheng and Arlt, Marie-Louise and Zanocco, Chad and Majumdar, Arun and Rajagopal, Ram},\n  journal={Joule},\n  volume={6},\n  number={11},\n  pages={2611--2625},\n  year={2022},\n  publisher={Elsevier}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Concept of a hybrid compression-adsorption heat pump cycle.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shamim, J. A; Auti, G.; Kimura, H.; Fei, S.; Hsu, W.; Daiguji, H.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cell Reports Physical Science,101131. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{shamim2022concept,\n  title={Concept of a hybrid compression-adsorption heat pump cycle},\n  author={Shamim, Jubair A and Auti, Gunjan and Kimura, Hibiki and Fei, Shubo and Hsu, Wei-Lun and Daiguji, Hirofumi and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={Cell Reports Physical Science},\n  pages={101131},\n  year={2022},\n  publisher={Elsevier}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Iron-Poor Ferrites for Low-Temperature CO2 Conversion via Reverse Water–Gas Shift Thermochemical Looping.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rojas, J.; Sun, E.; Wan, G.; Oh, J.; Randall, R.; Haribal, V.; Jung, I.; Gupta, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 10(37): 12252–12261. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{rojas2022iron,\n  title={Iron-Poor Ferrites for Low-Temperature CO2 Conversion via Reverse Water--Gas Shift Thermochemical Looping},\n  author={Rojas, Jimmy and Sun, Eddie and Wan, Gang and Oh, Jinwon and Randall, Richard and Haribal, Vasudev and Jung, In-ho and Gupta, Raghubir and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={ACS Sustainable Chemistry \\& Engineering},\n  volume={10},\n  number={37},\n  pages={12252--12261},\n  year={2022},\n  publisher={ACS Publications}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Coloured low-emissivity films for building envelopes for year-round energy savings.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peng, Y.; Fan, L.; Jin, W.; Ye, Y.; Huang, Z.; Zhai, S.; Luo, X.; Ma, Y.; Tang, J.; Zhou, J.; and others\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature Sustainability, 5(4): 339–347. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{peng2022coloured,\n  title={Coloured low-emissivity films for building envelopes for year-round energy savings},\n  author={Peng, Yucan and Fan, Lingling and Jin, Weiliang and Ye, Yusheng and Huang, Zhuojun and Zhai, Shang and Luo, Xuan and Ma, Yinxing and Tang, Jing and Zhou, Jiawei and others},\n  journal={Nature Sustainability},\n  volume={5},\n  number={4},\n  pages={339--347},\n  year={2022},\n  publisher={Nature Publishing Group}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of Remote Boundary Conditions on Clamping Loss in Micromechanical Resonators.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Miller, J. M.; Vukasin, G. D; Zhang, Z.; Kwon, H.; Majumdar, A.; Kenny, T. W; and Shaw, S. W\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 31(2): 204–216. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{miller2022effects,\n  title={Effects of Remote Boundary Conditions on Clamping Loss in Micromechanical Resonators},\n  author={Miller, James ML and Vukasin, Gabrielle D and Zhang, Ze and Kwon, Hyun-Keun and Majumdar, Arun and Kenny, Thomas W and Shaw, Steven W},\n  journal={Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},\n  volume={31},\n  number={2},\n  pages={204--216},\n  year={2022},\n  publisher={IEEE}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermodynamic guiding principles of high-capacity phase transformation materials for splitting H 2 O and CO 2 by thermochemical looping.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhai, S.; Nam, J.; Gautam, G. S.; Lim, K.; Rojas, J.; Toney, M. F; Carter, E. A.; Jung, I.; Chueh, W. C; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{zhai2022thermodynamic,\n  title={Thermodynamic guiding principles of high-capacity phase transformation materials for splitting H 2 O and CO 2 by thermochemical looping},\n  author={Zhai, Shang and Nam, Joonhyun and Gautam, Gopalakrishnan Sai and Lim, Kipil and Rojas, Jimmy and Toney, Michael F and Carter, Emily Ann and Jung, In-Ho and Chueh, William C and Majumdar, Arunava},\n  journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A},\n  year={2022},\n  publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry}\n}\n

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\n \n 2021\n \n \n (6)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Design and Construction of an Optical TEM Specimen Holder.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Martis, J.; Zhang, Z.; Li, H.; Marshall, A.; Kim, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microscopy Today, 29(5): 40–44. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{martis2021design,\n  title={Design and Construction of an Optical TEM Specimen Holder},\n  author={Martis, Joel and Zhang, Ze and Li, Hao-Kun and Marshall, Ann and Kim, Roy and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={Microscopy Today},\n  volume={29},\n  number={5},\n  pages={40--44},\n  year={2021},\n  publisher={Cambridge University Press}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A framework for a hydrogen economy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; Deutch, J. M; Prasher, R. S; and Griffin, T. P\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Joule. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{majumdar2021framework,\n  title={A framework for a hydrogen economy},\n  author={Majumdar, Arun and Deutch, John M and Prasher, Ravi S and Griffin, Thomas P},\n  journal={Joule},\n  year={2021},\n  publisher={Elsevier}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Design and Construction of an Optical TEM Specimen Holder.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Martis, J.; Zhang, Z.; Li, H.; Majumdar, A.; Kim, R.; and Marshall, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microscopy and Microanalysis, 27(S1): 2310–2312. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{martis2021design,\n  title={Design and Construction of an Optical TEM Specimen Holder},\n  author={Martis, Joel and Zhang, Ze and Li, Haokun and Majumdar, Arun and Kim, Roy and Marshall, Ann},\n  journal={Microscopy and Microanalysis},\n  volume={27},\n  number={S1},\n  pages={2310--2312},\n  year={2021},\n  publisher={Cambridge University Press}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Computational discovery of metal oxides for chemical looping hydrogen production.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rojas, J.; Haribal, V.; Jung, I.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cell Reports Physical Science,100362. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{rojas2021computational,\n  title={Computational discovery of metal oxides for chemical looping hydrogen production},\n  author={Rojas, Jimmy and Haribal, Vasudev and Jung, In-Ho and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={Cell Reports Physical Science},\n  pages={100362},\n  year={2021},\n  publisher={Elsevier}\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Photoabsorption Imaging at Nanometer Scales Using Secondary Electron Analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhang, Z.; Martis, J.; Xu, X.; Li, H.; Xie, C.; Takasuka, B.; Lee, J.; Roy, A. K; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{zhang2021photoabsorption,\n  title={Photoabsorption Imaging at Nanometer Scales Using Secondary Electron Analysis},\n  author={Zhang, Ze and Martis, Joel and Xu, Xintong and Li, Hao-Kun and Xie, Chenlu and Takasuka, Brad and Lee, Jonghoon and Roy, Ajit K and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={Nano Letters},\n  year={2021},\n  publisher={ACS Publications}\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Prospects for sub-nanometer scale imaging of optical phenomena using electron microscopy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhang, Z.; Rayabharam, A.; Martis, J.; Li, H.; Aluru, N. R; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 118(3): 033104. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{zhang2021prospects,\n  title={Prospects for sub-nanometer scale imaging of optical phenomena using electron microscopy},\n  author={Zhang, Ze and Rayabharam, Archith and Martis, Joel and Li, Hao-Kun and Aluru, Narayana R and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={Applied Physics Letters},\n  volume={118},\n  number={3},\n  pages={033104},\n  year={2021},\n  publisher={AIP Publishing LLC}\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2020\n \n \n (6)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Imaging Arrangements of Discrete Ions at Liquid–Solid Interfaces.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Li, H.; Pedro de Souza, J; Zhang, Z.; Martis, J.; Sendgikoski, K.; Cumings, J.; Bazant, M. Z; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 20(11): 7927–7932. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{li2020imaging,\n  title={Imaging Arrangements of Discrete Ions at Liquid--Solid Interfaces},\n  author={Li, Hao-Kun and Pedro de Souza, J and Zhang, Ze and Martis, Joel and Sendgikoski, Kyle and Cumings, John and Bazant, Martin Z and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={Nano Letters},\n  volume={20},\n  number={11},\n  pages={7927--7932},\n  year={2020},\n  publisher={ACS Publications}\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Five thermal energy grand challenges for decarbonization.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Henry, A.; Prasher, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature Energy, 5(9): 635–637. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{henry2020five,\n  title={Five thermal energy grand challenges for decarbonization},\n  author={Henry, Asegun and Prasher, Ravi and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={Nature Energy},\n  volume={5},\n  number={9},\n  pages={635--637},\n  year={2020},\n  publisher={Nature Publishing Group}\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Reducing instability in dispersed powder photocatalysis derived from variable dispersion, metallic co-catalyst morphology, and light fluctuations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kunz, L. Y; Hong, J.; Riscoe, A. R; Majumdar, A.; and Cargnello, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2: 100004. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kunz2020reducing,\n  title={Reducing instability in dispersed powder photocatalysis derived from variable dispersion, metallic co-catalyst morphology, and light fluctuations},\n  author={Kunz, Larissa Y and Hong, Jiyun and Riscoe, Andrew R and Majumdar, Arun and Cargnello, Matteo},\n  journal={Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology},\n  volume={2},\n  pages={100004},\n  year={2020},\n  publisher={Elsevier}\n}\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Temperature Hysteresis in Piezoresistive Microcantilevers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Miller, J. M.; Zhang, Z.; Bousse, N. E; Coso, D.; Sadat, S.; Kwon, H.; Vukasin, G. D; Majumdar, A.; and Kenny, T. W\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2020 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), pages 1203–1206, 2020. IEEE\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@inproceedings{miller2020temperature,\n  title={Temperature Hysteresis in Piezoresistive Microcantilevers},\n  author={Miller, James ML and Zhang, Ze and Bousse, Nicholas E and Coso, Dusan and Sadat, Seid and Kwon, Hyun-Keun and Vukasin, Gabrielle D and Majumdar, Arun and Kenny, Thomas W},\n  booktitle={2020 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)},\n  pages={1203--1206},\n  year={2020},\n  organization={IEEE}\n}\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A phytophotonic approach to enhanced photosynthesis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kunz, L. Y; Redekop, P.; Ort, D. R; Grossman, A. R; Cargnello, M.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Energy & Environmental Science. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kunz2020phytophotonic,\n  title={A phytophotonic approach to enhanced photosynthesis},\n  author={Kunz, Larissa Y and Redekop, Petra and Ort, Donald R and Grossman, Arthur R and Cargnello, Matteo and Majumdar, Arun},\n  journal={Energy \\& Environmental Science},\n  year={2020},\n  publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry}\n}\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n High-Capacity Thermochemical CO2 dissociation using iron-poor ferrites.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhai, S.; Rojas, J.; Ahlborg, N.; Lim, K.; Cheng, M. C. H.; Xie, C.; Toney, M. F; Jung, I.; Chueh, W. C; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Energy & Environmental Science. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {zhai2019high,\n\ttitle = {High-Capacity Thermochemical CO2 dissociation using iron-poor ferrites},\n\tjournal = {Energy \\& Environmental Science},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tauthor = {Zhai, Shang and Rojas, Jimmy and Ahlborg, Nadia and Lim, Kipil and Cheng, Michael Chung Hon and Xie, Chenlu and Toney, Michael F and Jung, In-Ho and Chueh, William C and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2019\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Electrochemical Redox Refrigeration.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n McKay, I.; Kunz, L.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scientific Reports, 9. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {mckay2019electrochemical,\n\ttitle = {Electrochemical Redox Refrigeration},\n\tjournal = {Scientific Reports},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tauthor = {McKay, Ian and Kunz, Larissa and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Faucher, S.; Aluru, N.; Bazant, M. Z; Blankschtein, D.; Brozena, A. H; Cumings, J.; Pedro de Souza, J; Elimelech, M.; Epsztein, R.; Fourkas, J. T; and others\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,792–796. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{faucher2019critical,\n  title={Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective},\n  author={Faucher, Samuel and Aluru, Narayana and Bazant, Martin Z and Blankschtein, Daniel and Brozena, Alexandra H and Cumings, John and Pedro de Souza, J and Elimelech, Menachem and Epsztein, Razi and Fourkas, John T and others},\n  journal={The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},\n  pages={792--796},\n  year={2019},\n  publisher={ACS Publications}\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Artificial inflation of apparent photocatalytic activity induced by catalyst-mass-normalization and a method to fairly compare heterojunction systems.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kunz, L. Y; Diroll, B. T; Wrasman, C. J; Riscoe, A. R; Majumdar, A.; and Cargnello, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Energy & Environmental Science. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kunz2019artificial,\n  title={Artificial inflation of apparent photocatalytic activity induced by catalyst-mass-normalization and a method to fairly compare heterojunction systems},\n  author={Kunz, Larissa Y and Diroll, Benjamin T and Wrasman, Cody J and Riscoe, Andrew R and Majumdar, Arun and Cargnello, Matteo},\n  journal={Energy \\& Environmental Science},\n  year={2019},\n  publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry}\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2018\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Research Opportunities for CO2 Utilization and Negative Emissions at the Gigatonne Scale.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; and Deutch, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Joule, 2. 05/2018 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article {1072,\n\ttitle = {Research Opportunities for CO2 Utilization and Negative Emissions at the Gigatonne Scale},\n\tjournal = {Joule},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tmonth = {05/2018},\n\ttype = {Commentary},\n\tchapter = {801-809},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, Arun and Deutch, John}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The use of poly-cation oxides to lower the temperature of two-step thermochemical water splitting.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhai, S.; Rojas, J.; Ahlborg, N.; Lim, K.; Toney, M. F; Jin, H.; Chueh, W. C; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Energy & Environmental Science. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article {1082,\n\ttitle = {The use of poly-cation oxides to lower the temperature of two-step thermochemical water splitting},\n\tjournal = {Energy \\& Environmental Science},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tauthor = {Zhai, Shang and Rojas, Jimmy and Ahlborg, Nadia and Lim, Kipil and Toney, Michael F and Jin, Hyungyu and Chueh, William C and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Continuous electrochemical heat engines.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Poletayev, A. D; McKay, I.; Chueh, W. C; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Energy & Environmental Science. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article {1098,\n\ttitle = {Continuous electrochemical heat engines},\n\tjournal = {Energy \\& Environmental Science},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tauthor = {Poletayev, Andrey D and McKay, Ian and Chueh, William C and Majumdar, Arunava}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n DeepSolar: A Machine Learning Framework to Efficiently Construct a Solar Deployment Database in the United States.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yu, J.; Wang, Z.; Majumdar, A.; and Rajagopal, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Joule, 2: 2605–2617. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article {1136,\n\ttitle = {DeepSolar: A Machine Learning Framework to Efficiently Construct a Solar Deployment Database in the United States},\n\tjournal = {Joule},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {2605{\\textendash}2617},\n\tauthor = {Yu, Jiafan and Wang, Zhecheng and Majumdar, Arun and Rajagopal, Ram}\n}\n

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\n \n 2017\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Tunable thermal conductivity in mesoporous silicon by slight porosity change.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Seol, J. H.; Barth, D. S; Zhu, J.; Ćoso, D.; Hippalgaonkar, K.; Lim, J.; Han, J.; Zhang, X.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 111: 063104. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {1055,\n\ttitle = {Tunable thermal conductivity in mesoporous silicon by slight porosity change},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {111},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {063104},\n\tauthor = {Seol, Jae Hun and Barth, David S and Zhu, Jia and {\\'C}oso, Du{\\v s}an and Hippalgaonkar, Kedar and Lim, Jongwoo and Han, Junkyu and Zhang, Xiang and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Heterodyne x-ray diffuse scattering from coherent phonons.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kozina, M; Trigo, M; Chollet, M; Clark, J.; Glownia, J.; Gossard, A.; Henighan, T; Jiang, M.; Lu, H; Majumdar, A; Zhu, D; and Reis, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Structural Dynamics, 4: 054305. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article {1057,\n\ttitle = {Heterodyne x-ray diffuse scattering from coherent phonons},\n\tjournal = {Structural Dynamics},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {054305},\n\tauthor = {Kozina, M and Trigo, M and Chollet, M and Clark, JN and Glownia, JM and Gossard, AC and Henighan, T and Jiang, MP and Lu, H and Majumdar, A and Zhu, D and Reis, DA}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A dual-mode textile for human body radiative heating and cooling.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hsu, P.; Liu, C.; Song, A. Y; Zhang, Z.; Peng, Y.; Xie, J.; Liu, K.; Wu, C.; Catrysse, P. B; Cai, L.; and others\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science advances, 3: e1700895. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article {1074,\n\ttitle = {A dual-mode textile for human body radiative heating and cooling},\n\tjournal = {Science advances},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {e1700895},\n\tauthor = {Hsu, Po-Chun and Liu, Chong and Song, Alex Y and Zhang, Ze and Peng, Yucan and Xie, Jin and Liu, Kai and Wu, Chun-Lan and Catrysse, Peter B and Cai, Lili and others}\n}\n

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\n \n 2016\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Label-free electrical detection of enzymatic reactions in nanochannels.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Duan, C.; Alibakhshi, M. A.; Kim, D.; Brown, C. M; Craik, C. S; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ACS nano, 10: 7476–7484. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {1049,\n\ttitle = {Label-free electrical detection of enzymatic reactions in nanochannels},\n\tjournal = {ACS nano},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {7476{\\textendash}7484},\n\tauthor = {Duan, Chuanhua and Alibakhshi, Mohammad Amin and Kim, Dong-Kwon and Brown, Christopher M and Craik, Charles S and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Array Volume Fraction-Dependent Thermal Transport Properties of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhao, Y.; Chu, R.; Grigoropoulos, C. P; Dubon, O. D; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 138: 092401. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article {1051,\n\ttitle = {Array Volume Fraction-Dependent Thermal Transport Properties of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {138},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {092401},\n\tauthor = {Zhao, Yang and Chu, Rong-Shiuan and Grigoropoulos, Costas P and Dubon, Oscar D and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of a Silicon 90Sr Betavoltaic Power Source.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dixon, J.; Rajan, A.; Bohlemann, S.; Ćoso, D.; Upadhyaya, A. D; Rohatgi, A.; Chu, S.; Majumdar, A.; and Yee, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scientific reports, 6: 38182. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article {1053,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of a Silicon 90Sr Betavoltaic Power Source},\n\tjournal = {Scientific reports},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {38182},\n\tauthor = {Dixon, Jefferson and Rajan, Aravindh and Bohlemann, Steven and {\\'C}oso, Du{\\v s}an and Upadhyaya, Ajay D and Rohatgi, Ajeet and Chu, Steven and Majumdar, Arun and Yee, Shannon}\n}\n

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\n \n 2015\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Radiovoltaics: High-efficiency conversion of ionizing radiation directly to electrical power.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coso, D; Segal, J; Hasi, J; Kenney, C; Chu, S; Yee, S; and Majumdar, A\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@conference {1047,\n\ttitle = {Radiovoltaics: High-efficiency conversion of ionizing radiation directly to electrical power},\n\tbooktitle = {Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS), 2015 Transducers-2015 18th International Conference on},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpublisher = {IEEE},\n\torganization = {IEEE},\n\tauthor = {Coso, D and Segal, J and Hasi, J and Kenney, C and Chu, S and Yee, S and Majumdar, A}\n}\n

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\n \n 2014\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Exploring the Potential of Fulvalene Dimetals as Platforms for Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage: Computations, Syntheses, Structures, Kinetics, and Catalysis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Börjesson, K.; Ćoso, D.; Gray, V.; Grossman, J. C.; Guan, J.; Harris, C. B.; Hertkorn, N.; Hou, Z.; Kanai, Y.; Lee, D.; Lomont, J. P.; Majumdar, A.; Meier, S. K.; Moth-Poulsen, K.; Myrabo, R. L.; Nguyen, S. C.; Segalman, R. A.; Srinivasan, V.; Tolman, W. B.; Vinokurov, N.; Vollhardt, K. P. C.; and Weidman, T. W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Chemistry – A European Journal, 20: 15587-15604. 11/2014 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Exploring$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {441,\n\ttitle = {Exploring the Potential of Fulvalene Dimetals as Platforms for Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage: Computations, Syntheses, Structures, Kinetics, and Catalysis},\n\tjournal = {Chemistry {\\textendash} A European Journal},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tmonth = {11/2014},\n\tpages = {15587-15604},\n\tabstract = {<p>A study of the scope and limitations of varying the ligand framework around the dinuclear core of FvRu2 in its function as a molecular solar thermal energy storage framework is presented. It includes DFT calculations probing the effect of substituents, other metals, and CO exchange for other ligands on ΔHstorage. Experimentally, the system is shown to be robust in as much as it tolerates a number of variations, except for the identity of the metal and certain substitution patterns. Failures include 1,1\\&prime;,3,3\\&prime;-tetra-tert-butyl (4), 1,2,2\\&prime;,3\\&prime;-tetraphenyl (9), diiron (28), diosmium (24), mixed iron-ruthenium (27), dimolybdenum (29), and ditungsten (30) derivatives. An extensive screen of potential catalysts for the thermal reversal identified AgNO3\\&ndash;SiO2 as a good candidate, although catalyst decomposition remains a challenge.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {ab initio calculations, iron, isomerization, photochemistry, ruthenium},\n\tisbn = {1521-3765},\n\turl = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.201404170/abstract},\n\tauthor = {B{\\"o}rjesson, Karl and {\\'C}oso, Du{\\v s}an and Gray, Victor and Grossman, Jeffrey C. and Guan, Jingqi and Harris, Charles B. and Hertkorn, Norbert and Hou, Zongrui and Kanai, Yosuke and Lee, Donghwa and Lomont, Justin P. and Majumdar, Arun and Meier, Steven K. and Moth-Poulsen, Kasper and Myrabo, Randy L. and Nguyen, Son C. and Segalman, Rachel A. and Srinivasan, Varadharajan and Tolman, Willam B. and Vinokurov, Nikolai and Vollhardt, K. Peter C. and Weidman, Timothy W.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Crossover from incoherent to coherent phonon scattering in epitaxial oxide superlattices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ravichandran, J.; Yadav, A. K.; Cheaito, R.; Rossen, P. B.; Soukiassian, A.; Suresha, S. J.; Duda, J. C.; Foley, B. M.; Lee, C.; Zhu, Y.; Lichtenberger, A. W.; Moore, J. E.; Muller, D. A.; Schlom, D. G.; Hopkins, P. E.; Majumdar, A.; Ramesh, R.; and Zurbuchen, M. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature Materials, 13: 168-172. February 2014 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Crossover$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {473,\n\ttitle = {Crossover from incoherent to coherent phonon scattering in epitaxial oxide superlattices},\n\tjournal = {Nature Materials},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tmonth = {February 2014},\n\tpages = {168-172},\n\tabstract = {<p>Elementary particles such as electrons or photons are frequent subjects of wave-nature-driven investigations, unlike collective excitations such as phonons. The demonstration of wave\\&ndash;particle crossover, in terms of macroscopic properties, is crucial to the understanding and application of the wave behaviour of matter. We present an unambiguous demonstration of the theoretically predicted crossover from diffuse (particle-like) to specular (wave-like) phonon scattering in epitaxial oxide superlattices, manifested by a minimum in lattice thermal conductivity as a function of interface density. We do so by synthesizing superlattices of electrically insulating perovskite oxides and systematically varying the interface density, with unit-cell precision, using two different epitaxial-growth techniques. These observations open up opportunities for studies on the wave nature of phonons, particularly phonon interference effects, using oxide superlattices as model systems, with extensive applications in thermoelectrics and thermal management.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1476-1122},\n\turl = {http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v13/n2/full/nmat3826.html},\n\tauthor = {Ravichandran, Jayakanth and Yadav, Ajay K. and Cheaito, Ramez and Rossen, Pim B. and Soukiassian, Arsen and Suresha, S. J. and Duda, John C. and Foley, Brian M. and Lee, Che-Hui and Zhu, Ye and Lichtenberger, Arthur W. and Moore, Joel E. and Muller, David A. and Schlom, Darrell G. and Hopkins, Patrick E. and Majumdar, Arun and Ramesh, Ramamoorthy and Zurbuchen, Mark A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Coherent phonon transport in Epitaxial Oxide Heterostructures.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yadav, A.; Swarz, A.; Cheaito, R.; Ravichandran, J.; Hopkins, P.; Majumdar, A.; Moore, J.; and Ramesh, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 03/2014 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@conference {1041,\n\ttitle = {Coherent phonon transport in Epitaxial Oxide Heterostructures},\n\tbooktitle = {APS Meeting Abstracts},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tmonth = {03/2014},\n\tauthor = {Ajay Yadav and Aaron Swarz and Ramez Cheaito and Jayakanth Ravichandran and Patrick Hopkins and Arun Majumdar and Joel Moore and Ramamoorthy Ramesh}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Nanoscale thermal transport. II. 2003–2012.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cahill, D. G; Braun, P. V; Chen, G.; Clarke, D. R; Fan, S.; Goodson, K. E; Keblinski, P.; King, W. P; Mahan, G. D; Majumdar, A.; Maris, H. J; Phillpot, S. R; Pop, E.; and Shi, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Reviews, 1. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {1043,\n\ttitle = {Nanoscale thermal transport. II. 2003--2012},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Reviews},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tchapter = {011305},\n\tauthor = {David G Cahill and Paul V Braun and Gang Chen and David R Clarke and Shanhui Fan and Kenneth E Goodson and Pawel Keblinski and William P King and Gerald D Mahan and Arun Majumdar and Humphrey J Maris and Simon R Phillpot and Eric Pop and Li Shi}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Temperature-gated thermal rectifier for active heat flow control.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhu, J.; Hippalgaonkar, K.; Shen, S.; Wang, K.; Abate, Y.; Lee, S.; Wu, J.; Yin, X.; Majumdar, A.; and Zhang, X.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano letters, 14: 4867–4872. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {1045,\n\ttitle = {Temperature-gated thermal rectifier for active heat flow control},\n\tjournal = {Nano letters},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {4867{\\textendash}4872},\n\tauthor = {Zhu, Jia and Hippalgaonkar, Kedar and Shen, Sheng and Wang, Kevin and Abate, Yohannes and Lee, Sangwook and Wu, Junqiao and Yin, Xiaobo and Majumdar, Arun and Zhang, Xiang}\n}\n

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\n \n 2013\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Interfacial Properties on Polymer–Nanocrystal Thermoelectric Transport.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coates, N. E.; Yee, S. K.; McCulloch, B.; See, K. C.; Majumdar, A.; Segalman, R. A.; and Urban, J. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Advanced Materials, 25: 1629-1633. March 20, 2013 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Effect$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {461,\n\ttitle = {Effect of Interfacial Properties on Polymer{\\textendash}Nanocrystal Thermoelectric Transport},\n\tjournal = {Advanced Materials},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tmonth = {March 20, 2013},\n\tpages = {1629-1633},\n\tkeywords = {nanocomposites, organic{\\textendash}inorganic interfaces, PEDOT:PSS, solution-processing, thermoelectrics},\n\tisbn = {1521-4095},\n\turl = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201203915/abstract},\n\tauthor = {Coates, Nelson E. and Yee, Shannon K. and McCulloch, Bryan and See, Kevin C. and Majumdar, Arun and Segalman, Rachel A. and Urban, Jeffrey J.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Polycrystalline CdSe Thin Films with Controlled Grain Size.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Feser, J. P.; Chan, E. M.; Majumdar, A.; Segalman, R. A.; and Urban, J. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 13: 2122-2127. May 8, 2013 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ultralow$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {475,\n\ttitle = {Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Polycrystalline CdSe Thin Films with Controlled Grain Size},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tmonth = {May 8, 2013},\n\tpages = {2122-2127},\n\tabstract = {<p>Polycrystallinity leads to increased phonon scattering at grain boundaries and is known to be an effective method to reduce thermal conductivity in thermoelectric materials. However, the fundamental limits of this approach are not fully understood, as it is difficult to form uniform sub-20 nm grain structures. We use colloidal nanocrystals treated with functional inorganic ligands to obtain nanograined films of CdSe with controlled characteristic grain size between 3 and 6 nm. Experimental measurements demonstrate that thermal conductivity in these composites can fall beneath the prediction of the so-called minimum thermal conductivity for disordered crystals. The measurements are consistent, however, with diffuse boundary scattering of acoustic phonons. This apparent paradox can be explained by an overattribution of transport to high-energy phonons in the minimum thermal conductivity model where, in compound semiconductors, optical and zone edge phonons have low group velocity and high scattering rates.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl400531f},\n\tauthor = {Feser, Joseph P. and Chan, Emory M. and Majumdar, Arun and Segalman, Rachel A. and Urban, Jeffrey J.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A New Industrial Revolution for a Sustainable Energy Future.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n MRS Bulletin, 38. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {601,\n\ttitle = {A New Industrial Revolution for a Sustainable Energy Future},\n\tjournal = {MRS Bulletin},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tchapter = {947-954},\n\tauthor = {A. Majumdar}\n}\n

