var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"bib\":\"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/items?key=GyU6I7tMiGHiXbit6Q3fBfbA&format=bibtex&limit=100\",\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\"},\n      data: [{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"‘Hypernudge’: Big Data as a mode of regulation by design\",\"volume\":\"20\",\"issn\":\"1369-118X\",\"shorttitle\":\"‘Hypernudge’\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713\",\"abstract\":\"This paper draws on regulatory governance scholarship to argue that the analytic phenomenon currently known as ‘Big Data’ can be understood as a mode of ‘design-based’ regulation. Although Big Data decision-making technologies can take the form of automated decision-making systems, this paper focuses on algorithmic decision-guidance techniques. By highlighting correlations between data items that would not otherwise be observable, these techniques are being used to shape the informational choice context in which individual decision-making occurs, with the aim of channelling attention and decision-making in directions preferred by the ‘choice architect’. By relying upon the use of ‘nudge’ – a particular form of choice architecture that alters people’s behaviour in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives, these techniques constitute a ‘soft’ form of design-based control. But, unlike the static Nudges popularised by Thaler and Sunstein [(2008). Nudge. London: Penguin Books] such as placing the salad in front of the lasagne to encourage healthy eating, Big Data analytic nudges are extremely powerful and potent due to their networked, continuously updated, dynamic and pervasive nature (hence ‘hypernudge’). I adopt a liberal, rights-based critique of these techniques, contrasting liberal theoretical accounts with selective insights from science and technology studies (STS) and surveillance studies on the other. I argue that concerns about the legitimacy of these techniques are not satisfactorily resolved through reliance on individual notice and consent, touching upon the troubling implications for democracy and human flourishing if Big Data analytic techniques driven by commercial self-interest continue their onward march unchecked by effective and legitimate constraints.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2019-11-04\",\"journal\":\"Information, Communication & Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yeung\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"keywords\":\"Big Data, communication studies, law, regulation, social theory, surveillance/privacy\",\"pages\":\"118–136\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yeung_hypernudge_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {‘{Hypernudge}’: {Big} {Data} as a mode of regulation by design},\\n\\tvolume = {20},\\n\\tissn = {1369-118X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {‘{Hypernudge}’},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713},\\n\\tabstract = {This paper draws on regulatory governance scholarship to argue that the analytic phenomenon currently known as ‘Big Data’ can be understood as a mode of ‘design-based’ regulation. Although Big Data decision-making technologies can take the form of automated decision-making systems, this paper focuses on algorithmic decision-guidance techniques. By highlighting correlations between data items that would not otherwise be observable, these techniques are being used to shape the informational choice context in which individual decision-making occurs, with the aim of channelling attention and decision-making in directions preferred by the ‘choice architect’. By relying upon the use of ‘nudge’ – a particular form of choice architecture that alters people’s behaviour in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives, these techniques constitute a ‘soft’ form of design-based control. But, unlike the static Nudges popularised by Thaler and Sunstein [(2008). Nudge. London: Penguin Books] such as placing the salad in front of the lasagne to encourage healthy eating, Big Data analytic nudges are extremely powerful and potent due to their networked, continuously updated, dynamic and pervasive nature (hence ‘hypernudge’). I adopt a liberal, rights-based critique of these techniques, contrasting liberal theoretical accounts with selective insights from science and technology studies (STS) and surveillance studies on the other. I argue that concerns about the legitimacy of these techniques are not satisfactorily resolved through reliance on individual notice and consent, touching upon the troubling implications for democracy and human flourishing if Big Data analytic techniques driven by commercial self-interest continue their onward march unchecked by effective and legitimate constraints.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2019-11-04},\\n\\tjournal = {Information, Communication \\\\& Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Yeung, Karen},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tkeywords = {Big Data, communication studies, law, regulation, social theory, surveillance/privacy},\\n\\tpages = {118--136},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yeung, K.\"],\"key\":\"yeung_hypernudge_2017\",\"id\":\"yeung_hypernudge_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yeung-hypernudgebigdataasamodeofregulationbydesign-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713\"},\"keyword\":[\"Big Data\",\"communication studies\",\"law\",\"regulation\",\"social theory\",\"surveillance/privacy\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Communication and Public OpinionPlus Ça Change?\",\"volume\":\"75\",\"issn\":\"0033-362X\",\"url\":\"https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/75/5/1018/1825647\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/poq/nfr052\",\"abstract\":\"Abstract. Three central themes that have persisted throughout the history of research on communication and public opinion are examined in light of past, presen\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"5\",\"urldate\":\"2019-11-05\",\"journal\":\"Public Opinion Quarterly\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mutz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Diana\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Young\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lori\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pages\":\"1018–1044\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{mutz_communication_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Communication and {Public} {OpinionPlus} Ça {Change}?},\\n\\tvolume = {75},\\n\\tissn = {0033-362X},\\n\\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/75/5/1018/1825647},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/poq/nfr052},\\n\\tabstract = {Abstract.  Three central themes that have persisted throughout the history of research on communication and public opinion are examined in light of past, presen},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {5},\\n\\turldate = {2019-11-05},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},\\n\\tauthor = {Mutz, Diana C. and Young, Lori},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpages = {1018--1044},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Mutz, D. C.\",\"Young, L.\"],\"key\":\"mutz_communication_2011\",\"id\":\"mutz_communication_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mutz-young-communicationandpublicopinionplusachange-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/75/5/1018/1825647\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Diversity in recommender systems – A survey\",\"volume\":\"123\",\"issn\":\"0950-7051\",\"url\":\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705117300680\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.knosys.2017.02.009\",\"abstract\":\"Diversification has become one of the leading topics of recommender system research not only as a way to solve the over-fitting problem but also an approach to increasing the quality of the user’s experience with the recommender system. This article aims to provide an overview of research done on this topic from one of the first mentions of diversity in 2001 until now. The articles ,and research, have been divided into three sub-topics for a better overview of the work done in the field of recommendation diversification: the definition and evaluation of diversity; the impact of diversification on the quality of recommendation results and the development of diversification algorithms themselves. In this way, the article aims both to offer a good overview to a researcher looking for the state-of-the-art on this topic and to help a new developer get familiar with the topic.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2019-11-04\",\"journal\":\"Knowledge-Based Systems\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kunaver\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Matevž\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Požrl\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tomaž\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"keywords\":\"Diversity, Personalization, Recommender system\",\"pages\":\"154–162\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kunaver_diversity_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Diversity in recommender systems – {A} survey},\\n\\tvolume = {123},\\n\\tissn = {0950-7051},\\n\\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705117300680},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.knosys.2017.02.009},\\n\\tabstract = {Diversification has become one of the leading topics of recommender system research not only as a way to solve the over-fitting problem but also an approach to increasing the quality of the user’s experience with the recommender system. This article aims to provide an overview of research done on this topic from one of the first mentions of diversity in 2001 until now. The articles ,and research, have been divided into three sub-topics for a better overview of the work done in the field of recommendation diversification: the definition and evaluation of diversity; the impact of diversification on the quality of recommendation results and the development of diversification algorithms themselves. In this way, the article aims both to offer a good overview to a researcher looking for the state-of-the-art on this topic and to help a new developer get familiar with the topic.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2019-11-04},\\n\\tjournal = {Knowledge-Based Systems},\\n\\tauthor = {Kunaver, Matevž and Požrl, Tomaž},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tkeywords = {Diversity, Personalization, Recommender system},\\n\\tpages = {154--162},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kunaver, M.\",\"Požrl, T.\"],\"key\":\"kunaver_diversity_2017\",\"id\":\"kunaver_diversity_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kunaver-porl-diversityinrecommendersystemsasurvey-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705117300680\"},\"keyword\":[\"Diversity\",\"Personalization\",\"Recommender system\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Investigating Political Polarization on Twitter: A Canadian Perspective\",\"volume\":\"6\",\"copyright\":\"© 2014 Policy Studies Organization\",\"issn\":\"1944-2866\",\"shorttitle\":\"Investigating Political Polarization on Twitter\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/1944-2866.POI354\",\"abstract\":\"This article investigates political polarization in social media by undertaking social network analysis of a sample of 5,918 tweets posted by 1,492 Twitter users during the 2011 Canadian Federal Election. On the one hand, we observed a clustering effect around shared political views among supporters of the same party in the Twitter communication network, suggesting that there are pockets of political polarization on Twitter. At the same time, there was evidence of cross-ideological connections and exchanges, which may facilitate open, cross-party, and cross-ideological discourse, and ignite wider debate and learning as they are observed by nonaffiliated voters and the media at large. However, what appeared to be far less likely was any increased willingness or tendency for committed partisans to shift their allegiances as a result of their Twitter engagements, and we postulate that Twitter usage at present is likely to further embed partisan loyalties during electoral periods rather than loosen them; a dynamic that would seemingly contribute to political polarization.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2019-11-24\",\"journal\":\"Policy & Internet\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gruzd\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anatoliy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeffrey\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"keywords\":\"Twitter, election, politics, social media, social network\",\"pages\":\"28–45\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{gruzd_investigating_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Investigating {Political} {Polarization} on {Twitter}: {A} {Canadian} {Perspective}},\\n\\tvolume = {6},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2014 Policy Studies Organization},\\n\\tissn = {1944-2866},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Investigating {Political} {Polarization} on {Twitter}},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1002/1944-2866.POI354},\\n\\tabstract = {This article investigates political polarization in social media by undertaking social network analysis of a sample of 5,918 tweets posted by 1,492 Twitter users during the 2011 Canadian Federal Election. On the one hand, we observed a clustering effect around shared political views among supporters of the same party in the Twitter communication network, suggesting that there are pockets of political polarization on Twitter. At the same time, there was evidence of cross-ideological connections and exchanges, which may facilitate open, cross-party, and cross-ideological discourse, and ignite wider debate and learning as they are observed by nonaffiliated voters and the media at large. However, what appeared to be far less likely was any increased willingness or tendency for committed partisans to shift their allegiances as a result of their Twitter engagements, and we postulate that Twitter usage at present is likely to further embed partisan loyalties during electoral periods rather than loosen them; a dynamic that would seemingly contribute to political polarization.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2019-11-24},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy \\\\& Internet},\\n\\tauthor = {Gruzd, Anatoliy and Roy, Jeffrey},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tkeywords = {Twitter, election, politics, social media, social network},\\n\\tpages = {28--45},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Gruzd, A.\",\"Roy, J.\"],\"key\":\"gruzd_investigating_2014\",\"id\":\"gruzd_investigating_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"gruzd-roy-investigatingpoliticalpolarizationontwitteracanadianperspective-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354\"},\"keyword\":[\"Twitter\",\"election\",\"politics\",\"social media\",\"social network\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Digital Studies Organologie des savoirs et technologies de la connaissance - Bernard Stiegler\",\"isbn\":\"978-2-36405-108-9\",\"abstract\":\"Le numérique bouleverse les savoirs, et depuis quelques années a émergé le concept de digital humanities (humanités numériques), paradigme à travers lequel les sciences de l’homme et de la société prennent acte de ce devenir. Cet ouvrage, qui s’inscrit évidemment dans cette dynamique, pose cependant en principe que les digital humanities ne sont qu’une dimension de ce qu’il faut appréhender plus largement comme les digital studies, lesquelles concernent toutes les formes de savoirs, théoriques aussi bien que pratiques. Il soutient autrement dit que le numérique constitue une mutation globale des savoirs sous toutes leurs formes (scientifiques, artistiques, politiques, sociaux au sens le plus large, pratiques dans tous les domaines) qui pose des questions épistémologiques fondamentales et radicalement nouvelles. Le contexte géopolitique de cette réflexion — qui a donné lieu à la constitution d’un réseau international par l’Institut de recherche et d’innovation (cf. digital-studies.org) — est l’émergence d’une industrie planétaire des savoirs pour laquelle l’Amérique du Nord tente de constituer ce que l’on appelle désormais un smart power.\",\"language\":\"fr\",\"publisher\":\"FYP editions\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stiegler\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bernard\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: BJ4uDwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{stiegler_digital_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Digital {Studies} {Organologie} des savoirs et technologies de la connaissance - {Bernard} {Stiegler}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-2-36405-108-9},\\n\\tabstract = {Le numérique bouleverse les savoirs, et depuis quelques années a émergé le concept de digital humanities (humanités numériques), paradigme à travers lequel les sciences de l’homme et de la société prennent acte de ce devenir. Cet ouvrage, qui s’inscrit évidemment dans cette dynamique, pose cependant en principe que les digital humanities ne sont qu’une dimension de ce qu’il faut appréhender plus largement comme les digital studies, lesquelles concernent toutes les formes de savoirs, théoriques aussi bien que pratiques. Il soutient autrement dit que le numérique constitue une mutation globale des savoirs sous toutes leurs formes (scientifiques, artistiques, politiques, sociaux au sens le plus large, pratiques dans tous les domaines) qui pose des questions épistémologiques fondamentales et radicalement nouvelles. Le contexte géopolitique de cette réflexion — qui a donné lieu à la constitution d’un réseau international par l’Institut de recherche et d’innovation (cf. digital-studies.org) — est l’émergence d’une industrie planétaire des savoirs pour laquelle l’Amérique du Nord tente de constituer ce que l’on appelle désormais un smart power.