var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"bib\":\"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2451548/items?key=ETxlqY6gstXyHoIDbJCT8yVh&format=bibtex&limit=100\",\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"authorFirst\":\"1\",\"theme\":\"side\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\"},\n      data: [{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Blueprint for aligned data exchange for research and public health\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"issn\":\"1067-5027\",\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633601/\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/jamia/ocab210\",\"abstract\":\"Making EHR Data More Available for Research and Public Health (MedMorph) is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-led initiative developing and demonstrating a reference architecture (RA) and implementation, including Health Level Seven International Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR) implementation guides (IGs), describing how to leverage FHIR for aligned research and public health access to clinical data for automated data exchange. MedMorph engaged a technical expert panel of more than 100 members to model representative use cases, develop IGs (architectural and content), align with existing efforts in the FHIR community, and demonstrate the RA in research and public health uses. The RA IG documents common workflows needed to automatically send research data to Research Patient Data Repositories for multiple use cases. Sharing a common RA and canonical data model will improve data sharing for research and public health needs and generate evidence. MedMorph delivers a robust, reusable method to utilize data from electronic health records addressing multiple research and public health needs.\",\"number\":\"12\",\"urldate\":\"2022-01-24\",\"journal\":\"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Michaels\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Maria\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Syed\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sameemuddin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"pmid\":\"34613371\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC8633601\",\"pages\":\"2702–2706\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{michaels_blueprint_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Blueprint for aligned data exchange for research and public health},\\n\\tvolume = {28},\\n\\tissn = {1067-5027},\\n\\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633601/},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/jamia/ocab210},\\n\\tabstract = {Making EHR Data More Available for Research and Public Health (MedMorph) is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-led initiative developing and demonstrating a reference architecture (RA) and implementation, including Health Level Seven International Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR) implementation guides (IGs), describing how to leverage FHIR for aligned research and public health access to clinical data for automated data exchange. MedMorph engaged a technical expert panel of more than 100 members to model representative use cases, develop IGs (architectural and content), align with existing efforts in the FHIR community, and demonstrate the RA in research and public health uses. The RA IG documents common workflows needed to automatically send research data to Research Patient Data Repositories for multiple use cases. Sharing a common RA and canonical data model will improve data sharing for research and public health needs and generate evidence. MedMorph delivers a robust, reusable method to utilize data from electronic health records addressing multiple research and public health needs.},\\n\\tnumber = {12},\\n\\turldate = {2022-01-24},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA},\\n\\tauthor = {Michaels, Maria and Syed, Sameemuddin and Lober, William B},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tpmid = {34613371},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC8633601},\\n\\tpages = {2702--2706},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Michaels, M.\",\"Syed, S.\",\"Lober, W. B\"],\"key\":\"michaels_blueprint_2021\",\"id\":\"michaels_blueprint_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"michaels-syed-lober-blueprintforaligneddataexchangeforresearchandpublichealth-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633601/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"StayHome: A FHIR-Native Mobile COVID-19 Symptom Tracker and Public Health Reporting Tool\",\"volume\":\"13\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"shorttitle\":\"StayHome\",\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075351/\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11462\",\"abstract\":\"As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold and states experience the impacts of reopened economies, it is critical to efficiently manage new outbreaks through widespread testing and monitoring of both new and possible cases. Existing labor-intensive public health workflows may benefit from information collection directly from individuals through patient-reported outcomes (PROs) systems. Our objective was to develop a reusable, mobile-friendly application for collecting PROs and experiences to support COVID-19 symptom self-monitoring and data sharing with appropriate public health agencies, using Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) for interoperability. We conducted a needs assessment and designed and developed StayHome, a mobile PRO administration tool. FHIR serves as the primary data model and driver of business logic. Keycloak, AWS, Docker, and other technologies were used for deployment. Several FHIR modules were used to create a novel “FHIR-native” application design. By leveraging FHIR to shape not only the interface strategy but also the information architecture of the application, StayHome enables the consistent standards-based representation of data and reduces the barrier to integration with public health information systems. FHIR supported rapid application development by providing a domain-appropriate data model and tooling. FHIR modules and implementation guides were referenced in design and implementation. However, there are gaps in the FHIR specification which must be recognized and addressed appropriately. StayHome is live and accessible to the public at https://stayhome.app. The code and resources required to build and deploy the application are available from https://github.com/uwcirg/stayhome-project.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2021-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Burkhardt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hannah\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brandt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pascal\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lee\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jenney\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sierramatice\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bugni\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paul\",\"F.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cvitkovic\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ivan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Amy\",\"Y.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"pmid\":\"33936522\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC8075351\",\"pages\":\"e2\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{burkhardt_stayhome_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {{StayHome}: {A} {FHIR}-{Native} {Mobile} {COVID}-19 {Symptom} {Tracker} and {Public} {Health} {Reporting} {Tool}},\\n\\tvolume = {13},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tshorttitle = {{StayHome}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075351/},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11462},\\n\\tabstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold and states experience the impacts of\\nreopened economies, it is critical to efficiently manage new outbreaks through\\nwidespread testing and monitoring of both new and possible cases. Existing\\nlabor-intensive public health workflows may benefit from information collection\\ndirectly from individuals through patient-reported outcomes (PROs) systems. Our\\nobjective was to develop a reusable, mobile-friendly application for collecting\\nPROs and experiences to support COVID-19 symptom self-monitoring and data\\nsharing with appropriate public health agencies, using Fast Healthcare\\nInteroperability Resources (FHIR) for interoperability. We conducted a needs\\nassessment and designed and developed StayHome, a mobile PRO administration\\ntool. FHIR serves as the primary data model and driver of business logic.\\nKeycloak, AWS, Docker, and other technologies were used for deployment. Several\\nFHIR modules were used to create a novel “FHIR-native” application\\ndesign. By leveraging FHIR to shape not only the interface strategy but also the\\ninformation architecture of the application, StayHome enables the consistent\\nstandards-based representation of data and reduces the barrier to integration\\nwith public health information systems. FHIR supported rapid application\\ndevelopment by providing a domain-appropriate data model and tooling. FHIR\\nmodules and implementation guides were referenced in design and implementation.\\nHowever, there are gaps in the FHIR specification which must be recognized and\\naddressed appropriately. StayHome is live and accessible to the public at\\nhttps://stayhome.app. The code and resources required to build\\nand deploy the application are available from https://github.com/uwcirg/stayhome-project.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2021-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Burkhardt, Hannah A. and Brandt, Pascal S. and Lee, Jenney R. and Karras, Sierramatice W. and Bugni, Paul F. and Cvitkovic, Ivan and Chen, Amy Y. and Lober, William B.},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tpmid = {33936522},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC8075351},\\n\\tpages = {e2},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Burkhardt, H. A.\",\"Brandt, P. S.\",\"Lee, J. R.\",\"Karras, S. W.\",\"Bugni, P. F.\",\"Cvitkovic, I.\",\"Chen, A. Y.\",\"Lober, W. B.\"],\"key\":\"burkhardt_stayhome_2021\",\"id\":\"burkhardt_stayhome_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"burkhardt-brandt-lee-karras-bugni-cvitkovic-chen-lober-stayhomeafhirnativemobilecovid19symptomtrackerandpublichealthreportingtool-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075351/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":6,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"WA Notify: the planning and implementation of a Bluetooth exposure notification tool for COVID-19 pandemic response in Washington State\",\"volume\":\"13\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"shorttitle\":\"WA Notify\",\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216404/\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11694\",\"abstract\":\"Bluetooth exposure notification tools for mobile phones have emerged as one way to support public health contact tracing and mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Many states have launched their own versions of these tools. Washington State's exposure notification tool, WA Notify, became available on November 30, 2020, following a one-month Seattle campus pilot at the University of Washington. By the end of April 2021, 25% of the state's population had activated WA Notify, one of the highest adoption rates in the country. Washington State's formation of an Exposure Notification Advisory Committee, early pilot testing, and use of the EN Express system framework were all important factors in its adoption. Continuous monitoring and willingness to make early adjustments such as switching to automated texting of verification codes have also been important for improving the tool’s value. Evaluation work is ongoing to determine and quantify WA Notify’s effectiveness, timeliness, and accessibility.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2021-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tiffany\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Klemfuss\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nola\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bryant\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"pmid\":\"34178242\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC8216404\",\"pages\":\"e8\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{chen_wa_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {{WA} {Notify}: the planning and implementation of a {Bluetooth} exposure notification tool for {COVID}-19 pandemic response in {Washington} {State}},\\n\\tvolume = {13},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tshorttitle = {{WA} {Notify}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216404/},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11694},\\n\\tabstract = {Bluetooth exposure notification tools for mobile phones have emerged as one way\\nto support public health contact tracing and mitigate the spread of COVID-19.\\nMany states have launched their own versions of these tools. Washington\\nState's exposure notification tool, WA Notify, became available on November\\n30, 2020, following a one-month Seattle campus pilot at the University of\\nWashington. By the end of April 2021, 25\\\\% of the state's population had\\nactivated WA Notify, one of the highest adoption rates in the country.\\nWashington State's formation of an Exposure Notification Advisory\\nCommittee, early pilot testing, and use of the EN Express system framework were\\nall important factors in its adoption. Continuous monitoring and willingness to\\nmake early adjustments such as switching to automated texting of verification\\ncodes have also been important for improving the tool’s value. Evaluation\\nwork is ongoing to determine and quantify WA Notify’s effectiveness,\\ntimeliness, and accessibility.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2021-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Chen, Tiffany and Baseman, Janet and Lober, William B. and Hills, Rebecca and Klemfuss, Nola and Karras, Bryant T.},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tpmid = {34178242},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC8216404},\\n\\tpages = {e8},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Chen, T.\",\"Baseman, J.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Hills, R.\",\"Klemfuss, N.\",\"Karras, B. T.\"],\"key\":\"chen_wa_2021\",\"id\":\"chen_wa_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"chen-baseman-lober-hills-klemfuss-karras-wanotifytheplanningandimplementationofabluetoothexposurenotificationtoolforcovid19pandemicresponseinwashingtonstate-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216404/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Developing syndrome definitions based on consensus and current use\",\"volume\":\"17\",\"issn\":\"1527-974X\",\"doi\":\"10.1136/jamia.2010.003210\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVE: Standardized surveillance syndromes do not exist but would facilitate sharing data among surveillance systems and comparing the accuracy of existing systems. The objective of this study was to create reference syndrome definitions from a consensus of investigators who currently have or are building syndromic surveillance systems. DESIGN: Clinical condition-syndrome pairs were catalogued for 10 surveillance systems across the United States and the representatives of these systems were brought together for a workshop to discuss consensus syndrome definitions. RESULTS: Consensus syndrome definitions were generated for the four syndromes monitored by the majority of the 10 participating surveillance systems: Respiratory, gastrointestinal, constitutional, and influenza-like illness (ILI). An important element in coming to consensus quickly was the development of a sensitive and specific definition for respiratory and gastrointestinal syndromes. After the workshop, the definitions were refined and supplemented with keywords and regular expressions, the keywords were mapped to standard vocabularies, and a web ontology language (OWL) ontology was created. LIMITATIONS: The consensus definitions have not yet been validated through implementation. CONCLUSION: The consensus definitions provide an explicit description of the current state-of-the-art syndromes used in automated surveillance, which can subsequently be systematically evaluated against real data to improve the definitions. The method for creating consensus definitions could be applied to other domains that have diverse existing definitions.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"5\",\"journal\":\"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chapman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Wendy\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dowling\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Atar\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Buckeridge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cochrane\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dennis\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Conway\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Elkin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Espino\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeremy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gunn\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Julia\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hales\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Craig\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hutwagner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lori\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Keller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mikaela\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Larson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Catherine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Noe\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Okhmatovskaia\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anya\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Olson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Paladini\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marc\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Scholer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Matthew\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sniegoski\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carol\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thompson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bill\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2010\",\"pmid\":\"20819870\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC2995670\",\"keywords\":\"Communicable Diseases, Group Processes, Humans, Population Surveillance, Syndrome, United States\",\"pages\":\"595–601\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{chapman_developing_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {Developing syndrome definitions based on consensus and current use},\\n\\tvolume = {17},\\n\\tissn = {1527-974X},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1136/jamia.2010.003210},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: Standardized surveillance syndromes do not exist but would facilitate sharing data among surveillance systems and comparing the accuracy of existing systems. The objective of this study was to create reference syndrome definitions from a consensus of investigators who currently have or are building syndromic surveillance systems.\\nDESIGN: Clinical condition-syndrome pairs were catalogued for 10 surveillance systems across the United States and the representatives of these systems were brought together for a workshop to discuss consensus syndrome definitions.\\nRESULTS: Consensus syndrome definitions were generated for the four syndromes monitored by the majority of the 10 participating surveillance systems: Respiratory, gastrointestinal, constitutional, and influenza-like illness (ILI). An important element in coming to consensus quickly was the development of a sensitive and specific definition for respiratory and gastrointestinal syndromes. After the workshop, the definitions were refined and supplemented with keywords and regular expressions, the keywords were mapped to standard vocabularies, and a web ontology language (OWL) ontology was created.\\nLIMITATIONS: The consensus definitions have not yet been validated through implementation.\\nCONCLUSION: The consensus definitions provide an explicit description of the current state-of-the-art syndromes used in automated surveillance, which can subsequently be systematically evaluated against real data to improve the definitions. The method for creating consensus definitions could be applied to other domains that have diverse existing definitions.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {5},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\\n\\tauthor = {Chapman, Wendy W. and Dowling, John N. and Baer, Atar and Buckeridge, David L. and Cochrane, Dennis and Conway, Michael A. and Elkin, Peter and Espino, Jeremy and Gunn, Julia E. and Hales, Craig M. and Hutwagner, Lori and Keller, Mikaela and Larson, Catherine and Noe, Rebecca and Okhmatovskaia, Anya and Olson, Karen and Paladini, Marc and Scholer, Matthew and Sniegoski, Carol and Thompson, David and Lober, Bill},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tpmid = {20819870},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC2995670},\\n\\tkeywords = {Communicable Diseases, Group Processes, Humans, Population Surveillance, Syndrome, United States},\\n\\tpages = {595--601},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Chapman, W. W.\",\"Dowling, J. N.\",\"Baer, A.\",\"Buckeridge, D. L.\",\"Cochrane, D.\",\"Conway, M. A.\",\"Elkin, P.\",\"Espino, J.\",\"Gunn, J. E.\",\"Hales, C. M.\",\"Hutwagner, L.\",\"Keller, M.\",\"Larson, C.\",\"Noe, R.\",\"Okhmatovskaia, A.\",\"Olson, K.\",\"Paladini, M.\",\"Scholer, M.\",\"Sniegoski, C.\",\"Thompson, D.\",\"Lober, B.\"],\"key\":\"chapman_developing_2010\",\"id\":\"chapman_developing_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"chapman-dowling-baer-buckeridge-cochrane-conway-elkin-espino-etal-developingsyndromedefinitionsbasedonconsensusandcurrentuse-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Communicable Diseases\",\"Group Processes\",\"Humans\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Syndrome\",\"United States\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Time-tradeoff utilities for identifying and evaluating a minimum data set for time-critical biosurveillance\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"issn\":\"0272-989X\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0272989X08317011\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: Researchers and policy makers are interested in identifying, implementing, and evaluating a national minimum data set for biosurveillance. However, work remains to be done to establish methods for measuring the value of such data. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to establish and evaluate a method for measuring the utility of biosurveillance data. METHOD: The authors derive an expected utility model in which the value of data may be determined by trading data relevance for time delay in receiving data. In a sample of 23 disease surveillance practitioners, the authors test if such tradeoffs are sensitive to the types of data elements involved (chief complaint v. emergency department [ED] log of visit) and proportional changes to the time horizon needed for receiving data (24 v. 48 h). In addition, they evaluate the logical error rate: the proportion of responses that scored less relevant data as having higher utility. RESULTS: Utilities of chief complaints were significantly higher than ED log of visit, F(1, 21)= 5.60, P \\\\textless 0.05, suggesting the method is sensitive. Further utilities did not depend on time horizon used in the exercise, F(1, 21) = 0.00, P = ns. Of 92 time tradeoffs elicited, there were 5 logical errors (i.e., 5% logical error rate). CONCLUSIONS: In this article, the authors establish a time-tradeoff exercise for valuing biosurveillance data. Empirically, the method shows initial promise for evaluating a minimum data set for biosurveillance. Future applications of this approach may prove useful in disease surveillance planning and evaluation.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"Medical Decision Making: An International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Doctor\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jason\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Davies\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jac\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kobayashi\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bryant\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fuller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sherrilynne\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2008\",\"pmid\":\"18480039\",\"keywords\":\"Adult, Biometry, Communicable Diseases, Disease Outbreaks, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Population Surveillance, Public Health, Time Factors, United States, Washington\",\"pages\":\"351–358\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{doctor_time-tradeoff_2008,\\n\\ttitle = {Time-tradeoff utilities for identifying and evaluating a minimum data set for time-critical biosurveillance},\\n\\tvolume = {28},\\n\\tissn = {0272-989X},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0272989X08317011},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Researchers and policy makers are interested in identifying, implementing, and evaluating a national minimum data set for biosurveillance. However, work remains to be done to establish methods for measuring the value of such data.\\nPURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to establish and evaluate a method for measuring the utility of biosurveillance data.\\nMETHOD: The authors derive an expected utility model in which the value of data may be determined by trading data relevance for time delay in receiving data. In a sample of 23 disease surveillance practitioners, the authors test if such tradeoffs are sensitive to the types of data elements involved (chief complaint v. emergency department [ED] log of visit) and proportional changes to the time horizon needed for receiving data (24 v. 48 h). In addition, they evaluate the logical error rate: the proportion of responses that scored less relevant data as having higher utility.\\nRESULTS: Utilities of chief complaints were significantly higher than ED log of visit, F(1, 21)= 5.60, P {\\\\textless} 0.05, suggesting the method is sensitive. Further utilities did not depend on time horizon used in the exercise, F(1, 21) = 0.00, P = ns. Of 92 time tradeoffs elicited, there were 5 logical errors (i.e., 5\\\\% logical error rate).\\nCONCLUSIONS: In this article, the authors establish a time-tradeoff exercise for valuing biosurveillance data. Empirically, the method shows initial promise for evaluating a minimum data set for biosurveillance. Future applications of this approach may prove useful in disease surveillance planning and evaluation.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {Medical Decision Making: An International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making},\\n\\tauthor = {Doctor, Jason N. and Baseman, Janet G. and Lober, William B. and Davies, Jac and Kobayashi, John and Karras, Bryant T. and Fuller, Sherrilynne},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2008},\\n\\tpmid = {18480039},\\n\\tkeywords = {Adult, Biometry, Communicable Diseases, Disease Outbreaks, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Population Surveillance, Public Health, Time Factors, United States, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {351--358},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Doctor, J. N.\",\"Baseman, J. G.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Davies, J.\",\"Kobayashi, J.\",\"Karras, B. T.\",\"Fuller, S.\"],\"key\":\"doctor_time-tradeoff_2008\",\"id\":\"doctor_time-tradeoff_2008\",\"bibbaseid\":\"doctor-baseman-lober-davies-kobayashi-karras-fuller-timetradeoffutilitiesforidentifyingandevaluatingaminimumdatasetfortimecriticalbiosurveillance-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Adult\",\"Biometry\",\"Communicable Diseases\",\"Disease Outbreaks\",\"Emergency Service\",\"Hospital\",\"Female\",\"Humans\",\"Male\",\"Middle Aged\",\"Models\",\"Statistical\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Public Health\",\"Time Factors\",\"United States\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Visualizing the quality of partially accruing data for use in decision making\",\"volume\":\"7\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v7i3.6096\",\"abstract\":\"Secondary use of clinical health data for near real-time public health surveillance presents challenges surrounding its utility due to data quality issues. Data used for real-time surveillance must be timely, accurate and complete if it is to be useful; if incomplete data are used for surveillance, understanding the structure of the incompleteness is necessary. Such data are commonly aggregated due to privacy concerns. The Distribute project was a near real-time influenza-like-illness (ILI) surveillance system that relied on aggregated secondary clinical health data. The goal of this work is to disseminate the data quality tools developed to gain insight into the data quality problems associated with these data. These tools apply in general to any system where aggregate data are accrued over time and were created through the end-user-as-developer paradigm. Each tool was developed during the exploratory analysis to gain insight into structural aspects of data quality. Our key finding is that data quality of partially accruing data must be studied in the context of accrual lag-the difference between the time an event occurs and the time data for that event are received, i.e. the time at which data become available to the surveillance system. Our visualization methods therefore revolve around visualizing dimensions of data quality affected by accrual lag, in particular the tradeoff between timeliness and completion, and the effects of accrual lag on accuracy. Accounting for accrual lag in partially accruing data is necessary to avoid misleading or biased conclusions about trends in indicator values and data quality.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Eaton\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Julia\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Painter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Olson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Don\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2015\",\"pmid\":\"27252794\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC4874726\",\"keywords\":\"accrual lag, data quality, data visualization, incomplete data, partially accruing data, real-time surveillance, secondary-use data\",\"pages\":\"e226\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{eaton_visualizing_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Visualizing the quality of partially accruing data for use in decision making},\\n\\tvolume = {7},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v7i3.6096},\\n\\tabstract = {Secondary use of clinical health data for near real-time public health surveillance presents challenges surrounding its utility due to data quality issues. Data used for real-time surveillance must be timely, accurate and complete if it is to be useful; if incomplete data are used for surveillance, understanding the structure of the incompleteness is necessary. Such data are commonly aggregated due to privacy concerns. The Distribute project was a near real-time influenza-like-illness (ILI) surveillance system that relied on aggregated secondary clinical health data. The goal of this work is to disseminate the data quality tools developed to gain insight into the data quality problems associated with these data. These tools apply in general to any system where aggregate data are accrued over time and were created through the end-user-as-developer paradigm. Each tool was developed during the exploratory analysis to gain insight into structural aspects of data quality. Our key finding is that data quality of partially accruing data must be studied in the context of accrual lag-the difference between the time an event occurs and the time data for that event are received, i.e. the time at which data become available to the surveillance system. Our visualization methods therefore revolve around visualizing dimensions of data quality affected by accrual lag, in particular the tradeoff between timeliness and completion, and the effects of accrual lag on accuracy. Accounting for accrual lag in partially accruing data is necessary to avoid misleading or biased conclusions about trends in indicator values and data quality.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Eaton, Julia and Painter, Ian and Olson, Don and Lober, William B.},\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tpmid = {27252794},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC4874726},\\n\\tkeywords = {accrual lag, data quality, data visualization, incomplete data, partially accruing data, real-time surveillance, secondary-use data},\\n\\tpages = {e226},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Eaton, J.\",\"Painter, I.\",\"Olson, D.\",\"Lober, W. B.\"],\"key\":\"eaton_visualizing_2015\",\"id\":\"eaton_visualizing_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"eaton-painter-olson-lober-visualizingthequalityofpartiallyaccruingdataforuseindecisionmaking-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"accrual lag\",\"data quality\",\"data visualization\",\"incomplete data\",\"partially accruing data\",\"real-time surveillance\",\"secondary-use data\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Applying the XForms Standard to Public Health Case Reporting and Alerting\",\"volume\":\"3\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656\",\"abstract\":\"Notifiable condition reporting and alerting are two important public health functions. Today, a variety of methods are used to transfer these types of information. The increasing use of electronic health record systems by healthcare providers makes new types of electronic communication possible. We used the XForms standard and nationally recognized technical profiles to demonstrate the communication of both notifiable condition reports and patient-tailored public health alerts. This demonstration of bi-directional communication took placein a prototypical health information exchange environment. We successfully transferred information between provider electronic health record systems and public health systems for notifiable condition reporting. Patient-specific alerts were successfully sent from public health to provider systems. In this paper we discuss the benefits of XForms, including the use of XML, advanced form controls, form initialization and reduction in scripting. We also review implementation challenges, the maturity of the technology and its suitability for use in public health.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Boge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Craig\",\"L.\",\"K.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Oberle\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Doctor\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jason\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"23569609\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3615786\",\"keywords\":\"alerting, bi-directional communication, notifiable condition reporting, public health informatics, public health practice\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hills_applying_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Applying the {XForms} {Standard} to {Public} {Health} {Case} {Reporting} and {Alerting}},\\n\\tvolume = {3},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656},\\n\\tabstract = {Notifiable condition reporting and alerting are two important public health functions. Today, a variety of methods are used to transfer these types of information. The increasing use of electronic health record systems by healthcare providers makes new types of electronic communication possible. We used the XForms standard and nationally recognized technical profiles to demonstrate the communication of both notifiable condition reports and patient-tailored public health alerts. This demonstration of bi-directional communication took placein a prototypical health information exchange environment. We successfully transferred information between provider electronic health record systems and public health systems for notifiable condition reporting. Patient-specific alerts were successfully sent from public health to provider systems. In this paper we discuss the benefits of XForms, including the use of XML, advanced form controls, form initialization and reduction in scripting. We also review implementation challenges, the maturity of the technology and its suitability for use in public health.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Hills, Rebecca A. and Baseman, Janet G. and Revere, Debra and Boge, Craig L. K. and Oberle, Mark W. and Doctor, Jason N. and Lober, William B.},\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {23569609},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3615786},\\n\\tkeywords = {alerting, bi-directional communication, notifiable condition reporting, public health informatics, public health practice},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hills, R. A.\",\"Baseman, J. G.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Boge, C. L. K.\",\"Oberle, M. W.\",\"Doctor, J. N.\",\"Lober, W. B.\"],\"key\":\"hills_applying_2011\",\"id\":\"hills_applying_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"alerting\",\"bi-directional communication\",\"notifiable condition reporting\",\"public health informatics\",\"public health practice\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Syndromic surveillance using automated collection of computerized discharge diagnoses\",\"volume\":\"80\",\"issn\":\"1099-3460\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/pl00022320\",\"abstract\":\"The Syndromic Surveillance Information Collection (SSIC) system aims to facilitate early detection of bioterrorism attacks (with such agents as anthrax, brucellosis, plague, Q fever, tularemia, smallpox, viral encephalitides, hemorrhagic fever, botulism toxins, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, etc.) and early detection of naturally occurring disease outbreaks, including large foodborne disease outbreaks, emerging infections, and pandemic influenza. This is accomplished using automated data collection of visit-level discharge diagnoses from heterogeneous clinical information systems, integrating those data into a common XML (Extensible Markup Language) form, and monitoring the results to detect unusual patterns of illness in the population. The system, operational since January 2001, collects, integrates, and displays data from three emergency department and urgent care (ED/UC) departments and nine primary care clinics by automatically mining data from the information systems of those facilities. With continued development, this system will constitute the foundation of a population-based surveillance system that will facilitate targeted investigation of clinical syndromes under surveillance and allow early detection of unusual clusters of illness compatible with bioterrorism or disease outbreaks.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2 Suppl 1\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Trigg\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bryant\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bliss\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ciliberti\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jack\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stewart\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Laurie\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Duchin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeffrey\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2003\",\"pmid\":\"12791784\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3456541\",\"keywords\":\"Bioterrorism, Data Collection, Databases as Topic, Disease Notification, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Patient Discharge, Public Health Informatics, Sentinel Surveillance, United States\",\"pages\":\"i97–106\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lober_syndromic_2003,\\n\\ttitle = {Syndromic surveillance using automated collection of computerized discharge diagnoses},\\n\\tvolume = {80},\\n\\tissn = {1099-3460},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/pl00022320},\\n\\tabstract = {The Syndromic Surveillance Information Collection (SSIC) system aims to facilitate early detection of bioterrorism attacks (with such agents as anthrax, brucellosis, plague, Q fever, tularemia, smallpox, viral encephalitides, hemorrhagic fever, botulism toxins, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, etc.) and early detection of naturally occurring disease outbreaks, including large foodborne disease outbreaks, emerging infections, and pandemic influenza. This is accomplished using automated data collection of visit-level discharge diagnoses from heterogeneous clinical information systems, integrating those data into a common XML (Extensible Markup Language) form, and monitoring the results to detect unusual patterns of illness in the population. The system, operational since January 2001, collects, integrates, and displays data from three emergency department and urgent care (ED/UC) departments and nine primary care clinics by automatically mining data from the information systems of those facilities. With continued development, this system will constitute the foundation of a population-based surveillance system that will facilitate targeted investigation of clinical syndromes under surveillance and allow early detection of unusual clusters of illness compatible with bioterrorism or disease outbreaks.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2 Suppl 1},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine},\\n\\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Trigg, Lisa J. and Karras, Bryant T. and Bliss, David and Ciliberti, Jack and Stewart, Laurie and Duchin, Jeffrey S.},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tpmid = {12791784},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3456541},\\n\\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, Data Collection, Databases as Topic, Disease Notification, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Patient Discharge, Public Health Informatics, Sentinel Surveillance, United States},\\n\\tpages = {i97--106},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Trigg, L. J.\",\"Karras, B. T.\",\"Bliss, D.\",\"Ciliberti, J.\",\"Stewart, L.\",\"Duchin, J. S.\"],\"key\":\"lober_syndromic_2003\",\"id\":\"lober_syndromic_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lober-trigg-karras-bliss-ciliberti-stewart-duchin-syndromicsurveillanceusingautomatedcollectionofcomputerizeddischargediagnoses-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Bioterrorism\",\"Data Collection\",\"Databases as Topic\",\"Disease Notification\",\"Disease Outbreaks\",\"Humans\",\"Medical Records Systems\",\"Computerized\",\"Patient Discharge\",\"Public Health Informatics\",\"Sentinel Surveillance\",\"United States\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in Washington State in 2010: a comparison of data exchange methods\",\"volume\":\"2012\",\"issn\":\"1942-597X\",\"shorttitle\":\"Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in Washington State in 2010\",\"abstract\":\"Health information systems receive data through various methods. These data exchange methods have the potential to influence data quality. We assessed a de-identified 2010 dataset including 757,476 demographic records and 2,634,101 vaccination records from Washington State's Immunization Information System (IIS) to describe timeliness and completeness of IIS data across several data exchange methods: manual entry, HL7, and flat file upload. Overall, manually-entered data and HL7 records were more timely than records imported as flat files. Completeness, though very high overall, was slightly higher for records arriving via flat file. Washington State IIS users, including clinicians and public health, rely on its data to inform patient care and determine population coverage of immunizations. Our results suggest that although data element completeness in systems like Washington's IIS will likely not be immediately or significantly impacted by provider's migration to HL7 connections with IISs, timeliness could be substantially improved when using HL7 connections.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altamore\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rita\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Abernethy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Neil\",\"F.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2012\",\"pmid\":\"23304304\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3540489\",\"keywords\":\"Birth Certificates, Child, Demography, Health Information Systems, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant, Quality Control, Vaccination, Washington\",\"pages\":\"340–349\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hills_timeliness_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010: a comparison of data exchange methods},\\n\\tvolume = {2012},\\n\\tissn = {1942-597X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010},\\n\\tabstract = {Health information systems receive data through various methods. These data exchange methods have the potential to influence data quality. We assessed a de-identified 2010 dataset including 757,476 demographic records and 2,634,101 vaccination records from Washington State's Immunization Information System (IIS) to describe timeliness and completeness of IIS data across several data exchange methods: manual entry, HL7, and flat file upload. Overall, manually-entered data and HL7 records were more timely than records imported as flat files. Completeness, though very high overall, was slightly higher for records arriving via flat file. Washington State IIS users, including clinicians and public health, rely on its data to inform patient care and determine population coverage of immunizations. Our results suggest that although data element completeness in systems like Washington's IIS will likely not be immediately or significantly impacted by provider's migration to HL7 connections with IISs, timeliness could be substantially improved when using HL7 connections.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Hills, Rebecca A. and Revere, Debra and Altamore, Rita and Abernethy, Neil F. and Lober, William B.},\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tpmid = {23304304},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3540489},\\n\\tkeywords = {Birth Certificates, Child, Demography, Health Information Systems, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant, Quality Control, Vaccination, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {340--349},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hills, R. A.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Altamore, R.\",\"Abernethy, N. F.\",\"Lober, W. B.\"],\"key\":\"hills_timeliness_2012\",\"id\":\"hills_timeliness_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hills-revere-altamore-abernethy-lober-timelinessanddataelementcompletenessofimmunizationdatainwashingtonstatein2010acomparisonofdataexchangemethods-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Birth Certificates\",\"Child\",\"Demography\",\"Health Information Systems\",\"Humans\",\"Immunization Programs\",\"Infant\",\"Quality Control\",\"Vaccination\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Development and evaluation of public health informatics at University of Washington\",\"volume\":\"8\",\"issn\":\"1078-4659\",\"doi\":\"10.1097/00124784-200205000-00006\",\"abstract\":\"Public Health Informatics (PHI) education began at the University of Washington (UW) with a Summer Institute in 1995. The Biomedical and Health Informatics graduate program, which is housed in the School of Medicine, is an interdisciplinary, multi-school program. It demonstrates the UW's cooperative efforts in advancing informatics, encompassing the schools of public health, medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, information and graduate schools in computer science. This article provides an overview of the developmental milestones related to activities in PHI and describes the evaluation strategy and assessment plan for PHI training at the UW (http://phig.washington.edu).\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bryant\",\"Thomas\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"O'Carroll\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Patrick\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Oberle\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Masuda\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Robins\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lynne\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kim\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sara\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schaad\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Doug\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Scott\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Craig\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2002\",\"pmid\":\"15156623\",\"keywords\":\"Curriculum, Educational Measurement, Humans, Medical Informatics, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Universities, Washington\",\"pages\":\"37–43\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{karras_development_2002,\\n\\ttitle = {Development and evaluation of public health informatics at {University} of {Washington}},\\n\\tvolume = {8},\\n\\tissn = {1078-4659},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1097/00124784-200205000-00006},\\n\\tabstract = {Public Health Informatics (PHI) education began at the University of Washington (UW) with a Summer Institute in 1995. The Biomedical and Health Informatics graduate program, which is housed in the School of Medicine, is an interdisciplinary, multi-school program. It demonstrates the UW's cooperative efforts in advancing informatics, encompassing the schools of public health, medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, information and graduate schools in computer science. This article provides an overview of the developmental milestones related to activities in PHI and describes the evaluation strategy and assessment plan for PHI training at the UW (http://phig.washington.edu).},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP},\\n\\tauthor = {Karras, Bryant Thomas and O'Carroll, Patrick and Oberle, Mark W. and Masuda, David and Lober, William B. and Robins, Lynne S. and Kim, Sara and Schaad, Doug C. and Scott, Craig S.},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2002},\\n\\tpmid = {15156623},\\n\\tkeywords = {Curriculum, Educational Measurement, Humans, Medical Informatics, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Universities, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {37--43},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Karras, B. T.\",\"O'Carroll, P.\",\"Oberle, M. W.\",\"Masuda, D.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Robins, L. S.\",\"Kim, S.\",\"Schaad, D. C.\",\"Scott, C. S.\"],\"key\":\"karras_development_2002\",\"id\":\"karras_development_2002\",\"bibbaseid\":\"karras-ocarroll-oberle-masuda-lober-robins-kim-schaad-etal-developmentandevaluationofpublichealthinformaticsatuniversityofwashington-2002\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Curriculum\",\"Educational Measurement\",\"Humans\",\"Medical Informatics\",\"Program Evaluation\",\"Public Health\",\"Universities\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"National Pharmaceutical Stockpile drill analysis using XML data collection on wireless Java phones\",\"issn\":\"1531-605X\",\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244171/pdf/procamiasymp00001-0406.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"This study describes an informatics effort to track subjects through a National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (NPS) distribution drill. The drill took place in Seattle on 1/24/2002. Washington and the State Department of Health are among the first in the nation to stage a NPS drill testing the distribution of medications to mock patients, thereby testing the treatment capacity of the plan given a post-anthrax exposure scenario. The goal of the Public Health Informatics Group at the University of Washington (www.phig.washington.edu) was to use informatics approaches to monitor subject numbers and elapsed time. This study compares accuracy of time measurements using a mobile phone Java application to traditional paper recording in a live drill of the NPS. Pearson correlation = 1.0 in 2 of 3 stations. Differences in last station measurements can be explained by delay in recording of the exit time. We discuss development of the application itself and lessons learned. (MeSH Bioterrorism, Informatics, Public Health)\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"Proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Huq\"],\"firstnames\":[\"S.\",\"Huq\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bliss\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"W.\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2002\",\"pmid\":\"12463848\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC2244171\",\"keywords\":\"Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bioterrorism, Cell Phone, Civil Defense, Communicable Disease Control, Data Collection, Disaster Planning, Government Agencies, Humans, Point-of-Care Systems, Programming Languages, Public Health Administration, Public Health Informatics, State Government, Washington\",\"pages\":\"365–369\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{karras_national_2002,\\n\\ttitle = {National {Pharmaceutical} {Stockpile} drill analysis using {XML} data collection on wireless {Java} phones},\\n\\tissn = {1531-605X},\\n\\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244171/pdf/procamiasymp00001-0406.pdf},\\n\\tabstract = {This study describes an informatics effort to track subjects through a National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (NPS) distribution drill. The drill took place in Seattle on 1/24/2002. Washington and the State Department of Health are among the first in the nation to stage a NPS drill testing the distribution of medications to mock patients, thereby testing the treatment capacity of the plan given a post-anthrax exposure scenario. The goal of the Public Health Informatics Group at the University of Washington (www.phig.washington.edu) was to use informatics approaches to monitor subject numbers and elapsed time. This study compares accuracy of time measurements using a mobile phone Java application to traditional paper recording in a live drill of the NPS. Pearson correlation = 1.0 in 2 of 3 stations. Differences in last station measurements can be explained by delay in recording of the exit time. We discuss development of the application itself and lessons learned. (MeSH Bioterrorism, Informatics, Public Health)},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {Proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Karras, B. T. and Huq, S. Huq and Bliss, D. and Lober, W. B.},\\n\\tyear = {2002},\\n\\tpmid = {12463848},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC2244171},\\n\\tkeywords = {Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bioterrorism, Cell Phone, Civil Defense, Communicable Disease Control, Data Collection, Disaster Planning, Government Agencies, Humans, Point-of-Care Systems, Programming Languages, Public Health Administration, Public Health Informatics, State Government, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {365--369},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Karras, B. T.\",\"Huq, S. H.\",\"Bliss, D.\",\"Lober, W. B.\"],\"key\":\"karras_national_2002\",\"id\":\"karras_national_2002\",\"bibbaseid\":\"karras-huq-bliss-lober-nationalpharmaceuticalstockpiledrillanalysisusingxmldatacollectiononwirelessjavaphones-2002\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244171/pdf/procamiasymp00001-0406.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"Anti-Bacterial Agents\",\"Bioterrorism\",\"Cell Phone\",\"Civil Defense\",\"Communicable Disease Control\",\"Data Collection\",\"Disaster Planning\",\"Government Agencies\",\"Humans\",\"Point-of-Care Systems\",\"Programming Languages\",\"Public Health Administration\",\"Public Health Informatics\",\"State Government\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Communicable disease case entry using PDAs and public wireless networks\",\"issn\":\"1942-597X\",\"abstract\":\"Concerns about detecting and responding to attacks with biowarfare agents have resulted in the development of deployable case reporting systems, e.g. RSVP. We implement a proof of concept web-based information system to be used securely from personal digital assistants over public wireless networks, by public health field workers for routine and emergent case reporting. The system collects data for a local health jurisdiction, provides content- and event-based notification, and forwards case reports to the Colorado State communicable disease reporting system (CEDRS). We believe this demonstrates a useful integration of portable and web-based technologies with public health practice.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"W.\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bliss\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dockrey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Davidson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2003\",\"pmid\":\"14728422\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC1480186\",\"keywords\":\"Colorado, Communicable Diseases, Computers, Handheld, Disease Notification, Humans, Internet, Pilot Projects, Population Surveillance, User-Computer Interface\",\"pages\":\"916\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lober_communicable_2003,\\n\\ttitle = {Communicable disease case entry using {PDAs} and public wireless networks},\\n\\tissn = {1942-597X},\\n\\tabstract = {Concerns about detecting and responding to attacks with biowarfare agents have resulted in the development of deployable case reporting systems, e.g. RSVP. We implement a proof of concept web-based information system to be used securely from personal digital assistants over public wireless networks, by public health field workers for routine and emergent case reporting. The system collects data for a local health jurisdiction, provides content- and event-based notification, and forwards case reports to the Colorado State communicable disease reporting system (CEDRS). We believe this demonstrates a useful integration of portable and web-based technologies with public health practice.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Lober, W. B. and Bliss, D. and Dockrey, M. R. and Davidson, A. J. and Karras, B. T.},\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tpmid = {14728422},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC1480186},\\n\\tkeywords = {Colorado, Communicable Diseases, Computers, Handheld, Disease Notification, Humans, Internet, Pilot Projects, Population Surveillance, User-Computer Interface},\\n\\tpages = {916},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Bliss, D.\",\"Dockrey, M. R.\",\"Davidson, A. J.\",\"Karras, B. T.\"],\"key\":\"lober_communicable_2003\",\"id\":\"lober_communicable_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lober-bliss-dockrey-davidson-karras-communicablediseasecaseentryusingpdasandpublicwirelessnetworks-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Colorado\",\"Communicable Diseases\",\"Computers\",\"Handheld\",\"Disease Notification\",\"Humans\",\"Internet\",\"Pilot Projects\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"User-Computer Interface\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Information system architectures for syndromic surveillance\",\"volume\":\"53\",\"issn\":\"2380-8942\",\"abstract\":\"INTRODUCTION: Public health agencies are developing the capacity to automatically acquire, integrate, and analyze clinical information for disease surveillance. The design of such surveillance systems might benefit from the incorporation of advanced architectures developed for biomedical data integration. Data integration is not unique to public health, and both information technology and academic research should influence development of these systems. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this paper is to describe the essential architectural components of a syndromic surveillance information system and discuss existing and potential architectural approaches to data integration. METHODS: This paper examines the role of data elements, vocabulary standards, data extraction, transport and security, transformation and normalization, and analysis data sets in developing disease-surveillance systems. It then discusses automated surveillance systems in the context of biomedical and computer science research in data integration, both to characterize existing systems and to indicate potential avenues of investigation to build systems that support public health practice. RESULTS: The Public Health Information Network (PHIN) identifies best practices for essential architectural components of a syndromic surveillance system. A schema for classifying biomedical data-integration software is useful for classifying present approaches to syndromic surveillance and for describing architectural variation. CONCLUSIONS: Public health informatics and computer science research in data-integration systems can supplement approaches recommended by PHIN and provide information for future public health surveillance systems.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"MMWR supplements\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Trigg\"],\"firstnames\":[\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2004\",\"pmid\":\"15717393\",\"keywords\":\"Bioterrorism, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Population Surveillance, Public Health Administration, Public Health Informatics\",\"pages\":\"203–208\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lober_information_2004,\\n\\ttitle = {Information system architectures for syndromic surveillance},\\n\\tvolume = {53},\\n\\tissn = {2380-8942},\\n\\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Public health agencies are developing the capacity to automatically acquire, integrate, and analyze clinical information for disease surveillance. The design of such surveillance systems might benefit from the incorporation of advanced architectures developed for biomedical data integration. Data integration is not unique to public health, and both information technology and academic research should influence development of these systems.\\nOBJECTIVES: The goal of this paper is to describe the essential architectural components of a syndromic surveillance information system and discuss existing and potential architectural approaches to data integration.\\nMETHODS: This paper examines the role of data elements, vocabulary standards, data extraction, transport and security, transformation and normalization, and analysis data sets in developing disease-surveillance systems. It then discusses automated surveillance systems in the context of biomedical and computer science research in data integration, both to characterize existing systems and to indicate potential avenues of investigation to build systems that support public health practice.\\nRESULTS: The Public Health Information Network (PHIN) identifies best practices for essential architectural components of a syndromic surveillance system. A schema for classifying biomedical data-integration software is useful for classifying present approaches to syndromic surveillance and for describing architectural variation.\\nCONCLUSIONS: Public health informatics and computer science research in data-integration systems can supplement approaches recommended by PHIN and provide information for future public health surveillance systems.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {MMWR supplements},\\n\\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Trigg, L. and Karras, B.},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2004},\\n\\tpmid = {15717393},\\n\\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Population Surveillance, Public Health Administration, Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tpages = {203--208},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Trigg, L.\",\"Karras, B.