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\n \n 2012\n \n \n (9)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Large Thermoelectric Figure-of-Merits from SiGe Nanowires by Simultaneously Measuring Electrical and Thermal Transport Properties.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lee, E. K.; Yin, L.; Lee, Y.; Lee, J. W.; Lee, S. J.; Lee, J.; Cha, S. N.; Whang, D.; Hwang, G. S.; Hippalgaonkar, K.; Majumdar, A.; Yu, C.; Choi, B. L.; Kim, J. M.; and Kim, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 12: 2918-2923. June 13, 2012 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Large$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {439,\n\ttitle = {Large Thermoelectric Figure-of-Merits from SiGe Nanowires by Simultaneously Measuring Electrical and Thermal Transport Properties},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tmonth = {June 13, 2012},\n\tpages = {2918-2923},\n\tabstract = {<p>The strongly correlated thermoelectric properties have been a major hurdle for high-performance thermoelectric energy conversion. One possible approach to avoid such correlation is to suppress phonon transport by scattering at the surface of confined nanowire structures. However, phonon characteristic lengths are broad in crystalline solids, which makes nanowires insufficient to fully suppress heat transport. Here, we employed Si?Ge alloy as well as nanowire structures to maximize the depletion of heat-carrying phonons. This results in a thermal conductivity as low as ?1.2 W/m-K at 450 K, showing a large thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) of ?0.46 compared with those of SiGe bulks and even ZT over 2 at 800 K theoretically. All thermoelectric properties were ?simultaneously? measured from the same nanowires to facilitate accurate ZT measurements. The surface-boundary scattering is prominent when the nanowire diameter is over ?100 nm, whereas alloying plays a more important role in suppressing phonon transport for smaller ones.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl300587u},\n\tauthor = {Lee, Eun Kyung and Yin, Liang and Lee, Yongjin and Lee, Jong Woon and Lee, Sang Jin and Lee, Junho and Cha, Seung Nam and Whang, Dongmok and Hwang, Gyeong S. and Hippalgaonkar, Kedar and Majumdar, Arun and Yu, Choongho and Choi, Byoung Lyong and Kim, Jong Min and Kim, Kinam}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enhanced Heat Transfer in Biporous Wicks in the Thin Liquid Film Evaporation and Boiling Regimes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ćoso, D.; Srinivasan, V.; Lu, M.; Chang, J.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 134: 101501-101501. August 7, 2012 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Enhanced$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {449,\n\ttitle = {Enhanced Heat Transfer in Biporous Wicks in the Thin Liquid Film Evaporation and Boiling Regimes},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {134},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tmonth = {August 7, 2012},\n\tpages = {101501-101501},\n\tabstract = {<p>Biporous media consisting of microscale pin fins separated by microchannels are examined as candidate structures for the evaporator wick of a vapor chamber heat pipe. The structures are fabricated out of silicon using standard lithography and etching techniques. Pores which separate microscale pin fins are used to generate high capillary suction, while larger microchannels are used to reduce overall flow resistance. The heat transfer coefficient is found to depend on the area coverage of a liquid film with thickness on the order of a few microns near the meniscus of the triple phase contact line. We manipulate the area coverage and film thickness by varying the surface area-to-volume ratio through the use of microstructuring. Experiments are conducted for a heater area of 1 cm2 with the wick in a vertical orientation. Results are presented for structures with approximately same porosities, fixed microchannel widths w \\&asymp; 30 μm and w \\&asymp; 60 μm, and pin fin diameters ranging from d\\&thinsp;=\\&thinsp;3\\&ndash;29 μm. The competing effects of increase in surface area due to microstructuring and the suppression of evaporation due to reduction in pore scale are explored. In some samples, a transition from evaporative heat transfer to nucleate boiling is observed. While it is difficult to identify when the transition occurs, one can identify regimes where evaporation dominates over nucleate boiling and vice versa. Heat transfer coefficients of 20.7 (\\&plusmn;2.4) W/cm2 -K are attained at heat fluxes of 119.6 (\\&plusmn;4.2) W/cm2 until the wick dries out in the evaporation dominated regime. In the nucleate boiling dominated regime, heat fluxes of 277.0 (\\&plusmn;9.7) W/cm2 can be dissipated by wicks with heaters of area 1 cm2 , while heat fluxes up to 733.1 (\\&plusmn;103.4) W/cm2 can be dissipated by wicks with smaller heaters intended to simulate local hot-spots.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4006106},\n\tauthor = {{\\'C}oso, Du{\\v s}an and Srinivasan, Vinod and Lu, Ming-Chang and Chang, Je-Young and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Size effects on thermoelectricity in a strongly correlated oxide.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ravichandran, J.; Yadav, A. K.; Siemons, W.; McGuire, M. A.; Wu, V.; Vailionis, A.; Majumdar, A.; and Ramesh, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review B, 85: 085112. 02/2012 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Size$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {471,\n\ttitle = {Size effects on thermoelectricity in a strongly correlated oxide},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review B},\n\tvolume = {85},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tmonth = {02/2012},\n\tpages = {085112},\n\tabstract = {<p>We investigated size effects on thermoelectricity in thin films of a strongly correlated layered cobaltate. At room temperature, the thermopower is independent of thickness down to 6 nm. This unusual behavior is inconsistent with the Fuchs-Sondheimer theory, which is used to describe conventional metals and semiconductors, and is attributed to the strong electron correlations in this material. On the other hand, the resistivity increases below a critical thickness of \\&sim;30 nm, as expected. The temperature-dependent thermopower is similar for different thicknesses but the resistivity shows systematic changes with thickness. Our experiments highlight the differences in thermoelectric behavior of strongly correlated and uncorrelated systems when subjected to finite-size effects. We use the atomic-limit Hubbard model at the high-temperature limit to explain our observations. These findings provide new insights into decoupling electrical conductivity and thermopower in correlated systems.</p>\r\n},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.085112},\n\tauthor = {Ravichandran, J. and Yadav, A. K. and Siemons, W. and McGuire, M. A. and Wu, V. and Vailionis, A. and Majumdar, A. and Ramesh, R.}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Interplay between intrinsic defects, doping, and free carrier concentration in SrTiO3 thin films.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ertekin, E.; Srinivasan, V.; Ravichandran, J.; Rossen, P. B.; Siemons, W.; Majumdar, A.; Ramesh, R.; and Grossman, J. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review B, 85: 195460. May 29, 2012 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Interplay$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {479,\n\ttitle = {Interplay between intrinsic defects, doping, and free carrier concentration in SrTiO3 thin films},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review B},\n\tvolume = {85},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tmonth = {May 29, 2012},\n\tpages = {195460},\n\tabstract = {<p>Using both computational and experimental analysis, we demonstrate a rich point-defect phase diagram in doped strontium titanate as a function of thermodynamic variables such as oxygen partial pressure and electronic chemical potential. Computational modeling of point-defect energetics demonstrates that a complex interplay exists between dopants, thermodynamic parameters, and intrinsic defects in thin films of SrTiO3 (STO). We synthesize STO thin films via pulsed laser deposition and explore this interplay between intrinsic defects, doping, compensation, and carrier concentration. Our point-defect analysis (i) demonstrates that careful control over growth conditions can result in the tunable presence of anion and cation vacancies, (ii) suggests that compensation mechanisms will pose intrinsic limits on the dopability of perovskites, and (iii) provides a guide for tailoring the properties of doped perovskite thin films.</p>\r\n},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.195460},\n\tauthor = {Ertekin, Elif and Srinivasan, Varadharajan and Ravichandran, Jayakanth and Rossen, Pim B. and Siemons, Wolter and Majumdar, Arun and Ramesh, Ramamoorthy and Grossman, Jeffrey C.}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage and release system.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moth-Poulsen, K.; Ćoso, D.; Börjesson, K.; Vinokurov, N.; Meier, S. K.; Majumdar, A.; Vollhardt, K. P. C.; and Segalman, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Energy & Environmental Science, 5: 8534-8537. 2012-08-15 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Molecular$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {487,\n\ttitle = {Molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage and release system},\n\tjournal = {Energy \\& Environmental Science},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tmonth = {2012-08-15},\n\tpages = {8534-8537},\n\tabstract = {<p>A device for solar energy storage and release based on a reversible chemical reaction is demonstrated. A highly soluble derivative of a (fulvalene)diruthenium (FvRu2) system is synthesized, capable of storing solar energy (110 J g\\&minus;1) in the form of chemical bonds and then releasing it \\&ldquo;on demand\\&rdquo;, when excited thermally or catalytically. A microfluidic device is designed and constructed for both the photo-harvesting and the heat-utilization steps, allowing for the recycling of material.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1754-5706},\n\turl = {http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2012/ee/c2ee22426g},\n\tauthor = {Moth-Poulsen, Kasper and {\\'C}oso, Du{\\v s}an and B{\\"o}rjesson, Karl and Vinokurov, Nikolai and Meier, Steven K. and Majumdar, Arun and Vollhardt, K. Peter C. and Segalman, Rachel A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Quantifying Surface Roughness Effects on Phonon Transport in Silicon Nanowires.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lim, J.; Hippalgaonkar, K.; Andrews, S. C.; Majumdar, A.; and Yang, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 12: 2475-2482. May 9, 2012 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Quantifying$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {489,\n\ttitle = {Quantifying Surface Roughness Effects on Phonon Transport in Silicon Nanowires},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tmonth = {May 9, 2012},\n\tpages = {2475-2482},\n\tabstract = {<p>Although it has been qualitatively demonstrated that surface roughness can reduce the thermal conductivity of crystalline Si nanowires (SiNWs), the underlying reasons remain unknown and warrant quantitative studies and analysis. In this work, vapor?liquid?solid (VLS) grown SiNWs were controllably roughened and then thoroughly characterized with transmission electron microscopy to obtain detailed surface profiles. Once the roughness information (root-mean-square, σ, correlation length, L, and power spectra) was extracted from the surface profile of a specific SiNW, the thermal conductivity of the same SiNW was measured. The thermal conductivity correlated well with the power spectra of surface roughness, which varies as a power law in the 1?100 nm length scale range. These results suggest a new realm of phonon scattering from rough interfaces, which restricts phonon transport below the Casimir limit. Insights gained from this study can help develop a more concrete theoretical understanding of phonon?surface roughness interactions as well as aid the design of next generation thermoelectric devices.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl3005868},\n\tauthor = {Lim, Jongwoo and Hippalgaonkar, Kedar and Andrews, Sean C. and Majumdar, Arun and Yang, Peidong}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Electrify the bottom of the pyramid.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Harvard Business Review. Jan-Feb 2012 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {603,\n\ttitle = {Electrify the bottom of the pyramid},\n\tjournal = {Harvard Business Review},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tmonth = {Jan-Feb 2012},\n\tchapter = {55},\n\tauthor = {A. Majumdar}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evaporation-induced cavitation in nanofluidic channels.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Duan, C.; Karnik, R.; Lu, M.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PNAS, 109(10): 3688–3693. mar 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Evaporation-induced$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {duan_evaporation-induced_2012,\n\ttitle = {Evaporation-induced cavitation in nanofluidic channels},\n\tjournal = {PNAS},\n\tvolume = {109},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tmonth = {mar},\n\tpages = {3688{\\textendash}3693},\n\tabstract = {<p>Cavitation, known as the formation of vapor bubbles when liquids are under tension, is of great interest both in condensed matter science as well as in diverse applications such as botany, hydraulic engineering, and medicine. Although widely studied in bulk and microscale-confined liquids, cavitation in the nanoscale is generally believed to be energetically unfavorable and has never been experimentally demonstrated. Here we report evaporation-induced cavitation in water-filled hydrophilic nanochannels under enormous negative pressures up to -7 MPa. As opposed to receding menisci observed in microchannel evaporation, the menisci in nanochannels are pinned at the entrance while vapor bubbles form and expand inside. Evaporation in the channels is found to be aided by advective liquid transport, which leads to an evaporation rate that is an order of magnitude higher than that governed by Fickian vapor diffusion in macro- and microscale evaporation. The vapor bubbles also exhibit unusual motion as well as translational stability and symmetry, which occur because of a balance between two competing mass fluxes driven by thermocapillarity and evaporation. Our studies expand our understanding of cavitation and provide new insights for phase-change phenomena at the nanoscale.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {bubble dynamics, bubble formation, confined fluids, confined water, nanobubbles},\n\tissn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490},\n\tdoi = {10.1073/pnas.1014075109},\n\turl = {http://www.pnas.org/content/109/10/3688},\n\tauthor = {Duan, Chuanhua and Karnik, Rohit and Lu, Ming-Chang and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chu, S.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature, 488(7411): 294–303. aug 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Opportunities$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 3 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {chu_opportunities_2012,\n\ttitle = {Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future},\n\tjournal = {Nature},\n\tvolume = {488},\n\tnumber = {7411},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tmonth = {aug},\n\tpages = {294{\\textendash}303},\n\tabstract = {<p>Access to clean, affordable and reliable energy has been a cornerstone of the world\\&$\\#$39;s increasing prosperity and economic growth since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Our use of energy in the twenty\\&ndash;first century must also be sustainable. Solar and water\\&ndash;based energy generation, and engineering of microbes to produce biofuels are a few examples of the alternatives. This Perspective puts these opportunities into a larger context by relating them to a number of aspects in the transportation and electricity generation sectors. It also provides a snapshot of the current energy landscape and discusses several research and development opportunities and pathways that could lead to a prosperous, sustainable and secure energy future for the world.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Climate science, Environmental science},\n\tissn = {0028-0836},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/nature11475},\n\turl = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v488/n7411/full/nature11475.html},\n\tauthor = {Chu, Steven and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n 2011\n \n \n (11)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Polydiacetylene Incorporated with Peptide Receptors for the Detection of Trinitrotoluene Explosives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jaworski, J.; Yokoyama, K.; Zueger, C.; Chung, W.; Lee, S.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Langmuir, 27: 3180-3187. March 2011 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Polydiacetylene$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {437,\n\ttitle = {Polydiacetylene Incorporated with Peptide Receptors for the Detection of Trinitrotoluene Explosives},\n\tjournal = {Langmuir},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tmonth = {March  2011},\n\tpages = {3180-3187},\n\tabstract = {<p>Because of their unique optical and stimuli-response properties, polydiacetylene-based platforms have been explored as an alternative to complex mechanical and electrical sensing systems. We linked chromic responsive polydiacetylene (PDA) onto a peptide-based molecular recognition element for trinitrotoluene (TNT) molecules in order to provide a system capable of responding to the presence of a TNT target. We first identified the trimer peptide receptor that could induce chromic changes on a PDA backbone. We then investigated the multivalent interactions between TNT and our peptide-based receptor by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We further characterized various parameters that affected the conjugated PDA system and hence the chromic response, including the size of end-group motifs, the surface density of receptors, and the length of alkane side chains. Taking these necessary design parameters into account, we demonstrated a modular system capable of transducing small-molecule TNT binding into a detectable signal. Our conjugated PDA-based sensor coupled with molecular recognition elements has already proven useful recently in the development of another sensitive and selective electronic sensor, though we expect that our results will also be valuable in the design of colorimetric sensors for small-molecule detection.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0743-7463},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la104476p},\n\tauthor = {Jaworski, Justyn and Yokoyama, Keisuke and Zueger, Chris and Chung, Woo-Jae and Lee, Seung-Wuk and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Observation of Anisotropy in Thermal Conductivity of Individual Single-Crystalline Bismuth Nanowires.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Roh, J. W.; Hippalgaonkar, K.; Ham, J. H.; Chen, R.; Li, M. Z.; Ercius, P.; Majumdar, A.; Kim, W.; and Lee, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ACS Nano, 5: 3954-3960. May 2011 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Observation$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {445,\n\ttitle = {Observation of Anisotropy in Thermal Conductivity of Individual Single-Crystalline Bismuth Nanowires},\n\tjournal = {ACS Nano},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tmonth = {May 2011},\n\tpages = {3954-3960},\n\tabstract = {<p>The thermal conductivity of individual single-crystalline Bi nanowires grown by the on-film formation of nanowires (ON?OFF) has been investigated. We observed that the thermal conductivity of single-crystalline Bi nanowires is highly anisotropic. Thermal conductivity of nanowires (diameter ?100 nm) in the off-axis [1?02] and [110] directions exhibits a difference of ?7.0 W/m\\&middot;K. The thermal conductivity in both growth directions is diameter-dependent, which indicates that thermal transport through the individual Bi nanowires is limited by boundary scattering of both electrons and phonons. This huge anisotropy in thermal conductivities of Bi nanowires suggests the importance of direction-dependent characterization of charge, thermal transport, and thermoelectric properties of Bi nanowires.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1936-0851},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn200474d},\n\tauthor = {Roh, Jong Wook and Hippalgaonkar, Kedar and Ham, Jin Hee and Chen, Renkun and Li, Ming Zhi and Ercius, Peter and Majumdar, Arun and Kim, Woochul and Lee, Wooyoung}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Inverse Rectification in Donor–Acceptor Molecular Heterojunctions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yee, S. K.; Sun, J.; Darancet, P.; Tilley, T. D.; Majumdar, A.; Neaton, J. B.; and Segalman, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ACS Nano, 5: 9256-9263. November 2011 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Inverse$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {447,\n\ttitle = {Inverse Rectification in Donor{\\textendash}Acceptor Molecular Heterojunctions},\n\tjournal = {ACS Nano},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tmonth = {November 2011},\n\tpages = {9256-9263},\n\tabstract = {<p>The transport properties of a junction consisting of small donor?acceptor molecules bound to Au electrodes are studied and understood in terms of its hybrid donor?acceptor?electrode interfaces. A newly synthesized donor?acceptor molecule consisting of a bithiophene donor and a naphthalenediimide acceptor separated by a conjugated phenylacetylene bridge and a nonconjugated end group shows rectification in the reverse polarization, behavior opposite to that observed in mesoscopic p?n junctions. Solution-based spectroscopic measurements demonstrate that the molecule retains many of its original constituent properties, suggesting a weak hybridization between the wave functions of the donor and acceptor moieties, even in the presence of a conjugated bridge. Differential conductance measurements for biases as high as 1.5 V are reported and indicate a large asymmetry in the orbital contributions to transport arising from disproportionate electronic coupling at anode?donor and acceptor?cathode interfaces. A semi-empirical single Lorentzian coherent transport model, developed from experimental data and density functional theory based calculations, is found to explain the inverse rectification.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1936-0851},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn203520v},\n\tauthor = {Yee, Shannon K. and Sun, Jibin and Darancet, Pierre and Tilley, T. Don and Majumdar, Arun and Neaton, Jeffrey B. and Segalman, Rachel A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Critical heat flux of pool boiling on Si nanowire array-coated surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lu, M.; Chen, R.; Srinivasan, V.; Carey, V. P.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 54: 5359-5367. December 2011 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Critical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {451,\n\ttitle = {Critical heat flux of pool boiling on Si nanowire array-coated surfaces},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tmonth = {December 2011},\n\tpages = {5359-5367},\n\tabstract = {<p>Pool boiling of saturated water on plain Si surfaces and surfaces covered with a dense array of Si nanowires (SiNWs) has been studied. Measured CHF and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) values of about 223 \\&plusmn; 5.61 W/cm2 and 9 \\&plusmn; 1.60 W/cm2 K, respectively, on the nanowire array-coated surface are among the highest reported in boiling heat transfer. Meanwhile, the CHFs on both nanowire-coated and Plain Si surfaces show a similar heater size dependence \\&ndash; the CHF increases as heater size decreases. The measured CHFs on both types of surfaces are approximately following the prediction of the hydrodynamic theory assuming the Helmholtz wavelength equal to the corresponded heater length. It suggests that the CHFs on both types of surfaces might be limited by pool hydrodynamics.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Critical heat flux, Hydrodynamics, Nanowires, Pool boiling},\n\tisbn = {0017-9310},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931011004418},\n\tauthor = {Lu, Ming-Chang and Chen, Renkun and Srinivasan, Vinod and Carey, Van P. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal conductivity as a metric for the crystalline quality of SrTiO3 epitaxial layers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Oh, D.; Ravichandran, J.; Liang, C.; Siemons, W.; Jalan, B.; Brooks, C. M.; Huijben, M.; Schlom, D. G.; Stemmer, S.; Martin, L. W.; Majumdar, A.; Ramesh, R.; and Cahill, D. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 98: 221904. 2011/05/30 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {455,\n\ttitle = {Thermal conductivity as a metric for the crystalline quality of SrTiO3 epitaxial layers},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {98},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tmonth = {2011/05/30},\n\tpages = {221904},\n\tabstract = {<p>Measurements of thermal conductivity Λ by time-domain thermoreflectance in the temperature range 100 \\&lt; T \\&lt; 300 K are used to characterize the crystalline quality of epitaxial layers of a prototypical oxide, SrTiO 3 . Twenty samples from five institutions using two growth techniques, molecular beam epitaxy and pulsed laser deposition(PLD), were analyzed. Optimized growth conditions produce layers with Λ comparable to bulk single crystals. Many PLD layers, particularly those that use ceramics as the target material, show surprisingly low Λ . For homoepitaxial layers, the decrease in Λ created by point defects correlates well with the expansion of the lattice parameter in the direction normal to the surface.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Epitaxy, Point defects, Pulsed laser deposition, Thermal conductivity, Thin films},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/98/22/10.1063/1.3579993},\n\tauthor = {Oh, Dong-Wook and Ravichandran, Jayakanth and Liang, Chen-Wei and Siemons, Wolter and Jalan, Bharat and Brooks, Charles M. and Huijben, Mark and Schlom, Darrell G. and Stemmer, Susanne and Martin, Lane W. and Majumdar, Arun and Ramesh, Ramamoorthy and Cahill, David G.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An apparatus for simultaneous measurement of electrical conductivity and thermopower of thin films in the temperature range of 300–750 K.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ravichandran, J.; Kardel, J. T.; Scullin, M. L.; Bahk, J.; Heijmerikx, H.; Bowers, J. E.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Review of Scientific InstrumentsReview of Scientific Instruments, 82: 015108. 2011/01/01 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"An$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {465,\n\ttitle = {An apparatus for simultaneous measurement of electrical conductivity and thermopower of thin films in the temperature range of 300{\\textendash}750 K},\n\tjournal = {Review of Scientific InstrumentsReview of Scientific Instruments},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tmonth = {2011/01/01},\n\tpages = {015108},\n\tabstract = {An automated apparatus capable of measuring the electrical conductivity and thermopower of thin films over a temperature range of 300{\\textendash}750 K is reported. A standard dc resistancemeasurement in van der Pauw geometry was used to evaluate the electrical conductivity, and the thermopower was measured using the differential method. The design of the instrument, the methods used for calibration, and the measurement procedure are described in detail. Given the lack of a standard National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, Md.) sample for high temperature thermopower calibration, the disclosed calibration procedure shall be useful for calibration of new instruments.},\n\tkeywords = {Calibration, Electric measurements, Electrical conductivity, Electrical resistivity, Thermocouples},\n\tisbn = {0034-6748, 1089-7623},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/rsi/82/1/10.1063/1.3529438},\n\tauthor = {Ravichandran, J. and Kardel, J. T. and Scullin, M. L. and Bahk, J.-H. and Heijmerikx, H. and Bowers, J. E. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tuning the electronic effective mass in double-doped SrTiO3.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ravichandran, J.; Siemons, W.; Scullin, M. L.; Mukerjee, S.; Huijben, M.; Moore, J. E.; Majumdar, A.; and Ramesh, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review B, 83: 035101. January 4, 2011 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Tuning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {467,\n\ttitle = {Tuning the electronic effective mass in double-doped SrTiO3},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review B},\n\tvolume = {83},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tmonth = {January 4, 2011},\n\tpages = {035101},\n\tabstract = {<p>We elucidate the relationship between effective mass and carrier concentration in an oxide semiconductor controlled by a double-doping mechanism. In this model oxide system, Sr1\\&minus;xLaxTiO3\\&minus;δ, we can tune the effective mass ranging from 6 to 20me as a function of filling (carrier concentration) and the scattering mechanism, which are dependent on the chosen lanthanum- and oxygen-vacancy concentrations. The effective mass values were calculated from the Boltzmann transport equation using the measured transport properties of thin films of Sr1\\&minus;xLaxTiO3\\&minus;δ. We show that the effective mass decreases with carrier concentration in this large-band-gap, low-mobility oxide, and this behavior is contrary to the traditional high-mobility, small-effective-mass semiconductors.</p>\r\n},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.035101},\n\tauthor = {Ravichandran, J. and Siemons, W. and Scullin, M. L. and Mukerjee, S. and Huijben, M. and Moore, J. E. and Majumdar, A. and Ramesh, R.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Optical Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Using Fiber Aligned Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Malen, J. A.; Baheti, K.; Tong, T.; Zhao, Y.; Hudgings, J. A.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 133: 081601-081601. May 2, 2011 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Optical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {469,\n\ttitle = {Optical Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Using Fiber Aligned Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {133},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tmonth = {May 2, 2011},\n\tpages = {081601-081601},\n\tabstract = {<p>Fiber aligned frequency domain thermoreflectance (FAFDTR) is a simple noncontact optical technique for accurately measuring the thermal conductivity of thin films and bulk samples for a wide range of materials, including electrically conducting samples. FAFDTR is a single-sided measurement that requires minimal sample preparation and no microfabrication. Like existing thermoreflectance techniques, a modulated pump laser heats the sample surface, and a probe laser monitors the resultant thermal wave via the temperature dependent reflectance of the surface. Via the use of inexpensive fiber coupled diode lasers and common mode rejection, FAFDTR addresses three challenges of existing optical methods: complexity in setup, uncertainty in pump-probe alignment, and noise in the probe laser. FAFDTR was validated for thermal conductivities spanning three orders of magnitude (0.1\\&ndash;100\\&ensp;W/m\\&thinsp;K), and thin film thermal conductances greater than 10\\&ensp;W/m2\\&thinsp;K. Uncertainties of 10\\&ndash;15\\% were typical, and were dominated by uncertainties in the laser spot size. A parametric study of sensitivity for thin film samples shows that high thermal conductivity contrast between film and substrate is essential for making accurate measurements.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4003545},\n\tauthor = {Malen, Jonathan A. and Baheti, Kanhayalal and Tong, Tao and Zhao, Yang and Hudgings, Janice A. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermoelectricity in Fullerene–Metal Heterojunctions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yee, S. K.; Malen, J. A.; Majumdar, A.; and Segalman, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 11: 4089-4094. 2011-10-12 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermoelectricity$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {477,\n\ttitle = {Thermoelectricity in Fullerene{\\textendash}Metal Heterojunctions},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tmonth = {2011-10-12},\n\tpages = {4089-4094},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984, 1530-6992},\n\turl = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl2014839},\n\tauthor = {Yee, Shannon K. and Malen, Jonathan A. and Majumdar, Arun and Segalman, Rachel A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Selective and Sensitive TNT Sensors Using Biomimetic Polydiacetylene-Coated CNT-FETs.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kim, T. H.; Lee, B. Y.; Jaworski, J.; Yokoyama, K.; Chung, W.; Wang, E.; Hong, S.; Majumdar, A.; and Lee, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ACS Nano, 5(4): 2824–2830. apr 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Selective$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {kim_selective_2011,\n\ttitle = {Selective and Sensitive TNT Sensors Using Biomimetic Polydiacetylene-Coated CNT-FETs},\n\tjournal = {ACS Nano},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tmonth = {apr},\n\tpages = {2824{\\textendash}2830},\n\tabstract = {<p>Miniaturized smart sensors that can perform sensitive and selective real-time monitoring of target analytes are tremendously valuable for various sensing applications. We developed selective nanocoatings by combining trinitrotoluene (TNT) receptors bound to conjugated polydiacetylene (PDA) polymers with single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (SWNT-FET). Selective binding events between the TNT molecules and phage display derived TNT receptors were effectively transduced to sensitive SWNT-FET conductance sensors through the PDA coating layers. The resulting sensors exhibited an unprecedented 1 fM sensitivity toward TNT in real time, with excellent selectivity over various similar aromatic compounds. Our biomimetic receptor coating approach may be useful for the development of sensitive and selective micro- and nanoelectronic sensor devices for various other target analytes.</p>\r\n},\n\tissn = {1936-0851},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/nn103324p},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn103324p},\n\tauthor = {Kim, Tae Hyun and Lee, Byung Yang and Jaworski, Justyn and Yokoyama, Keisuke and Chung, Woo-Jae and Wang, Eddie and Hong, Seunghun and Majumdar, Arun and Lee, Seung-Wuk}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Transformative research issues and opportunities in energy efficiency.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chung, Y.; Wang, J.; Ajayi, O.; Biresaw, G.; Cao, J.; Hua, D.; Lapatovich, W.; Liu, W. K.; Majumdar, A.; Qureshi, F.; and Zhu, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 15(1): 16–19. feb 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Transformative$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {chung_transformative_2011,\n\ttitle = {Transformative research issues and opportunities in energy efficiency},\n\tjournal = {Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tmonth = {feb},\n\tpages = {16{\\textendash}19},\n\tabstract = {<p>This article summarizes the discussions and deliberations on transformative research issues and opportunities in energy efficiency identified by a panel of experts assembled for the Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation Division of the US National Science Foundation. The discussions were confined to two areas \\&ndash; reducing energy consumption in buildings and improving energy efficiency in transportation. While these represent only a very small segment of important areas in energy efficiency, the panel considered them to be the most promising in terms of return on investment in research efforts. In the area of reducing energy consumption in buildings, high-priority research topics include information technology infrastructure for fundamental data gathering, processing and management, whole system and process integration for design and operation of smart buildings, and high-performance building components and sub-systems. In the area of energy efficiency in transportation, high-priority research topics include development of high-temperature high-performance ferrous alloys, systems design of protective coatings, fundamental understanding of surface texturing effects on friction and wear, and development of oxidatively stable bio-based lubricants. The energy challenge is serious. We need sustained investment in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and talent development in these new technologies for the future of our civilization.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Bio-based lubricants, Energy efficiency, Energy-efficient lighting, High-performance alloys, Protective coatings, Smart buildings, Surface texturing},\n\tissn = {1359-0286},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.cossms.2010.09.005},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359028610000495},\n\tauthor = {Chung, Yip-Wah and Wang, Jane and Ajayi, Oyelayo and Biresaw, Girma and Cao, Jian and Hua, Diann and Lapatovich, Walter and Liu, Wing K. and Majumdar, Arun and Qureshi, Farrukh and Zhu, Dong}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermoplastic microcantilevers fabricated by nanoimprint lithography.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Greve, A.; Keller, S.; Vig, A. L.; Kristensen, A.; Larsson, D.; Yvind, K.; Hvam, J. M.; Cerruti, M.; Majumdar, A.; and Boisen, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 20: 015009. 2010-01-01 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermoplastic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {509,\n\ttitle = {Thermoplastic microcantilevers fabricated by nanoimprint lithography},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {2010-01-01},\n\tpages = {015009},\n\tabstract = {Nanoimprint lithography has been exploited to fabricate micrometre-sized cantilevers in thermoplastic. This technique allows for very well defined microcantilevers and gives the possibility of embedding structures into the cantilever surface. The microcantilevers are fabricated in TOPAS and are up to 500 ?m long, 100 ?m wide, and 4.5 ?m thick. Some of the cantilevers have built-in ripple surface structures with heights of 800 nm and pitches of 4 ?m. The yield for the cantilever fabrication is 95\\% and the initial out-of-plane bending is below 10 ?m. The stiffness of the cantilevers is measured by deflecting the cantilever with a well-characterized AFM probe. An average stiffness of 61.3 mN m?1 is found. Preliminary tests with water vapour indicate that the microcantilevers can be used directly for vapour sensing applications and illustrate the influence of surface structuring of the cantilevers.},\n\tisbn = {0960-1317},\n\turl = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/20/1/015009},\n\tauthor = {Greve, Anders and Keller, Stephan and Vig, Asger L. and Kristensen, Anders and Larsson, David and Yvind, Kresten and Hvam, J?rn M. and Cerruti, Marta and Majumdar, Arunava and Boisen, Anja}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fundamentals of energy transport, energy conversion, and thermal properties in organic–inorganic heterojunctions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Malen, J. A.; Yee, S. K.; Majumdar, A.; and Segalman, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Chemical Physics Letters, 491: 109-122. May 17, 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Fundamentals$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {513,\n\ttitle = {Fundamentals of energy transport, energy conversion, and thermal properties in organic{\\textendash}inorganic heterojunctions},\n\tjournal = {Chemical Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {491},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {May 17, 2010},\n\tpages = {109-122},\n\tabstract = {Hybrid devices built from organic and inorganic moieties are being actively researched as replacements for inorganic electronics, thermoelectrics, and photovoltaics. However, energy transport and conversion, at the organic{\\textendash}inorganic interface is not well understood. One approach to study this interface is to look at the smallest hybrid building block {\\textendash} the heterojunction of a single organic molecule with inorganic contacts. We present a review of this work, focused on fundamental transport properties of metal{\\textendash}molecule{\\textendash}metal junctions that are related to thermoelectric energy conversion, i.e., electronic conductance, thermopower, and thermal conductance. We describe the motives, strategies, and future directions for considering heterojunctions as building blocks for thermoelectric materials.},\n\tisbn = {0009-2614},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009261410004069},\n\tauthor = {Malen, Jonathan A. and Yee, Shannon K. and Majumdar, Arun and Segalman, Rachel A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n High-temperature thermoelectric response of double-doped ${\\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ epitaxial films.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ravichandran, J.; Siemons, W.; Oh, D.; Kardel, J. T.; Chari, A.; Heijmerikx, H.; Scullin, M. L.; Majumdar, A.; Ramesh, R.; and Cahill, D. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review B, 82: 165126. October 28, 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"High-temperature$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {515,\n\ttitle = {High-temperature thermoelectric response of double-doped ${\\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ epitaxial films},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review B},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {October 28, 2010},\n\tpages = {165126},\n\tabstract = {SrTiO3 is a promising n-type oxide semiconductor for thermoelectric energy conversion. Epitaxial thin films of SrTiO3 doped with both La and oxygen vacancies have been synthesized by pulsed laser deposition. The thermoelectric and galvanomagnetic properties of these films have been characterized at temperatures ranging from 300 to 900 K and are typical of a doped semiconductor. Thermopower values of double-doped films are comparable to previous studies of La-doped single crystals at similar carrier concentrations. The highest thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) was measured to be 0.28 at 873 K at a carrier concentration of 2.5{\\texttimes}1021 cm?3.},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.165126},\n\tauthor = {Ravichandran, J. and Siemons, W. and Oh, D.-W. and Kardel, J. T. and Chari, A. and Heijmerikx, H. and Scullin, M. L. and Majumdar, A. and Ramesh, R. and Cahill, D. G.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mechanics of liquid–liquid interfaces and mixing enhancement in microscale flows.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Verguet, S.; Duan, C.; Liau, A.; Berk, V.; Cate, J. H. D.; Majumdar, A.; and Szeri, A. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 652: 207–240. June 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Mechanics$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {517,\n\ttitle = {Mechanics of liquid{\\textendash}liquid interfaces and mixing enhancement in microscale flows},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},\n\tvolume = {652},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {June 2010},\n\tpages = {207{\\textendash}240},\n\tabstract = {Experimental work on mixing in microfluidic devices has been of growing importance in recent years. Interest in probing reaction kinetics faster than the minute or hour time scale has intensified research in designing microchannel devices that would allow the reactants to be mixed on a time scale faster than that of the reaction. Particular attention has been paid to the design of microchannels in order to enhance the advection phenomena in these devices. Ultimately, in vitro studies of biological reactions can now be performed in conditions that reflect their native intracellular environments. Liau et al. (Anal. Chem., vol. 77, 2005, p. 7618) have demonstrated a droplet-based microfluidic mixer that induces improved chaotic mixing of crowded solutions in milliseconds due to protrusions ({\\textquoteleft}bumps{\\textquoteright}) on the microchannel walls. Liau et al. (2005) have shown it to be possible to mix rapidly plugs of highly concentrated protein solutions such as bovine hemoglobin and bovine serum albumin. The present work concerns an analysis of the underlying mechanisms of shear stress transfer at liquid{\\textendash}liquid interfaces and associated enhanced mixing arising from the protrusions along the channel walls. The role of non-Newtonian rheology and surfactants is also considered within the mixing framework developed by Aref, Ottino and Wiggins in several publications. Specifically, we show that proportional thinning of the carrier fluid lubrication layer at the bumps leads to greater advection velocities within the plugs, which enhances mixing. When the fluid within the plugs is Newtonian, mixing will be enhanced by the bumps if they are sufficiently close to one another. Changing either the rheology of the fluid within the plugs (from Newtonian to non-Newtonian) or modifying the mechanics of the carrier fluid-plug interface (by populating it with insoluble surfactants) alters the mixing enhancement.},\n\tisbn = {1469-7645},\n\turl = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0022112009994113},\n\tauthor = {Verguet, St{\\'e}phane and Duan, Chuanhua and Liau, Albert and Berk, Veysel and Cate, Jamie H. D. and Majumdar, Arun and Szeri, Andrew J.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Pulsed laser deposition-induced reduction of SrTiO3 crystals.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scullin, M. L.; Ravichandran, J.; Yu, C.; Huijben, M.; Seidel, J.; Majumdar, A.; and Ramesh, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Acta Materialia, 58: 457-463. January 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Pulsed$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {519,\n\ttitle = {Pulsed laser deposition-induced reduction of SrTiO3 crystals},\n\tjournal = {Acta Materialia},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {January 2010},\n\tpages = {457-463},\n\tabstract = {We report a generic method for fast and efficient reduction of strontium titanate (SrTiO3, STO) single crystals by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of thin-films. The reduction was largely independent of the thin-film material deposited on the crystals. It is shown that thermodynamic conditions (450 {\\textdegree}C, 10?7 torr, 10{\\textendash}60 min), which normally reduce STO (0 0 1) substrates to roughly 5 nm into a crystal substrate, can reduce the same crystals throughout their 500 ?m thickness when coupled with the PLD. In situ characterization of the STO substrate resistance during thin-film growth is presented. This process opens up the possibility of employing STO substrates as a back-gate in functional oxide devices.},\n\tkeywords = {Electrical resistivity, Laser deposition, Perovskites, Secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Thin-films},\n\tisbn = {1359-6454},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135964540900620X},\n\tauthor = {Scullin, Matthew L. and Ravichandran, Jayakanth and Yu, Choongho and Huijben, Mark and Seidel, Jan and Majumdar, Arun and Ramesh, R.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Simultaneous Increase in Seebeck Coefficient and Conductivity in a Doped Poly(alkylthiophene) Blend with Defined Density of States.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sun, J.; Yeh, M.; Jung, B. J.; Zhang, B.; Feser, J.; Majumdar, A.; and Katz, H. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Macromolecules, 43: 2897-2903. March 23, 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Simultaneous$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {521,\n\ttitle = {Simultaneous Increase in Seebeck Coefficient and Conductivity in a Doped Poly(alkylthiophene) Blend with Defined Density of States},\n\tjournal = {Macromolecules},\n\tvolume = {43},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {March 23, 2010},\n\tpages = {2897-2903},\n\tabstract = {The Seebeck coefficient, a defining parameter for thermoelectric materials, depends on the contributions to conductivity of charge carriers at energies away from the Fermi level. Highly conductive materials tend to exhibit conductivity from carriers close to the Fermi level. In this article, we propose polymer blends in which ground state hole carriers, created by doping a minor additive component, are mainly at an orbital energy set below the hole energy of the major component of the blend. Transport, however, is expected to occur through the major component. This leads to a regime in which hole conductivity and Seebeck coefficient may be increased in parallel. While the absolute conductivity of the composite, and thus ZT, are not particularly high, this work demonstrates a route for designing thermoelectric materials in which increases in Seebeck coefficient and conductivity do not cancel each other.},\n\tisbn = {0024-9297},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma902467k},\n\tauthor = {Sun, J. and Yeh, M.-L. and Jung, B. J. and Zhang, B. and Feser, J. and Majumdar, A. and Katz, H. E.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermoelectric figure of merit of (In0.53Ga0.47As)0.8(In0.52Al0.48As)0.2 III-V semiconductor alloys.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bahk, J.; Bian, Z.; Zebarjadi, M.; Zide, J. M. O.; Lu, H.; Xu, D.; Feser, J. P.; Zeng, G.; Majumdar, A.; Gossard, A. C.; Shakouri, A.; and Bowers, J. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review B, 81: 235209. June 10, 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermoelectric$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {523,\n\ttitle = {Thermoelectric figure of merit of (In0.53Ga0.47As)0.8(In0.52Al0.48As)0.2 III-V semiconductor alloys},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review B},\n\tvolume = {81},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {June 10, 2010},\n\tpages = {235209},\n\tabstract = {The thermoelectric figure of merit is measured and theoretically analyzed for n-type Si-doped InGaAlAs III-V quaternary alloys at high temperatures. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of a Si-doped (In0.53Ga0.47As)0.8(In0.52Al0.48As)0.2 of 2 ?m thickness lattice matched to InP substrate grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are measured up to 800 K. The measurement results are analyzed using the Boltzmann transport theory based on the relaxation-time approximation and the theoretical calculation is extended to find optimal carrier densities that maximize the figure of merit at various temperatures. The figure of merit of 0.9 at 800 K is measured at a doping level of 1.9{\\texttimes}1018 cm?3 and the theoretical prediction shows that the figure of merit can reach 1.3 at 1000 K at a doping level of 1.5{\\texttimes}1018 cm?3.},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.235209},\n\tauthor = {Bahk, Je-Hyeong and Bian, Zhixi and Zebarjadi, Mona and Zide, Joshua M. O. and Lu, Hong and Xu, Dongyan and Feser, Joseph P. and Zeng, Gehong and Majumdar, Arun and Gossard, Arthur C. and Shakouri, Ali and Bowers, John E.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An Epitaxial Transparent Conducting Perovskite Oxide: Double-Doped SrTiO3.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ravichandran, J.; Siemons, W.; Heijmerikx, H.; Huijben, M.; Majumdar, A.; and Ramesh, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Chemistry of Materials, 22: 3983-3987. July 13, 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"An$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {525,\n\ttitle = {An Epitaxial Transparent Conducting Perovskite Oxide: Double-Doped SrTiO3},\n\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {July 13, 2010},\n\tpages = {3983-3987},\n\tabstract = {Epitaxial thin films of strontium titanate doped with different concentrations of lanthanum and oxygen vacancies were grown on LSAT substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique. Films grown with 5?15\\% La doping and a critical growth pressure of 1?10 mTorr showed high transparency (>70?95\\%) in the UV?visible range with a sheet resistance of 300?1000 ?/?. With the aid of UV?visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence, we establish the presence of oxygen vacancies and the possible band structure, which is crucial for the transparent conducting nature of these films. This demonstration will enable development of various epitaxial oxide heterostructures for both realizing opto-electronic devices and understanding their intrinsic optical properties.},\n\tisbn = {0897-4756},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm1005604},\n\tauthor = {Ravichandran, Jayakanth and Siemons, Wolter and Heijmerikx, Herman and Huijben, Mark and Majumdar, Arun and Ramesh, Ramamoorthy}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fabrication of Microdevices with Integrated Nanowires for Investigating Low-Dimensional Phonon Transport.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hippalgaonkar, K.; Huang, B.; Chen, R.; Sawyer, K.; Ercius, P.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 10: 4341-4348. November 10, 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Fabrication$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {527,\n\ttitle = {Fabrication of Microdevices with Integrated Nanowires for Investigating Low-Dimensional Phonon Transport},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {November 10, 2010},\n\tpages = {4341-4348},\n\tabstract = {Phonons in low-dimensional structures with feature sizes on the order of the phonon wavelength may be coherently scattered by the boundary. This may give rise to a new regime of heat conduction, which can impact thermal energy transport and conversion. Traditional methods used to investigate phonon transport in one-dimensional structures suffer from uncertainty due to contact resistance, defects, and limited control over sample dimensions. We have developed a new batch-fabrication technique for suspended microdevices with integrated silicon nanowires from silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. The nanowires are defect-free and have extremely high aspect ratios (length/critical dimension >2000). The nanowire dimensions (length and critical dimension) can be precisely controlled during fabrication. With these novel devices, phonon transport in silicon nanowires is systematically investigated. The room temperature thermal conductivity of nanowires with critical width around 80 nm is about 20 W/(m K) and much lower than that in smooth VLS wires. This suggests that the surface morphology of the structures has a significant effect on the thermal conductivity, but this phenomenon is not currently understood. This fabrication technique can also be used for thermal transport investigation in a wide-range of low-dimensional structures.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl101671r},\n\tauthor = {Hippalgaonkar, Kedar and Huang, Baoling and Chen, Renkun and Sawyer, Karma and Ercius, Peter and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Universal and Solution-Processable Precursor to Bismuth Chalcogenide Thermoelectrics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wang, R. Y.; Feser, J. P.; Gu, X.; Yu, K. M.; Segalman, R. A.; Majumdar, A.; Milliron, D. J.; and Urban, J. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Chemistry of Materials, 22: 1943-1945. March 23, 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Universal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {529,\n\ttitle = {Universal and Solution-Processable Precursor to Bismuth Chalcogenide Thermoelectrics},\n\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {March 23, 2010},\n\tpages = {1943-1945},\n\tisbn = {0897-4756},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm903769q},\n\tauthor = {Wang, Robert Y. and Feser, Joseph P. and Gu, Xun and Yu, Kin Man and Segalman, Rachel A. and Majumdar, Arun and Milliron, Delia J. and Urban, Jeffrey J.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanostructured Thermoelectrics: Big Efficiency Gains from Small Features.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vineis, C. J.; Shakouri, A.; Majumdar, A.; and Kanatzidis, M. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Advanced Materials, 22: 3970-3980. September 22, 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nanostructured$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {531,\n\ttitle = {Nanostructured Thermoelectrics: Big Efficiency Gains from Small Features},\n\tjournal = {Advanced Materials},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {September 22, 2010},\n\tpages = {3970-3980},\n\tabstract = {The field of thermoelectrics has progressed enormously and is now growing steadily because of recently demonstrated advances and strong global demand for cost-effective, pollution-free forms of energy conversion. Rapid growth and exciting innovative breakthroughs in the field over the last 10{\\textendash}15 years have occurred in large part due to a new fundamental focus on nanostructured materials. As a result of the greatly increased research activity in this field, a substantial amount of new data{\\textemdash}especially related to materials{\\textemdash}have been generated. Although this has led to stronger insight and understanding of thermoelectric principles, it has also resulted in misconceptions and misunderstanding about some fundamental issues. This article sets out to summarize and clarify the current understanding in this field; explain the underpinnings of breakthroughs reported in the past decade; and provide a critical review of various concepts and experimental results related to nanostructured thermoelectrics. We believe recent achievements in the field augur great possibilities for thermoelectric power generation and cooling, and discuss future paths forward that build on these exciting nanostructuring concepts.},\n\tkeywords = {nanostructures, semiconductors, structure-property relationships, thermoelectrics},\n\tisbn = {1521-4095},\n\turl = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201000839/abstract},\n\tauthor = {Vineis, Christopher J. and Shakouri, Ali and Majumdar, Arun and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anomalous ion transport in 2-nm hydrophilic nanochannels.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Duan, C.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature Nanotechnology, 5: 848-852. December 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Anomalous$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {533,\n\ttitle = {Anomalous ion transport in 2-nm hydrophilic nanochannels},\n\tjournal = {Nature Nanotechnology},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {December 2010},\n\tpages = {848-852},\n\tabstract = {Transmembrane proteins often contain nanoscale channels through which ions and molecules can pass either passively (by diffusion) or actively (by means of forced transport). These proteins play important roles in selective mass transport and electrical signalling in many biological processes. Fluidic nanochannels that are 1{\\textendash}2 nm in diameter act as functional mimics of protein channels, and have been used to explore the transport of ions and molecules in confined liquids. Here we report ion transport in 2-nm-deep nanochannels fabricated by standard semiconductor manufacturing processes. Ion transport in these nanochannels is dominated by surface charge until the ion concentration exceeds 100 mM. At low concentrations, proton mobility increases by a factor of four over the bulk value, possibly due to overlapping of the hydrogen-bonding network of the two hydration layers adjacent to the hydrophilic surfaces. The mobility of K+/Na+ ions also increases as the bulk concentration decreases, although the reasons for this are not completely understood.<br/>View full text},\n\tisbn = {1748-3387},\n\turl = {http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v5/n12/abs/nnano.2010.233.html},\n\tauthor = {Duan, Chuanhua and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n High efficiency semimetal/semiconductor nanocomposite thermoelectric materials.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zide, J. M. O.; Bahk, J.; Singh, R.; Zebarjadi, M.; Zeng, G.; Lu, H.; Feser, J. P.; Xu, D.; Singer, S. L.; Bian, Z. X.; Majumdar, A.; Bowers, J. E.; Shakouri, A.; and Gossard, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Physics, 108: 123702. 2010/12/15 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"High$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {535,\n\ttitle = {High efficiency semimetal/semiconductor nanocomposite thermoelectric materials},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {108},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {2010/12/15},\n\tpages = {123702},\n\tabstract = {Rare-earth impurities in III{\\textendash}V semiconductors are known to self-assemble into semimetallic nanoparticles which have been shown to reduce lattice thermal conductivity without harming electronic properties. Here, we show that adjusting the band alignment between ErAs and In 0.53 Ga 0.47 ? X Al X As allows energy-dependent scattering of carriers that can be used to increase thermoelectric power factor. Films of various Al concentrations were grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and thermoelectric properties were characterized. We observe concurrent increases in electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient with increasing temperatures, demonstrating energy-dependent scattering. We report the first simultaneous power factor enhancement and thermal conductivity reduction in a nanoparticle-based system, resulting in a high figure of merit, ZT = 1.33 at 800 K.},\n\tkeywords = {Electric measurements, Electron scattering, Nanoparticles, Thermal conductivity, Thermoelectric effects},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/108/12/10.1063/1.3514145},\n\tauthor = {Zide, J. M. O. and Bahk, J.-H. and Singh, R. and Zebarjadi, M. and Zeng, G. and Lu, H. and Feser, J. P. and Xu, D. and Singer, S. L. and Bian, Z. X. and Majumdar, A. and Bowers, J. E. and Shakouri, A. and Gossard, A. C.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Water-Processable Polymer?Nanocrystal Hybrids for Thermoelectrics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n See, K. C.; Feser, J. P.; Chen, C. E.; Majumdar, A.; Urban, J. J.; and Segalman, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 10: 4664-4667. November 10, 2010 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Water-Processable$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {537,\n\ttitle = {Water-Processable Polymer?Nanocrystal Hybrids for Thermoelectrics},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tmonth = {November 10, 2010},\n\tpages = {4664-4667},\n\tabstract = {We report the synthesis and thermoelectric characterization of composite nanocrystals composed of a tellurium core functionalized with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Solution processed nanocrystal films electronically out perform both PEDOT:PSS and unfunctionalized Te nanorods while retaining a polymeric thermal conductivity, resulting in a room temperature ZT ? 0.1. This combination of electronic and thermal transport indicates the potential for tailored transport in nanoscale organic/inorganic heterostructures.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl102880k},\n\tauthor = {See, Kevin C. and Feser, Joseph P. and Chen, Cynthia E. and Majumdar, Arun and Urban, Jeffrey J. and Segalman, Rachel A.}\n}\n