},\\n\\tlanguage = {fr},\\n\\tpublisher = {FYP editions},\\n\\tauthor = {Stiegler, Bernard},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: BJ4uDwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Stiegler, B.\"],\"key\":\"stiegler_digital_2016\",\"id\":\"stiegler_digital_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"stiegler-digitalstudiesorganologiedessavoirsettechnologiesdelaconnaissancebernardstiegler-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Selective exposure to information: A critical review\",\"volume\":\"31\",\"issn\":\"0033-362X\",\"shorttitle\":\"SELECTIVE EXPOSURE TO INFORMATION\",\"url\":\"https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/31/2/194/1813651\",\"doi\":\"10.1086/267513\",\"abstract\":\"Abstract. This study reviews the literature on selective exposure to information and re-analyzes prevalent theories by pointing up existing knowledge regarding\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2019-11-24\",\"journal\":\"Public Opinion Quarterly\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sears\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Freedman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jonathan\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"1967\",\"pages\":\"194–213\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{sears_selective_1967,\\n\\ttitle = {Selective exposure to information: {A} critical review},\\n\\tvolume = {31},\\n\\tissn = {0033-362X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {{SELECTIVE} {EXPOSURE} {TO} {INFORMATION}},\\n\\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/31/2/194/1813651},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1086/267513},\\n\\tabstract = {Abstract.  This study reviews the literature on selective exposure to information and re-analyzes prevalent theories by pointing up existing knowledge regarding},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2019-11-24},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},\\n\\tauthor = {Sears, David O. and Freedman, Jonathan L.},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {1967},\\n\\tpages = {194--213},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Sears, D. O.\",\"Freedman, J. L.\"],\"key\":\"sears_selective_1967\",\"id\":\"sears_selective_1967\",\"bibbaseid\":\"sears-freedman-selectiveexposuretoinformationacriticalreview-1967\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/31/2/194/1813651\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Médias sociaux, idéologie invisible et réel :pour une dialectique du concret\",\"copyright\":\"Licence Creative Commons\",\"shorttitle\":\"Médias sociaux, idéologie invisible et réel\",\"url\":\"http://journals.openedition.org/ticetsociete/1391\",\"doi\":\"10.4000/ticetsociete.1391\",\"abstract\":\"Cet article aborde les TIC, plus spécifiquement les médias socionumériques, dans une perspective critique. Nous soutenons que, pour aborder les TIC dans une perspective critique, il est nécessaire de réhabiliter un certain nombre de notions fondatrices de la tradition de la théorie critique, c’est-à-dire les concepts de totalité, d’idéologie, de dialectique, de fétichisme et d’aliénation. Au contraire des approches qui postulent que nous entrons dans l’ère de la fin des idéologies et de la représentation de la société comme totalité, nous avançons qu’une théorie critique des médias socionumériques se doit d’analyser leurs usages dans le contexte des transformations sociétales plus profondes qui ont cours au sein des sociétés capitalistes. Ces transformations, notamment la globalisation capitaliste, s’inscrivent dans une dynamique de totalisation, qui a entre autres été rendue possible grâce au déploiement des TIC. Selon nous, ce n’est que lorsque la technique aura réintégré le terrain idéologique qu’elle redeviendra sujette à débat et, de ce fait, réellement appropriable.\",\"language\":\"fr\",\"number\":\"Vol. 8, N° 1-2\",\"urldate\":\"2019-09-06\",\"journal\":\"tic&société\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ouellet\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Maxime\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mondoux\"],\"firstnames\":[\"André\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Menard\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marc\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{ouellet_medias_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Médias sociaux, idéologie invisible et réel :pour une dialectique du concret},\\n\\tcopyright = {Licence Creative Commons},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Médias sociaux, idéologie invisible et réel},\\n\\turl = {http://journals.openedition.org/ticetsociete/1391},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4000/ticetsociete.1391},\\n\\tabstract = {Cet article aborde les TIC, plus spécifiquement les médias socionumériques, dans une perspective critique. Nous soutenons que, pour aborder les TIC dans une perspective critique, il est nécessaire de réhabiliter un certain nombre de notions fondatrices de la tradition de la théorie critique, c’est-à-dire les concepts de totalité, d’idéologie, de dialectique, de fétichisme et d’aliénation. Au contraire des approches qui postulent que nous entrons dans l’ère de la fin des idéologies et de la représentation de la société comme totalité, nous avançons qu’une théorie critique des médias socionumériques se doit d’analyser leurs usages dans le contexte des transformations sociétales plus profondes qui ont cours au sein des sociétés capitalistes. Ces transformations, notamment la globalisation capitaliste, s’inscrivent dans une dynamique de totalisation, qui a entre autres été rendue possible grâce au déploiement des TIC. Selon nous, ce n’est que lorsque la technique aura réintégré le terrain idéologique qu’elle redeviendra sujette à débat et, de ce fait, réellement appropriable.},\\n\\tlanguage = {fr},\\n\\tnumber = {Vol. 8, N° 1-2},\\n\\turldate = {2019-09-06},\\n\\tjournal = {tic\\\\&société},\\n\\tauthor = {Ouellet, Maxime and Mondoux, André and Menard, Marc},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Ouellet, M.\",\"Mondoux, A.\",\"Menard, M.\"],\"key\":\"ouellet_medias_2014\",\"id\":\"ouellet_medias_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"ouellet-mondoux-menard-mdiassociauxidologieinvisibleetrelpourunedialectiqueduconcret-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://journals.openedition.org/ticetsociete/1391\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Exposure Diversity Reconsidered\",\"volume\":\"1\",\"issn\":\"2158-3897\",\"url\":\"www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246\",\"doi\":\"10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246\",\"abstract\":\"Concerning media diversity, should policymakers be more concerned about the choices consumers of information make than what sources are available to them? Dr. Napoli argues that with all of the information outlets currently available, focusing on source and content diversity is becoming less important than understanding the information that is actually consumed by media users. If audiences choose to focus their attention selectively on only a few sources that reflect their tastes and preferences, are policy interventions called for? Dr. Napoli discusses the kinds of research needed to begin to answer this question.\",\"urldate\":\"2019-11-27\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Information Policy\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Napoli\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Philip\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2011\",\"pages\":\"246–259\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{napoli_exposure_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Exposure {Diversity} {Reconsidered}},\\n\\tvolume = {1},\\n\\tissn = {2158-3897},\\n\\turl = {www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246},\\n\\tabstract = {Concerning media diversity, should policymakers be more concerned about the choices consumers of information make than what sources are available to them? Dr. Napoli argues that with all of the information outlets currently available, focusing on source and content diversity is becoming less important than understanding the information that is actually consumed by media users. If audiences choose to focus their attention selectively on only a few sources that reflect their tastes and preferences, are policy interventions called for? Dr. Napoli discusses the kinds of research needed to begin to answer this question.},\\n\\turldate = {2019-11-27},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Information Policy},\\n\\tauthor = {Napoli, Philip M.},\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpages = {246--259},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Napoli, P. M.\"],\"key\":\"napoli_exposure_2011\",\"id\":\"napoli_exposure_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"napoli-exposurediversityreconsidered-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Introduction à la pensée complexe\",\"isbn\":\"978-2-7578-4200-3\",\"language\":\"French\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Morin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Edgar\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"OCLC: 964046192\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{morin_introduction_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Introduction à la pensée complexe},\\n\\tisbn = {978-2-7578-4200-3},\\n\\tlanguage = {French},\\n\\tauthor = {Morin, Edgar},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {OCLC: 964046192},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Morin, E.\"],\"key\":\"morin_introduction_2014\",\"id\":\"morin_introduction_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"morin-introductionlapensecomplexe-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London ; New York\",\"title\":\"The three ecologies\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-485-00408-3 978-0-8264-8065-1\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"publisher\":\"Continuum\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Guattari\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Félix\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2005\",\"keywords\":\"Human ecology, Philosophy\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{guattari_three_2005,\\n\\taddress = {London ; New York},\\n\\ttitle = {The three ecologies},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-485-00408-3 978-0-8264-8065-1},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tpublisher = {Continuum},\\n\\tauthor = {Guattari, Félix},\\n\\tyear = {2005},\\n\\tkeywords = {Human ecology, Philosophy},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Guattari, F.\"],\"key\":\"guattari_three_2005\",\"id\":\"guattari_three_2005\",\"bibbaseid\":\"guattari-thethreeecologies-2005\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Human ecology\",\"Philosophy\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Strength of Weak Ties\",\"volume\":\"78\",\"issn\":\"0002-9602\",\"url\":\"www.jstor.org/stable/2776392\",\"abstract\":\"Analysis of social networks is suggested as a tool for linking micro and macro levels of sociological theory. The procedure is illustrated by elaboration of the macro implications of one aspect of small-scale interaction: the strength of dyadic ties. It is argued that the degree of overlap of two individuals' friendship networks varies directly with the strength of their tie to one another. The impact of this principle on diffusion of influence and information, mobility opportunity, and community organization is explored. Stress is laid on the cohesive power of weak ties. Most network models deal, implicitly, with strong ties, thus confining their applicability to small, well-defined groups. Emphasis on weak ties lends itself to discussion of relations between groups and to analysis of segments of social structure not easily defined in terms of primary groups.\",\"number\":\"6\",\"urldate\":\"2019-11-27\",\"journal\":\"American Journal of Sociology\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Granovetter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1973\",\"pages\":\"1360–1380\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{granovetter_strength_1973,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Strength} of {Weak} {Ties}},\\n\\tvolume = {78},\\n\\tissn = {0002-9602},\\n\\turl = {www.jstor.org/stable/2776392},\\n\\tabstract = {Analysis of social networks is suggested as a tool for linking micro and macro levels of sociological theory. The procedure is illustrated by elaboration of the macro implications of one aspect of small-scale interaction: the strength of dyadic ties. It is argued that the degree of overlap of two individuals' friendship networks varies directly with the strength of their tie to one another. The impact of this principle on diffusion of influence and information, mobility opportunity, and community organization is explored. Stress is laid on the cohesive power of weak ties. Most network models deal, implicitly, with strong ties, thus confining their applicability to small, well-defined groups. Emphasis on weak ties lends itself to discussion of relations between groups and to analysis of segments of social structure not easily defined in terms of primary groups.},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\turldate = {2019-11-27},\\n\\tjournal = {American Journal of Sociology},\\n\\tauthor = {Granovetter, Mark S.},\\n\\tyear = {1973},\\n\\tpages = {1360--1380},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Granovetter, M. S.\"],\"key\":\"granovetter_strength_1973\",\"id\":\"granovetter_strength_1973\",\"bibbaseid\":\"granovetter-thestrengthofweakties-1973\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/www.jstor.org/stable/2776392\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Diversity in Big Data: A Review\",\"volume\":\"5\",\"issn\":\"2167-6461\",\"shorttitle\":\"Diversity in Big Data\",\"url\":\"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/big.2016.0054\",\"doi\":\"10.1089/big.2016.0054\",\"abstract\":\"Big data technology offers unprecedented opportunities to society as a whole and also to its individual members. At the same time, this technology poses significant risks to those it overlooks. In this article, we give an overview of recent technical work on diversity, particularly in selection tasks, discuss connections between diversity and fairness, and identify promising directions for future work that will position diversity as an important component of a data-responsible society. We argue that diversity should come to the forefront of our discourse, for reasons that are both ethical—to mitigate the risks of exclusion—and utilitarian, to enable more powerful, accurate, and engaging data analysis and use.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2019-11-04\",\"journal\":\"Big Data\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Drosou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marina\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jagadish\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H.v.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pitoura\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Evaggelia\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stoyanovich\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Julia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"pages\":\"73–84\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{drosou_diversity_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Diversity in {Big} {Data}: {A} {Review}},\\n\\tvolume = {5},\\n\\tissn = {2167-6461},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Diversity in {Big} {Data}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/big.2016.0054},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1089/big.2016.0054},\\n\\tabstract = {Big data technology offers unprecedented opportunities to society as a whole and also to its individual members. At the same time, this technology poses significant risks to those it overlooks. In this article, we give an overview of recent technical work on diversity, particularly in selection tasks, discuss connections between diversity and fairness, and identify promising directions for future work that will position diversity as an important component of a data-responsible society. We argue that diversity should come to the forefront of our discourse, for reasons that are both ethical—to mitigate the risks of exclusion—and utilitarian, to enable more powerful, accurate, and engaging data analysis and use.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2019-11-04},\\n\\tjournal = {Big Data},\\n\\tauthor = {Drosou, Marina and Jagadish, H.v. and Pitoura, Evaggelia and Stoyanovich, Julia},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tpages = {73--84},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Drosou, M.\",\"Jagadish, H.\",\"Pitoura, E.\",\"Stoyanovich, J.\"],\"key\":\"drosou_diversity_2017\",\"id\":\"drosou_diversity_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"drosou-jagadish-pitoura-stoyanovich-diversityinbigdataareview-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/big.2016.0054\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"La technique est-elle condamnée à entrer par effraction dans notre culture ?\",\"volume\":\"4\",\"issn\":\"1925-4873\",\"url\":\"http://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/phro/2015-v4-n2-phro02105/1033446ar/\",\"doi\":\"https://doi.org/10.7202/1033446ar\",\"abstract\":\"L’artificialisation de notre monde n’est pas nouvelle et constitue même, à travers les objets techniques qui en sont le support, l’un des piliers de ce qui caractérise notre humanité. En dépit de ce constat, la culture technique, en tant que champ interdisciplinaire centré sur l’étude des relations entre technique et société, peine à s’institutionnaliser, y compris dans la formation des ingénieurs dont nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’elle devrait en être un élément clé. Notre expérience à l’INSA de Lyon nous invite à examiner les conditions de réalisation de la culture technique au niveau de l’enseignement, via une recherche interdisciplinaire, pour lui donner la place qu’elle mérite.