\"],\"key\":\"lober_information_2004\",\"id\":\"lober_information_2004\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lober-trigg-karras-informationsystemarchitecturesforsyndromicsurveillance-2004\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Bioterrorism\",\"Communicable Diseases\",\"Emerging\",\"Disease Outbreaks\",\"Humans\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Public Health Administration\",\"Public Health Informatics\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Collection and integration of clinical data for surveillance\",\"volume\":\"107\",\"issn\":\"0926-9630\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVE: The syndromic surveillance project at Public Health-Seattle & King County incorporates several data sources, including emergency department and primary care visit data collected and normalized through an automated mechanism. We describe significant changes made in this \\\"second generation\\\" of our system to improve data quality while complying with privacy and state public health reporting regulations. METHODS/RESULTS: The system uses de-identified visit and patient numbers to assure data accuracy, while shielding patient identity. Presently, we have 124,000 basic visit records (used to generate stratified denominators), and 29,000 surveillance records, from four emergency departments and a primary care clinic network. The system is capable of producing syndrome-clustered data sets for analysis. DISCUSSION: We have incorporated data collection techniques such as automated querying, report parsing, and HL7 electronic data interchange. We are expanding the system to include greater population coverage, and developing an understanding how to implement data collections more rapidly at individual hospital sites, as well as how best to prepare the data for analysis.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"Pt 2\",\"journal\":\"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Atar\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bryant\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Duchin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeffery\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2004\",\"pmid\":\"15361005\",\"keywords\":\"Bioterrorism, Computer Systems, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Disease Outbreaks, Electronic Data Processing, Emergency Service, Hospital, Humans, Population Surveillance, Public Health Informatics, Software Design, Washington\",\"pages\":\"1211–1215\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lober_collection_2004,\\n\\ttitle = {Collection and integration of clinical data for surveillance},\\n\\tvolume = {107},\\n\\tissn = {0926-9630},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: The syndromic surveillance project at Public Health-Seattle \\\\& King County incorporates several data sources, including emergency department and primary care visit data collected and normalized through an automated mechanism. We describe significant changes made in this \\\"second generation\\\" of our system to improve data quality while complying with privacy and state public health reporting regulations.\\nMETHODS/RESULTS: The system uses de-identified visit and patient numbers to assure data accuracy, while shielding patient identity. Presently, we have 124,000 basic visit records (used to generate stratified denominators), and 29,000 surveillance records, from four emergency departments and a primary care clinic network. The system is capable of producing syndrome-clustered data sets for analysis.\\nDISCUSSION: We have incorporated data collection techniques such as automated querying, report parsing, and HL7 electronic data interchange. We are expanding the system to include greater population coverage, and developing an understanding how to implement data collections more rapidly at individual hospital sites, as well as how best to prepare the data for analysis.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {Pt 2},\\n\\tjournal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Baer, Atar and Karras, Bryant T. and Duchin, Jeffery S.},\\n\\tyear = {2004},\\n\\tpmid = {15361005},\\n\\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, Computer Systems, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Disease Outbreaks, Electronic Data Processing, Emergency Service, Hospital, Humans, Population Surveillance, Public Health Informatics, Software Design, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {1211--1215},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Baer, A.\",\"Karras, B. T.\",\"Duchin, J. S.\"],\"key\":\"lober_collection_2004\",\"id\":\"lober_collection_2004\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lober-baer-karras-duchin-collectionandintegrationofclinicaldataforsurveillance-2004\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Bioterrorism\",\"Computer Systems\",\"Data Collection\",\"Disease Notification\",\"Disease Outbreaks\",\"Electronic Data Processing\",\"Emergency Service\",\"Hospital\",\"Humans\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Public Health Informatics\",\"Software Design\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Technical Description of the Distribute Project: A Community-based Syndromic Surveillance System Implementation\",\"volume\":\"5\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"shorttitle\":\"Technical Description of the Distribute Project\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v5i3.4938\",\"abstract\":\"This paper describes the design of a syndromic surveillance system implemented for community-based monitoring of influenza-like illness. The system began as collaboration between colleagues from state and large metropolitan area health jurisdictions, academic institutions, and the non-profit, International Society for Disease Surveillance. Over the six influenza seasons from 2006 to 2012, the system was automated and enhanced, with new features and infrastructure, and the resulting, reliable, enterprise grade system supported peer comparisons between 44 state and local public health jurisdictions who voluntarily contributed summarized data on influenza-like illness and gastrointestinal syndromes. The system was unusual in that it addressed the needs of a widely distributed, voluntary, community engaged in real-time data integration to support operational public health.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reeder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Blaine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Painter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Goldov\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kim\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bugni\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paul\",\"F.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McReynolds\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Justin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Olson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"pmid\":\"24678377\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3959914\",\"keywords\":\"CIRG_Selected, Internet, public health standards, secondary use of health data, surveillance practice, syndromic surveillance\",\"pages\":\"224\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lober_technical_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Technical {Description} of the {Distribute} {Project}: {A} {Community}-based {Syndromic} {Surveillance} {System} {Implementation}},\\n\\tvolume = {5},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Technical {Description} of the {Distribute} {Project}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v5i3.4938},\\n\\tabstract = {This paper describes the design of a syndromic surveillance system implemented for community-based monitoring of influenza-like illness. The system began as collaboration between colleagues from state and large metropolitan area health jurisdictions, academic institutions, and the non-profit, International Society for Disease Surveillance. Over the six influenza seasons from 2006 to 2012, the system was automated and enhanced, with new features and infrastructure, and the resulting, reliable, enterprise grade system supported peer comparisons between 44 state and local public health jurisdictions who voluntarily contributed summarized data on influenza-like illness and gastrointestinal syndromes. The system was unusual in that it addressed the needs of a widely distributed, voluntary, community engaged in real-time data integration to support operational public health.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Reeder, Blaine and Painter, Ian and Revere, Debra and Goldov, Kim and Bugni, Paul F. and McReynolds, Justin and Olson, Donald R.},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tpmid = {24678377},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3959914},\\n\\tkeywords = {CIRG\\\\_Selected, Internet, public health standards, secondary use of health data, surveillance practice, syndromic surveillance},\\n\\tpages = {224},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Reeder, B.\",\"Painter, I.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Goldov, K.\",\"Bugni, P. F.\",\"McReynolds, J.\",\"Olson, D. R.\"],\"key\":\"lober_technical_2014\",\"id\":\"lober_technical_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lober-reeder-painter-revere-goldov-bugni-mcreynolds-olson-technicaldescriptionofthedistributeprojectacommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemimplementation-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"CIRG_Selected\",\"Internet\",\"public health standards\",\"secondary use of health data\",\"surveillance practice\",\"syndromic surveillance\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"An open source environment for the statistical evaluation of outbreak detection methods\",\"issn\":\"1942-597X\",\"abstract\":\"We describe the design and initial steps to implementation of a computational framework for evaluating outbreak detection methods. The framework will include components for combining simulated and historical data to create artificial outbreaks and components that implement various outbreak detection algorithms. The first algorithms to be implemented are the three Cumulative Sums (cusum) methods described in the CDC Early Aberration Reporting System.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lumley\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thomas\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sebestyen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Krisztian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Painter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2005\",\"pmid\":\"16779324\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC1560726\",\"keywords\":\"Algorithms, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Models, Statistical, Population Surveillance, Programming Languages, Public Health Informatics\",\"pages\":\"1037\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lumley_open_2005,\\n\\ttitle = {An open source environment for the statistical evaluation of outbreak detection methods},\\n\\tissn = {1942-597X},\\n\\tabstract = {We describe the design and initial steps to implementation of a computational framework for evaluating outbreak detection methods. The framework will include components for combining simulated and historical data to create artificial outbreaks and components that implement various outbreak detection algorithms. The first algorithms to be implemented are the three Cumulative Sums (cusum) methods described in the CDC Early Aberration Reporting System.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Lumley, Thomas and Sebestyen, Krisztian and Lober, William B. and Painter, Ian},\\n\\tyear = {2005},\\n\\tpmid = {16779324},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC1560726},\\n\\tkeywords = {Algorithms, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Models, Statistical, Population Surveillance, Programming Languages, Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tpages = {1037},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lumley, T.\",\"Sebestyen, K.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Painter, I.\"],\"key\":\"lumley_open_2005\",\"id\":\"lumley_open_2005\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lumley-sebestyen-lober-painter-anopensourceenvironmentforthestatisticalevaluationofoutbreakdetectionmethods-2005\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Algorithms\",\"Disease Outbreaks\",\"Humans\",\"Models\",\"Statistical\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Programming Languages\",\"Public Health Informatics\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Roundtable on bioterrorism detection: information system-based surveillance\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"issn\":\"1067-5027\",\"shorttitle\":\"Roundtable on bioterrorism detection\",\"doi\":\"10.1197/jamia.m1052\",\"abstract\":\"During the 2001 AMIA Annual Symposium, the Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Emergency Medicine Working Group hosted the Roundtable on Bioterrorism Detection. Sixty-four people attended the roundtable discussion, during which several researchers discussed public health surveillance systems designed to enhance early detection of bioterrorism events. These systems make secondary use of existing clinical, laboratory, paramedical, and pharmacy data or facilitate electronic case reporting by clinicians. This paper combines case reports of six existing systems with discussion of some common techniques and approaches. The purpose of the roundtable discussion was to foster communication among researchers and promote progress by 1) sharing information about systems, including origins, current capabilities, stages of deployment, and architectures; 2) sharing lessons learned during the development and implementation of systems; and 3) exploring cooperation projects, including the sharing of software and data. A mailing list server for these ongoing efforts may be found at http://bt.cirg.washington.edu.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bryant\",\"Thomas\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wagner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Overhage\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\",\"Marc\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Davidson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Arthur\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fraser\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hamish\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Trigg\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mandl\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kenneth\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Espino\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeremy\",\"U.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Tsui\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Fu-Chiang\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2002\",\"pmid\":\"11861622\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC344564\",\"keywords\":\"Bioterrorism, CIRG_Selected, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Population Surveillance, United States\",\"pages\":\"105–115\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lober_roundtable_2002,\\n\\ttitle = {Roundtable on bioterrorism detection: information system-based surveillance},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tissn = {1067-5027},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Roundtable on bioterrorism detection},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1197/jamia.m1052},\\n\\tabstract = {During the 2001 AMIA Annual Symposium, the Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Emergency Medicine Working Group hosted the Roundtable on Bioterrorism Detection. Sixty-four people attended the roundtable discussion, during which several researchers discussed public health surveillance systems designed to enhance early detection of bioterrorism events. These systems make secondary use of existing clinical, laboratory, paramedical, and pharmacy data or facilitate electronic case reporting by clinicians. This paper combines case reports of six existing systems with discussion of some common techniques and approaches. The purpose of the roundtable discussion was to foster communication among researchers and promote progress by 1) sharing information about systems, including origins, current capabilities, stages of deployment, and architectures; 2) sharing lessons learned during the development and implementation of systems; and 3) exploring cooperation projects, including the sharing of software and data. A mailing list server for these ongoing efforts may be found at http://bt.cirg.washington.edu.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\\n\\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Karras, Bryant Thomas and Wagner, Michael M. and Overhage, J. Marc and Davidson, Arthur J. and Fraser, Hamish and Trigg, Lisa J. and Mandl, Kenneth D. and Espino, Jeremy U. and Tsui, Fu-Chiang},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2002},\\n\\tpmid = {11861622},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC344564},\\n\\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, CIRG\\\\_Selected, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Population Surveillance, United States},\\n\\tpages = {105--115},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Karras, B. T.\",\"Wagner, M. M.\",\"Overhage, J. M.\",\"Davidson, A. J.\",\"Fraser, H.\",\"Trigg, L. J.\",\"Mandl, K. D.\",\"Espino, J. U.\",\"Tsui, F.\"],\"key\":\"lober_roundtable_2002\",\"id\":\"lober_roundtable_2002\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lober-karras-wagner-overhage-davidson-fraser-trigg-mandl-etal-roundtableonbioterrorismdetectioninformationsystembasedsurveillance-2002\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Bioterrorism\",\"CIRG_Selected\",\"Humans\",\"Medical Informatics Applications\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"United States\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Utilizing Standard Data Transactions and Public-Private Partnerships to Support Healthy Weight Within the Community\",\"volume\":\"5\",\"issn\":\"2327-9214\",\"doi\":\"10.5334/egems.242\",\"abstract\":\"Context: Obesity is a significant health issue in the United States that both clinical and public health systems struggle to address. Electronic health record data could help support multi-sectoral interventions to address obesity. Standards have been identified and created to support the electronic exchange of weight-related data across many stakeholder groups. Case Description: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated a public-private partnership including government, industry, and academic technology partners to develop workflow scenarios and supporting systems to exchange weight-related data through standard transactions. This partnership tested the transmission of data using this newly-defined Healthy Weight (HW) profile at multiple health data interoperability demonstration events. Findings: Five transaction types were tested by 12 partners who demonstrated how the standards and related systems support end-to-end workflows around managing weight-related issues in the community. The standard transactions were successfully tested at two Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Connectathon events through 86 validated tests encompassing 38 multi-partner transactions. Discussion: We have successfully demonstrated the transactions defined in the HW profile with a public-private partnership. These tested IT products and HW standards could be used to support a continuum of care around health related issues encompassing both health care and public health functions. Conclusion: The use of the HW profile, including a set of transactions and identified standards to implement those transactions, in IT products is a helpful first step in leveraging health information technology to address weight-related issues in the United States. Future work is needed to expand the use of these standards and to assess their use in real world settings.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"EGEMS (Washington, DC)\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mikles\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sean\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wiltz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jennifer\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reed-Fourquet\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lori\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Painter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"pmid\":\"29930962\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC5994932\",\"keywords\":\"CIRG_Selected\",\"pages\":\"21\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{mikles_utilizing_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Utilizing {Standard} {Data} {Transactions} and {Public}-{Private} {Partnerships} to {Support} {Healthy} {Weight} {Within} the {Community}},\\n\\tvolume = {5},\\n\\tissn = {2327-9214},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5334/egems.242},\\n\\tabstract = {Context: Obesity is a significant health issue in the United States that both clinical and public health systems struggle to address. Electronic health record data could help support multi-sectoral interventions to address obesity. Standards have been identified and created to support the electronic exchange of weight-related data across many stakeholder groups.\\nCase Description: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated a public-private partnership including government, industry, and academic technology partners to develop workflow scenarios and supporting systems to exchange weight-related data through standard transactions. This partnership tested the transmission of data using this newly-defined Healthy Weight (HW) profile at multiple health data interoperability demonstration events.\\nFindings: Five transaction types were tested by 12 partners who demonstrated how the standards and related systems support end-to-end workflows around managing weight-related issues in the community. The standard transactions were successfully tested at two Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Connectathon events through 86 validated tests encompassing 38 multi-partner transactions.\\nDiscussion: We have successfully demonstrated the transactions defined in the HW profile with a public-private partnership. These tested IT products and HW standards could be used to support a continuum of care around health related issues encompassing both health care and public health functions.\\nConclusion: The use of the HW profile, including a set of transactions and identified standards to implement those transactions, in IT products is a helpful first step in leveraging health information technology to address weight-related issues in the United States. Future work is needed to expand the use of these standards and to assess their use in real world settings.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {EGEMS (Washington, DC)},\\n\\tauthor = {Mikles, Sean P. and Wiltz, Jennifer L. and Reed-Fourquet, Lori and Painter, Ian S. and Lober, William B.},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tpmid = {29930962},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC5994932},\\n\\tkeywords = {CIRG\\\\_Selected},\\n\\tpages = {21},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Mikles, S. P.\",\"Wiltz, J. L.\",\"Reed-Fourquet, L.\",\"Painter, I. S.\",\"Lober, W. B.\"],\"key\":\"mikles_utilizing_2017\",\"id\":\"mikles_utilizing_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mikles-wiltz-reedfourquet-painter-lober-utilizingstandarddatatransactionsandpublicprivatepartnershipstosupporthealthyweightwithinthecommunity-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"CIRG_Selected\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system: a pilot qualitative evaluation study\",\"volume\":\"4\",\"issn\":\"1756-0500\",\"shorttitle\":\"Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/1756-0500-4-187\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot utility evaluation and information needs assessment of the Distribute Project at the 2010 Washington State Public Health Association (WSPHA) Joint Conference. Distribute is a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system and network for detection of influenza-like illness (ILI). Using qualitative methods, we assessed the perceived usefulness of the Distribute system and explored areas for improvement. Nine state and local public health professionals participated in a focus group (n = 6) and in semi-structured interviews (n = 3). Field notes were taken, summarized and analyzed. FINDINGS: Several emergent themes that contribute to the perceived usefulness of system data and the Distribute system were identified: 1) Standardization: a common ILI syndrome definition; 2) Regional Comparability: views that support county-by-county comparisons of syndromic surveillance data; 3) Completeness: complete data for all expected data at a given time; 4) Coverage: data coverage of all jurisdictions in WA state; 5) CONTEXT: metadata incorporated into the views to provide context for graphed data; 6) Trusted Data: verification that information is valid and timely; and 7) Customization: the ability to customize views as necessary. As a result of the focus group, a new county level health jurisdiction expressed interest in contributing data to the Distribute system. CONCLUSION: The resulting themes from this study can be used to guide future information design efforts for the Distribute system and other syndromic surveillance systems. In addition, this study demonstrates the benefits of conducting a low cost, qualitative evaluation at a professional conference.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"BMC research notes\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reeder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Blaine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Olson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21672242\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3146436\",\"pages\":\"187\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{reeder_perceived_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system: a pilot qualitative evaluation study},\\n\\tvolume = {4},\\n\\tissn = {1756-0500},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1186/1756-0500-4-187},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot utility evaluation and information needs assessment of the Distribute Project at the 2010 Washington State Public Health Association (WSPHA) Joint Conference. Distribute is a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system and network for detection of influenza-like illness (ILI). Using qualitative methods, we assessed the perceived usefulness of the Distribute system and explored areas for improvement. Nine state and local public health professionals participated in a focus group (n = 6) and in semi-structured interviews (n = 3). Field notes were taken, summarized and analyzed.\\nFINDINGS: Several emergent themes that contribute to the perceived usefulness of system data and the Distribute system were identified: 1) Standardization: a common ILI syndrome definition; 2) Regional Comparability: views that support county-by-county comparisons of syndromic surveillance data; 3) Completeness: complete data for all expected data at a given time; 4) Coverage: data coverage of all jurisdictions in WA state; 5) CONTEXT: metadata incorporated into the views to provide context for graphed data; 6) Trusted Data: verification that information is valid and timely; and 7) Customization: the ability to customize views as necessary. As a result of the focus group, a new county level health jurisdiction expressed interest in contributing data to the Distribute system.\\nCONCLUSION: The resulting themes from this study can be used to guide future information design efforts for the Distribute system and other syndromic surveillance systems. In addition, this study demonstrates the benefits of conducting a low cost, qualitative evaluation at a professional conference.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {BMC research notes},\\n\\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Olson, Donald R. and Lober, William B.},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21672242},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3146436},\\n\\tpages = {187},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Reeder, B.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Olson, D. R.\",\"Lober, W. B.\"],\"key\":\"reeder_perceived_2011\",\"id\":\"reeder_perceived_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"reeder-revere-olson-lober-perceivedusefulnessofadistributedcommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemapilotqualitativeevaluationstudy-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Implementing syndromic surveillance: a practical guide informed by the early experience\",\"volume\":\"11\",\"issn\":\"1067-5027\",\"shorttitle\":\"Implementing syndromic surveillance\",\"doi\":\"10.1197/jamia.M1356\",\"abstract\":\"Syndromic surveillance refers to methods relying on detection of individual and population health indicators that are discernible before confirmed diagnoses are made. In particular, prior to the laboratory confirmation of an infectious disease, ill persons may exhibit behavioral patterns, symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings that can be tracked through a variety of data sources. Syndromic surveillance systems are being developed locally, regionally, and nationally. The efforts have been largely directed at facilitating the early detection of a covert bioterrorist attack, but the technology may also be useful for general public health, clinical medicine, quality improvement, patient safety, and research. This report, authored by developers and methodologists involved in the design and deployment of the first wave of syndromic surveillance systems, is intended to serve as a guide for informaticians, public health managers, and practitioners who are currently planning deployment of such systems in their regions.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mandl\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kenneth\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Overhage\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\",\"Marc\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wagner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sebastiani\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paola\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mostashari\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Farzad\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pavlin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Julie\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gesteland\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Per\",\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Treadwell\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tracee\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Koski\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eileen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hutwagner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lori\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Buckeridge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Aller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Raymond\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grannis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shaun\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2004\",\"pmid\":\"14633933\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC353021\",\"keywords\":\"Bioterrorism, Confidentiality, Disease Outbreaks, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Population Surveillance, Public Health, United States\",\"pages\":\"141–150\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{mandl_implementing_2004,\\n\\ttitle = {Implementing syndromic surveillance: a practical guide informed by the early experience},\\n\\tvolume = {11},\\n\\tissn = {1067-5027},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Implementing syndromic surveillance},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1197/jamia.M1356},\\n\\tabstract = {Syndromic surveillance refers to methods relying on detection of individual and population health indicators that are discernible before confirmed diagnoses are made. In particular, prior to the laboratory confirmation of an infectious disease, ill persons may exhibit behavioral patterns, symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings that can be tracked through a variety of data sources. Syndromic surveillance systems are being developed locally, regionally, and nationally. The efforts have been largely directed at facilitating the early detection of a covert bioterrorist attack, but the technology may also be useful for general public health, clinical medicine, quality improvement, patient safety, and research. This report, authored by developers and methodologists involved in the design and deployment of the first wave of syndromic surveillance systems, is intended to serve as a guide for informaticians, public health managers, and practitioners who are currently planning deployment of such systems in their regions.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\\n\\tauthor = {Mandl, Kenneth D. and Overhage, J. Marc and Wagner, Michael M. and Lober, William B. and Sebastiani, Paola and Mostashari, Farzad and Pavlin, Julie A. and Gesteland, Per H. and Treadwell, Tracee and Koski, Eileen and Hutwagner, Lori and Buckeridge, David L. and Aller, Raymond D. and Grannis, Shaun},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2004},\\n\\tpmid = {14633933},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC353021},\\n\\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, Confidentiality, Disease Outbreaks, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Population Surveillance, Public Health, United States},\\n\\tpages = {141--150},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Mandl, K. D.\",\"Overhage, J. M.\",\"Wagner, M. M.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Sebastiani, P.\",\"Mostashari, F.\",\"Pavlin, J. A.\",\"Gesteland, P. H.\",\"Treadwell, T.\",\"Koski, E.\",\"Hutwagner, L.\",\"Buckeridge, D. L.\",\"Aller, R. D.\",\"Grannis, S.\"],\"key\":\"mandl_implementing_2004\",\"id\":\"mandl_implementing_2004\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mandl-overhage-wagner-lober-sebastiani-mostashari-pavlin-gesteland-etal-implementingsyndromicsurveillanceapracticalguideinformedbytheearlyexperience-2004\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Bioterrorism\",\"Confidentiality\",\"Disease Outbreaks\",\"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act\",\"Humans\",\"Medical Informatics Applications\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Public Health\",\"United States\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Applying a New Model for Sharing Population Health Data to National Syndromic Influenza Surveillance: DiSTRIBuTE Project Proof of Concept, 2006 to 2009\",\"volume\":\"3\",\"issn\":\"2157-3999\",\"shorttitle\":\"Applying a New Model for Sharing Population Health Data to National Syndromic Influenza Surveillance\",\"doi\":\"10.1371/currents.RRN1251\",\"abstract\":\"The Distributed Surveillance Taskforce for Real-time Influenza Burden Tracking and Evaluation (DiSTRIBuTE) project began as a pilot effort initiated by the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) in autumn 2006 to create a collaborative electronic emergency department (ED) syndromic influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance network based on existing state and local systems and expertise. DiSTRIBuTE brought together health departments that were interested in: 1) sharing aggregate level data; 2) maintaining jurisdictional control; 3) minimizing barriers to participation; and 4) leveraging the flexibility of local systems to create a dynamic and collaborative surveillance network. This approach was in contrast to the prevailing paradigm for surveillance where record level information was collected, stored and analyzed centrally. The DiSTRIBuTE project was created with a distributed design, where individual level data remained local and only summarized, stratified counts were reported centrally, thus minimizing privacy risks. The project was responsive to federal mandates to improve integration of federal, state, and local biosurveillance capabilities. During the proof of concept phase, 2006 to 2009, ten jurisdictions from across North America sent ISDS on a daily to weekly basis year-round, aggregated data by day, stratified by local ILI syndrome, age-group and region. During this period, data from participating U.S. state or local health departments captured over 13% of all ED visits nationwide. The initiative focused on state and local health department trust, expertise, and control. Morbidity trends observed in DiSTRIBuTE were highly correlated with other influenza surveillance measures. With the emergence of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the spring of 2009, the project was used to support information sharing and ad hoc querying at the state and local level. In the fall of 2009, through a broadly collaborative effort, the project was expanded to enhance electronic ED surveillance nationwide.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"PLoS currents\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Olson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Paladini\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marc\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Buckeridge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"ISDS Distribute Working Group\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21894257\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3148528\",\"pages\":\"RRN1251\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{olson_applying_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Applying a {New} {Model} for {Sharing} {Population} {Health} {Data} to {National} {Syndromic} {Influenza} {Surveillance}: {DiSTRIBuTE} {Project} {Proof} of {Concept}, 2006 to 2009},\\n\\tvolume = {3},\\n\\tissn = {2157-3999},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Applying a {New} {Model} for {Sharing} {Population} {Health} {Data} to {National} {Syndromic} {Influenza} {Surveillance}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1371/currents.RRN1251},\\n\\tabstract = {The Distributed Surveillance Taskforce for Real-time Influenza Burden Tracking and Evaluation (DiSTRIBuTE) project began as a pilot effort initiated by the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) in autumn 2006 to create a collaborative electronic emergency department (ED) syndromic influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance network based on existing state and local systems and expertise. DiSTRIBuTE brought together health departments that were interested in: 1) sharing aggregate level data; 2) maintaining jurisdictional control; 3) minimizing barriers to participation; and 4) leveraging the flexibility of local systems to create a dynamic and collaborative surveillance network. This approach was in contrast to the prevailing paradigm for surveillance where record level information was collected, stored and analyzed centrally. The DiSTRIBuTE project was created with a distributed design, where individual level data remained local and only summarized, stratified counts were reported centrally, thus minimizing privacy risks. The project was responsive to federal mandates to improve integration of federal, state, and local biosurveillance capabilities. During the proof of concept phase, 2006 to 2009, ten jurisdictions from across North America sent ISDS on a daily to weekly basis year-round, aggregated data by day, stratified by local ILI syndrome, age-group and region. During this period, data from participating U.S. state or local health departments captured over 13\\\\% of all ED visits nationwide. The initiative focused on state and local health department trust, expertise, and control. Morbidity trends observed in DiSTRIBuTE were highly correlated with other influenza surveillance measures. With the emergence of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the spring of 2009, the project was used to support information sharing and ad hoc querying at the state and local level. In the fall of 2009, through a broadly collaborative effort, the project was expanded to enhance electronic ED surveillance nationwide.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {PLoS currents},\\n\\tauthor = {Olson, Donald R. and Paladini, Marc and Lober, William B. and Buckeridge, David L. and {ISDS Distribute Working Group}},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21894257},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3148528},\\n\\tpages = {RRN1251},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Olson, D. R.\",\"Paladini, M.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Buckeridge, D. L.\",\"ISDS Distribute Working Group\"],\"key\":\"olson_applying_2011\",\"id\":\"olson_applying_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"olson-paladini-lober-buckeridge-isdsdistributeworkinggroup-applyinganewmodelforsharingpopulationhealthdatatonationalsyndromicinfluenzasurveillancedistributeprojectproofofconcept2006to2009-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Extending functionality of and demonstrating integrated surveillance for public health within a prototype regional health information exchange\",\"issn\":\"1942-597X\",\"abstract\":\"At the HIMSS 2008 conference we demonstrated how multi-jurisdictional public health surveillance and monitoring processes could be supported and expedited through integration with a prototype health information exchange.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Painter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Randels\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kelly\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sibley\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jim\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Webster\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eric\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2008\",\"pmid\":\"18999244\",\"keywords\":\"Forms and Records Control, Medical Record Linkage, Pilot Projects, Public Health Informatics, Regional Medical Programs, Systems Integration, Washington\",\"pages\":\"969\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{painter_extending_2008,\\n\\ttitle = {Extending functionality of and demonstrating integrated surveillance for public health within a prototype regional health information exchange},\\n\\tissn = {1942-597X},\\n\\tabstract = {At the HIMSS 2008 conference we demonstrated how multi-jurisdictional public health surveillance and monitoring processes could be supported and expedited through integration with a prototype health information exchange.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Painter, Ian S. and Hills, Rebecca A. and Lober, William B. and Randels, Kelly M. and Sibley, Jim and Webster, Eric},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2008},\\n\\tpmid = {18999244},\\n\\tkeywords = {Forms and Records Control, Medical Record Linkage, Pilot Projects, Public Health Informatics, Regional Medical Programs, Systems Integration, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {969},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Painter, I. S.\",\"Hills, R. A.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Randels, K. M.\",\"Sibley, J.\",\"Webster, E.\"],\"key\":\"painter_extending_2008\",\"id\":\"painter_extending_2008\",\"bibbaseid\":\"painter-hills-lober-randels-sibley-webster-extendingfunctionalityofanddemonstratingintegratedsurveillanceforpublichealthwithinaprototyperegionalhealthinformationexchange-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Forms and Records Control\",\"Medical Record Linkage\",\"Pilot Projects\",\"Public Health Informatics\",\"Regional Medical Programs\",\"Systems Integration\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Public Health Practice within a Health Information Exchange: Information Needs and Barriers to Disease Surveillance\",\"volume\":\"4\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"shorttitle\":\"Public Health Practice within a Health Information Exchange\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277\",\"abstract\":\"INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals engage in frequent exchange of health information while pursuing the objectives of protecting and improving population health. Yet, there has been little study of the information work of public health workers with regard to information exchange. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of information work at a local health jurisdiction before and during the early stages of participation in a regional Health Information Exchange. METHODS: We investigated the information work of public health workers engaged in disease surveillance activities at a medium-sized local health jurisdiction by conducting semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzing interview transcripts. RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION WORK OF PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS REVEALED BARRIERS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: information system usability; data timeliness, accuracy and completeness; and social interaction with clients. We illustrate these barriers by focusing on the work of epidemiologists. CONCLUSION: Characterizing information work and barriers to information exchange for public health workers should be part of early system design efforts. A comprehensive understanding of the information practice of public health workers will inform the design of systems that better support public health work.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reeder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Blaine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2012\",\"pmid\":\"23569649\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3615831\",\"keywords\":\"CIRG Selected, Communication Barriers, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Information Services, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Practice\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{reeder_public_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}: {Information} {Needs} and {Barriers} to {Disease} {Surveillance}},\\n\\tvolume = {4},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277},\\n\\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals engage in frequent exchange of health information while pursuing the objectives of protecting and improving population health. Yet, there has been little study of the information work of public health workers with regard to information exchange. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of information work at a local health jurisdiction before and during the early stages of participation in a regional Health Information Exchange.\\nMETHODS: We investigated the information work of public health workers engaged in disease surveillance activities at a medium-sized local health jurisdiction by conducting semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzing interview transcripts.\\nRESULTS: ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION WORK OF PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS REVEALED BARRIERS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: information system usability; data timeliness, accuracy and completeness; and social interaction with clients. We illustrate these barriers by focusing on the work of epidemiologists.\\nCONCLUSION: Characterizing information work and barriers to information exchange for public health workers should be part of early system design efforts. A comprehensive understanding of the information practice of public health workers will inform the design of systems that better support public health work.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Hills, Rebecca A. and Baseman, Janet G. and Lober, William B.},\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tpmid = {23569649},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3615831},\\n\\tkeywords = {CIRG Selected, Communication Barriers, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Information Services, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Practice},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Reeder, B.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Hills, R. A.\",\"Baseman, J. G.\",\"Lober, W. B.\"],\"key\":\"reeder_public_2012\",\"id\":\"reeder_public_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"reeder-revere-hills-baseman-lober-publichealthpracticewithinahealthinformationexchangeinformationneedsandbarrierstodiseasesurveillance-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"CIRG Selected\",\"Communication Barriers\",\"Disease Notification\",\"Health Information Technology\",\"Information Services\",\"Public Health Informatics\",\"Public Health Practice\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"\\\"Blueprint version 2.0\\\": updating public health surveillance for the 21st century\",\"volume\":\"19\",\"issn\":\"1550-5022\",\"shorttitle\":\"\\\"Blueprint version 2.0\\\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1097/PHH.0b013e318262906e\",\"abstract\":\"Rapid changes to the United States public health system challenge the current strategic approach to surveillance. During 2011, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists convened national experts to reassess public health surveillance in the United States and update surveillance strategies that were published in a 1996 report and endorsed by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Although surveillance goals, historical influences, and most methods have not changed, surveillance is being transformed by 3 influences: public health information and preparedness as national security issues; new information technologies; and health care reform. Each offers opportunities for surveillance, but each also presents challenges that public health epidemiologists can best meet by rigorously applying surveillance evaluation concepts, engaging in national standardization activities driven by electronic technologies and health care reform, and ensuring an adequately trained epidemiology workforce.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smith\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Perry\",\"F.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hadler\"],\"firstnames\":[\"James\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stanbury\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martha\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rolfs\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Robert\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hopkins\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"CSTE Surveillance Strategy Group\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"pmid\":\"22759985\",\"keywords\":\"Government, Health Care Reform, History, 21st Century, Humans, Medical Informatics, Public Health Surveillance, United States\",\"pages\":\"231–239\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{smith_blueprint_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {\\\"{Blueprint} version 2.0\\\": updating public health surveillance for the 21st century},\\n\\tvolume = {19},\\n\\tissn = {1550-5022},\\n\\tshorttitle = {\\\"{Blueprint} version 2.0\\\"},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1097/PHH.0b013e318262906e},\\n\\tabstract = {Rapid changes to the United States public health system challenge the current strategic approach to surveillance. During 2011, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists convened national experts to reassess public health surveillance in the United States and update surveillance strategies that were published in a 1996 report and endorsed by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Although surveillance goals, historical influences, and most methods have not changed, surveillance is being transformed by 3 influences: public health information and preparedness as national security issues; new information technologies; and health care reform. Each offers opportunities for surveillance, but each also presents challenges that public health epidemiologists can best meet by rigorously applying surveillance evaluation concepts, engaging in national standardization activities driven by electronic technologies and health care reform, and ensuring an adequately trained epidemiology workforce.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP},\\n\\tauthor = {Smith, Perry F. and Hadler, James L. and Stanbury, Martha and Rolfs, Robert T. and Hopkins, Richard S. and {CSTE Surveillance Strategy Group}},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tpmid = {22759985},\\n\\tkeywords = {Government, Health Care Reform, History, 21st Century, Humans, Medical Informatics, Public Health Surveillance, United States},\\n\\tpages = {231--239},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Smith, P. F.\",\"Hadler, J. L.\",\"Stanbury, M.\",\"Rolfs, R. T.\",\"Hopkins, R. S.\",\"CSTE Surveillance Strategy Group\"],\"key\":\"smith_blueprint_2013\",\"id\":\"smith_blueprint_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"smith-hadler-stanbury-rolfs-hopkins-cstesurveillancestrategygroup-blueprintversion20updatingpublichealthsurveillanceforthe21stcentury-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Government\",\"Health Care Reform\",\"History\",\"21st Century\",\"Humans\",\"Medical Informatics\",\"Public Health Surveillance\",\"United States\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Integrating public health applications with commercial EMRs\",\"issn\":\"1942-597X\",\"abstract\":\"At HIMSS 2007, we demonstrated how three processes of public health agencies could be facilitated through use of a prototype health information exchange, satisfying the AHIC biosurveillance use case.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rodriguez\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C.\",\"V.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"W.\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sibley\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Webster\"],\"firstnames\":[\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Painter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2007\",\"pmid\":\"18694192\",\"keywords\":\"Humans, Influenza, Human, Information Systems, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Population Surveillance, Public Health Informatics, Systems Integration, Tuberculosis\",\"pages\":\"1095\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{rodriguez_integrating_2007,\\n\\ttitle = {Integrating public health applications with commercial {EMRs}},\\n\\tissn = {1942-597X},\\n\\tabstract = {At HIMSS 2007, we demonstrated how three processes of public health agencies could be facilitated through use of a prototype health information exchange, satisfying the AHIC biosurveillance use case.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Rodriguez, C. V. and Lober, W. B. and Sibley, J. and Webster, E. and Painter, I. and Karras, B. T.},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2007},\\n\\tpmid = {18694192},\\n\\tkeywords = {Humans, Influenza, Human, Information Systems, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Population Surveillance, Public Health Informatics, Systems Integration, Tuberculosis},\\n\\tpages = {1095},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rodriguez, C. V.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Sibley, J.\",\"Webster, E.\",\"Painter, I.\",\"Karras, B. T.\"],\"key\":\"rodriguez_integrating_2007\",\"id\":\"rodriguez_integrating_2007\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rodriguez-lober-sibley-webster-painter-karras-integratingpublichealthapplicationswithcommercialemrs-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Humans\",\"Influenza\",\"Human\",\"Information Systems\",\"Medical Records Systems\",\"Computerized\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Public Health Informatics\",\"Systems Integration\",\"Tuberculosis\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Emergency Department data for bioterrorism surveillance: electronic data availability, timeliness, sources and standards\",\"issn\":\"1942-597X\",\"shorttitle\":\"Emergency Department data for bioterrorism surveillance\",\"abstract\":\"Emergency Department (ED) data are a key component of bioterrorism surveillance systems. Little research has been done to examine differences in ED data capture and entry across hospitals, regions and states. The purpose of this study was to describe the current state of ED data for use in bioterrorism surveillance in 2 regions of the country. We found that chief complaint (CC) data are available electronically in 54% of the North Carolina EDs surveyed, and in 100% of the Seattle area EDs. Over half of all EDs reported that CCs are recorded in free text form. Though all EDs have electronic diagnosis data, less than half report that diagnoses are coded within 24 hours of the ED visit.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Travers\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debbie\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Waller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anna\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Haas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Stephanie\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Beard\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carmen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2003\",\"pmid\":\"14728256\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC1479948\",\"keywords\":\"Bioterrorism, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Emergency Service, Hospital, Hospital Information Systems, Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, North Carolina, Population Surveillance, Vocabulary, Controlled, Washington\",\"pages\":\"664–668\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{travers_emergency_2003,\\n\\ttitle = {Emergency {Department} data for bioterrorism surveillance: electronic data availability, timeliness, sources and standards},\\n\\tissn = {1942-597X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Emergency {Department} data for bioterrorism surveillance},\\n\\tabstract = {Emergency Department (ED) data are a key component of bioterrorism surveillance systems. Little research has been done to examine differences in ED data capture and entry across hospitals, regions and states. The purpose of this study was to describe the current state of ED data for use in bioterrorism surveillance in 2 regions of the country. We found that chief complaint (CC) data are available electronically in 54\\\\% of the North Carolina EDs surveyed, and in 100\\\\% of the Seattle area EDs. Over half of all EDs reported that CCs are recorded in free text form. Though all EDs have electronic diagnosis data, less than half report that diagnoses are coded within 24 hours of the ED visit.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Travers, Debbie A. and Waller, Anna and Haas, Stephanie W. and Lober, William B. and Beard, Carmen},\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tpmid = {14728256},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC1479948},\\n\\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Emergency Service, Hospital, Hospital Information Systems, Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, North Carolina, Population Surveillance, Vocabulary, Controlled, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {664--668},\\n}\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Travers, D. A.\",\"Waller, A.\",\"Haas, S. W.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Beard, C.\"],\"key\":\"travers_emergency_2003\",\"id\":\"travers_emergency_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"travers-waller-haas-lober-beard-emergencydepartmentdataforbioterrorismsurveillanceelectronicdataavailabilitytimelinesssourcesandstandards-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Bioterrorism\",\"Data Collection\",\"Disease Notification\",\"Emergency Service\",\"Hospital\",\"Hospital Information Systems\",\"Humans\",\"Medical Records Systems\",\"Computerized\",\"North Carolina\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Vocabulary\",\"Controlled\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"owner\":\"lober, w\",\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\"}},\n      ownerID: \"iRWrzJeT8tq5xr3RE\"\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing and then restoring');\n    site$ = $;\n    $ = null;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  if (site$) {\n    console.log('existing jquery: avoiding conflict and restoring');\n    bb$ = $.noConflict(true);\n    $ = site$;\n  } else {\n    bb$ = $;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"//bibbase.org/js/bibbase.min.js\"\n          type=\"text/javascript\">\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\"\n          src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/x-mathjax-config\">\n    MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\\\(','\\\\)']]},\n                        skipTags: [\"body\"],\n                        processClass: \"bibbase_paper\"});\n  </script>\n\n  <style>\n  @media print {\n    .dontprint {\n        display: none !important;\n    }\n\n  .bibbase_group {\n    background-color: #E0E0E0;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: larger;\n    text-shadow: 0px 0px 3px #FFFFFF;\n    border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -webkit-border-radius: 4px;\n    padding: 5px 40px 5px;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n  }\n\n  .bibbase_paper {\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n  }\n\n  }\n  </style>\n\n  \n  <div style=\"float: right; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: right; font-size: 12px\">\n    generated by\n    <a href=\"//bibbase.org\"\n       onclick=\"trackOutboundLink('bibbase', 'logo clicked', window.location.href, '//bibbase.org'); return false;\">\n      <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/logo.svg\"\n           style=\"vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 3px; height: 16px;\"/\n           alt=\"bibbase.org\"\n           title=\"BibBase – The easiest way to maintain your publications page.\"\n        ></a>\n    \n  </div>\n  \n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_header\" class=\"dontprint\" style=\"\">\n\n    <ul class=\"nav nav-pills\" style=\"margin: 0px;\">\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"groupby_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\">\n          Group by\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li class=\"groupby year\"><a onclick=\"groupby('year')\">\n            Year</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby author\"><a onclick=\"groupby('author_short')\">\n            Author</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby type\"><a onclick=\"groupby('type')\">\n            Type</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby keyword\"><a onclick=\"groupby('keyword')\">\n            Keyword</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby downloads\"><a onclick=\"groupby('downloads')\">\n            Downloads</a>\n        </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"menu_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\" alt=\"controls\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-reorder\" alt=\"controls\"></i>\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li>\n          <a onclick=\"toggleAll()\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-chevron-down fa-fw\"></i> Expand/Collapse All\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a download=\"items\" href=\"data:text/bibtex;base64,@article{michaels_blueprint_2021,
	title = {Blueprint for aligned data exchange for research and public health},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {1067-5027},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633601/},
	doi = {10.1093/jamia/ocab210},
	abstract = {Making EHR Data More Available for Research and Public Health (MedMorph) is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-led initiative developing and demonstrating a reference architecture (RA) and implementation, including Health Level Seven International Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR) implementation guides (IGs), describing how to leverage FHIR for aligned research and public health access to clinical data for automated data exchange. MedMorph engaged a technical expert panel of more than 100 members to model representative use cases, develop IGs (architectural and content), align with existing efforts in the FHIR community, and demonstrate the RA in research and public health uses. The RA IG documents common workflows needed to automatically send research data to Research Patient Data Repositories for multiple use cases. Sharing a common RA and canonical data model will improve data sharing for research and public health needs and generate evidence. MedMorph delivers a robust, reusable method to utilize data from electronic health records addressing multiple research and public health needs.},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2022-01-24},
	journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA},
	author = {Michaels, Maria and Syed, Sameemuddin and Lober, William B},
	month = oct,
	year = {2021},
	pmid = {34613371},
	pmcid = {PMC8633601},
	pages = {2702--2706},
}



