var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"bib\":\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/Publications-database.bib\",\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"theme\":\"side\",\"css\":\"www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/css/bibbase.css\",\"authorFirst\":\"1\",\"group0\":\"type\",\"filter\":\"project:mhvsimulation\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\"},\n      data: [{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Alemu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Y.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Girdhar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Xenos\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sheriff\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jesty\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Einav\"],\"firstnames\":[\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bluestein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"title\":\"Design Optimization of a mechanical heart valve for reducing valve thrombogenicity - a case study with ATS valve\",\"journal\":\"ASAIO J\",\"volume\":\"56\",\"issue\":\"5\",\"pages\":\"389-396\",\"url_paper\":\"/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2010_design_optimization_MHV.pdf\",\"url_link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181e65bf9\",\"abstract\":\"Patients implanted with mechanical heart valves (MHV) or with ventricular assist devices that use MHV require mandatory lifelong anticoagulation for secondary stroke prevention. We recently developed a novel Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) methodology that interfaces numerical and experimental approaches to optimize the thrombogenic performance of the device and reduce the bleeding risk associated with anticoagulation therapy. Device Thrombogenicity Emulator uses stress-loading waveforms in pertinent platelet flow trajectories that are extracted from highly resolved numerical simulations and emulates these flow conditions in a programmable hemodynamic shearing device (HSD) by which platelet activity is measured. We have previously compared two MHV, ATS and the St. Jude Medical, and demonstrated that owing to its nonrecessed hinge design, the ATS valve offers improved thrombogenic performance. In this study, we further optimize the ATS valve thrombogenic performance, by modifying various design features of the valve, intended to achieve reduced thrombogenicity: 1) optimizing the leaflet-housing gap clearance; 2) increasing the effective maximum opening angle of the valve; and 3) introducing a streamlined channel between the leaflet stops of the valve that increases the effective flow area. We have demonstrated that the DTE optimization methodology can be used as test bed for developing devices with significantly improved thombogenic performance.\",\"project\":\"mhvsimulation\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{z42,\\r\\n author = {Alemu, Y. and Girdhar, G. and Xenos, M. and Sheriff, J. and Jesty, J. and Einav, S. and Bluestein, D.},\\r\\n year = {2010},\\r\\n title = {Design Optimization of a mechanical heart valve for reducing valve thrombogenicity - a case study with ATS valve},\\r\\n journal = {ASAIO J},\\r\\n volume = {56},\\r\\n issue = {5},\\r\\n pages = {389-396},\\r\\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2010_design_optimization_MHV.pdf},\\r\\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181e65bf9},\\r\\n abstract = {Patients implanted with mechanical heart valves (MHV) or with ventricular assist devices that use MHV require mandatory lifelong anticoagulation for secondary stroke prevention. We recently developed a novel Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) methodology that interfaces numerical and experimental approaches to optimize the thrombogenic performance of the device and reduce the bleeding risk associated with anticoagulation therapy. Device Thrombogenicity Emulator uses stress-loading waveforms in pertinent platelet flow trajectories that are extracted from highly resolved numerical simulations and emulates these flow conditions in a programmable hemodynamic shearing device (HSD) by which platelet activity is measured. We have previously compared two MHV, ATS and the St. Jude Medical, and demonstrated that owing to its nonrecessed hinge design, the ATS valve offers improved thrombogenic performance. In this study, we further optimize the ATS valve thrombogenic performance, by modifying various design features of the valve, intended to achieve reduced thrombogenicity: 1) optimizing the leaflet-housing gap clearance; 2) increasing the effective maximum opening angle of the valve; and 3) introducing a streamlined channel between the leaflet stops of the valve that increases the effective flow area. We have demonstrated that the DTE optimization methodology can be used as test bed for developing devices with significantly improved thombogenic performance.},\\r\\n project = {mhvsimulation},\\r\\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Alemu, Y.\",\"Girdhar, G.\",\"Xenos, M.\",\"Sheriff, J.\",\"Jesty, J.\",\"Einav, S.\",\"Bluestein, D.\"],\"key\":\"z42\",\"id\":\"z42\",\"bibbaseid\":\"alemu-girdhar-xenos-sheriff-jesty-einav-bluestein-designoptimizationofamechanicalheartvalveforreducingvalvethrombogenicityacasestudywithatsvalve-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" paper\":\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2010_design_optimization_MHV.pdf\",\" link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181e65bf9\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"bluestein, d\":\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Xenos\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Girdhar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Alemu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Y.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jesty\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Slepian\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Einav\"],\"firstnames\":[\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bluestein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"title\":\"Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) - design optimization methodology for cardiovascular devices: a study in two bileaflet MHV designs\",\"journal\":\"J. Biomech\",\"volume\":\"43\",\"issue\":\"12\",\"pages\":\"2400-2409\",\"url_paper\":\"/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Xenos_2010_DTE.pdf\",\"url_link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.04.020\",\"abstract\":\"Patients who receive prosthetic heart valve (PHV) implants require mandatory anticoagulation medication after implantation due to the thrombogenic potential of the valve. Optimization of PHV designs may facilitate reduction of flow-induced thrombogenicity and reduce or eliminate the need for post-implant anticoagulants. We present a methodology entitled Device Thrombogenicty Emulator (DTE) for optimizing the thrombo-resistance performance of PHV by combining numerical and experimental approaches. Two bileaflet mechanical heart valves (MHV) designs, St. Jude Medical (SJM) and ATS, were investigated by studying the effect of distinct flow phases on platelet activation. Transient turbulent and direct numerical simulations (DNS) were conducted, and stress loading histories experienced by the platelets were calculated along flow trajectories. The numerical simulations indicated distinct design dependent differences between the two valves. The stress loading waveforms extracted from the numerical simulations were programmed into a hemodynamic shearing device (HSD), emulating the flow conditions past the valves in distinct 'hot-spot' flow regions that are implicated in MHV thrombogenicity. The resultant platelet activity was measured with a modified prothrombinase assay, and was found to be significantly higher in the SJM valve, mostly during the regurgitation phase. The experimental results were in excellent agreement with the calculated platelet activation potential. This establishes the utility of the DTE methodology for serving as a test bed for evaluating design modifications for achieving better thrombogenic performance for such devices.\",\"project\":\"mhvsimulation\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{z44,\\r\\n author = {Xenos, M. and Girdhar, G. and Alemu, Y. and Jesty, J. and Slepian, M. J. and Einav, S. and Bluestein, D.},\\r\\n year = {2010},\\r\\n title = {Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) - design optimization methodology for cardiovascular devices: a study in two bileaflet MHV designs},\\r\\n journal = {J. Biomech},\\r\\n volume = {43},\\r\\n issue = {12},\\r\\n pages = {2400-2409},\\r\\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Xenos_2010_DTE.pdf},\\r\\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.04.020},\\r\\n abstract = {Patients who receive prosthetic heart valve (PHV) implants require mandatory anticoagulation medication after implantation due to the thrombogenic potential of the valve. Optimization of PHV designs may facilitate reduction of flow-induced thrombogenicity and reduce or eliminate the need for post-implant anticoagulants. We present a methodology entitled Device Thrombogenicty Emulator (DTE) for optimizing the thrombo-resistance performance of PHV by combining numerical and experimental approaches. Two bileaflet mechanical heart valves (MHV) designs, St. Jude Medical (SJM) and ATS, were investigated by studying the effect of distinct flow phases on platelet activation. Transient turbulent and direct numerical simulations (DNS) were conducted, and stress loading histories experienced by the platelets were calculated along flow trajectories. The numerical simulations indicated distinct design dependent differences between the two valves. The stress loading waveforms extracted from the numerical simulations were programmed into a hemodynamic shearing device (HSD), emulating the flow conditions past the valves in distinct 'hot-spot' flow regions that are implicated in MHV thrombogenicity. The resultant platelet activity was measured with a modified prothrombinase assay, and was found to be significantly higher in the SJM valve, mostly during the regurgitation phase. The experimental results were in excellent agreement with the calculated platelet activation potential. This establishes the utility of the DTE methodology for serving as a test bed for evaluating design modifications for achieving better thrombogenic performance for such devices.