\",\"language\":\"fr\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2019-11-28\",\"journal\":\"Phronesis\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chouteau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marianne\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Escudie\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marie-Pierre\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Forest\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Joëlle\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nguyen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Céline\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2015\",\"keywords\":\"SHS, culture technique, education, engineer, enseignement, human and social sciences, ingénieur, interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinarité, technical culture\",\"pages\":\"5–16\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{chouteau_technique_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {La technique est-elle condamnée à entrer par effraction dans notre culture ?},\\n\\tvolume = {4},\\n\\tissn = {1925-4873},\\n\\turl = {http://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/phro/2015-v4-n2-phro02105/1033446ar/},\\n\\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.7202/1033446ar},\\n\\tabstract = {L’artificialisation de notre monde n’est pas nouvelle et constitue même, à travers        les objets techniques qui en sont le support, l’un des piliers de ce qui caractérise notre        humanité. En dépit de ce constat, la culture technique, en tant que champ interdisciplinaire        centré sur l’étude des relations entre technique et société, peine à s’institutionnaliser, y        compris dans la formation des ingénieurs dont nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’elle devrait en        être un élément clé. Notre expérience à l’INSA de Lyon nous invite à examiner les conditions        de réalisation de la culture technique au niveau de l’enseignement, via une recherche        interdisciplinaire, pour lui donner la place qu’elle mérite.},\\n\\tlanguage = {fr},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2019-11-28},\\n\\tjournal = {Phronesis},\\n\\tauthor = {Chouteau, Marianne and Escudie, Marie-Pierre and Forest, Joëlle and Nguyen, Céline},\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tkeywords = {SHS, culture technique, education, engineer, enseignement, human and social sciences, ingénieur, interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinarité, technical culture},\\n\\tpages = {5--16},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Chouteau, M.\",\"Escudie, M.\",\"Forest, J.\",\"Nguyen, C.\"],\"key\":\"chouteau_technique_2015\",\"id\":\"chouteau_technique_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"chouteau-escudie-forest-nguyen-latechniqueestellecondamneentrerpareffractiondansnotreculture-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/phro/2015-v4-n2-phro02105/1033446ar/\"},\"keyword\":[\"SHS\",\"culture technique\",\"education\",\"engineer\",\"enseignement\",\"human and social sciences\",\"ingénieur\",\"interdisciplinarity\",\"interdisciplinarité\",\"technical culture\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Manifeste pour le développement de la Culture Technique. Culture Technique et changement de société\",\"language\":\"Français\",\"number\":\"6\",\"journal\":\"Culture Technique\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"De\",\"Noblet\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jocelyn\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1981\",\"pages\":\"11–47\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{de_noblet_manifeste_1981,\\n\\ttitle = {Manifeste pour le développement de la {Culture} {Technique}. {Culture} {Technique} et changement de société},\\n\\tlanguage = {Français},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\tjournal = {Culture Technique},\\n\\tauthor = {De Noblet, Jocelyn},\\n\\tyear = {1981},\\n\\tpages = {11--47},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"De Noblet, J.\"],\"key\":\"de_noblet_manifeste_1981\",\"id\":\"de_noblet_manifeste_1981\",\"bibbaseid\":\"denoblet-manifestepourledveloppementdelaculturetechniqueculturetechniqueetchangementdesocit-1981\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Savoirs écologiques\",\"copyright\":\"Tracés est mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.\",\"issn\":\"1763-0061\",\"url\":\"http://journals.openedition.org/traces/5415\",\"doi\":\"10.4000/traces.5415\",\"abstract\":\"Au-delà de l’impératif de protection et de conservation de la nature auquel le terme « écologie » renvoie de manière privilégiée, on parle aujourd’hui plus largement d’écologie pour qualifier des manières d’habiter, de se nourrir, de se déplacer, etc. La notion sert ainsi à labelliser un ensemble de pratiques, qui traduisent un rapport de respect et d’attention à l’environnement. Parallèlement à ces usages ordinaires, les démarches intellectuelles qui se ré...\",\"language\":\"fr\",\"number\":\"22\",\"urldate\":\"2019-10-13\",\"journal\":\"Tracés. Revue de Sciences humaines\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Charbonnier\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pierre\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kreplak\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yaël\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"pages\":\"7–23\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{charbonnier_savoirs_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {Savoirs écologiques},\\n\\tcopyright = {Tracés est mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.},\\n\\tissn = {1763-0061},\\n\\turl = {http://journals.openedition.org/traces/5415},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4000/traces.5415},\\n\\tabstract = {Au-delà de l’impératif de protection et de conservation de la nature auquel le terme « écologie » renvoie de manière privilégiée, on parle aujourd’hui plus largement d’écologie pour qualifier des manières d’habiter, de se nourrir, de se déplacer, etc. La notion sert ainsi à labelliser un ensemble de pratiques, qui traduisent un rapport de respect et d’attention à l’environnement. Parallèlement à ces usages ordinaires, les démarches intellectuelles qui se ré...},\\n\\tlanguage = {fr},\\n\\tnumber = {22},\\n\\turldate = {2019-10-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Tracés. Revue de Sciences humaines},\\n\\tauthor = {Charbonnier, Pierre and Kreplak, Yaël},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tpages = {7--23},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Charbonnier, P.\",\"Kreplak, Y.\"],\"key\":\"charbonnier_savoirs_2012\",\"id\":\"charbonnier_savoirs_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"charbonnier-kreplak-savoirscologiques-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://journals.openedition.org/traces/5415\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"title\":\"Novelty and Diversity in Recommender Systems\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4899-7636-9\",\"abstract\":\"Novelty and diversity have been identified, along with accuracy, as foremost properties of useful recommendations. Considerable progress has been made in the field in terms of the definition of methods to enhance such properties, as well as methodologies and metrics to assess how well such methods work. In this chapter we give an overview of the main contributions to this area in the field of recommender systems, and seek to relate them together in a unified view, analyzing the common elements underneath the different forms under which novelty and diversity have been addressed, and identifying connections to closely related work on diversity in other fields.\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Castells\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pablo\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hurley\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Neil\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Vargas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Saul\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/978-1-4899-7637-6_26\",\"keywords\":\"Aggregate Diversity, Recommendation Algorithm, Recommended Item, Recommender System, Target User\",\"pages\":\"881–918\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{castells_novelty_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Novelty and {Diversity} in {Recommender} {Systems}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4899-7636-9},\\n\\tabstract = {Novelty and diversity have been identified, along with accuracy, as foremost properties of useful recommendations. Considerable progress has been made in the field in terms of the definition of methods to enhance such properties, as well as methodologies and metrics to assess how well such methods work. In this chapter we give an overview of the main contributions to this area in the field of recommender systems, and seek to relate them together in a unified view, analyzing the common elements underneath the different forms under which novelty and diversity have been addressed, and identifying connections to closely related work on diversity in other fields.},\\n\\tauthor = {Castells, Pablo and Hurley, Neil and Vargas, Saul},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/978-1-4899-7637-6_26},\\n\\tkeywords = {Aggregate Diversity, Recommendation Algorithm, Recommended Item, Recommender System, Target User},\\n\\tpages = {881--918},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Castells, P.\",\"Hurley, N.\",\"Vargas, S.\"],\"key\":\"castells_novelty_2015\",\"id\":\"castells_novelty_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"castells-hurley-vargas-noveltyanddiversityinrecommendersystems-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Aggregate Diversity\",\"Recommendation Algorithm\",\"Recommended Item\",\"Recommender System\",\"Target User\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Interested in Diversity\",\"volume\":\"7\",\"issn\":\"2167-0811\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292\",\"abstract\":\"Using survey evidence from the Netherlands, we explore the factors that influence news readers’ attitudes toward news personalization. We show that the value of personalization depends on commonly overlooked factors, such as concerns about a shared news sphere, and the depth and diversity of recommendations. However, these expectations are not universal. Younger, less educated users have little exposure to non-personalized news, and they also show little concern about diverse news recommendations. We discuss the policy implications of our findings. We show that quality news organizations that pursue reader loyalty and trust have a strong incentive to implement personalization algorithms that help them achieve these particular goals by taking into account diversity expecting user attitudes and providing high quality recommendations. Diversity-valuing news readers are thus well placed to be served by diversity-enhancing recommender algorithms. However, some users are in danger of being left out of this positive feedback loop. We make specific policy suggestions regarding how to address the issue of diversity-reducing feedback loops, and encourage the development of diversity-enhancing ones.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2021-01-27\",\"journal\":\"Digital Journalism\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bodó\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Balázs\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Helberger\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Natali\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Eskens\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Möller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Judith\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292\",\"keywords\":\"news, personalization, survey, the Netherlands, user attitudes\",\"pages\":\"206–229\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{bodo_interested_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Interested in {Diversity}},\\n\\tvolume = {7},\\n\\tissn = {2167-0811},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292},\\n\\tabstract = {Using survey evidence from the Netherlands, we explore the factors that influence news readers’ attitudes toward news personalization. We show that the value of personalization depends on commonly overlooked factors, such as concerns about a shared news sphere, and the depth and diversity of recommendations. However, these expectations are not universal. Younger, less educated users have little exposure to non-personalized news, and they also show little concern about diverse news recommendations. We discuss the policy implications of our findings. We show that quality news organizations that pursue reader loyalty and trust have a strong incentive to implement personalization algorithms that help them achieve these particular goals by taking into account diversity expecting user attitudes and providing high quality recommendations. Diversity-valuing news readers are thus well placed to be served by diversity-enhancing recommender algorithms. However, some users are in danger of being left out of this positive feedback loop. We make specific policy suggestions regarding how to address the issue of diversity-reducing feedback loops, and encourage the development of diversity-enhancing ones.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2021-01-27},\\n\\tjournal = {Digital Journalism},\\n\\tauthor = {Bodó, Balázs and Helberger, Natali and Eskens, Sarah and Möller, Judith},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292},\\n\\tkeywords = {news, personalization, survey, the Netherlands, user attitudes},\\n\\tpages = {206--229},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bodó, B.\",\"Helberger, N.\",\"Eskens, S.\",\"Möller, J.\"],\"key\":\"bodo_interested_2019\",\"id\":\"bodo_interested_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bod-helberger-eskens-mller-interestedindiversity-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292\"},\"keyword\":[\"news\",\"personalization\",\"survey\",\"the Netherlands\",\"user attitudes\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Paris\",\"title\":\"Vers une écologie de l'esprit T. 2. T. 2.\",\"isbn\":\"978-2-02-053233-4\",\"language\":\"French\",\"publisher\":\"Ed. du Seuil\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bateson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gregory\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2008\",\"note\":\"OCLC: 717575731\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bateson_vers_2008,\\n\\taddress = {Paris},\\n\\ttitle = {Vers une écologie de l'esprit {T}. 2. {T}. 2.},\\n\\tisbn = {978-2-02-053233-4},\\n\\tlanguage = {French},\\n\\tpublisher = {Ed. du Seuil},\\n\\tauthor = {Bateson, Gregory},\\n\\tyear = {2008},\\n\\tnote = {OCLC: 717575731},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bateson, G.\"],\"key\":\"bateson_vers_2008\",\"id\":\"bateson_vers_2008\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bateson-versunecologiedelespritt2t2-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Paris\",\"series\":\"Science ouverte\",\"title\":\"Penser la technique: pour une démocratie concrète\",\"isbn\":\"978-2-02-006337-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Penser la technique\",\"publisher\":\"Seuil\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roqueplo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Philippe\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1983\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy, Technology\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{roqueplo_penser_1983,\\n\\taddress = {Paris},\\n\\tseries = {Science ouverte},\\n\\ttitle = {Penser la technique: pour une démocratie concrète},\\n\\tisbn = {978-2-02-006337-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Penser la technique},\\n\\tpublisher = {Seuil},\\n\\tauthor = {Roqueplo, Philippe},\\n\\tyear = {1983},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy, Technology},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Roqueplo, P.\"],\"key\":\"roqueplo_penser_1983\",\"id\":\"roqueplo_penser_1983\",\"bibbaseid\":\"roqueplo-penserlatechniquepourunedmocratieconcrte-1983\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy\",\"Technology\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook\",\"volume\":\"348\",\"copyright\":\"Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science\",\"issn\":\"0036-8075, 1095-9203\",\"url\":\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/1130\",\"doi\":\"10.1126/science.aaa1160\",\"abstract\":\"Not getting all sides of the news? People are increasingly turning away from mass media to social media as a way of learning news and civic information. Bakshy et al. examined the news that millions of Facebook users' peers shared, what information these users were presented with, and what they ultimately consumed (see the Perspective by Lazer). Friends shared substantially less cross-cutting news from sources aligned with an opposing ideology. People encountered roughly 15% less cross-cutting content in news feeds due to algorithmic ranking and clicked through to 70% less of this cross-cutting content. Within the domain of political news encountered in social media, selective exposure appears to drive attention. Science, this issue p. 1130; see also p. 1090 Exposure to news, opinion, and civic information increasingly occurs through social media. How do these online networks influence exposure to perspectives that cut across ideological lines? Using deidentified data, we examined how 10.1 million U.S. Facebook users interact with socially shared news. We directly measured ideological homophily in friend networks and examined the extent to which heterogeneous friends could potentially expose individuals to cross-cutting content. We then quantified the extent to which individuals encounter comparatively more or less diverse content while interacting via Facebook’s algorithmically ranked News Feed and further studied users’ choices to click through to ideologically discordant content. Compared with algorithmic ranking, individuals’ choices played a stronger role in limiting exposure to cross-cutting content. Despite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer] Despite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer]\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"6239\",\"urldate\":\"2019-06-12\",\"journal\":\"Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bakshy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eytan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Messing\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Solomon\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Adamic\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lada\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"pmid\":\"25953820\",\"keywords\":\"Important\",\"pages\":\"1130–1132\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{bakshy_exposure_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on {Facebook}},\\n\\tvolume = {348},\\n\\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science},\\n\\tissn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},\\n\\turl = {https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/1130},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1126/science.aaa1160},\\n\\tabstract = {Not getting all sides of the news?