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\n \n 2009\n \n \n (8)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanowires for Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chen, R.; Lu, M.; Srinivasan, V.; Wang, Z.; Cho, H. H.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 9: 548-553. February 2009 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nanowires$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {493,\n\ttitle = {Nanowires for Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tmonth = {February 2009},\n\tpages = {548-553},\n\tabstract = {<p>Boiling is a common mechanism for liquid?vapor phase transition and is widely exploited in power generation and refrigeration devices and systems. The efficacy of boiling heat transfer is characterized by two parameters: (a) heat transfer coefficient (HTC) or the thermal conductance; (b) the critical heat flux (CHF) limit that demarcates the transition from high HTC to very low HTC. While increasing the CHF and the HTC has significant impact on system-level energy efficiency, safety, and cost, their values for water and other heat transfer fluids have essentially remained unchanged for many decades. Here we report that the high surface tension forces offered by liquids in nanowire arrays made of Si and Cu can be exploited to increase both the CHF and the HTC by more than 100\\%.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl8026857},\n\tauthor = {Chen, Renkun and Lu, Ming-Chang and Srinivasan, Vinod and Wang, Zhijie and Cho, Hyung Hee and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comparison of the 3 omega method and time-domain thermoreflectance for measurements of the cross-plane thermal conductivity of epitaxial semiconductors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koh, Y. K.; Singer, S. L.; Kim, W.; Zide, J. M. O.; Lu, H.; Cahill, D. G.; Majumdar, A.; and Gossard, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied PhysicsJournal of Applied Physics, 105: 054303. 2009/03/01 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Comparison$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {497,\n\ttitle = {Comparison of the 3 omega method and time-domain thermoreflectance for measurements of the cross-plane thermal conductivity of epitaxial semiconductors},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied PhysicsJournal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {105},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tmonth = {2009/03/01},\n\tpages = {054303},\n\tabstract = {<p>The 3 ? technique and time-domain thermoreflectance(TDTR) are two experimental methods capable of measuring the cross-plane thermal conductivity of thin films. We compare the cross-plane thermal conductivity measured by the 3 ? method and TDTR on epitaxial ( In 0.52 Al 0.48 ) x ( In 0.53 Ga 0.47 ) 1 ? x As alloy layers with embedded ErAs nanoparticles.Thermal conductivities measured by TDTR at low modulation frequencies ( ? 1 MHz ) are typically in good agreement with thermal conductivities measured by the 3 ? method. We discuss the accuracy and limitations of both methods and provide guidelines for estimating uncertainties for each approach.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Aluminium, Metallic thin films, Phonons, Thermal conductivity, Thin film thickness},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/105/5/10.1063/1.3078808},\n\tauthor = {Koh, Yee Kan and Singer, Suzanne L. and Kim, Woochul and Zide, Joshua M. O. and Lu, Hong and Cahill, David G. and Majumdar, Arun and Gossard, Arthur C.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Nature of Transport Variations in Molecular Heterojunction Electronics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Malen, J. A.; Doak, P.; Baheti, K.; Tilley, T. D.; Majumdar, A.; and Segalman, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 9: 3406-3412. October 14, 2009 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {499,\n\ttitle = {The Nature of Transport Variations in Molecular Heterojunction Electronics},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tmonth = {October 14, 2009},\n\tpages = {3406-3412},\n\tabstract = {Transport fluctuations and variations in a series of metal-molecule-metal junctions were quantified through measurements of their thermopower. Thiol bound aromatic molecules of various lengths and degrees of freedom were chosen to understand the magnitude and origins of the variations. Junction thermopower was determined by measuring the voltage difference across molecules trapped between two gold contacts held at different temperatures. While any given measurement was remarkably stable, the breadth of distributions from repeated measurements implies variations in the offset of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) relative to the Fermi Energy of the contacts, similar in magnitude to the nominal offset itself. Statistical analysis of data shows that these variations are born at the junction formation, increase with molecular length, and are dominated by variations in contact geometry and orbital hybridization, as well as intermolecular interactions.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl9013875},\n\tauthor = {Malen, Jonathan A. and Doak, Peter and Baheti, Kanhayalal and Tilley, T. Don and Majumdar, Arun and Segalman, Rachel A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Identifying the Length Dependence of Orbital Alignment and Contact Coupling in Molecular Heterojunctions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Malen, J. A.; Doak, P.; Baheti, K.; Tilley, T. D.; Segalman, R. A.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 9: 1164-1169. March 11, 2009 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Identifying$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {501,\n\ttitle = {Identifying the Length Dependence of Orbital Alignment and Contact Coupling in Molecular Heterojunctions},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tmonth = {March 11, 2009},\n\tpages = {1164-1169},\n\tabstract = {Transport in metal?molecule?metal junctions is defined by the alignment and coupling of molecular orbitals with continuum electronic states in the metal contacts. Length-dependent changes in molecular orbital alignment and coupling with contact states were probed via measurements and comparisons of thermopower (S) of a series of phenylenes and alkanes with varying binding groups. S increases linearly with length for phenylenediames and phenylenedithiols while it decreases linearly in alkanedithiols. Comparison of these data suggests that the molecular backbone determines the length dependence of S, while the binding group determines the zero length or contact S. Transport in phenylenes was dominated by the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), which aligns closer to the Fermi energy of the contacts as ?L?1, but becomes more decoupled from them as ?e?L. In contrast, the decreasing trend in S for alkanedithiols suggests that transmission is largely affected by gold?sulfur metal induced gap states residing between the HOMO and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl803814f},\n\tauthor = {Malen, Jonathan A. and Doak, Peter and Baheti, Kanhayalal and Tilley, T. Don and Segalman, Rachel A. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal probing of energy dissipation in current-carrying carbon nanotubes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shi, L.; Zhou, J.; Kim, P.; Bachtold, A.; Majumdar, A.; and McEuen, P. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Physics, 105: 104306. 2009/05/15 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {503,\n\ttitle = {Thermal probing of energy dissipation in current-carrying carbon nanotubes},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {105},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tmonth = {2009/05/15},\n\tpages = {104306},\n\tabstract = {The temperature distributions in current-carrying carbon nanotubes have been measured with a scanning thermal microscope. The obtained temperature profiles reveal diffusive and dissipative electron transport in multiwalled nanotubes and in single-walled nanotubes when the voltage bias was higher than the 0.1{\\textendash}0.2 eV optical phonon energy. Over 90\\% of the Joule heat in a multiwalled nanotube was found to be conducted along the nanotube to the two metal contacts. In comparison, about 80\\% of the Joule heat was transferred directly across the nanotube-substrate interface for single-walled nanotubes. The average temperature rise in the nanotubes is determined to be in the range of 5{\\textendash}42 K per microwatt Joule heat dissipation in the nanotubes.},\n\tkeywords = {Carbon nanotubes, Electric measurements, Electrodes, Temperature measurement, Thermal conductivity},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/105/10/10.1063/1.3126708},\n\tauthor = {Shi, Li and Zhou, Jianhua and Kim, Philip and Bachtold, Adrian and Majumdar, Arun and McEuen, Paul L.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermoelectric power generator module of 16×16Bi2Te3 and 0.6% ErAs:(InGaAs)1-x(InAlAs)x segmented elements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zeng, G.; Bahk, J.; Bowers, J. E.; Lu, H.; Gossard, A. C.; Singer, S. L.; Majumdar, A.; Bian, Z.; Zebarjadi, M.; and Shakouri, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 95: 083503. 2009/08/24 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermoelectric$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {505,\n\ttitle = {Thermoelectric power generator module of 16{\\texttimes}16Bi2Te3 and 0.6\\% ErAs:(InGaAs)1-x(InAlAs)x segmented elements},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {95},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tmonth = {2009/08/24},\n\tpages = {083503},\n\tabstract = {<p>We report the fabrication and characterization of thermoelectric power generator modules of 16 \\&times; 16 segmented elements consisting of 0.8 mm thick Bi 2 Te 3 and 50 ? m thick ErAs : ( InGaAs ) 1 ? x ( InAlAs ) x with 0.6\\% ErAs by volume. An output power up to 6.3 W was measured when the heat source temperature was at 610 K. The thermoelectricproperties of ( InGaAs ) 1 ? x ( InAlAs ) x were characterized from 300 up to 830 K. The finite element modeling shows that the performance of the generator modules can further be enhanced by improving the thermoelectricproperties of the element materials, and reducing the electrical and thermal parasitic losses.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {III-V semiconductors, Materials properties, Thermal conductivity, Thermoelectric devices, Thermoelectric effects},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/95/8/10.1063/1.3213347},\n\tauthor = {Zeng, Gehong and Bahk, Je-Hyeong and Bowers, John E. and Lu, Hong and Gossard, Arthur C. and Singer, Suzanne L. and Majumdar, Arun and Bian, Zhixi and Zebarjadi, Mona and Shakouri, Ali}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermoelectric devices: Helping chips to keep their cool.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature Nanotechnology, 4: 214-215. April 2009 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermoelectric$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {507,\n\ttitle = {Thermoelectric devices: Helping chips to keep their cool},\n\tjournal = {Nature Nanotechnology},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tmonth = {April 2009},\n\tpages = {214-215},\n\tabstract = {As the removal of excess heat becomes increasingly important in semiconductor devices, localized thermoelectric cooling might be the answer to the problem of hotspots.},\n\tisbn = {1748-3387},\n\turl = {http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v4/n4/abs/nnano.2009.65.html},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Polymer-Oligopeptide Composite Coating for Selective Detection of Explosives in Water.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cerruti, M.; Jaworski, J.; Raorane, D.; Zueger, C.; Varadarajan, J.; Carraro, C.; Lee, S.; Maboudian, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Analytical Chemistry, 81: 4192-4199. June 1, 2009 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Polymer-Oligopeptide$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {511,\n\ttitle = {Polymer-Oligopeptide Composite Coating for Selective Detection of Explosives in Water},\n\tjournal = {Analytical Chemistry},\n\tvolume = {81},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tmonth = {June 1, 2009},\n\tpages = {4192-4199},\n\tabstract = {The selective detection of a specific target molecule in a complex environment containing potential contaminants presents a significant challenge in chemical sensor development. Utilizing phage display techniques against trinitrotoluene (TNT) and dinitrotoluene (DNT) targets, peptide receptors have previously been identified with selective binding capabilities for these molecules. For practical applications, these receptors must be immobilized onto the surface of sensor platforms at high density while maintaining their ability to bind target molecules. In this paper, a polymeric matrix composed of poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PEGM) has been prepared. A high density of receptors was covalently linked through reaction of amino groups present in the receptor with epoxy groups present in the co-polymer. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and gas-chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), this attachment strategy is demonstrated to lead to stably bound receptors, which maintain their selective binding ability for TNT. The TNT receptor/PEGM conjugates retained 10-fold higher TNT binding ability in liquid compared to the lone PEGM surface and 3-fold higher TNT binding compared to non-specific receptor conjugates. In contrast, non-target DNT exposure yielded undetectable levels of binding. These results indicate that this polymeric construct is an effective means of facilitating selective target interaction both in an aqueous environment. Finally, real-time detection experiments were performed using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as the sensing platform. Selective detection of TNT vs DNT was demonstrated using QCM crystals coated with PEGM/TNT receptor, highlighting that this receptor coating can be incorporated as a sensing element in a standard detection device for practical applications.},\n\tisbn = {0003-2700},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac8019174},\n\tauthor = {Cerruti, Marta and Jaworski, Justyn and Raorane, Digvijay and Zueger, Chris and Varadarajan, John and Carraro, Carlo and Lee, Seung-Wuk and Maboudian, Roya and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n 2008\n \n \n (15)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Probing the Chemistry of Molecular Heterojunctions Using Thermoelectricity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Baheti, K.; Malen, J. A.; Doak, P.; Reddy, P.; Jang, S.; Tilley, T. D.; Majumdar, A.; and Segalman, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 8: 715-719. February 1, 2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Probing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {561,\n\ttitle = {Probing the Chemistry of Molecular Heterojunctions Using Thermoelectricity},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {February 1, 2008},\n\tpages = {715-719},\n\tabstract = {Thermopower measurements offer an alternative transport measurement that can characterize the dominant transport orbital and is independent of the number of molecules in the junction. This method is now used to explore the effect of chemical structure on the electronic structure and charge transport. We interrogate junctions, using a modified scanning tunneling microscope break junction technique, where:? (i) the 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT) molecule has been modified by the addition of electron-withdrawing or -donating groups such as fluorine, chlorine, and methyl on the benzene ring; and (ii) the thiol end groups on BDT have been replaced by the cyanide end groups. Cyanide end groups were found to radically change transport relative to BDT such that transport is dominated by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital in 1,4-benzenedicyanide, while substituents on BDT generated small and predictable changes in transmission.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl072738l},\n\tauthor = {Baheti, Kanhayalal and Malen, Jonathan A. and Doak, Peter and Reddy, Pramod and Jang, Sung-Yeon and Tilley, T. Don and Majumdar, Arun and Segalman, Rachel A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enhanced thermoelectric performance of rough silicon nanowires.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hochbaum, A. I.; Chen, R.; Delgado, R. D.; Liang, W.; Garnett, E. C.; Najarian, M.; Majumdar, A.; and Yang, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature, 451: 163-167. January 10, 2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Enhanced$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {563,\n\ttitle = {Enhanced thermoelectric performance of rough silicon nanowires},\n\tjournal = {Nature},\n\tvolume = {451},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {January 10, 2008},\n\tpages = {163-167},\n\tabstract = {Approximately 90 per cent of the world{\\textquoteright}s power is generated by heat engines that use fossil fuel combustion as a heat source and typically operate at 30{\\textendash}40 per cent efficiency, such that roughly 15 terawatts of heat is lost to the environment. Thermoelectric modules could potentially convert part of this low-grade waste heat to electricity. Their efficiency depends on the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of their material components, which is a function of the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity and absolute temperature. Over the past five decades it has been challenging to increase ZT > 1, since the parameters of ZT are generally interdependent. While nanostructured thermoelectric materials can increase ZT > 1 (refs 2{\\textendash}4), the materials (Bi, Te, Pb, Sb, and Ag) and processes used are not often easy to scale to practically useful dimensions. Here we report the electrochemical synthesis of large-area, wafer-scale arrays of rough Si nanowires that are 20{\\textendash}300 nm in diameter. These nanowires have Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity values that are the same as doped bulk Si, but those with diameters of about 50 nm exhibit 100-fold reduction in thermal conductivity, yielding ZT = 0.6 at room temperature. For such nanowires, the lattice contribution to thermal conductivity approaches the amorphous limit for Si, which cannot be explained by current theories. Although bulk Si is a poor thermoelectric material, by greatly reducing thermal conductivity without much affecting the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity, Si nanowire arrays show promise as high-performance, scalable thermoelectric materials.},\n\tisbn = {0028-0836},\n\turl = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v451/n7175/abs/nature06381.html},\n\tauthor = {Hochbaum, Allon I. and Chen, Renkun and Delgado, Raul Diaz and Liang, Wenjie and Garnett, Erik C. and Najarian, Mark and Majumdar, Arun and Yang, Peidong}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evolutionary Screening of Biomimetic Coatings for Selective Detection of Explosives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jaworski, J. W.; Raorane, D.; Huh, J. H.; Majumdar, A.; and Lee, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Langmuir, 24: 4938-4943. May 1, 2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Evolutionary$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {565,\n\ttitle = {Evolutionary Screening of Biomimetic Coatings for Selective Detection of Explosives},\n\tjournal = {Langmuir},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {May 1, 2008},\n\tpages = {4938-4943},\n\tabstract = {Susceptibility of chemical sensors to false positive signals remains a common drawback due to insufficient sensor coating selectivity. By mimicking biology, we have demonstrated the use of sequence-specific biopolymers to generate highly selective receptors for trinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene. Using mutational analysis, we show that the identified binding peptides recognize the target substrate through multivalent binding with key side chain amino acid elements. Additionally, our peptide-based receptors embedded in a hydrogel show selective binding to target molecules in the gas phase. These experiments demonstrate the technique of receptor screening in liquid to be translated to selective gas-phase target binding, potentially impacting the design of a new class of sensor coatings.},\n\tisbn = {0743-7463},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la7035289},\n\tauthor = {Jaworski, Justyn W. and Raorane, Digvijay and Huh, Jin H. and Majumdar, Arunava and Lee, Seung-Wuk}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Approximate Analytical Models for Phonon Specific Heat and Ballistic Thermal Conductance of Nanowires.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasher, R.; Tong, T.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 8: 99-103. January 1, 2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Approximate$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {567,\n\ttitle = {Approximate Analytical Models for Phonon Specific Heat and Ballistic Thermal Conductance of Nanowires},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {January 1, 2008},\n\tpages = {99-103},\n\tabstract = {We introduce simple approximate analytical models for phonon specific heat and ballistic thermal conductance of nanowires. The analytical model is in excellent agreement with the detailed numerical calculations based on the solution of the elastic wave equation and is also in good agreement with the ballistic thermal conductance data by Schwab et al. (Nature 2000, 404, 974). Finally, we propose a demarcating criterion in terms of temperature, dimension, and material properties to capture the dimensional crossover from a three-dimensional (3D) bulk system to a one-dimensional (1D) system.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0721665},\n\tauthor = {Prasher, Ravi and Tong, Tao and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Height Independent Compressive Modulus of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tong, T.; Zhao, Y.; Delzeit, L.; Kashani, A.; Meyyappan, M.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 8: 511-515. February 1, 2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Height$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {569,\n\ttitle = {Height Independent Compressive Modulus of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {February 1, 2008},\n\tpages = {511-515},\n\tabstract = {The compressive modulus of dense vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays synthesized by chemical vapor deposition was investigated using an optically probed precision-loading platform. For CNT arrays with heights ranging from 15 to 500 ?m, the moduli were measured to be about 0.25 MPa and were found to be independent of array height. A continuum mechanics model based on multimode buckling guided by the wavy features of CNT arrays is derived and explains well the measured compressive properties. The measured compressive modulus of the CNT arrays also satisfies the ?Dahlquist tack criterion? for pressure sensitive adhesives, which was previously observed for these vertically aligned CNT arrays (Zhao, Y., et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 2006, 24, 331?335).},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl072709a},\n\tauthor = {Tong, Tao and Zhao, Yang and Delzeit, Lance and Kashani, Ali and Meyyappan, M. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The influence of oxygen deficiency on the thermoelectric properties of strontium titanates.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yu, C.; Scullin, M. L.; Huijben, M.; Ramesh, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 92: 092118. 2008/03/03 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {571,\n\ttitle = {The influence of oxygen deficiency on the thermoelectric properties of strontium titanates},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {92},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {2008/03/03},\n\tpages = {092118},\n\tabstract = {We report oxygen reduction in bulk strontium titanate substrates when a thin film was deposited in an oxygen-deficient environment. The oxygen diffusion occurred at moderate temperatures and oxygen pressures, which were not enough to produce detectable oxygen vacancies without the film deposition. In order to identify the reduction, we used a series of different annealing conditions and various substrates and performed comparative studies regarding thermoelectricproperties before and after removing the films. Our experimental results suggest that the measurements of material properties of thin films on Sr Ti O 3 single crystal substrates need to be performed carefully due to its strong susceptibility to oxygen deficient conditions.},\n\tkeywords = {Annealing, Electrical resistivity, Ozone, Thin film deposition, Thin films},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/92/9/10.1063/1.2890493},\n\tauthor = {Yu, Choongho and Scullin, Matthew L. and Huijben, Mark and Ramesh, Ramamoorthy and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Label-Free Protein Recognition Two-Dimensional Array Using Nanomechanical Sensors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yue, M.; Stachowiak, J. C.; Lin, H.; Datar, R.; Cote, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 8: 520-524. February 1, 2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Label-Free$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {573,\n\ttitle = {Label-Free Protein Recognition Two-Dimensional Array Using Nanomechanical Sensors},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {February 1, 2008},\n\tpages = {520-524},\n\tabstract = {We demonstrate two-dimensional multiplexed real-time, label-free antibody?antigen binding assays by optically detecting nanoscale motions of two-dimensional arrays of microcantilever beams. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was assayed using antibodies covalently bound to one surface of the cantilevers by two different surface chemistries, while the nonreaction surfaces were passivated by poly(ethylene glycol)-silane. PSA as low as 1 ng/mL was detected while 2 mg/?l of bovine serum albumin induced only negligible deflection on the cantilevers.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl072740c},\n\tauthor = {Yue, Min and Stachowiak, Jeanne C. and Lin, Henry and Datar, Ram and Cote, Richard and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal conductivity reduction in oxygen-deficient strontium titanates.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yu, C.; Scullin, M. L.; Huijben, M.; Ramesh, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 92: 191911. 2008/05/12 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {575,\n\ttitle = {Thermal conductivity reduction in oxygen-deficient strontium titanates},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {92},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {2008/05/12},\n\tpages = {191911},\n\tabstract = {We report significant thermal conductivity reduction in oxygen-deficient lanthanum-doped strontiumtitanate ( Sr 1 - x La x Ti O 3 - δ ) films as compared to unreduced strontiumtitanates. Our experimental results suggest that the oxygen vacancies could have played an important role in the reduction. This could be due to the nature of randomly distributed and clustered vacancies, which would be very effective to scatter phonons. Our results could provide a pathway for tailoring the thermal conductivity of complex oxides, which is very beneficial to various applications including thermoelectrics.},\n\tkeywords = {Ozone, Phonons, Thermal conductivity, Thermoelectric effects, Vacancies},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/92/19/10.1063/1.2930679},\n\tauthor = {Yu, Choongho and Scullin, Matthew L. and Huijben, Mark and Ramesh, Ramamoorthy and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Review of Heat Transfer Physics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carey, V. P.; Chen, G.; Grigoropoulos, C.; Kaviany, M.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 12: 1-60. April 2, 2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {577,\n\ttitle = {A Review of Heat Transfer Physics},\n\tjournal = {Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {April 2, 2008},\n\tpages = {1-60},\n\tabstract = {With rising science contents of the engineering research and education, we give examples of the quest for fundamental understanding of heat transfer at the atomic level. These include transport as well as interactions (energy conversion) involving phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon (or electromagnetic wave). Examples are development of MD and DSMC fluid simulations as tools in nanoscale and microscale thermophysical engineering.nanoscale thermal radiation, where the characteristic structural size becomes comparable to or smaller than the radiation (electromagnetic) wavelength.laser-based nanoprocessing, where the surface topography, texture, etc., are modified with nanometer lateral feature definition using pulsed laser beams and confining optical energy by coupling to near-field scanning optical microscopes.photon-electron-phonon couplings in laser cooling of solids, where the thermal vibrational energy (phonon) is removed by the anti-Stokes fluorescence; i.e., the photons emitted by an optical material have a mean energy higher than that of the absorbed photons.exploring the limits of thermal transport in nanostructured materials using spectrally dependent phonon scattering and vibrational spectra mismatching, to impede a particular phonon bands. These examples suggest that the atomic-level heat transfer builds on and expands electromagnetism (EM), atomic-molecular-optical physics, and condensed-matter physics. The theoretical treatments include ab initio calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, Boltzmann transport theory, and near-field EM thermal emission prediction. Experimental methods include near-field microscopy. Heat transfer physics describes the kinetics of storage, transport, and transformation of microscale energy carriers (phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon). Sensible heat is stored in the thermal motion of atoms in various phases of matter. The atomic energy states and their populations are described by the classical and the quantum statistical mechanics (partition function and combinatoric energy distribution probabilities). Transport of thermal energy by the microscale carriers is based on their particle, quasi-particle, and wave descriptions; their diffusion, flow, and propagation; and their scattering and transformation encountered as they travel. The mechanisms of energy transitions among these energy carriers, and their rates (kinetics), are governed by the match of their energies, their interaction probabilities, and the various hindering-mechanism rate (kinetics) limits. Conservation of energy describes the interplay among energy storage, transport, and conversion, from the atomic to the continuum scales. With advances in micro- and nanotechnology, heat transfer engineering of micro- and nanostructured systems has offered new opportunities for research and education. New journals, including Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, have allowed communication of new specific/general as well directly useful/educational ideas on heat transfer physics. In an effort to give a more collective perspective of such contribution, here we put together a collection on small-scale heat transfer involving phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon. These are Development of MD and DSMC fluid simulations as tools in nanoscale and microscale thermophysical engineering (Carey)Nanoscale thermal radiation (Chen)Laser-based nanoprocessing (Grigoropoulos)Photon-electron-phonon couplings in laser cooling of solids (Kaviany)Exploring the limits of thermal transport in nanostructured materials (Majumdar).},\n\tisbn = {1556-7265},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15567260801917520},\n\tauthor = {Carey, V. P. and Chen, G. and Grigoropoulos, C. and Kaviany, M. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n With rising science contents of the engineering research and education, we give examples of the quest for fundamental understanding of heat transfer at the atomic level. These include transport as well as interactions (energy conversion) involving phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon (or electromagnetic wave). Examples are development of MD and DSMC fluid simulations as tools in nanoscale and microscale thermophysical engineering.nanoscale thermal radiation, where the characteristic structural size becomes comparable to or smaller than the radiation (electromagnetic) wavelength.laser-based nanoprocessing, where the surface topography, texture, etc., are modified with nanometer lateral feature definition using pulsed laser beams and confining optical energy by coupling to near-field scanning optical microscopes.photon-electron-phonon couplings in laser cooling of solids, where the thermal vibrational energy (phonon) is removed by the anti-Stokes fluorescence; i.e., the photons emitted by an optical material have a mean energy higher than that of the absorbed photons.exploring the limits of thermal transport in nanostructured materials using spectrally dependent phonon scattering and vibrational spectra mismatching, to impede a particular phonon bands. These examples suggest that the atomic-level heat transfer builds on and expands electromagnetism (EM), atomic-molecular-optical physics, and condensed-matter physics. The theoretical treatments include ab initio calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, Boltzmann transport theory, and near-field EM thermal emission prediction. Experimental methods include near-field microscopy. Heat transfer physics describes the kinetics of storage, transport, and transformation of microscale energy carriers (phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon). Sensible heat is stored in the thermal motion of atoms in various phases of matter. The atomic energy states and their populations are described by the classical and the quantum statistical mechanics (partition function and combinatoric energy distribution probabilities). Transport of thermal energy by the microscale carriers is based on their particle, quasi-particle, and wave descriptions; their diffusion, flow, and propagation; and their scattering and transformation encountered as they travel. The mechanisms of energy transitions among these energy carriers, and their rates (kinetics), are governed by the match of their energies, their interaction probabilities, and the various hindering-mechanism rate (kinetics) limits. Conservation of energy describes the interplay among energy storage, transport, and conversion, from the atomic to the continuum scales. With advances in micro- and nanotechnology, heat transfer engineering of micro- and nanostructured systems has offered new opportunities for research and education. New journals, including Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, have allowed communication of new specific/general as well directly useful/educational ideas on heat transfer physics. In an effort to give a more collective perspective of such contribution, here we put together a collection on small-scale heat transfer involving phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon. These are Development of MD and DSMC fluid simulations as tools in nanoscale and microscale thermophysical engineering (Carey)Nanoscale thermal radiation (Chen)Laser-based nanoprocessing (Grigoropoulos)Photon-electron-phonon couplings in laser cooling of solids (Kaviany)Exploring the limits of thermal transport in nanostructured materials (Majumdar).\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anomalously large measured thermoelectric power factor in Sr1-xLaxTiO3 thin films due to SrTiO3 substrate reduction.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scullin, M. L.; Yu, C.; Huijben, M.; Mukerjee, S.; Seidel, J.; Zhan, Q.; Moore, J.; Majumdar, A.; and Ramesh, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 92: 202113. 2008/05/19 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Anomalously$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {579,\n\ttitle = {Anomalously large measured thermoelectric power factor in Sr1-xLaxTiO3 thin films due to SrTiO3 substrate reduction},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {92},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {2008/05/19},\n\tpages = {202113},\n\tabstract = {We report the observation that thermoelectric thin films of La-doped Sr Ti O 3 grown on Sr Ti O 3 substrates yield anomalously high values of thermopower to give extraordinary values of power factor at 300 K . Thin films of Sr 0.98 La 0.02 Ti O 3 , grown via pulsed laser deposition at low temperature and low pressure ( 450 {\\textdegree} C , 10 - 7 Torr ), do not yield similarly high values when grown on other substrates. The thin-filmgrowth induces oxygen reduction in the Sr Ti O 3 crystals, doping the substrate n type. It is found that the backside resistance of the Sr Ti O 3 substrates is as low ( \\~{} 12 Ω / ◻ ) as it is on the film side after film growth.},\n\tkeywords = {Doping, Ozone, Thin film growth, Thin films, Vacancies},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/92/20/10.1063/1.2916690},\n\tauthor = {Scullin, Matthew L. and Yu, Choongho and Huijben, Mark and Mukerjee, Subroto and Seidel, Jan and Zhan, Qian and Moore, Joel and Majumdar, Arun and Ramesh, R.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enhanced Thermopower in PbSe Nanocrystal Quantum Dot Superlattices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wang, R. Y.; Feser, J. P.; Lee, J.; Talapin, D. V.; Segalman, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 8: 2283-2288. August 1, 2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Enhanced$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {581,\n\ttitle = {Enhanced Thermopower in PbSe Nanocrystal Quantum Dot Superlattices},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {August 1, 2008},\n\tpages = {2283-2288},\n\tabstract = {We examine the effect of strong three-dimensional quantum confinement on the thermopower and electrical conductivity of PbSe nanocrystal superlattices. We show that for comparable carrier concentrations PbSe nanocrystal superlattices exhibit a substantial thermopower enhancement of several hundred microvolts per Kelvin relative to bulk PbSe. We also find that thermopower increases monotonically as the nanocrystal size decreases due to changes in carrier concentration. Lastly, we demonstrate that thermopower of PbSe nanocrystal solids can be tailored by charge-transfer doping.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl8009704},\n\tauthor = {Wang, Robert Y. and Feser, Joseph P. and Lee, Jong-Soo and Talapin, Dmitri V. and Segalman, Rachel and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breakdown of Fourier\\textquoterights Law in Nanotube Thermal Conductors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chang, C. W.; Okawa, D.; Garcia, H.; Majumdar, A.; and Zettl, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review Letters, 101: 075903. August 15, 2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breakdown$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {585,\n\ttitle = {Breakdown of Fourier{\\textquoteright}s Law in Nanotube Thermal Conductors},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review Letters},\n\tvolume = {101},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {August 15, 2008},\n\tpages = {075903},\n\tabstract = {We present experimental evidence that the room temperature thermal conductivity (κ) of individual multiwalled carbon and boron-nitride nanotubes does not obey Fourier{\\textquoteright}s empirical law of thermal conduction. Because of isotopic disorder, κ{\\textquoteright}s of carbon nanotubes and boron-nitride nanotubes show different length dependence behavior. Moreover, for these systems we find that Fourier{\\textquoteright}s law is violated even when the phonon mean free path is much shorter than the sample length.},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.075903},\n\tauthor = {Chang, C. W. and Okawa, D. and Garcia, H. and Majumdar, A. and Zettl, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Poly(ethylene glycol) Monolayer Formation and Stability on Gold and Silicon Nitride Substrates.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cerruti, M.; Fissolo, S.; Carraro, C.; Ricciardi, C.; Majumdar, A.; and Maboudian, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Langmuir, 24: 10646-10653. October 7, 2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Poly(ethylene$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {595,\n\ttitle = {Poly(ethylene glycol) Monolayer Formation and Stability on Gold and Silicon Nitride Substrates},\n\tjournal = {Langmuir},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {October 7, 2008},\n\tpages = {10646-10653},\n\tabstract = {Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are extensively used to modify substrates to prevent nonspecific protein adsorption and to increase hydrophilicity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, complemented by water contact angle measurements, is employed to investigate the formation and stability upon aging and heating of PEG monolayers formed on gold and silicon nitride substrates. In particular, thiolated PEG monolayers on gold, with and without the addition of an undecylic spacer chain, and PEG monolayers formed with oxysilane precursors on silicon nitride have been probed. It is found that PEG-thiol SAMs are degraded after less than two weeks of exposure to air and when heated at temperatures as low as 120 {\\textdegree}C. On the contrary, PEG-silane SAMs are stable for more than two weeks, and fewer molecules are desorbed even after two months of aging, compared to those desorbed in two weeks from the PEG-thiol SAMs. A strongly bound hydration layer is found on PEG-silane SAMs aged for two months. Heating PEG-silane SAMs to temperatures as high as 160 {\\textdegree}C improves the quality of the monolayer, desorbing weakly bound contaminants. The differences in stability between PEG-thiol SAMs and PEG-silane SAMs are ascribed to the different types of bonding to the surface and to the fact that the thiol?Au bond can be easily oxidized, thus causing desorption of PEG molecules from the surface.},\n\tisbn = {0743-7463},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la801357v},\n\tauthor = {Cerruti, Marta and Fissolo, Stefano and Carraro, Carlo and Ricciardi, Carlo and Majumdar, Arun and Maboudian, Roya}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reducing Thermal Conductivity of Crystalline Solids at High Temperature Using Embedded Nanostructures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kim, W.; Singer, S. L.; Majumdar, A.; Zide, J. M. O.; Klenov, D.; Gossard, A. C.; and Stemmer, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 8: 2097-2099. July 1, 2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Reducing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {597,\n\ttitle = {Reducing Thermal Conductivity of Crystalline Solids at High Temperature Using Embedded Nanostructures},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {July 1, 2008},\n\tpages = {2097-2099},\n\tabstract = {Thermal conductivity of a crystalline solid at high temperature is dominated by the Umklapp process because the number of high frequency phonons increases with temperature. It is challenging to reduce the thermal conductivity of crystalline solids at high temperature although it is widely known that, by increasing the atomic defect concentration, thermal conductivity of crystalline solids can be reduced at low temperature. By increasing the concentration of ErAs nanoparticles in In0.53Ga0.47As up to 6 atom \\%, we demonstrate a thermal conductivity reduction by almost a factor of 3 below that of In0.53Ga0.47As at high temperature. A theoretical model suggests that the mean free path of the low frequency phonons is suppressed by increasing the ErAs nanoparticle concentration.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl080189t},\n\tauthor = {Kim, Woochul and Singer, Suzanne L. and Majumdar, Arun and Zide, Joshua M. O. and Klenov, Dmitri and Gossard, Arthur C. and Stemmer, Susanne}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanomechanical Assay to Investigate the Selectivity of Binding Interactions between Volatile Benzene Derivatives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raorane, D.; Lim, S. \".; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 8. 08/2008 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nanomechanical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {599,\n\ttitle = {Nanomechanical Assay to Investigate the Selectivity of Binding Interactions between Volatile Benzene Derivatives},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {08/2008},\n\ttype = {Journal Article},\n\tchapter = {2229-2235},\n\tabstract = {<p>Understanding the interactions between aromatic gas molecules and various simple aromatic receptor molecules is important in developing selective receptors for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, five benzene thiols with different functional end groups were used to investigate the weak binding of aromatic vapors such as dinitrotolouene (DNT) and toluene. A multiplexed microcantilever array in conjunction with a very low concentration vapor generation system was developed to study multiple receptor?target interactions simultaneously. Differential nanomechanical responses of such devices provided insight into the influence of various chemical and structural features of such molecules.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl080829s},\n\tauthor = {Raorane, Digvijay and Lim, Si-Hyung "Shawn" and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n 2007\n \n \n (11)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Using a Microcantilever Array for Detecting Phase Transitions and Stability of DNA.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biswal, S. L.; Raorane, D.; Chaiken, A.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, 27: 163-171. March 2007 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Using$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {539,\n\ttitle = {Using a Microcantilever Array for Detecting Phase Transitions and Stability of DNA},\n\tjournal = {Clinics in Laboratory Medicine},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tmonth = {March 2007},\n\tpages = {163-171},\n\tabstract = {The authors report the extension of the microcantilever platform to study the thermal phase transition of biomolecules as they are heated. Microcantilever-based sensors directly translate changes in Gibbs free energy due to macromolecular interactions into mechanical responses. The authors observed surface stress changes in response to thermal dehybridization of double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides that are attached onto one side of a microcantilever. Once the cantilever is heated, the DNA undergoes a transition as the complementary strand melts, which results in changes in the cantilever deflection. This deflection is due to changes in the electrostatic, ionic, and hydration interaction forces between the remaining immobilized DNA strands. This new technique has allowed the authors to probe DNA melting dynamics and leads to a better understanding of the stability of DNA complexes on surfaces.},\n\tisbn = {0272-2712},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272271206001119},\n\tauthor = {Biswal, Sibani Lisa and Raorane, Digvijay and Chaiken, Alison and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanotube Phonon Waveguide.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chang, C. W.; Okawa, D.; Garcia, H.; Majumdar, A.; and Zettl, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review Letters, 99: 045901. July 25, 2007 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nanotube$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {541,\n\ttitle = {Nanotube Phonon Waveguide},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review Letters},\n\tvolume = {99},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tmonth = {July 25, 2007},\n\tpages = {045901},\n\tabstract = {We find that the high thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes remains intact under severe structural deformations while the corresponding electrical resistance and thermoelectric power show compromised responses. Similar robust thermal transport against bending is found for boron nitride nanotubes. Surprisingly, for both systems the phonon mean free path exceeds the characteristic length of structural ripples induced by bending and approaches the theoretical limit set by the radius of curvature. The robustness of heat conduction in nanotubes refines the ultimate limit that is far beyond the reach of ordinary materials.},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.045901},\n\tauthor = {Chang, C. W. and Okawa, D. and Garcia, H. and Majumdar, A. and Zettl, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tunable thermal links.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chang, C. W.; Okawa, D.; Garcia, H.; Yuzvinsky, T. D.; Majumdar, A.; and Zettl, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 90: 193114. 2007/05/07 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Tunable$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {543,\n\ttitle = {Tunable thermal links},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {90},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tmonth = {2007/05/07},\n\tpages = {193114},\n\tabstract = {We demonstrate that the thermal conductance K of individual multiwall carbon nanotubes can be controllably and reversibly adjusted by sliding the outer shells of the tube with respect to the inner core in a telescopinglike manner. K shows an exponential dependence on the telescoping distance. Tunable nanoscale thermal links have immediate implications for nano- to macroscale thermal management, biosystems, and phononic information processing.},\n\tkeywords = {Carbon nanotubes, Electrical resistivity, Phonons, Scanning electron microscopy, Thermal conduction},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/90/19/10.1063/1.2738187},\n\tauthor = {Chang, C. W. and Okawa, D. and Garcia, H. and Yuzvinsky, T. D. and Majumdar, A. and Zettl, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rectification of Ionic Current in a Nanofluidic Diode.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karnik, R.; Duan, C.; Castelino, K.; Daiguji, H.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 7: 547-551. March 1, 2007 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Rectification$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {545,\n\ttitle = {Rectification of Ionic Current in a Nanofluidic Diode},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tmonth = {March 1, 2007},\n\tpages = {547-551},\n\tabstract = {We demonstrate rectification of ionic transport in a nanofluidic diode fabricated by introducing a surface charge discontinuity in a nanofluidic channel. Device current?voltage (I?V) characteristics agree qualitatively with a one-dimensional model at moderate to high ionic concentrations. This study illustrates ionic flow control using surface charge patterning in nanofluidic channels under high bias voltages.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl062806o},\n\tauthor = {Karnik, Rohit and Duan, Chuanhua and Castelino, Kenneth and Daiguji, Hirofumi and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Electrokinetic flow meter.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kim, D.; Majumdar, A.; and Kim, S. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 136: 80-89. May 1, 2007 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Electrokinetic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {547,\n\ttitle = {Electrokinetic flow meter},\n\tjournal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},\n\tvolume = {136},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tmonth = {May 1, 2007},\n\tpages = {80-89},\n\tabstract = {A new concept of a micro flow meter is developed for measuring the flow rates of buffer solutions. The liquid flow rate through a glass rectangular micro channel is obtained by measuring electric signals generated electrokinetically. A model is presented which allows for flow rate measurements independent of the cation concentration. Experimental investigations are performed in order to demonstrate the proposed concept. The proposed flow meter is able to measure the flow rate of phosphate buffered saline solutions at various cation concentrations, with less than 10\\% error. The electrokinetic flow meter has a linear range that is several orders of magnitude wider than conventional thermal flow meters. This flow meter may be used to monitor and control the liquid flow in microfluidic systems.},\n\tkeywords = {Electrokinetic energy conversion, Flow meter},\n\tisbn = {0924-4247},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424706006327},\n\tauthor = {Kim, Dong-Kwon and Majumdar, Arun and Kim, Sung Jin}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanostructuring expands thermal limits.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kim, W.; Wang, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Today, 2: 40-47. February 2007 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nanostructuring$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {549,\n\ttitle = {Nanostructuring expands thermal limits},\n\tjournal = {Nano Today},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tmonth = {February 2007},\n\tpages = {40-47},\n\tabstract = {Scientists and engineers can exploit nanostructures to manipulate thermal transport in solids. This is possible because the dominant heat carriers in nonmetals {\\textendash} crystal vibrations (or phonons) {\\textendash} have characteristic lengths in the nanometer range. We review research where this approach is used and propose future research directions. For instance, concepts such as phonon filtering, correlated scattering, and waveguiding could expand the extremes of thermal transport in both the insulating and conducting limits. This will have major implications on energy conservation and conversion, information technology, and thermal management systems.},\n\tisbn = {1748-0132},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174801320770018X},\n\tauthor = {Kim, Woochul and Wang, Robert and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An acoustic and dimensional mismatch model for thermal boundary conductance between a vertical mesoscopic nanowire/nanotube and a bulk substrate.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasher, R.; Tong, T.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Physics, 102: 104312. 2007/11/15 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"An$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {551,\n\ttitle = {An acoustic and dimensional mismatch model for thermal boundary conductance between a vertical mesoscopic nanowire/nanotube and a bulk substrate},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {102},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tmonth = {2007/11/15},\n\tpages = {104312},\n\tabstract = {A theoretical model to calculate the thermal boundary conductance (Kapitza conductance) or, alternatively, thermal boundary resistance (Kapitza resistance) between a vertically grown mesoscopic nanowire/nanotube and a bulk substrate is presented. The thermal boundary resistance at the interface between the mesoscopic geometry and a three-dimensional substrate is primarily due to two reasons: (1) dimensional mismatch in the phonon density of states and (2) mismatch in the acoustic properties. Our model based on the solution of the elastic waveequation in the substrate and the mesoscopic geometry incorporates both these effects.},\n\tkeywords = {Bulk materials, Elastic waves, Nanotubes, Nanowires, Phonons},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/102/10/10.1063/1.2816260},\n\tauthor = {Prasher, Ravi and Tong, Tao and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Diffraction-limited phonon thermal conductance of nanoconstrictions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasher, R.; Tong, T.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 91: 143119. 2007/10/01 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Diffraction-limited$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {553,\n\ttitle = {Diffraction-limited phonon thermal conductance of nanoconstrictions},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {91},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tmonth = {2007/10/01},\n\tpages = {143119},\n\tabstract = {Thermal transport across nanosized constrictions is calculated considering wave effects. It is shown that Rayleigh-type phonon diffraction reduces thermal transport across nanosized constrictions at low temperatures. We show that for a T / v Debye \\&lt; 0.01 {\\texttimes} 10 - 9 K s , where a is the radius of the constriction, T the temperature, and v Debye the Debye velocity of the solid material, diffraction effects are important.},\n\tkeywords = {Ballistic transport, Nanoparticles, Phonon dispersion, Phonons, Rayleigh scattering},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/91/14/10.1063/1.2794428},\n\tauthor = {Prasher, Ravi and Tong, Tao and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermoelectricity in Molecular Junctions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Reddy, P.; Jang, S.; Segalman, R. A.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, 315: 1568-1571. 03/16/2007 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermoelectricity$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {555,\n\ttitle = {Thermoelectricity in Molecular Junctions},\n\tjournal = {Science},\n\tvolume = {315},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tmonth = {03/16/2007},\n\tpages = {1568-1571},\n\tabstract = {By trapping molecules between two gold electrodes with a temperature difference across them, the junction Seebeck coefficients of 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT), 4,4'-dibenzenedithiol, and 4,4''-tribenzenedithiol in contact with gold were measured at room temperature to be +8.7 {\\textpm} 2.1 microvolts per kelvin (μV/K), +12.9 {\\textpm} 2.2 μV/K, and +14.2 {\\textpm} 3.2 μV/K, respectively (where the error is the full width half maximum of the statistical distributions). The positive sign unambiguously indicates p-type (hole) conduction in these heterojunctions, whereas the Au Fermi level position for Au-BDT-Au junctions was identified to be 1.2 eV above the highest occupied molecular orbital level of BDT. The ability to study thermoelectricity in molecular junctions provides the opportunity to address these fundamental unanswered questions about their electronic structure and to begin exploring molecular thermoelectric energy conversion.},\n\tisbn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/315/5818/1568},\n\tauthor = {Reddy, Pramod and Jang, Sung-Yeon and Segalman, Rachel A. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dense Vertically Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Arrays as Thermal Interface Materials.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tong, T.; Zhao, Y.; Delzeit, L.; Kashani, A.; Meyyappan, M.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, 30: 92-100. March 2007 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {557,\n\ttitle = {Dense Vertically Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Arrays as Thermal Interface Materials},\n\tjournal = {IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tmonth = {March 2007},\n\tpages = {92-100},\n\tabstract = {Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays are being considered as thermal interface materials (TIMs). Using a phase sensitive transient thermo-reflectance technique, we measure the thermal conductance of the two interfaces on each side of a vertically aligned CNT array as well as the CNT array itself. We show that the physically bonded interface by van der Waals adhesion has a conductance 105W/m2K and is the dominant resistance. We also demonstrate that by bonding the free-end CNT tips to a target surface with the help of a thin layer of indium weld, the conductance can be increased to 106W/m2K making it attractive as a TIM},\n\tkeywords = {adhesion, Adhesives, Bonding, Carbon nanotube (CNT), Carbon nanotubes, Conducting materials, dense vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays, Indium, multiwalled, multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays, Organic materials, Phase measurement, phase sensitive transient thermoreflectance technique, Phased arrays, Surface resistance, thermal conductance, Thermal conductivity, thermal interface material (TIM), thermal interface materials, thermo-reflectance, thermoreflectance, van der Waals adhesion, van der Waals forces},\n\tisbn = {1521-3331},\n\tauthor = {Tong, Tao and Zhao, Yang and Delzeit, Lance and Kashani, A. and Meyyappan, M. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cross-plane Seebeck coefficient of ErAs:InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zeng, G.; Zide, J. M. O.; Kim, W.; Bowers, J. E.; Gossard, A. C.; Bian, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Shakouri, A.; Singer, S. L.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Physics, 101: 034502. 2007/02/01 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Cross-plane$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {559,\n\ttitle = {Cross-plane Seebeck coefficient of ErAs:InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattices},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {101},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tmonth = {2007/02/01},\n\tpages = {034502},\n\tabstract = {We characterize cross-plane and in-plane Seebeck coefficients for Er As : In Ga As / In Ga Al As superlattices with different carrier concentrations using test patterns integrated with microheaters. The microheater creates a local temperature difference, and the cross-plane Seebeck coefficients of the superlattices are determined by a combination of experimental measurements and finite element simulations. The cross-plane Seebeck coefficients are compared to the in-plane Seebeck coefficients and a significant increase in the cross-plane Seebeck coefficient over the in-plane Seebeck coefficient is observed. Differences between cross-plane and in-plane Seebeck coefficients decrease as the carrier concentration increases, which is indicative of heterostructurethermionic emission in the cross-plane direction.},\n\tkeywords = {Carrier density, Conduction bands, III-V semiconductors, Superlattices, Thermal conductivity},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/101/3/10.1063/1.2433751},\n\tauthor = {Zeng, Gehong and Zide, Joshua M. O. and Kim, Woochul and Bowers, John E. and Gossard, Arthur C. and Bian, Zhixi and Zhang, Yan and Shakouri, Ali and Singer, Suzanne L. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n 2006\n \n \n (26)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanomechanical Detection of DNA Melting on Microcantilever Surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biswal, S. L.; Raorane, D.; Chaiken, A.; Birecki, H.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Analytical Chemistry, 78: 7104-7109. October 1, 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nanomechanical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {633,\n\ttitle = {Nanomechanical Detection of DNA Melting on Microcantilever Surfaces},\n\tjournal = {Analytical Chemistry},\n\tvolume = {78},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {October 1, 2006},\n\tpages = {7104-7109},\n\tabstract = {We observe surface stress changes in response to thermal dehybridization, or melting, of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) oligonucleotides that are grafted on one side of a microcantilever beam. Changes in surface stress occur when one complementary DNA strand melts and diffuses away from the other, resulting in alterations of the electrostatic, counterionic, and hydration interaction forces between the remaining neighboring surface-grafted DNA molecules. We have been able to distinguish changes in the melting temperature of dsDNA as a function of salt concentration and oligomer length. This technique also highlights differences between surface immobilized and solution DNA melting dynamics, which allows us to better understand the stability of DNA on surfaces. The transduction of phase transitions into a mechanical signal is ubiquitous for DNA, making cantilever-based detection a widely useful and complementary alternative to calorimetric and fluorescence measurements.},\n\tisbn = {0003-2700},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac052171y},\n\tauthor = {Biswal, Sibani Lisa and Raorane, Digvijay and Chaiken, Alison and Birecki, Henryk and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Using a Microcantilever Array for Detecting Phase Transitions and Stability of DNA.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biswal, S. L.; Raorane, D.; Chaiken, A.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation, 11: 222-226. 2006-08-01 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Using$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {635,\n\ttitle = {Using a Microcantilever Array for Detecting Phase Transitions and Stability of DNA},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006-08-01},\n\tpages = {222-226},\n\tabstract = {We report the extension of the microcantilever platform to study the thermal phase transition of biomolecules as they are heated. Microcantilever-based sensors directly translate changes in Gibbs free energy due to macromolecular interactions into mechanical responses. We observe surface stress changes in response to thermal dehybridization of double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides that are attached onto one side of a microcantilever. Once the cantilever is heated, the DNA undergoes a transition as the complementary strand melts, which results in changes in the cantilever deflection. This deflection is due to changes in the electrostatic, ionic, and hydration interaction forces between the remaining immobilized DNA strands. This new technique has allowed us to probe DNA melting dynamics and leads to a better understanding of the stability of DNA complexes on surfaces.},\n\tkeywords = {DNA melting, microcantilevers, thermal denaturation},\n\tisbn = {2211-0682, 1540-2452},\n\turl = {http://jla.sagepub.com/content/11/4/222},\n\tauthor = {Biswal, Sibani Lisa and Raorane, Digvijay and Chaiken, Alison and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Isotope Effect on the Thermal Conductivity of Boron Nitride Nanotubes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chang, C. W.; Fennimore, A. M.; Afanasiev, A.; Okawa, D.; Ikuno, T.; Garcia, H.; Li, D.; Majumdar, A.; and Zettl, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review Letters, 97: 085901. August 24, 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Isotope$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {637,\n\ttitle = {Isotope Effect on the Thermal Conductivity of Boron Nitride Nanotubes},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review Letters},\n\tvolume = {97},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {August 24, 2006},\n\tpages = {085901},\n\tabstract = {We have measured the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity κ(T) of individual multiwall boron nitride nanotubes using a microfabricated test fixture that allows direct transmission electron microscopy characterization of the tube being measured. κ(T) is exceptionally sensitive to isotopic substitution, with a 50\\% enhancement in κ(T) resulting for boron nitride nanotubes with 99.5\\% B11. For isotopically pure boron nitride nanotubes, κ rivals that of carbon nanotubes of similar diameter.},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.085901},\n\tauthor = {Chang, C. W. and Fennimore, A. M. and Afanasiev, A. and Okawa, D. and Ikuno, T. and Garcia, H. and Li, Deyu and Majumdar, A. and Zettl, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Solid-State Thermal Rectifier.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chang, C. W.; Okawa, D.; Majumdar, A.; and Zettl, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, 314: 1121-1124. 11/17/2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Solid-State$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {639,\n\ttitle = {Solid-State Thermal Rectifier},\n\tjournal = {Science},\n\tvolume = {314},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {11/17/2006},\n\tpages = {1121-1124},\n\tabstract = {We demonstrated nanoscale solid-state thermal rectification. High-thermal-conductivity carbon and boron nitride nanotubes were mass-loaded externally and inhomogeneously with heavy molecules. The resulting nanoscale system yields asymmetric axial thermal conductance with greater heat flow in the direction of decreasing mass density. The effect cannot be explained by ordinary perturbative wave theories, and instead we suggest that solitons may be responsible for the phenomenon. Considering the important role of electrical rectifiers (diodes) in electronics, thermal rectifiers have substantial implications for diverse thermal management problems, ranging from nanoscale calorimeters to microelectronic processors to macroscopic refrigerators and energy-saving buildings.},\n\tisbn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/314/5802/1121},\n\tauthor = {Chang, C. W. and Okawa, D. and Majumdar, A. and Zettl, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Spatially controlled microfluidics using low-voltage electrokinetics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Guzman, K.; Karnik, R.; Newman, J.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 15: 237-245. February 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {641,\n\ttitle = {Spatially controlled microfluidics using low-voltage electrokinetics},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {February 2006},\n\tpages = {237-245},\n\tabstract = {Most electrokinetic microfluidic devices currently require high voltages (>50 V) to generate sustained electric fields. However, two long-standing limitations remain, namely: (i) the resulting electrolysis of water produces bubbles, forcing electrodes to be placed in reservoirs outside the channels, and (ii) direct integration with low-voltage microelectronics cannot be achieved. A further limitation is the lack of spatial control within the microchannel. This work presents a method to achieve low-voltage (<=1 V) electrokinetic transport using micropatterned Ag-AgCl electrode arrays, which allows spatial flow control within microchannels. We demonstrate bidirectional electrophoretic control of microparticles within microfluidic channels using {\\textpm}1 V.},\n\tkeywords = {1 V, Ag-AgCl, Ag-AgCl electrodes, Electrochemical processes, Electrodes, electrokinetic effects, electrokinetic microfluidic devices, electrokinetic transport, Electrokinetics, electrophoretic control, flow control, Fluid flow control, low voltage, low-voltage electrokinetics, Mechanical engineering, Microchannel, microchannel flow, microchannels, microchannels flow, Microelectronics, microfluidic channels, microfluidics, micropatterned electrode arrays, Reservoirs, silver, silver compounds, spatial flow control, spatially controlled microfluidics, sustained electric fields, Voltage},\n\tisbn = {1057-7157},\n\tauthor = {Guzman, K.A.D. and Karnik, R.N. and Newman, J.S. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Interpretation of Stochastic Events in Single Molecule Conductance Measurements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jang, S.; Reddy, P.; Majumdar, A.; and Segalman, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 6: 2362-2367. October 1, 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Interpretation$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {643,\n\ttitle = {Interpretation of Stochastic Events in Single Molecule Conductance Measurements},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {October 1, 2006},\n\tpages = {2362-2367},\n\tabstract = {The electrical conductance of a series of thiol-terminated alkanes, (1,6-hexanedithiol (HDT), 1,8-octanedithiol (ODT), and 1,10-decanedithol (DDT)) was measured using a modified scanning tunneling microscope break junction technique. The interpretation of data obtained in this technique is complicated due to multiple effects such as microscopic details of the metal?molecule junctions, superposition of tunneling currents, and conformational changes in the molecules. A new method called the last-step analysis (LSA) is introduced here to clarify the contribution of these effects. In direct contrast to previous work, LSA does not require any data preselection, making the results less subjective and more reproducible. Finally, LSA was used to obtain the conductance of single molecules (HDT, (3.6 ? 10-4)Go; ODT, (4.4 ? 10-5)Go; DDT, (5.7 ? 10-6)Go). The tunneling decay parameter (?) was calculated, and it was found to be ?1.0 per carbon atom.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0609495},\n\tauthor = {Jang, Sung-Yeon and Reddy, Pramod and Majumdar, Arun and Segalman, Rachel A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Lithographic techniques and surface chemistries for the fabrication of PEG-passivated protein microarrays.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kannan, B.; Castelino, K.; Chen, F. F.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 21: 1960-1967. April 15, 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Lithographic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {645,\n\ttitle = {Lithographic techniques and surface chemistries for the fabrication of PEG-passivated protein microarrays},\n\tjournal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {April 15, 2006},\n\tpages = {1960-1967},\n\tabstract = {This article presents a new technique to fabricate patterns of functional molecules surrounded by a coating of the inert poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on glass slides for applications in protein microarray technology. The chief advantages of this technique are that it is based entirely on standard lithography processes, makes use of glass slides employing surface chemistries that are standard in the microarray community, and has the potential to massively scale up the density of microarray spots. It is shown that proteins and antibodies can be made to self-assemble on the functional patterns in a microarray format, with the PEG coating acting as an effective passivating agent to prevent non-specific protein adsorption. Various standard surface chemistries such as aldehyde, epoxy and amine are explored for the functional layer, and it is conclusively demonstrated that only an amine-terminated surface satisfies all the process constraints imposed by the lithography process sequence. The effectiveness of this microarray technology is demonstrated by patterning fluorescent streptavidin and a fluorescent secondary antibody using the well-known and highly specific interaction between biotin and streptavidin.},\n\tkeywords = {Lithography, Non-specific adsorption, Poly(ethylene glycol), Protein microarrays},\n\tisbn = {0956-5663},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566305002897},\n\tauthor = {Kannan, Balaji and Castelino, Kenneth and Chen, Fanqing Frank and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Diffusion-Limited Patterning of Molecules in Nanofluidic Channels.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karnik, R.; Castelino, K.; Duan, C.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 6: 1735-1740. August 1, 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Diffusion-Limited$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {647,\n\ttitle = {Diffusion-Limited Patterning of Molecules in Nanofluidic Channels},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {August 1, 2006},\n\tpages = {1735-1740},\n\tabstract = {Diffusion-limited patterning (DLP) is a new technique that enables patterning of labile molecular species in solution phase onto surfaces that are not easily accessible. This technique is self-aligning and is simple to implement for patterning multiple species. We demonstrated DLP by patterning alternating bands of fluorescently labeled and unlabeled streptavidin in biotin-functionalized nanofluidic channels with spatial resolution better than 1 ?m. The methodology of DLP also enables experimental measurement of a unique parameter that relates molecular surface grafting density, concentration, diffusivity, and channel geometry.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl061159y},\n\tauthor = {Karnik, Rohit and Castelino, Kenneth and Duan, Chuanhua and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Field-effect control of protein transport in a nanofluidic transistor circuit.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karnik, R.; Castelino, K.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 88: 123114. 2006/03/20 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Field-effect$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {649,\n\ttitle = {Field-effect control of protein transport in a nanofluidic transistor circuit},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {88},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006/03/20},\n\tpages = {123114},\n\tabstract = {Electrostatic interactions play an important role in nanofluidic channels when the channel size is comparable to the Debye screening length. Electrostatic fields have been used to control concentration and transport of ions in nanofluidictransistors. Here, we report a transistor-reservoir-transistor circuit that can be used to turn {\\textquotedblleft}on{\\textquotedblright} or {\\textquotedblleft}off{\\textquotedblright} protein transport using electrostatic fields with gate voltages of {\\textpm} 1 V . Our results suggest that global electrostatic interactions of the protein were dominant over other interactions in the nanofluidictransistor. The fabrication technique also demonstrates the feasibility of nanofluidic integrated circuits for the manipulation of biomolecules in picoliter volumes.},\n\tkeywords = {Double layers, Nanofluidics, Proteins, Surface charge, Transistors},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/88/12/10.1063/1.2186967},\n\tauthor = {Karnik, Rohit and Castelino, Kenneth and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Phonon scattering cross section of polydispersed spherical nanoparticles.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kim, W.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Physics, 99: 084306. 2006/04/15 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Phonon$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {651,\n\ttitle = {Phonon scattering cross section of polydispersed spherical nanoparticles},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {99},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006/04/15},\n\tpages = {084306},\n\tabstract = {An approximate analytical solution is proposed to estimate the phononscattering cross section of polydispersed spherical nanoparticles. Using perturbation of the Hamiltonian due to differences in mass and bond stiffness between a host medium and a spherical nanoparticle, an analytical solution is obtained for the scattering cross section in the Rayleigh limit when the size parameter approaches zero. In the geometrical scattering limit, when the size parameter approaches infinity, the van de Hulst approximation for anomalous diffraction is used to estimate the scattering cross section as a function of acoustic impedance mismatch between the host medium and the spherical nanoparticle. Finally, these two limiting cases are bridged by a simple expression to estimate the scattering cross section for intermediate values of the size parameter. Using this, the scattering cross section for a polydispersed distribution of spherical nanoparticles was also estimated as a function of the parameters defining the statistical size distribution.},\n\tkeywords = {Acoustic scattering, Acoustic wave scattering, Nanoparticles, Phonons, Rayleigh scattering},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/99/8/10.1063/1.2188251},\n\tauthor = {Kim, Woochul and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cross-plane lattice and electronic thermal conductivities of ErAs:InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kim, W.; Singer, S. L.; Majumdar, A.; Vashaee, D.; Bian, Z.; Shakouri, A.; Zeng, G.; Bowers, J. E.; Zide, J. M. O.; and Gossard, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 88: 242107. 2006/06/12 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Cross-plane$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {653,\n\ttitle = {Cross-plane lattice and electronic thermal conductivities of ErAs:InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattices},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {88},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006/06/12},\n\tpages = {242107},\n\tabstract = {We studied the cross-plane lattice and electronic thermal conductivities of superlattices made of InGaAlAs and InGaAs films, with the latter containing embedded ErAs nanoparticles (denoted as ErAs:InGaAs). Measurements of total thermal conductivity at four doping levels and a theoretical analysis were used to estimate the cross-plane electronic thermal conductivity of the superlattices. The results show that the lattice and electronic thermal conductivities have marginal dependence on doping levels. This suggests that there is lateral conservation of electronic momentum during thermionic emission in the superlattices, which limits the fraction of available electrons for thermionic emission, thereby affecting the performance of thermoelectric devices.},\n\tkeywords = {Doping, Electron scattering, Phonons, Superlattices, Thermal conductivity},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/88/24/10.1063/1.2207829},\n\tauthor = {Kim, Woochul and Singer, Suzanne L. and Majumdar, Arun and Vashaee, Daryoosh and Bian, Zhixi and Shakouri, Ali and Zeng, Gehong and Bowers, John E. and Zide, Joshua M. O. and Gossard, Arthur C.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Conductivity Reduction and Thermoelectric Figure of Merit Increase by Embedding Nanoparticles in Crystalline Semiconductors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kim, W.; Zide, J.; Gossard, A.; Klenov, D.; Stemmer, S.; Shakouri, A.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review Letters, 96: 045901. February 2, 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {655,\n\ttitle = {Thermal Conductivity Reduction and Thermoelectric Figure of Merit Increase by Embedding Nanoparticles in Crystalline Semiconductors},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review Letters},\n\tvolume = {96},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {February 2, 2006},\n\tpages = {045901},\n\tabstract = {Atomic substitution in alloys can efficiently scatter phonons, thereby reducing the thermal conductivity in crystalline solids to the {\\textquotedblleft}alloy limit.{\\textquotedblright} Using In0.53Ga0.47As containing ErAs nanoparticles, we demonstrate thermal conductivity reduction by almost a factor of 2 below the alloy limit and a corresponding increase in the thermoelectric figure of merit by a factor of 2. A theoretical model suggests that while point defects in alloys efficiently scatter short-wavelength phonons, the ErAs nanoparticles provide an additional scattering mechanism for the mid-to-long-wavelength phonons.},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.045901},\n\tauthor = {Kim, Woochul and Zide, Joshua and Gossard, Arthur and Klenov, Dmitri and Stemmer, Susanne and Shakouri, Ali and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Intracellular Transport Dynamics of Endosomes Containing DNA Polyplexes along the Microtubule Network.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kulkarni, R. P.; Castelino, K.; Majumdar, A.; and Fraser, S. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biophysical Journal, 90: L42-L44. March 1, 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Intracellular$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {657,\n\ttitle = {Intracellular Transport Dynamics of Endosomes Containing DNA Polyplexes along the Microtubule Network},\n\tjournal = {Biophysical Journal},\n\tvolume = {90},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {March 1, 2006},\n\tpages = {L42-L44},\n\tabstract = {We have explored the transport of DNA polyplexes enclosed in endosomes within the cellular environment by multiple particle tracking (MPT). The polyplex-loaded endosomes demonstrate enhanced diffusion at short timescales (t \\&lt; 7 s) with their mean-square displacement (MSD) 〈Δx(t)2〉 scaling as t1.25. For longer time intervals they exhibit subdiffusive transport and have an MSD scaling as t0.7. This crossover from an enhanced diffusion to a subdiffusive regime can be explained by considering the action of motor proteins that actively transport these endosomes along the cellular microtubule network and the thermal bending modes of the microtubule network itself.},\n\tisbn = {0006-3495},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006349506723372},\n\tauthor = {Kulkarni, Rajan P. and Castelino, Kenneth and Majumdar, Arun and Fraser, Scott E.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modeling and performance of two types of piston-like out-of-plane motion micromechanical structures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lim, S.; Horowitz, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 16: 1258. 2006-07-01 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Modeling$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {659,\n\ttitle = {Modeling and performance of two types of piston-like out-of-plane motion micromechanical structures},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006-07-01},\n\tpages = {1258},\n\tabstract = {We have modeled and analyzed the performance of two types of piston-like out-of-plane motion micromechanical structures: a conventional microstructure, which has a single bimorph region, and a flip-over-bimaterial (FOB) microstructure, which has two bimorph regions respectively located on the top and bottom sides of the structure. For both structures, simple analytical expressions of their end-point deflections have been established to facilitate parametric studies in sensor or actuator designs. These structures can be used in several applications such as temperature and chemical sensors, or as actuators for micromirrors. The derived analytical deflection predictions are in good agreement with those made using finite element (FE) models. For a micro-opto-mechanical sensor using interconnected FOB microstructures, these analytical and FE predictions agree with the experimental results within about 25\\%. Discrepancies can be attributed to uncertainties in the material properties of the specimen being tested. Both the analytically derived deflection expressions and the FE models predict that the FOB microstructures are capable of achieving up to two times higher deflection than conventional microstructures that have a single bimorph region. When compared to a cantilever design, a sensor design having interconnected FOB structures has a higher signal-to-noise ratio for the same device footprint. The analytical modeling and performance analysis presented in this paper can be useful to predict the device performance as well as optimize design parameters.},\n\tisbn = {0960-1317},\n\turl = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/16/7/020},\n\tauthor = {Lim, Si-Hyung and Horowitz, Roberto and Majumdar, Arunava}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A mechanical-electrokinetic battery using a nano-porous membrane.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lu, M.; Satyanarayana, S.; Karnik, R.; Majumdar, A.; and Wang, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 16: 667. 2006-04-01 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {663,\n\ttitle = {A mechanical-electrokinetic battery using a nano-porous membrane},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006-04-01},\n\tpages = {667},\n\tabstract = {This study conducts an analytical and experimental investigation associated with energy transfer by using a nano-porous membrane. The calculated results indicate that the streaming potential held at a saturated value when the electrolyte concentration is below a certain critical value. After passing this threshold value, the streaming potential decays dramatically with the electrolyte concentration. The efficiency increased with an increase of surface charge density and with a decrease of concentration. Generally, higher maximum efficiency can be achieved at a smaller channel. However, as the pore diameter is varied, a maximum efficiency is encountered. The results indicate that the battery performance can be efficiently improved by the unipolar characteristic inside the nano-sized channel. Our experimental results verify the analytical results; the best efficiency obtained is 0.77\\% in our experiments at a nominal 200 nm pore size alumina membrane having a 2.1 cm diameter and a 60 ?m thickness. The maximum output energy is 18 ?W by using a nominal 20 nm pore size alumina membrane.},\n\tisbn = {0960-1317},\n\turl = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/16/4/001},\n\tauthor = {Lu, Ming-Chang and Satyanarayana, Srinath and Karnik, Rohit and Majumdar, Arun and Wang, Chi-Chuan}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Characterization of heat transfer along a silicon nanowire using thermoreflectance technique.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhang, Y.; Christofferson, J.; Shakouri, A.; Li, D.; Majumdar, A.; Wu, Y.; Fan, R.; and Yang, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 5: 67-74. January 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {665,\n\ttitle = {Characterization of heat transfer along a silicon nanowire using thermoreflectance technique},\n\tjournal = {IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {January 2006},\n\tpages = {67-74},\n\tabstract = {We studied heat transfer along a silicon nanowire suspended between two thin-film heaters using a thermoreflectance imaging technique. The thermoreflectance imaging system achieved submicrometer spatial resolution and 0.1{\\textdegree}C temperature resolution using visible light. The temperature difference across the nanowire was measured, and then its thermal resistance was calculated. Knowing the dimension of the nanowire (115 nm in width and 3.9 μm in length), we calculated the thermal conductivity of the sample, which is 46 W/mK. Thermal conductivity decreases with decreasing wire size. For a 115-nm-wide silicon nanowire, the thermal conductivity is only one-third of the bulk value. In addition, the transient response of the thin-film heaters was also examined using three-dimensional thermal models by the ANSYS program. The simulated thermal map matches well with the experimental thermoreflectance results.},\n\tkeywords = {0.1 C, 115 nm, 3.9 micron, ANSYS program, Electrical resistance measurement, elemental semiconductors, Heat transfer, heat transfer characterization, Image resolution, Nanowires, Semiconductor thin films, Si, Si nanowire, silicon, silicon nanowire, simulated thermal map, Spatial resolution, Temperature, Thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermoreflectance, Thermoreflectance imaging, thermoreflectance imaging technique, thin-film heaters, three-dimensional thermal models, visible light},\n\tisbn = {1536-125X},\n\tauthor = {Zhang, Yan and Christofferson, J. and Shakouri, Ali and Li, Deyu and Majumdar, A. and Wu, Yiying and Fan, Rong and Yang, Peidong}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Chemomechanics of Surface Stresses Induced by DNA Hybridization.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stachowiak, J. C.; Yue, M.; Castelino, K.; Chakraborty, A.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Langmuir, 22: 263-268. January 1, 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Chemomechanics$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {667,\n\ttitle = {Chemomechanics of Surface Stresses Induced by DNA Hybridization},\n\tjournal = {Langmuir},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {January 1, 2006},\n\tpages = {263-268},\n\tabstract = {When biomolecular reactions occur on one surface of a microcantilever beam, changes in intermolecular forces create surface stresses that bend the cantilever. While this phenomenon has been exploited to create label-free biosensors and biomolecular actuators, the mechanisms through which chemical free energy is transduced to mechanical work in such hybrid systems are not fully understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we use DNA hybridization as a model reaction system. We first show that the surface grafting density of single-stranded probe DNA (sspDNA) on a surface is strongly correlated to its radius of gyration in solution, which in turn depends on its persistence length and the DNA chain length. Since the persistence length depends on ionic strength, the grafting density of sspDNA can be controlled by changing a solution{\\textquoteright}s ionic strength. The surface stresses produced by the reaction of complementary single-stranded target DNA (sstDNA) to sspDNA depend on the length of DNA, the grafting density, and the hybridization efficiency. We, however, observe a remarkable trend:? regardless of the length and grafting density of sspDNA, the surface stress follows an exponential scaling relation with the density of hybridized sspDNA.},\n\tisbn = {0743-7463},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0521645},\n\tauthor = {Stachowiak, Jeanne C. and Yue, Min and Castelino, Kenneth and Chakraborty, Arup and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ErAs : InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattice thin-film power generator array.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zeng, G. H.; Bowers, J. E.; Zide, J. M. O.; Gossard, A. C.; Kim, W.; Singer, S.; Majumdar, A.; Singh, R.; Bian, Z.; Zhang, Y.; and Shakouri, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 88. 2006-03-01 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"ErAs$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {669,\n\ttitle = {ErAs : InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattice thin-film power generator array},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {88},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006-03-01},\n\tabstract = {We report a wafer scale approach for the fabrication of thin-film power generators composed of arrays of 400 p and n type ErAs:InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattice thermoelectric elements. The elements incorporate ErAs metallic nanoparticles into the semiconductor superlattice structure to provide charge carriers and create scattering centers for phonons. p- and n-type ErAs:InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattices with a total thickness of 5 mu m were grown on InP substrate using molecular beam epitaxy. The cross-plane Seebeck coefficients and cross-plane thermal conductivity of the superlattice were measured using test pattern devices and the 3 omega method, respectively. Four hundred element power generators were fabricated from these 5 mu m thick, 200 mu mx200 mu m in area superlattice elements. The output power was over 0.7 mW for an external resistor of 100 Omega with a 30 K temperature difference drop across the generator. We discuss the limitations to the generator performance and provide suggestions for improvements. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951},\n\turl = {http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vg8n11q},\n\tauthor = {Zeng, G. H. and Bowers, J. E. and Zide, J. M. O. and Gossard, A. C. and Kim, W. and Singer, S. and Majumdar, A. and Singh, R. and Bian, Z. and Zhang, Y. and Shakouri, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Interfacial energy and strength of multiwalled-carbon-nanotube-based dry adhesive.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhao, Y.; Tong, T.; Delzeit, L.; Kashani, A.; Meyyappan, M.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 24: 331-335. 2006/01/01 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Interfacial$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {671,\n\ttitle = {Interfacial energy and strength of multiwalled-carbon-nanotube-based dry adhesive},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Vacuum Science \\& Technology B},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006/01/01},\n\tpages = {331-335},\n\tabstract = {Vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube(MWCNT) arrays can mimic the hairs on a gecko{\\textquoteright}s foot and act as a dry adhesive. We demonstrate the van der Waals interactions originated dry adhesion between MWCNT array surfaces and various target surfaces over millimeter-sized contact areas. The adhesive strengths were measured over 10 N / cm 2 in the normal direction and about 8 N / cm 2 in the shear direction with glass surface. The adhesion strength over repeated cycles is limited by the relatively poor adhesion of MWCNTs to their growth substrate, which was improved significantly by adding molybdenum to the catalyst underlayer. We also measured the interfacial work of adhesion as a fundamental adhesionproperty at the interface. Our measured values of a few tens of mJ / m 2 , which falls in the range of typical van der Waals interactions energies, provide a direct proof of the van der Waals dry adhesion mechanism. Furthermore, in contrast to other dry adhesives, we show that MWCNTadhesives are electrically and thermally conducting, which makes them a unique interfacial material.},\n\tkeywords = {adhesion, Carbon nanotubes, Elasticity, Interfacial properties, van der Waals forces},\n\tisbn = {2166-2746, 2166-2754},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/24/1/10.1116/1.2163891},\n\tauthor = {Zhao, Yang and Tong, Tao and Delzeit, Lance and Kashani, Ali and Meyyappan, M. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Novel nanoscale thermal property imaging technique: The 2ω method. I. Principle and the 2ω signal measurement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Roh, H. H.; Lee, J. S.; Kim, D. L.; Park, J.; Kim, K.; Kwon, O.; Park, S. H.; Choi, Y. K.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 24: 2398-2404. 2006/09/01 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Novel$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {675,\n\ttitle = {Novel nanoscale thermal property imaging technique: The 2ω method. I. Principle and the 2ω signal measurement},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Vacuum Science \\& Technology B},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006/09/01},\n\tpages = {2398-2404},\n\tabstract = {In this and the following companion articles, the authors present the 2 ω method, a novel ac mode local thermal property imaging technique with nanoscale spatial resolution. To demonstrate the use of the thermoelectric probe as an active one that can function as both a heater and a temperature sensor, the authors develop and implement the 2 ω signal measurement technique, which can extract thermoelectric signals from a thermocouple junction while electrically heating it simultaneously. The principle of the 2 ω signal measurement technique is explained by a steady periodic electrothermal analysis. The authors use a specially designed test pattern to experimentally verify that the 2 ω signal is caused by the temperature oscillation induced by Joule heating. In addition, based on the results from an experiment using a cross-shaped pattern, the measurement accuracy of the 2 ω method depends on the junction size of the thermoelectric probe. The 2 ω method is implemented and compared with other methods in the following companion paper.},\n\tkeywords = {Temperature measurement, Thermal properties, Thermocouples, Thermoelectric devices, Thermoelectric effects},\n\tisbn = {2166-2746, 2166-2754},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/24/5/10.1116/1.2353842},\n\tauthor = {Roh, Hee Hwan and Lee, Joon Sik and Kim, Dong Lib and Park, Jisang and Kim, Kyeongtae and Kwon, Ohmyoung and Park, Seung Ho and Choi, Young Ki and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Novel nanoscale thermal property imaging technique: The 2ω method. II. Demonstration and comparison.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Roh, H. H.; Lee, J. S.; Kim, D. L.; Park, J.; Kim, K.; Kwon, O.; Park, S. H.; Choi, Y. K.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 24: 2405. 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Novel$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {677,\n\ttitle = {Novel nanoscale thermal property imaging technique: The 2ω method. II. Demonstration and comparison},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Vacuum Science \\& Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006},\n\tpages = {2405},\n\tisbn = {10711023},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/24/5/10.1116/1.2353843},\n\tauthor = {Roh, Hee Hwan and Lee, Joon Sik and Kim, Dong Lib and Park, Jisang and Kim, Kyeongtae and Kwon, Ohmyoung and Park, Seung Ho and Choi, Young Ki and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Parylene micro membrane capacitive sensor array for chemical and biological sensing.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Satyanarayana, S.; McCormick, D. T.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 115: 494-502. May 23, 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Parylene$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {679,\n\ttitle = {Parylene micro membrane capacitive sensor array for chemical and biological sensing},\n\tjournal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},\n\tvolume = {115},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {May 23, 2006},\n\tpages = {494-502},\n\tabstract = {The need for high-throughput label-free multiplexed sensors for chemical and biological sensing has increased tremendously in the last decade with new applications in the areas of genetics, diagnostics, drug discovery, as well as security and threat evaluation. Surface stress-based sensors are a relatively new class of sensors that has immense potential to satisfy the demand, and has been investigated extensively in the recent years. In this paper we present the design and fabrication of a novel parylene micro membrane surface stress sensor that exploits the low mechanical stiffness of polymers. The salient features of the sensor are that it: (i) is label-free; (ii) is a universal platform suitable for both chemical and biological sensing; (iii) uses electronic (capacitive detection) readout; (iv) has integrated microfluidics for addressing individual sensors on the chip; (v) is capable of handling both liquid and gas samples; (vi) is made using standard low temperature microfabrication processes (\\&lt;120 {\\textdegree}C); (vii) can readily be scaled and multiplexed. The first generation sensor arrays were fabricated and the sensor response to organic vapors like isopropyl alcohol and toluene were measured.},\n\tkeywords = {Capacitive, Micro membrane, microfluidics, Parylene, Polymer, Surface stress sensor},\n\tisbn = {0925-4005},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400505008397},\n\tauthor = {Satyanarayana, Srinath and McCormick, Daniel T. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Point-of-care biosensor systems for cancer diagnostics/prognostics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Soper, S. A.; Brown, K.; Ellington, A.; Frazier, B.; Garcia-Manero, G.; Gau, V.; Gutman, S. I.; Hayes, D. F.; Korte, B.; Landers, J. L.; Larson, D.; Ligler, F.; Majumdar, A.; Mascini, M.; Nolte, D.; Rosenzweig, Z.; Wang, J.; and Wilson, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 21: 1932-1942. April 15, 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Point-of-care$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {681,\n\ttitle = {Point-of-care biosensor systems for cancer diagnostics/prognostics},\n\tjournal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {April 15, 2006},\n\tpages = {1932-1942},\n\tabstract = {With the growing number of fatalities resulting from the 100 or so cancer-related diseases, new enabling tools are required to provide extensive molecular profiles of patients to guide the clinician in making viable diagnosis and prognosis. Unfortunately with cancer-related diseases, there is not one molecular marker that can provide sufficient information to assist the clinician in making effective prognoses or even diagnoses. Indeed, large panels of markers must typically be evaluated that cut across several different classes (mutations in certain gene fragments{\\textemdash}DNA; over/under-expression of gene activity as monitored by messenger RNAs; the amount of proteins present in serum or circulating tumor cells). The classical biosensor format (dipstick approach for monitoring the presence of a single element) is viewed as a valuable tool in many bioassays, but possesses numerous limitations in cancer due primarily to the single element nature of these sensing platforms. As such, if biosensors are to become valuable tools in the arsenal of the clinician to manage cancer patients, new formats are required. This review seeks to provide an overview of the current thinking on molecular profiling for diagnosis and prognosis of cancers and also, provide insight into the current state-of-the-art in the biosensor field and new strategies that must be considered to bring this important technology into the cancer field.},\n\tkeywords = {Biosensors, Cancer, Point-of-care},\n\tisbn = {0956-5663},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566306000121},\n\tauthor = {Soper, Steven A. and Brown, Kathlynn and Ellington, Andrew and Frazier, Bruno and Garcia-Manero, Guillermo and Gau, Vincent and Gutman, Steven I. and Hayes, Daniel F. and Korte, Brenda and Landers, James L. and Larson, Dale and Ligler, Frances and Majumdar, Arun and Mascini, Marco and Nolte, David and Rosenzweig, Zeev and Wang, Joseph and Wilson, David}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reexamining the 3-omega technique for thin film thermal characterization.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tong, T.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Review of Scientific Instruments, 77: 104902. 2006/10/01 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Reexamining$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {683,\n\ttitle = {Reexamining the 3-omega technique for thin film thermal characterization},\n\tjournal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006/10/01},\n\tpages = {104902},\n\tabstract = {The 3-omega method is widely used to measurethermal properties of thin films and interfaces. Generally, one-dimensional heat conduction across the film is assumed and the film capacitance is neglected. The change in the in-phase (real part) temperature response for the film-on-substrate case relative to the substrate-only case is, therefore, attributed to the sum of the bulk thermal resistance of the film and the thermal boundary resistance between the film and the substrate. Based on a rigorous and intuitive mathematical derivation, it is shown that this approach represents a limiting case, and that its use can cause significant errors in rather realistic situations when the underlying assumptions are not met. This article quantifies the error by introducing a new parameter called the ratio function R , which modifies the film thermal resistance and mathematically shows that it depends only on three dimensionless parameters that combine thermal properties and geometries of the film and the heated linewidth. A new data reduction scheme is suggested accordingly to determine the film thermal conductivity (cross-plane), anisotropicthermal conductivity ratio between the in-plane direction and the cross-plane direction, and the interface thermal conductance.},\n\tkeywords = {Heat conduction, Heaters, Linewidths, Thermal conductivity, Thermal properties},\n\tisbn = {0034-6748, 1089-7623},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/rsi/77/10/10.1063/1.2349601},\n\tauthor = {Tong, Tao and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Room temperature thermal conductance of alkanedithiol self-assembled monolayers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wang, R. Y.; Segalman, R. A.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 89: 173113. 2006/10/23 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Room$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {685,\n\ttitle = {Room temperature thermal conductance of alkanedithiol self-assembled monolayers},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {89},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {2006/10/23},\n\tpages = {173113},\n\tabstract = {Solid-solid junctions with an interfacial self-assembledmonolayer(SAM) are a class of interfaces with very low thermal conductance. Au{\\textendash}SAM{\\textendash}GaAs junctions were made using alkanedithiol SAMs and fabricated by nanotransfer printing. Measurements of thermal conductance using the 3 ω technique were very robust and no thermal conductance dependence on alkane chain length was observed. The thermal conductances using octanedithiol, nonanedithiol, and decanedithiol SAMs at room temperature are 27.6 {\\textpm} 2.9 , 28.2 {\\textpm} 1.8 , and 25.6 {\\textpm} 2.4 MW m - 2 K - 1 , respectively.},\n\tkeywords = {Gold, Metallic thin films, Phonons, Self assembly, Thermal conduction},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/89/17/10.1063/1.2358856},\n\tauthor = {Wang, Robert Y. and Segalman, Rachel A. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nano-chemo-mechanical sensor array platform for high-throughput chemical analysis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lim, S. \".; Raorane, D.; Satyanarayana, S.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 119: 466-474. December 7, 2006 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nano-chemo-mechanical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {687,\n\ttitle = {Nano-chemo-mechanical sensor array platform for high-throughput chemical analysis},\n\tjournal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},\n\tvolume = {119},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tmonth = {December 7, 2006},\n\tpages = {466-474},\n\tabstract = {We have developed a 2-D multiplexed cantilever array platform for high-throughput nanomechanical chemical sensing and analysis. After coating the cantilevers with alkane thiols having different functional end groups, we have performed vapor phase chemical sensing experiments with toluene and water vapor as targets. To overcome non-uniform responses caused by fabrication and imaging issues, the chemical response of each cantilever is self-calibrated using the thermal response of each cantilever. From these experiments, we could observe chemically induced nanoscale motion of cantilevers for various humidity or vapor concentration levels, and response differentiation with different functional end groups of thiols.},\n\tkeywords = {Cantilever sensor array platform, optical measurement, Selectivity, Sensitivity, Target specific coating layer, Vapor phase chemical sensing},\n\tisbn = {0925-4005},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400506000141},\n\tauthor = {Lim, Si-Hyung "Shawn" and Raorane, Digvijay and Satyanarayana, Srinath and Majumdar, Arunava}\n}\n