@article{burkhardt_stayhome_2021,
	title = {{StayHome}: {A} {FHIR}-{Native} {Mobile} {COVID}-19 {Symptom} {Tracker} and {Public} {Health} {Reporting} {Tool}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	shorttitle = {{StayHome}},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075351/},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11462},
	abstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold and states experience the impacts of
reopened economies, it is critical to efficiently manage new outbreaks through
widespread testing and monitoring of both new and possible cases. Existing
labor-intensive public health workflows may benefit from information collection
directly from individuals through patient-reported outcomes (PROs) systems. Our
objective was to develop a reusable, mobile-friendly application for collecting
PROs and experiences to support COVID-19 symptom self-monitoring and data
sharing with appropriate public health agencies, using Fast Healthcare
Interoperability Resources (FHIR) for interoperability. We conducted a needs
assessment and designed and developed StayHome, a mobile PRO administration
tool. FHIR serves as the primary data model and driver of business logic.
Keycloak, AWS, Docker, and other technologies were used for deployment. Several
FHIR modules were used to create a novel “FHIR-native” application
design. By leveraging FHIR to shape not only the interface strategy but also the
information architecture of the application, StayHome enables the consistent
standards-based representation of data and reduces the barrier to integration
with public health information systems. FHIR supported rapid application
development by providing a domain-appropriate data model and tooling. FHIR
modules and implementation guides were referenced in design and implementation.
However, there are gaps in the FHIR specification which must be recognized and
addressed appropriately. StayHome is live and accessible to the public at
https://stayhome.app. The code and resources required to build
and deploy the application are available from https://github.com/uwcirg/stayhome-project.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2021-08-13},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Burkhardt, Hannah A. and Brandt, Pascal S. and Lee, Jenney R. and Karras, Sierramatice W. and Bugni, Paul F. and Cvitkovic, Ivan and Chen, Amy Y. and Lober, William B.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2021},
	pmid = {33936522},
	pmcid = {PMC8075351},
	pages = {e2},
}