\\nPeople are increasingly turning away from mass media to social media as a way of learning news and civic information. Bakshy et al. examined the news that millions of Facebook users' peers shared, what information these users were presented with, and what they ultimately consumed (see the Perspective by Lazer). Friends shared substantially less cross-cutting news from sources aligned with an opposing ideology. People encountered roughly 15\\\\% less cross-cutting content in news feeds due to algorithmic ranking and clicked through to 70\\\\% less of this cross-cutting content. Within the domain of political news encountered in social media, selective exposure appears to drive attention.\\nScience, this issue p. 1130; see also p. 1090\\nExposure to news, opinion, and civic information increasingly occurs through social media. How do these online networks influence exposure to perspectives that cut across ideological lines? Using deidentified data, we examined how 10.1 million U.S. Facebook users interact with socially shared news. We directly measured ideological homophily in friend networks and examined the extent to which heterogeneous friends could potentially expose individuals to cross-cutting content. We then quantified the extent to which individuals encounter comparatively more or less diverse content while interacting via Facebook’s algorithmically ranked News Feed and further studied users’ choices to click through to ideologically discordant content. Compared with algorithmic ranking, individuals’ choices played a stronger role in limiting exposure to cross-cutting content.\\nDespite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer]\\nDespite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer]},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {6239},\\n\\turldate = {2019-06-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Bakshy, Eytan and Messing, Solomon and Adamic, Lada A.},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tpmid = {25953820},\\n\\tkeywords = {Important},\\n\\tpages = {1130--1132},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bakshy, E.\",\"Messing, S.\",\"Adamic, L. A.\"],\"key\":\"bakshy_exposure_2015\",\"id\":\"bakshy_exposure_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bakshy-messing-adamic-exposuretoideologicallydiversenewsandopiniononfacebook-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/1130\"},\"keyword\":[\"Important\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Should we worry about filter bubbles?\",\"issn\":\"2197-6775\",\"url\":\"https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/should-we-worry-about-filter-bubbles\",\"abstract\":\"Personalised news websites can have serious implications for democracy, but little is known about the extent and effects of personalisation.\",\"urldate\":\"2018-11-16\",\"journal\":\"Internet Policy Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zuiderveen\",\"Borgesius\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frederik\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Trilling\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Damian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Möller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Judith\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bodó\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Balázs\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Vreese\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Claes\",\"H.\",\"de\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Helberger\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Natali\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{zuiderveen_borgesius_should_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Should we worry about filter bubbles?},\\n\\tissn = {2197-6775},\\n\\turl = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/should-we-worry-about-filter-bubbles},\\n\\tabstract = {Personalised news websites can have serious implications for democracy, but little is known about the extent and effects of personalisation.},\\n\\turldate = {2018-11-16},\\n\\tjournal = {Internet Policy Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, Frederik and Trilling, Damian and Möller, Judith and Bodó, Balázs and Vreese, Claes H. de and Helberger, Natali},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.\",\"Trilling, D.\",\"Möller, J.\",\"Bodó, B.\",\"Vreese, C. H. d.\",\"Helberger, N.\"],\"key\":\"zuiderveen_borgesius_should_2016\",\"id\":\"zuiderveen_borgesius_should_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"zuiderveenborgesius-trilling-mller-bod-vreese-helberger-shouldweworryaboutfilterbubbles-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/should-we-worry-about-filter-bubbles\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"Computational thinking\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/VLHCC.2011.6070404\",\"abstract\":\"Summary form only given. My vision for the 21st century, Computational Thinking, will be a fundamental skill used by everyone in the world. To reading, writing, and arithmetic, we should add computational thinking to every child's analytical ability. Computational thinking involves solving problems, designing systems, and understanding human behavior by drawing on the concepts fundamental to computer science. Thinking like a computer scientist means more than being able to program a computer. It requires the ability to abstract and thus to think at multiple levels of abstraction. In this talk I will give many examples of computational thinking, argue that it has already influenced other disciplines, and promote the idea that teaching computational thinking can not only inspire future generations to enter the field of computer science but benefit people in all fields.\",\"booktitle\":\"2011 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wing\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"keywords\":\"abstraction, cognition, computational thinking, computer science, fundamental skill, human behavior, problem solving\",\"pages\":\"3–3\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{wing_computational_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Computational thinking},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1109/VLHCC.2011.6070404},\\n\\tabstract = {Summary form only given. My vision for the 21st century, Computational Thinking, will be a fundamental skill used by everyone in the world. To reading, writing, and arithmetic, we should add computational thinking to every child's analytical ability. Computational thinking involves solving problems, designing systems, and understanding human behavior by drawing on the concepts fundamental to computer science. Thinking like a computer scientist means more than being able to program a computer. It requires the ability to abstract and thus to think at multiple levels of abstraction. In this talk I will give many examples of computational thinking, argue that it has already influenced other disciplines, and promote the idea that teaching computational thinking can not only inspire future generations to enter the field of computer science but benefit people in all fields.},\\n\\tbooktitle = {2011 {IEEE} {Symposium} on {Visual} {Languages} and {Human}-{Centric} {Computing} ({VL}/{HCC})},\\n\\tauthor = {Wing, J. M.},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tkeywords = {abstraction, cognition, computational thinking, computer science, fundamental skill, human behavior, problem solving},\\n\\tpages = {3--3},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wing, J. M.\"],\"key\":\"wing_computational_2011\",\"id\":\"wing_computational_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wing-computationalthinking-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"abstraction\",\"cognition\",\"computational thinking\",\"computer science\",\"fundamental skill\",\"human behavior\",\"problem solving\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Albany\",\"title\":\"The beauty of detours: a Batesonian philosophy of technology\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4384-7711-4\",\"shorttitle\":\"The beauty of detours\",\"publisher\":\"State University of New York\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Van\",\"Den\",\"Eede\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yoni\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2019\",\"keywords\":\"Bateson, Gregory, Philosophy, Technology\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{van_den_eede_beauty_2019,\\n\\taddress = {Albany},\\n\\ttitle = {The beauty of detours: a {Batesonian} philosophy of technology},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4384-7711-4},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The beauty of detours},\\n\\tpublisher = {State University of New York},\\n\\tauthor = {Van Den Eede, Yoni},\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tkeywords = {Bateson, Gregory, Philosophy, Technology},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Van Den Eede, Y.\"],\"key\":\"van_den_eede_beauty_2019\",\"id\":\"van_den_eede_beauty_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"vandeneede-thebeautyofdetoursabatesonianphilosophyoftechnology-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Bateson\",\"Gregory\",\"Philosophy\",\"Technology\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"In Between Us: On the Transparency and Opacity of Technological Mediation\",\"volume\":\"16\",\"issn\":\"1572-8471\",\"shorttitle\":\"In Between Us\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y\",\"abstract\":\"In recent years several approaches—philosophical, sociological, psychological—have been developed to come to grips with our profoundly technologically mediated world. However, notwithstanding the vast merit of each, they illuminate only certain aspects of technological mediation. This paper is a preliminary attempt at a philosophical reflection on technological mediation as such—deploying the concepts of ‘transparency’ and ‘opacity’ as heuristic instruments. Hence, we locate a ‘theory of transparency’ within several theoretical frameworks—respectively classic phenomenology, media theory, Actor Network Theory, postphenomenology, several ethnographical, psychological, and sociological perspectives, and finally, the “Critical Theory of Technology.” Subsequently, we render a general, systematic overview of these theories, thereby conjecturing what a broad analysis of technological mediation in and of itself might look like—finding, at last, an essential contradiction between transparency of ‘use’ and transparency of social origins and effects.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2020-03-19\",\"journal\":\"Foundations of Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Van\",\"Den\",\"Eede\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yoni\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pages\":\"139–159\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{van_den_eede_between_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {In {Between} {Us}: {On} the {Transparency} and {Opacity} of {Technological} {Mediation}},\\n\\tvolume = {16},\\n\\tissn = {1572-8471},\\n\\tshorttitle = {In {Between} {Us}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y},\\n\\tabstract = {In recent years several approaches—philosophical, sociological, psychological—have been developed to come to grips with our profoundly technologically mediated world. However, notwithstanding the vast merit of each, they illuminate only certain aspects of technological mediation. This paper is a preliminary attempt at a philosophical reflection on technological mediation as such—deploying the concepts of ‘transparency’ and ‘opacity’ as heuristic instruments. Hence, we locate a ‘theory of transparency’ within several theoretical frameworks—respectively classic phenomenology, media theory, Actor Network Theory, postphenomenology, several ethnographical, psychological, and sociological perspectives, and finally, the “Critical Theory of Technology.” Subsequently, we render a general, systematic overview of these theories, thereby conjecturing what a broad analysis of technological mediation in and of itself might look like—finding, at last, an essential contradiction between transparency of ‘use’ and transparency of social origins and effects.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2020-03-19},\\n\\tjournal = {Foundations of Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Van Den Eede, Yoni},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpages = {139--159},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Van Den Eede, Y.\"],\"key\":\"van_den_eede_between_2011\",\"id\":\"van_den_eede_between_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"vandeneede-inbetweenusonthetransparencyandopacityoftechnologicalmediation-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Götenborg\",\"title\":\"Evaluating Media Literacy and Media Education Competences of Future Media Educators\",\"booktitle\":\"Reflections on Media Education Futures. Contributions to the conference Media Education Futures in Tampere, Finland 2014\",\"publisher\":\"Nordicom\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Tilleul\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Camille\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fastrez\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pierre\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"De\",\"Smedt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thierry\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kotilainen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sirkku\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kupiainen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Reijo\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2015\",\"keywords\":\"Lu Pierre, inDIAL\",\"pages\":\"75–89\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{tilleul_evaluating_2015,\\n\\taddress = {Götenborg},\\n\\ttitle = {Evaluating {Media} {Literacy} and {Media} {Education} {Competences} of {Future} {Media} {Educators}},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Reflections on {Media} {Education} {Futures}. {Contributions} to the conference {Media} {Education} {Futures} in {Tampere}, {Finland} 2014},\\n\\tpublisher = {Nordicom},\\n\\tauthor = {Tilleul, Camille and Fastrez, Pierre and De Smedt, Thierry},\\n\\teditor = {Kotilainen, Sirkku and Kupiainen, Reijo},\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tkeywords = {Lu Pierre, inDIAL},\\n\\tpages = {75--89},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Tilleul, C.\",\"Fastrez, P.\",\"De Smedt, T.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Kotilainen, S.\",\"Kupiainen, R.\"],\"key\":\"tilleul_evaluating_2015\",\"id\":\"tilleul_evaluating_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"tilleul-fastrez-desmedt-evaluatingmedialiteracyandmediaeducationcompetencesoffuturemediaeducators-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Lu Pierre\",\"inDIAL\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Paris\",\"series\":\"La Philosophie en effet\",\"title\":\"La technique et le temps\",\"isbn\":\"978-2-7186-0440-4 978-2-7186-0468-8 978-2-7186-0563-0\",\"publisher\":\"Galilée/Cité des sciences et de l'industrie\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stiegler\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bernard\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1994\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy, Technology\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{stiegler_technique_1994,\\n\\taddress = {Paris},\\n\\tseries = {La {Philosophie} en effet},\\n\\ttitle = {La technique et le temps},\\n\\tisbn = {978-2-7186-0440-4 978-2-7186-0468-8 978-2-7186-0563-0},\\n\\tpublisher = {Galilée/Cité des sciences et de l'industrie},\\n\\tauthor = {Stiegler, Bernard},\\n\\tyear = {1994},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy, Technology},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Stiegler, B.\"],\"key\":\"stiegler_technique_1994\",\"id\":\"stiegler_technique_1994\",\"bibbaseid\":\"stiegler-latechniqueetletemps-1994\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy\",\"Technology\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Steps Toward an Ecology of Infrastructure: Design and Access for Large Information Spaces\",\"volume\":\"7\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Star\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Susan\",\"Leigh\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ruhleder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1996\",\"pages\":\"25\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{star_steps_1996,\\n\\ttitle = {Steps {Toward} an {Ecology} of {Infrastructure}: {Design} and {Access} for {Large} {Information} {Spaces}},\\n\\tvolume = {7},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH},\\n\\tauthor = {Star, Susan Leigh and Ruhleder, Karen},\\n\\tyear = {1996},\\n\\tpages = {25},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Star, S. L.\",\"Ruhleder, K.\"],\"key\":\"star_steps_1996\",\"id\":\"star_steps_1996\",\"bibbaseid\":\"star-ruhleder-stepstowardanecologyofinfrastructuredesignandaccessforlargeinformationspaces-1996\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Fake news and ideological polarization: Filter bubbles and selective exposure on social media\",\"shorttitle\":\"Fake news and ideological polarization\",\"url\":\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0266382117722446\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0266382117722446\",\"abstract\":\"This article addresses questions of ideological polarization and the filter bubble in social media. It develops a theoretical analysis of ideological polarizati...