},\\r\\n project = {mhvsimulation},\\r\\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Xenos, M.\",\"Girdhar, G.\",\"Alemu, Y.\",\"Jesty, J.\",\"Slepian, M. J.\",\"Einav, S.\",\"Bluestein, D.\"],\"key\":\"z44\",\"id\":\"z44\",\"bibbaseid\":\"xenos-girdhar-alemu-jesty-slepian-einav-bluestein-devicethrombogenicityemulatordtedesignoptimizationmethodologyforcardiovasculardevicesastudyintwobileafletmhvdesigns-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" paper\":\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Xenos_2010_DTE.pdf\",\" link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.04.020\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"bluestein, d\":\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Alemu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Y.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bluestein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2007\",\"title\":\"Flow-induced Platelet Activation and Damage Accumulation in a Mechanical Heart Valve - Numerical Studies\",\"journal\":\"Artif Organs\",\"volume\":\"31\",\"issue\":\"9\",\"pages\":\"677-688\",\"url_paper\":\"/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2007_platelet_damage_accumulation_MHV.pdf\",\"url_link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00446.x\",\"abstract\":\"A model for platelet activation based on the theory of damage, incorporating cumulative effects of stress history and past damage (senescence) was applied to a three-dimensional (3-D) model of blood flow through a St. Jude Medical (SJM) bileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV), simulating flow conditions after implantation. The calculations used unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation with non-Newtonian blood properties. The results were used to predict platelet damage from total stress (shear, turbulent, deformation), and incorporate the contribution of repeated passages of the platelets along pertinent trajectories. Trajectories that exposed the platelets to elevated levels of stress around the MHV leaflets and led them to entrapment within the complex 3-D vortical structures in the wake of the valve significantly enhanced platelet activation. This damage accumulation model can be used to quantify the thrombogenic potential of implantable cardiovascular devices, and indicate the problem areas of the device for improving their designs.\",\"project\":\"mhvsimulation\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{z59,\\r\\n author = {Alemu, Y. and Bluestein, D.},\\r\\n year = {2007},\\r\\n title = {Flow-induced Platelet Activation and Damage Accumulation in a Mechanical Heart Valve - Numerical Studies},\\r\\n journal = {Artif Organs},\\r\\n volume = {31},\\r\\n issue = {9},\\r\\n pages = {677-688},\\r\\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2007_platelet_damage_accumulation_MHV.pdf},\\r\\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00446.x},\\r\\n abstract = {A model for platelet activation based on the theory of damage, incorporating cumulative effects of stress history and past damage (senescence) was applied to a three-dimensional (3-D) model of blood flow through a St. Jude Medical (SJM) bileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV), simulating flow conditions after implantation. The calculations used unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation with non-Newtonian blood properties. The results were used to predict platelet damage from total stress (shear, turbulent, deformation), and incorporate the contribution of repeated passages of the platelets along pertinent trajectories. Trajectories that exposed the platelets to elevated levels of stress around the MHV leaflets and led them to entrapment within the complex 3-D vortical structures in the wake of the valve significantly enhanced platelet activation. This damage accumulation model can be used to quantify the thrombogenic potential of implantable cardiovascular devices, and indicate the problem areas of the device for improving their designs.},\\r\\n project = {mhvsimulation},\\r\\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Alemu, Y.\",\"Bluestein, D.\"],\"key\":\"z59\",\"id\":\"z59\",\"bibbaseid\":\"alemu-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationanddamageaccumulationinamechanicalheartvalvenumericalstudies-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" paper\":\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2007_platelet_damage_accumulation_MHV.pdf\",\" link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00446.x\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"bluestein, d\":\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dumont\"],\"firstnames\":[\"K.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Vierendeels\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kaminsky\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[\"van\"],\"lastnames\":[\"Nooten\"],\"firstnames\":[\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Verdonck\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bluestein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2007\",\"title\":\"Comparison of the Hemodynamic and Thrombogenic Performance of Two Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves using a CFD/FSI\",\"journal\":\"J. Biomech. Eng\",\"volume\":\"129\",\"issue\":\"4\",\"pages\":\"558-565\",\"url_link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2746378\",\"url_paper\":\"/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Dumont_2007_comparison_bileaflet_MHVs_CFD_FSI.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"The hemodynamic and the thrombogenic performance of two commercially available bileaflet mechanical heart valves (MHVs)–the ATS Open Pivot Valve (ATS) and the St. Jude Regent Valve (SJM), was compared using a state of the art computational fluid dynamics-fluid structure interaction (CFD-FSI) methodology. A transient simulation of the ATS and SJM valves was conducted in a three-dimensional model geometry of a straight conduit with sudden expansion distal the valves, including the valve housing and detailed hinge geometry. An aortic flow waveform (60 beats/min, cardiac output 4 l/min) was applied at the inlet. The FSI formulation utilized a fully implicit coupling procedure using a separate solver for the fluid problem (FLUENT) and for the structural problem. Valve leaflet excursion and pressure differences were calculated, as well as shear stress on the leaflets and accumulated shear stress on particles released during both forward and backward flow phases through the open and closed valve, respectively. In contrast to the SJM, the ATS valve opened to less than maximal opening angle. Nevertheless, maximal and mean pressure gradients and velocity patterns through the valve orifices were comparable. Platelet stress accumulation during forward flow indicated that no platelets experienced a stress accumulation higher than 35 dyne x s/cm2, the threshold for platelet activation (Hellums criterion). However, during the regurgitation flow phase, 0.81% of the platelets in the SJM valve experienced a stress accumulation higher than 35 dyne x s/cm2, compared with 0.63% for the ATS valve. The numerical results indicate that the designs of the ATS and SJM valves, which differ mostly in their hinge mechanism, lead to different potential for platelet activation, especially during the regurgitation phase. This numerical methodology can be used to assess the effects of design parameters on the flow induced thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating devices.\",\"project\":\"mhvsimulation\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{z60,\\r\\n author = {Dumont, K. and Vierendeels, J. and Kaminsky, R. and van Nooten, G. and Verdonck, P. and Bluestein, D.