@article{chen_wa_2021,
	title = {{WA} {Notify}: the planning and implementation of a {Bluetooth} exposure notification tool for {COVID}-19 pandemic response in {Washington} {State}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	shorttitle = {{WA} {Notify}},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216404/},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11694},
	abstract = {Bluetooth exposure notification tools for mobile phones have emerged as one way
to support public health contact tracing and mitigate the spread of COVID-19.
Many states have launched their own versions of these tools. Washington
State's exposure notification tool, WA Notify, became available on November
30, 2020, following a one-month Seattle campus pilot at the University of
Washington. By the end of April 2021, 25\% of the state's population had
activated WA Notify, one of the highest adoption rates in the country.
Washington State's formation of an Exposure Notification Advisory
Committee, early pilot testing, and use of the EN Express system framework were
all important factors in its adoption. Continuous monitoring and willingness to
make early adjustments such as switching to automated texting of verification
codes have also been important for improving the tool’s value. Evaluation
work is ongoing to determine and quantify WA Notify’s effectiveness,
timeliness, and accessibility.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2021-08-13},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Chen, Tiffany and Baseman, Janet and Lober, William B. and Hills, Rebecca and Klemfuss, Nola and Karras, Bryant T.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2021},
	pmid = {34178242},
	pmcid = {PMC8216404},
	pages = {e8},
}