\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2020-06-12\",\"journal\":\"Business Information Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Spohr\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dominic\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{spohr_fake_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Fake news and ideological polarization: {Filter} bubbles and selective exposure on social media},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Fake news and ideological polarization},\\n\\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0266382117722446},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0266382117722446},\\n\\tabstract = {This article addresses questions of ideological polarization and the filter bubble in social media. It develops a theoretical analysis of ideological polarizati...},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2020-06-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Business Information Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Spohr, Dominic},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Spohr, D.\"],\"key\":\"spohr_fake_2017\",\"id\":\"spohr_fake_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"spohr-fakenewsandideologicalpolarizationfilterbubblesandselectiveexposureonsocialmedia-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0266382117722446\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Paris\",\"edition\":\"Nouv. éd. rev. et corr\",\"series\":\"Philosophie\",\"title\":\"Du mode d'existence des objets techniques\",\"isbn\":\"978-2-7007-0428-0\",\"language\":\"fre\",\"publisher\":\"Aubier\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Simondon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gilbert\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2012\",\"note\":\"OCLC: 828890034\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{simondon_du_2012,\\n\\taddress = {Paris},\\n\\tedition = {Nouv. éd. rev. et corr},\\n\\tseries = {Philosophie},\\n\\ttitle = {Du mode d'existence des objets techniques},\\n\\tisbn = {978-2-7007-0428-0},\\n\\tlanguage = {fre},\\n\\tpublisher = {Aubier},\\n\\tauthor = {Simondon, Gilbert},\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tnote = {OCLC: 828890034},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Simondon, G.\"],\"key\":\"simondon_du_2012\",\"id\":\"simondon_du_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"simondon-dumodedexistencedesobjetstechniques-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Information literacy, statistical literacy, data literacy\",\"volume\":\"282\",\"doi\":\"10.29173/iq790\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"IASSIST Quarterly Summer\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schield\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Milo\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2004\",\"keywords\":\"Lu Thibault, Statistical Literacy\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{schield_information_2004,\\n\\ttitle = {Information literacy, statistical literacy, data literacy},\\n\\tvolume = {282},\\n\\tdoi = {10.29173/iq790},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {IASSIST Quarterly Summer},\\n\\tauthor = {Schield, Milo},\\n\\tyear = {2004},\\n\\tkeywords = {Lu Thibault, Statistical Literacy},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schield, M.\"],\"key\":\"schield_information_2004\",\"id\":\"schield_information_2004\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schield-informationliteracystatisticalliteracydataliteracy-2004\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Lu Thibault\",\"Statistical Literacy\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"Lessons learned from a two-year experience in science data literacy education\",\"abstract\":\"In spring 2008 and 2009, we offered a course “Scientific Data Management” to undergraduate and graduate students from science and technology majors with support from an NSF CCLI (award #0633447) grant. We actively advertised the course on campus and conducted outreach efforts to individual classes and faculty representing a wide range of science and technology disciplines. Each time the course was offered, we conducted preand post-course surveys to assess the instructional effectiveness and learning outcomes. This paper will describe our experience as well as lessons learned in three areas: science faculty perceptions on data management, effect of science curriculum structures on data literacy education, and changes of students’ perceptions and aptitudes, and discuss how the lessons learned will help shape our escience Librarianship curriculum development, which is being funded by IMLS.\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Qin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"D'Ignazio\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"keywords\":\"Aptitude, Data Literacy, Data Management, Information Literacy, Information literacy, Librarian, Lu Thibault, data literacy, soluble NSF attachment protein\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{qin_lessons_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {Lessons learned from a two-year experience in science data literacy education},\\n\\tabstract = {In spring 2008 and 2009, we offered a course “Scientific Data Management” to undergraduate and graduate students from science and technology majors with support from an NSF CCLI (award \\\\#0633447) grant. We actively advertised the course on campus and conducted outreach efforts to individual classes and faculty representing a wide range of science and technology disciplines. Each time the course was offered, we conducted preand post-course surveys to assess the instructional effectiveness and learning outcomes. This paper will describe our experience as well as lessons learned in three areas: science faculty perceptions on data management, effect of science curriculum structures on data literacy education, and changes of students’ perceptions and aptitudes, and discuss how the lessons learned will help shape our escience Librarianship curriculum development, which is being funded by IMLS.},\\n\\tauthor = {Qin, Jian and D'Ignazio, John},\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tkeywords = {Aptitude, Data Literacy, Data Management, Information Literacy, Information literacy, Librarian, Lu Thibault, data literacy, soluble NSF attachment protein},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Qin, J.\",\"D'Ignazio, J.\"],\"key\":\"qin_lessons_2010\",\"id\":\"qin_lessons_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"qin-dignazio-lessonslearnedfromatwoyearexperienceinsciencedataliteracyeducation-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Aptitude\",\"Data Literacy\",\"Data Management\",\"Information Literacy\",\"Information literacy\",\"Librarian\",\"Lu Thibault\",\"data literacy\",\"soluble NSF attachment protein\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London\",\"title\":\"The filter bubble: what the Internet is hiding from you\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-241-95452-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"The filter bubble\",\"abstract\":\"The hidden rise of personalization on the Internet is controlling–and limiting–the information we consume. In 2009, Google began customizing its search results. Instead of giving you the most broadly popular result, Google now tries to predict what you are most likely to click on. According to MoveOn.org board president Eli Pariser, this change is symptomatic of the most significant shift to take place on the Web in recent years–the rise of personalization. Though the phenomenon has gone largely undetected until now, personalized filters are sweeping the Web, creating individual universes of information for each of us. Data companies track your personal information to sell to advertisers, from your political leanings to the hiking boots you just browsed on Zappos. In a personalized world, we will increasingly be typed and fed only news that is pleasant, familiar, and confirms our beliefs–and because these filters are invisible, we won't know what is being hidden from us. Our past interests will determine what we are exposed to in the future, leaving less room for the unexpected encounters that spark creativity, innovation, and the democratic exchange of ideas.–From publisher description\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"publisher\":\"Penguin Books\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pariser\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eli\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2012\",\"note\":\"OCLC: 812258167\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{pariser_filter_2012,\\n\\taddress = {London},\\n\\ttitle = {The filter bubble: what the {Internet} is hiding from you},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-241-95452-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The filter bubble},\\n\\tabstract = {The hidden rise of personalization on the Internet is controlling--and limiting--the information we consume. In 2009, Google began customizing its search results. Instead of giving you the most broadly popular result, Google now tries to predict what you are most likely to click on. According to MoveOn.org board president Eli Pariser, this change is symptomatic of the most significant shift to take place on the Web in recent years--the rise of personalization. Though the phenomenon has gone largely undetected until now, personalized filters are sweeping the Web, creating individual universes of information for each of us. Data companies track your personal information to sell to advertisers, from your political leanings to the hiking boots you just browsed on Zappos. In a personalized world, we will increasingly be typed and fed only news that is pleasant, familiar, and confirms our beliefs--and because these filters are invisible, we won't know what is being hidden from us. Our past interests will determine what we are exposed to in the future, leaving less room for the unexpected encounters that spark creativity, innovation, and the democratic exchange of ideas.--From publisher description},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tpublisher = {Penguin Books},\\n\\tauthor = {Pariser, Eli},\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tnote = {OCLC: 812258167},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pariser, E.\"],\"key\":\"pariser_filter_2012\",\"id\":\"pariser_filter_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pariser-thefilterbubblewhattheinternetishidingfromyou-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York\",\"title\":\"The children's machine: rethinking school in the age of the computer\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-465-01063-9 978-0-465-01830-7\",\"shorttitle\":\"The children's machine\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"publisher\":\"BasicBooks\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Papert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Seymour\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1993\",\"note\":\"OCLC: 27264650\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{papert_childrens_1993,\\n\\taddress = {New York},\\n\\ttitle = {The children's machine: rethinking school in the age of the computer},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-465-01063-9 978-0-465-01830-7},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The children's machine},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tpublisher = {BasicBooks},\\n\\tauthor = {Papert, Seymour},\\n\\tyear = {1993},\\n\\tnote = {OCLC: 27264650},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Papert, S.\"],\"key\":\"papert_childrens_1993\",\"id\":\"papert_childrens_1993\",\"bibbaseid\":\"papert-thechildrensmachinerethinkingschoolintheageofthecomputer-1993\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reconceptualising critical digital literacy\",\"volume\":\"37\",\"issn\":\"0159-6306, 1469-3739\",\"url\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/01596306.2014.942836\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2020-01-05\",\"journal\":\"Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pangrazio\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Luciana\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"keywords\":\"Critical Digital Literacy, Lu Thibault\",\"pages\":\"163–174\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{pangrazio_reconceptualising_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Reconceptualising critical digital literacy},\\n\\tvolume = {37},\\n\\tissn = {0159-6306, 1469-3739},\\n\\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/01596306.2014.942836},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2020-01-05},\\n\\tjournal = {Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education},\\n\\tauthor = {Pangrazio, Luciana},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tkeywords = {Critical Digital Literacy, Lu Thibault},\\n\\tpages = {163--174},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pangrazio, L.\"],\"key\":\"pangrazio_reconceptualising_2016\",\"id\":\"pangrazio_reconceptualising_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pangrazio-reconceptualisingcriticaldigitalliteracy-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836\"},\"keyword\":[\"Critical Digital Literacy\",\"Lu Thibault\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Penser la culture informationnelle : des difficultés de l'exercice\",\"volume\":\"5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Penser la culture informationnelle\",\"url\":\"https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00631504\",\"language\":\"fr\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2020-01-31\",\"journal\":\"Les Cahiers du numérique\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Serres\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alexandre\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2009\",\"pages\":\"9–23\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{serres_penser_2009,\\n\\ttitle = {Penser la culture informationnelle : des difficultés de l'exercice},\\n\\tvolume = {5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Penser la culture informationnelle},\\n\\turl = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00631504},\\n\\tlanguage = {fr},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2020-01-31},\\n\\tjournal = {Les Cahiers du numérique},\\n\\tauthor = {Serres, Alexandre},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n\\tpages = {9--23},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Serres, A.\"],\"key\":\"serres_penser_2009\",\"id\":\"serres_penser_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"serres-penserlacultureinformationnelledesdifficultsdelexercice-2009\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00631504\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Internet as Infrastructure\",\"url\":\"https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199589074-e-5\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0005\",\"abstract\":\"This chapter discusses how useful it can be to view the Internet as an infrastructure, demonstrating how technical changes of the infrastructure can have unanticipated and unintended societal consequences. The Libyan decision induced substantial dismay in the Internet industry. The case of Violet Blue entails technical decisions about the design of interactive software, usability, culture, religion, history, politics, and economics. Moreover, the infrastructure studies of the Internet are outlined as the relationists and the new materialists. The Internet turns out as an infrastructural primitive or template for its parents: a model privately organized system of distributed computation – the ur-infrastructure. Communication in its original meaning was transportation, a box of goods was said to be ‘communicated’ when it was delivered. It is observed that the Internet demands attention as a foundation for modern life.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2019-09-19\",\"journal\":\"The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sandvig\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{sandvig_internet_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Internet} as {Infrastructure}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199589074-e-5},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0005},\\n\\tabstract = {This chapter discusses how useful it can be to view the Internet as an infrastructure, demonstrating how technical changes of the infrastructure can have unanticipated and unintended societal consequences. The Libyan decision induced substantial dismay in the Internet industry. The case of Violet Blue entails technical decisions about the design of interactive software, usability, culture, religion, history, politics, and economics. Moreover, the infrastructure studies of the Internet are outlined as the relationists and the new materialists. The Internet turns out as an infrastructural primitive or template for its parents: a model privately organized system of distributed computation – the ur-infrastructure. Communication in its original meaning was transportation, a box of goods was said to be ‘communicated’ when it was delivered. It is observed that the Internet demands attention as a foundation for modern life.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2019-09-19},\\n\\tjournal = {The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Sandvig, Christian},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Sandvig, C.