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\n \n 2005\n \n \n (15)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Stamp-and-stick room-temperature bonding technique for microdevices.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Satyanarayana, S.; Karnik, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 14: 392-399. April 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {605,\n\ttitle = {Stamp-and-stick room-temperature bonding technique for microdevices},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {April 2005},\n\tpages = {392-399},\n\tabstract = {Multilayer MEMS and microfluidic designs using diverse materials demand separate fabrication of device components followed by assembly to make the final device. Structural and moving components, labile bio-molecules, fluids and temperature-sensitive materials place special restrictions on the bonding processes that can be used for assembly of MEMS devices. We describe a room temperature "stamp and stick (SAS)" transfer bonding technique for silicon, glass and nitride surfaces using a UV curable adhesive. Alternatively, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) can also be used as the adhesive; this is particularly useful for bonding PDMS devices. A thin layer of adhesive is first spun on a flat wafer. This adhesive layer is then selectively transferred to the device chip from the wafer using a stamping process. The device chip can then be aligned and bonded to other chips/wafers. This bonding process is conformal and works even on surfaces with uneven topography. This aspect is especially relevant to microfluidics, where good sealing can be difficult to obtain with channels on uneven surfaces. Burst pressure tests suggest that wafer bonds using the UV curable adhesive could withstand pressures of 700 kPa (7 atmospheres); those with PDMS could withstand 200 to 700 kPa (2-7 atmospheres) depending on the geometry and configuration of the device.},\n\tkeywords = {200 to 700 kPa, adhesive bonding, adhesive layer, Adhesives, Assembly, Atmosphere, Biological materials, Bonding processes, burst pressure tests, device chip, Fabrication, glass surface, MEMS device assembly, microassembling, microdevices, microelectromechanical systems, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), microfluidics, micromechanical devices, multilayer MEMS, nitride surface, Nonhomogeneous media, PDMS devices, Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), polydimethylsiloxane, room temperature, silicon surface, stamp and stick transfer bonding, stamping process, Surface topography, transfer bonding, ultraviolet (UV) curable adhesive, ultraviolet curable adhesive, uneven surfaces, wafer bonding, wafer bonds},\n\tisbn = {1057-7157},\n\tauthor = {Satyanarayana, Srinath and Karnik, R.N. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Analysis of Governing Parameters for Silver-Silver Chloride Electrodes in Microfluidic Electrokinetic Devices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dunphy, K. A.; Karnik, R. N.; Trinkle, C.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 9: 199-211. April 1, 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Analysis$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {607,\n\ttitle = {Analysis of Governing Parameters for Silver-Silver Chloride Electrodes in Microfluidic Electrokinetic Devices},\n\tjournal = {Microscale Thermophysical Engineering},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {April 1, 2005},\n\tpages = {199-211},\n\tabstract = {Electrokinetics has become a popular method of both particulate and fluidic control in microdevices. In an effort to address the problems associated with conventional electrokinetic control, we use silver-silver chloride electrodes for low-voltage, spatially localized electrokinetic control in microfluidic devices. This work presents an analysis of the electric fields generated by silver-silver chloride electrodes and establishes a nondimensional design parameter that governs the device performance. In addition, an optimal parameter space for maximum electrode longevity is presented.},\n\tisbn = {1089-3954},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10893950590945067},\n\tauthor = {Dunphy, Katherine A. and Karnik, Rohit N. and Trinkle, Christine and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Characterization of Grafting Density and Binding Efficiency of DNA and Proteins on Gold Surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Castelino, K.; Kannan, B.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Langmuir, 21: 1956-1961. March 1, 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Characterization$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {609,\n\ttitle = {Characterization of Grafting Density and Binding Efficiency of DNA and Proteins on Gold Surfaces},\n\tjournal = {Langmuir},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {March 1, 2005},\n\tpages = {1956-1961},\n\tabstract = {The surface grafting density of biomolecules is an important factor for quantitative assays using a wide range of biological sensors. We use a fluorescent measurement technique to characterize the immobilization density of thiolated probe DNA on gold and hybridization efficiency of target DNA as a function of oligonucleotide length and salt concentration. The results indicate the dominance of osmotic and hydration forces in different regimes of salt concentration, which was used to validate previous simulations and to optimize the performance of surface-stress based microcantilever biosensors. The difference in hybridization density between complementary and mismatched target sequences was also measured to understand the response of these sensors in base-pair mismatch detection experiments. Finally, two different techniques for immobilizing proteins on gold were considered and the surface densities obtained in both cases were compared.},\n\tisbn = {0743-7463},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la047943k},\n\tauthor = {Castelino, Kenneth and Kannan, Balaji and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Design and Fabrication of a Novel Bimorph Microoptomechanical Sensor.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lim, S.; Choi, J.; Horowitz, R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 14: 683-690. August 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {611,\n\ttitle = {Design and Fabrication of a Novel Bimorph Microoptomechanical Sensor},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {August 2005},\n\tpages = {683-690},\n\tabstract = {We have designed a so-called flip-over bimaterial (FOB) beam to increase the sensitivity of micromechanical structures for sensing temperature and surface stress changes. The FOB beam has a configuration such that a material layer coats the top and bottom of the second material at different regions along the beam length. By multiple interconnections of FOB beams, the deflection or sensitivity can be amplified, and the out-of-plane motion of a sensing structure can be achieved. The FOB beam has 53\\% higher thermomechanical sensitivity than a conventional one. Using the FOB beam design, we have developed a microoptomechanical sensor having a symmetric structure such that beam deflection is converted into a linear displacement of a reflecting surface, which is used for optical interferometry. The designed sensor has been fabricated by surface micromachining techniques using a transparent quartz substrate for optical measurement. Within a sensor area of 100 100 , the thermomechanical sensitivity was experimentally obtained.},\n\tkeywords = {100 micron, beam deflection, bimorph microoptomechanical sensor, Fabrication, Flip-over bimaterial (FOB) beam, flip-over bimaterial beam, interferometry, light interferometry, micro-optics, micromachining, micromechanical devices, microsensors, multiple interconnections, Optical design, Optical design techniques, optical interferometry, optical measurement, Optical sensors, out-of-plane motion, quartz, quartz substrate, Stress, stress measurement, surface micromachining, surface stress sensing, temperature sensing, temperature sensors, Thermomechanical processes, thermomechanical sensitivity},\n\tisbn = {1057-7157},\n\tauthor = {Lim, Si-Hyung and Choi, Jongeun and Horowitz, R. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Electrostatic Control of Ions and Molecules in Nanofluidic Transistors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karnik, R.; Fan, R.; Yue, M.; Li, D.; Yang, P.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 5: 943-948. May 1, 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Electrostatic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {613,\n\ttitle = {Electrostatic Control of Ions and Molecules in Nanofluidic Transistors},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {May 1, 2005},\n\tpages = {943-948},\n\tabstract = {We report a nanofluidic transistor based on a metal-oxide-solution (MOSol) system that is similar to a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). Using a combination of fluorescence and electrical measurements, we demonstrate that gate voltage modulates the concentration of ions and molecules in the channel and controls the ionic conductance. Our results illustrate the efficacy of field-effect control in nanofluidics, which could have broad implications on integrated nanofluidic circuits for manipulation of ions and biomolecules in sub-femtoliter volumes.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl050493b},\n\tauthor = {Karnik, Rohit and Fan, Rong and Yue, Min and Li, Deyu and Yang, Peidong and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Transport in Nanostructured Solid-State Cooling Devices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Li, D.; Huxtable, S. T.; Abramson, A. R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 127: 108-114. February 15, 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {615,\n\ttitle = {Thermal Transport in Nanostructured Solid-State Cooling Devices},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {127},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {February 15, 2005},\n\tpages = {108-114},\n\tabstract = {Low-dimensional nanostructured materials are promising candidates for high efficiency solid-state cooling devices based on the Peltier effect. Thermal transport in these low-dimensional materials is a key factor for device performance since the thermoelectric figure of merit is inversely proportional to thermal conductivity. Therefore, understanding thermal transport in nanostructured materials is crucial for engineering high performance devices. Thermal transport in semiconductors is dominated by lattice vibrations called phonons, and phonon transport is often markedly different in nanostructures than it is in bulk materials for a number of reasons. First, as the size of a structure decreases, its surface area to volume ratio increases, thereby increasing the importance of boundaries and interfaces. Additionally, at the nanoscale the characteristic length of the structure approaches the phonon wavelength, and other interesting phenomena such as dispersion relation modification and quantum confinement may arise and further alter the thermal transport. In this paper we discuss phonon transport in semiconductor superlattices and nanowires with regards to applications in solid-state cooling devices. Systematic studies on periodic multilayers called superlattices disclose the relative importance of acoustic impedance mismatch, alloy scattering, and crystalline imperfections at the interfaces. Thermal conductivity measurements of mono-crystalline silicon nanowires of different diameters reveal the strong effects of phonon-boundary scattering. Experimental results for Si/SiGe superlattice nanowires indicate that different phonon scattering mechanisms may disrupt phonon transport at different frequencies. These experimental studies provide insight regarding the dominant mechanisms for phonon transport in nanostructures. Finally, we also briefly discuss Peltier coolers made from nanostructured materials that have shown promising cooling performance.},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1839588},\n\tauthor = {Li, Deyu and Huxtable, Scott T. and Abramson, Alexis R. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n New directions in mechanics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kassner, M. E.; Nemat-Nasser, S.; Suo, Z.; Bao, G.; Barbour, J. C.; Brinson, L. C.; Espinosa, H.; Gao, H.; Granick, S.; Gumbsch, P.; Kim, K.; Knauss, W.; Kubin, L.; Langer, J.; Larson, B. C.; Mahadevan, L.; Majumdar, A.; Torquato, S.; and van Swol, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Mechanics of Materials, 37: 231-259. February 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"New$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {617,\n\ttitle = {New directions in mechanics},\n\tjournal = {Mechanics of Materials},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {February 2005},\n\tpages = {231-259},\n\tabstract = {The Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the US Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored a workshop to identify cutting-edge research needs and opportunities, enabled by the application of theoretical and applied mechanics. The workshop also included input from biochemical, surface science, and computational disciplines, on approaching scientific issues at the nanoscale, and the linkage of atomistic-scale with nano-, meso-, and continuum-scale mechanics. This paper is a summary of the outcome of the workshop, consisting of three main sections, each put together by a team of workshop participants.<br/><br/>Section 1 addresses research opportunities that can be realized by the application of mechanics fundamentals to the general area of self-assembly, directed self-assembly, and fluidics. Section 2 examines the role of mechanics in biological, bioinspired, and biohybrid material systems, closely relating to and complementing the material covered in Section 1. In this manner, it was made clear that mechanics plays a fundamental role in understanding the biological functions at all scales, in seeking to utilize biology and biological techniques to develop new materials and devices, and in the general area of bionanotechnology. While direct observational investigations are an essential ingredient of new discoveries and will continue to open new exciting research doors, it is the basic need for controlled experimentation and fundamentally-based modeling and computational simulations that will be truly empowered by a systematic use of the fundamentals of mechanics.<br/><br/>Section 3 brings into focus new challenging issues in inelastic deformation and fracturing of materials that have emerged as a result of the development of nanodevices, biopolymers, and hybrid bio{\\textendash}abio systems.<br/><br/>Each section begins with some introductory overview comments, and then provides illustrative examples that were presented at the workshop and which are believed to highlight the enabling research areas and, particularly, the impact that mechanics can make in enhancing the fundamental understanding that can lead to new technologies.},\n\tisbn = {0167-6636},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016766360400081X},\n\tauthor = {Kassner, Michael E. and Nemat-Nasser, Sia and Suo, Zhigang and Bao, Gang and Barbour, J. Charles and Brinson, L. Catherine and Espinosa, Horacio and Gao, Huajian and Granick, Steve and Gumbsch, Peter and Kim, Kyung-Suk and Knauss, Wolfgang and Kubin, Ladislas and Langer, James and Larson, Ben C. and Mahadevan, L. and Majumdar, Arun and Torquato, Salvatore and van Swol, Frank}\n}\n