@article{chapman_developing_2010,
	title = {Developing syndrome definitions based on consensus and current use},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1527-974X},
	doi = {10.1136/jamia.2010.003210},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Standardized surveillance syndromes do not exist but would facilitate sharing data among surveillance systems and comparing the accuracy of existing systems. The objective of this study was to create reference syndrome definitions from a consensus of investigators who currently have or are building syndromic surveillance systems.
DESIGN: Clinical condition-syndrome pairs were catalogued for 10 surveillance systems across the United States and the representatives of these systems were brought together for a workshop to discuss consensus syndrome definitions.
RESULTS: Consensus syndrome definitions were generated for the four syndromes monitored by the majority of the 10 participating surveillance systems: Respiratory, gastrointestinal, constitutional, and influenza-like illness (ILI). An important element in coming to consensus quickly was the development of a sensitive and specific definition for respiratory and gastrointestinal syndromes. After the workshop, the definitions were refined and supplemented with keywords and regular expressions, the keywords were mapped to standard vocabularies, and a web ontology language (OWL) ontology was created.
LIMITATIONS: The consensus definitions have not yet been validated through implementation.
CONCLUSION: The consensus definitions provide an explicit description of the current state-of-the-art syndromes used in automated surveillance, which can subsequently be systematically evaluated against real data to improve the definitions. The method for creating consensus definitions could be applied to other domains that have diverse existing definitions.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},
	author = {Chapman, Wendy W. and Dowling, John N. and Baer, Atar and Buckeridge, David L. and Cochrane, Dennis and Conway, Michael A. and Elkin, Peter and Espino, Jeremy and Gunn, Julia E. and Hales, Craig M. and Hutwagner, Lori and Keller, Mikaela and Larson, Catherine and Noe, Rebecca and Okhmatovskaia, Anya and Olson, Karen and Paladini, Marc and Scholer, Matthew and Sniegoski, Carol and Thompson, David and Lober, Bill},
	month = oct,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20819870},
	pmcid = {PMC2995670},
	keywords = {Communicable Diseases, Group Processes, Humans, Population Surveillance, Syndrome, United States},
	pages = {595--601},
}



@article{doctor_time-tradeoff_2008,
	title = {Time-tradeoff utilities for identifying and evaluating a minimum data set for time-critical biosurveillance},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0272-989X},
	doi = {10.1177/0272989X08317011},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Researchers and policy makers are interested in identifying, implementing, and evaluating a national minimum data set for biosurveillance. However, work remains to be done to establish methods for measuring the value of such data.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to establish and evaluate a method for measuring the utility of biosurveillance data.
METHOD: The authors derive an expected utility model in which the value of data may be determined by trading data relevance for time delay in receiving data. In a sample of 23 disease surveillance practitioners, the authors test if such tradeoffs are sensitive to the types of data elements involved (chief complaint v. emergency department [ED] log of visit) and proportional changes to the time horizon needed for receiving data (24 v. 48 h). In addition, they evaluate the logical error rate: the proportion of responses that scored less relevant data as having higher utility.
RESULTS: Utilities of chief complaints were significantly higher than ED log of visit, F(1, 21)= 5.60, P {\textless} 0.05, suggesting the method is sensitive. Further utilities did not depend on time horizon used in the exercise, F(1, 21) = 0.00, P = ns. Of 92 time tradeoffs elicited, there were 5 logical errors (i.e., 5\% logical error rate).
CONCLUSIONS: In this article, the authors establish a time-tradeoff exercise for valuing biosurveillance data. Empirically, the method shows initial promise for evaluating a minimum data set for biosurveillance. Future applications of this approach may prove useful in disease surveillance planning and evaluation.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Medical Decision Making: An International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making},
	author = {Doctor, Jason N. and Baseman, Janet G. and Lober, William B. and Davies, Jac and Kobayashi, John and Karras, Bryant T. and Fuller, Sherrilynne},
	month = jun,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18480039},
	keywords = {Adult, Biometry, Communicable Diseases, Disease Outbreaks, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Population Surveillance, Public Health, Time Factors, United States, Washington},
	pages = {351--358},
}



@article{eaton_visualizing_2015,
	title = {Visualizing the quality of partially accruing data for use in decision making},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v7i3.6096},
	abstract = {Secondary use of clinical health data for near real-time public health surveillance presents challenges surrounding its utility due to data quality issues. Data used for real-time surveillance must be timely, accurate and complete if it is to be useful; if incomplete data are used for surveillance, understanding the structure of the incompleteness is necessary. Such data are commonly aggregated due to privacy concerns. The Distribute project was a near real-time influenza-like-illness (ILI) surveillance system that relied on aggregated secondary clinical health data. The goal of this work is to disseminate the data quality tools developed to gain insight into the data quality problems associated with these data. These tools apply in general to any system where aggregate data are accrued over time and were created through the end-user-as-developer paradigm. Each tool was developed during the exploratory analysis to gain insight into structural aspects of data quality. Our key finding is that data quality of partially accruing data must be studied in the context of accrual lag-the difference between the time an event occurs and the time data for that event are received, i.e. the time at which data become available to the surveillance system. Our visualization methods therefore revolve around visualizing dimensions of data quality affected by accrual lag, in particular the tradeoff between timeliness and completion, and the effects of accrual lag on accuracy. Accounting for accrual lag in partially accruing data is necessary to avoid misleading or biased conclusions about trends in indicator values and data quality.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Eaton, Julia and Painter, Ian and Olson, Don and Lober, William B.},
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {27252794},
	pmcid = {PMC4874726},
	keywords = {accrual lag, data quality, data visualization, incomplete data, partially accruing data, real-time surveillance, secondary-use data},
	pages = {e226},
}



@article{hills_applying_2011,
	title = {Applying the {XForms} {Standard} to {Public} {Health} {Case} {Reporting} and {Alerting}},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656},
	abstract = {Notifiable condition reporting and alerting are two important public health functions. Today, a variety of methods are used to transfer these types of information. The increasing use of electronic health record systems by healthcare providers makes new types of electronic communication possible. We used the XForms standard and nationally recognized technical profiles to demonstrate the communication of both notifiable condition reports and patient-tailored public health alerts. This demonstration of bi-directional communication took placein a prototypical health information exchange environment. We successfully transferred information between provider electronic health record systems and public health systems for notifiable condition reporting. Patient-specific alerts were successfully sent from public health to provider systems. In this paper we discuss the benefits of XForms, including the use of XML, advanced form controls, form initialization and reduction in scripting. We also review implementation challenges, the maturity of the technology and its suitability for use in public health.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Hills, Rebecca A. and Baseman, Janet G. and Revere, Debra and Boge, Craig L. K. and Oberle, Mark W. and Doctor, Jason N. and Lober, William B.},
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {23569609},
	pmcid = {PMC3615786},
	keywords = {alerting, bi-directional communication, notifiable condition reporting, public health informatics, public health practice},
}



@article{lober_syndromic_2003,
	title = {Syndromic surveillance using automated collection of computerized discharge diagnoses},
	volume = {80},
	issn = {1099-3460},
	doi = {10.1007/pl00022320},
	abstract = {The Syndromic Surveillance Information Collection (SSIC) system aims to facilitate early detection of bioterrorism attacks (with such agents as anthrax, brucellosis, plague, Q fever, tularemia, smallpox, viral encephalitides, hemorrhagic fever, botulism toxins, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, etc.) and early detection of naturally occurring disease outbreaks, including large foodborne disease outbreaks, emerging infections, and pandemic influenza. This is accomplished using automated data collection of visit-level discharge diagnoses from heterogeneous clinical information systems, integrating those data into a common XML (Extensible Markup Language) form, and monitoring the results to detect unusual patterns of illness in the population. The system, operational since January 2001, collects, integrates, and displays data from three emergency department and urgent care (ED/UC) departments and nine primary care clinics by automatically mining data from the information systems of those facilities. With continued development, this system will constitute the foundation of a population-based surveillance system that will facilitate targeted investigation of clinical syndromes under surveillance and allow early detection of unusual clusters of illness compatible with bioterrorism or disease outbreaks.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2 Suppl 1},
	journal = {Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine},
	author = {Lober, William B. and Trigg, Lisa J. and Karras, Bryant T. and Bliss, David and Ciliberti, Jack and Stewart, Laurie and Duchin, Jeffrey S.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12791784},
	pmcid = {PMC3456541},
	keywords = {Bioterrorism, Data Collection, Databases as Topic, Disease Notification, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Patient Discharge, Public Health Informatics, Sentinel Surveillance, United States},
	pages = {i97--106},
}



@article{hills_timeliness_2012,
	title = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010: a comparison of data exchange methods},
	volume = {2012},
	issn = {1942-597X},
	shorttitle = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010},
	abstract = {Health information systems receive data through various methods. These data exchange methods have the potential to influence data quality. We assessed a de-identified 2010 dataset including 757,476 demographic records and 2,634,101 vaccination records from Washington State's Immunization Information System (IIS) to describe timeliness and completeness of IIS data across several data exchange methods: manual entry, HL7, and flat file upload. Overall, manually-entered data and HL7 records were more timely than records imported as flat files. Completeness, though very high overall, was slightly higher for records arriving via flat file. Washington State IIS users, including clinicians and public health, rely on its data to inform patient care and determine population coverage of immunizations. Our results suggest that although data element completeness in systems like Washington's IIS will likely not be immediately or significantly impacted by provider's migration to HL7 connections with IISs, timeliness could be substantially improved when using HL7 connections.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Hills, Rebecca A. and Revere, Debra and Altamore, Rita and Abernethy, Neil F. and Lober, William B.},
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {23304304},
	pmcid = {PMC3540489},
	keywords = {Birth Certificates, Child, Demography, Health Information Systems, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant, Quality Control, Vaccination, Washington},
	pages = {340--349},
}