\"],\"key\":\"sandvig_internet_2013\",\"id\":\"sandvig_internet_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"sandvig-theinternetasinfrastructure-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199589074-e-5\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Incorporating Data Literacy into Information Literacy Programs: Core competencies and Contents\",\"volume\":\"63\",\"doi\":\"10.1515/libri-2013-0010\",\"abstract\":\"The growing importance of data in society in general and scientific domains in particular, mirrored in the Open Data initiative and in the advent of eScience, requires public, school and academic libraries to contribute to both data and information literacy, as part of their mission to further knowledge and innovation in their respective fields of action. No specific library standards have been proposed to date, however, and most research studies conducted adopt a partial view of data literacy, stressing only the components needed in any given context. The present paper aims to contribute to the advancement of data literacy with the proposal of a set of core competencies and contents that can serve as a framework of reference for its inclusion in libraries’ information literacy programs. The various definitions of data literacy are discussed, the coverage of the competencies listed in information literacy standards is described, and the competencies considered in the experiments conducted to date in education and libraries are identified. The conclusion drawn is that the model proposed can favour the development of data literacy support resources and services. Topics for further research are also specified.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"Libri\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Prado\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Javier\",\"Calzada\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marzal\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Miguel\",\"Ángel\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2013\",\"keywords\":\"Data and Information Literacy, Data literacy competencies, Lu Thibault, Quantitative Literacy, Statistical Literacy\",\"pages\":\"123–134\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{prado_incorporating_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Incorporating {Data} {Literacy} into {Information} {Literacy} {Programs}: {Core} competencies and {Contents}},\\n\\tvolume = {63},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1515/libri-2013-0010},\\n\\tabstract = {The growing importance of data in society in general and scientific domains in particular, mirrored in\\nthe Open Data initiative and in the advent of eScience, requires public, school and academic libraries to contribute to both data and information literacy, as part of their\\nmission to further knowledge and innovation in their respective\\nfields of action. No specific library standards have been proposed to date, however, and most research studies\\nconducted adopt a partial view of data literacy, stressing only the components needed in any given context. The\\npresent paper aims to contribute to the advancement of data literacy with the proposal of a set of core competencies\\nand contents that can serve as a framework of reference\\nfor its inclusion in libraries’ information literacy programs. The various definitions of data literacy are discussed, the coverage of the competencies listed in information\\nliteracy standards is described, and the competencies considered in the experiments conducted to date\\nin education and libraries are identified. The conclusion drawn is that the model proposed can favour the development of data literacy support resources and services. Topics\\nfor further research are also specified.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {Libri},\\n\\tauthor = {Prado, Javier Calzada and Marzal, Miguel Ángel},\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tkeywords = {Data and Information Literacy, Data literacy competencies, Lu Thibault, Quantitative Literacy, Statistical Literacy},\\n\\tpages = {123--134},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Prado, J. C.\",\"Marzal, M. Á.\"],\"key\":\"prado_incorporating_2013\",\"id\":\"prado_incorporating_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"prado-marzal-incorporatingdataliteracyintoinformationliteracyprogramscorecompetenciesandcontents-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Data and Information Literacy\",\"Data literacy competencies\",\"Lu Thibault\",\"Quantitative Literacy\",\"Statistical Literacy\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of Google and Facebook\",\"volume\":\"20\",\"issn\":\"1461-4448\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/1461444816661553\",\"abstract\":\"Two theoretical approaches have recently emerged to characterize new digital objects of study in the media landscape: infrastructure studies and platform studies. Despite their separate origins and different features, we demonstrate in this article how the cross-articulation of these two perspectives improves our understanding of current digital media. We use case studies of the Open Web, Facebook, and Google to demonstrate that infrastructure studies provides a valuable approach to the evolution of shared, widely accessible systems and services of the type often provided or regulated by governments in the public interest. On the other hand, platform studies captures how communication and expression are both enabled and constrained by new digital systems and new media. In these environments, platform-based services acquire characteristics of infrastructure, while both new and existing infrastructures are built or reorganized on the logic of platforms. We conclude by underlining the potential of this combined framework for future case studies.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2019-09-09\",\"journal\":\"New Media & Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Plantin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jean-Christophe\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lagoze\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carl\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Edwards\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paul\",\"N\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sandvig\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"pages\":\"293–310\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{plantin_infrastructure_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of {Google} and {Facebook}},\\n\\tvolume = {20},\\n\\tissn = {1461-4448},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/1461444816661553},\\n\\tabstract = {Two theoretical approaches have recently emerged to characterize new digital objects of study in the media landscape: infrastructure studies and platform studies. Despite their separate origins and different features, we demonstrate in this article how the cross-articulation of these two perspectives improves our understanding of current digital media. We use case studies of the Open Web, Facebook, and Google to demonstrate that infrastructure studies provides a valuable approach to the evolution of shared, widely accessible systems and services of the type often provided or regulated by governments in the public interest. On the other hand, platform studies captures how communication and expression are both enabled and constrained by new digital systems and new media. In these environments, platform-based services acquire characteristics of infrastructure, while both new and existing infrastructures are built or reorganized on the logic of platforms. We conclude by underlining the potential of this combined framework for future case studies.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2019-09-09},\\n\\tjournal = {New Media \\\\& Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Plantin, Jean-Christophe and Lagoze, Carl and Edwards, Paul N and Sandvig, Christian},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tpages = {293--310},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Plantin, J.\",\"Lagoze, C.\",\"Edwards, P. N\",\"Sandvig, C.\"],\"key\":\"plantin_infrastructure_2018\",\"id\":\"plantin_infrastructure_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"plantin-lagoze-edwards-sandvig-infrastructurestudiesmeetplatformstudiesintheageofgoogleandfacebook-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.] MIT\",\"edition\":\"1. MIT Press paperback ed\",\"title\":\"The invisible computer: why good products can fail, the personal computer is so complex, and information appliances are the solution\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-262-64041-1 978-0-262-14065-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"The invisible computer\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Norman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1998\",\"note\":\"OCLC: 246991881\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{norman_invisible_1998,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.] MIT},\\n\\tedition = {1. MIT Press paperback ed},\\n\\ttitle = {The invisible computer: why good products can fail, the personal computer is so complex, and information appliances are the solution},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-262-64041-1 978-0-262-14065-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The invisible computer},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tauthor = {Norman, Donald A.},\\n\\tyear = {1998},\\n\\tnote = {OCLC: 246991881},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Norman, D. A.\"],\"key\":\"norman_invisible_1998\",\"id\":\"norman_invisible_1998\",\"bibbaseid\":\"norman-theinvisiblecomputerwhygoodproductscanfailthepersonalcomputerissocomplexandinformationappliancesarethesolution-1998\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Procedural literacy: educating the new media practitioner\",\"volume\":\"13\",\"issn\":\"1074-8121\",\"shorttitle\":\"Procedural literacy\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120510608133\",\"doi\":\"10.1108/10748120510608133\",\"abstract\":\"Purpose – Seeks to argue that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media. Design/methodology/approach – This paper looks at one of the earliest historical calls for universal procedural literacy, explores how games can serve as an ideal object around which to organize a procedural literacy curriculum, and describes a graduate course developed at Georgia Tech, Computation as an Expressive Medium, designed to be a first course in procedural literacy for new media practitioners. Findings – To achieve a broader and more profound procedural literacy will require developing an extended curriculum that starts in elementary school and continues through college. Encountering procedurality for the first time in a graduate level course is like a first language course in which students are asked to learn the grammar and vocabulary, read and comment on literature, and write short stories, all in one semester; one's own students would certainly agree that this is a challenging proposition. Originality/value – New media scholars and practitioners, including game designers and game studies scholars, may assume that the “mere” technical details of code can be safely bracketed out of the consideration of the artifact. Contrary to this view, it is argued that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2019-12-28\",\"journal\":\"On the Horizon\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mateas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Davidson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Drew\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2005\",\"keywords\":\"Arts, Data and Algorithmic literacy, Education, Lu Thibault, Programming, Video games\",\"pages\":\"101–111\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{mateas_procedural_2005,\\n\\ttitle = {Procedural literacy: educating the new media practitioner},\\n\\tvolume = {13},\\n\\tissn = {1074-8121},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Procedural literacy},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120510608133},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1108/10748120510608133},\\n\\tabstract = {Purpose – Seeks to argue that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media. Design/methodology/approach – This paper looks at one of the earliest historical calls for universal procedural literacy, explores how games can serve as an ideal object around which to organize a procedural literacy curriculum, and describes a graduate course developed at Georgia Tech, Computation as an Expressive Medium, designed to be a first course in procedural literacy for new media practitioners. Findings – To achieve a broader and more profound procedural literacy will require developing an extended curriculum that starts in elementary school and continues through college. Encountering procedurality for the first time in a graduate level course is like a first language course in which students are asked to learn the grammar and vocabulary, read and comment on literature, and write short stories, all in one semester; one's own students would certainly agree that this is a challenging proposition. Originality/value – New media scholars and practitioners, including game designers and game studies scholars, may assume that the “mere” technical details of code can be safely bracketed out of the consideration of the artifact. Contrary to this view, it is argued that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2019-12-28},\\n\\tjournal = {On the Horizon},\\n\\tauthor = {Mateas, Michael},\\n\\teditor = {Davidson, Drew},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2005},\\n\\tkeywords = {Arts, Data and Algorithmic literacy, Education, Lu Thibault, Programming, Video games},\\n\\tpages = {101--111},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Mateas, M.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Davidson, D.\"],\"key\":\"mateas_procedural_2005\",\"id\":\"mateas_procedural_2005\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mateas-proceduralliteracyeducatingthenewmediapractitioner-2005\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120510608133\"},\"keyword\":[\"Arts\",\"Data and Algorithmic literacy\",\"Education\",\"Lu Thibault\",\"Programming\",\"Video games\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"A Systemic View of Implementing Data Literacy in Educator Preparation\",\"volume\":\"42\",\"issn\":\"0013-189X\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803\",\"doi\":\"10.3102/0013189X12459803\",\"abstract\":\"Data-driven decision making has become increasingly important in education. Policymakers require educators to use data to inform practice. Although the policy emphasis is growing, what has not increased is attention to building human capacity around data use. Educators need to gain data literacy skills to inform practice. Although some professional development opportunities exist for current educators, fewer formal courses and opportunities for data literacy development in schools of education have been developed and implemented. This article explores issues around the growing need for data-driven decision making in programs in schools of education. The issues are complex and the actors needed to bring about change are multiple. A systems perspective to explore course and programmatic implementation is presented.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2019-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Educational Researcher\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mandinach\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ellen\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gummer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Edith\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"keywords\":\"Lu Thibault\",\"pages\":\"30–37\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{mandinach_systemic_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {A {Systemic} {View} of {Implementing} {Data} {Literacy} in {Educator} {Preparation}},\\n\\tvolume = {42},\\n\\tissn = {0013-189X},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803},\\n\\tdoi = {10.3102/0013189X12459803},\\n\\tabstract = {Data-driven decision making has become increasingly important in education. Policymakers require educators to use data to inform practice. Although the policy emphasis is growing, what has not increased is attention to building human capacity around data use. Educators need to gain data literacy skills to inform practice. Although some professional development opportunities exist for current educators, fewer formal courses and opportunities for data literacy development in schools of education have been developed and implemented. This article explores issues around the growing need for data-driven decision making in programs in schools of education. The issues are complex and the actors needed to bring about change are multiple. A systems perspective to explore course and programmatic implementation is presented.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2019-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Educational Researcher},\\n\\tauthor = {Mandinach, Ellen B. and Gummer, Edith S.},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tkeywords = {Lu Thibault},\\n\\tpages = {30--37},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Mandinach, E. B.\",\"Gummer, E. S.\"],\"key\":\"mandinach_systemic_2013\",\"id\":\"mandinach_systemic_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mandinach-gummer-asystemicviewofimplementingdataliteracyineducatorpreparation-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803\"},\"keyword\":[\"Lu Thibault\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Beyond the Bubble: Three empirical reasons for re-conceptualizing online visibility\",\"volume\":\"31\",\"copyright\":\"Copyright (c) 2016 MedieKultur. Journal of media and communication research\",\"issn\":\"1901-9726\",\"shorttitle\":\"Beyond the Bubble\",\"url\":\"https://tidsskrift.dk/mediekultur/article/view/19235\",\"doi\":\"10.7146/mediekultur.v31i59.19235\",\"abstract\":\"Google is a powerful player in deciding how the world is represented to information-seeking citizens in a digitized knowledge-society. Eli Pariser has been influential in arguing that the company’s algorithm leave its users trapped in a biased ‘filter bubble’ where information about the world is tailored to their preferences by algorithms. This paper proposes a move away from the metaphor of the ‘bubble’ when trying to understand how ‘real world representations’ are shaped by dynamics of online visibility. Instead of a mono-causal focus on the algorithm, it suggests focusing on the distributed set of selection mechanisms that enable web-users to navigate a world of ‘big data’. The paper suggests a conceptual move from ‘bubbles’ to ‘visions’ when understanding online visibility. It motivates this suggestion through three empirical analyses of the selection mechanisms involved in making the issue of synthetic biology visible to British Google’s users from February 2011 – February 2012. The paper uses the findings of these analyses as a basis from which to suggest theoretical, empirical and practical implications for future studies on the impact of the digital on ‘real world representation’.