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\n The Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the US Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored a workshop to identify cutting-edge research needs and opportunities, enabled by the application of theoretical and applied mechanics. The workshop also included input from biochemical, surface science, and computational disciplines, on approaching scientific issues at the nanoscale, and the linkage of atomistic-scale with nano-, meso-, and continuum-scale mechanics. This paper is a summary of the outcome of the workshop, consisting of three main sections, each put together by a team of workshop participants.

Section 1 addresses research opportunities that can be realized by the application of mechanics fundamentals to the general area of self-assembly, directed self-assembly, and fluidics. Section 2 examines the role of mechanics in biological, bioinspired, and biohybrid material systems, closely relating to and complementing the material covered in Section 1. In this manner, it was made clear that mechanics plays a fundamental role in understanding the biological functions at all scales, in seeking to utilize biology and biological techniques to develop new materials and devices, and in the general area of bionanotechnology. While direct observational investigations are an essential ingredient of new discoveries and will continue to open new exciting research doors, it is the basic need for controlled experimentation and fundamentally-based modeling and computational simulations that will be truly empowered by a systematic use of the fundamentals of mechanics.

Section 3 brings into focus new challenging issues in inelastic deformation and fracturing of materials that have emerged as a result of the development of nanodevices, biopolymers, and hybrid bio–abio systems.

Each section begins with some introductory overview comments, and then provides illustrative examples that were presented at the workshop and which are believed to highlight the enabling research areas and, particularly, the impact that mechanics can make in enhancing the fundamental understanding that can lead to new technologies.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical patterning for the highly specific and programmed assembly of nanostructures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kannan, B.; Kulkarni, R. P.; Satyanarayana, S.; Castelino, K.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 23: 1364-1370. 2005/07/01 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Chemical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {619,\n\ttitle = {Chemical patterning for the highly specific and programmed assembly of nanostructures},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Vacuum Science \\& Technology B},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {2005/07/01},\n\tpages = {1364-1370},\n\tabstract = {We have developed a new chemical patterning technique based on standard lithography-based processes to assemble nanostructures on surfaces with extraordinarily high selectivity. This patterning process is used to create patterns of aminosilane molecular layers surrounded by highly inert poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules. While the aminosilane regions facilitate nanostructure assembly, the PEG coating prevents adsorption of molecules and nanostructures, thereby priming the semiconductor substrate for the highly localized and programmed assembly of nanostructures. We demonstrate the power and versatility of this manufacturing process by building multilayered structures of goldnanoparticles attached to molecules of DNA onto the aminosilane patterns, with zero nanocrystal adsorption onto the surrounding PEG regions. The highly specific surface chemistry developed here can be used in conjunction with standard microfabrication and emerging nanofabrication technology to seamlessly integrate various nanostructures with semiconductor electronics.},\n\tkeywords = {DNA, Gold, Nanoparticles, Nanopatterning, Surface patterning},\n\tisbn = {2166-2746, 2166-2754},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/23/4/10.1116/1.1990159},\n\tauthor = {Kannan, Balaji and Kulkarni, Rajan P. and Satyanarayana, Srinath and Castelino, Kenneth and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n DNA Translocation in Inorganic Nanotubes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fan, R.; Karnik, R.; Yue, M.; Li, D.; Majumdar, A.; and Yang, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 5: 1633-1637. September 1, 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"DNA$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {621,\n\ttitle = {DNA Translocation in Inorganic Nanotubes},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {September 1, 2005},\n\tpages = {1633-1637},\n\tabstract = {Inorganic nanotubes were successfully integrated with microfluidic systems to create nanofluidic devices for single DNA molecule sensing. Inorganic nanotubes are unique in their high aspect ratio and exhibit translocation characteristics in which the DNA is fully stretched. Transient changes of ionic current indicate DNA translocation events. A transition from current decrease to current enhancement during translocation was observed on changing the buffer concentration, suggesting interplay between electrostatic charge and geometric blockage effects. These inorganic nanotube nanofluidic devices represent a new platform for the study of single biomolecule translocation with the potential for integration into nanofluidic circuits.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0509677},\n\tauthor = {Fan, Rong and Karnik, Rohit and Yue, Min and Li, Deyu and Majumdar, Arun and Yang, Peidong}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of Biological Reactions and Modifications on Conductance of Nanofluidic Channels.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karnik, R.; Castelino, K.; Fan, R.; Yang, P.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 5: 1638-1642. September 1, 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Effects$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {623,\n\ttitle = {Effects of Biological Reactions and Modifications on Conductance of Nanofluidic Channels},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {September 1, 2005},\n\tpages = {1638-1642},\n\tabstract = {Conductance characteristics of nanofluidic channels (nanochannels) fall into two regimes:? at low ionic concentrations, conductance is governed by surface charge while at high ionic concentrations it is determined by nanochannel geometry and bulk ionic concentration. We used aminosilane chemistry and streptavidin?biotin binding to study the effects of surface reactions on nanochannel conductance at different ionic concentrations. Immobilization of small molecules such as aminosilane or biotin mainly changes surface charge, affecting conductance only in the low concentration regime. However, streptavidin not only modifies surface charge but also occludes part of the channel, resulting in observable conductance changes in both regimes. Our observations reflect the interplay between the competing effects of charge and size of streptavidin on nanochannel conductance.},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl050966e},\n\tauthor = {Karnik, Rohit and Castelino, Kenneth and Fan, Rong and Yang, Peidong and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Monte Carlo Simulation of Silicon Nanowire Thermal Conductivity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chen, Y.; Li, D.; Lukes, J. R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 127: 1129-1137. May 18, 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Monte$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {625,\n\ttitle = {Monte Carlo Simulation of Silicon Nanowire Thermal Conductivity},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {127},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {May 18, 2005},\n\tpages = {1129-1137},\n\tabstract = {Monte Carlo simulation is applied to investigate phonon transport in single crystalline Si nanowires. Phonon-phonon normal (N) and Umklapp (U) scattering processes are modeled with a genetic algorithm to satisfy energy and momentum conservation. The scattering rates of N and U scattering processes are found from first-order perturbation theory. The thermal conductivity of Si nanowires is simulated and good agreement is achieved with recent experimental data. In order to study the confinement effects on phonon transport in nanowires, two different phonon dispersions, one from experimental measurements on bulk Si and the other solved from elastic wave theory, are adopted in the simulation. The discrepancy between simulations using different phonon dispersions increases as the nanowire diameter decreases, which suggests that the confinement effect is significant when the nanowire diameter approaches tens of nanometers. It is found that the U scattering probability in Si nanowires is higher than that in bulk Si due to the decrease of the frequency gap between different modes and the reduced phonon group velocity. Simulation results suggest that the dispersion relation for nanowires obtained from elasticity theory should be used to evaluate nanowire thermal conductivity as the nanowire diameter is reduced to the sub-100 nm scale.},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2035114},\n\tauthor = {Chen, Yunfei and Li, Deyu and Lukes, Jennifer R. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Polarity Switching and Transient Responses in Single Nanotube Nanofluidic Transistors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fan, R.; Yue, M.; Karnik, R.; Majumdar, A.; and Yang, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review Letters, 95: 086607. August 19, 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Polarity$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {627,\n\ttitle = {Polarity Switching and Transient Responses in Single Nanotube Nanofluidic Transistors},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review Letters},\n\tvolume = {95},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {August 19, 2005},\n\tpages = {086607},\n\tabstract = {We report the integration of inorganic nanotubes into metal-oxide-solution field effect transistors (FETs) which exhibit rapid field effect modulation of ionic conductance. Surface functionalization, analogous to doping in semiconductors, can switch the nanofluidic transistors from p-type to ambipolar and n-type field effect transistors. Transient study reveals the kinetics of field effect modulation is controlled by ion-exchange step. Nanofluidic FETs have potential implications in subfemtoliter analytical technology and large-scale nanofluidic integration.},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.086607},\n\tauthor = {Fan, Rong and Yue, Min and Karnik, Rohit and Majumdar, Arun and Yang, Peidong}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mixing Crowded Biological Solutions in Milliseconds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Liau, A.; Karnik, R.; Majumdar, A.; and Cate, J. H. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Analytical Chemistry, 77: 7618-7625. December 1, 2005 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Mixing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {629,\n\ttitle = {Mixing Crowded Biological Solutions in Milliseconds},\n\tjournal = {Analytical Chemistry},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {December 1, 2005},\n\tpages = {7618-7625},\n\tabstract = {In vitro studies of biological reactions are rarely performed in conditions that reflect their native intracellular environments where macromolecular crowding can drastically change reaction rates. Kinetics experiments require reactants to be mixed on a time scale faster than that of the reaction. Unfortunately, highly concentrated solutions of crowding agents such as bovine serum albumin and hemoglobin that are viscous and sticky are extremely difficult to mix rapidly. We demonstrate a new droplet-based microfluidic mixer that induces chaotic mixing of crowded solutions in milliseconds due to protrusions of the microchannel walls that generate oscillating interfacial shear within the droplets. Mixing in the microfluidic mixer is characterized, mechanisms underlying mixing are discussed, and evidence of biocompatibility is presented. This microfluidic platform will allow for the first kinetic studies of biological reactions with millisecond time resolution under conditions of macromolecular crowding similar to those within cells.},\n\tisbn = {0003-2700},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac050827h},\n\tauthor = {Liau, Albert and Karnik, Rohit and Majumdar, Arun and Cate, Jamie H. Doudna}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Diffuse mismatch model of thermal boundary conductance using exact phonon dispersion.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Reddy, P.; Castelino, K.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 87: 211908. 2005/11/21 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Diffuse$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {631,\n\ttitle = {Diffuse mismatch model of thermal boundary conductance using exact phonon dispersion},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {87},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tmonth = {2005/11/21},\n\tpages = {211908},\n\tabstract = {The acoustic mismatch model (AMM) and the diffuse mismatch model (DMM) have been traditionally used to calculate the thermal boundary conductance of interfaces. In these calculations, the phonon dispersion relationship is usually approximated by a linear relationship (Debye approximation). This is accurate for wave vectors close to the zone center, but deviates significantly for wave vectors near the zone edges. Here, we present DMM calculations of the thermal conductance of Al{\\textendash}Si, Al{\\textendash}Ge, Cu{\\textendash}Si, and Cu{\\textendash}Ge interfaces by taking into account the full phonon dispersion relationship over the entire Brillouin zone obtained using the Born-von Karman model (BKM). The thermal boundary conductance thus calculated deviates significantly from DMM predictions obtained using the Debye model in all cases.},\n\tkeywords = {Interface structure, Phonon dispersion, Phonons, Thermal conduction, Thermal models},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/87/21/10.1063/1.2133890},\n\tauthor = {Reddy, Pramod and Castelino, Kenneth and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Conductance and Thermopower of an Individual Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yu, C.; Shi, L.; Yao, Z.; Li, D.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nanoletters, 5 (9). 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {869,\n\ttitle = {Thermal Conductance and Thermopower of an Individual Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube},\n\tjournal = {Nanoletters},\n\tvolume = {5 (9)},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tchapter = {1842-1846},\n\tauthor = {C. Yu and L. Shi and Z. Yao and D. Li and A. Majumdar}\n}\n

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\n \n 2004\n \n \n (9)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Cantilever arrays for multiplexed mechanical analysis of biomolecular reaction.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yue, M.; Stachowiak, J. C.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Mechanics and Chemistry of Biosystems, 1. 2004 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {689,\n\ttitle = {Cantilever arrays for multiplexed mechanical analysis of biomolecular reaction},\n\tjournal = {Mechanics and Chemistry of Biosystems},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tmonth = {2004},\n\tchapter = {211-220},\n\tauthor = {M. Yue and J. C. Stachowiak and A. Majumdar}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ion Transport in Nanofluidic Channels.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Daiguji, H.; Yang, P.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 4: 137-142. January 1, 2004 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ion$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {717,\n\ttitle = {Ion Transport in Nanofluidic Channels},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tmonth = {January 1, 2004},\n\tpages = {137-142},\n\tabstract = {<p>Theoretical modeling of ionic distribution and transport in silica nanotubes, 30 nm in diameter and 5 ?m long, suggest that when the diameter is smaller than the Debye length, a unipolar solution of counterions is created within the nanotube and the coions are electrostatically repelled. By locally modifying the surface charge density through a gate electrode, the ion concentration can be depleted under the gate and the ionic current can be significantly suppressed. It is proposed that this could form the basis of a unipolar ionic field-effect transistor.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0348185},\n\tauthor = {Daiguji, Hirofumi and Yang, Peidong and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermoelectricity in Semiconductor Nanostructures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, 303: 777-778. 02/06/2004 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermoelectricity$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {719,\n\ttitle = {Thermoelectricity in Semiconductor Nanostructures},\n\tjournal = {Science},\n\tvolume = {303},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tmonth = {02/06/2004},\n\tpages = {777-778},\n\tabstract = {<p>Thermoelectrics are devices that convert heat to electricity directly, or vice versa. To be technologically useful, thermoelectric materials with high efficiency must be found, along with better tools to understand them. In his Perspective, Majumdar discusses the reports by Hsu et al. and Lyeo et al. that tackle these issues. Hsu et al. have found a new bulk material that exhibits a so-called figure of merit with a value around 2, which is an encouraging step on the road to materials that could compete with conventional thermodynamic devices such as power generators and refrigerators. Lyeo et al. report on a new technique for measuring thermoelectric properties over nanometer scales. The interdisciplinary combination of thermoelectric research with microelectronics and nanotechnology, Majumdar argues, will have a positive impact on both fields.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/303/5659/777},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A 2-D microcantilever array for multiplexed biomolecular analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yue, M.; Lin, H.; Dedrick, D. E.; Satyanarayana, S.; Majumdar, A.; Bedekar, A.; Jenkins, J.; and Sundaram, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 13: 290-299. April 2004 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {721,\n\ttitle = {A 2-D microcantilever array for multiplexed biomolecular analysis},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tmonth = {April 2004},\n\tpages = {290-299},\n\tabstract = {<p>An accurate, rapid, and quantitative method for analyzing variety of biomolecules, such as DNA and proteins, is necessary in many biomedical applications and could help address several scientific issues in molecular biology. Recent experiments have shown that when specific biological reactions occur on one surface of a microcantilever beam, the resulting changes in surface stress deflect the cantilever beam. To exploit this phenomenon for high-throughput label-free biomolecular analysis, we have developed a chip containing a two-dimensional (2-D) array of silicon nitride cantilevers with a thin gold coating on one surface. Integration of microfluid cells on the chip allows for individual functionalization of each cantilever of the array, which is designed to respond specifically to a target analyte. An optical system to readout deflections of multiple cantilevers was also developed. The cantilevers exhibited thermomechanical sensitivity with a standard deviation of seven percent, and were found to fall into two categories-those whose deflections tracked each other in response to external stimuli, and those whose did not due to drift. The best performance of two \\&quot;tracking\\&quot; cantilevers showed a maximum difference of 4 nm in their deflections. Although \\&quot;nontracking\\&quot; cantilevers exhibited large differences in their drift behavior, an upper bound of their time-dependent drift was determined, which could allow for rapid bioassays. Using the differential deflection signal between tracking cantilevers, immobilization of 25mer thiolated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on gold surfaces produced repeatable deflections of 80 nm or so on 0.5-μm-thick and 200-μm-long cantilevers.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {0.5E-6 m, 2-D microcantilever array, 200E-6 m, 4 nm, accurate method, biological reactions, biological techniques, biomedical applications, biomedical electronics, Biomedical optical imaging, Biosensors, Coatings, differential deflection signal, DNA, drift behavior, Gold, high-throughput biomolecular analysi, label-free biomolecular analysis, microcantilever beam, microfluid cells integration, microfluidics, microsensors, molecular biology, molecular biophysics, multiple cantilevers, multiplexed biomolecular analysis, nontracking cantilevers, optical arrays, optical system, Proteins, quantitative method, rapid bioassays, rapid method, readout deflections, readout electronics, scientific issues, silicon, silicon compounds, silicon nitride cantilevers, single-stranded DNA, Stress, Structural beams, surface stress charges, target analyte, thermomechanical sensitivity, thin gold coating, time-dependent drift, tracking cantilevers, Two dimensional displays},\n\tisbn = {1057-7157},\n\tauthor = {Yue, Min and Lin, H. and Dedrick, Daniel E. and Satyanarayana, Srinath and Majumdar, A. and Bedekar, A.S. and Jenkins, J.W. and Sundaram, S.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Role of electron-phonon coupling in thermal conductance of metal-nonmetal interfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; and Reddy, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied physics letters, 84: 4768-4770. 2004 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Role$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {723,\n\ttitle = {Role of electron-phonon coupling in thermal conductance of metal-nonmetal interfaces},\n\tjournal = {Applied physics letters},\n\tvolume = {84},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tmonth = {2004},\n\tpages = {4768-4770},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951},\n\turl = {http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN\\&cpsidt=15847132},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, Arun and Reddy, Pramod}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fabrication and characterization of a nanowire/polymer-based nanocomposite for a prototype thermoelectric device.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abramson, A.; Kim, W. C.; Huxtable, S.; Yan, H.; Wu, Y.; Majumdar, A.; Tien, C.; and Yang, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 13: 505-513. June 2004 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {725,\n\ttitle = {Fabrication and characterization of a nanowire/polymer-based nanocomposite for a prototype thermoelectric device},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tmonth = {June 2004},\n\tpages = {505-513},\n\tabstract = {<p>This paper discusses the design, fabrication and testing of a novel thermoelectric device comprised of arrays of silicon nanowires embedded in a polymer matrix. By exploiting the low-thermal conductivity of the composite and presumably high-power factor of the nanowires, a thermoelectric figure of merit, higher than the corresponding bulk value, should result. Arrays were first synthesized using a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process leading to one-dimensional (1-D) growth of single-crystalline nanowires. To provide structural support while maintaining thermal isolation between nanowires, parylene, a low thermal conductivity and extremely conformal polymer, was embedded within the arrays. Mechanical polishing and oxygen plasma etching techniques were used to expose the nanowire tips and a metal contact was deposited on the top surface. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) illustrate the results of the fabrication processes. Using a modification of the 3ω technique, the effective thermal conductivity of the nanowire matrix was measured and 1 V characteristics were also demonstrated. An assessment of the suitability of this nanocomposite for high thermoelectric performance devices is given.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {1 V, Composite, conformal polymer, Fabrication, low-thermal conductivity, mechanical polishing, metal contact, nanocomposites, Nanoscale devices, nanowire tips, nanowire-polymer-based nanocomposite, Nanowires, oxygen plasma etching, Plasma measurements, polymer matrix, polymers, prototype thermoelectric device, Prototypes, scanning electron micrographs, Scanning electron microscopy, silicon, silicon nanowires, single-crystalline nanowires, Testing, Thermal conductivity, thermal isolation, thermoelectric device, Thermoelectric devices, Thermoelectricity, vapor-liquid-solid process},\n\tisbn = {1057-7157},\n\tauthor = {Abramson, A.R. and Kim, Woo Chul and Huxtable, S.T. and Yan, Haoquan and Wu, Yiying and Majumdar, A. and Tien, Chang-Lin and Yang, Peidong}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Molecular dynamics study of the lattice thermal conductivity of Kr/Ar superlattice nanowires.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chen, Y.; Li, D.; Yang, J.; Wu, Y.; Lukes, J. R.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physica B: Condensed Matter, 349: 270-280. June 15, 2004 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Molecular$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {727,\n\ttitle = {Molecular dynamics study of the lattice thermal conductivity of Kr/Ar superlattice nanowires},\n\tjournal = {Physica B: Condensed Matter},\n\tvolume = {349},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tmonth = {June 15, 2004},\n\tpages = {270-280},\n\tabstract = {<p>The nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) method has been used to calculate the lattice thermal conductivities of Ar and Kr/Ar nanostructures in order to study the effects of interface scattering, boundary scattering, and elastic strain on lattice thermal conductivity. Results show that interface scattering poses significant resistance to phonon transport in superlattices and superlattice nanowires. The thermal conductivity of the Kr/Ar superlattice nanowire is only about 13 of that for pure Ar nanowires with the same cross-sectional area and total length due to the additional interfacial thermal resistance. It is found that nanowire boundary scattering provides significant resistance to phonon transport. As the cross-sectional area increases, the nanowire boundary scattering decreases, which leads to increased nanowire thermal conductivity. The ratio of the interfacial thermal resistance to the total effective thermal resistance increases from 30\\% for the superlattice nanowire to 42\\% for the superlattice film. Period length is another important factor affecting the effective thermal conductivity of the nanostructures. Increasing the period length will lead to increased acoustic mismatch between the adjacent layers, and hence increased interfacial thermal resistance. However, if the total length of the superlattice nanowire is fixed, reducing the period length will lead to decreased effective thermal conductivity due to the increased number of interfaces. Finally, it is found that the interfacial thermal resistance decreases as the reference temperature increases, which might be due to the inelastic interface scattering.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Interface scattering effect, Molecular dynamics simulation, Superlattice nanowire, Thermal conductivity},\n\tisbn = {0921-4526},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921452604004727},\n\tauthor = {Chen, Yunfei and Li, Deyu and Yang, Juekuan and Wu, Yonghua and Lukes, Jennifer R. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Electrochemomechanical Energy Conversion in Nanofluidic Channels.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Daiguji, H.; Yang, P.; Szeri, A. J.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 4: 2315-2321. December 1, 2004 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Electrochemomechanical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {729,\n\ttitle = {Electrochemomechanical Energy Conversion in Nanofluidic Channels},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tmonth = {December 1, 2004},\n\tpages = {2315-2321},\n\tabstract = {<p>When the Debye length is on the order of or larger than the height of a nanofluidic channel containing surface charge, a unipolar solution of counterions is generated to maintain electrical neutrality. A pressure-gradient-driven flow under such conditions can be used for ion separation, which forms the basis for electrochemomechanical energy conversion. The current?potential (I?φ) characteristics of such a battery were calculated using continuum dynamics. When the bulk concentration is large and the channel does not become a unipolar solution of counterions, both the current and potential become small. On the other hand, when bulk concentration is so much smaller, the mass diffusion becomes the rate-controlling step and the potential drops rapidly in the high current density region. When the Debye length of the solution is about half of the channel height, the efficiency is maximized.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0489945},\n\tauthor = {Daiguji, Hirofumi and Yang, Peidong and Szeri, Andrew J. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n DNA-Based Programmed Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles on Lithographic Patterns with Extraordinary Specificity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kannan, B.; Kulkarni, R. P.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 4: 1521-1524. August 1, 2004 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"DNA-Based$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {731,\n\ttitle = {DNA-Based Programmed Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles on Lithographic Patterns with Extraordinary Specificity},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tmonth = {August 1, 2004},\n\tpages = {1521-1524},\n\tabstract = {<p>We demonstrate the highly specific and programmed assembly of oligonucleotide-conjugated gold nanoparticles on lithographically defined microscale gold patterns. A key feature of our fabrication technique is the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) groups to form an inert coating on regions of the chip where no nanoparticle assembly is desired. By assembling multiple layers of DNA-conjugated nanoparticles we illustrate the capability of PEG surface coatings to exquisitely direct the nanoparticles onto the lithographic patterns with almost zero nonspecific reaction per square micron. We further suggest that the use of PEG to eliminate nonspecific reaction may be extended to micro- and nanoscale fabrication systems that make use of a variety of different nanostructures.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl049247a},\n\tauthor = {Kannan, Balaji and Kulkarni, Rajan P. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanoscale thermal transport.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cahill, D. G.; Ford, W. K.; Goodson, K. E.; Mahan, G. D.; Majumdar, A.; Maris, H. J.; Merlin, R.; and Phillpot, S. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Physics, 93: 793-818. 2003/01/15 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nanoscale$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {691,\n\ttitle = {Nanoscale thermal transport},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {93},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {2003/01/15},\n\tpages = {793-818},\n\tabstract = {<p>Rapid progress in the synthesis and processing of materials with structure on nanometer length scales has created a demand for greater scientific understanding of thermal transport in nanoscale devices, individual nanostructures, and nanostructured materials. This review emphasizes developments in experiment, theory, and computation that have occurred in the past ten years and summarizes the present status of the field. Interfaces between materials become increasingly important on small length scales. The thermal conductance of many solid\\&ndash;solid interfaces have been studied experimentally but the range of observed interface properties is much smaller than predicted by simple theory. Classical molecular dynamics simulations are emerging as a powerful tool for calculations of thermal conductance and phonon scattering, and may provide for a lively interplay of experiment and theory in the near term. Fundamental issues remain concerning the correct definitions of temperature in nonequilibrium nanoscale systems. Modern Si microelectronics are now firmly in the nanoscale regime\\&mdash;experiments have demonstrated that the close proximity of interfaces and the extremely small volume of heat dissipation strongly modifies thermal transport, thereby aggravating problems of thermal management. Microelectronic devices are too large to yield to atomic-level simulation in the foreseeable future and, therefore, calculations of thermal transport must rely on solutions of the Boltzmann transport equation; microscopic phonon scattering rates needed for predictive models are, even for Si, poorly known. Low-dimensional nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes, are predicted to have novel transport properties; the first quantitative experiments of the thermal conductivity of nanotubes have recently been achieved using microfabricated measurement systems. Nanoscale porosity decreases the permittivity of amorphous dielectrics but porosity also strongly decreases the thermal conductivity. The promise of improved thermoelectric materials and problems of thermal management of optoelectronic devices have stimulated extensive studies of semiconductor superlattices; agreement between experiment and theory is generally poor. Advances in measurement methods, e.g., the 3ω method, time-domain thermoreflectance, sources of coherent phonons, microfabricated test structures, and the scanning thermal microscope, are enabling new capabilities for nanoscale thermal metrology.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Boltzmann equations, Nanomaterials, nanostructures, Phonons, Thermal conductivity},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/93/2/10.1063/1.1524305},\n\tauthor = {Cahill, David G. and Ford, Wayne K. and Goodson, Kenneth E. and Mahan, Gerald D. and Majumdar, Arun and Maris, Humphrey J. and Merlin, Roberto and Phillpot, Simon R.}\n}\n

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Rapid progress in the synthesis and processing of materials with structure on nanometer length scales has created a demand for greater scientific understanding of thermal transport in nanoscale devices, individual nanostructures, and nanostructured materials. This review emphasizes developments in experiment, theory, and computation that have occurred in the past ten years and summarizes the present status of the field. Interfaces between materials become increasingly important on small length scales. The thermal conductance of many solid–solid interfaces have been studied experimentally but the range of observed interface properties is much smaller than predicted by simple theory. Classical molecular dynamics simulations are emerging as a powerful tool for calculations of thermal conductance and phonon scattering, and may provide for a lively interplay of experiment and theory in the near term. Fundamental issues remain concerning the correct definitions of temperature in nonequilibrium nanoscale systems. Modern Si microelectronics are now firmly in the nanoscale regime—experiments have demonstrated that the close proximity of interfaces and the extremely small volume of heat dissipation strongly modifies thermal transport, thereby aggravating problems of thermal management. Microelectronic devices are too large to yield to atomic-level simulation in the foreseeable future and, therefore, calculations of thermal transport must rely on solutions of the Boltzmann transport equation; microscopic phonon scattering rates needed for predictive models are, even for Si, poorly known. Low-dimensional nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes, are predicted to have novel transport properties; the first quantitative experiments of the thermal conductivity of nanotubes have recently been achieved using microfabricated measurement systems. Nanoscale porosity decreases the permittivity of amorphous dielectrics but porosity also strongly decreases the thermal conductivity. The promise of improved thermoelectric materials and problems of thermal management of optoelectronic devices have stimulated extensive studies of semiconductor superlattices; agreement between experiment and theory is generally poor. Advances in measurement methods, e.g., the 3ω method, time-domain thermoreflectance, sources of coherent phonons, microfabricated test structures, and the scanning thermal microscope, are enabling new capabilities for nanoscale thermal metrology.