},\\r\\n year = {2007},\\r\\n title = {Comparison of the Hemodynamic and Thrombogenic Performance of Two Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves using a CFD/FSI},\\r\\n journal = {J. Biomech. Eng},\\r\\n volume = {129},\\r\\n issue = {4},\\r\\n pages = {558-565},\\r\\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2746378},\\r\\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Dumont_2007_comparison_bileaflet_MHVs_CFD_FSI.pdf},\\r\\n abstract = {The hemodynamic and the thrombogenic performance of two commercially available bileaflet mechanical heart valves (MHVs)--the ATS Open Pivot Valve (ATS) and the St. Jude Regent Valve (SJM), was compared using a state of the art computational fluid dynamics-fluid structure interaction (CFD-FSI) methodology. A transient simulation of the ATS and SJM valves was conducted in a three-dimensional model geometry of a straight conduit with sudden expansion distal the valves, including the valve housing and detailed hinge geometry. An aortic flow waveform (60 beats/min, cardiac output 4 l/min) was applied at the inlet. The FSI formulation utilized a fully implicit coupling procedure using a separate solver for the fluid problem (FLUENT) and for the structural problem. Valve leaflet excursion and pressure differences were calculated, as well as shear stress on the leaflets and accumulated shear stress on particles released during both forward and backward flow phases through the open and closed valve, respectively. In contrast to the SJM, the ATS valve opened to less than maximal opening angle. Nevertheless, maximal and mean pressure gradients and velocity patterns through the valve orifices were comparable. Platelet stress accumulation during forward flow indicated that no platelets experienced a stress accumulation higher than 35 dyne x s/cm2, the threshold for platelet activation (Hellums criterion). However, during the regurgitation flow phase, 0.81% of the platelets in the SJM valve experienced a stress accumulation higher than 35 dyne x s/cm2, compared with 0.63% for the ATS valve. The numerical results indicate that the designs of the ATS and SJM valves, which differ mostly in their hinge mechanism, lead to different potential for platelet activation, especially during the regurgitation phase. This numerical methodology can be used to assess the effects of design parameters on the flow induced thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating devices.},\\r\\n project = {mhvsimulation},\\r\\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dumont, K.\",\"Vierendeels, J.\",\"Kaminsky, R.\",\"van Nooten, G.\",\"Verdonck, P.\",\"Bluestein, D.\"],\"key\":\"z60\",\"id\":\"z60\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dumont-vierendeels-kaminsky-vannooten-verdonck-bluestein-comparisonofthehemodynamicandthrombogenicperformanceoftwobileafletmechanicalheartvalvesusingacfdfsi-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2746378\",\" paper\":\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Dumont_2007_comparison_bileaflet_MHVs_CFD_FSI.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"bluestein, d\":\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bluestein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2006\",\"title\":\"Towards optimization of the thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating cardiovascular devices using modeling approaches\",\"journal\":\"Expert Rev Med Devices\",\"volume\":\"3\",\"issue\":\"3\",\"pages\":\"267-270\",\"url_paper\":\"/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Bluestein_2006_optimization_modeling_cardiovascular_devices.pdf\",\"url_link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1586/17434440.3.3.267\",\"project\":\"mhvsimulation\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{z63,\\r\\n author = {Bluestein, D.},\\r\\n year = {2006},\\r\\n title = {Towards optimization of the thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating cardiovascular devices using modeling approaches},\\r\\n journal = {Expert Rev Med Devices},\\r\\n volume = {3},\\r\\n issue = {3},\\r\\n pages = {267-270},\\r\\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Bluestein_2006_optimization_modeling_cardiovascular_devices.pdf},\\r\\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1586/17434440.3.3.267},\\r\\n project = {mhvsimulation},\\r\\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bluestein, D.\"],\"key\":\"z63\",\"id\":\"z63\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bluestein-towardsoptimizationofthethrombogenicpotentialofbloodrecirculatingcardiovasculardevicesusingmodelingapproaches-2006\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" paper\":\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Bluestein_2006_optimization_modeling_cardiovascular_devices.pdf\",\" link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1586/17434440.3.3.267\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"bluestein, d\":\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Alemu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Y.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Affeld\"],\"firstnames\":[\"K.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jesty\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bluestein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2004\",\"title\":\"Flow-induced platelet activation in bileaflet and monoleaflet mechanical heart valves\",\"journal\":\"Ann Biomed Eng\",\"volume\":\"32\",\"issue\":\"8\",\"pages\":\"1058-1066\",\"url_paper\":\"/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Yin_2004_activation_bileaflet_monoleaflet_MHVs.pdf\",\"url_link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1114/B:ABME.0000036642.21895.3f\",\"abstract\":\"A study was conducted to measure in vitro the procoagulant properties of platelets induced by flow through Carbomedics bileaflet and Bjork-Shiley monoleaflet mechanical heart valves (MHVs). Valves were mounted in a left ventricular assist device, and platelets were circulated through them under pulsatile flow. Platelet activation states (PAS) were measured during circulation using a modified prothrombinase method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of turbulent, transient, and non-Newtonian blood flow patterns generated by the two valve designs were done using the Wilcox k - w turbulence model, and platelet shear-stress histories (the integral of shear-stress exposure with respect to time) through the two MHVs were calculated. PAS measurements indicated that the bileaflet MHV activated platelets at a rate more than twice that observed with the monoleaflet MHV. Turbulent flow patterns were evident in CFD simulations for both valves, and corroborated the PAS observations, showing that, for particles close to the leaflet(s), shear-stress exposure in the bileaflet MHV can be more than four times that in the monoleaflet valve.\",\"project\":\"phvexperiments and mhvsimulation\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{z70,\\r\\n author = {Yin, W. and Alemu, Y. and Affeld, K. and Jesty, J. and Bluestein, D.},\\r\\n year = {2004},\\r\\n title = {Flow-induced platelet activation in bileaflet and monoleaflet mechanical heart valves},\\r\\n journal = {Ann Biomed Eng},\\r\\n volume = {32},\\r\\n issue = {8},\\r\\n pages = {1058-1066},\\r\\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Yin_2004_activation_bileaflet_monoleaflet_MHVs.pdf},\\r\\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1114/B:ABME.0000036642.21895.3f},\\r\\n abstract = {A study was conducted to measure in vitro the procoagulant properties of platelets induced by flow through Carbomedics bileaflet and Bjork-Shiley monoleaflet mechanical heart valves (MHVs). Valves were mounted in a left ventricular assist device, and platelets were circulated through them under pulsatile flow. Platelet activation states (PAS) were measured during circulation using a modified prothrombinase method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of turbulent, transient, and non-Newtonian blood flow patterns generated by the two valve designs were done using the Wilcox k - w turbulence model, and platelet shear-stress histories (the integral of shear-stress exposure with respect to time) through the two MHVs were calculated. PAS measurements indicated that the bileaflet MHV activated platelets at a rate more than twice that observed with the monoleaflet MHV. Turbulent flow patterns were evident in CFD simulations for both valves, and corroborated the PAS observations, showing that, for particles close to the leaflet(s), shear-stress exposure in the bileaflet MHV can be more than four times that in the monoleaflet valve.},\\r\\n project = {phvexperiments and mhvsimulation},\\r\\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yin, W.\",\"Alemu, Y.\",\"Affeld, K.\",\"Jesty, J.\",\"Bluestein, D.\"],\"key\":\"z70\",\"id\":\"z70\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yin-alemu-affeld-jesty-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationinbileafletandmonoleafletmechanicalheartvalves-2004\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" paper\":\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Yin_2004_activation_bileaflet_monoleaflet_MHVs.pdf\",\" link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1114/B:ABME.0000036642.21895.3f\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"bluestein, d\":\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"owner\":\"bluestein, d\",\"authorlinks\":{\"bluestein, d\":\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\"}},\n      ownerID: \"wKAGsoDaMFyBnYpDG\"\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing and then restoring');\n    site$ = $;\n    $ = null;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  if (site$) {\n    console.log('existing jquery: avoiding conflict and restoring');\n    bb$ = $.noConflict(true);\n    $ = site$;\n  } else {\n    bb$ = $;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"//bibbase.org/js/bibbase.min.js\"\n          type=\"text/javascript\">\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\"\n          src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/x-mathjax-config\">\n    MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\\\(','\\\\)']]},\n                        skipTags: [\"body\"],\n                        processClass: \"bibbase_paper\"});\n  </script>\n\n  <style>\n  @media print {\n    .dontprint {\n        display: none !important;\n    }\n\n  .bibbase_group {\n    background-color: #E0E0E0;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: larger;\n    text-shadow: 0px 0px 3px #FFFFFF;\n    border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -webkit-border-radius: 4px;\n    padding: 5px 40px 5px;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n  }\n\n  .bibbase_paper {\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n  }\n\n  }\n  </style>\n\n  \n  <div style=\"float: right; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: right; font-size: 12px\">\n    generated by\n    <a href=\"//bibbase.org\"\n       onclick=\"trackOutboundLink('bibbase', 'logo clicked', window.location.href, '//bibbase.org'); return false;\">\n      <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/logo.svg\"\n           style=\"vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 3px; height: 16px;\"/\n           alt=\"bibbase.org\"\n           title=\"BibBase – The easiest way to maintain your publications page.