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"59\",\"urldate\":\"2020-06-17\",\"journal\":\"MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Madsen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anders\",\"Koed\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Number: 59\",\"keywords\":\"Filter bubble, Google, socio-technical systems, synthetic biology, web-vision\",\"pages\":\"22 p.–22 p.\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{madsen_beyond_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Beyond the {Bubble}: {Three} empirical reasons for re-conceptualizing online visibility},\\n\\tvolume = {31},\\n\\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2016 MedieKultur. Journal of media and communication research},\\n\\tissn = {1901-9726},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Beyond the {Bubble}},\\n\\turl = {https://tidsskrift.dk/mediekultur/article/view/19235},\\n\\tdoi = {10.7146/mediekultur.v31i59.19235},\\n\\tabstract = {Google is a powerful player in deciding how the world is represented to information-seeking citizens in a digitized knowledge-society. Eli Pariser has been influential in arguing that the company’s algorithm leave its users trapped in a biased ‘filter bubble’ where information about the world is tailored to their preferences by algorithms. This paper proposes a move away from the metaphor of the ‘bubble’ when trying to understand how ‘real world representations’ are shaped by dynamics of online visibility. Instead of a mono-causal focus on the algorithm, it suggests focusing on the distributed set of selection mechanisms that enable web-users to navigate a world of ‘big data’. The paper suggests a conceptual move from ‘bubbles’ to ‘visions’ when understanding online visibility. It motivates this suggestion through three empirical analyses of the selection mechanisms involved in making the issue of synthetic biology visible to British Google’s users from February 2011 – February 2012. The paper uses the findings of these analyses as a basis from which to suggest theoretical, empirical and practical implications for future studies on the impact of the digital on ‘real world representation’.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {59},\\n\\turldate = {2020-06-17},\\n\\tjournal = {MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research},\\n\\tauthor = {Madsen, Anders Koed},\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Number: 59},\\n\\tkeywords = {Filter bubble, Google, socio-technical systems, synthetic biology, web-vision},\\n\\tpages = {22 p.--22 p.},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Madsen, A. K.\"],\"key\":\"madsen_beyond_2016\",\"id\":\"madsen_beyond_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"madsen-beyondthebubblethreeempiricalreasonsforreconceptualizingonlinevisibility-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://tidsskrift.dk/mediekultur/article/view/19235\"},\"keyword\":[\"Filter bubble\",\"Google\",\"socio-technical systems\",\"synthetic biology\",\"web-vision\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Data literacy for researchers and data librarians\",\"volume\":\"49\",\"issn\":\"0961-0006\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0961000615616450\",\"abstract\":\"This paper describes data literacy and emphasizes its importance. Data literacy is vital for researchers who need to become data literate science workers and also for (potential) data management professionals. Its important characteristic is a close connection and similarity to information literacy. To support this argument, a review of literature was undertaken on the importance of data, and the data-intensive paradigm of scientific research, researchers’ expected and real behaviour, the nature of research data management, the possible roles of the academic library, data quality and data citation, Besides describing the nature of data literacy and enumerating the related skills, the application of phenomenographic approaches to data literacy and its relationship to the digital humanities have been identified as subjects for further investigation.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2019-12-28\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Koltay\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tibor\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"keywords\":\"Big data, Data citation, Information Literacy, Lu Thibault, data curation, data librarian, data literacy, data quality, data sharing, research data management\",\"pages\":\"3–14\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{koltay_data_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Data literacy for researchers and data librarians},\\n\\tvolume = {49},\\n\\tissn = {0961-0006},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0961000615616450},\\n\\tabstract = {This paper describes data literacy and emphasizes its importance. Data literacy is vital for researchers who need to become data literate science workers and also for (potential) data management professionals. Its important characteristic is a close connection and similarity to information literacy. To support this argument, a review of literature was undertaken on the importance of data, and the data-intensive paradigm of scientific research, researchers’ expected and real behaviour, the nature of research data management, the possible roles of the academic library, data quality and data citation, Besides describing the nature of data literacy and enumerating the related skills, the application of phenomenographic approaches to data literacy and its relationship to the digital humanities have been identified as subjects for further investigation.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2019-12-28},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Librarianship and Information Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Koltay, Tibor},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tkeywords = {Big data, Data citation, Information Literacy, Lu Thibault, data curation, data librarian, data literacy, data quality, data sharing, research data management},\\n\\tpages = {3--14},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Koltay, T.\"],\"key\":\"koltay_data_2017\",\"id\":\"koltay_data_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"koltay-dataliteracyforresearchersanddatalibrarians-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450\"},\"keyword\":[\"Big data\",\"Data citation\",\"Information Literacy\",\"Lu Thibault\",\"data curation\",\"data librarian\",\"data literacy\",\"data quality\",\"data sharing\",\"research data management\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"‘Personal data literacies’: A critical literacies approach to enhancing understandings of personal digital data:\",\"shorttitle\":\"‘Personal data literacies’\",\"url\":\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444818799523\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/1461444818799523\",\"abstract\":\"The capacity to understand and control one’s personal data is now a crucial part of living in contemporary society. In this sense, traditional concerns over sup...\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2020-06-01\",\"journal\":\"New Media & Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pangrazio\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Luci\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Selwyn\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Neil\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2018\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{pangrazio_personal_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {‘{Personal} data literacies’: {A} critical literacies approach to enhancing understandings of personal digital data:},\\n\\tshorttitle = {‘{Personal} data literacies’},\\n\\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444818799523},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/1461444818799523},\\n\\tabstract = {The capacity to understand and control one’s personal data is now a crucial part of living in contemporary society. In this sense, traditional concerns over sup...},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2020-06-01},\\n\\tjournal = {New Media \\\\& Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Pangrazio, Luci and Selwyn, Neil},\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pangrazio, L.\",\"Selwyn, N.\"],\"key\":\"pangrazio_personal_2018\",\"id\":\"pangrazio_personal_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pangrazio-selwyn-personaldataliteraciesacriticalliteraciesapproachtoenhancingunderstandingsofpersonaldigitaldata-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444818799523\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Echo Chambers and Online Radicalism: Assessing the Internet's Complicity in Violent Extremism\",\"volume\":\"7\",\"copyright\":\"© 2015 Policy Studies Organization\",\"issn\":\"1944-2866\",\"shorttitle\":\"Echo Chambers and Online Radicalism\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/poi3.88\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/poi3.88\",\"abstract\":\"This article considers claims made by various authors that the use of filtering and recommendation technology on the Internet can deprive certain communities of feedback, and instead amplify groups' viewpoints, leading to polarization of opinion across communities, and increases in extremism. The ‘echo chamber’ arguments of Cass Sunstein are taken as representative of this point of view, and examined in detail in the context of a range of research, theoretical and empirical, quantitative and qualitative, in political science and the sociology of religion, from the last quarter century. The conclusion is that the case has not been made either (a) that echo chambers are necessarily harmful, or (b) that the Internet is complicit in their formation.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2019-11-24\",\"journal\":\"Policy & Internet\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"O'Hara\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kieron\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stevens\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2015\",\"keywords\":\"Internet, echo chambers, extremism, networks, public forums, radicalism\",\"pages\":\"401–422\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{ohara_echo_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Echo {Chambers} and {Online} {Radicalism}: {Assessing} the {Internet}'s {Complicity} in {Violent} {Extremism}},\\n\\tvolume = {7},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2015 Policy Studies Organization},\\n\\tissn = {1944-2866},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Echo {Chambers} and {Online} {Radicalism}},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/poi3.88},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1002/poi3.88},\\n\\tabstract = {This article considers claims made by various authors that the use of filtering and recommendation technology on the Internet can deprive certain communities of feedback, and instead amplify groups' viewpoints, leading to polarization of opinion across communities, and increases in extremism. The ‘echo chamber’ arguments of Cass Sunstein are taken as representative of this point of view, and examined in detail in the context of a range of research, theoretical and empirical, quantitative and qualitative, in political science and the sociology of religion, from the last quarter century. The conclusion is that the case has not been made either (a) that echo chambers are necessarily harmful, or (b) that the Internet is complicit in their formation.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2019-11-24},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy \\\\& Internet},\\n\\tauthor = {O'Hara, Kieron and Stevens, David},\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tkeywords = {Internet, echo chambers, extremism, networks, public forums, radicalism},\\n\\tpages = {401--422},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"O'Hara, K.\",\"Stevens, D.\"],\"key\":\"ohara_echo_2015\",\"id\":\"ohara_echo_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"ohara-stevens-echochambersandonlineradicalismassessingtheinternetscomplicityinviolentextremism-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/poi3.88\"},\"keyword\":[\"Internet\",\"echo chambers\",\"extremism\",\"networks\",\"public forums\",\"radicalism\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"techreport\",\"type\":\"techreport\",\"title\":\"Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020\",\"language\":\"en\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Newman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nic\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fletcher\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schulz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anne\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Simge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andi\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nielsen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rasmus\",\"Kleis\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2020\",\"pages\":\"112\",\"bibtex\":\"@techreport{newman_reuters_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Reuters {Institute} {Digital} {News} {Report} 2020},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tauthor = {Newman, Nic and Fletcher, Richard and Schulz, Anne and Simge, Andi and Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis},\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tpages = {112},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Newman, N.\",\"Fletcher, R.\",\"Schulz, A.\",\"Simge, A.\",\"Nielsen, R. K.\"],\"key\":\"newman_reuters_2020\",\"id\":\"newman_reuters_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"newman-fletcher-schulz-simge-nielsen-reutersinstitutedigitalnewsreport2020-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Beyond the filter bubble: Concepts, myths, evidence and issues for future debates\",\"shorttitle\":\"Beyond the filter bubble\",\"url\":\"https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=478edb9e-8296-4a84-9631-c7360d593610\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2019-06-12\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Moeller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Helberger\"],\"firstnames\":[\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{moeller_beyond_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Beyond the filter bubble: {Concepts}, myths, evidence and issues for future debates},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Beyond the filter bubble},\\n\\turl = {https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=478edb9e-8296-4a84-9631-c7360d593610},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2019-06-12},\\n\\tauthor = {Moeller, J. and Helberger, N.},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Moeller, J.\",\"Helberger, N.\"],\"key\":\"moeller_beyond_2018\",\"id\":\"moeller_beyond_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"moeller-helberger-beyondthefilterbubbleconceptsmythsevidenceandissuesforfuturedebates-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=478edb9e-8296-4a84-9631-c7360d593610\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"Monograph\",\"title\":\"The changing nature and uses of media literacy\",\"url\":\"http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse\",\"abstract\":\"The more that information and communication technologies become central to modern society, the more it is imperative to identify, and to manage the development of the skills and abilities required to use them. Within both academic and policy discourses, the concept of media literacy is being extended from its traditional focus on print and audiovisual media to encompass the internet and other new media. Hence, even though the concept of literacy has itself long proved contentious, there is widespread speculation regarding supposedly new forms of literacy – variously termed computer literacy, internet literacy, cyber-literacy, and so forth. The present article addresses three central questions currently facing the public, policy-makers and academy: What is media literacy? How is it changing? And what are the uses of literacy? The article begins with a definition: media literacy is the ability to access, analyse, evaluate and create messages across a variety of contexts. This four-component model is then examined for its applicability to the internet, as follows: • Access rests on a dynamic and social process, not a one-off act of provision. Once initial access is established, developing literacy leads users to alter significantly and continually the conditions of access (updating, upgrading and extending hardware and software applications). Problematically, given sociodemographic inequalities in material, social and symbolic resources, inequalities in access to online knowledge, communication and participation will continue. • People’s engagement with both print and audiovisual media has been shown to rely on a range of analytic competencies. In the audiovisual domain these include an understanding of the agency, categories, technologies, languages, representations and audiences for media. At present, not only is a parallel account of internet-related analytic skills highly underdeveloped but the public has yet to develop such skills and so to make the most of online opportunities. • There is little point in access or analysis without judgement, but a stress on evaluation raises, rightly, some difficult policy questions when specifying and legitimating appropriate bases of critical literacy – aesthetic, political, ideological and/or economic. The scope and purpose of evaluation is also disputed: is media literacy intended to promote a democratised, diverse, antielitist approach to online representations or should it underpin a more traditional, hierarchical discrimination of good from bad, authoritative from unauthorised, information and communication? • Although not all definitions of media literacy include the requirement to create, to produce symbolic texts, it is argued first, that people attain a deeper understanding of the conventions and merits of professionally produced material if they have direct experience of content production and second, that the internet par excellence is a medium which offers hitherto unimagined 1 The author wishes to thank John Carr, Peter Lunt, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. 