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scanning Thermal Wave Microscopy (STWM).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; Shi, L.; and Kwon, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 125: 156-163. January 2003 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Scanning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {693,\n\ttitle = {Scanning Thermal Wave Microscopy (STWM)},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {125},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {January 2003},\n\tpages = {156-163},\n\tabstract = {<p>This paper presents a technique, scanning thermal wave microscopy (STWM), which can<br />\r\n\timage the phase lag and amplitude of thermal waves with sub-micrometer resolution by<br />\r\n\tscanning a temperature-sensing nanoscale tip across a sample surface. Phase lag measurements<br />\r\n\tduring tip-sample contact showed enhancement of tip-sample heat transfer due<br />\r\n\tto the presence of a liquid film. The measurement accuracy of STWM is proved by a<br />\r\n\tbenchmark experiment and comparison to theoretical prediction. The application of<br />\r\n\tSTWM for sub-surface imaging of buried structures is demonstrated by measuring the<br />\r\n\tphase lag and amplitude distributions of an interconnect via sample. The measurement<br />\r\n\tshowed excellent agreement with a finite element analysis offering the promising prospects<br />\r\n\tof three-dimensional thermal probing of micro and nanostructures. Finally, it was<br />\r\n\tshown that the resolving power of thermal waves for subsurface structures improves as<br />\r\n\tthe wavelengths of the thermal waves become shorter at higher modulation frequencies.</p>\r\n},\n\tissn = {0022-1481},\n\tdoi = {10.1115/1.1518492},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1518492},\n\tauthor = {Arun Majumdar and Li Shi and Ohmyoung Kwon}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Design and control of a thermal stabilizing system for a MEMS optomechanical uncooled infrared imaging camera.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Choi, J.; Yamaguchi, J.; Morales, S.; Horowitz, R.; Zhao, Y.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 104: 132-142. April 15, 2003 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Design$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {695,\n\ttitle = {Design and control of a thermal stabilizing system for a MEMS optomechanical uncooled infrared imaging camera},\n\tjournal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},\n\tvolume = {104},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {April 15, 2003},\n\tpages = {132-142},\n\tabstract = {<p>In this paper, the design and control of a thermal stabilizing system for an optomechanical uncooled infrared (IR) imaging camera is presented, which uses an array of MEMS bimaterial cantilever beams to sense an IR image source. A one-dimensional lumped parameter model of the thermal stabilization system was derived and experimentally validated. A model-based discrete time linear quadratic gaussian regulator (LQGR) control scheme, with a stochastic ambient noise model, was implemented. The control system incorporates a reference model, which generates desired reference temperature trajectory, and integral action to respectively diminish overshoots and achieve zero steady state error in closed loop. Simulation results show that the designed LQGR is able to enhance ambient temperature low frequency disturbance attenuation by more than 50 dB. The control system is able to regulate the focal-plane array (FPA) temperature with a standard deviation of about 100 μK, in spite of the fact that the temperature measurement noise has a standard deviation of 1 mK. Noise analysis results for the present stage of the optomechanical IR imaging system are summarized. The noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of the current stage of the IR camera system can achieve about 200 mK.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Infrared image detectors, LQGR control, MEMS IR sensors, NETD, Stochastic modeling, Temperature control},\n\tisbn = {0924-4247},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424703000049},\n\tauthor = {Choi, Jongeun and Yamaguchi, Joji and Morales, Simon and Horowitz, Roberto and Zhao, Yang and Majumdar, Arunava}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fabrication of Silica Nanotube Arrays from Vertical Silicon Nanowire Templates.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fan, R.; Wu, Y.; Li, D.; Yue, M.; Majumdar, A.; and Yang, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125: 5254-5255. May 1, 2003 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Fabrication$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {697,\n\ttitle = {Fabrication of Silica Nanotube Arrays from Vertical Silicon Nanowire Templates},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},\n\tvolume = {125},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {May 1, 2003},\n\tpages = {5254-5255},\n\tabstract = {<p>A simple thermal oxidation-etching process was developed to translate vertical silicon nanowire arrays into silica nanotube arrays. The obtained nanotubes perfectly retain the orientation of original silicon nanowire arrays. The inner tube diameter ranges from 10 to 200 nm. High-temperature oxidation produces relative thick, rigid, and pinhole-free walls that are made of condensed silica. This method could be useful for fabrication of single nanotube sensors and nanofluidic systems.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0002-7863},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja034163+},\n\tauthor = {Fan, Rong and Wu, Yiying and Li, Deyu and Yue, Min and Majumdar, Arun and Yang, Peidong}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Room-Temperature Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism and Multiallele DNA Detection Using Fluorescent Nanocrystals and Microarrays.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gerion, D.; Chen, F.; Kannan, B.; Fu, A.; Parak, W. J.; Chen, D. J.; Majumdar, A.; and Alivisatos, A. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Analytical Chemistry, 75: 4766-4772. September 2003 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Room-Temperature$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {699,\n\ttitle = {Room-Temperature Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism and Multiallele DNA Detection Using Fluorescent Nanocrystals and Microarrays},\n\tjournal = {Analytical Chemistry},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {September 2003},\n\tpages = {4766-4772},\n\tabstract = {<p>We report two cDNA microarray-based applications of DNA?nanocrystal conjugates, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and multiallele detections, using a commercial scanner and two sets of nanocrystals with orthogonal emissions. We focus on SNP mutation detection in the human p53 tumor suppressor gene, which has been found to be mutated in more than 50\\% of the known human cancers. DNA?nanocrystal conjugates are able to detect both SNP and single-base deletion at room temperature within minutes, with true-to-false signal ratios above 10. We also demonstrate microarray-based multiallele detection, using hybridization of multicolor nanocrystals conjugated to two sequences specific for the hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus, two common viral pathogens that inflict more than 10\\% of the population in the developing countries worldwide. The simultaneous detection of multiple genetic markers with microarrays and DNA?nanocrystal conjugates has no precedent and suggests the possibility of detecting an even greater number of bacterial or viral pathogens simultaneously.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0003-2700},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac034482j},\n\tauthor = {Gerion, Daniele and Chen, Fanqing and Kannan, Balaji and Fu, Aihua and Parak, Wolfgang J. and Chen, David J. and Majumdar, Arunava and Alivisatos, A. Paul}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal conductivity of individual silicon nanowires.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Li, D.; Wu, Y.; Kim, P.; Shi, L.; Yang, P.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 83: 2934-2936. 2003/10/06 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {701,\n\ttitle = {Thermal conductivity of individual silicon nanowires},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {83},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {2003/10/06},\n\tpages = {2934-2936},\n\tabstract = {<p>The thermal conductivities of individual single crystalline intrinsic Si nanowires with diameters of 22, 37, 56, and 115 nm were measured using a microfabricated suspended device over a temperature range of 20\\&ndash;320 K. Although the nanowires had well-defined crystalline order, the thermal conductivity observed was more than two orders of magnitude lower than the bulk value. The strong diameter dependence of thermal conductivity in nanowires was ascribed to the increased phonon-boundary scattering and possible phonon spectrum modification.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Nanowires, Phonons, silicon, Thermal conductivity},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/83/14/10.1063/1.1616981},\n\tauthor = {Li, Deyu and Wu, Yiying and Kim, Philip and Shi, Li and Yang, Peidong and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal conductivity of Si/SiGe superlattice nanowires.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Li, D.; Wu, Y.; Fan, R.; Yang, P.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 83: 3186-3188. 2003/10/13 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {703,\n\ttitle = {Thermal conductivity of Si/SiGe superlattice nanowires},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {83},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {2003/10/13},\n\tpages = {3186-3188},\n\tabstract = {<p>The thermal conductivities of individual single crystalline Si/SiGe superlatticenanowires with diameters of 58 and 83 nm were measured over a temperature range from 20 to 320 K. The observed thermal conductivity shows similar temperature dependence as that of two-dimensional Si/SiGe superlattice films. Comparison with the thermal conductivity data of intrinsic Si nanowires suggests that alloy scattering of phonons in the Si\\&ndash;Ge segments is the dominant scattering mechanism in these superlatticenanowires. In addition, boundary scattering also contributes to thermal conductivity reduction.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Nanowires, Phonons, Superlattices, Temperature measurement, Thermal conductivity},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/83/15/10.1063/1.1619221},\n\tauthor = {Li, Deyu and Wu, Yiying and Fan, Rong and Yang, Peidong and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Measuring Thermal and Thermoelectric Properties of One-Dimensional Nanostructures Using a Microfabricated Device.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shi, L.; Li, D.; Yu, C.; Jang, W.; Kim, D.; Yao, Z.; Kim, P.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 125: 881-888. September 2003 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Measuring$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {705,\n\ttitle = {Measuring Thermal and Thermoelectric Properties of One-Dimensional Nanostructures Using a Microfabricated Device},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {125},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {September 2003},\n\tpages = {881-888},\n\tabstract = {<p>We have batch-fabricated a microdevice consisting of two adjacent symmetric silicon nitride membranes suspended by long silicon nitride beams for measuring thermophysical properties of one-dimensional nanostructures (nanotubes, nanowires, and nanobelts) bridging the two membranes. A platinum resistance heater/thermometer is fabricated on each membrane. One membrane can be Joule heated to cause heat conduction through the sample to the other membrane. Thermal conductance, electrical conductance, and Seebeck coefficient can be measured using this microdevice in the temperature range of 4\\&ndash;400 K of an evacuated Helium cryostat. Measurement sensitivity, errors, and uncertainty are discussed. Measurement results of a 148 nm and a 10 nm-diameter single wall carbon nanotube bundle are presented.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1597619},\n\tauthor = {Shi, Li and Li, Deyu and Yu, Choongho and Jang, Wanyoung and Kim, Dohyung and Yao, Zhen and Kim, Philip and Majumdar, Arunava}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Predicting the Thermal Conductivity of Si and Ge Nanowires.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mingo, N.; Yang, L.; Li, D.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 3: 1713-1716. December 1, 2003 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Predicting$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {707,\n\ttitle = {Predicting the Thermal Conductivity of Si and Ge Nanowires},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {December 1, 2003},\n\tpages = {1713-1716},\n\tabstract = {<p>We theoretically predict the thermal conductivity versus temperature dependence of Si and Ge nanowires. Three methods are compared:? the traditional Callaway and Holland approaches, and our ?real dispersions? approach. Calculations with the former two show large disagreements with experimental data. On the contrary, the real dispersions approach yields good agreement with experiments for Si nanowires between 37 and 115 nm wide, approximately. In all cases, only bulk data are used as inputs for the calculation. Predictions for Ge nanowires of varying diameters are given, enabling future experimental verification.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl034721i},\n\tauthor = {Mingo, Natalio and Yang, Liu and Li, Deyu and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Design of Nanostructured Heterojunction Polymer Photovoltaic Devices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kannan, B.; Castelino, K.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nano Letters, 3: 1729-1733. December 1, 2003 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Design$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {709,\n\ttitle = {Design of Nanostructured Heterojunction Polymer Photovoltaic Devices},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {December 1, 2003},\n\tpages = {1729-1733},\n\tabstract = {<p>Solar cells made from blends of conjugated polymers and nanostructured inorganic materials are an important class of organic photovoltaic devices. However, there has been no systematic theoretical analysis of their operation and performance. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to analyze the performance of two classes of heterojunction solar cells composed of ordered nanostructures. Based on the simulations, we conclude that in order to obtain reasonable efficiencies, the size and spacing of the nanostructures must be on the order of the exciton diffusion length scale. Possible quantum and other confinement effects are qualitatively discussed.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl034810v},\n\tauthor = {Kannan, Balaji and Castelino, Kenneth and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mems as a platform for nanoexploration and nanointegration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Computational Engineering Science, 04: 189-194. June 1, 2003 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Mems$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {711,\n\ttitle = {Mems as a platform for nanoexploration and nanointegration},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Computational Engineering Science},\n\tvolume = {04},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {June 1, 2003},\n\tpages = {189-194},\n\tabstract = {<p>Development of nanosystems require integration of nanostructures into a microscale object that can interact with its environment and collectively provide a unique function. MEMS provides an ideal platform for such integration since it forms the link between the nano and macroscales while offering electronic, acoustic, thermal, optical, magnetic, mechanical, and fluidic interfaces with its environment. MEMS can also be used to develop instruments that can probe and manipulate nanostructures. This paper describes a few examples of both roles that MEMS can play.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1465-8763},\n\turl = {http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1465876303000880},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Transport of Biomolecules in the Ratcheting Electrophoresis Microchip (REM).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ohara, T.; Torii, D.; Majumdar, A.; and Dunphy, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JSME International Journal Series B Fluids and Thermal Engineering, 46: 593-599. 2003 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {713,\n\ttitle = {Transport of Biomolecules in the Ratcheting Electrophoresis Microchip (REM)},\n\tjournal = {JSME International Journal Series B Fluids and Thermal Engineering},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {2003},\n\tpages = {593-599},\n\tabstract = {<p>Ratcheting electrophoresis microchip (REM) is a novel concept of a microfluidic device proposed by the authors for the electrophoretic separation of macromolecules such as DNA and proteins in aqueous solution. In the present report, a new type of REM is proposed. The first prototype of the REM, which consists of a microchannel and an array of thousands of parallel linear microelectrodes with a width of \\&sim;2\\&micro;m and a pitch of \\&sim;10\\&micro;m embedded in the wall of the microchannel, has some problems: dispersion of analyte molecules is large when they leave the surface of the electrodes in the direction parallel to the surface, and the small width of the microelectrodes that are needed to minimize the dispersion of molecules makes the chip susceptible to the Debye screening. To solve these problems, the crosswise migration type is proposed here, where electrophoretic migration is driven as crossing the microchannel, which results in minimized dispersion of analyte molecules and effective electric field over the whole channel that is free from the Debye screening. Computational simulation has been performed and satisfactory results were obtained.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Biomolecules, Electrophoresis, Mass Transfer, Microchip, Ratcheting},\n\tauthor = {Ohara, Taku and Torii, Daichi and Majumdar, Arun and Dunphy, Katherine}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cross-Sectional Thermal Imaging of a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kwon, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 7: 349-354. January 1, 2003 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Cross-Sectional$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {715,\n\ttitle = {Cross-Sectional Thermal Imaging of a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor},\n\tjournal = {Microscale Thermophysical Engineering},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tmonth = {January 1, 2003},\n\tpages = {349-354},\n\tabstract = {<p>Understanding of heat generation in semiconductor devices is important in the thermal management of integrated circuits and in the analysis of the device physics. Scanning thermal microscopy was used to measure the temperature distribution of the cross-section of an operating metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). The temperature distributions were measured both in DC and AC modes in order to take account of the leakage current. The location of the maximum temperature was observed to approach the drain as the drain bias was increased.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1089-3954},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10893950390243617},\n\tauthor = {Kwon, Ohmyoung}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Optomechanical uncooled infrared imaging system: design, microfabrication, and performance.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhao, Y.; Mao, M.; Horowitz, R.; Majumdar, A.; Varesi, J.; Norton, P.; and Kitching, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 11: 136-146. April 2002 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {749,\n\ttitle = {Optomechanical uncooled infrared imaging system: design, microfabrication, and performance},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tmonth = {April 2002},\n\tpages = {136-146},\n\tabstract = {This paper presents the design, fabrication and performance of an uncooled micro-optomechanical infrared (IR) imaging system consisting of a focal-plane array (FPA) containing bi-material cantilever pixels made of silicon nitride (SiNx) and gold (Au), which serve as infrared absorbers and thermomechanical transducers. Based on wave optics, a visible optical readout system is designed to simultaneously measure the deflections of all the cantilever beams in the FPA and project the visible deflection map onto a visible charge-coupled device (CCD) imager. The IR imaging results suggest that the detection resolution of current design is 3-5 K, whereas noise analysis indicates the current resolution to be around 1 K. The noise analysis also shows that the theoretical noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of the system can be below 3 mK},\n\tkeywords = {beam deflection, CCD image sensors, CCD imager, focal plane array, focal planes, Gold, Image analysis, Image resolution, infrared absorber, infrared imaging, micro-optics, microfabrication, microsensors, noise equivalent temperature difference, Optical device fabrication, Optical devices, Optical imaging, Optical noise, Pixel, silicon, silicon nitride/gold bi-material cantilever pixels, SiN-Au, thermomechanical transducer, uncooled micro-optomechanical infrared imaging system, visible optical readout system, wave optics},\n\tisbn = {1057-7157},\n\tauthor = {Zhao, Yang and Mao, Minyao and Horowitz, R. and Majumdar, A. and Varesi, J. and Norton, P. and Kitching, J.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Interface and Strain Effects on the Thermal Conductivity of Heterostructures: A Molecular Dynamics Study.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abramson, A. R.; Tien, C.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 124: 963-970. September 11, 2002 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Interface$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {755,\n\ttitle = {Interface and Strain Effects on the Thermal Conductivity of Heterostructures: A Molecular Dynamics Study},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {124},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tmonth = {September 11, 2002},\n\tpages = {963-970},\n\tabstract = {Molecular dynamics simulations are used to examine how thermal transport is affected by the presence of one or more interfaces. Parameters such as film thickness, the ratio of respective material composition, the number of interfaces per unit length, and lattice strain are considered. Results indicate that for simple nanoscale strained heterostructures containing a single interface, the effective thermal conductivity may be less than half the value of an average of the thermal conductivities of the respective unstrained thin films. Increasing the number of interfaces per unit length, however, does not necessarily result in a corresponding decrease in the effective thermal conductivity of the superlattice.},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1495516},\n\tauthor = {Abramson, Alexis R. and Tien, Chang-Lin and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bioassays Based on Molecular Nanomechanics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Disease Markers, 18: 167-174. 2002 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Bioassays$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {757,\n\ttitle = {Bioassays Based on Molecular Nanomechanics},\n\tjournal = {Disease Markers},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tmonth = {2002},\n\tpages = {167-174},\n\tabstract = {Recent experiments have shown that when specific biomolecular interactions are confined to one surface of a microcantilever beam, changes in intermolecular nanomechanical forces provide sufficient differential torque to bend the cantilever beam. This has been used to detect single base pair mismatches during DNA hybridization, as well as prostate specific antigen (PSA) at concentrations and conditions that are clinically relevant for prostate cancer diagnosis. Since cantilever motion originates from free energy change induced by specific biomolecular binding, this technique is now offering a common platform for label-free quantitative analysis of protein-protein binding, DNA hybridization DNA-protein interactions, and in general receptor-ligand interactions. Current work is focused on developing \\&$\\#$x201C;universal microarrays\\&$\\#$x201D; of microcantilever beams for high-throughput multiplexed bioassays.},\n\tisbn = {0278-0240},\n\turl = {http://www.hindawi.com/journals/dm/2002/856032/abs/},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanomechanical Forces Generated by Surface Grafted DNA.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hagan, M. F.; Majumdar, A.; and Chakraborty, A. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 106: 10163-10173. October 1, 2002 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nanomechanical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {759,\n\ttitle = {Nanomechanical Forces Generated by Surface Grafted DNA},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry B},\n\tvolume = {106},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tmonth = {October 1, 2002},\n\tpages = {10163-10173},\n\tabstract = {Recent experiments show that the adsorption of biomolecules on one surface of a microcantilever generates surface stresses that cause the cantilever to deflect. If a second species binds to the adsorbed molecules, the stresses change, resulting in a different deflection. By choosing adsorbed probe molecules that recognize specific molecules, it may be possible to detect pathogens and biohazards. In particular, Fritz et al. (Fritz, J.; Baller, M. K.; Lang, H. P.; Rothuizen, H.; Vettiger, P.; Meyer, E.; Guntherodt, H.-J.; Gerber, Ch.; Gimzewski, J. K. Science 2000, 288, 316) and Wu et al. (Wu, G.; Haifeng, J.; Hansen, K.; Thundat, T.; Datar, R.; Cote, R.; Hagan, M. F.; Chakraborty, A. K.; Majumdar, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2001, 98, 1560) show that the presence of an individual sequence of DNA may be identified by observing the change in deflection as hybridization occurs. Also, it has been shown that this platform can detect prostate specific antigen (PSA). However, to exploit this phenomenon for the development of reliable microdevices, it is necessary to understand the origin of the nanomechanical forces that lead to cantilever deflection upon molecular recognition, as well as the dependence of such deflections on the identity and concentration of the target molecule. In this paper, we present a model with which we examine cantilever deflections resulting from adsorption and subsequent hybridization of DNA molecules. Using an empirical potential, we predict deflections upon hybridization that are consistent with experimental results. We find that the dominant contribution to these deflections arises from hydration forces, not conformational entropy or electrostatics. Cantilever deflections upon adsorption of single stranded DNA are smaller that those predicted after hybridization for reasonable interaction strengths. This is consistent with results in Fritz et al., but not those in Wu et al. The deflections predicted for DNA before and after hybridization are strongly dependent on surface coverage, as well as the degree of disorder on the surface. We argue that self-assembly of probe molecules on the cantilever surface must be carefully controlled and characterized for the realization of microdevices for pathogen detection that rely on nanomechanical forces generated by molecular recognition.},\n\tisbn = {1520-6106},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp020972o},\n\tauthor = {Hagan, Michael F. and Majumdar, Arun and Chakraborty, Arup K.}\n}\n

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\n Recent experiments show that the adsorption of biomolecules on one surface of a microcantilever generates surface stresses that cause the cantilever to deflect. If a second species binds to the adsorbed molecules, the stresses change, resulting in a different deflection. By choosing adsorbed probe molecules that recognize specific molecules, it may be possible to detect pathogens and biohazards. In particular, Fritz et al. (Fritz, J.; Baller, M. K.; Lang, H. P.; Rothuizen, H.; Vettiger, P.; Meyer, E.; Guntherodt, H.-J.; Gerber, Ch.; Gimzewski, J. K. Science 2000, 288, 316) and Wu et al. (Wu, G.; Haifeng, J.; Hansen, K.; Thundat, T.; Datar, R.; Cote, R.; Hagan, M. F.; Chakraborty, A. K.; Majumdar, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2001, 98, 1560) show that the presence of an individual sequence of DNA may be identified by observing the change in deflection as hybridization occurs. Also, it has been shown that this platform can detect prostate specific antigen (PSA). However, to exploit this phenomenon for the development of reliable microdevices, it is necessary to understand the origin of the nanomechanical forces that lead to cantilever deflection upon molecular recognition, as well as the dependence of such deflections on the identity and concentration of the target molecule. In this paper, we present a model with which we examine cantilever deflections resulting from adsorption and subsequent hybridization of DNA molecules. Using an empirical potential, we predict deflections upon hybridization that are consistent with experimental results. We find that the dominant contribution to these deflections arises from hydration forces, not conformational entropy or electrostatics. Cantilever deflections upon adsorption of single stranded DNA are smaller that those predicted after hybridization for reasonable interaction strengths. This is consistent with results in Fritz et al., but not those in Wu et al. The deflections predicted for DNA before and after hybridization are strongly dependent on surface coverage, as well as the degree of disorder on the surface. We argue that self-assembly of probe molecules on the cantilever surface must be carefully controlled and characterized for the realization of microdevices for pathogen detection that rely on nanomechanical forces generated by molecular recognition.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Conductivity of Si/SiGe and SiGe/SiGe Superlattices.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Huxtable, S.; Abramson, A.; Tien, C. L.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Appl. Phys. Letts., 80. 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {871,\n\ttitle = {Thermal Conductivity of Si/SiGe and SiGe/SiGe Superlattices},\n\tjournal = {Appl. Phys. Letts.},\n\tvolume = {80},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tchapter = {1737-1739},\n\tauthor = {S. Huxtable and A. Abramson and C. L. Tien and A. Majumdar}\n}\n

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\n \n 2001\n \n \n (12)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Origin of nanomechanical cantilever motion generated from biomolecular interactions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wu, G.; Ji, H.; Hansen, K.; Thundat, T.; Datar, R.; Cote, R.; Hagan, M. F.; Chakraborty, A. K.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98: 1560-1564. 02/13/2001 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Origin$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {733,\n\ttitle = {Origin of nanomechanical cantilever motion generated from biomolecular interactions},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},\n\tvolume = {98},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tmonth = {02/13/2001},\n\tpages = {1560-1564},\n\tabstract = {Generation of nanomechanical cantilever motion from biomolecular interactions can have wide applications, ranging from high-throughput biomolecular detection to bioactuation. Although it has been suggested that such motion is caused by changes in surface stress of a cantilever beam, the origin of the surface-stress change has so far not been elucidated. By using DNA hybridization experiments, we show that the origin of motion lies in the interplay between changes in configurational entropy and intermolecular energetics induced by specific biomolecular interactions. By controlling entropy change during DNA hybridization, the direction of cantilever motion can be manipulated. These thermodynamic principles were also used to explain the origin of motion generated from protein{\\textendash}ligand binding.},\n\tisbn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490},\n\turl = {http://www.pnas.org/content/98/4/1560},\n\tauthor = {Wu, Guanghua and Ji, Haifeng and Hansen, Karolyn and Thundat, Thomas and Datar, Ram and Cote, Richard and Hagan, Michael F. and Chakraborty, Arup K. and Majumdar, Arunava}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cantilever-Based Optical Deflection Assay for Discrimination of DNA Single-Nucleotide Mismatches.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hansen, K. M.; Ji, H.; Wu, G.; Datar, R.; Cote, R.; Majumdar, A.; and Thundat, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Analytical Chemistry, 73: 1567-1571. April 1, 2001 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Cantilever-Based$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {735,\n\ttitle = {Cantilever-Based Optical Deflection Assay for Discrimination of DNA Single-Nucleotide Mismatches},\n\tjournal = {Analytical Chemistry},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tmonth = {April 1, 2001},\n\tpages = {1567-1571},\n\tabstract = {Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms is a major focus of current genomics research. We demonstrate the discrimination of DNA mismatches using an elegantly simple microcantilever-based optical deflection assay, without the need for external labeling. Gold-coated silicon AFM cantilevers were functionalized with thiolated 20- or 25-mer probe DNA oligonucleotides and exposed to target oligonucleotides of varying sequence in static and flow conditions. Hybridization of 10-mer complementary target oligonucleotides resulted in net positive deflection, while hybridization with targets containing one or two internal mismatches resulted in net negative deflection. Mismatched targets produced a stable and measurable signal when only a four-base pair stretch was complementary to the probe sequence. This technique is readily adaptable to a high-throughput array format and provides a distinct positive/negative signal for easy interpretation of oligonucleotide hybridization.},\n\tisbn = {0003-2700},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0012748},\n\tauthor = {Hansen, Karolyn M. and Ji, Hai-Feng and Wu, Guanghua and Datar, Ram and Cote, Richard and Majumdar, Arunava and Thundat, Thomas}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Design and batch fabrication of probes for sub-100 nm scanning thermal microscopy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shi, L.; Kwon, O.; Miner, C.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 10: 370-378. September 2001 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {737,\n\ttitle = {Design and batch fabrication of probes for sub-100 nm scanning thermal microscopy},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tmonth = {September 2001},\n\tpages = {370-378},\n\tabstract = {A batch fabrication process has been developed for making cantilever probes for scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) with spatial resolution in the sub-100 nm range. A heat transfer model was developed to optimize the thermal design of the probes. Low thermal conductivity silicon dioxide and silicon nitride were chosen for fabricating the probe tips and cantilevers, respectively, in order to minimize heat loss from the sample to the probe and to improve temperature measurement accuracy and spatial resolution. An etch process was developed for making silicon dioxide tips with tip radius as small as 20 nm. A thin film thermocouple junction was fabricated at the tip end with a junction height that could be controlled in the range of 100-600 nm. These thermal probes have been used extensively for thermal imaging of micro- and nano-electronic devices with a spatial resolution of 50 nm. This paper presents measurement results of the steady state and dynamic temperature responses of the thermal probes and examines the wear characteristics of the probes},\n\tkeywords = {20 to 600 nm, batch fabrication process, cantilever probes, Design optimization, dynamic temperature response, etch process, etching, Fabrication, Heat transfer, heat transfer model, integrated circuit measurement, low thermal conductivity silicon dioxide, low thermal conductivity silicon nitride, microelectronic devices, Microscopy, microsensors, nano-electronic devices, probe design, probe fabrication, probe wear characteristics, probes, scanning probe microscopy, scanning thermal microscopy, Si3N4, Si3N4 cantilevers, silicon compounds, SiO2, SiO2 probe tips, Spatial resolution, steady state temperature response, sub-100 nm spatial resolution, temperature distribution, Temperature measurement, temperature measurement accuracy, thermal analysis, Thermal conductivity, thermal design optimisation, thermal imaging, thermal probes, Thermocouples, thin film thermocouple junction, wear},\n\tisbn = {1057-7157},\n\tauthor = {Shi, Li and Kwon, Ohmyoung and Miner, C.C. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n SiGeC/Si superlattice microcoolers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fan, X.; Zeng, G.; LaBounty, C.; Bowers, J. E.; Croke, E.; Ahn, C. C.; Huxtable, S.; Majumdar, A.; and Shakouri, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 78: 1580-1582. 2001/03/12 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"SiGeC/Si$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {739,\n\ttitle = {SiGeC/Si superlattice microcoolers},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {78},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tmonth = {2001/03/12},\n\tpages = {1580-1582},\n\tabstract = {Monolithically integrated active cooling is an attractive way for thermal management and temperature stabilization of microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. SiGeC can be lattice matched to Si and is a promising material for integrated coolers. SiGeC/Si superlattice structures were grown on Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy.Thermal conductivity was measured by the 3ω method. SiGeC/Si superlattice microcoolers with dimensions as small as 40{\\texttimes}40 μm 2 were fabricated and characterized. Cooling by as much as 2.8 and 6.9 K was measured at 25 {\\textdegree}C and 100 {\\textdegree}C, respectively, corresponding to maximum spot cooling power densities on the order of 1000 W/cm 2 .},\n\tkeywords = {Epitaxy, Microelectronics, Molecular beam epitaxy, Optoelectronic devices, Superlattices},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/78/11/10.1063/1.1356455},\n\tauthor = {Fan, Xiaofeng and Zeng, Gehong and LaBounty, Chris and Bowers, John E. and Croke, Edward and Ahn, Channing C. and Huxtable, Scott and Majumdar, Arun and Shakouri, Ali}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bioassay of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using microcantilevers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wu, G.; Datar, R. H.; Hansen, K. M.; Thundat, T.; Cote, R. J.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature Biotechnology, 19: 856-860. September 2001 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Bioassay$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {741,\n\ttitle = {Bioassay of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using microcantilevers},\n\tjournal = {Nature Biotechnology},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tmonth = {September 2001},\n\tpages = {856-860},\n\tabstract = {Diagnosis and monitoring of complex diseases such as cancer require quantitative detection of multiple proteins. Recent work has shown that when specific biomolecular binding occurs on one surface of a microcantilever beam, intermolecular nanomechanics bend the cantilever, which can be optically detected. Although this label-free technique readily lends itself to formation of microcantilever arrays, what has remained unclear is the technologically critical issue of whether it is sufficiently specific and sensitive to detect disease-related proteins at clinically relevant conditions and concentrations. As an example, we report here that microcantilevers of different geometries have been used to detect two forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) over a wide range of concentrations from 0.2 ng/ml to 60 g/ml in a background of human serum albumin (HSA) and human plasminogen (HP) at 1 mg/ml, making this a clinically relevant diagnostic technique for prostate cancer. Because cantilever motion originates from the free-energy change induced by specific biomolecular binding, this technique may offer a common platform for high-throughput label-free analysis of protein{\\textendash}protein binding, DNA hybridization, and DNA{\\textendash}protein interactions, as well as drug discovery.},\n\tisbn = {1087-0156},\n\turl = {http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v19/n9/full/nbt0901-856.html},\n\tauthor = {Wu, Guanghua and Datar, Ram H. and Hansen, Karolyn M. and Thundat, Thomas and Cote, Richard J. and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Monte Carlo Study of Phonon Transport in Solid Thin Films Including Dispersion and Polarization.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mazumder, S.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 123: 749-759. January 20, 2001 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Monte$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {743,\n\ttitle = {Monte Carlo Study of Phonon Transport in Solid Thin Films Including Dispersion and Polarization},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {123},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tmonth = {January 20, 2001},\n\tpages = {749-759},\n\tabstract = {The Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) for phonons best describes the heat flow in solid nonmetallic thin films. The BTE, in its most general form, however, is difficult to solve analytically or even numerically using deterministic approaches. Past research has enabled its solution by neglecting important effects such as dispersion and interactions between the longitudinal and transverse polarizations of phonon propagation. In this article, a comprehensive Monte Carlo solution technique of the BTE is presented. The method accounts for dual polarizations of phonon propagation, and non-linear dispersion relationships. Scattering by various mechanisms is treated individually. Transition between the two polarization branches, and creation and destruction of phonons due to scattering is taken into account. The code has been verified and evaluated by close examination of its ability or failure to capture various regimes of phonon transport ranging from diffusive to the ballistic limit. Validation results show close agreement with experimental data for silicon thin films with and without doping. Simulation results show that above 100 K, transverse acoustic phonons are the primary carriers of energy in silicon.},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1377018},\n\tauthor = {Mazumder, Sandip and Majumdar, Arunava}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kim, P.; Shi, L.; Majumdar, A.; and McEuen, P. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review Letters, 87: 215502. October 31, 2001 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {745,\n\ttitle = {Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review Letters},\n\tvolume = {87},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tmonth = {October 31, 2001},\n\tpages = {215502},\n\tabstract = {The thermal conductivity and thermoelectric power of a single carbon nanotube were measured using a microfabricated suspended device. The observed thermal conductivity is more than 3000 W/K m at room temperature, which is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the estimation from previous experiments that used macroscopic mat samples. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of nanotubes exhibits a peak at 320 K due to the onset of umklapp phonon scattering. The measured thermoelectric power shows linear temperature dependence with a value of 80μV/K at room temperature.},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.215502},\n\tauthor = {Kim, P. and Shi, L. and Majumdar, A. and McEuen, P. L.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Recent Developments in Micro and Nanoscale Thermometry.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shi, L.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 5: 251-265. October 1, 2001 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Recent$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {747,\n\ttitle = {Recent Developments in Micro and Nanoscale Thermometry},\n\tjournal = {Microscale Thermophysical Engineering},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tmonth = {October 1, 2001},\n\tpages = {251-265},\n\tabstract = {One of the key issues related to studies in microscale heat transfer is the ability to measure temperature at small scales. In the recent past, rapid and significant progress has enabled temperature measurements to be made with unprecedented high spatial and temporal resolutions. This has allowed heat transfer research to enter a new regime which was previously inaccessible. This article reviews recent developments and discusses future directions, indicating the variety of opportunities for research that are of scientific and technological importance.},\n\tisbn = {1089-3954},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10893950152646713},\n\tauthor = {Shi, Li and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Transport Mechanisms at Nanoscale Point Contacts.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shi, L.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 124: 329-337. July 27, 2001 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {751,\n\ttitle = {Thermal Transport Mechanisms at Nanoscale Point Contacts},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {124},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tmonth = {July 27, 2001},\n\tpages = {329-337},\n\tabstract = {We have experimentally investigated the heat transfer mechanisms at a 90{\\textpm}10 nm diameter point contact between a sample and a probe tip of a scanning thermal microscope (SThM). For large heated regions on the sample, air conduction is the dominant tip-sample heat transfer mechanism. For micro/nano devices with a submicron localized heated region, the air conduction contribution decreases, whereas conduction through the solid-solid contact and a liquid meniscus bridging the tip-sample junction become important, resulting in the sub-100 nm spatial resolution found in the SThM images. Using a one dimensional heat transfer model, we extracted from experimental data a liquid film thermal conductance of 6.7{\\textpm}1.5 nW/K. Solid-solid conduction increased linearly as contact force increased, with a contact conductance of 0.76{\\textpm}0.38 W/m2-K-Pa, and saturated for contact forces larger than 38{\\textpm}11 nN. This is most likely due to the elastic-plastic contact between the sample and an asperity at the tip end.},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1447939},\n\tauthor = {Shi, Li and Majumdar, Arunava}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermometry and Thermal Transport in Micro/Nanoscale Solid-State Devices and Structures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cahill, D. G.; Goodson, K.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 124. December 2001 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermometry$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {753,\n\ttitle = {Thermometry and Thermal Transport in Micro/Nanoscale Solid-State Devices and Structures},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {124},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tmonth = {December 2001},\n\tchapter = {223-241},\n\tabstract = {<p>We review recent advances in experimental methods for high spatial-resolution and high time-resolution thermometry, and the application of these and related methods for measurements of thermal transport in low-dimensional structures. Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) achieves lateral resolutions of 50 nm and a measurement bandwidth of 100 kHz; SThM has been used to characterize differences in energy dissipation in single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Picosecond thermoreflectance enables ultrahigh time-resolution in thermal diffusion experiments and characterization of heat flow across interfaces between materials; the thermal conductance G of interfaces between dissimilar materials spans a relatively small range, 20\\&lt;G\\&lt;200\\&thinsp;MW\\&thinsp;m\\&minus;2\\&thinsp;K\\&minus;1 near room temperature. Scanning thermoreflectance microscopy provides nanosecond time resolution and submicron lateral resolution needed for studies of heat transfer in microelectronic, optoelectronic and micromechanical systems. A fully-micromachined solid immersion lens has been demonstrated and achieves thermal-radiation imaging with lateral resolution at far below the diffraction limit, \\&lt;2 μm. Microfabricated metal bridges using electrical resistance thermometry and joule heating give precise data for thermal conductivity of single crystal films, multilayer thin films, epitaxial superlattices, polycrystalline films, and interlayer dielectrics. The room temperature thermal conductivity of single crystal films of Si is strongly reduced for layer thickness below 100 nm. The through-thickness thermal conductivity of Si-Ge and GaAs-AlAs superlattices has recently been shown to be smaller than the conductivity of the corresponding alloy. The 3ω method has been recently extended to measurements of anisotropic conduction in polyimide and superlattices. Data for carbon nanotubes measured using micromachined and suspended heaters and thermometers indicate a conductivity near room temperature greater than diamond.</p>\r\n},\n\tissn = {0022-1481},\n\tdoi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1454111},\n\turl = {http://heattransfer.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=1445529},\n\tauthor = {Cahill, David G. and Goodson, Kenneth and Majumdar, Arunava}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Molecular Dynamic Simulations of Meniscus Formation Between Two Surfaces.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chen, Y.; Weng, J.; Lukes, J.; Majumdar, A.; and Tien, C. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 79. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {873,\n\ttitle = {Molecular Dynamic Simulations of Meniscus Formation Between Two Surfaces},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {79},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tchapter = {1267-1269},\n\tauthor = {Y. Chen and J.-G. Weng and J. Lukes and A. Majumdar and C. L. Tien}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Programmable separation of biomolecules using ratcheting electrophoresis microchip.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ohara, T.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Thermal Science & Engineering, 3. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {875,\n\ttitle = {Programmable separation of biomolecules using ratcheting electrophoresis microchip},\n\tjournal = {Thermal Science \\& Engineering},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tchapter = {37-47},\n\tauthor = {T. Ohara and A. Majumdar}\n}\n