\"\n        ></a>\n    \n  </div>\n  \n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_header\" class=\"dontprint\" style=\"\">\n\n    <ul class=\"nav nav-pills\" style=\"margin: 0px;\">\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"groupby_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\">\n          Group by\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li class=\"groupby year\"><a onclick=\"groupby('year')\">\n            Year</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby author\"><a onclick=\"groupby('author_short')\">\n            Author</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby type\"><a onclick=\"groupby('type')\">\n            Type</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby keyword\"><a onclick=\"groupby('keyword')\">\n            Keyword</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby downloads\"><a onclick=\"groupby('downloads')\">\n            Downloads</a>\n        </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"menu_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\" alt=\"controls\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-reorder\" alt=\"controls\"></i>\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li>\n          <a onclick=\"toggleAll()\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-chevron-down fa-fw\"></i> Expand/Collapse All\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a download=\"Publications-database.bib\" href=\"data:text/bibtex;base64,@article{z42,
 author = {Alemu, Y. and Girdhar, G. and Xenos, M. and Sheriff, J. and Jesty, J. and Einav, S. and Bluestein, D.},
 year = {2010},
 title = {Design Optimization of a mechanical heart valve for reducing valve thrombogenicity - a case study with ATS valve},
 journal = {ASAIO J},
 volume = {56},
 issue = {5},
 pages = {389-396},
 url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2010_design_optimization_MHV.pdf},
 url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181e65bf9},
 abstract = {Patients implanted with mechanical heart valves (MHV) or with ventricular assist devices that use MHV require mandatory lifelong anticoagulation for secondary stroke prevention. We recently developed a novel Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) methodology that interfaces numerical and experimental approaches to optimize the thrombogenic performance of the device and reduce the bleeding risk associated with anticoagulation therapy. Device Thrombogenicity Emulator uses stress-loading waveforms in pertinent platelet flow trajectories that are extracted from highly resolved numerical simulations and emulates these flow conditions in a programmable hemodynamic shearing device (HSD) by which platelet activity is measured. We have previously compared two MHV, ATS and the St. Jude Medical, and demonstrated that owing to its nonrecessed hinge design, the ATS valve offers improved thrombogenic performance. In this study, we further optimize the ATS valve thrombogenic performance, by modifying various design features of the valve, intended to achieve reduced thrombogenicity: 1) optimizing the leaflet-housing gap clearance; 2) increasing the effective maximum opening angle of the valve; and 3) introducing a streamlined channel between the leaflet stops of the valve that increases the effective flow area. We have demonstrated that the DTE optimization methodology can be used as test bed for developing devices with significantly improved thombogenic performance.},
 project = {mhvsimulation},
 type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}
}



@article{z44,
 author = {Xenos, M. and Girdhar, G. and Alemu, Y. and Jesty, J. and Slepian, M. J. and Einav, S. and Bluestein, D.},
 year = {2010},
 title = {Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) - design optimization methodology for cardiovascular devices: a study in two bileaflet MHV designs},
 journal = {J. Biomech},
 volume = {43},
 issue = {12},
 pages = {2400-2409},
 url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Xenos_2010_DTE.pdf},
 url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.04.020},
 abstract = {Patients who receive prosthetic heart valve (PHV) implants require mandatory anticoagulation medication after implantation due to the thrombogenic potential of the valve. Optimization of PHV designs may facilitate reduction of flow-induced thrombogenicity and reduce or eliminate the need for post-implant anticoagulants. We present a methodology entitled Device Thrombogenicty Emulator (DTE) for optimizing the thrombo-resistance performance of PHV by combining numerical and experimental approaches. Two bileaflet mechanical heart valves (MHV) designs, St. Jude Medical (SJM) and ATS, were investigated by studying the effect of distinct flow phases on platelet activation. Transient turbulent and direct numerical simulations (DNS) were conducted, and stress loading histories experienced by the platelets were calculated along flow trajectories. The numerical simulations indicated distinct design dependent differences between the two valves. The stress loading waveforms extracted from the numerical simulations were programmed into a hemodynamic shearing device (HSD), emulating the flow conditions past the valves in distinct 'hot-spot' flow regions that are implicated in MHV thrombogenicity. The resultant platelet activity was measured with a modified prothrombinase assay, and was found to be significantly higher in the SJM valve, mostly during the regurgitation phase. The experimental results were in excellent agreement with the calculated platelet activation potential. This establishes the utility of the DTE methodology for serving as a test bed for evaluating design modifications for achieving better thrombogenic performance for such devices.},
 project = {mhvsimulation},
 type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}
}



@article{z59,
 author = {Alemu, Y. and Bluestein, D.},
 year = {2007},
 title = {Flow-induced Platelet Activation and Damage Accumulation in a Mechanical Heart Valve - Numerical Studies},
 journal = {Artif Organs},
 volume = {31},
 issue = {9},
 pages = {677-688},
 url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2007_platelet_damage_accumulation_MHV.pdf},
 url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00446.x},
 abstract = {A model for platelet activation based on the theory of damage, incorporating cumulative effects of stress history and past damage (senescence) was applied to a three-dimensional (3-D) model of blood flow through a St. Jude Medical (SJM) bileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV), simulating flow conditions after implantation. The calculations used unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation with non-Newtonian blood properties. The results were used to predict platelet damage from total stress (shear, turbulent, deformation), and incorporate the contribution of repeated passages of the platelets along pertinent trajectories. Trajectories that exposed the platelets to elevated levels of stress around the MHV leaflets and led them to entrapment within the complex 3-D vortical structures in the wake of the valve significantly enhanced platelet activation. This damage accumulation model can be used to quantify the thrombogenic potential of implantable cardiovascular devices, and indicate the problem areas of the device for improving their designs.},
 project = {mhvsimulation},
 type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}
}



@article{z60,
 author = {Dumont, K. and Vierendeels, J. and Kaminsky, R. and van Nooten, G. and Verdonck, P. and Bluestein, D.},
 year = {2007},
 title = {Comparison of the Hemodynamic and Thrombogenic Performance of Two Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves using a CFD/FSI},
 journal = {J. Biomech. Eng},
 volume = {129},
 issue = {4},
 pages = {558-565},
 url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2746378},
 url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Dumont_2007_comparison_bileaflet_MHVs_CFD_FSI.pdf},