@article{karras_development_2002,
	title = {Development and evaluation of public health informatics at {University} of {Washington}},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1078-4659},
	doi = {10.1097/00124784-200205000-00006},
	abstract = {Public Health Informatics (PHI) education began at the University of Washington (UW) with a Summer Institute in 1995. The Biomedical and Health Informatics graduate program, which is housed in the School of Medicine, is an interdisciplinary, multi-school program. It demonstrates the UW's cooperative efforts in advancing informatics, encompassing the schools of public health, medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, information and graduate schools in computer science. This article provides an overview of the developmental milestones related to activities in PHI and describes the evaluation strategy and assessment plan for PHI training at the UW (http://phig.washington.edu).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP},
	author = {Karras, Bryant Thomas and O'Carroll, Patrick and Oberle, Mark W. and Masuda, David and Lober, William B. and Robins, Lynne S. and Kim, Sara and Schaad, Doug C. and Scott, Craig S.},
	month = may,
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {15156623},
	keywords = {Curriculum, Educational Measurement, Humans, Medical Informatics, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Universities, Washington},
	pages = {37--43},
}



@article{karras_national_2002,
	title = {National {Pharmaceutical} {Stockpile} drill analysis using {XML} data collection on wireless {Java} phones},
	issn = {1531-605X},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244171/pdf/procamiasymp00001-0406.pdf},
	abstract = {This study describes an informatics effort to track subjects through a National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (NPS) distribution drill. The drill took place in Seattle on 1/24/2002. Washington and the State Department of Health are among the first in the nation to stage a NPS drill testing the distribution of medications to mock patients, thereby testing the treatment capacity of the plan given a post-anthrax exposure scenario. The goal of the Public Health Informatics Group at the University of Washington (www.phig.washington.edu) was to use informatics approaches to monitor subject numbers and elapsed time. This study compares accuracy of time measurements using a mobile phone Java application to traditional paper recording in a live drill of the NPS. Pearson correlation = 1.0 in 2 of 3 stations. Differences in last station measurements can be explained by delay in recording of the exit time. We discuss development of the application itself and lessons learned. (MeSH Bioterrorism, Informatics, Public Health)},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Karras, B. T. and Huq, S. Huq and Bliss, D. and Lober, W. B.},
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {12463848},
	pmcid = {PMC2244171},
	keywords = {Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bioterrorism, Cell Phone, Civil Defense, Communicable Disease Control, Data Collection, Disaster Planning, Government Agencies, Humans, Point-of-Care Systems, Programming Languages, Public Health Administration, Public Health Informatics, State Government, Washington},
	pages = {365--369},
}



@article{lober_communicable_2003,
	title = {Communicable disease case entry using {PDAs} and public wireless networks},
	issn = {1942-597X},
	abstract = {Concerns about detecting and responding to attacks with biowarfare agents have resulted in the development of deployable case reporting systems, e.g. RSVP. We implement a proof of concept web-based information system to be used securely from personal digital assistants over public wireless networks, by public health field workers for routine and emergent case reporting. The system collects data for a local health jurisdiction, provides content- and event-based notification, and forwards case reports to the Colorado State communicable disease reporting system (CEDRS). We believe this demonstrates a useful integration of portable and web-based technologies with public health practice.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Lober, W. B. and Bliss, D. and Dockrey, M. R. and Davidson, A. J. and Karras, B. T.},
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {14728422},
	pmcid = {PMC1480186},
	keywords = {Colorado, Communicable Diseases, Computers, Handheld, Disease Notification, Humans, Internet, Pilot Projects, Population Surveillance, User-Computer Interface},
	pages = {916},
}



@article{lober_information_2004,
	title = {Information system architectures for syndromic surveillance},
	volume = {53},
	issn = {2380-8942},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Public health agencies are developing the capacity to automatically acquire, integrate, and analyze clinical information for disease surveillance. The design of such surveillance systems might benefit from the incorporation of advanced architectures developed for biomedical data integration. Data integration is not unique to public health, and both information technology and academic research should influence development of these systems.
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this paper is to describe the essential architectural components of a syndromic surveillance information system and discuss existing and potential architectural approaches to data integration.
METHODS: This paper examines the role of data elements, vocabulary standards, data extraction, transport and security, transformation and normalization, and analysis data sets in developing disease-surveillance systems. It then discusses automated surveillance systems in the context of biomedical and computer science research in data integration, both to characterize existing systems and to indicate potential avenues of investigation to build systems that support public health practice.
RESULTS: The Public Health Information Network (PHIN) identifies best practices for essential architectural components of a syndromic surveillance system. A schema for classifying biomedical data-integration software is useful for classifying present approaches to syndromic surveillance and for describing architectural variation.
CONCLUSIONS: Public health informatics and computer science research in data-integration systems can supplement approaches recommended by PHIN and provide information for future public health surveillance systems.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {MMWR supplements},
	author = {Lober, William B. and Trigg, L. and Karras, B.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15717393},
	keywords = {Bioterrorism, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Population Surveillance, Public Health Administration, Public Health Informatics},
	pages = {203--208},
}



@article{lober_collection_2004,
	title = {Collection and integration of clinical data for surveillance},
	volume = {107},
	issn = {0926-9630},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The syndromic surveillance project at Public Health-Seattle \& King County incorporates several data sources, including emergency department and primary care visit data collected and normalized through an automated mechanism. We describe significant changes made in this "second generation" of our system to improve data quality while complying with privacy and state public health reporting regulations.
METHODS/RESULTS: The system uses de-identified visit and patient numbers to assure data accuracy, while shielding patient identity. Presently, we have 124,000 basic visit records (used to generate stratified denominators), and 29,000 surveillance records, from four emergency departments and a primary care clinic network. The system is capable of producing syndrome-clustered data sets for analysis.
DISCUSSION: We have incorporated data collection techniques such as automated querying, report parsing, and HL7 electronic data interchange. We are expanding the system to include greater population coverage, and developing an understanding how to implement data collections more rapidly at individual hospital sites, as well as how best to prepare the data for analysis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {Pt 2},
	journal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},
	author = {Lober, William B. and Baer, Atar and Karras, Bryant T. and Duchin, Jeffery S.},
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15361005},
	keywords = {Bioterrorism, Computer Systems, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Disease Outbreaks, Electronic Data Processing, Emergency Service, Hospital, Humans, Population Surveillance, Public Health Informatics, Software Design, Washington},
	pages = {1211--1215},
}



@article{lober_technical_2014,
	title = {Technical {Description} of the {Distribute} {Project}: {A} {Community}-based {Syndromic} {Surveillance} {System} {Implementation}},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	shorttitle = {Technical {Description} of the {Distribute} {Project}},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v5i3.4938},
	abstract = {This paper describes the design of a syndromic surveillance system implemented for community-based monitoring of influenza-like illness. The system began as collaboration between colleagues from state and large metropolitan area health jurisdictions, academic institutions, and the non-profit, International Society for Disease Surveillance. Over the six influenza seasons from 2006 to 2012, the system was automated and enhanced, with new features and infrastructure, and the resulting, reliable, enterprise grade system supported peer comparisons between 44 state and local public health jurisdictions who voluntarily contributed summarized data on influenza-like illness and gastrointestinal syndromes. The system was unusual in that it addressed the needs of a widely distributed, voluntary, community engaged in real-time data integration to support operational public health.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Lober, William B. and Reeder, Blaine and Painter, Ian and Revere, Debra and Goldov, Kim and Bugni, Paul F. and McReynolds, Justin and Olson, Donald R.},
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24678377},
	pmcid = {PMC3959914},
	keywords = {CIRG\_Selected, Internet, public health standards, secondary use of health data, surveillance practice, syndromic surveillance},
	pages = {224},
}



@article{lumley_open_2005,
	title = {An open source environment for the statistical evaluation of outbreak detection methods},
	issn = {1942-597X},
	abstract = {We describe the design and initial steps to implementation of a computational framework for evaluating outbreak detection methods. The framework will include components for combining simulated and historical data to create artificial outbreaks and components that implement various outbreak detection algorithms. The first algorithms to be implemented are the three Cumulative Sums (cusum) methods described in the CDC Early Aberration Reporting System.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Lumley, Thomas and Sebestyen, Krisztian and Lober, William B. and Painter, Ian},
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {16779324},
	pmcid = {PMC1560726},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Models, Statistical, Population Surveillance, Programming Languages, Public Health Informatics},
	pages = {1037},
}



@article{lober_roundtable_2002,
	title = {Roundtable on bioterrorism detection: information system-based surveillance},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1067-5027},
	shorttitle = {Roundtable on bioterrorism detection},
	doi = {10.1197/jamia.m1052},
	abstract = {During the 2001 AMIA Annual Symposium, the Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Emergency Medicine Working Group hosted the Roundtable on Bioterrorism Detection. Sixty-four people attended the roundtable discussion, during which several researchers discussed public health surveillance systems designed to enhance early detection of bioterrorism events. These systems make secondary use of existing clinical, laboratory, paramedical, and pharmacy data or facilitate electronic case reporting by clinicians. This paper combines case reports of six existing systems with discussion of some common techniques and approaches. The purpose of the roundtable discussion was to foster communication among researchers and promote progress by 1) sharing information about systems, including origins, current capabilities, stages of deployment, and architectures; 2) sharing lessons learned during the development and implementation of systems; and 3) exploring cooperation projects, including the sharing of software and data. A mailing list server for these ongoing efforts may be found at http://bt.cirg.washington.edu.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},
	author = {Lober, William B. and Karras, Bryant Thomas and Wagner, Michael M. and Overhage, J. Marc and Davidson, Arthur J. and Fraser, Hamish and Trigg, Lisa J. and Mandl, Kenneth D. and Espino, Jeremy U. and Tsui, Fu-Chiang},
	month = apr,
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {11861622},
	pmcid = {PMC344564},
	keywords = {Bioterrorism, CIRG\_Selected, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Population Surveillance, United States},
	pages = {105--115},
}



@article{mikles_utilizing_2017,
	title = {Utilizing {Standard} {Data} {Transactions} and {Public}-{Private} {Partnerships} to {Support} {Healthy} {Weight} {Within} the {Community}},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {2327-9214},
	doi = {10.5334/egems.242},
	abstract = {Context: Obesity is a significant health issue in the United States that both clinical and public health systems struggle to address. Electronic health record data could help support multi-sectoral interventions to address obesity. Standards have been identified and created to support the electronic exchange of weight-related data across many stakeholder groups.
Case Description: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated a public-private partnership including government, industry, and academic technology partners to develop workflow scenarios and supporting systems to exchange weight-related data through standard transactions. This partnership tested the transmission of data using this newly-defined Healthy Weight (HW) profile at multiple health data interoperability demonstration events.
Findings: Five transaction types were tested by 12 partners who demonstrated how the standards and related systems support end-to-end workflows around managing weight-related issues in the community. The standard transactions were successfully tested at two Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Connectathon events through 86 validated tests encompassing 38 multi-partner transactions.
Discussion: We have successfully demonstrated the transactions defined in the HW profile with a public-private partnership. These tested IT products and HW standards could be used to support a continuum of care around health related issues encompassing both health care and public health functions.
Conclusion: The use of the HW profile, including a set of transactions and identified standards to implement those transactions, in IT products is a helpful first step in leveraging health information technology to address weight-related issues in the United States. Future work is needed to expand the use of these standards and to assess their use in real world settings.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {EGEMS (Washington, DC)},
	author = {Mikles, Sean P. and Wiltz, Jennifer L. and Reed-Fourquet, Lori and Painter, Ian S. and Lober, William B.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2017},
	pmid = {29930962},
	pmcid = {PMC5994932},
	keywords = {CIRG\_Selected},
	pages = {21},
}



@article{reeder_perceived_2011,
	title = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system: a pilot qualitative evaluation study},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {1756-0500},
	shorttitle = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system},
	doi = {10.1186/1756-0500-4-187},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot utility evaluation and information needs assessment of the Distribute Project at the 2010 Washington State Public Health Association (WSPHA) Joint Conference. Distribute is a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system and network for detection of influenza-like illness (ILI). Using qualitative methods, we assessed the perceived usefulness of the Distribute system and explored areas for improvement. Nine state and local public health professionals participated in a focus group (n = 6) and in semi-structured interviews (n = 3). Field notes were taken, summarized and analyzed.
FINDINGS: Several emergent themes that contribute to the perceived usefulness of system data and the Distribute system were identified: 1) Standardization: a common ILI syndrome definition; 2) Regional Comparability: views that support county-by-county comparisons of syndromic surveillance data; 3) Completeness: complete data for all expected data at a given time; 4) Coverage: data coverage of all jurisdictions in WA state; 5) CONTEXT: metadata incorporated into the views to provide context for graphed data; 6) Trusted Data: verification that information is valid and timely; and 7) Customization: the ability to customize views as necessary. As a result of the focus group, a new county level health jurisdiction expressed interest in contributing data to the Distribute system.
CONCLUSION: The resulting themes from this study can be used to guide future information design efforts for the Distribute system and other syndromic surveillance systems. In addition, this study demonstrates the benefits of conducting a low cost, qualitative evaluation at a professional conference.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC research notes},
	author = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Olson, Donald R. and Lober, William B.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21672242},
	pmcid = {PMC3146436},
	pages = {187},
}



@article{mandl_implementing_2004,
	title = {Implementing syndromic surveillance: a practical guide informed by the early experience},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1067-5027},
	shorttitle = {Implementing syndromic surveillance},
	doi = {10.1197/jamia.M1356},
	abstract = {Syndromic surveillance refers to methods relying on detection of individual and population health indicators that are discernible before confirmed diagnoses are made. In particular, prior to the laboratory confirmation of an infectious disease, ill persons may exhibit behavioral patterns, symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings that can be tracked through a variety of data sources. Syndromic surveillance systems are being developed locally, regionally, and nationally. The efforts have been largely directed at facilitating the early detection of a covert bioterrorist attack, but the technology may also be useful for general public health, clinical medicine, quality improvement, patient safety, and research. This report, authored by developers and methodologists involved in the design and deployment of the first wave of syndromic surveillance systems, is intended to serve as a guide for informaticians, public health managers, and practitioners who are currently planning deployment of such systems in their regions.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},
	author = {Mandl, Kenneth D. and Overhage, J. Marc and Wagner, Michael M. and Lober, William B. and Sebastiani, Paola and Mostashari, Farzad and Pavlin, Julie A. and Gesteland, Per H. and Treadwell, Tracee and Koski, Eileen and Hutwagner, Lori and Buckeridge, David L. and Aller, Raymond D. and Grannis, Shaun},
	month = apr,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {14633933},
	pmcid = {PMC353021},
	keywords = {Bioterrorism, Confidentiality, Disease Outbreaks, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Population Surveillance, Public Health, United States},
	pages = {141--150},
}



@article{olson_applying_2011,
	title = {Applying a {New} {Model} for {Sharing} {Population} {Health} {Data} to {National} {Syndromic} {Influenza} {Surveillance}: {DiSTRIBuTE} {Project} {Proof} of {Concept}, 2006 to 2009},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {2157-3999},
	shorttitle = {Applying a {New} {Model} for {Sharing} {Population} {Health} {Data} to {National} {Syndromic} {Influenza} {Surveillance}},
	doi = {10.1371/currents.RRN1251},
	abstract = {The Distributed Surveillance Taskforce for Real-time Influenza Burden Tracking and Evaluation (DiSTRIBuTE) project began as a pilot effort initiated by the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) in autumn 2006 to create a collaborative electronic emergency department (ED) syndromic influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance network based on existing state and local systems and expertise. DiSTRIBuTE brought together health departments that were interested in: 1) sharing aggregate level data; 2) maintaining jurisdictional control; 3) minimizing barriers to participation; and 4) leveraging the flexibility of local systems to create a dynamic and collaborative surveillance network. This approach was in contrast to the prevailing paradigm for surveillance where record level information was collected, stored and analyzed centrally. The DiSTRIBuTE project was created with a distributed design, where individual level data remained local and only summarized, stratified counts were reported centrally, thus minimizing privacy risks. The project was responsive to federal mandates to improve integration of federal, state, and local biosurveillance capabilities. During the proof of concept phase, 2006 to 2009, ten jurisdictions from across North America sent ISDS on a daily to weekly basis year-round, aggregated data by day, stratified by local ILI syndrome, age-group and region. During this period, data from participating U.S. state or local health departments captured over 13\% of all ED visits nationwide. The initiative focused on state and local health department trust, expertise, and control. Morbidity trends observed in DiSTRIBuTE were highly correlated with other influenza surveillance measures. With the emergence of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the spring of 2009, the project was used to support information sharing and ad hoc querying at the state and local level. In the fall of 2009, through a broadly collaborative effort, the project was expanded to enhance electronic ED surveillance nationwide.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {PLoS currents},
	author = {Olson, Donald R. and Paladini, Marc and Lober, William B. and Buckeridge, David L. and {ISDS Distribute Working Group}},
	month = aug,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21894257},
	pmcid = {PMC3148528},
	pages = {RRN1251},
}



@article{painter_extending_2008,
	title = {Extending functionality of and demonstrating integrated surveillance for public health within a prototype regional health information exchange},
	issn = {1942-597X},
	abstract = {At the HIMSS 2008 conference we demonstrated how multi-jurisdictional public health surveillance and monitoring processes could be supported and expedited through integration with a prototype health information exchange.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Painter, Ian S. and Hills, Rebecca A. and Lober, William B. and Randels, Kelly M. and Sibley, Jim and Webster, Eric},
	month = nov,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18999244},
	keywords = {Forms and Records Control, Medical Record Linkage, Pilot Projects, Public Health Informatics, Regional Medical Programs, Systems Integration, Washington},
	pages = {969},
}



@article{reeder_public_2012,
	title = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}: {Information} {Needs} and {Barriers} to {Disease} {Surveillance}},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	shorttitle = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals engage in frequent exchange of health information while pursuing the objectives of protecting and improving population health. Yet, there has been little study of the information work of public health workers with regard to information exchange. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of information work at a local health jurisdiction before and during the early stages of participation in a regional Health Information Exchange.
METHODS: We investigated the information work of public health workers engaged in disease surveillance activities at a medium-sized local health jurisdiction by conducting semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzing interview transcripts.
RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION WORK OF PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS REVEALED BARRIERS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: information system usability; data timeliness, accuracy and completeness; and social interaction with clients. We illustrate these barriers by focusing on the work of epidemiologists.
CONCLUSION: Characterizing information work and barriers to information exchange for public health workers should be part of early system design efforts. A comprehensive understanding of the information practice of public health workers will inform the design of systems that better support public health work.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Hills, Rebecca A. and Baseman, Janet G. and Lober, William B.},
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {23569649},
	pmcid = {PMC3615831},
	keywords = {CIRG Selected, Communication Barriers, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Information Services, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Practice},
}



@article{smith_blueprint_2013,
	title = {"{Blueprint} version 2.0": updating public health surveillance for the 21st century},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1550-5022},
	shorttitle = {"{Blueprint} version 2.0"},
	doi = {10.1097/PHH.0b013e318262906e},
	abstract = {Rapid changes to the United States public health system challenge the current strategic approach to surveillance. During 2011, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists convened national experts to reassess public health surveillance in the United States and update surveillance strategies that were published in a 1996 report and endorsed by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Although surveillance goals, historical influences, and most methods have not changed, surveillance is being transformed by 3 influences: public health information and preparedness as national security issues; new information technologies; and health care reform. Each offers opportunities for surveillance, but each also presents challenges that public health epidemiologists can best meet by rigorously applying surveillance evaluation concepts, engaging in national standardization activities driven by electronic technologies and health care reform, and ensuring an adequately trained epidemiology workforce.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP},
	author = {Smith, Perry F. and Hadler, James L. and Stanbury, Martha and Rolfs, Robert T. and Hopkins, Richard S. and {CSTE Surveillance Strategy Group}},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {22759985},
	keywords = {Government, Health Care Reform, History, 21st Century, Humans, Medical Informatics, Public Health Surveillance, United States},
	pages = {231--239},
}



@article{rodriguez_integrating_2007,
	title = {Integrating public health applications with commercial {EMRs}},
	issn = {1942-597X},
	abstract = {At HIMSS 2007, we demonstrated how three processes of public health agencies could be facilitated through use of a prototype health information exchange, satisfying the AHIC biosurveillance use case.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Rodriguez, C. V. and Lober, W. B. and Sibley, J. and Webster, E. and Painter, I. and Karras, B. T.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {18694192},
	keywords = {Humans, Influenza, Human, Information Systems, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Population Surveillance, Public Health Informatics, Systems Integration, Tuberculosis},
	pages = {1095},
}