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\n \n 2000\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal characteristics of submicron vias studied by scanning Joule expansion microscopy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Igeta, M.; Banerjee, K.; Wu, G.; Hu, C.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n IEEE Electron Device Letters, 21: 224-226. May 2000 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {857,\n\ttitle = {Thermal characteristics of submicron vias studied by scanning Joule expansion microscopy},\n\tjournal = {IEEE Electron Device Letters},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tmonth = {May 2000},\n\tpages = {224-226},\n\tabstract = {Thermal characteristics of submicron vias strongly impact reliability of multilevel VLSI interconnects. The magnitude and spatial distribution of the temperature rise around a via are important to accurately estimate interconnect lifetime under electromigration (EM), which is temperature dependent. Localized temperature rise can cause stress gradients inside the via structures and can also lead to thermal failures under high current stress conditions, such as electrostatic discharge (ESD) events. This letter reports the first use of a novel thermometry technique, scanning Joule expansion microscopy, to study the steady state and dynamic thermal behavior of small geometry vias under sinusoidal and pulsed current stress. Measurement of the spatial distribution of temperature rise around a submicron via is reported with sub-0.1 μm resolution, along with other thermal characteristics including the thermal time constant.},\n\tkeywords = {AFM, atomic force microscopy, CMOS integrated circuits, CMOS process flow, dynamic thermal behavior, electromigration, Electrostatic discharge, electrostatic discharge events, high current stress conditions, Integrated circuit interconnections, integrated circuit reliability, interconnect lifetime, Life estimation, Lifetime estimation, localized temperature rise, Microscopy, multilevel VLSI interconnect reliability, scanning Joule expansion microscopy, sinusoidal pulsed current stress, small geometry vias, spatial distribution, steady state thermal behavior, Steady-state, stress gradients, submicron vias, Temperature dependence, temperature distribution, Temperature measurement, temperature rise, thermal characteristics, thermal failures, thermal stresses, thermal time constant, thermometry technique, Very large scale integration, VLSI, W-plug vias},\n\tisbn = {0741-3106},\n\tauthor = {Igeta, M. and Banerjee, K. and Wu, Guanghua and Hu, Chenming and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Conductance of Delamination Cracks in a Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Composite.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n McDonald, K. R.; Dryden, J. R.; Majumdar, A.; and Zok, F. W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 83: 553-562. March 1, 2000 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {859,\n\ttitle = {Thermal Conductance of Delamination Cracks in a Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Composite},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the American Ceramic Society},\n\tvolume = {83},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tmonth = {March 1, 2000},\n\tpages = {553-562},\n\tabstract = {The thermal conductance of delamination cracks in a unidirectionally reinforced ceramic composite is investigated. A phase-sensitive photothermal technique is used to measure the crack conductance in situ under load. Special emphasis is given to the effects of the local crack opening displacement (δ). A crack conductance model that considers the contributions from both the air and the fibers within the crack is developed and compared with the measurements. Despite considerable scatter in the experimental data, the model adequately predicts the increased conductance that is associated with fiber bridging, as well as the overall trend that is observed with δ.},\n\tkeywords = {composites, cracks/cracking, Thermal properties},\n\tisbn = {1551-2916},\n\turl = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01233.x/abstract},\n\tauthor = {McDonald, Kathleen R. and Dryden, John R. and Majumdar, Arun and Zok, Frank W.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Conductivity of Indium Phosphide-Based Superlattices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Huxtable, S. T.; Majumdar, A.; Shakouri, A.; Labounty, C.; Fan, X.; Abraham, P.; Chiu, Y. J.; and Bowers, J. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 4: 197-203. July 1, 2000 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {863,\n\ttitle = {Thermal Conductivity of Indium Phosphide-Based Superlattices},\n\tjournal = {Microscale Thermophysical Engineering},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tmonth = {July 1, 2000},\n\tpages = {197-203},\n\tabstract = {<p>Semiconductor superlattice structures have shown promise as thermoelectric materials for their high power factor and low thermal conductivity. While the power factor of a superlattice can be controlled through band gap engineering and doping, prediction and control of thermal conductivity has remained a challenge. The thermal conductivity of three different InP/InGaAs superlattices was measured to be between 4 and 9 W/m-K from 77-320 K using the 3! method. Although the thermal conductivity of InP is an order of magnitude higher than that of InGaAs, we report the intriguing observation that as the fraction of InP is increased in InP/InGaAs superlattices, the thermal conductivity decreases. For one superlattice, the thermal conductivity was even below that of InGaAs. These observations are contrary to predictions of effective thermal conductivity by the Fourier law.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1089-3954},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10893950050148151},\n\tauthor = {S. T. Huxtable and A. Majumdar and A. Shakouri and C. Labounty and X. Fan and P. Abraham and Y. J. Chiu and J. E. Bowers}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scanning thermal microscopy of carbon nanotubes using batch-fabricated probes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shi, L.; Plyasunov, S.; Bachtold, A.; McEuen, P. L.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 77: 4295-4297. 2000/12/25 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Scanning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {865,\n\ttitle = {Scanning thermal microscopy of carbon nanotubes using batch-fabricated probes},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tmonth = {2000/12/25},\n\tpages = {4295-4297},\n\tabstract = {We have designed and batch-fabricated thin-film thermocouple cantilever probes for scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). Here, we report the use of these probes for imaging the phonon temperature distribution of electrically heated carbon-nanotube (CN) circuits. The SThM images reveal possible heat dissipation mechanisms in CN circuits. The experiments also demonstrate that heat flow through the tip-sample nanoscale junction under ambient conditions is dominated by conduction through a liquid film bridging the two surfaces. With the spatial resolution limited by tip radius to about 50 nm, SThM now offers the promising prospects of studying electron-phonon interactions and phonon transport in low dimensional nanostructures.},\n\tkeywords = {Carbon nanotubes, Flow visualization, Heat conduction, Phonons, Scanning microscopy},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/77/26/10.1063/1.1334658},\n\tauthor = {Shi, Li and Plyasunov, Sergei and Bachtold, Adrian and McEuen, Paul L. and Majumdar, Arunava}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical sensing in Fourier space.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thundat, T.; Finot, E.; Hu, Z.; Ritchie, R. H.; Wu, G.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 77: 4061-4063. 2000/12/11 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Chemical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {867,\n\ttitle = {Chemical sensing in Fourier space},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tmonth = {2000/12/11},\n\tpages = {4061-4063},\n\tabstract = {Chemical sensing using optical diffraction from an array of microcantilevers is demonstrated. Properly fashioned arrays of micromachined silicon-nitride cantilevers containing embedded deformable diffraction gratings are functionalized with chemically selective coatings.Adsorption of specific molecules on the cantilever leads to bending, which changes the diffraction pattern of a laser beam reflecting off the array. Quantitative chemical information can be obtained by monitoring the displacement of diffraction peaks as a function of analyte exposure.},\n\tkeywords = {Adsorption, Diffraction gratings, Laser beams, Optical coatings, Optical diffraction},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/77/24/10.1063/1.1332402},\n\tauthor = {Thundat, T. and Finot, E. and Hu, Z. and Ritchie, R. H. and Wu, G. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n 1999\n \n \n (14)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Electron-Hole Pair Creation at Ag and Cu Surfaces by Adsorption of Atomic Hydrogen and Deuterium.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nienhaus, H.; Bergh, H. S.; Gergen, B.; Majumdar, A.; Weinberg, W. H.; and McFarland, E. W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physical Review Letters, 82: 446-449. January 11, 1999 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Electron-Hole$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {833,\n\ttitle = {Electron-Hole Pair Creation at Ag and Cu Surfaces by Adsorption of Atomic Hydrogen and Deuterium},\n\tjournal = {Physical Review Letters},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {January 11, 1999},\n\tpages = {446-449},\n\tabstract = {Hot electrons and holes created at Ag and Cu surfaces by adsorption of thermal hydrogen and deuterium atoms have been measured directly with ultrathin metal film Schottky diode detectors on Si(111). When the metal surface is exposed to these atoms, charge carriers are excited at the surface, travel ballistically toward the interface, and have been detected as a chemicurrent in the diode. The current decreases with increasing exposure and eventually reaches a constant value at the steady-state coverage. This is the first direct evidence of nonadiabatic energy dissipation during adsorption at transition metal surfaces.},\n\turl = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.446},\n\tauthor = {Nienhaus, H. and Bergh, H. S. and Gergen, B. and Majumdar, A. and Weinberg, W. H. and McFarland, E. W.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An ultrahigh vacuum system for the fabrication and characterization of ultrathin metal–semiconductor films and sensors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bergh, H. S.; Gergen, B.; Nienhaus, H.; Majumdar, A.; Weinberg, W. H.; and McFarland, E. W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Review of Scientific Instruments, 70: 2087-2094. 1999/04/01 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"An$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {835,\n\ttitle = {An ultrahigh vacuum system for the fabrication and characterization of ultrathin metal{\\textendash}semiconductor films and sensors},\n\tjournal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {1999/04/01},\n\tpages = {2087-2094},\n\tabstract = {An ultrahigh vacuum system has been designed and built to study the magnetic and electrical behavior of ultrathin metal filmsdeposited on semiconductors. The system allows variable temperature metal film deposition by electron beam evaporation onto an electrically active, low noise device structure. Significant features include, the use of microfabricated substrates to create reliable zero-force electrical contacts to ultrathin metal{\\textendash}semiconductor devices, a dark atomic beam source, and a compact magneto-optic Kerr effect(MOKE) magnetometer with an external electromagnet. A temperature controlled rotating sample manipulator allows the active metal surface to be deposited in one position and subsequently rotated between the poles of the electromagnet for simultaneous MOKE and electrical measurements while the surface undergoes controlled dosing from a molecular or atomic beam. Low-energy electron diffraction is available for sample characterization and a quadrupole mass spectrometer is used to monitor the beam. Results of iron on Si(111) show magnetic coercivity increasing approximately linearly with increasing film thickness to 6.4 kA/m at 100 {\\r A}. Current{\\textendash}voltage measurements of 50 {\\r A} iron and copper on Si(111) when fit to a thermionic emission model showed, respectively, ideality factors of approximately 4 and 1, and barrier heights of 0.45 and 0.65 eV after deposition at 160 K and annealing to room temperature. The use of the thin Cu film Schottky diode for atomic hydrogen detection is demonstrated.},\n\tkeywords = {Atomic and molecular beams, Magnetic films, Magnetooptic Kerr effect, Metallic thin films, Thin films},\n\tisbn = {0034-6748, 1089-7623},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/rsi/70/4/10.1063/1.1149718},\n\tauthor = {Bergh, Howard S. and Gergen, Brian and Nienhaus, Hermann and Majumdar, Arun and Weinberg, W. Henry and McFarland, Eric W.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Photon shield for atomic hydrogen plasma sources.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nienhaus, H.; Gergen, B.; Bergh, H. S.; Majumdar, A.; Weinberg, W. H.; and McFarland, E. W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, 17: 670-672. 1999/03/01 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Photon$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {837,\n\ttitle = {Photon shield for atomic hydrogen plasma sources},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Vacuum Science \\& Technology A},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {1999/03/01},\n\tpages = {670-672},\n\tabstract = {Atomic hydrogen sources are usually strong photon emitters. To produce an atomic hydrogen beam and suppress the undesired photon flux, a small but effective light blocking device has been developed which fits into the quartz tube of a hydrogen plasma source. The device is made of stainless steel and uses angled passages and offset throughholes to absorb plasma generated photons while permitting hydrogen atoms and molecules to pass. The photon flux was reduced by a factor of at least 10 4 , whereas an attenuation of the H atom flux was not observed. By measuring the average velocity of the H atoms passing through the light blocker it has been shown that this device in the microwaveplasma tube produces a room temperature thermalized atomic hydrogen beam.},\n\tkeywords = {Atomic and molecular beams, Photons, Plasma sources, Plasma temperature, Velocity measurement},\n\tisbn = {0734-2101, 1520-8559},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvsta/17/2/10.1116/1.581635},\n\tauthor = {Nienhaus, H. and Gergen, B. and Bergh, H. S. and Majumdar, A. and Weinberg, W. H. and McFarland, E. W.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrathin Cu films on Si(111): Schottky barrier formation and sensor applications.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nienhaus, H.; Bergh, H. S.; Gergen, B.; Majumdar, A.; Weinberg, W. H.; and McFarland, E. W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, 17: 1683-1687. 1999/07/01 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ultrathin$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {839,\n\ttitle = {Ultrathin Cu films on Si(111): Schottky barrier formation and sensor applications},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Vacuum Science \\& Technology A},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {1999/07/01},\n\tpages = {1683-1687},\n\tabstract = {Ultrathin Cufilms were evaporated on Si(111) surfaces at substrate temperatures of 175 K. By use of a microfabricated device structure, zero-force electrical contacts were formed on the thin Cu layers during evaporation. They allowed current/voltage measurements of diodes with Cufilms between 40 and 60 {\\r A} . Although the rectifier properties are improved with increasing thickness, the 60 {\\r A} diode still exhibits a large inhomogeneous interface with a low barrier height of 0.47 eV and an ideality factor of 2.1. Annealing the diode to room temperature leads to significant changes in the barrier height which increases to 0.65 eV and the ideality factor which decreases to unity, suggesting a modification of the interface. The annealed thin-metal diodes may be used as atomic hydrogen sensors. A chemicurrent is observed in the diode when exposed to H atoms. The current is based on a nonadiabatic electron{\\textendash}hole pair creation which occurs during exothermic adsorption of hydrogen on Cusurfaces.},\n\tkeywords = {Annealing, Copper, Thin film devices, Thin film structure, Thin films},\n\tisbn = {0734-2101, 1520-8559},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvsta/17/4/10.1116/1.581872},\n\tauthor = {Nienhaus, H. and Bergh, H. S. and Gergen, B. and Majumdar, A. and Weinberg, W. H. and McFarland, E. W.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Optical Measurement of Thermal Contact Conductance Between Wafer-Like Thin Solid Samples.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ohsone, Y.; Wu, G.; Dryden, J.; Zok, F.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 121: 954-963. November 1, 1999 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Optical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {841,\n\ttitle = {Optical Measurement of Thermal Contact Conductance Between Wafer-Like Thin Solid Samples},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {121},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {November 1, 1999},\n\tpages = {954-963},\n\tabstract = {This paper presents a noncontact optical technique for measuring the thermal contact conductance between wafer-like thin solid samples. The technique is based on heating one solid surface by a modulated laser beam and monitoring the corresponding temperature modulation of the other solid surface across the interface using the reflectance of a probe laser beam. The phase lag between the two laser signals is independent of the optical properties of the samples as well as the laser intensities, and can be related to the thermal contact conductance. A detailed theoretical analysis is presented to estimate the thermal contact conductance as well as the thermophysical properties of the solids from the phase lag measured as a function of the modulation frequency. Closed-form solutions in the high-frequency limit are derived in order to provide a simple estimation procedure. The effect of misalignment of the two lasers is studied and the conditions for robust measurements are suggested. As a benchmark for this technique, the thermal conductivity of a single crystal silicon sample was measured to within two percent of reported values. The thermal contact conductance was measured for Al-Si samples, each about 0.22 mm thick, in the pressure range of 0.8{\\textendash}10 MPa. In contrast to traditional contact conductance measurement techniques that require steady-state operation and insertion of thermocouples in thick solid samples, the noncontact dynamic optical technique requires much less time and is particularly well suited for electronic packaging materials that are typically in the thickness range of 0.1{\\textendash}5 mm. In addition, localized conductance measurements are now possible with a spatial resolution of about four times the thickness of the solid and can be used to detect interfacial voids and defects.},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826086},\n\tauthor = {Ohsone, Y. and Wu, G. and Dryden, J. and Zok, F. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Infrared vision using uncooled micro-optomechanical camera.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Perazzo, T.; Mao, M.; Kwon, O.; Majumdar, A.; Varesi, J. B.; and Norton, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 74: 3567-3569. 1999/06/07 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Infrared$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {843,\n\ttitle = {Infrared vision using uncooled micro-optomechanical camera},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {1999/06/07},\n\tpages = {3567-3569},\n\tabstract = {This letter presents the design, fabrication, and imaging results of an uncooled infrared (IR) camera that contains a focal plane array of bimaterial microcantilever sensors, and an optical readout technique that measures cantilever deflections in the nanometer range to directly project a visible image of the IR scene on the human eye or a visible camera. The results suggest that objects at temperatures as low as 100 {\\textdegree} C can be imaged with the best noise-equivalent temperature difference (NEΔT) in the range of 10 K. It is estimated that further improvements that are currently being pursued can improve NEΔT to about 50 mK.},\n\tkeywords = {Cameras, Focal points, Image sensors, Infrared detectors, Uncooled infrared detectors and arrays},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/74/23/10.1063/1.124163},\n\tauthor = {Perazzo, T. and Mao, M. and Kwon, O. and Majumdar, A. and Varesi, J. B. and Norton, P.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Instability of Ultra-Thin Water Films and the Mechanism of Droplet Formation on Hydrophilic Surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; and Mezic, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 121: 964-971. November 1, 1999 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Instability$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {845,\n\ttitle = {Instability of Ultra-Thin Water Films and the Mechanism of Droplet Formation on Hydrophilic Surfaces},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {121},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {November 1, 1999},\n\tpages = {964-971},\n\tabstract = {This paper presents a new theory of droplet formation during condensation of water on a hydrophilic surface. The theory uses hydration, electrostatic, van der Waals, and elastic strain interactions between a hydrophilic solid surface and a water film, and shows that contributions to the disjoining pressure are dominated by hydration forces for films thinner than 3 nm. The equilibrium film thickness is found to remain almost constant at about 0.5 nm for a wide range of relative humidity, although it increases sharply as the relative humidity approaches unity. The competition between strain energy on one hand, and hydration, van der Waals, and liquid-vapor surface tension on the other, induces instability for films thicker than a critical value. The critical wavelength of instability, Lcr is also predicted as a function of film thickness. The theory proposes that as the relative humidity increases, nucleation initially occurs in monolayer fashion due to strong hydration forces. Using nucleation thermodynamics it predicts a critical nucleus size, d* , and internuclei spacing, I, as a function of subcooling, ΔT, of the solid surface and shows that both length scales decrease with increasing subcooling. Since these monolayer nuclei are formed on the adsorbed water film, it is shown that when the internuclei spacing is larger than the critical wavelength, l > Lcr instability occurs in the film resulting in droplet formation. The theory predicts that beyond a certain value of subcooling, the interdroplet spacing is {\\textquotedblleft}choked{\\textquotedblright} and cannot decrease further.},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826087},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Mezic, I.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Molecular-Level Imaging of Ice Crystal Structure and Dynamics by Atomic Force Microscopy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n K. Ogawa, A. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 3: 101-110. May 1, 1999 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Molecular-Level$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {847,\n\ttitle = {Molecular-Level Imaging of Ice Crystal Structure and Dynamics by Atomic Force Microscopy},\n\tjournal = {Microscale Thermophysical Engineering},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {May 1, 1999},\n\tpages = {101-110},\n\tabstract = {The atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to obtain molecular-level images of the structure and dynamics of ice crystals formed from vapor phase on a mica surface. The images show epitaxial growth of ice to form monolayers. Under contact force from the AFM tip, motion of these monolayers was observed. One of the interesting observations made in this study is that the adsorbed water layer freezes to form a polycrystalline structure consisting of a single monolayer. Detailed imaging of the grain boundaries shows highly disordered percolation structure with short-range alignment along crystallographic directions. It is proposed that the percolation grain boundaries are formed because of phase segregation during freezing of an ionic solution in the water monolayers.},\n\tisbn = {1089-3954},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/108939599199783},\n\tauthor = {K. Ogawa, A. Majumdar}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Application of Fourier Optics for Detecting Deflections of Infrared-Sensing Microcantilever Arrays.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zhao, Y.; Majumdar, A.; and Mao, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 3: 245-251. November 1, 1999 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Application$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {849,\n\ttitle = {Application of Fourier Optics for Detecting Deflections of Infrared-Sensing Microcantilever Arrays},\n\tjournal = {Microscale Thermophysical Engineering},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {November 1, 1999},\n\tpages = {245-251},\n\tabstract = {<p>This article presents the theory and experimental results of an optical imaging technique that simultaneously measures the deflections of a focal plane array of bimaterial microcantilevers that are used as thermomechanical infrared sensors. Based on Fourier optics, this technique is used for infrared vision of room-temperature objects with a noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD) in the range of 2-5 K. Efforts are currently underway to improve the NETD to the range of 30-50 mK.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {1089-3954},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/108939599199666},\n\tauthor = {Y. Zhao and A. Majumdar and M. Mao}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Selective H atom sensors using ultrathin Ag/Si Schottky diodes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nienhaus, H.; Bergh, H. S.; Gergen, B.; Majumdar, A.; Weinberg, W. H.; and McFarland, E. W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied physics letters, 74: 4046. 1999 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Selective$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {851,\n\ttitle = {Selective H atom sensors using ultrathin Ag/Si Schottky diodes},\n\tjournal = {Applied physics letters},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {1999},\n\tpages = {4046},\n\turl = {http://fkpme246a.uni-duisburg.de/ag_lorke/publications/nienhaus/article-Nienhaus-id124.pdf},\n\tauthor = {Nienhaus, Hermann and Bergh, Howard S. and Gergen, Brian and Majumdar, Arun and Weinberg, W. Henry and McFarland, Eric W.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scanning Thermal Microscopy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annual Review of Materials Science, 29: 505-585. 1999 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Scanning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {853,\n\ttitle = {Scanning Thermal Microscopy},\n\tjournal = {Annual Review of Materials Science},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {1999},\n\tpages = {505-585},\n\tabstract = {This chapter presents a review of the technology of scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) and its applications in thermally probing micro- and nanostructured materials and devices. We begin by identifying the parameters that control the temporal and temperature resolution in thermometry. The discussion of SThM research is divided into three main categories: those that use (a) thermovoltage-based measurements, (b) electrical resistance techniques, and (c) thermal expansion measurements. Within each category we describe numerous techniques developed for (a) the method of probe fabrication, (b) the experimental setup used for SThM, (c) the applications of that technique, and (d) the measurement characteristics such as tip-sample heat transfer mechanism, spatiotemporal resolution, and interpretation of data for property measurements. Because most of the SThM techniques require fundamental knowledge of tip-sample heat transfer, all possible heat transfer mechanisms are discussed in depth, and relations for estimating the tip-sample conductance for each mechanism are provided. This is critical because tip-sample heat transfer controls spatial resolution, temperature accuracy and resolution, and imaging artifacts. Based on this discussion, a simple model is given for future design of SThM probes. The review concludes by describing some new developments on the applications of near-field optical microscopy for temperature measurements.},\n\tkeywords = {materials and device characterization, submicrometer scales, Temperature measurement},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.29.1.505},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Expansion and Temperature Measurement in a Microscopic Scale by Using the Atomic Force Microscope.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Igeta, M.; Inoue, T.; Varesi, J.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JSME International Journal Series B, 42: 723-730. 1999 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {855,\n\ttitle = {Thermal Expansion and Temperature Measurement in a Microscopic Scale by Using the Atomic Force Microscope},\n\tjournal = {JSME International Journal Series B},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {1999},\n\tpages = {723-730},\n\tabstract = {An experimental study on microscopic scale measurements of thermal expansion and temperature by using the Scanning Joule Expansion Microscope (SJEM) based on the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was conducted. While the AFM is scanning on the sample heated by AC current, topographical and thermal expansion images are measured simultaneously by detecting DC and AC motions of the cantilever. In order to apply this technique to the temperature measurement in microscopic scale, the sample was covered with a thin film of polymer (PMMA) which has a high thermal expansion coefficient compared with metals and dielectric materials. Merits of this technique are (1) quite simplicity of measurement because of using the commercial cantilever instead of complicated thermal cantilever for the typical Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) and (2) a higher spatial resolution of 20 nm which is restricted by the point contact scale between the cantilever and the sample.},\n\tkeywords = {AFM, Heat transfer, Measurement, Microscopic Scale Temperature Measurement, Point Contact, SJEM, SThM, Thermal Expansion Coefficient, Thermophysical Property},\n\tauthor = {Igeta, Masanobu and Inoue, Takayoshi and Varesi, John and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Photothermal Technique for the Determination of the Thermal Conductance of Interfaces and Cracks.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n McDonald, K. R.; Dryden, J. R.; Majumdar, A.; and Zok, F. W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 122: 10-14. October 13, 1999 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {861,\n\ttitle = {A Photothermal Technique for the Determination of the Thermal Conductance of Interfaces and Cracks},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {122},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tmonth = {October 13, 1999},\n\tpages = {10-14},\n\tabstract = {The paper describes a phase-sensitive photothermal technique for the determination of the thermal conductance of an interface, a thin interlayer, or crack embedded within a plate. The technique involves sinusoidally modulated heating at one point on the surface using a focused laser beam and measurement of the phase shift of the thermal wave at some other point. The technique is demonstrated using a model system comprising two stainless steel disks, placed either in direct contact with each other or with thin polyethylene sheets between them. The use of the technique for determining the conductance of delamination cracks in fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite is also demonstrated. [S0022-1481(00)02801-2]},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.521430},\n\tauthor = {McDonald, K. R. and Dryden, J. R. and Majumdar, A. and Zok, F. W.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermo-electro-mechanical refrigeration using transient thermoelectric effects.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Miner, A.; Majumdar, A.; and Ghoshal, U.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 75. 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {877,\n\ttitle = {Thermo-electro-mechanical refrigeration using transient thermoelectric effects},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tchapter = {1176-1178},\n\tauthor = {A. Miner and A. Majumdar and U. Ghoshal}\n}\n

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\n \n 1998\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scanning Joule expansion microscopy at nanometer scales.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varesi, J.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 72: 37-39. 1998/01/05 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Scanning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {825,\n\ttitle = {Scanning Joule expansion microscopy at nanometer scales},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {72},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tmonth = {1998/01/05},\n\tpages = {37-39},\n\tabstract = {We report a new technique called scanning Joule expansion microscopy that can simultaneously image surface topography and material expansion due to Joule heating with vertical resolution in the 1 pm range and lateral resolution similar to that of an atomic force microscope. By coating the sample with a polymer film, we demonstrate that sample temperature distribution can be directly measured without the need of fabricating temperature-sensing scanning probes.},\n\tkeywords = {Atomic force microscopes, atomic force microscopy, Physics demonstrations, Polymer films, Scanning microscopy},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/72/1/10.1063/1.120638},\n\tauthor = {Varesi, J. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanoscale Temperature Distributions Measured by Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; and Varesi, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 120: 297-305. May 1, 1998 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nanoscale$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {827,\n\ttitle = {Nanoscale Temperature Distributions Measured by Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {120},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tmonth = {May 1, 1998},\n\tpages = {297-305},\n\tabstract = {This paper introduces scanning Joule expansion microscopy (SJEM), which is a new thermal imaging technique with lateral resolution in the range of 10{\\textendash}50 nm. Based on the atomic force microscope (AFM), SJEM measures the thermal expansion of Joule-heated elements with a vertical resolution of 1 pm, and provides an expansion map of the scanned sample. Sunmicron metal interconnect lines as well as 50-nm-sized single grains of an indium tin oxide resistor were images using SJEM. Since the local expansion signal is a convolution of local material properties, sample height, and as temperature rise, extraction of the thermal image requires deconvolution. This was experimentally achieved by coating the sample with a uniformly thick polymer film, resulting in direct measurement of the sample temperature distribution. A detailed thermal analysis of the metal wire and the substrate showed that the predicted temperature distribution was in good agreement with the measurements of the polymer-coated sample. However, the frequency response of the expansion signal agreed with theoretical predictions only below 30 KHZ, suggesting that contilever dynamics may play a significant role at higher frequencies. The major advantage of SJEM over previously developed submicron thermal imaging techniques is that it eliminates the need to nanofabricate specialized probes and requires only a standard AFM and simple electronics.},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824245},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Varesi, J.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal microscopy and heat generation in electronic devices1.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microelectronics Reliability, 38: 559-565. April 1998 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {829,\n\ttitle = {Thermal microscopy and heat generation in electronic devices1},\n\tjournal = {Microelectronics Reliability},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tmonth = {April 1998},\n\tpages = {559-565},\n\tabstract = {This paper reports our progress on the development of thermal microscopy for studying heat generation in electronic devices and interconnects. The resolution of the scanning thermal microscope has been improved from about 500 nm achieved by the first wire thermocouple probes to about 25 nm for the more recent thin-film thermocouple probes. These have been used to measure the temperature distribution and hot spots of single transistors, short circuits in transistors created by electrostatic discharge failures, as well as novel devices such as vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers and magnetoresistive reading heads. Recently, a new technique called scanning Joule expansion microscopy has been developed to measure the temperature distribution of electrically heated samples with about 10 nm spatial resolution. The advantage of this technique is that it does not require fabrication of temperature-sensing probes and can use commercially-available cantilever probes that are employed in atomic force microscopes.},\n\tisbn = {0026-2714},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026271497002072},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Stability Regimes of Thin Liquid Films.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mezic, A. M. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2: 203-213. August 1, 1998 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Stability$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {831,\n\ttitle = {Stability Regimes of Thin Liquid Films},\n\tjournal = {Microscale Thermophysical Engineering},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tmonth = {August 1, 1998},\n\tpages = {203-213},\n\tabstract = {The stability of thin liquid films on solid surfaces is fundamental to many phenomena such as dropwise and filmwise condensation, evaporation and boiling, as well as self-assembly of clusters and molecules. The free energy of a liquid film consists of a surface tension component as well as highly nonlinear volumetric intermolecular forces resulting from van der Waals, electrostatic, hydration, and elastic strain interactions. Athermodynamic stability analysis showed that surface tension always stabilizes a film, whereas van der Waals force with positive values of Hamaker constant (A 0) tends to destabilize. The competition between the electrostatic and surface tension stabilizing forces on one hand and van der Waals force (A 0) on the other leads to a wide variety of stability maps for different ion concentrations, which contain thickness ranges where the films are unconditionally stable. A case study of water films on glass surfaces was used to investigate the effects of short-range hydration and strain interactions as well as negative values of the Hamaker constant (A 0). The analysis showed that a water film on glass is unconditionally stable if its thickness is either less than 3 nm or more than 10 nm, and unstable in between. It is suggested that the instability at 3 nm ruptures the water film resulting in droplet formation, and is the key to dropwise condensation of water on glass. In addition, stable films thicker than 10 nm, which are formed by coalescing droplets, lead to filmwise condensation.},\n\tisbn = {1089-3954},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/108939598199973},\n\tauthor = {Mezic, A. Majumdar I.}\n}\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n \n 1997\n \n \n (6)\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Multi-mode noise analysis of cantilevers for scanning probe microscopy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Salapaka, M. V.; Bergh, H. S.; Lai, J.; Majumdar, A.; and McFarland, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Physics, 81: 2480-2487. 1997/03/15 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Multi-mode$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {815,\n\ttitle = {Multi-mode noise analysis of cantilevers for scanning probe microscopy},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {81},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tmonth = {1997/03/15},\n\tpages = {2480-2487},\n\tabstract = {A multi-mode analysis of micro-cantilever dynamics is presented. We derive the power spectral density of the cantilever displacement due to a thermal noise source and predict the cantilevers{\\textquoteright}s fundamental resonant frequency and higher harmonics. The first mode in the multi-mode model is equivalent to the traditional single-mode model. Experimental results obtained with a silicon nitride cantilever at 300 K are in excellent qualitative agreement with the multi-mode model. The multi-mode model may be used to obtain accurate values of the cantilever properties such as the elastic modulus,effective mass, thickness and moment of inertia.},\n\tkeywords = {Acoustic noise measurement, Dielectric nitrides, Effective mass, Elastic moduli, Elasticity},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/81/6/10.1063/1.363955},\n\tauthor = {Salapaka, M. V. and Bergh, H. S. and Lai, J. and Majumdar, A. and McFarland, E.}\n}\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sensor nanofabrication, performance, and conduction mechanisms in scanning thermal microscopy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Luo, K.; Shi, Z.; Varesi, J.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 15: 349-360. 1997/03/01 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Sensor$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {817,\n\ttitle = {Sensor nanofabrication, performance, and conduction mechanisms in scanning thermal microscopy},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Vacuum Science \\& Technology B},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tmonth = {1997/03/01},\n\tpages = {349-360},\n\tabstract = {A new nanofabrication procedure has been developed for making thermocouple probes for high-resolution scanning thermal microscopy. Thermocouple junctions were placed at the end of SiN x cantilever probe tips and were typically 100{\\textendash}500 nm in diameter. Cantilever bending due to thermal expansion mismatch was minimized for Au{\\textendash}Ni, Au{\\textendash}Pt, and Au{\\textendash}Pd thermocouples, by carefully choosing thermal probe materials, film thicknesses, and deposition conditions. A spatial resolution of 24 nm was demonstrated for thermal microscopy although the noise-equivalent limit of 10 nm was estimated from experimental data. Using thermo-power measurements, a simple model was developed to calculate the tip-sample thermal resistance. Model-based calculations, correlations between topographical and thermal features, as well as experiments in different gaseous and humidity environments indicate that the dominant tip-surface heat conduction is most likely through a liquid film bridging the tip and the sample surface, and not through the surrounding gas, solid-solid point contact, or near-field radiation. Dynamic measurements within a 100 kHz bandwidth showed a time constant of about 0.15{\\textpm}0.02 ms which was attributed to the thermal time constant of the whole cantilever. Calculations suggested the RC electrical time constant and the thermal time constant of the thermocouple junction to be on the order of 10 ns which, however, could not be experimentally probed.},\n\tkeywords = {Experiment design, Heat conduction, Nanofabrication, Scanning microscopy, Thermocouples},\n\tisbn = {2166-2746, 2166-2754},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/15/2/10.1116/1.589319},\n\tauthor = {Luo, K. and Shi, Z. and Varesi, J. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Optimization and performance of high-resolution micro-optomechanical thermal sensors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lai, J.; Perazzo, T.; Shi, Z.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 58: 113-119. February 28, 1997 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Optimization$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {819,\n\ttitle = {Optimization and performance of high-resolution micro-optomechanical thermal sensors},\n\tjournal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tmonth = {February 28, 1997},\n\tpages = {113-119},\n\tabstract = {The ability to detect optically the deflections of microfabricated bi-material cantilever beams with 3 pm resolution has allowed the measurement of temperature, optical power, and energy with 2 μK, 76 pW, and 15 fJ resolution, respectively. The thickness ratio of the two beam materials is optimized to produce 40\\% improvement over previous designs. The governing equations for the sensor performance have been developed and form the basis for designing better cantilever shape for further performance improvements. Efforts are underway to detect cantilever deflections with 100 fm resolution, so that the thermal performance can be improved by an order of magnitude. Such unprecedentedly high resolutions are opening up promising prospects for their use in infrared detection and in studying molecular-level adsorption and surface chemical reactions.},\n\tkeywords = {Bi-material microcantilevers, Design optimization, Thermal sensors},\n\tisbn = {0924-4247},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092442479601401X},\n\tauthor = {Lai, J. and Perazzo, T. and Shi, Z. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Photothermal measurements at picowatt resolution using uncooled micro-optomechanical sensors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varesi, J.; Lai, J.; Perazzo, T.; Shi, Z.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 71: 306-308. 1997/07/21 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Photothermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {821,\n\ttitle = {Photothermal measurements at picowatt resolution using uncooled micro-optomechanical sensors},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {71},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tmonth = {1997/07/21},\n\tpages = {306-308},\n\tabstract = {Deflections of bimaterial microcantilever beams were optically detected with 400 fm resolution at room temperature. This enabled photothermalradiation detection with resolutions of 40 pW for power and 10 fJ for energy. The resolution was improved by an order of magnitude by optimizing the thickness ratio of the two beam materials, as well as by modulating the incident radiation at sufficiently high frequency to be in the range of the thermal white noise limit of the cantilever vibrations. Radiative power was detected with a noise spectral density of and 250 pW/ Hz and detectivity, D * , of 4.6{\\texttimes}10 7 cm Hz / W .},\n\tkeywords = {Optical sensors, Particle beam detectors, Photothermal effects, Random noise, Structural beam vibrations},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/71/3/10.1063/1.120440},\n\tauthor = {Varesi, J. and Lai, J. and Perazzo, T. and Shi, Z. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scanning thermal microscopy of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Luo, K.; Herrick, R. W.; Majumdar, A.; and Petroff, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 71: 1604-1606. 1997/09/22 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Scanning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {823,\n\ttitle = {Scanning thermal microscopy of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {71},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tmonth = {1997/09/22},\n\tpages = {1604-1606},\n\tabstract = {A scanning thermal microscope was used to measure the temperature distribution inside a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. The peak temperature occurred at the intersection of the optical axis and the active quantum wells, and increased with input power at a rate of 0.74 {\\textdegree}C/mW. Comparison with model predictions showed that the n mirrors and the substrate produce higher heat generation rates, possibly due to Joule heating and/or the absorption of spontaneous emissions that are often neglected in models.},\n\tkeywords = {Heat generation, Mirrors, Quantum wells, Surface emitting lasers, Temperature measurement},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/71/12/10.1063/1.119991},\n\tauthor = {Luo, K. and Herrick, R. W. and Majumdar, A. and Petroff, P.}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Liquid-Mediated Scanning Thermal Microscopy of Magnetoresistive Reading Heads.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Luo, K.; Lederman, M.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 1. 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {879,\n\ttitle = {Liquid-Mediated Scanning Thermal Microscopy of Magnetoresistive Reading Heads},\n\tjournal = {Microscale Thermophysical Engineering},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tchapter = {333-345},\n\tauthor = {K. Luo and M. Lederman and A. Majumdar}\n}\n