 abstract = {The hemodynamic and the thrombogenic performance of two commercially available bileaflet mechanical heart valves (MHVs)--the ATS Open Pivot Valve (ATS) and the St. Jude Regent Valve (SJM), was compared using a state of the art computational fluid dynamics-fluid structure interaction (CFD-FSI) methodology. A transient simulation of the ATS and SJM valves was conducted in a three-dimensional model geometry of a straight conduit with sudden expansion distal the valves, including the valve housing and detailed hinge geometry. An aortic flow waveform (60 beats/min, cardiac output 4 l/min) was applied at the inlet. The FSI formulation utilized a fully implicit coupling procedure using a separate solver for the fluid problem (FLUENT) and for the structural problem. Valve leaflet excursion and pressure differences were calculated, as well as shear stress on the leaflets and accumulated shear stress on particles released during both forward and backward flow phases through the open and closed valve, respectively. In contrast to the SJM, the ATS valve opened to less than maximal opening angle. Nevertheless, maximal and mean pressure gradients and velocity patterns through the valve orifices were comparable. Platelet stress accumulation during forward flow indicated that no platelets experienced a stress accumulation higher than 35 dyne x s/cm2, the threshold for platelet activation (Hellums criterion). However, during the regurgitation flow phase, 0.81% of the platelets in the SJM valve experienced a stress accumulation higher than 35 dyne x s/cm2, compared with 0.63% for the ATS valve. The numerical results indicate that the designs of the ATS and SJM valves, which differ mostly in their hinge mechanism, lead to different potential for platelet activation, especially during the regurgitation phase. This numerical methodology can be used to assess the effects of design parameters on the flow induced thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating devices.},
 project = {mhvsimulation},
 type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}
}



@article{z63,
 author = {Bluestein, D.},
 year = {2006},
 title = {Towards optimization of the thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating cardiovascular devices using modeling approaches},
 journal = {Expert Rev Med Devices},
 volume = {3},
 issue = {3},
 pages = {267-270},
 url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Bluestein_2006_optimization_modeling_cardiovascular_devices.pdf},
 url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1586/17434440.3.3.267},
 project = {mhvsimulation},
 type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}
}



@article{z70,
 author = {Yin, W. and Alemu, Y. and Affeld, K. and Jesty, J. and Bluestein, D.},
 year = {2004},
 title = {Flow-induced platelet activation in bileaflet and monoleaflet mechanical heart valves},
 journal = {Ann Biomed Eng},
 volume = {32},
 issue = {8},
 pages = {1058-1066},
 url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Yin_2004_activation_bileaflet_monoleaflet_MHVs.pdf},
 url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1114/B:ABME.0000036642.21895.3f},
 abstract = {A study was conducted to measure in vitro the procoagulant properties of platelets induced by flow through Carbomedics bileaflet and Bjork-Shiley monoleaflet mechanical heart valves (MHVs). Valves were mounted in a left ventricular assist device, and platelets were circulated through them under pulsatile flow. Platelet activation states (PAS) were measured during circulation using a modified prothrombinase method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of turbulent, transient, and non-Newtonian blood flow patterns generated by the two valve designs were done using the Wilcox k - w turbulence model, and platelet shear-stress histories (the integral of shear-stress exposure with respect to time) through the two MHVs were calculated. PAS measurements indicated that the bileaflet MHV activated platelets at a rate more than twice that observed with the monoleaflet MHV. Turbulent flow patterns were evident in CFD simulations for both valves, and corroborated the PAS observations, showing that, for particles close to the leaflet(s), shear-stress exposure in the bileaflet MHV can be more than four times that in the monoleaflet valve.},
 project = {phvexperiments and mhvsimulation},
 type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}
}

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Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (6)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"alemu-girdhar-xenos-sheriff-jesty-einav-bluestein-designoptimizationofamechanicalheartvalveforreducingvalvethrombogenicityacasestudywithatsvalve-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Alemu, Y.; Girdhar, G.; Xenos, M.; Sheriff, J.; Jesty, J.; Einav, S.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\">Bluestein, D.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2010_design_optimization_MHV.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'alemu-girdhar-xenos-sheriff-jesty-einav-bluestein-designoptimizationofamechanicalheartvalveforreducingvalvethrombogenicityacasestudywithatsvalve-2010', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2010_design_optimization_MHV.pdf', event);\">\n    Design Optimization of a mechanical heart valve for reducing valve thrombogenicity - a case study with ATS valve.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>ASAIO J</i>, 56: 389-396.  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2010_design_optimization_MHV.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('alemu-girdhar-xenos-sheriff-jesty-einav-bluestein-designoptimizationofamechanicalheartvalveforreducingvalvethrombogenicityacasestudywithatsvalve-2010', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2010_design_optimization_MHV.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Design Optimization of a mechanical heart valve for reducing valve thrombogenicity - a case study with ATS valve [pdf]\"\n       title=\" paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181e65bf9\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('alemu-girdhar-xenos-sheriff-jesty-einav-bluestein-designoptimizationofamechanicalheartvalveforreducingvalvethrombogenicityacasestudywithatsvalve-2010', 'https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181e65bf9', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Design Optimization of a mechanical heart valve for reducing valve thrombogenicity - a case study with ATS valve [link]\"\n       title=\" link\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> link</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/alemu-girdhar-xenos-sheriff-jesty-einav-bluestein-designoptimizationofamechanicalheartvalveforreducingvalvethrombogenicityacasestudywithatsvalve-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('alemu-girdhar-xenos-sheriff-jesty-einav-bluestein-designoptimizationofamechanicalheartvalveforreducingvalvethrombogenicityacasestudywithatsvalve-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{z42,\r\n author = {Alemu, Y. and Girdhar, G. and Xenos, M. and Sheriff, J. and Jesty, J. and Einav, S. and Bluestein, D.},\r\n year = {2010},\r\n title = {Design Optimization of a mechanical heart valve for reducing valve thrombogenicity - a case study with ATS valve},\r\n journal = {ASAIO J},\r\n volume = {56},\r\n issue = {5},\r\n pages = {389-396},\r\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2010_design_optimization_MHV.pdf},\r\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181e65bf9},\r\n abstract = {Patients implanted with mechanical heart valves (MHV) or with ventricular assist devices that use MHV require mandatory lifelong anticoagulation for secondary stroke prevention. We recently developed a novel Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) methodology that interfaces numerical and experimental approaches to optimize the thrombogenic performance of the device and reduce the bleeding risk associated with anticoagulation therapy. Device Thrombogenicity Emulator uses stress-loading waveforms in pertinent platelet flow trajectories that are extracted from highly resolved numerical simulations and emulates these flow conditions in a programmable hemodynamic shearing device (HSD) by which platelet activity is measured. We have previously compared two MHV, ATS and the St. Jude Medical, and demonstrated that owing to its nonrecessed hinge design, the ATS valve offers improved thrombogenic performance. In this study, we further optimize the ATS valve thrombogenic performance, by modifying various design features of the valve, intended to achieve reduced thrombogenicity: 1) optimizing the leaflet-housing gap clearance; 2) increasing the effective maximum opening angle of the valve; and 3) introducing a streamlined channel between the leaflet stops of the valve that increases the effective flow area. We have demonstrated that the DTE optimization methodology can be used as test bed for developing devices with significantly improved thombogenic performance.},\r\n project = {mhvsimulation},\r\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\r\n}\r\n\r\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Patients implanted with mechanical heart valves (MHV) or with ventricular assist devices that use MHV require mandatory lifelong anticoagulation for secondary stroke prevention. We recently developed a novel Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) methodology that interfaces numerical and experimental approaches to optimize the thrombogenic performance of the device and reduce the bleeding risk associated with anticoagulation therapy. Device Thrombogenicity Emulator uses stress-loading waveforms in pertinent platelet flow trajectories that are extracted from highly resolved numerical simulations and emulates these flow conditions in a programmable hemodynamic shearing device (HSD) by which platelet activity is measured. We have previously compared two MHV, ATS and the St. Jude Medical, and demonstrated that owing to its nonrecessed hinge design, the ATS valve offers improved thrombogenic performance. In this study, we further optimize the ATS valve thrombogenic performance, by modifying various design features of the valve, intended to achieve reduced thrombogenicity: 1) optimizing the leaflet-housing gap clearance; 2) increasing the effective maximum opening angle of the valve; and 3) introducing a streamlined channel between the leaflet stops of the valve that increases the effective flow area. We have demonstrated that the DTE optimization methodology can be used as test bed for developing devices with significantly improved thombogenic performance.