@article{travers_emergency_2003,
	title = {Emergency {Department} data for bioterrorism surveillance: electronic data availability, timeliness, sources and standards},
	issn = {1942-597X},
	shorttitle = {Emergency {Department} data for bioterrorism surveillance},
	abstract = {Emergency Department (ED) data are a key component of bioterrorism surveillance systems. Little research has been done to examine differences in ED data capture and entry across hospitals, regions and states. The purpose of this study was to describe the current state of ED data for use in bioterrorism surveillance in 2 regions of the country. We found that chief complaint (CC) data are available electronically in 54\% of the North Carolina EDs surveyed, and in 100\% of the Seattle area EDs. Over half of all EDs reported that CCs are recorded in free text form. Though all EDs have electronic diagnosis data, less than half report that diagnoses are coded within 24 hours of the ED visit.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Travers, Debbie A. and Waller, Anna and Haas, Stephanie W. and Lober, William B. and Beard, Carmen},
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {14728256},
	pmcid = {PMC1479948},
	keywords = {Bioterrorism, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Emergency Service, Hospital, Hospital Information Systems, Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, North Carolina, Population Surveillance, Vocabulary, Controlled, Washington},
	pages = {664--668},
}
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In order to keep using Mendeley with BibBase past April\n        14th, you need to:\n        <ol>\n          <li>renew the authorization for BibBase on Mendeley, and</li>\n          <li>update the BibBase URL\n            in your page the same way you did when you initially set up\n            this page.\n          </li>\n        </ol>\n      </p>\n\n      <p>\n        <a href=\"http://bibbase.org/cgi-bin/mendeley2/get.py\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\"></i>\n          Fix it now</a>\n      </p>\n    </div>\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_body\">\n    \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2021\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2021</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"michaels-syed-lober-blueprintforaligneddataexchangeforresearchandpublichealth-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Michaels, M.; Syed, S.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633601/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'michaels-syed-lober-blueprintforaligneddataexchangeforresearchandpublichealth-2021', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633601/', event);\">\n    Blueprint for aligned data exchange for research and public health.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA</i>, 28(12): 2702–2706. October 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633601/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('michaels-syed-lober-blueprintforaligneddataexchangeforresearchandpublichealth-2021', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633601/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Blueprint for aligned data exchange for research and public health [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab210\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('michaels-syed-lober-blueprintforaligneddataexchangeforresearchandpublichealth-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab210', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/michaels-syed-lober-blueprintforaligneddataexchangeforresearchandpublichealth-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('michaels-syed-lober-blueprintforaligneddataexchangeforresearchandpublichealth-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{michaels_blueprint_2021,\n\ttitle = {Blueprint for aligned data exchange for research and public health},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {1067-5027},\n\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8633601/},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jamia/ocab210},\n\tabstract = {Making EHR Data More Available for Research and Public Health (MedMorph) is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-led initiative developing and demonstrating a reference architecture (RA) and implementation, including Health Level Seven International Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR) implementation guides (IGs), describing how to leverage FHIR for aligned research and public health access to clinical data for automated data exchange. MedMorph engaged a technical expert panel of more than 100 members to model representative use cases, develop IGs (architectural and content), align with existing efforts in the FHIR community, and demonstrate the RA in research and public health uses. The RA IG documents common workflows needed to automatically send research data to Research Patient Data Repositories for multiple use cases. Sharing a common RA and canonical data model will improve data sharing for research and public health needs and generate evidence. MedMorph delivers a robust, reusable method to utilize data from electronic health records addressing multiple research and public health needs.},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2022-01-24},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA},\n\tauthor = {Michaels, Maria and Syed, Sameemuddin and Lober, William B},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpmid = {34613371},\n\tpmcid = {PMC8633601},\n\tpages = {2702--2706},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Making EHR Data More Available for Research and Public Health (MedMorph) is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-led initiative developing and demonstrating a reference architecture (RA) and implementation, including Health Level Seven International Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR) implementation guides (IGs), describing how to leverage FHIR for aligned research and public health access to clinical data for automated data exchange. MedMorph engaged a technical expert panel of more than 100 members to model representative use cases, develop IGs (architectural and content), align with existing efforts in the FHIR community, and demonstrate the RA in research and public health uses. The RA IG documents common workflows needed to automatically send research data to Research Patient Data Repositories for multiple use cases. Sharing a common RA and canonical data model will improve data sharing for research and public health needs and generate evidence. MedMorph delivers a robust, reusable method to utilize data from electronic health records addressing multiple research and public health needs.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"burkhardt-brandt-lee-karras-bugni-cvitkovic-chen-lober-stayhomeafhirnativemobilecovid19symptomtrackerandpublichealthreportingtool-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Burkhardt, H. A.; Brandt, P. S.; Lee, J. R.; Karras, S. W.; Bugni, P. F.; Cvitkovic, I.; Chen, A. Y.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075351/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'burkhardt-brandt-lee-karras-bugni-cvitkovic-chen-lober-stayhomeafhirnativemobilecovid19symptomtrackerandpublichealthreportingtool-2021', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075351/', event);\">\n    StayHome: A FHIR-Native Mobile COVID-19 Symptom Tracker and Public Health Reporting Tool.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 13(1): e2. March 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075351/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('burkhardt-brandt-lee-karras-bugni-cvitkovic-chen-lober-stayhomeafhirnativemobilecovid19symptomtrackerandpublichealthreportingtool-2021', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075351/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"StayHome: A FHIR-Native Mobile COVID-19 Symptom Tracker and Public Health Reporting Tool [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11462\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('burkhardt-brandt-lee-karras-bugni-cvitkovic-chen-lober-stayhomeafhirnativemobilecovid19symptomtrackerandpublichealthreportingtool-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11462', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/burkhardt-brandt-lee-karras-bugni-cvitkovic-chen-lober-stayhomeafhirnativemobilecovid19symptomtrackerandpublichealthreportingtool-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>6 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('burkhardt-brandt-lee-karras-bugni-cvitkovic-chen-lober-stayhomeafhirnativemobilecovid19symptomtrackerandpublichealthreportingtool-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{burkhardt_stayhome_2021,\n\ttitle = {{StayHome}: {A} {FHIR}-{Native} {Mobile} {COVID}-19 {Symptom} {Tracker} and {Public} {Health} {Reporting} {Tool}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tshorttitle = {{StayHome}},\n\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075351/},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11462},\n\tabstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold and states experience the impacts of\nreopened economies, it is critical to efficiently manage new outbreaks through\nwidespread testing and monitoring of both new and possible cases. Existing\nlabor-intensive public health workflows may benefit from information collection\ndirectly from individuals through patient-reported outcomes (PROs) systems. Our\nobjective was to develop a reusable, mobile-friendly application for collecting\nPROs and experiences to support COVID-19 symptom self-monitoring and data\nsharing with appropriate public health agencies, using Fast Healthcare\nInteroperability Resources (FHIR) for interoperability. We conducted a needs\nassessment and designed and developed StayHome, a mobile PRO administration\ntool. FHIR serves as the primary data model and driver of business logic.\nKeycloak, AWS, Docker, and other technologies were used for deployment. Several\nFHIR modules were used to create a novel “FHIR-native” application\ndesign. By leveraging FHIR to shape not only the interface strategy but also the\ninformation architecture of the application, StayHome enables the consistent\nstandards-based representation of data and reduces the barrier to integration\nwith public health information systems. FHIR supported rapid application\ndevelopment by providing a domain-appropriate data model and tooling. FHIR\nmodules and implementation guides were referenced in design and implementation.\nHowever, there are gaps in the FHIR specification which must be recognized and\naddressed appropriately. StayHome is live and accessible to the public at\nhttps://stayhome.app. The code and resources required to build\nand deploy the application are available from https://github.com/uwcirg/stayhome-project.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2021-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Burkhardt, Hannah A. and Brandt, Pascal S. and Lee, Jenney R. and Karras, Sierramatice W. and Bugni, Paul F. and Cvitkovic, Ivan and Chen, Amy Y. and Lober, William B.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpmid = {33936522},\n\tpmcid = {PMC8075351},\n\tpages = {e2},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold and states experience the impacts of reopened economies, it is critical to efficiently manage new outbreaks through widespread testing and monitoring of both new and possible cases. Existing labor-intensive public health workflows may benefit from information collection directly from individuals through patient-reported outcomes (PROs) systems. Our objective was to develop a reusable, mobile-friendly application for collecting PROs and experiences to support COVID-19 symptom self-monitoring and data sharing with appropriate public health agencies, using Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) for interoperability. We conducted a needs assessment and designed and developed StayHome, a mobile PRO administration tool. FHIR serves as the primary data model and driver of business logic. Keycloak, AWS, Docker, and other technologies were used for deployment. Several FHIR modules were used to create a novel “FHIR-native” application design. By leveraging FHIR to shape not only the interface strategy but also the information architecture of the application, StayHome enables the consistent standards-based representation of data and reduces the barrier to integration with public health information systems. FHIR supported rapid application development by providing a domain-appropriate data model and tooling. FHIR modules and implementation guides were referenced in design and implementation. However, there are gaps in the FHIR specification which must be recognized and addressed appropriately. StayHome is live and accessible to the public at https://stayhome.app. The code and resources required to build and deploy the application are available from https://github.com/uwcirg/stayhome-project.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"chen-baseman-lober-hills-klemfuss-karras-wanotifytheplanningandimplementationofabluetoothexposurenotificationtoolforcovid19pandemicresponseinwashingtonstate-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Chen, T.; Baseman, J.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Hills, R.; Klemfuss, N.;  and Karras, B. T.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216404/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'chen-baseman-lober-hills-klemfuss-karras-wanotifytheplanningandimplementationofabluetoothexposurenotificationtoolforcovid19pandemicresponseinwashingtonstate-2021', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216404/', event);\">\n    WA Notify: the planning and implementation of a Bluetooth exposure notification tool for COVID-19 pandemic response in Washington State.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 13(1): e8. June 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216404/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('chen-baseman-lober-hills-klemfuss-karras-wanotifytheplanningandimplementationofabluetoothexposurenotificationtoolforcovid19pandemicresponseinwashingtonstate-2021', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216404/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"WA Notify: the planning and implementation of a Bluetooth exposure notification tool for COVID-19 pandemic response in Washington State [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11694\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('chen-baseman-lober-hills-klemfuss-karras-wanotifytheplanningandimplementationofabluetoothexposurenotificationtoolforcovid19pandemicresponseinwashingtonstate-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11694', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/chen-baseman-lober-hills-klemfuss-karras-wanotifytheplanningandimplementationofabluetoothexposurenotificationtoolforcovid19pandemicresponseinwashingtonstate-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('chen-baseman-lober-hills-klemfuss-karras-wanotifytheplanningandimplementationofabluetoothexposurenotificationtoolforcovid19pandemicresponseinwashingtonstate-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{chen_wa_2021,\n\ttitle = {{WA} {Notify}: the planning and implementation of a {Bluetooth} exposure notification tool for {COVID}-19 pandemic response in {Washington} {State}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tshorttitle = {{WA} {Notify}},\n\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216404/},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11694},\n\tabstract = {Bluetooth exposure notification tools for mobile phones have emerged as one way\nto support public health contact tracing and mitigate the spread of COVID-19.\nMany states have launched their own versions of these tools. Washington\nState&#x27;s exposure notification tool, WA Notify, became available on November\n30, 2020, following a one-month Seattle campus pilot at the University of\nWashington. By the end of April 2021, 25\\% of the state&#x27;s population had\nactivated WA Notify, one of the highest adoption rates in the country.\nWashington State&#x27;s formation of an Exposure Notification Advisory\nCommittee, early pilot testing, and use of the EN Express system framework were\nall important factors in its adoption. Continuous monitoring and willingness to\nmake early adjustments such as switching to automated texting of verification\ncodes have also been important for improving the tool’s value. Evaluation\nwork is ongoing to determine and quantify WA Notify’s effectiveness,\ntimeliness, and accessibility.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2021-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Chen, Tiffany and Baseman, Janet and Lober, William B. and Hills, Rebecca and Klemfuss, Nola and Karras, Bryant T.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpmid = {34178242},\n\tpmcid = {PMC8216404},\n\tpages = {e8},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Bluetooth exposure notification tools for mobile phones have emerged as one way to support public health contact tracing and mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Many states have launched their own versions of these tools. Washington State's exposure notification tool, WA Notify, became available on November 30, 2020, following a one-month Seattle campus pilot at the University of Washington. By the end of April 2021, 25% of the state's population had activated WA Notify, one of the highest adoption rates in the country. Washington State's formation of an Exposure Notification Advisory Committee, early pilot testing, and use of the EN Express system framework were all important factors in its adoption. Continuous monitoring and willingness to make early adjustments such as switching to automated texting of verification codes have also been important for improving the tool’s value. Evaluation work is ongoing to determine and quantify WA Notify’s effectiveness, timeliness, and accessibility.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2017\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2017</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mikles-wiltz-reedfourquet-painter-lober-utilizingstandarddatatransactionsandpublicprivatepartnershipstosupporthealthyweightwithinthecommunity-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Mikles, S. P.; Wiltz, J. L.; Reed-Fourquet, L.; Painter, I. S.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Utilizing Standard Data Transactions and Public-Private Partnerships to Support Healthy Weight Within the Community.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>EGEMS (Washington, DC)</i>, 5(1): 21. December 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5334/egems.242\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mikles-wiltz-reedfourquet-painter-lober-utilizingstandarddatatransactionsandpublicprivatepartnershipstosupporthealthyweightwithinthecommunity-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.5334/egems.242', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mikles-wiltz-reedfourquet-painter-lober-utilizingstandarddatatransactionsandpublicprivatepartnershipstosupporthealthyweightwithinthecommunity-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mikles-wiltz-reedfourquet-painter-lober-utilizingstandarddatatransactionsandpublicprivatepartnershipstosupporthealthyweightwithinthecommunity-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{mikles_utilizing_2017,\n\ttitle = {Utilizing {Standard} {Data} {Transactions} and {Public}-{Private} {Partnerships} to {Support} {Healthy} {Weight} {Within} the {Community}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2327-9214},\n\tdoi = {10.5334/egems.242},\n\tabstract = {Context: Obesity is a significant health issue in the United States that both clinical and public health systems struggle to address. Electronic health record data could help support multi-sectoral interventions to address obesity. Standards have been identified and created to support the electronic exchange of weight-related data across many stakeholder groups.\nCase Description: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated a public-private partnership including government, industry, and academic technology partners to develop workflow scenarios and supporting systems to exchange weight-related data through standard transactions. This partnership tested the transmission of data using this newly-defined Healthy Weight (HW) profile at multiple health data interoperability demonstration events.\nFindings: Five transaction types were tested by 12 partners who demonstrated how the standards and related systems support end-to-end workflows around managing weight-related issues in the community. The standard transactions were successfully tested at two Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Connectathon events through 86 validated tests encompassing 38 multi-partner transactions.\nDiscussion: We have successfully demonstrated the transactions defined in the HW profile with a public-private partnership. These tested IT products and HW standards could be used to support a continuum of care around health related issues encompassing both health care and public health functions.\nConclusion: The use of the HW profile, including a set of transactions and identified standards to implement those transactions, in IT products is a helpful first step in leveraging health information technology to address weight-related issues in the United States. Future work is needed to expand the use of these standards and to assess their use in real world settings.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {EGEMS (Washington, DC)},\n\tauthor = {Mikles, Sean P. and Wiltz, Jennifer L. and Reed-Fourquet, Lori and Painter, Ian S. and Lober, William B.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpmid = {29930962},\n\tpmcid = {PMC5994932},\n\tkeywords = {CIRG\\_Selected},\n\tpages = {21},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Context: Obesity is a significant health issue in the United States that both clinical and public health systems struggle to address. Electronic health record data could help support multi-sectoral interventions to address obesity. Standards have been identified and created to support the electronic exchange of weight-related data across many stakeholder groups. Case Description: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated a public-private partnership including government, industry, and academic technology partners to develop workflow scenarios and supporting systems to exchange weight-related data through standard transactions. This partnership tested the transmission of data using this newly-defined Healthy Weight (HW) profile at multiple health data interoperability demonstration events. Findings: Five transaction types were tested by 12 partners who demonstrated how the standards and related systems support end-to-end workflows around managing weight-related issues in the community. The standard transactions were successfully tested at two Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Connectathon events through 86 validated tests encompassing 38 multi-partner transactions. Discussion: We have successfully demonstrated the transactions defined in the HW profile with a public-private partnership. These tested IT products and HW standards could be used to support a continuum of care around health related issues encompassing both health care and public health functions. Conclusion: The use of the HW profile, including a set of transactions and identified standards to implement those transactions, in IT products is a helpful first step in leveraging health information technology to address weight-related issues in the United States. Future work is needed to expand the use of these standards and to assess their use in real world settings.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2015\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2015</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"eaton-painter-olson-lober-visualizingthequalityofpartiallyaccruingdataforuseindecisionmaking-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Eaton, J.; Painter, I.; Olson, D.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Visualizing the quality of partially accruing data for use in decision making.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 7(3): e226.  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v7i3.6096\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('eaton-painter-olson-lober-visualizingthequalityofpartiallyaccruingdataforuseindecisionmaking-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v7i3.6096', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/eaton-painter-olson-lober-visualizingthequalityofpartiallyaccruingdataforuseindecisionmaking-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('eaton-painter-olson-lober-visualizingthequalityofpartiallyaccruingdataforuseindecisionmaking-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{eaton_visualizing_2015,\n\ttitle = {Visualizing the quality of partially accruing data for use in decision making},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v7i3.6096},\n\tabstract = {Secondary use of clinical health data for near real-time public health surveillance presents challenges surrounding its utility due to data quality issues. Data used for real-time surveillance must be timely, accurate and complete if it is to be useful; if incomplete data are used for surveillance, understanding the structure of the incompleteness is necessary. Such data are commonly aggregated due to privacy concerns. The Distribute project was a near real-time influenza-like-illness (ILI) surveillance system that relied on aggregated secondary clinical health data. The goal of this work is to disseminate the data quality tools developed to gain insight into the data quality problems associated with these data. These tools apply in general to any system where aggregate data are accrued over time and were created through the end-user-as-developer paradigm. Each tool was developed during the exploratory analysis to gain insight into structural aspects of data quality. Our key finding is that data quality of partially accruing data must be studied in the context of accrual lag-the difference between the time an event occurs and the time data for that event are received, i.e. the time at which data become available to the surveillance system. Our visualization methods therefore revolve around visualizing dimensions of data quality affected by accrual lag, in particular the tradeoff between timeliness and completion, and the effects of accrual lag on accuracy. Accounting for accrual lag in partially accruing data is necessary to avoid misleading or biased conclusions about trends in indicator values and data quality.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Eaton, Julia and Painter, Ian and Olson, Don and Lober, William B.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpmid = {27252794},\n\tpmcid = {PMC4874726},\n\tkeywords = {accrual lag, data quality, data visualization, incomplete data, partially accruing data, real-time surveillance, secondary-use data},\n\tpages = {e226},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Secondary use of clinical health data for near real-time public health surveillance presents challenges surrounding its utility due to data quality issues. Data used for real-time surveillance must be timely, accurate and complete if it is to be useful; if incomplete data are used for surveillance, understanding the structure of the incompleteness is necessary. Such data are commonly aggregated due to privacy concerns. The Distribute project was a near real-time influenza-like-illness (ILI) surveillance system that relied on aggregated secondary clinical health data. The goal of this work is to disseminate the data quality tools developed to gain insight into the data quality problems associated with these data. These tools apply in general to any system where aggregate data are accrued over time and were created through the end-user-as-developer paradigm. Each tool was developed during the exploratory analysis to gain insight into structural aspects of data quality. Our key finding is that data quality of partially accruing data must be studied in the context of accrual lag-the difference between the time an event occurs and the time data for that event are received, i.e. the time at which data become available to the surveillance system. Our visualization methods therefore revolve around visualizing dimensions of data quality affected by accrual lag, in particular the tradeoff between timeliness and completion, and the effects of accrual lag on accuracy. Accounting for accrual lag in partially accruing data is necessary to avoid misleading or biased conclusions about trends in indicator values and data quality.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2014\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2014</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lober-reeder-painter-revere-goldov-bugni-mcreynolds-olson-technicaldescriptionofthedistributeprojectacommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemimplementation-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Reeder, B.; Painter, I.; Revere, D.; Goldov, K.; Bugni, P. F.; McReynolds, J.;  and Olson, D. R.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Technical Description of the Distribute Project: A Community-based Syndromic Surveillance System Implementation.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 5(3): 224.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v5i3.4938\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lober-reeder-painter-revere-goldov-bugni-mcreynolds-olson-technicaldescriptionofthedistributeprojectacommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemimplementation-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v5i3.4938', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lober-reeder-painter-revere-goldov-bugni-mcreynolds-olson-technicaldescriptionofthedistributeprojectacommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemimplementation-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lober-reeder-painter-revere-goldov-bugni-mcreynolds-olson-technicaldescriptionofthedistributeprojectacommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemimplementation-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lober_technical_2014,\n\ttitle = {Technical {Description} of the {Distribute} {Project}: {A} {Community}-based {Syndromic} {Surveillance} {System} {Implementation}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tshorttitle = {Technical {Description} of the {Distribute} {Project}},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v5i3.4938},\n\tabstract = {This paper describes the design of a syndromic surveillance system implemented for community-based monitoring of influenza-like illness. The system began as collaboration between colleagues from state and large metropolitan area health jurisdictions, academic institutions, and the non-profit, International Society for Disease Surveillance. Over the six influenza seasons from 2006 to 2012, the system was automated and enhanced, with new features and infrastructure, and the resulting, reliable, enterprise grade system supported peer comparisons between 44 state and local public health jurisdictions who voluntarily contributed summarized data on influenza-like illness and gastrointestinal syndromes. The system was unusual in that it addressed the needs of a widely distributed, voluntary, community engaged in real-time data integration to support operational public health.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Reeder, Blaine and Painter, Ian and Revere, Debra and Goldov, Kim and Bugni, Paul F. and McReynolds, Justin and Olson, Donald R.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpmid = {24678377},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3959914},\n\tkeywords = {CIRG\\_Selected, Internet, public health standards, secondary use of health data, surveillance practice, syndromic surveillance},\n\tpages = {224},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This paper describes the design of a syndromic surveillance system implemented for community-based monitoring of influenza-like illness. The system began as collaboration between colleagues from state and large metropolitan area health jurisdictions, academic institutions, and the non-profit, International Society for Disease Surveillance. Over the six influenza seasons from 2006 to 2012, the system was automated and enhanced, with new features and infrastructure, and the resulting, reliable, enterprise grade system supported peer comparisons between 44 state and local public health jurisdictions who voluntarily contributed summarized data on influenza-like illness and gastrointestinal syndromes. The system was unusual in that it addressed the needs of a widely distributed, voluntary, community engaged in real-time data integration to support operational public health.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2013\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2013')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2013')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2013</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"smith-hadler-stanbury-rolfs-hopkins-cstesurveillancestrategygroup-blueprintversion20updatingpublichealthsurveillanceforthe21stcentury-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Smith, P. F.; Hadler, J. L.; Stanbury, M.; Rolfs, R. T.; Hopkins, R. S.;  and CSTE Surveillance Strategy Group\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  \"Blueprint version 2.0\": updating public health surveillance for the 21st century.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP</i>, 19(3): 231–239. June 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0b013e318262906e\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('smith-hadler-stanbury-rolfs-hopkins-cstesurveillancestrategygroup-blueprintversion20updatingpublichealthsurveillanceforthe21stcentury-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0b013e318262906e', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/smith-hadler-stanbury-rolfs-hopkins-cstesurveillancestrategygroup-blueprintversion20updatingpublichealthsurveillanceforthe21stcentury-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('smith-hadler-stanbury-rolfs-hopkins-cstesurveillancestrategygroup-blueprintversion20updatingpublichealthsurveillanceforthe21stcentury-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{smith_blueprint_2013,\n\ttitle = {&quot;{Blueprint} version 2.0&quot;: updating public health surveillance for the 21st century},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1550-5022},\n\tshorttitle = {&quot;{Blueprint} version 2.0&quot;},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/PHH.0b013e318262906e},\n\tabstract = {Rapid changes to the United States public health system challenge the current strategic approach to surveillance. During 2011, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists convened national experts to reassess public health surveillance in the United States and update surveillance strategies that were published in a 1996 report and endorsed by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Although surveillance goals, historical influences, and most methods have not changed, surveillance is being transformed by 3 influences: public health information and preparedness as national security issues; new information technologies; and health care reform. Each offers opportunities for surveillance, but each also presents challenges that public health epidemiologists can best meet by rigorously applying surveillance evaluation concepts, engaging in national standardization activities driven by electronic technologies and health care reform, and ensuring an adequately trained epidemiology workforce.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP},\n\tauthor = {Smith, Perry F. and Hadler, James L. and Stanbury, Martha and Rolfs, Robert T. and Hopkins, Richard S. and {CSTE Surveillance Strategy Group}},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpmid = {22759985},\n\tkeywords = {Government, Health Care Reform, History, 21st Century, Humans, Medical Informatics, Public Health Surveillance, United States},\n\tpages = {231--239},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Rapid changes to the United States public health system challenge the current strategic approach to surveillance. During 2011, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists convened national experts to reassess public health surveillance in the United States and update surveillance strategies that were published in a 1996 report and endorsed by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Although surveillance goals, historical influences, and most methods have not changed, surveillance is being transformed by 3 influences: public health information and preparedness as national security issues; new information technologies; and health care reform. Each offers opportunities for surveillance, but each also presents challenges that public health epidemiologists can best meet by rigorously applying surveillance evaluation concepts, engaging in national standardization activities driven by electronic technologies and health care reform, and ensuring an adequately trained epidemiology workforce.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2012\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2012</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hills-revere-altamore-abernethy-lober-timelinessanddataelementcompletenessofimmunizationdatainwashingtonstatein2010acomparisonofdataexchangemethods-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hills, R. A.; Revere, D.; Altamore, R.; Abernethy, N. F.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in Washington State in 2010: a comparison of data exchange methods.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>, 2012: 340–349.  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hills-revere-altamore-abernethy-lober-timelinessanddataelementcompletenessofimmunizationdatainwashingtonstatein2010acomparisonofdataexchangemethods-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hills-revere-altamore-abernethy-lober-timelinessanddataelementcompletenessofimmunizationdatainwashingtonstatein2010acomparisonofdataexchangemethods-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hills_timeliness_2012,\n\ttitle = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010: a comparison of data exchange methods},\n\tvolume = {2012},\n\tissn = {1942-597X},\n\tshorttitle = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010},\n\tabstract = {Health information systems receive data through various methods. These data exchange methods have the potential to influence data quality. We assessed a de-identified 2010 dataset including 757,476 demographic records and 2,634,101 vaccination records from Washington State&#x27;s Immunization Information System (IIS) to describe timeliness and completeness of IIS data across several data exchange methods: manual entry, HL7, and flat file upload. Overall, manually-entered data and HL7 records were more timely than records imported as flat files. Completeness, though very high overall, was slightly higher for records arriving via flat file. Washington State IIS users, including clinicians and public health, rely on its data to inform patient care and determine population coverage of immunizations. Our results suggest that although data element completeness in systems like Washington&#x27;s IIS will likely not be immediately or significantly impacted by provider&#x27;s migration to HL7 connections with IISs, timeliness could be substantially improved when using HL7 connections.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Hills, Rebecca A. and Revere, Debra and Altamore, Rita and Abernethy, Neil F. and Lober, William B.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpmid = {23304304},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3540489},\n\tkeywords = {Birth Certificates, Child, Demography, Health Information Systems, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant, Quality Control, Vaccination, Washington},\n\tpages = {340--349},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Health information systems receive data through various methods. These data exchange methods have the potential to influence data quality. We assessed a de-identified 2010 dataset including 757,476 demographic records and 2,634,101 vaccination records from Washington State's Immunization Information System (IIS) to describe timeliness and completeness of IIS data across several data exchange methods: manual entry, HL7, and flat file upload. Overall, manually-entered data and HL7 records were more timely than records imported as flat files. Completeness, though very high overall, was slightly higher for records arriving via flat file. Washington State IIS users, including clinicians and public health, rely on its data to inform patient care and determine population coverage of immunizations. Our results suggest that although data element completeness in systems like Washington's IIS will likely not be immediately or significantly impacted by provider's migration to HL7 connections with IISs, timeliness could be substantially improved when using HL7 connections.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"reeder-revere-hills-baseman-lober-publichealthpracticewithinahealthinformationexchangeinformationneedsandbarrierstodiseasesurveillance-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Reeder, B.; Revere, D.; Hills, R. A.; Baseman, J. G.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Public Health Practice within a Health Information Exchange: Information Needs and Barriers to Disease Surveillance.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 4(3).  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('reeder-revere-hills-baseman-lober-publichealthpracticewithinahealthinformationexchangeinformationneedsandbarrierstodiseasesurveillance-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/reeder-revere-hills-baseman-lober-publichealthpracticewithinahealthinformationexchangeinformationneedsandbarrierstodiseasesurveillance-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('reeder-revere-hills-baseman-lober-publichealthpracticewithinahealthinformationexchangeinformationneedsandbarrierstodiseasesurveillance-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{reeder_public_2012,\n\ttitle = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}: {Information} {Needs} and {Barriers} to {Disease} {Surveillance}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tshorttitle = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals engage in frequent exchange of health information while pursuing the objectives of protecting and improving population health. Yet, there has been little study of the information work of public health workers with regard to information exchange. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of information work at a local health jurisdiction before and during the early stages of participation in a regional Health Information Exchange.\nMETHODS: We investigated the information work of public health workers engaged in disease surveillance activities at a medium-sized local health jurisdiction by conducting semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzing interview transcripts.\nRESULTS: ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION WORK OF PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS REVEALED BARRIERS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: information system usability; data timeliness, accuracy and completeness; and social interaction with clients. We illustrate these barriers by focusing on the work of epidemiologists.\nCONCLUSION: Characterizing information work and barriers to information exchange for public health workers should be part of early system design efforts. A comprehensive understanding of the information practice of public health workers will inform the design of systems that better support public health work.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Hills, Rebecca A. and Baseman, Janet G. and Lober, William B.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpmid = {23569649},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3615831},\n\tkeywords = {CIRG Selected, Communication Barriers, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Information Services, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Practice},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals engage in frequent exchange of health information while pursuing the objectives of protecting and improving population health. Yet, there has been little study of the information work of public health workers with regard to information exchange. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of information work at a local health jurisdiction before and during the early stages of participation in a regional Health Information Exchange. METHODS: We investigated the information work of public health workers engaged in disease surveillance activities at a medium-sized local health jurisdiction by conducting semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzing interview transcripts. RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION WORK OF PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS REVEALED BARRIERS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: information system usability; data timeliness, accuracy and completeness; and social interaction with clients. We illustrate these barriers by focusing on the work of epidemiologists. CONCLUSION: Characterizing information work and barriers to information exchange for public health workers should be part of early system design efforts. A comprehensive understanding of the information practice of public health workers will inform the design of systems that better support public health work.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2011\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2011')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2011')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2011</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hills, R. A.; Baseman, J. G.; Revere, D.; Boge, C. L. K.; Oberle, M. W.; Doctor, J. N.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Applying the XForms Standard to Public Health Case Reporting and Alerting.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 3(2).  2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hills_applying_2011,\n\ttitle = {Applying the {XForms} {Standard} to {Public} {Health} {Case} {Reporting} and {Alerting}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656},\n\tabstract = {Notifiable condition reporting and alerting are two important public health functions. Today, a variety of methods are used to transfer these types of information. The increasing use of electronic health record systems by healthcare providers makes new types of electronic communication possible. We used the XForms standard and nationally recognized technical profiles to demonstrate the communication of both notifiable condition reports and patient-tailored public health alerts. This demonstration of bi-directional communication took placein a prototypical health information exchange environment. We successfully transferred information between provider electronic health record systems and public health systems for notifiable condition reporting. Patient-specific alerts were successfully sent from public health to provider systems. In this paper we discuss the benefits of XForms, including the use of XML, advanced form controls, form initialization and reduction in scripting. We also review implementation challenges, the maturity of the technology and its suitability for use in public health.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Hills, Rebecca A. and Baseman, Janet G. and Revere, Debra and Boge, Craig L. K. and Oberle, Mark W. and Doctor, Jason N. and Lober, William B.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {23569609},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3615786},\n\tkeywords = {alerting, bi-directional communication, notifiable condition reporting, public health informatics, public health practice},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Notifiable condition reporting and alerting are two important public health functions. Today, a variety of methods are used to transfer these types of information. The increasing use of electronic health record systems by healthcare providers makes new types of electronic communication possible. We used the XForms standard and nationally recognized technical profiles to demonstrate the communication of both notifiable condition reports and patient-tailored public health alerts. This demonstration of bi-directional communication took placein a prototypical health information exchange environment. We successfully transferred information between provider electronic health record systems and public health systems for notifiable condition reporting. Patient-specific alerts were successfully sent from public health to provider systems. In this paper we discuss the benefits of XForms, including the use of XML, advanced form controls, form initialization and reduction in scripting. We also review implementation challenges, the maturity of the technology and its suitability for use in public health.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"reeder-revere-olson-lober-perceivedusefulnessofadistributedcommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemapilotqualitativeevaluationstudy-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Reeder, B.; Revere, D.; Olson, D. R.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system: a pilot qualitative evaluation study.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>BMC research notes</i>, 4: 187. June 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-187\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('reeder-revere-olson-lober-perceivedusefulnessofadistributedcommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemapilotqualitativeevaluationstudy-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-187', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/reeder-revere-olson-lober-perceivedusefulnessofadistributedcommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemapilotqualitativeevaluationstudy-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('reeder-revere-olson-lober-perceivedusefulnessofadistributedcommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemapilotqualitativeevaluationstudy-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{reeder_perceived_2011,\n\ttitle = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system: a pilot qualitative evaluation study},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {1756-0500},\n\tshorttitle = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/1756-0500-4-187},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot utility evaluation and information needs assessment of the Distribute Project at the 2010 Washington State Public Health Association (WSPHA) Joint Conference. Distribute is a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system and network for detection of influenza-like illness (ILI). Using qualitative methods, we assessed the perceived usefulness of the Distribute system and explored areas for improvement. Nine state and local public health professionals participated in a focus group (n = 6) and in semi-structured interviews (n = 3). Field notes were taken, summarized and analyzed.\nFINDINGS: Several emergent themes that contribute to the perceived usefulness of system data and the Distribute system were identified: 1) Standardization: a common ILI syndrome definition; 2) Regional Comparability: views that support county-by-county comparisons of syndromic surveillance data; 3) Completeness: complete data for all expected data at a given time; 4) Coverage: data coverage of all jurisdictions in WA state; 5) CONTEXT: metadata incorporated into the views to provide context for graphed data; 6) Trusted Data: verification that information is valid and timely; and 7) Customization: the ability to customize views as necessary. As a result of the focus group, a new county level health jurisdiction expressed interest in contributing data to the Distribute system.\nCONCLUSION: The resulting themes from this study can be used to guide future information design efforts for the Distribute system and other syndromic surveillance systems. In addition, this study demonstrates the benefits of conducting a low cost, qualitative evaluation at a professional conference.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {BMC research notes},\n\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Olson, Donald R. and Lober, William B.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21672242},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3146436},\n\tpages = {187},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot utility evaluation and information needs assessment of the Distribute Project at the 2010 Washington State Public Health Association (WSPHA) Joint Conference. Distribute is a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system and network for detection of influenza-like illness (ILI). Using qualitative methods, we assessed the perceived usefulness of the Distribute system and explored areas for improvement. Nine state and local public health professionals participated in a focus group (n = 6) and in semi-structured interviews (n = 3). Field notes were taken, summarized and analyzed. FINDINGS: Several emergent themes that contribute to the perceived usefulness of system data and the Distribute system were identified: 1) Standardization: a common ILI syndrome definition; 2) Regional Comparability: views that support county-by-county comparisons of syndromic surveillance data; 3) Completeness: complete data for all expected data at a given time; 4) Coverage: data coverage of all jurisdictions in WA state; 5) CONTEXT: metadata incorporated into the views to provide context for graphed data; 6) Trusted Data: verification that information is valid and timely; and 7) Customization: the ability to customize views as necessary. As a result of the focus group, a new county level health jurisdiction expressed interest in contributing data to the Distribute system. CONCLUSION: The resulting themes from this study can be used to guide future information design efforts for the Distribute system and other syndromic surveillance systems. In addition, this study demonstrates the benefits of conducting a low cost, qualitative evaluation at a professional conference.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"olson-paladini-lober-buckeridge-isdsdistributeworkinggroup-applyinganewmodelforsharingpopulationhealthdatatonationalsyndromicinfluenzasurveillancedistributeprojectproofofconcept2006to2009-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Olson, D. R.; Paladini, M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Buckeridge, D. L.;  and ISDS Distribute Working Group\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Applying a New Model for Sharing Population Health Data to National Syndromic Influenza Surveillance: DiSTRIBuTE Project Proof of Concept, 2006 to 2009.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>PLoS currents</i>, 3: RRN1251. August 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1371/currents.RRN1251\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('olson-paladini-lober-buckeridge-isdsdistributeworkinggroup-applyinganewmodelforsharingpopulationhealthdatatonationalsyndromicinfluenzasurveillancedistributeprojectproofofconcept2006to2009-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1371/currents.RRN1251', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/olson-paladini-lober-buckeridge-isdsdistributeworkinggroup-applyinganewmodelforsharingpopulationhealthdatatonationalsyndromicinfluenzasurveillancedistributeprojectproofofconcept2006to2009-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('olson-paladini-lober-buckeridge-isdsdistributeworkinggroup-applyinganewmodelforsharingpopulationhealthdatatonationalsyndromicinfluenzasurveillancedistributeprojectproofofconcept2006to2009-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{olson_applying_2011,\n\ttitle = {Applying a {New} {Model} for {Sharing} {Population} {Health} {Data} to {National} {Syndromic} {Influenza} {Surveillance}: {DiSTRIBuTE} {Project} {Proof} of {Concept}, 2006 to 2009},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {2157-3999},\n\tshorttitle = {Applying a {New} {Model} for {Sharing} {Population} {Health} {Data} to {National} {Syndromic} {Influenza} {Surveillance}},\n\tdoi = {10.1371/currents.RRN1251},\n\tabstract = {The Distributed Surveillance Taskforce for Real-time Influenza Burden Tracking and Evaluation (DiSTRIBuTE) project began as a pilot effort initiated by the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) in autumn 2006 to create a collaborative electronic emergency department (ED) syndromic influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance network based on existing state and local systems and expertise. DiSTRIBuTE brought together health departments that were interested in: 1) sharing aggregate level data; 2) maintaining jurisdictional control; 3) minimizing barriers to participation; and 4) leveraging the flexibility of local systems to create a dynamic and collaborative surveillance network. This approach was in contrast to the prevailing paradigm for surveillance where record level information was collected, stored and analyzed centrally. The DiSTRIBuTE project was created with a distributed design, where individual level data remained local and only summarized, stratified counts were reported centrally, thus minimizing privacy risks. The project was responsive to federal mandates to improve integration of federal, state, and local biosurveillance capabilities. During the proof of concept phase, 2006 to 2009, ten jurisdictions from across North America sent ISDS on a daily to weekly basis year-round, aggregated data by day, stratified by local ILI syndrome, age-group and region. During this period, data from participating U.S. state or local health departments captured over 13\\% of all ED visits nationwide. The initiative focused on state and local health department trust, expertise, and control. Morbidity trends observed in DiSTRIBuTE were highly correlated with other influenza surveillance measures. With the emergence of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the spring of 2009, the project was used to support information sharing and ad hoc querying at the state and local level. In the fall of 2009, through a broadly collaborative effort, the project was expanded to enhance electronic ED surveillance nationwide.