\n

\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n \n 1996\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Fractal Model for the Rigid-Perfectly Plastic Contact of Rough Surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Warren, T. L.; Majumdar, A.; and Krajcinovic, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Mechanics, 63: 47-54. March 1, 1996 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {805,\n\ttitle = {A Fractal Model for the Rigid-Perfectly Plastic Contact of Rough Surfaces},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tmonth = {March 1, 1996},\n\tpages = {47-54},\n\tabstract = {In this study a continuous asymptotic model is developed to describe the rigid-perfectly plastic deformation of a single rough surface in contact with an ideally smooth and rigid counter-surface. The geometry of the rough surface is assumed to be fractal, and is modeled by an effective fractal surface compressed into the ideally smooth and rigid counter-surface. The rough self-affine fractal structure of the effective surface is approximated using a deterministic Cantor set representation. The proposed model admits an analytic solution incorporating volume conservation. Presented results illustrate the effects of volume conservation and initial surface roughness on the rigid-perfectly plastic deformation that occurs during contact processes. The results from this model are compared with existing experimental load displacement results for the deformation of a ground steel surface.},\n\tisbn = {0021-8936},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2787208},\n\tauthor = {Warren, T. L. and Majumdar, A. and Krajcinovic, D.}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Concurrent thermal and electrical modeling of sub-micrometer silicon devices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lai, J.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Physics, 79: 7353-7361. 1996/05/01 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Concurrent$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {809,\n\ttitle = {Concurrent thermal and electrical modeling of sub-micrometer silicon devices},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {79},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tmonth = {1996/05/01},\n\tpages = {7353-7361},\n\tabstract = {High electric fields, that are characteristic of sub-micron devices, produce highly energetic electrons, lack of equilibrium between electrons, optical phonons, and acoustic phonons, and high rates of heat generation. A simple coupled thermal and electrical model is developed for sub-micron silicon semiconductor devices consisting of the hydrodynamic equations for electron transport and energy conservation equations for different phonon modes. An electron Reynolds number is proposed and used to simplify the electron momentum equation. On a case study of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with 0.24 μm gate length, the calculated transconductance of 0.175 1/Ω m agreed well with measured value of 0.180 1/Ω m at 2 V drain voltage. The maximum electron temperature is found to occur under the drain side of the gate where the electric field is the highest. Comparison with experimental data shows the predictions of optical and acoustic phonon temperature distributions to have the correct trend and the observed asymmetric behavior. Increase in substrate boundary temperature by 100 {\\textdegree}C reduces the drain current by 17\\% and decreases the maximum electron temperature by 8\\%. The first effect increases device delay and the second effect decreases the possibility of device degradation by charge trapping in the gate oxide.},\n\tkeywords = {Acoustical effects, Electric fields, Electron optics, Phonons, Semiconductor device modeling},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/79/9/10.1063/1.361424},\n\tauthor = {Lai, Jie and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanofabrication of sensors on cantilever probe tips for scanning multiprobe microscopy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Luo, K.; Shi, Z.; Lai, J.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 68: 325-327. 1996/01/15 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nanofabrication$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {811,\n\ttitle = {Nanofabrication of sensors on cantilever probe tips for scanning multiprobe microscopy},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {68},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tmonth = {1996/01/15},\n\tpages = {325-327},\n\tabstract = {A simple method for nanofabricating sensors on cantilever probe tips, used in atomic force microscopy(AFM), is described. The method uses voltage pulses to evaporate and create a nanometer-scale hole at the very end of a metallized AFM cantilever probe tip. The hole in the metal film can be used as a mask for further device fabrication. We demonstrate this by fabricating a nanothermocouple junction on the probe tip. Thermal images of electrically heated patterned metal lines obtained by this probe suggest the spatial resolution to be about 10 nm. Fabrication of nanosensors on probe tips is likely to assist in the future development of scanning multiprobe microscopy.},\n\tkeywords = {atomic force microscopy, Evaporation, Metallic thin films, Nanofabrication, Scanning microscopy},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/68/3/10.1063/1.116074},\n\tauthor = {Luo, K. and Shi, Z. and Lai, J. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scanning Thermal Microscopy at Nanometer Scales: A New Frontier in Experimental Heat Transfer.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; Luo, K.; Shi, Z.; and Varesi, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Experimental Heat Transfer, 9: 83-103. April 1, 1996 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Scanning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {813,\n\ttitle = {Scanning Thermal Microscopy at Nanometer Scales: A New Frontier in Experimental Heat Transfer},\n\tjournal = {Experimental Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tmonth = {April 1, 1996},\n\tpages = {83-103},\n\tabstract = {The scanning thermal microscope (SThM) is providing the first opportunity to study thermal phenomena at nanometer scales. So far it has been used to thermally probe electrically heated devices such as 30- to 500-nm-wide metal lines, single transistors, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting quantum-well lasers. It has been demonstrated that the SThM can reach an unprecedented spatial resolution of sub-10 nm. The ability to access this regime opens the promising prospects of thermally and optically probing quantum structures and single molecules. It also creates the possibility of discovering new energy transport phenomena, since macroscopic laws and definitions of heat transfer break down at these scales.},\n\tisbn = {0891-6152},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08916159608946516},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Luo, K. and Shi, Z. and Varesi, J.}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1995\n \n \n (7)\n \n \n

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\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Atomic force microscope imaging of the surface roughness of SCS- and TiB2-coated SiC fibres and uncoated sapphire fibres.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Warren, T. L.; Krajcinovic, D.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Composites, 26: 619-629. September 1995 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Atomic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {795,\n\ttitle = {Atomic force microscope imaging of the surface roughness of SCS- and TiB2-coated SiC fibres and uncoated sapphire fibres},\n\tjournal = {Composites},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tmonth = {September 1995},\n\tpages = {619-629},\n\tabstract = {To understand the role of fibre surface roughness on the toughening of composite materials, it is imperative to characterize the fibre surface structure properly. This paper presents nanometre scale images of the surfaces of SCS- and TiB2-coated SiC fibres, and of uncoated sapphire fibres, obtained by atomic force microscopy. It is found that SCS and TiB2 coatings deposited on SiC fibres using chemical vapour deposition methods produce fibres exhibiting surface structures that are tri-fractal over several decades of length scale. The sapphire fibre exhibited a surface structure with two scales of periodic roughness, of wavelength 60 μm and 100 nm. A roughness analysis of the experimentally obtained data at different resolutions demonstrated that the magnitudes of the conventional parameters root mean square (r.m.s.) height σ, r.m.s. slope σ', and r.m.s. curvature σ" for the same surface varied in some cases by more than an order of magnitude.},\n\tkeywords = {atomic force microscope, ceramic fibres, fractal analysis, surface roughness},\n\tisbn = {0010-4361},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001043619598910D},\n\tauthor = {Warren, Thomas L. and Krajcinovic, Dusan and Majumdar, Arunava}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of gate voltage on hot-electron and hot phonon interaction and transport in a submicrometer transistor.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; Fushinobu, K.; and Hijikata, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Physics, 77: 6686-6694. 1995/06/15 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Effect$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {797,\n\ttitle = {Effect of gate voltage on hot-electron and hot phonon interaction and transport in a submicrometer transistor},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tmonth = {1995/06/15},\n\tpages = {6686-6694},\n\tabstract = {This paper studies the effects of gate voltage on heat generation and transport in a metal{\\textendash}semiconductor field effect transistor made of gallium arsenide (GaAs) with a gate length of 0.2 μm. Based on the interactions between electrons, optical phonons, and acoustic phonons in GaAs, a self-consistent model consisting of hydrodynamic equations for electrons and phonons is developed. Concurrent study of the electrical and thermal behavior of the device shows that under a source-to-drain bias at 3 V and zero gate bias, the maximum electrontemperature rise in this device is higher than 1000 K whereas the lattice temperature rise is of the order of 10 K, thereby exhibiting nonequilibrium characteristics. As the gate voltage is decreased from 0 to -2 V the maximum electrontemperature increases due to generation of higher electric fields whereas the maximum lattice temperature reduces due to lower power dissipation. The nonequilibrium hot-electron effect can reduce the drain current by 15\\% and must be included in the analysis. More importantly, it is found that the electrontemperature rise is nearly independent of the thermal package conductance whereas the lattice temperature rise depends strongly on it. In addition, an increase of lattice temperature by 100 K can reduce the drain current by 25\\%.},\n\tkeywords = {Electron optics, Field effect transistors, High temperature instruments, Phonon electron interactions, Phonons},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/77/12/10.1063/1.359082},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Fushinobu, K. and Hijikata, K.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Heat Generation and Transport in Submicron Semiconductor Devices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fushinobu, K.; Majumdar, A.; and Hijikata, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 117: 25-31. February 1, 1995 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Heat$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {799,\n\ttitle = {Heat Generation and Transport in Submicron Semiconductor Devices},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {117},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tmonth = {February 1, 1995},\n\tpages = {25-31},\n\tabstract = {The reduction of semiconductor device size to the submicrometer range leads to unique electrical and thermal phenomena. The presence of high electric fields (order of 107  V/m) energizes the electrons and throws them far from equilibrium with the lattice. This makes heat generation a nonequilibrium process. For gallium arsenide (GaAs), energy is first transferred from the energized electrons to optical phonons due to strong polar coupling. Since optical phonons do not conduct heat, they must transfer their energy to acoustic phonons for lattice heat conduction. Based on the two-step mechanism with corresponding time scales, a new model is developed to study the process of nonequilibrium heat generation and transport in a GaAs metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) with a gate length of 0.2 μm. When 3 V is applied to the device, the electron temperature rise is predicted to be more than 1000 K. The effect of lattice heating on electrical characteristics of the device shows that the current is reduced due to decrease in electron mobility. The package thermal conductance is observed to have strong effects on the transient response of the device.},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822317},\n\tauthor = {Fushinobu, K. and Majumdar, A. and Hijikata, K.}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal detection of device failure by atomic force microscopy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lai, J.; Chandrachood, M.; Majumda, A.; and Carrejo, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n IEEE Electron Device Letters, 16: 312-315. July 1995 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {801,\n\ttitle = {Thermal detection of device failure by atomic force microscopy},\n\tjournal = {IEEE Electron Device Letters},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tmonth = {July 1995},\n\tpages = {312-315},\n\tabstract = {Device and interconnect electrical failures often occur in the form of short or open circuits which produce hot or cold spots under voltage bias. With the minimum device feature size shrinking to 0.25 μm and less, it is impossible to locate the exact position of defects by traditional thermal or optical techniques such as infra-red emission thermometry, liquid crystals or optical beam induced current. We have used a temperature-sensing probe in an atomic force microscope to locate a hot spot created by a short-circuit defect between the gate and the drain of a Si MOSFET with a spatial resolution of about 0.5 μm. The technique has the potential to produce spatial resolutions in the range of 0.05 μm and efforts are underway to reach this goal.},\n\tkeywords = {0.05 to 0.5 micron, AFM, Atom optics, atomic force microscopy, device failure, failure analysis, hot spot location, infrared imaging, Integrated circuit interconnections, integrated circuit testing, interconnect electrical failures, Liquid crystal devices, Optical devices, Optical interconnections, short-circuit defect, Si, Spatial resolution, Stimulated emission, temperature distribution, temperature-sensing probe, thermal detection, Thermal force, ULSI, Voltage},\n\tisbn = {0741-3106},\n\tauthor = {Lai, J. and Chandrachood, M. and Majumda, A. and Carrejo, J.P.}\n}\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal imaging by atomic force microscopy using thermocouple cantilever probes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; Lai, J.; Chandrachood, M.; Nakabeppu, O.; Wu, Y.; and Shi, Z.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Review of Scientific Instruments, 66: 3584-3592. 1995/06/01 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {803,\n\ttitle = {Thermal imaging by atomic force microscopy using thermocouple cantilever probes},\n\tjournal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tmonth = {1995/06/01},\n\tpages = {3584-3592},\n\tabstract = {Thermocouple cantilever probes are used in the atomic force microscope(AFM) to simultaneously obtain thermal and topographical images of surfaces with submicrometer scale spatial resolution. Three designs of thermocoupleAFM probes and the thermal images obtained by each of them are presented here. Experiments show that the dominant mechanism for sample-probe heat transfer is gas conduction. If probes are not properly designed, this could lead to image distortion and loss of temperature and spatial resolution. The steady state probe behavior is dominated by the gas thermal conductivity whereas the transient effects are dominated by the thermal mass of the probe. Thermal images of single transistors show their thermal characteristics under different biasing conditions. In addition, hot spots created by short-circuit defects within a transistor can be located by this technique. Efforts are underway to improve the spatial resolution from 0.4 to 0.05 μm by careful probe design. The results suggest that this can be achieved when the size of the thermal sensor at the tip of an AFM cantilever probe is of the order of the tip radius.},\n\tkeywords = {Atomic force microscopes, atomic force microscopy, Spatial resolution, thermal imaging, Thermocouples},\n\tisbn = {0034-6748, 1089-7623},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/rsi/66/6/10.1063/1.1145474},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Lai, J. and Chandrachood, M. and Nakabeppu, O. and Wu, Y. and Shi, Z.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scanning thermal imaging microscopy using composite cantilever probes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nakabeppu, O.; Chandrachood, M.; Wu, Y.; Lai, J.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 66: 694-696. 1995/02/06 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Scanning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {807,\n\ttitle = {Scanning thermal imaging microscopy using composite cantilever probes},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tmonth = {1995/02/06},\n\tpages = {694-696},\n\tabstract = {We have developed a simple technique of measuring surface temperature contrast with submicron spatial resolution. The technique uses the atomic force microscope(AFM) to scan a composite cantilever probe made of a thin metal film (aluminum or gold) deposited on a regular silicon nitride AFM probe. During tip-surface contact, heat flow through the tip changes the cantilever temperature which bends the cantilever due to differential thermal expansion of the two probe materials. An ac measurement is used to separate cantilever bending due to temperature and topography. To eliminate image distortion due to air heat conduction, thermal images of a biased resistor were obtained in vacuum (10-5 Torr). The images showed hot spots due to current crowding around voids in the heater and suggested a spatial resolution of 0.4 μm.},\n\tkeywords = {Atomic force microscopes, atomic force microscopy, Flow visualization, Spatial resolution, thermal imaging},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/66/6/10.1063/1.114102},\n\tauthor = {Nakabeppu, O. and Chandrachood, M. and Wu, Y. and Lai, J. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Characterization and Contact Mechanics of Fractal and Non-Fractal Surfaces.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Japanese Society of Tribologists, 40. 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {881,\n\ttitle = {Characterization and Contact Mechanics of Fractal and Non-Fractal Surfaces},\n\tjournal = { Journal of Japanese Society of Tribologists},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tchapter = {19-24},\n\tauthor = {A. Majumdar}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n \n 1994\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Imaging and Modeling of Hot-Electron Semiconductor Devices.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; Lai, J.; Fushinobu, K.; and Chandrachood, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Thermal Science & Engineering, 2. 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {883,\n\ttitle = {Thermal Imaging and Modeling of Hot-Electron Semiconductor Devices},\n\tjournal = { Thermal Science \\& Engineering},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tchapter = {116-124},\n\tauthor = {A. Majumdar and J. Lai and K. Fushinobu and M. Chandrachood}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1993\n \n \n (6)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Light scatter from polysilicon and aluminum surfaces and comparison with surface-roughness statistics by atomic force microscopy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bawolek, E. J.; Mohr, J. B.; Hirleman, E. D.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Optics, 32: 3377. 1993-07-01 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Light$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {785,\n\ttitle = {Light scatter from polysilicon and aluminum surfaces and comparison with surface-roughness statistics by atomic force microscopy},\n\tjournal = {Applied Optics},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tmonth = {1993-07-01},\n\tpages = {3377},\n\tisbn = {0003-6935, 1539-4522},\n\turl = {https://www.osapublishing.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-32-19-3377},\n\tauthor = {Bawolek, E. J. and Mohr, James B. and Hirleman, E. D. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Microscale Heat Conduction in Dielectric Thin Films.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 115: 7-16. February 1, 1993 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Microscale$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {787,\n\ttitle = {Microscale Heat Conduction in Dielectric Thin Films},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {115},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tmonth = {February 1, 1993},\n\tpages = {7-16},\n\tabstract = {<p>Heat conduction in dielectric thin films is a critical issue in the design of electronic devices and packages. Depending on the material properties, there exists a range of film thickness where the Fourier law, used for macroscale heat conduction, cannot be applied. This paper shows that in this microscale regime, heat transport by lattice vibrations or phonons can be analyzed as a radiative transfer problem. Based on Boltzmann transport theory, an equation of phonon radiative transfer (EPRT) is developed. In the acoustically thick limit, ξL >> 1, or the macroscale regime, where the film thickness is much larger than the phonon-scattering mean free path, the EPRT reduces to the Fourier law. In the acoustically thin limit, ξL << 1, the EPRT yields the blackbody radiation law q = σ (T1 4 \\&minus; T2 4 ) at temperatures below the Debye temperature, where q is the heat flux and T1 and T2 are temperatures at the film boundaries. For transient heat conduction, the EPRT suggests that a heat pulse is transported as a wave, which becomes attenuated in the film due to phonon scattering. It is also shown that the hyperbolic heat equation can be derived from the EPRT only in the acoustically thick limit. The EPRT is then used to study heat transport in diamond thin films in wide range of acoustical thicknesses spanning the thin and the thick regimes. The heat flux follows the relation q = 4σT3 ΔT/(3ξL /4 + 1) as derived in the modified diffusion approximation for photon radiative transfer. The thermal conductivity, as currently predicted by kinetic theory, causes the Fourier law to overpredict the heat flux by 33 percent when ξL << 1, by 133 percent when ξL = 1, and by about 10 percent when ξL increases to 10. To use the Fourier law in both ballistic and diffusive transport regimes, a simple expression for an effective thermal conductivity is developed.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910673},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Transient ballistic and diffusive phonon heat transport in thin films.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Joshi, A. A.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Physics, 74: 31-39. 1993/07/01 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Transient$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article {789,\n\ttitle = {Transient ballistic and diffusive phonon heat transport in thin films},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tmonth = {1993/07/01},\n\tpages = {31-39},\n\tabstract = {<p>Ballistic and diffusive phonontransport under small time and spatial scales are important in fast-switching electronic devices and pulsed-laser processing of materials. The Fourier law represents only diffusive transport and yields an infinite speed for heat waves. Although the hyperbolic heat equation involves a finite heat wave speed, it cannot modelballisticphonontransport in short spatial scales, which under steady state follows the Casimir limit of phononradiation. An equation of phonon radiative transfer (EPRT) is developed which shows the correct limiting behavior for both purely ballistic and diffusive transport. The solution of the EPRT for diamond thin films not only produces wall temperature jumps under ballistic transport but shows markedly different transient response from that of the Fourier law and the hyperbolic heat equation even for predominantly diffusive transport. For sudden temperature rise at one film boundary, the results show that the Fourier law and the hyperbolic heat equation can significantly over- or underpredict the boundary heat flux at time scales smaller than the phonon relaxation times.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Ballistic transport, Electronic devices, Heat waves, Phonons, Spatial scaling},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/74/1/10.1063/1.354111},\n\tauthor = {Joshi, A. A. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Charge and energy transport by tunneling thermoelectric effect.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marschall, J.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Physics, 74: 4000-4005. 1993/09/15 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Charge$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {791,\n\ttitle = {Charge and energy transport by tunneling thermoelectric effect},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Physics},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tmonth = {1993/09/15},\n\tpages = {4000-4005},\n\tabstract = {<p>Computational predictions, based upon conventional one-dimensional tunneling theory, are presented for charge and energy transport by electron tunneling thermoelectric effect. It is shown that a temperature difference across a tunnel junction connected in an open electrical circuit produces a thermopower S and a heat conductance H V . In a closed circuit, the temperature difference drives a tunnel current which is quantified by a current conductance Q ={\\textbardbl} J th/ΔT{\\textbardbl}LimΔT■0 (where J th is the current density) and a heat conductance H J . The thermopower S is shown to be relatively insensitive to image potentials and barrier thickness, whereas the transport coefficients Q, H J , and H V are highly sensitive to junction parameters. The calculations for a \\&lsquo;\\&lsquo;generic\\&rsquo;\\&rsquo; Al-Al2O3-Al junction with a 25 {\\r A} barrier thickness indicate that S and Q could be measurable, whereas H V and H J are probably below the limits of detection. Although S might be measured by a scanning tunneling microscope, it is not clear at present how tip geometry would influence the measurement.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Current density, Electric currents, Heat conduction, Thermoelectric effects, Tunneling},\n\tisbn = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/74/6/10.1063/1.354443},\n\tauthor = {Marschall, Jochen and Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal imaging using the atomic force microscope.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; Carrejo, J. P.; and Lai, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 62: 2501-2503. 1993/05/17 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Thermal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {793,\n\ttitle = {Thermal imaging using the atomic force microscope},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {62},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tmonth = {1993/05/17},\n\tpages = {2501-2503},\n\tabstract = {<p>We have developed a new and simple technique for thermal imaging with submicrometer spatial resolution using the atomic force microscope. The method is particularly unique for simultaneously obtaining thermal and topographical images of biased electronic devices and interconnects where there could be different materials and potential variations on a scan surface. Application to a biased metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor showed the heating under the gate and a hot spot between the gate and drain where the electric field is known to be the highest. Thermal images of a biased polycrystalline Al-Cu via structure showed the grain boundaries to be hotter than within the grain. With the development of electronic devices and structures in the submicrometer range, this technique can become very useful as a tool for thermal characterization and property measurement.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Atomic force microscopes, Electric fields, Electronic devices, Grain boundaries, thermal imaging},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/62/20/10.1063/1.109335},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Carrejo, J. P. and Lai, J.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Role of Scanning Probe Microscopes for the Development of Nanoelectronic Devices.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; and Lindsay, S. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n SPIE Monograph on Technology of Proximal Probe Lithography ed. C. R. K. Marrian. 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {885,\n\ttitle = {Role of Scanning Probe Microscopes for the Development of Nanoelectronic Devices},\n\tjournal = {SPIE Monograph on Technology of Proximal Probe Lithography ed. C. R. K. Marrian},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tchapter = {33-57},\n\tauthor = {A. Majumdar and S. M. Lindsay}\n}\n

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\n \n 1992\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n AFM Imaging, Roughness Analysis and Contact Mechanics of Magnetic Tape and Head Surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Oden, P. I.; Majumdar, A.; Bhushan, B.; Padmanabhan, A.; and Graham, J. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Tribology, 114: 666-674. October 1, 1992 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"AFM$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {777,\n\ttitle = {AFM Imaging, Roughness Analysis and Contact Mechanics of Magnetic Tape and Head Surfaces},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Tribology},\n\tvolume = {114},\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tmonth = {October 1, 1992},\n\tpages = {666-674},\n\tabstract = {<p>Roughness measurements of a magnetic tape, a biaxially oriented poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate, a tape head and a rigid-disk slider were made by an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a non-contact optical profiler (NOP). The lateral resolution of the surface topographs ranges from 1 μm (for NOP) down to 1 nm (for AFM). The AFM images show submicron features of the surface that are characteristic of the manufacturing processes. Some of the statistical roughness parameters conventionally used in theories of contact mechanics showed strong dependence on instrument resolution. This suggests that, firstly, roughness measured by NOP at resolutions larger than 1 μm cannot be used to study tribology at sub-micrometer scales and, secondly, a scale-independent characterization by fractal geometry is necessary. Fractal analysis of the tape surface reveals two regimes of roughness demarcated by a scale of 0.1 μm corresponding to the size of magnetic particles. The fractal behavior explains the dependence of the rms height, slope and curvature on the instrument resolution. The predictions of real area of contact suggest that nanometer-scale asperities tend to deform plastically whereas micrometer-scale ones deform elastically.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0742-4787},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920934},\n\tauthor = {Oden, P. I. and Majumdar, A. and Bhushan, B. and Padmanabhan, A. and Graham, J. J.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Role of Fractal Geometry in the Study of Thermal Phenomena.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annual Review of Heat Transfer, 4: 51-110. 1992 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Role$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {779,\n\ttitle = {Role of Fractal Geometry in the Study of Thermal Phenomena},\n\tjournal = {Annual Review of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tmonth = {1992},\n\tpages = {51-110},\n\tisbn = {1049-0787},\n\turl = {http://www.dl.begellhouse.com/references/5756967540dd1b03,423ff9c633d73054,545d6bcd103b462b.html},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, Arun}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Surface Deformations on Contact Conductance.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Williamson, M.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 114: 802-810. November 1, 1992 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Effect$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {781,\n\ttitle = {Effect of Surface Deformations on Contact Conductance},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {114},\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tmonth = {November 1, 1992},\n\tpages = {802-810},\n\tabstract = {<p>This study experimentally investigates the influence of surface deformations on contact conductance when two dissimilar metals are brought into contact. Most relations between the contact conductance and the load use the surface hardness to characterize surface deformations. This inherently assumes that deformations are predominantly plastic. To check the validity of this assumption, five tests were conducted in the contact pressure range of 30 kPa to 4 MPa, with sample combinations of (I) smooth aluminum-rough stainless steel, (II) rough aluminum-smooth stainless steel, (III) rough copper-smooth stainless steel, (IV) smooth copper-rough stainless steel, and (V) smooth aluminum-smooth stainless steel. The experimental results of tests I, II, and IV indicate that the conductance of the first load-unload cycle showed hysteresis, suggesting that the plastic deformation was significant. However, for subsequent load cycles, no conductance hysteresis was observed, implying that elastic deformation was predominant. In contrast, no conductance hysteresis was observed for all load-unload cycles of tests III and V. Therefore, the surface deformation for this combination was always predominantly elastic. In practical applications where plastic deformation is significant for the first loading, mechanical vibrations can produce oscillating loads, which can finally lead to predominance of elastic deformation. Comparison of the results of tests II and V show that even though plastic deformation was significant for the first loading of a rough aluminum surface, elastic deformation was always predominant for the smoother aluminum surface</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911886},\n\tauthor = {Williamson, M. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanometer-scale lithography using the atomic force microscope.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; Oden, P. I.; Carrejo, J. P.; Nagahara, L. A.; Graham, J. J.; and Alexander, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Physics Letters, 61: 2293-2295. 1992/11/09 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nanometer-scale$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {783,\n\ttitle = {Nanometer-scale lithography using the atomic force microscope},\n\tjournal = {Applied Physics Letters},\n\tvolume = {61},\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tmonth = {1992/11/09},\n\tpages = {2293-2295},\n\tabstract = {<p>We demonstrate a new use of the atomic force microscope(AFM) for nanometer-scale lithography on ultrathin films of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). The PMMA films were chemically modified as both positive and negative resists due to energy transfer from a highly localized electron source provided by metallized AFM tips. We were able to fabricate a line pattern with 68 nm line periodicity with about 35 nm line widths.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Atomic force microscopes, Electron sources, Energy transfer, Metallic thin films, Microlithography},\n\tisbn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/61/19/10.1063/1.108268},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Oden, P. I. and Carrejo, J. P. and Nagahara, L. A. and Graham, J. J. and Alexander, J.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Elastic-Plastic Contact of Bifractal Surfaces.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; and Bhushan, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wear, 153. 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {887,\n\ttitle = {Elastic-Plastic Contact of Bifractal Surfaces},\n\tjournal = { Wear},\n\tvolume = {153},\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tchapter = {53-64},\n\tauthor = {A. Majumdar and B. Bhushan}\n}\n

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\n \n 1991\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fractal Model of Elastic-Plastic Contact Between Rough Surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; and Bhushan, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Tribology, 113: 1-11. January 1, 1991 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Fractal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {769,\n\ttitle = {Fractal Model of Elastic-Plastic Contact Between Rough Surfaces},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Tribology},\n\tvolume = {113},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tmonth = {January 1, 1991},\n\tpages = {1-11},\n\tabstract = {<p><strong><em>Winner of the 1992 Melville Medal from the ASME for the best current original paper</em></strong></p>\r\n<p>Roughness measurements by optical interferometry and scanning tunneling microscopy on a magnetic thin-film rigid disk surface have shown that its surface is fractal in nature. This leads to a scale-dependence of statistical parameters such as r.m.s height, slope and curvature, which are extensively used in classical models of contact between rough surfaces. Based on the scale-independent fractal roughness parameters, a new model of contact between isotropic rough surfaces is developed. The model predicts that all contact spots of area smaller than a critical area are in plastic contact. When the load is increased, these plastically deformed spots join to form elastic spots. Using a power-law relation for the fractal size-distribution of contact spots, the model shows that for elastic deformation, the load P and the real area of contact Ar are related as P~Ar (3\\&minus;D)/2 , where D is the fractal dimension of a surface profile which lies between 1 and 2. This result explains the origins of the area exponent which has been the focus of a number of experimental and theoretical studies. For plastic loading, the load and area are linearly related. The size-distribution of spots also suggests that the number of contact spots contributing to a certain fraction of the real area of contact remains independent of load although the spot sizes increase with load. The model shows that the load-area relation and the fraction of the real area of contact in elastic and plastic deformation are quite sensitive to the fractal roughness parameters.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0742-4787},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920588},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Bhushan, B.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scanning tunneling microscopy investigations of polysilicon films under solution.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carrejo, J. P.; Thundat, T.; Nagahara, L. A.; Lindsay, S. M.; and Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 9: 955-959. 1991/03/01 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Scanning$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {771,\n\ttitle = {Scanning tunneling microscopy investigations of polysilicon films under solution},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Vacuum Science \\& Technology B},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tmonth = {1991/03/01},\n\tpages = {955-959},\n\tabstract = {<p>We have investigated the surface morphology of polysilicon films, prepared by low pressurechemical vapor deposition, with scanning tunnel microscope (STM) under very dilute HF solution. Imaging under HF solution eliminates ambiguities in the STM topographs caused by the presence of oxide. The average grain sizes determined from STM topographs were consistent with transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies. The root mean square surface roughnessmeasured from STM topographs was found to increase with the polysilicon film thickness while the sheet resistance was found to decrease with the film thickness. The surface topography of the film was found to have a fractalstructure with a surfacefractal dimension of 2.35.</p>\r\n},\n\tkeywords = {Chemical solutions, Fractals, Liquid phase deposition, Scanning tunneling microscopy, Surface structure},\n\tisbn = {2166-2746, 2166-2754},\n\turl = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/9/2/10.1116/1.585502},\n\tauthor = {Carrejo, J. P. and Thundat, T. and Nagahara, L. A. and Lindsay, S. M. and Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fractal Network Model for Contact Conductance.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; and Tien, C. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 113: 516-525. August 1, 1991 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Fractal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {773,\n\ttitle = {Fractal Network Model for Contact Conductance},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {113},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tmonth = {August 1, 1991},\n\tpages = {516-525},\n\tabstract = {<p><strong><em>Winner of the Best Paper Award of ASME Heat Transfer Division</em></strong></p>\r\n<p>The topography of rough surfaces strongly influences the conduction of heat and electricity between two surfaces in contact. Roughness measurements on a variety of surfaces have shown that their structure follows a fractal geometry whereby similar images of the surface appear under repeated magnification. Such a structure is characterized by the fractal dimension D , which lies between 2 and 3 for a surface and between 1 and 2 for a surface profile. This paper uses the fractal characterization of surface roughness to develop a new network model for analyzing heat conduction between two contacting rough surfaces. The analysis yields the simple result that the contact conductance h and the real area of contact At are related as h ~ At D/2 where D is the fractal dimension of the surface profile. Contact mechanics of fractal surfaces has shown that At varies with the load F as At ~ Fη where η ranges from 1 to 1.33 depending on the value of D . This proves that the conductance and load are related as h ~ Fη D/2 and resolves the anomaly in previous investigations, which theoretically and experimentally obtained different values for the load exponent. The analytical results agreed well with previous experiments although there is a tendency for overprediction.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910594},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Tien, C. L.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Interfacial Roughness on Phonon Radiative Heat Conduction.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 113: 797-805. November 1, 1991 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Effect$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {775,\n\ttitle = {Effect of Interfacial Roughness on Phonon Radiative Heat Conduction},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {113},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tmonth = {November 1, 1991},\n\tpages = {797-805},\n\tabstract = {<p>The interface between a solid and a liquid or two dissimilar solids poses a resistance to heat transport by phonons, which are quanta of lattice vibrational energy. The classical theory explains that the resistance R arises due to a mismatch in acoustic impedances of the two media and predicts R to vary with temperature T as R ~ T\\&minus;3 . Experiments with copper and liquid 3 He have shown that first, although RT3 is a constant below 0.1 K, its value is much less than that predicted by the classical theory. Second, at higher temperatures the resistance behaves as R ~ T\\&minus;n where n \\&gt; 3. This study explains these observations in the temperature range of 0.06 K\\&minus;1 K and 3 He pressure range from zero atmospheres in liquid state to solid state, by including the effects of surface roughness and phonon attenuation in solids by electrons or dislocations. Roughness measurements have shown that solid surfaces have a fractal structure and are characterized by a fractal dimension D lying between 2 and 3 for a surface. Using the fractal characteristics, the thermal boundary resistance is shown to follow the relation RT3 ~ (1 + ηTβ )\\&minus;1 where β is a function of the dimension D and η is a scaling constant. The predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations, indicating that, in addition to other surface effects, the fractal surface structure could have a strong influence on thermal boundary resistance.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911206},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Role of Fractal Geometry in Tribology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; Bhushan, B.; and Tien, C. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Advances in Information Storage System, ASME Series, 1. 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {889,\n\ttitle = {Role of Fractal Geometry in Tribology},\n\tjournal = { Advances in Information Storage System, ASME Series},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tchapter = {231-266},\n\tauthor = {A. Majumdar and B. Bhushan and C. L. Tien}\n}\n

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\n \n 1990\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of Surface Tension on Film Condensation in a Porous Medium.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; and Tien, C. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 112: 751-757. August 1, 1990 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Effects$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {761,\n\ttitle = {Effects of Surface Tension on Film Condensation in a Porous Medium},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {112},\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tmonth = {August 1, 1990},\n\tpages = {751-757},\n\tabstract = {<p>In the process of film condensation in a porous medium, the thermodynamics of phase equilibria requires the existence of a two-phase zone lying between the liquid and the vapor regions. In the two-phase zone, solutions of the conservation equations indicate a boundary-layer profile for the capillary pressure. The liquid zone is analyzed using three models, which assume either slip or no slip at the wall and Darcy velocity or no shear at the interface with the two-phase zone. The results show that the condition of no slip at the wall must be satisfied in all cases except where the thickness of the liquid zone is much larger than the characteristic boundary layer in the porous medium. At the interface with the two-phase zone, the assumption of no shear is more realistic than that of an imposed Darcy velocity, in conjunction with no-slip condition at the wall. Comparisons with experiments suggest that the drag on the liquid film due to surface tension is significant for permeabilities lower than 10\\&minus;7 m2 . A dimensionless group, characterizing viscous flow due to surface tension forces, is introduced in this study.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910450},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Tien, C. L.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fractal characterization and simulation of rough surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; and Tien, C. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wear, 136: 313-327. March 1990 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Fractal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {763,\n\ttitle = {Fractal characterization and simulation of rough surfaces},\n\tjournal = {Wear},\n\tvolume = {136},\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tmonth = {March 1990},\n\tpages = {313-327},\n\tabstract = {<p>Roughness measurements on a variety of machined steel surfaces and a textured magnetic thin-film disk have shown that their topographies are multiscale and random. The power spectrum of each of these surfaces follows a power law within the length scales considered. This spectral behavior implies that when the surface is repeatedly magnified, statistically similar images of the surface keep appearing. In this paper the fractal dimension is identified as an intrinsic property of such a multiscale structure and the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M) fractal function is used to introduce a new and simple method of roughness characterization.<br />\r\n\t<br />\r\n\tThe power spectra of the stainless steel surface profiles coincide at high frequencies and correspond to a fractal dimension of 1.5. It is speculated that this coincidence occurs at small length scales because the surface remains unprocessed at such scales. Surface processing, such as grinding or lapping, reduces the power at lower frequencies up to a certain corner frequency, higher than which all surfaces behave as unprocessed ones.<br />\r\n\t<br />\r\n\tThe W-M function is also used to simulate deterministically both brownian and non-brownian rough surfaces which exhibit statistical resemblance to real surfaces.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0043-1648},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0043164890901543},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Tien, C. L.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Differential-Discrete-Ordinate Method for Solutions of the Equation of Radiative Transfer.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, S.; Majumdar, A.; and Tien, C. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Heat Transfer, 112: 424-429. May 1, 1990 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {765,\n\ttitle = {The Differential-Discrete-Ordinate Method for Solutions of the Equation of Radiative Transfer},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},\n\tvolume = {112},\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tmonth = {May 1, 1990},\n\tpages = {424-429},\n\tabstract = {<p>This paper introduces a powerful but simple methodology for solving the general equation of radiative transfer for scattering and/or absorbing one-dimensional systems. Existing methods, usually designed to handle specific boundary and energy equilibrium conditions, either provide crude estimates or involve intricate mathematical analysis coupled with numerical techniques. In contrast, the present scheme, which uses a discrete-ordinate technique to reduce the integro-differential equation to a system of ordinary differential equations, utilizes readily available software routines to solve the resulting set of coupled first-order ordinary differential equations as a two-point boundary value problem. The advantage of this approach is that the user is freed from having to understand complicated mathematical analysis and perform extensive computer programming. Additionally, the software used is state of the art, which is less prone to numerical instabilities and inaccuracies. Any degree of scattering anisotropy and albedo can be incorporated along with different conditions of energy equilibrium or specified temperature distributions and boundary conditions. Examples are presented where the radiative transfer is computed by using different quadratures such as Gaussian, Lobatto, Fiveland, Chebyshev, and Newton-Cotes. Comparison with benchmark cases shows that in a highly forward scattering medium Gaussian quadrature provides the most accurate and stable solutions.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0022-1481},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910395},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, S. and Majumdar, A. and Tien, C. L.}\n}\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Role of Fractal Geometry in Roughness Characterization and Contact Mechanics of Surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Majumdar, A.; and Bhushan, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Tribology, 112: 205-216. April 1, 1990 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Role$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article {767,\n\ttitle = {Role of Fractal Geometry in Roughness Characterization and Contact Mechanics of Surfaces},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Tribology},\n\tvolume = {112},\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tmonth = {April 1, 1990},\n\tpages = {205-216},\n\tabstract = {<p>A proper characterization of the multiscale topography of rough surfaces is very crucial for understanding several tribological phenomena. Although the multiscale nature of rough surfaces warrants a scale-independent characterization, conventional techniques use scale-dependent statistical parameters such as the variances of height, slope and curvature which are shown to be functions of the surface magnification. Roughness measurements on surfaces of magnetic tape, smooth and textured magnetic thin film rigid disks, and machined stainless steel surfaces show that their spectra follow a power law behavior. Profiles of such surfaces are, therefore, statistically self-affine which implies that when repeatedly magnified, increasing details of roughness emerge and appear similar to the original profile. This paper uses fractal geometry to characterize the multiscale self-affine topography by scale-independent parameters such as the fractal dimension. These parameters are obtained from the spectra of surface profiles. It was observed that surface processing techniques which produce deterministic texture on the surface result in non-fractal structure whereas those producing random texture yield fractal surfaces. For the magnetic tape surface, statistical parameters such as the r.m.s. peak height and curvature and the mean slope, which are needed in elastic contact models, are found to be scale-dependent. The imperfect contact between two rough surfaces is composed of a large number of contact spots of different sizes. The fractal representation of surfaces shows that the size-distribution of the multiscale contact spots follows a power law and is characterized by the fractal dimension of the surface. The surface spectra and the spot size-distribution follow power laws over several decades of length scales. Therefore, the fractal approach has the potential to predict the behavior of a surface phenomenon at a particular length scale from the observations at other length scales.</p>\r\n},\n\tisbn = {0742-4787},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920243},\n\tauthor = {Majumdar, A. and Bhushan, B.}\n}\n

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A proper characterization of the multiscale topography of rough surfaces is very crucial for understanding several tribological phenomena. Although the multiscale nature of rough surfaces warrants a scale-independent characterization, conventional techniques use scale-dependent statistical parameters such as the variances of height, slope and curvature which are shown to be functions of the surface magnification. Roughness measurements on surfaces of magnetic tape, smooth and textured magnetic thin film rigid disks, and machined stainless steel surfaces show that their spectra follow a power law behavior. Profiles of such surfaces are, therefore, statistically self-affine which implies that when repeatedly magnified, increasing details of roughness emerge and appear similar to the original profile. This paper uses fractal geometry to characterize the multiscale self-affine topography by scale-independent parameters such as the fractal dimension. These parameters are obtained from the spectra of surface profiles. It was observed that surface processing techniques which produce deterministic texture on the surface result in non-fractal structure whereas those producing random texture yield fractal surfaces. For the magnetic tape surface, statistical parameters such as the r.m.s. peak height and curvature and the mean slope, which are needed in elastic contact models, are found to be scale-dependent. The imperfect contact between two rough surfaces is composed of a large number of contact spots of different sizes. The fractal representation of surfaces shows that the size-distribution of the multiscale contact spots follows a power law and is characterized by the fractal dimension of the surface. The surface spectra and the spot size-distribution follow power laws over several decades of length scales. Therefore, the fractal approach has the potential to predict the behavior of a surface phenomenon at a particular length scale from the observations at other length scales.

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