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"xenos-girdhar-alemu-jesty-slepian-einav-bluestein-devicethrombogenicityemulatordtedesignoptimizationmethodologyforcardiovasculardevicesastudyintwobileafletmhvdesigns-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Xenos, M.; Girdhar, G.; Alemu, Y.; Jesty, J.; Slepian, M. J.; Einav, S.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\">Bluestein, D.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Xenos_2010_DTE.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'xenos-girdhar-alemu-jesty-slepian-einav-bluestein-devicethrombogenicityemulatordtedesignoptimizationmethodologyforcardiovasculardevicesastudyintwobileafletmhvdesigns-2010', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Xenos_2010_DTE.pdf', event);\">\n    Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) - design optimization methodology for cardiovascular devices: a study in two bileaflet MHV designs.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>J. Biomech</i>, 43: 2400-2409.  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Xenos_2010_DTE.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('xenos-girdhar-alemu-jesty-slepian-einav-bluestein-devicethrombogenicityemulatordtedesignoptimizationmethodologyforcardiovasculardevicesastudyintwobileafletmhvdesigns-2010', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Xenos_2010_DTE.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) - design optimization methodology for cardiovascular devices: a study in two bileaflet MHV designs [pdf]\"\n       title=\" paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.04.020\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('xenos-girdhar-alemu-jesty-slepian-einav-bluestein-devicethrombogenicityemulatordtedesignoptimizationmethodologyforcardiovasculardevicesastudyintwobileafletmhvdesigns-2010', 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.04.020', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) - design optimization methodology for cardiovascular devices: a study in two bileaflet MHV designs [link]\"\n       title=\" link\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> link</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/xenos-girdhar-alemu-jesty-slepian-einav-bluestein-devicethrombogenicityemulatordtedesignoptimizationmethodologyforcardiovasculardevicesastudyintwobileafletmhvdesigns-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('xenos-girdhar-alemu-jesty-slepian-einav-bluestein-devicethrombogenicityemulatordtedesignoptimizationmethodologyforcardiovasculardevicesastudyintwobileafletmhvdesigns-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{z44,\r\n author = {Xenos, M. and Girdhar, G. and Alemu, Y. and Jesty, J. and Slepian, M. J. and Einav, S. and Bluestein, D.},\r\n year = {2010},\r\n title = {Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) - design optimization methodology for cardiovascular devices: a study in two bileaflet MHV designs},\r\n journal = {J. Biomech},\r\n volume = {43},\r\n issue = {12},\r\n pages = {2400-2409},\r\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Xenos_2010_DTE.pdf},\r\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.04.020},\r\n abstract = {Patients who receive prosthetic heart valve (PHV) implants require mandatory anticoagulation medication after implantation due to the thrombogenic potential of the valve. Optimization of PHV designs may facilitate reduction of flow-induced thrombogenicity and reduce or eliminate the need for post-implant anticoagulants. We present a methodology entitled Device Thrombogenicty Emulator (DTE) for optimizing the thrombo-resistance performance of PHV by combining numerical and experimental approaches. Two bileaflet mechanical heart valves (MHV) designs, St. Jude Medical (SJM) and ATS, were investigated by studying the effect of distinct flow phases on platelet activation. Transient turbulent and direct numerical simulations (DNS) were conducted, and stress loading histories experienced by the platelets were calculated along flow trajectories. The numerical simulations indicated distinct design dependent differences between the two valves. The stress loading waveforms extracted from the numerical simulations were programmed into a hemodynamic shearing device (HSD), emulating the flow conditions past the valves in distinct &#x27;hot-spot&#x27; flow regions that are implicated in MHV thrombogenicity. The resultant platelet activity was measured with a modified prothrombinase assay, and was found to be significantly higher in the SJM valve, mostly during the regurgitation phase. The experimental results were in excellent agreement with the calculated platelet activation potential. This establishes the utility of the DTE methodology for serving as a test bed for evaluating design modifications for achieving better thrombogenic performance for such devices.},\r\n project = {mhvsimulation},\r\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\r\n}\r\n\r\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Patients who receive prosthetic heart valve (PHV) implants require mandatory anticoagulation medication after implantation due to the thrombogenic potential of the valve. Optimization of PHV designs may facilitate reduction of flow-induced thrombogenicity and reduce or eliminate the need for post-implant anticoagulants. We present a methodology entitled Device Thrombogenicty Emulator (DTE) for optimizing the thrombo-resistance performance of PHV by combining numerical and experimental approaches. Two bileaflet mechanical heart valves (MHV) designs, St. Jude Medical (SJM) and ATS, were investigated by studying the effect of distinct flow phases on platelet activation. Transient turbulent and direct numerical simulations (DNS) were conducted, and stress loading histories experienced by the platelets were calculated along flow trajectories. The numerical simulations indicated distinct design dependent differences between the two valves. The stress loading waveforms extracted from the numerical simulations were programmed into a hemodynamic shearing device (HSD), emulating the flow conditions past the valves in distinct 'hot-spot' flow regions that are implicated in MHV thrombogenicity. The resultant platelet activity was measured with a modified prothrombinase assay, and was found to be significantly higher in the SJM valve, mostly during the regurgitation phase. The experimental results were in excellent agreement with the calculated platelet activation potential. This establishes the utility of the DTE methodology for serving as a test bed for evaluating design modifications for achieving better thrombogenic performance for such devices.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"alemu-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationanddamageaccumulationinamechanicalheartvalvenumericalstudies-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Alemu, Y.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\">Bluestein, D.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2007_platelet_damage_accumulation_MHV.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'alemu-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationanddamageaccumulationinamechanicalheartvalvenumericalstudies-2007', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2007_platelet_damage_accumulation_MHV.pdf', event);\">\n    Flow-induced Platelet Activation and Damage Accumulation in a Mechanical Heart Valve - Numerical Studies.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Artif Organs</i>, 31: 677-688.  2007.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2007_platelet_damage_accumulation_MHV.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('alemu-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationanddamageaccumulationinamechanicalheartvalvenumericalstudies-2007', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2007_platelet_damage_accumulation_MHV.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Flow-induced Platelet Activation and Damage Accumulation in a Mechanical Heart Valve - Numerical Studies [pdf]\"\n       title=\" paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00446.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('alemu-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationanddamageaccumulationinamechanicalheartvalvenumericalstudies-2007', 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00446.x', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Flow-induced Platelet Activation and Damage Accumulation in a Mechanical Heart Valve - Numerical Studies [link]\"\n       title=\" link\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> link</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/alemu-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationanddamageaccumulationinamechanicalheartvalvenumericalstudies-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('alemu-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationanddamageaccumulationinamechanicalheartvalvenumericalstudies-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{z59,\r\n author = {Alemu, Y. and Bluestein, D.