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {PLoS currents},\n\tauthor = {Olson, Donald R. and Paladini, Marc and Lober, William B. and Buckeridge, David L. and {ISDS Distribute Working Group}},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21894257},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3148528},\n\tpages = {RRN1251},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The Distributed Surveillance Taskforce for Real-time Influenza Burden Tracking and Evaluation (DiSTRIBuTE) project began as a pilot effort initiated by the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) in autumn 2006 to create a collaborative electronic emergency department (ED) syndromic influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance network based on existing state and local systems and expertise. DiSTRIBuTE brought together health departments that were interested in: 1) sharing aggregate level data; 2) maintaining jurisdictional control; 3) minimizing barriers to participation; and 4) leveraging the flexibility of local systems to create a dynamic and collaborative surveillance network. This approach was in contrast to the prevailing paradigm for surveillance where record level information was collected, stored and analyzed centrally. The DiSTRIBuTE project was created with a distributed design, where individual level data remained local and only summarized, stratified counts were reported centrally, thus minimizing privacy risks. The project was responsive to federal mandates to improve integration of federal, state, and local biosurveillance capabilities. During the proof of concept phase, 2006 to 2009, ten jurisdictions from across North America sent ISDS on a daily to weekly basis year-round, aggregated data by day, stratified by local ILI syndrome, age-group and region. During this period, data from participating U.S. state or local health departments captured over 13% of all ED visits nationwide. The initiative focused on state and local health department trust, expertise, and control. Morbidity trends observed in DiSTRIBuTE were highly correlated with other influenza surveillance measures. With the emergence of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the spring of 2009, the project was used to support information sharing and ad hoc querying at the state and local level. In the fall of 2009, through a broadly collaborative effort, the project was expanded to enhance electronic ED surveillance nationwide.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2010\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2010</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"chapman-dowling-baer-buckeridge-cochrane-conway-elkin-espino-etal-developingsyndromedefinitionsbasedonconsensusandcurrentuse-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Chapman, W. W.; Dowling, J. N.; Baer, A.; Buckeridge, D. L.; Cochrane, D.; Conway, M. A.; Elkin, P.; Espino, J.; Gunn, J. E.; Hales, C. M.; Hutwagner, L.; Keller, M.; Larson, C.; Noe, R.; Okhmatovskaia, A.; Olson, K.; Paladini, M.; Scholer, M.; Sniegoski, C.; Thompson, D.;  and Lober, B.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Developing syndrome definitions based on consensus and current use.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA</i>, 17(5): 595–601. October 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2010.003210\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('chapman-dowling-baer-buckeridge-cochrane-conway-elkin-espino-etal-developingsyndromedefinitionsbasedonconsensusandcurrentuse-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2010.003210', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/chapman-dowling-baer-buckeridge-cochrane-conway-elkin-espino-etal-developingsyndromedefinitionsbasedonconsensusandcurrentuse-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('chapman-dowling-baer-buckeridge-cochrane-conway-elkin-espino-etal-developingsyndromedefinitionsbasedonconsensusandcurrentuse-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{chapman_developing_2010,\n\ttitle = {Developing syndrome definitions based on consensus and current use},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1527-974X},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/jamia.2010.003210},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: Standardized surveillance syndromes do not exist but would facilitate sharing data among surveillance systems and comparing the accuracy of existing systems. The objective of this study was to create reference syndrome definitions from a consensus of investigators who currently have or are building syndromic surveillance systems.\nDESIGN: Clinical condition-syndrome pairs were catalogued for 10 surveillance systems across the United States and the representatives of these systems were brought together for a workshop to discuss consensus syndrome definitions.\nRESULTS: Consensus syndrome definitions were generated for the four syndromes monitored by the majority of the 10 participating surveillance systems: Respiratory, gastrointestinal, constitutional, and influenza-like illness (ILI). An important element in coming to consensus quickly was the development of a sensitive and specific definition for respiratory and gastrointestinal syndromes. After the workshop, the definitions were refined and supplemented with keywords and regular expressions, the keywords were mapped to standard vocabularies, and a web ontology language (OWL) ontology was created.\nLIMITATIONS: The consensus definitions have not yet been validated through implementation.\nCONCLUSION: The consensus definitions provide an explicit description of the current state-of-the-art syndromes used in automated surveillance, which can subsequently be systematically evaluated against real data to improve the definitions. The method for creating consensus definitions could be applied to other domains that have diverse existing definitions.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\n\tauthor = {Chapman, Wendy W. and Dowling, John N. and Baer, Atar and Buckeridge, David L. and Cochrane, Dennis and Conway, Michael A. and Elkin, Peter and Espino, Jeremy and Gunn, Julia E. and Hales, Craig M. and Hutwagner, Lori and Keller, Mikaela and Larson, Catherine and Noe, Rebecca and Okhmatovskaia, Anya and Olson, Karen and Paladini, Marc and Scholer, Matthew and Sniegoski, Carol and Thompson, David and Lober, Bill},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpmid = {20819870},\n\tpmcid = {PMC2995670},\n\tkeywords = {Communicable Diseases, Group Processes, Humans, Population Surveillance, Syndrome, United States},\n\tpages = {595--601},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVE: Standardized surveillance syndromes do not exist but would facilitate sharing data among surveillance systems and comparing the accuracy of existing systems. The objective of this study was to create reference syndrome definitions from a consensus of investigators who currently have or are building syndromic surveillance systems. DESIGN: Clinical condition-syndrome pairs were catalogued for 10 surveillance systems across the United States and the representatives of these systems were brought together for a workshop to discuss consensus syndrome definitions. RESULTS: Consensus syndrome definitions were generated for the four syndromes monitored by the majority of the 10 participating surveillance systems: Respiratory, gastrointestinal, constitutional, and influenza-like illness (ILI). An important element in coming to consensus quickly was the development of a sensitive and specific definition for respiratory and gastrointestinal syndromes. After the workshop, the definitions were refined and supplemented with keywords and regular expressions, the keywords were mapped to standard vocabularies, and a web ontology language (OWL) ontology was created. LIMITATIONS: The consensus definitions have not yet been validated through implementation. CONCLUSION: The consensus definitions provide an explicit description of the current state-of-the-art syndromes used in automated surveillance, which can subsequently be systematically evaluated against real data to improve the definitions. The method for creating consensus definitions could be applied to other domains that have diverse existing definitions.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2008\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2008')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2008')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2008</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"doctor-baseman-lober-davies-kobayashi-karras-fuller-timetradeoffutilitiesforidentifyingandevaluatingaminimumdatasetfortimecriticalbiosurveillance-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Doctor, J. N.; Baseman, J. G.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Davies, J.; Kobayashi, J.; Karras, B. T.;  and Fuller, S.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Time-tradeoff utilities for identifying and evaluating a minimum data set for time-critical biosurveillance.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Medical Decision Making: An International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making</i>, 28(3): 351–358. June 2008.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X08317011\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('doctor-baseman-lober-davies-kobayashi-karras-fuller-timetradeoffutilitiesforidentifyingandevaluatingaminimumdatasetfortimecriticalbiosurveillance-2008', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X08317011', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/doctor-baseman-lober-davies-kobayashi-karras-fuller-timetradeoffutilitiesforidentifyingandevaluatingaminimumdatasetfortimecriticalbiosurveillance-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('doctor-baseman-lober-davies-kobayashi-karras-fuller-timetradeoffutilitiesforidentifyingandevaluatingaminimumdatasetfortimecriticalbiosurveillance-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{doctor_time-tradeoff_2008,\n\ttitle = {Time-tradeoff utilities for identifying and evaluating a minimum data set for time-critical biosurveillance},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0272-989X},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0272989X08317011},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Researchers and policy makers are interested in identifying, implementing, and evaluating a national minimum data set for biosurveillance. However, work remains to be done to establish methods for measuring the value of such data.\nPURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to establish and evaluate a method for measuring the utility of biosurveillance data.\nMETHOD: The authors derive an expected utility model in which the value of data may be determined by trading data relevance for time delay in receiving data. In a sample of 23 disease surveillance practitioners, the authors test if such tradeoffs are sensitive to the types of data elements involved (chief complaint v. emergency department [ED] log of visit) and proportional changes to the time horizon needed for receiving data (24 v. 48 h). In addition, they evaluate the logical error rate: the proportion of responses that scored less relevant data as having higher utility.\nRESULTS: Utilities of chief complaints were significantly higher than ED log of visit, F(1, 21)= 5.60, P {\\textless} 0.05, suggesting the method is sensitive. Further utilities did not depend on time horizon used in the exercise, F(1, 21) = 0.00, P = ns. Of 92 time tradeoffs elicited, there were 5 logical errors (i.e., 5\\% logical error rate).\nCONCLUSIONS: In this article, the authors establish a time-tradeoff exercise for valuing biosurveillance data. Empirically, the method shows initial promise for evaluating a minimum data set for biosurveillance. Future applications of this approach may prove useful in disease surveillance planning and evaluation.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Medical Decision Making: An International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making},\n\tauthor = {Doctor, Jason N. and Baseman, Janet G. and Lober, William B. and Davies, Jac and Kobayashi, John and Karras, Bryant T. and Fuller, Sherrilynne},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpmid = {18480039},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Biometry, Communicable Diseases, Disease Outbreaks, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Population Surveillance, Public Health, Time Factors, United States, Washington},\n\tpages = {351--358},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: Researchers and policy makers are interested in identifying, implementing, and evaluating a national minimum data set for biosurveillance. However, work remains to be done to establish methods for measuring the value of such data. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to establish and evaluate a method for measuring the utility of biosurveillance data. METHOD: The authors derive an expected utility model in which the value of data may be determined by trading data relevance for time delay in receiving data. In a sample of 23 disease surveillance practitioners, the authors test if such tradeoffs are sensitive to the types of data elements involved (chief complaint v. emergency department [ED] log of visit) and proportional changes to the time horizon needed for receiving data (24 v. 48 h). In addition, they evaluate the logical error rate: the proportion of responses that scored less relevant data as having higher utility. RESULTS: Utilities of chief complaints were significantly higher than ED log of visit, F(1, 21)= 5.60, P \\textless 0.05, suggesting the method is sensitive. Further utilities did not depend on time horizon used in the exercise, F(1, 21) = 0.00, P = ns. Of 92 time tradeoffs elicited, there were 5 logical errors (i.e., 5% logical error rate). CONCLUSIONS: In this article, the authors establish a time-tradeoff exercise for valuing biosurveillance data. Empirically, the method shows initial promise for evaluating a minimum data set for biosurveillance. Future applications of this approach may prove useful in disease surveillance planning and evaluation.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"painter-hills-lober-randels-sibley-webster-extendingfunctionalityofanddemonstratingintegratedsurveillanceforpublichealthwithinaprototyperegionalhealthinformationexchange-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Painter, I. S.; Hills, R. A.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Randels, K. M.; Sibley, J.;  and Webster, E.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Extending functionality of and demonstrating integrated surveillance for public health within a prototype regional health information exchange.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>,969. November 2008.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/painter-hills-lober-randels-sibley-webster-extendingfunctionalityofanddemonstratingintegratedsurveillanceforpublichealthwithinaprototyperegionalhealthinformationexchange-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('painter-hills-lober-randels-sibley-webster-extendingfunctionalityofanddemonstratingintegratedsurveillanceforpublichealthwithinaprototyperegionalhealthinformationexchange-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{painter_extending_2008,\n\ttitle = {Extending functionality of and demonstrating integrated surveillance for public health within a prototype regional health information exchange},\n\tissn = {1942-597X},\n\tabstract = {At the HIMSS 2008 conference we demonstrated how multi-jurisdictional public health surveillance and monitoring processes could be supported and expedited through integration with a prototype health information exchange.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Painter, Ian S. and Hills, Rebecca A. and Lober, William B. and Randels, Kelly M. and Sibley, Jim and Webster, Eric},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpmid = {18999244},\n\tkeywords = {Forms and Records Control, Medical Record Linkage, Pilot Projects, Public Health Informatics, Regional Medical Programs, Systems Integration, Washington},\n\tpages = {969},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  At the HIMSS 2008 conference we demonstrated how multi-jurisdictional public health surveillance and monitoring processes could be supported and expedited through integration with a prototype health information exchange.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2007\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2007')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2007')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2007</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rodriguez-lober-sibley-webster-painter-karras-integratingpublichealthapplicationswithcommercialemrs-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rodriguez, C. V.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Sibley, J.; Webster, E.; Painter, I.;  and Karras, B. T.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Integrating public health applications with commercial EMRs.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>,1095. October 2007.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rodriguez-lober-sibley-webster-painter-karras-integratingpublichealthapplicationswithcommercialemrs-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rodriguez-lober-sibley-webster-painter-karras-integratingpublichealthapplicationswithcommercialemrs-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{rodriguez_integrating_2007,\n\ttitle = {Integrating public health applications with commercial {EMRs}},\n\tissn = {1942-597X},\n\tabstract = {At HIMSS 2007, we demonstrated how three processes of public health agencies could be facilitated through use of a prototype health information exchange, satisfying the AHIC biosurveillance use case.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Rodriguez, C. V. and Lober, W. B. and Sibley, J. and Webster, E. and Painter, I. and Karras, B. T.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpmid = {18694192},\n\tkeywords = {Humans, Influenza, Human, Information Systems, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Population Surveillance, Public Health Informatics, Systems Integration, Tuberculosis},\n\tpages = {1095},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  At HIMSS 2007, we demonstrated how three processes of public health agencies could be facilitated through use of a prototype health information exchange, satisfying the AHIC biosurveillance use case.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2005\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2005')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2005')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2005</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lumley-sebestyen-lober-painter-anopensourceenvironmentforthestatisticalevaluationofoutbreakdetectionmethods-2005\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lumley, T.; Sebestyen, K.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>;  and Painter, I.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  An open source environment for the statistical evaluation of outbreak detection methods.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>,1037.  2005.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lumley-sebestyen-lober-painter-anopensourceenvironmentforthestatisticalevaluationofoutbreakdetectionmethods-2005\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lumley-sebestyen-lober-painter-anopensourceenvironmentforthestatisticalevaluationofoutbreakdetectionmethods-2005')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lumley_open_2005,\n\ttitle = {An open source environment for the statistical evaluation of outbreak detection methods},\n\tissn = {1942-597X},\n\tabstract = {We describe the design and initial steps to implementation of a computational framework for evaluating outbreak detection methods. The framework will include components for combining simulated and historical data to create artificial outbreaks and components that implement various outbreak detection algorithms. The first algorithms to be implemented are the three Cumulative Sums (cusum) methods described in the CDC Early Aberration Reporting System.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Lumley, Thomas and Sebestyen, Krisztian and Lober, William B. and Painter, Ian},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpmid = {16779324},\n\tpmcid = {PMC1560726},\n\tkeywords = {Algorithms, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Models, Statistical, Population Surveillance, Programming Languages, Public Health Informatics},\n\tpages = {1037},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  We describe the design and initial steps to implementation of a computational framework for evaluating outbreak detection methods. The framework will include components for combining simulated and historical data to create artificial outbreaks and components that implement various outbreak detection algorithms. The first algorithms to be implemented are the three Cumulative Sums (cusum) methods described in the CDC Early Aberration Reporting System.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2004\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2004')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2004')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2004</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lober-trigg-karras-informationsystemarchitecturesforsyndromicsurveillance-2004\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Trigg, L.;  and Karras, B.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Information system architectures for syndromic surveillance.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>MMWR supplements</i>, 53: 203–208. September 2004.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lober-trigg-karras-informationsystemarchitecturesforsyndromicsurveillance-2004\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lober-trigg-karras-informationsystemarchitecturesforsyndromicsurveillance-2004')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lober_information_2004,\n\ttitle = {Information system architectures for syndromic surveillance},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {2380-8942},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Public health agencies are developing the capacity to automatically acquire, integrate, and analyze clinical information for disease surveillance. The design of such surveillance systems might benefit from the incorporation of advanced architectures developed for biomedical data integration. Data integration is not unique to public health, and both information technology and academic research should influence development of these systems.\nOBJECTIVES: The goal of this paper is to describe the essential architectural components of a syndromic surveillance information system and discuss existing and potential architectural approaches to data integration.\nMETHODS: This paper examines the role of data elements, vocabulary standards, data extraction, transport and security, transformation and normalization, and analysis data sets in developing disease-surveillance systems. It then discusses automated surveillance systems in the context of biomedical and computer science research in data integration, both to characterize existing systems and to indicate potential avenues of investigation to build systems that support public health practice.\nRESULTS: The Public Health Information Network (PHIN) identifies best practices for essential architectural components of a syndromic surveillance system. A schema for classifying biomedical data-integration software is useful for classifying present approaches to syndromic surveillance and for describing architectural variation.\nCONCLUSIONS: Public health informatics and computer science research in data-integration systems can supplement approaches recommended by PHIN and provide information for future public health surveillance systems.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {MMWR supplements},\n\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Trigg, L. and Karras, B.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpmid = {15717393},\n\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Population Surveillance, Public Health Administration, Public Health Informatics},\n\tpages = {203--208},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  INTRODUCTION: Public health agencies are developing the capacity to automatically acquire, integrate, and analyze clinical information for disease surveillance. The design of such surveillance systems might benefit from the incorporation of advanced architectures developed for biomedical data integration. Data integration is not unique to public health, and both information technology and academic research should influence development of these systems. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this paper is to describe the essential architectural components of a syndromic surveillance information system and discuss existing and potential architectural approaches to data integration. METHODS: This paper examines the role of data elements, vocabulary standards, data extraction, transport and security, transformation and normalization, and analysis data sets in developing disease-surveillance systems. It then discusses automated surveillance systems in the context of biomedical and computer science research in data integration, both to characterize existing systems and to indicate potential avenues of investigation to build systems that support public health practice. RESULTS: The Public Health Information Network (PHIN) identifies best practices for essential architectural components of a syndromic surveillance system. A schema for classifying biomedical data-integration software is useful for classifying present approaches to syndromic surveillance and for describing architectural variation. CONCLUSIONS: Public health informatics and computer science research in data-integration systems can supplement approaches recommended by PHIN and provide information for future public health surveillance systems.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lober-baer-karras-duchin-collectionandintegrationofclinicaldataforsurveillance-2004\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Baer, A.; Karras, B. T.;  and Duchin, J. S.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Collection and integration of clinical data for surveillance.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Studies in Health Technology and Informatics</i>, 107(Pt 2): 1211–1215.  2004.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lober-baer-karras-duchin-collectionandintegrationofclinicaldataforsurveillance-2004\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lober-baer-karras-duchin-collectionandintegrationofclinicaldataforsurveillance-2004')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lober_collection_2004,\n\ttitle = {Collection and integration of clinical data for surveillance},\n\tvolume = {107},\n\tissn = {0926-9630},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: The syndromic surveillance project at Public Health-Seattle \\&amp; King County incorporates several data sources, including emergency department and primary care visit data collected and normalized through an automated mechanism. We describe significant changes made in this &quot;second generation&quot; of our system to improve data quality while complying with privacy and state public health reporting regulations.\nMETHODS/RESULTS: The system uses de-identified visit and patient numbers to assure data accuracy, while shielding patient identity. Presently, we have 124,000 basic visit records (used to generate stratified denominators), and 29,000 surveillance records, from four emergency departments and a primary care clinic network. The system is capable of producing syndrome-clustered data sets for analysis.\nDISCUSSION: We have incorporated data collection techniques such as automated querying, report parsing, and HL7 electronic data interchange. We are expanding the system to include greater population coverage, and developing an understanding how to implement data collections more rapidly at individual hospital sites, as well as how best to prepare the data for analysis.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {Pt 2},\n\tjournal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Baer, Atar and Karras, Bryant T. and Duchin, Jeffery S.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpmid = {15361005},\n\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, Computer Systems, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Disease Outbreaks, Electronic Data Processing, Emergency Service, Hospital, Humans, Population Surveillance, Public Health Informatics, Software Design, Washington},\n\tpages = {1211--1215},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVE: The syndromic surveillance project at Public Health-Seattle & King County incorporates several data sources, including emergency department and primary care visit data collected and normalized through an automated mechanism. We describe significant changes made in this \"second generation\" of our system to improve data quality while complying with privacy and state public health reporting regulations. METHODS/RESULTS: The system uses de-identified visit and patient numbers to assure data accuracy, while shielding patient identity. Presently, we have 124,000 basic visit records (used to generate stratified denominators), and 29,000 surveillance records, from four emergency departments and a primary care clinic network. The system is capable of producing syndrome-clustered data sets for analysis. DISCUSSION: We have incorporated data collection techniques such as automated querying, report parsing, and HL7 electronic data interchange. We are expanding the system to include greater population coverage, and developing an understanding how to implement data collections more rapidly at individual hospital sites, as well as how best to prepare the data for analysis.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mandl-overhage-wagner-lober-sebastiani-mostashari-pavlin-gesteland-etal-implementingsyndromicsurveillanceapracticalguideinformedbytheearlyexperience-2004\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Mandl, K. D.; Overhage, J. M.; Wagner, M. M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Sebastiani, P.; Mostashari, F.; Pavlin, J. A.; Gesteland, P. H.; Treadwell, T.; Koski, E.; Hutwagner, L.; Buckeridge, D. L.; Aller, R. D.;  and Grannis, S.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Implementing syndromic surveillance: a practical guide informed by the early experience.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA</i>, 11(2): 141–150. April 2004.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1356\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mandl-overhage-wagner-lober-sebastiani-mostashari-pavlin-gesteland-etal-implementingsyndromicsurveillanceapracticalguideinformedbytheearlyexperience-2004', 'http://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1356', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mandl-overhage-wagner-lober-sebastiani-mostashari-pavlin-gesteland-etal-implementingsyndromicsurveillanceapracticalguideinformedbytheearlyexperience-2004\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mandl-overhage-wagner-lober-sebastiani-mostashari-pavlin-gesteland-etal-implementingsyndromicsurveillanceapracticalguideinformedbytheearlyexperience-2004')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{mandl_implementing_2004,\n\ttitle = {Implementing syndromic surveillance: a practical guide informed by the early experience},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1067-5027},\n\tshorttitle = {Implementing syndromic surveillance},\n\tdoi = {10.1197/jamia.M1356},\n\tabstract = {Syndromic surveillance refers to methods relying on detection of individual and population health indicators that are discernible before confirmed diagnoses are made. In particular, prior to the laboratory confirmation of an infectious disease, ill persons may exhibit behavioral patterns, symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings that can be tracked through a variety of data sources. Syndromic surveillance systems are being developed locally, regionally, and nationally. The efforts have been largely directed at facilitating the early detection of a covert bioterrorist attack, but the technology may also be useful for general public health, clinical medicine, quality improvement, patient safety, and research. This report, authored by developers and methodologists involved in the design and deployment of the first wave of syndromic surveillance systems, is intended to serve as a guide for informaticians, public health managers, and practitioners who are currently planning deployment of such systems in their regions.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\n\tauthor = {Mandl, Kenneth D. and Overhage, J. Marc and Wagner, Michael M. and Lober, William B. and Sebastiani, Paola and Mostashari, Farzad and Pavlin, Julie A. and Gesteland, Per H. and Treadwell, Tracee and Koski, Eileen and Hutwagner, Lori and Buckeridge, David L. and Aller, Raymond D. and Grannis, Shaun},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpmid = {14633933},\n\tpmcid = {PMC353021},\n\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, Confidentiality, Disease Outbreaks, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Population Surveillance, Public Health, United States},\n\tpages = {141--150},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Syndromic surveillance refers to methods relying on detection of individual and population health indicators that are discernible before confirmed diagnoses are made. In particular, prior to the laboratory confirmation of an infectious disease, ill persons may exhibit behavioral patterns, symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings that can be tracked through a variety of data sources. Syndromic surveillance systems are being developed locally, regionally, and nationally. The efforts have been largely directed at facilitating the early detection of a covert bioterrorist attack, but the technology may also be useful for general public health, clinical medicine, quality improvement, patient safety, and research. This report, authored by developers and methodologists involved in the design and deployment of the first wave of syndromic surveillance systems, is intended to serve as a guide for informaticians, public health managers, and practitioners who are currently planning deployment of such systems in their regions.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2003\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2003')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2003')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2003</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lober-trigg-karras-bliss-ciliberti-stewart-duchin-syndromicsurveillanceusingautomatedcollectionofcomputerizeddischargediagnoses-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Trigg, L. J.; Karras, B. T.; Bliss, D.; Ciliberti, J.; Stewart, L.;  and Duchin, J. S.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Syndromic surveillance using automated collection of computerized discharge diagnoses.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine</i>, 80(2 Suppl 1): i97–106. June 2003.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/pl00022320\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lober-trigg-karras-bliss-ciliberti-stewart-duchin-syndromicsurveillanceusingautomatedcollectionofcomputerizeddischargediagnoses-2003', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/pl00022320', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lober-trigg-karras-bliss-ciliberti-stewart-duchin-syndromicsurveillanceusingautomatedcollectionofcomputerizeddischargediagnoses-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lober-trigg-karras-bliss-ciliberti-stewart-duchin-syndromicsurveillanceusingautomatedcollectionofcomputerizeddischargediagnoses-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lober_syndromic_2003,\n\ttitle = {Syndromic surveillance using automated collection of computerized discharge diagnoses},\n\tvolume = {80},\n\tissn = {1099-3460},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/pl00022320},\n\tabstract = {The Syndromic Surveillance Information Collection (SSIC) system aims to facilitate early detection of bioterrorism attacks (with such agents as anthrax, brucellosis, plague, Q fever, tularemia, smallpox, viral encephalitides, hemorrhagic fever, botulism toxins, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, etc.) and early detection of naturally occurring disease outbreaks, including large foodborne disease outbreaks, emerging infections, and pandemic influenza. This is accomplished using automated data collection of visit-level discharge diagnoses from heterogeneous clinical information systems, integrating those data into a common XML (Extensible Markup Language) form, and monitoring the results to detect unusual patterns of illness in the population. The system, operational since January 2001, collects, integrates, and displays data from three emergency department and urgent care (ED/UC) departments and nine primary care clinics by automatically mining data from the information systems of those facilities. With continued development, this system will constitute the foundation of a population-based surveillance system that will facilitate targeted investigation of clinical syndromes under surveillance and allow early detection of unusual clusters of illness compatible with bioterrorism or disease outbreaks.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2 Suppl 1},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Trigg, Lisa J. and Karras, Bryant T. and Bliss, David and Ciliberti, Jack and Stewart, Laurie and Duchin, Jeffrey S.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpmid = {12791784},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3456541},\n\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, Data Collection, Databases as Topic, Disease Notification, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Patient Discharge, Public Health Informatics, Sentinel Surveillance, United States},\n\tpages = {i97--106},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The Syndromic Surveillance Information Collection (SSIC) system aims to facilitate early detection of bioterrorism attacks (with such agents as anthrax, brucellosis, plague, Q fever, tularemia, smallpox, viral encephalitides, hemorrhagic fever, botulism toxins, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, etc.) and early detection of naturally occurring disease outbreaks, including large foodborne disease outbreaks, emerging infections, and pandemic influenza. This is accomplished using automated data collection of visit-level discharge diagnoses from heterogeneous clinical information systems, integrating those data into a common XML (Extensible Markup Language) form, and monitoring the results to detect unusual patterns of illness in the population. The system, operational since January 2001, collects, integrates, and displays data from three emergency department and urgent care (ED/UC) departments and nine primary care clinics by automatically mining data from the information systems of those facilities. With continued development, this system will constitute the foundation of a population-based surveillance system that will facilitate targeted investigation of clinical syndromes under surveillance and allow early detection of unusual clusters of illness compatible with bioterrorism or disease outbreaks.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lober-bliss-dockrey-davidson-karras-communicablediseasecaseentryusingpdasandpublicwirelessnetworks-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Bliss, D.; Dockrey, M. R.; Davidson, A. J.;  and Karras, B. T.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Communicable disease case entry using PDAs and public wireless networks.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>,916.  2003.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lober-bliss-dockrey-davidson-karras-communicablediseasecaseentryusingpdasandpublicwirelessnetworks-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lober-bliss-dockrey-davidson-karras-communicablediseasecaseentryusingpdasandpublicwirelessnetworks-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lober_communicable_2003,\n\ttitle = {Communicable disease case entry using {PDAs} and public wireless networks},\n\tissn = {1942-597X},\n\tabstract = {Concerns about detecting and responding to attacks with biowarfare agents have resulted in the development of deployable case reporting systems, e.g. RSVP. We implement a proof of concept web-based information system to be used securely from personal digital assistants over public wireless networks, by public health field workers for routine and emergent case reporting. The system collects data for a local health jurisdiction, provides content- and event-based notification, and forwards case reports to the Colorado State communicable disease reporting system (CEDRS). We believe this demonstrates a useful integration of portable and web-based technologies with public health practice.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Lober, W. B. and Bliss, D. and Dockrey, M. R. and Davidson, A. J. and Karras, B. T.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpmid = {14728422},\n\tpmcid = {PMC1480186},\n\tkeywords = {Colorado, Communicable Diseases, Computers, Handheld, Disease Notification, Humans, Internet, Pilot Projects, Population Surveillance, User-Computer Interface},\n\tpages = {916},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Concerns about detecting and responding to attacks with biowarfare agents have resulted in the development of deployable case reporting systems, e.g. RSVP. We implement a proof of concept web-based information system to be used securely from personal digital assistants over public wireless networks, by public health field workers for routine and emergent case reporting. The system collects data for a local health jurisdiction, provides content- and event-based notification, and forwards case reports to the Colorado State communicable disease reporting system (CEDRS). We believe this demonstrates a useful integration of portable and web-based technologies with public health practice.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"travers-waller-haas-lober-beard-emergencydepartmentdataforbioterrorismsurveillanceelectronicdataavailabilitytimelinesssourcesandstandards-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Travers, D. A.; Waller, A.; Haas, S. W.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>;  and Beard, C.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Emergency Department data for bioterrorism surveillance: electronic data availability, timeliness, sources and standards.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>,664–668.  2003.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/travers-waller-haas-lober-beard-emergencydepartmentdataforbioterrorismsurveillanceelectronicdataavailabilitytimelinesssourcesandstandards-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('travers-waller-haas-lober-beard-emergencydepartmentdataforbioterrorismsurveillanceelectronicdataavailabilitytimelinesssourcesandstandards-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{travers_emergency_2003,\n\ttitle = {Emergency {Department} data for bioterrorism surveillance: electronic data availability, timeliness, sources and standards},\n\tissn = {1942-597X},\n\tshorttitle = {Emergency {Department} data for bioterrorism surveillance},\n\tabstract = {Emergency Department (ED) data are a key component of bioterrorism surveillance systems. Little research has been done to examine differences in ED data capture and entry across hospitals, regions and states. The purpose of this study was to describe the current state of ED data for use in bioterrorism surveillance in 2 regions of the country. We found that chief complaint (CC) data are available electronically in 54\\% of the North Carolina EDs surveyed, and in 100\\% of the Seattle area EDs. Over half of all EDs reported that CCs are recorded in free text form. Though all EDs have electronic diagnosis data, less than half report that diagnoses are coded within 24 hours of the ED visit.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Travers, Debbie A. and Waller, Anna and Haas, Stephanie W. and Lober, William B. and Beard, Carmen},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpmid = {14728256},\n\tpmcid = {PMC1479948},\n\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Emergency Service, Hospital, Hospital Information Systems, Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, North Carolina, Population Surveillance, Vocabulary, Controlled, Washington},\n\tpages = {664--668},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Emergency Department (ED) data are a key component of bioterrorism surveillance systems. Little research has been done to examine differences in ED data capture and entry across hospitals, regions and states. The purpose of this study was to describe the current state of ED data for use in bioterrorism surveillance in 2 regions of the country. We found that chief complaint (CC) data are available electronically in 54% of the North Carolina EDs surveyed, and in 100% of the Seattle area EDs. Over half of all EDs reported that CCs are recorded in free text form. Though all EDs have electronic diagnosis data, less than half report that diagnoses are coded within 24 hours of the ED visit.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2002\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2002')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2002')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2002</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"karras-ocarroll-oberle-masuda-lober-robins-kim-schaad-etal-developmentandevaluationofpublichealthinformaticsatuniversityofwashington-2002\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Karras, B. T.; O'Carroll, P.; Oberle, M. W.; Masuda, D.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Robins, L. S.; Kim, S.; Schaad, D. C.;  and Scott, C. S.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Development and evaluation of public health informatics at University of Washington.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP</i>, 8(3): 37–43. May 2002.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200205000-00006\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('karras-ocarroll-oberle-masuda-lober-robins-kim-schaad-etal-developmentandevaluationofpublichealthinformaticsatuniversityofwashington-2002', 'http://doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200205000-00006', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/karras-ocarroll-oberle-masuda-lober-robins-kim-schaad-etal-developmentandevaluationofpublichealthinformaticsatuniversityofwashington-2002\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('karras-ocarroll-oberle-masuda-lober-robins-kim-schaad-etal-developmentandevaluationofpublichealthinformaticsatuniversityofwashington-2002')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{karras_development_2002,\n\ttitle = {Development and evaluation of public health informatics at {University} of {Washington}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {1078-4659},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/00124784-200205000-00006},\n\tabstract = {Public Health Informatics (PHI) education began at the University of Washington (UW) with a Summer Institute in 1995. The Biomedical and Health Informatics graduate program, which is housed in the School of Medicine, is an interdisciplinary, multi-school program. It demonstrates the UW&#x27;s cooperative efforts in advancing informatics, encompassing the schools of public health, medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, information and graduate schools in computer science. This article provides an overview of the developmental milestones related to activities in PHI and describes the evaluation strategy and assessment plan for PHI training at the UW (http://phig.washington.edu).},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP},\n\tauthor = {Karras, Bryant Thomas and O&#x27;Carroll, Patrick and Oberle, Mark W. and Masuda, David and Lober, William B. and Robins, Lynne S. and Kim, Sara and Schaad, Doug C. and Scott, Craig S.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpmid = {15156623},\n\tkeywords = {Curriculum, Educational Measurement, Humans, Medical Informatics, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Universities, Washington},\n\tpages = {37--43},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Public Health Informatics (PHI) education began at the University of Washington (UW) with a Summer Institute in 1995. The Biomedical and Health Informatics graduate program, which is housed in the School of Medicine, is an interdisciplinary, multi-school program. It demonstrates the UW's cooperative efforts in advancing informatics, encompassing the schools of public health, medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, information and graduate schools in computer science. This article provides an overview of the developmental milestones related to activities in PHI and describes the evaluation strategy and assessment plan for PHI training at the UW (http://phig.washington.edu).\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"karras-huq-bliss-lober-nationalpharmaceuticalstockpiledrillanalysisusingxmldatacollectiononwirelessjavaphones-2002\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Karras, B. T.; Huq, S. H.; Bliss, D.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244171/pdf/procamiasymp00001-0406.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'karras-huq-bliss-lober-nationalpharmaceuticalstockpiledrillanalysisusingxmldatacollectiononwirelessjavaphones-2002', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244171/pdf/procamiasymp00001-0406.pdf', event);\">\n    National Pharmaceutical Stockpile drill analysis using XML data collection on wireless Java phones.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>,365–369.  2002.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244171/pdf/procamiasymp00001-0406.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('karras-huq-bliss-lober-nationalpharmaceuticalstockpiledrillanalysisusingxmldatacollectiononwirelessjavaphones-2002', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244171/pdf/procamiasymp00001-0406.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"National Pharmaceutical Stockpile drill analysis using XML data collection on wireless Java phones [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/karras-huq-bliss-lober-nationalpharmaceuticalstockpiledrillanalysisusingxmldatacollectiononwirelessjavaphones-2002\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('karras-huq-bliss-lober-nationalpharmaceuticalstockpiledrillanalysisusingxmldatacollectiononwirelessjavaphones-2002')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{karras_national_2002,\n\ttitle = {National {Pharmaceutical} {Stockpile} drill analysis using {XML} data collection on wireless {Java} phones},\n\tissn = {1531-605X},\n\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244171/pdf/procamiasymp00001-0406.pdf},\n\tabstract = {This study describes an informatics effort to track subjects through a National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (NPS) distribution drill. The drill took place in Seattle on 1/24/2002. Washington and the State Department of Health are among the first in the nation to stage a NPS drill testing the distribution of medications to mock patients, thereby testing the treatment capacity of the plan given a post-anthrax exposure scenario. The goal of the Public Health Informatics Group at the University of Washington (www.phig.washington.edu) was to use informatics approaches to monitor subject numbers and elapsed time. This study compares accuracy of time measurements using a mobile phone Java application to traditional paper recording in a live drill of the NPS. Pearson correlation = 1.0 in 2 of 3 stations. Differences in last station measurements can be explained by delay in recording of the exit time. We discuss development of the application itself and lessons learned. (MeSH Bioterrorism, Informatics, Public Health)},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Karras, B. T. and Huq, S. Huq and Bliss, D. and Lober, W. B.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpmid = {12463848},\n\tpmcid = {PMC2244171},\n\tkeywords = {Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bioterrorism, Cell Phone, Civil Defense, Communicable Disease Control, Data Collection, Disaster Planning, Government Agencies, Humans, Point-of-Care Systems, Programming Languages, Public Health Administration, Public Health Informatics, State Government, Washington},\n\tpages = {365--369},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This study describes an informatics effort to track subjects through a National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (NPS) distribution drill. The drill took place in Seattle on 1/24/2002. Washington and the State Department of Health are among the first in the nation to stage a NPS drill testing the distribution of medications to mock patients, thereby testing the treatment capacity of the plan given a post-anthrax exposure scenario. The goal of the Public Health Informatics Group at the University of Washington (www.phig.washington.edu) was to use informatics approaches to monitor subject numbers and elapsed time. This study compares accuracy of time measurements using a mobile phone Java application to traditional paper recording in a live drill of the NPS. Pearson correlation = 1.0 in 2 of 3 stations. Differences in last station measurements can be explained by delay in recording of the exit time. We discuss development of the application itself and lessons learned. (MeSH Bioterrorism, Informatics, Public Health)\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lober-karras-wagner-overhage-davidson-fraser-trigg-mandl-etal-roundtableonbioterrorismdetectioninformationsystembasedsurveillance-2002\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://cirg.uw.edu/pubs/public-health-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>; Karras, B. T.; Wagner, M. M.; Overhage, J. M.; Davidson, A. J.; Fraser, H.; Trigg, L. J.; Mandl, K. D.; Espino, J. U.;  and Tsui, F.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Roundtable on bioterrorism detection: information system-based surveillance.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA</i>, 9(2): 105–115. April 2002.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m1052\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lober-karras-wagner-overhage-davidson-fraser-trigg-mandl-etal-roundtableonbioterrorismdetectioninformationsystembasedsurveillance-2002', 'http://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m1052', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lober-karras-wagner-overhage-davidson-fraser-trigg-mandl-etal-roundtableonbioterrorismdetectioninformationsystembasedsurveillance-2002\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lober-karras-wagner-overhage-davidson-fraser-trigg-mandl-etal-roundtableonbioterrorismdetectioninformationsystembasedsurveillance-2002')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lober_roundtable_2002,\n\ttitle = {Roundtable on bioterrorism detection: information system-based surveillance},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {1067-5027},\n\tshorttitle = {Roundtable on bioterrorism detection},\n\tdoi = {10.1197/jamia.m1052},\n\tabstract = {During the 2001 AMIA Annual Symposium, the Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Emergency Medicine Working Group hosted the Roundtable on Bioterrorism Detection. Sixty-four people attended the roundtable discussion, during which several researchers discussed public health surveillance systems designed to enhance early detection of bioterrorism events. These systems make secondary use of existing clinical, laboratory, paramedical, and pharmacy data or facilitate electronic case reporting by clinicians. This paper combines case reports of six existing systems with discussion of some common techniques and approaches. The purpose of the roundtable discussion was to foster communication among researchers and promote progress by 1) sharing information about systems, including origins, current capabilities, stages of deployment, and architectures; 2) sharing lessons learned during the development and implementation of systems; and 3) exploring cooperation projects, including the sharing of software and data. A mailing list server for these ongoing efforts may be found at http://bt.cirg.washington.edu.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\n\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Karras, Bryant Thomas and Wagner, Michael M. and Overhage, J. Marc and Davidson, Arthur J. and Fraser, Hamish and Trigg, Lisa J. and Mandl, Kenneth D. and Espino, Jeremy U. and Tsui, Fu-Chiang},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpmid = {11861622},\n\tpmcid = {PMC344564},\n\tkeywords = {Bioterrorism, CIRG\\_Selected, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Population Surveillance, United States},\n\tpages = {105--115},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  During the 2001 AMIA Annual Symposium, the Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Emergency Medicine Working Group hosted the Roundtable on Bioterrorism Detection. Sixty-four people attended the roundtable discussion, during which several researchers discussed public health surveillance systems designed to enhance early detection of bioterrorism events. These systems make secondary use of existing clinical, laboratory, paramedical, and pharmacy data or facilitate electronic case reporting by clinicians. This paper combines case reports of six existing systems with discussion of some common techniques and approaches. The purpose of the roundtable discussion was to foster communication among researchers and promote progress by 1) sharing information about systems, including origins, current capabilities, stages of deployment, and architectures; 2) sharing lessons learned during the development and implementation of systems; and 3) exploring cooperation projects, including the sharing of software and data. A mailing list server for these ongoing efforts may be found at http://bt.cirg.washington.edu.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);