},\r\n year = {2007},\r\n title = {Flow-induced Platelet Activation and Damage Accumulation in a Mechanical Heart Valve - Numerical Studies},\r\n journal = {Artif Organs},\r\n volume = {31},\r\n issue = {9},\r\n pages = {677-688},\r\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Alemu_2007_platelet_damage_accumulation_MHV.pdf},\r\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00446.x},\r\n abstract = {A model for platelet activation based on the theory of damage, incorporating cumulative effects of stress history and past damage (senescence) was applied to a three-dimensional (3-D) model of blood flow through a St. Jude Medical (SJM) bileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV), simulating flow conditions after implantation. The calculations used unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation with non-Newtonian blood properties. The results were used to predict platelet damage from total stress (shear, turbulent, deformation), and incorporate the contribution of repeated passages of the platelets along pertinent trajectories. Trajectories that exposed the platelets to elevated levels of stress around the MHV leaflets and led them to entrapment within the complex 3-D vortical structures in the wake of the valve significantly enhanced platelet activation. This damage accumulation model can be used to quantify the thrombogenic potential of implantable cardiovascular devices, and indicate the problem areas of the device for improving their designs.},\r\n project = {mhvsimulation},\r\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\r\n}\r\n\r\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A model for platelet activation based on the theory of damage, incorporating cumulative effects of stress history and past damage (senescence) was applied to a three-dimensional (3-D) model of blood flow through a St. Jude Medical (SJM) bileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV), simulating flow conditions after implantation. The calculations used unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation with non-Newtonian blood properties. The results were used to predict platelet damage from total stress (shear, turbulent, deformation), and incorporate the contribution of repeated passages of the platelets along pertinent trajectories. Trajectories that exposed the platelets to elevated levels of stress around the MHV leaflets and led them to entrapment within the complex 3-D vortical structures in the wake of the valve significantly enhanced platelet activation. This damage accumulation model can be used to quantify the thrombogenic potential of implantable cardiovascular devices, and indicate the problem areas of the device for improving their designs.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dumont-vierendeels-kaminsky-vannooten-verdonck-bluestein-comparisonofthehemodynamicandthrombogenicperformanceoftwobileafletmechanicalheartvalvesusingacfdfsi-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dumont, K.; Vierendeels, J.; Kaminsky, R.; van Nooten, G.; Verdonck, P.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\">Bluestein, D.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Dumont_2007_comparison_bileaflet_MHVs_CFD_FSI.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'dumont-vierendeels-kaminsky-vannooten-verdonck-bluestein-comparisonofthehemodynamicandthrombogenicperformanceoftwobileafletmechanicalheartvalvesusingacfdfsi-2007', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Dumont_2007_comparison_bileaflet_MHVs_CFD_FSI.pdf', event);\">\n    Comparison of the Hemodynamic and Thrombogenic Performance of Two Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves using a CFD/FSI.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>J. Biomech. Eng</i>, 129: 558-565.  2007.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2746378\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dumont-vierendeels-kaminsky-vannooten-verdonck-bluestein-comparisonofthehemodynamicandthrombogenicperformanceoftwobileafletmechanicalheartvalvesusingacfdfsi-2007', 'https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2746378', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Comparison of the Hemodynamic and Thrombogenic Performance of Two Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves using a CFD/FSI [link]\"\n       title=\" link\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> link</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Dumont_2007_comparison_bileaflet_MHVs_CFD_FSI.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dumont-vierendeels-kaminsky-vannooten-verdonck-bluestein-comparisonofthehemodynamicandthrombogenicperformanceoftwobileafletmechanicalheartvalvesusingacfdfsi-2007', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Dumont_2007_comparison_bileaflet_MHVs_CFD_FSI.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Comparison of the Hemodynamic and Thrombogenic Performance of Two Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves using a CFD/FSI [pdf]\"\n       title=\" paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dumont-vierendeels-kaminsky-vannooten-verdonck-bluestein-comparisonofthehemodynamicandthrombogenicperformanceoftwobileafletmechanicalheartvalvesusingacfdfsi-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dumont-vierendeels-kaminsky-vannooten-verdonck-bluestein-comparisonofthehemodynamicandthrombogenicperformanceoftwobileafletmechanicalheartvalvesusingacfdfsi-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{z60,\r\n author = {Dumont, K. and Vierendeels, J. and Kaminsky, R. and van Nooten, G. and Verdonck, P. and Bluestein, D.},\r\n year = {2007},\r\n title = {Comparison of the Hemodynamic and Thrombogenic Performance of Two Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves using a CFD/FSI},\r\n journal = {J. Biomech. Eng},\r\n volume = {129},\r\n issue = {4},\r\n pages = {558-565},\r\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2746378},\r\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Dumont_2007_comparison_bileaflet_MHVs_CFD_FSI.pdf},\r\n abstract = {The hemodynamic and the thrombogenic performance of two commercially available bileaflet mechanical heart valves (MHVs)--the ATS Open Pivot Valve (ATS) and the St. Jude Regent Valve (SJM), was compared using a state of the art computational fluid dynamics-fluid structure interaction (CFD-FSI) methodology. A transient simulation of the ATS and SJM valves was conducted in a three-dimensional model geometry of a straight conduit with sudden expansion distal the valves, including the valve housing and detailed hinge geometry. An aortic flow waveform (60 beats/min, cardiac output 4 l/min) was applied at the inlet. The FSI formulation utilized a fully implicit coupling procedure using a separate solver for the fluid problem (FLUENT) and for the structural problem. Valve leaflet excursion and pressure differences were calculated, as well as shear stress on the leaflets and accumulated shear stress on particles released during both forward and backward flow phases through the open and closed valve, respectively. In contrast to the SJM, the ATS valve opened to less than maximal opening angle. Nevertheless, maximal and mean pressure gradients and velocity patterns through the valve orifices were comparable. Platelet stress accumulation during forward flow indicated that no platelets experienced a stress accumulation higher than 35 dyne x s/cm2, the threshold for platelet activation (Hellums criterion). However, during the regurgitation flow phase, 0.81% of the platelets in the SJM valve experienced a stress accumulation higher than 35 dyne x s/cm2, compared with 0.63% for the ATS valve. The numerical results indicate that the designs of the ATS and SJM valves, which differ mostly in their hinge mechanism, lead to different potential for platelet activation, especially during the regurgitation phase. This numerical methodology can be used to assess the effects of design parameters on the flow induced thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating devices.},\r\n project = {mhvsimulation},\r\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\r\n}\r\n\r\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The hemodynamic and the thrombogenic performance of two commercially available bileaflet mechanical heart valves (MHVs)–the ATS Open Pivot Valve (ATS) and the St. Jude Regent Valve (SJM), was compared using a state of the art computational fluid dynamics-fluid structure interaction (CFD-FSI) methodology. A transient simulation of the ATS and SJM valves was conducted in a three-dimensional model geometry of a straight conduit with sudden expansion distal the valves, including the valve housing and detailed hinge geometry. An aortic flow waveform (60 beats/min, cardiac output 4 l/min) was applied at the inlet. The FSI formulation utilized a fully implicit coupling procedure using a separate solver for the fluid problem (FLUENT) and for the structural problem. Valve leaflet excursion and pressure differences were calculated, as well as shear stress on the leaflets and accumulated shear stress on particles released during both forward and backward flow phases through the open and closed valve, respectively. In contrast to the SJM, the ATS valve opened to less than maximal opening angle. Nevertheless, maximal and mean pressure gradients and velocity patterns through the valve orifices were comparable. Platelet stress accumulation during forward flow indicated that no platelets experienced a stress accumulation higher than 35 dyne x s/cm2, the threshold for platelet activation (Hellums criterion). However, during the regurgitation flow phase, 0.81% of the platelets in the SJM valve experienced a stress accumulation higher than 35 dyne x s/cm2, compared with 0.63% for the ATS valve. The numerical results indicate that the designs of the ATS and SJM valves, which differ mostly in their hinge mechanism, lead to different potential for platelet activation, especially during the regurgitation phase. This numerical methodology can be used to assess the effects of design parameters on the flow induced thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating devices.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bluestein-towardsoptimizationofthethrombogenicpotentialofbloodrecirculatingcardiovasculardevicesusingmodelingapproaches-2006\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\">Bluestein, D.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Bluestein_2006_optimization_modeling_cardiovascular_devices.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bluestein-towardsoptimizationofthethrombogenicpotentialofbloodrecirculatingcardiovasculardevicesusingmodelingapproaches-2006', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Bluestein_2006_optimization_modeling_cardiovascular_devices.pdf', event);\">\n    Towards optimization of the thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating cardiovascular devices using modeling approaches.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Expert Rev Med Devices</i>, 3: 267-270.  2006.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Bluestein_2006_optimization_modeling_cardiovascular_devices.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bluestein-towardsoptimizationofthethrombogenicpotentialofbloodrecirculatingcardiovasculardevicesusingmodelingapproaches-2006', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Bluestein_2006_optimization_modeling_cardiovascular_devices.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Towards optimization of the thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating cardiovascular devices using modeling approaches [pdf]\"\n       title=\" paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1586/17434440.3.3.267\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bluestein-towardsoptimizationofthethrombogenicpotentialofbloodrecirculatingcardiovasculardevicesusingmodelingapproaches-2006', 'https://doi.org/10.1586/17434440.3.3.267', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Towards optimization of the thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating cardiovascular devices using modeling approaches [link]\"\n       title=\" link\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> link</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bluestein-towardsoptimizationofthethrombogenicpotentialofbloodrecirculatingcardiovasculardevicesusingmodelingapproaches-2006\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bluestein-towardsoptimizationofthethrombogenicpotentialofbloodrecirculatingcardiovasculardevicesusingmodelingapproaches-2006')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{z63,\r\n author = {Bluestein, D.},\r\n year = {2006},\r\n title = {Towards optimization of the thrombogenic potential of blood recirculating cardiovascular devices using modeling approaches},\r\n journal = {Expert Rev Med Devices},\r\n volume = {3},\r\n issue = {3},\r\n pages = {267-270},\r\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Bluestein_2006_optimization_modeling_cardiovascular_devices.pdf},\r\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1586/17434440.3.3.267},\r\n project = {mhvsimulation},\r\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\r\n}\r\n\r\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yin-alemu-affeld-jesty-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationinbileafletandmonoleafletmechanicalheartvalves-2004\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yin, W.; Alemu, Y.; Affeld, K.; Jesty, J.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/tavr.html\">Bluestein, D.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Yin_2004_activation_bileaflet_monoleaflet_MHVs.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yin-alemu-affeld-jesty-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationinbileafletandmonoleafletmechanicalheartvalves-2004', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Yin_2004_activation_bileaflet_monoleaflet_MHVs.pdf', event);\">\n    Flow-induced platelet activation in bileaflet and monoleaflet mechanical heart valves.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Ann Biomed Eng</i>, 32: 1058-1066.  2004.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Yin_2004_activation_bileaflet_monoleaflet_MHVs.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yin-alemu-affeld-jesty-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationinbileafletandmonoleafletmechanicalheartvalves-2004', 'http://www.bme.stonybrook.edu/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Yin_2004_activation_bileaflet_monoleaflet_MHVs.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Flow-induced platelet activation in bileaflet and monoleaflet mechanical heart valves [pdf]\"\n       title=\" paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1114/B:ABME.0000036642.21895.3f\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yin-alemu-affeld-jesty-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationinbileafletandmonoleafletmechanicalheartvalves-2004', 'https://doi.org/10.1114/B:ABME.0000036642.21895.3f', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Flow-induced platelet activation in bileaflet and monoleaflet mechanical heart valves [link]\"\n       title=\" link\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> link</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yin-alemu-affeld-jesty-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationinbileafletandmonoleafletmechanicalheartvalves-2004\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yin-alemu-affeld-jesty-bluestein-flowinducedplateletactivationinbileafletandmonoleafletmechanicalheartvalves-2004')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{z70,\r\n author = {Yin, W. and Alemu, Y. and Affeld, K. and Jesty, J. and Bluestein, D.},\r\n year = {2004},\r\n title = {Flow-induced platelet activation in bileaflet and monoleaflet mechanical heart valves},\r\n journal = {Ann Biomed Eng},\r\n volume = {32},\r\n issue = {8},\r\n pages = {1058-1066},\r\n url_Paper={/labs/dbluestein/PDF/Yin_2004_activation_bileaflet_monoleaflet_MHVs.pdf},\r\n url_Link = {https://doi.org/10.1114/B:ABME.0000036642.21895.3f},\r\n abstract = {A study was conducted to measure in vitro the procoagulant properties of platelets induced by flow through Carbomedics bileaflet and Bjork-Shiley monoleaflet mechanical heart valves (MHVs). Valves were mounted in a left ventricular assist device, and platelets were circulated through them under pulsatile flow. Platelet activation states (PAS) were measured during circulation using a modified prothrombinase method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of turbulent, transient, and non-Newtonian blood flow patterns generated by the two valve designs were done using the Wilcox k - w turbulence model, and platelet shear-stress histories (the integral of shear-stress exposure with respect to time) through the two MHVs were calculated. PAS measurements indicated that the bileaflet MHV activated platelets at a rate more than twice that observed with the monoleaflet MHV. Turbulent flow patterns were evident in CFD simulations for both valves, and corroborated the PAS observations, showing that, for particles close to the leaflet(s), shear-stress exposure in the bileaflet MHV can be more than four times that in the monoleaflet valve.},\r\n project = {phvexperiments and mhvsimulation},\r\n type = {1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers}\r\n}\r\n\r\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A study was conducted to measure in vitro the procoagulant properties of platelets induced by flow through Carbomedics bileaflet and Bjork-Shiley monoleaflet mechanical heart valves (MHVs). Valves were mounted in a left ventricular assist device, and platelets were circulated through them under pulsatile flow. Platelet activation states (PAS) were measured during circulation using a modified prothrombinase method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of turbulent, transient, and non-Newtonian blood flow patterns generated by the two valve designs were done using the Wilcox k - w turbulence model, and platelet shear-stress histories (the integral of shear-stress exposure with respect to time) through the two MHVs were calculated. PAS measurements indicated that the bileaflet MHV activated platelets at a rate more than twice that observed with the monoleaflet MHV. Turbulent flow patterns were evident in CFD simulations for both valves, and corroborated the PAS observations, showing that, for particles close to the leaflet(s), shear-stress exposure in the bileaflet MHV can be more than four times that in the monoleaflet valve.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);