2 opportunities for ordinary people to create online content. To exclude this from a definition of media literacy would be to greatly under-utilise the potential of the internet for the public. Having advocated this skills-based approach to media literacy in relation to the internet, the article identifies some outstanding issues for new media literacy, crucial to any policy of promoting media literacy among the population. • First, while insights from print and audiovisual media provide a valuable starting point, the literacy required for the use of new media, especially the internet, is also new in ways yet to be established. This is because media literacy is not reducible to a feature or skill of the user, but is better understood as a co-production of the interactive engagement between technology and user. Consequently, literacy is dependent on interface design and it changes as technology changes. • Second, the article examines the institutional interests at stake in promoting media literacy. Is media literacy intended to promote ideals of selfactualisation, cultural expression and aesthetic creativity or are these subordinate to the use of literacy to achieve a competitive advantage vital to a globalised information society? Or, is media literacy, like print literacy before it, conceived as the key means, even a right, by which citizens participate in society and by which the state regulates the manner and purposes of citizens’ participation? In conclusion, it is argued that literacy concerns the historically and culturally conditioned relationship among three processes: (i) the symbolic and material representation of knowledge, culture and values; (ii) the diffusion of interpretative skills and abilities across a (stratified) population; and (iii) the institutional, especially, the state management of the power that access to and skilled use of knowledge brings to those who are ‘literate’. This relationship among textuality, competence and power is grounded in a centuries-old struggle between enlightenment and critical scholarship, setting those who see literacy as democratising, empowering of ordinary people against those who see it as elitist, divisive, a source of inequality. Debates over literacy are, in short, debates about the manner and purposes of public participation in society. Without a democratic and critical approach to media literacy, the public will be positioned merely as selective receivers, consumers of online information and communication. The promise of media literacy, surely, is that it can form part of a strategy to reposition the media user - from passive to active, from recipient to participant, from consumer to citizen.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2020-01-31\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Livingstone\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sonia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2003\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{livingstone_changing_2003,\\n\\ttype = {Monograph},\\n\\ttitle = {The changing nature and uses of media literacy},\\n\\turl = {http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse},\\n\\tabstract = {The more that information and communication technologies become central to modern society, the more it is imperative to identify, and to manage the development of the skills and abilities required to use them. Within both academic and policy discourses, the concept of media literacy is being extended from its traditional focus on print and audiovisual media to encompass the internet and other new media. Hence, even though the concept of literacy has itself long proved contentious, there is widespread speculation regarding supposedly new forms of literacy – variously termed computer literacy, internet literacy, cyber-literacy, and so forth. The present article addresses three central questions currently facing the public, policy-makers and academy: What is media literacy? How is it changing? And what are the uses of literacy? The article begins with a definition: media literacy is the ability to access, analyse, evaluate and create messages across a variety of contexts. This four-component model is then examined for its applicability to the internet, as follows: • Access rests on a dynamic and social process, not a one-off act of provision. Once initial access is established, developing literacy leads users to alter significantly and continually the conditions of access (updating, upgrading and extending hardware and software applications). Problematically, given sociodemographic inequalities in material, social and symbolic resources, inequalities in access to online knowledge, communication and participation will continue. • People’s engagement with both print and audiovisual media has been shown to rely on a range of analytic competencies. In the audiovisual domain these include an understanding of the agency, categories, technologies, languages, representations and audiences for media. At present, not only is a parallel account of internet-related analytic skills highly underdeveloped but the public has yet to develop such skills and so to make the most of online opportunities. • There is little point in access or analysis without judgement, but a stress on evaluation raises, rightly, some difficult policy questions when specifying and legitimating appropriate bases of critical literacy – aesthetic, political, ideological and/or economic. The scope and purpose of evaluation is also disputed: is media literacy intended to promote a democratised, diverse, antielitist approach to online representations or should it underpin a more traditional, hierarchical discrimination of good from bad, authoritative from unauthorised, information and communication? • Although not all definitions of media literacy include the requirement to create, to produce symbolic texts, it is argued first, that people attain a deeper understanding of the conventions and merits of professionally produced material if they have direct experience of content production and second, that the internet par excellence is a medium which offers hitherto unimagined 1 The author wishes to thank John Carr, Peter Lunt, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. 2 opportunities for ordinary people to create online content. To exclude this from a definition of media literacy would be to greatly under-utilise the potential of the internet for the public. Having advocated this skills-based approach to media literacy in relation to the internet, the article identifies some outstanding issues for new media literacy, crucial to any policy of promoting media literacy among the population. • First, while insights from print and audiovisual media provide a valuable starting point, the literacy required for the use of new media, especially the internet, is also new in ways yet to be established. This is because media literacy is not reducible to a feature or skill of the user, but is better understood as a co-production of the interactive engagement between technology and user. Consequently, literacy is dependent on interface design and it changes as technology changes. • Second, the article examines the institutional interests at stake in promoting media literacy. Is media literacy intended to promote ideals of selfactualisation, cultural expression and aesthetic creativity or are these subordinate to the use of literacy to achieve a competitive advantage vital to a globalised information society? Or, is media literacy, like print literacy before it, conceived as the key means, even a right, by which citizens participate in society and by which the state regulates the manner and purposes of citizens’ participation? In conclusion, it is argued that literacy concerns the historically and culturally conditioned relationship among three processes: (i) the symbolic and material representation of knowledge, culture and values; (ii) the diffusion of interpretative skills and abilities across a (stratified) population; and (iii) the institutional, especially, the state management of the power that access to and skilled use of knowledge brings to those who are ‘literate’. This relationship among textuality, competence and power is grounded in a centuries-old struggle between enlightenment and critical scholarship, setting those who see literacy as democratising, empowering of ordinary people against those who see it as elitist, divisive, a source of inequality. Debates over literacy are, in short, debates about the manner and purposes of public participation in society. Without a democratic and critical approach to media literacy, the public will be positioned merely as selective receivers, consumers of online information and communication. The promise of media literacy, surely, is that it can form part of a strategy to reposition the media user - from passive to active, from recipient to participant, from consumer to citizen.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2020-01-31},\\n\\tauthor = {Livingstone, Sonia},\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Livingstone, S.\"],\"key\":\"livingstone_changing_2003\",\"id\":\"livingstone_changing_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"livingstone-thechangingnatureandusesofmedialiteracy-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"“It’s Like Learning a Whole Other Language”: The Role of Algorithmic Skills in the Curation of Creative Goods\",\"volume\":\"12\",\"abstract\":\"There is increasing concern and scholarship about how algorithms influence users’ online experiences. Yet, little of the work is empirical in nature, leaving many questions about whether users recognize how algorithms affect their online actions and whether they can address the influence of algorithms skillfully. To address this gap, we draw on interviews with creative entrepreneurs from across the United States to examine the extent to which they understand how algorithms may impact their sales success. Participants reveal varying levels of algorithmic skills, or know-how, when it comes to understanding how algorithms influence their content’s visibility. Although many recognize that algorithms affect who sees their wares online, only some know how to set things up so as to improve their chances of reaching potential customers.\",\"journal\":\"International Journal of Communication\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Klawitter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Erin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hargittai\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eszter\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2018\",\"keywords\":\"Algorithmic optimization, Algorithmic skills, Internet skills, Lu Thibault, Qualitative Study\",\"pages\":\"3490–3510\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{klawitter_its_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {“{It}’s {Like} {Learning} a {Whole} {Other} {Language}”: {The} {Role} of {Algorithmic} {Skills} in the {Curation} of {Creative} {Goods}},\\n\\tvolume = {12},\\n\\tabstract = {There is increasing concern and scholarship about how algorithms influence users’ online experiences. Yet, little of the work is empirical in nature, leaving many questions about\\nwhether users recognize how algorithms affect their online actions and whether they can address the influence of algorithms skillfully. To address this gap, we draw on interviews with creative entrepreneurs from across the United States to examine the extent to which they understand how algorithms may impact their sales success. Participants reveal\\nvarying levels of algorithmic skills, or know-how, when it comes to understanding how algorithms influence their content’s visibility. Although many recognize that algorithms affect who sees their wares online, only some know how to set things up so as to improve their chances of reaching potential customers.},\\n\\tjournal = {International Journal of Communication},\\n\\tauthor = {Klawitter, Erin and Hargittai, Eszter},\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tkeywords = {Algorithmic optimization, Algorithmic skills, Internet skills, Lu Thibault, Qualitative Study},\\n\\tpages = {3490--3510},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Klawitter, E.\",\"Hargittai, E.\"],\"key\":\"klawitter_its_2018\",\"id\":\"klawitter_its_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"klawitter-hargittai-itslikelearningawholeotherlanguagetheroleofalgorithmicskillsinthecurationofcreativegoods-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Algorithmic optimization\",\"Algorithmic skills\",\"Internet skills\",\"Lu Thibault\",\"Qualitative Study\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Seven Great Debates in the Media Literacy Movement\",\"volume\":\"48\",\"issn\":\"0021-9916\",\"url\":\"https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/48/1/16/4110072\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02734.x\",\"abstract\":\"Renée Hobbs; The Seven Great Debates in the Media Literacy Movement, Journal of Communication, Volume 48, Issue 1, 1 March 1998, Pages 16–32, https://doi.org/1\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2020-01-31\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Communication\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hobbs\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Renée\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"1998\",\"pages\":\"16–32\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hobbs_seven_1998,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Seven} {Great} {Debates} in the {Media} {Literacy} {Movement}},\\n\\tvolume = {48},\\n\\tissn = {0021-9916},\\n\\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/48/1/16/4110072},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02734.x},\\n\\tabstract = {Renée Hobbs;  The Seven Great Debates in the Media Literacy Movement, Journal of Communication, Volume 48, Issue 1, 1 March 1998, Pages 16–32, https://doi.org/1},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2020-01-31},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Communication},\\n\\tauthor = {Hobbs, Renée},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {1998},\\n\\tpages = {16--32},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hobbs, R.\"],\"key\":\"hobbs_seven_1998\",\"id\":\"hobbs_seven_1998\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hobbs-thesevengreatdebatesinthemedialiteracymovement-1998\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/48/1/16/4110072\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York\",\"title\":\"The Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays\",\"abstract\":\"The advent of machine technology has given rise to some of the deepest problems of modern thought. This newly packaged collection featuring Martin Heidegger's celebrated essay \\\"The Question Concerning Technology,\\\" is an essential landmark in the philosophy of science from one of the most influential and profound thinkers of the twentieth century.\",\"language\":\"Anglais\",\"publisher\":\"Harper\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Heidegger\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1977\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{heidegger_question_1977,\\n\\taddress = {New York},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Question} {Concerning} {Technology}, and {Other} {Essays}},\\n\\tabstract = {The advent of machine technology has given rise to some of the deepest problems of modern thought. This newly packaged collection featuring Martin Heidegger's celebrated essay \\\"The Question Concerning Technology,\\\" is an essential landmark in the philosophy of science from one of the most influential and profound thinkers of the twentieth century.},\\n\\tlanguage = {Anglais},\\n\\tpublisher = {Harper},\\n\\tauthor = {Heidegger, Martin},\\n\\tyear = {1977},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Heidegger, M.\"],\"key\":\"heidegger_question_1977\",\"id\":\"heidegger_question_1977\",\"bibbaseid\":\"heidegger-thequestionconcerningtechnologyandotheressays-1977\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"series\":\"CHI EA '14\",\"title\":\"A Path to Understanding the Effects of Algorithm Awareness\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4503-2474-8\",\"url\":\"http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2559206.2578883\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/2559206.2578883\",\"abstract\":\"The rise in prevalence of algorithmically curated feeds in online news and social media sites raises a new question for designers, critics, and scholars of media: how aware are users of the role of algorithms and filters in their news sources? This paper situates this problem within the history of design for interaction, with an emphasis on the contemporary challenges of studying, and designing for, the algorithmic \\\"curation\\\" of feeds. Such a problem presents particular challenges when, as is common, neither the user nor the researcher has access to the actual proprietary algorithms at work.\",\"urldate\":\"2019-09-10\",\"booktitle\":\"CHI '14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems\",\"publisher\":\"ACM\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hamilton\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kevin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karahalios\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karrie\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sandvig\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Eslami\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Motahhare\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"event-place: Toronto, Ontario, Canada\",\"keywords\":\"algorithms, design, infrastructure, perception, privacy, reverse engineering, social media, software studies, visualization\",\"pages\":\"631–642\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{hamilton_path_2014,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\n\\tseries = {{CHI} {EA} '14},\\n\\ttitle = {A {Path} to {Understanding} the {Effects} of {Algorithm} {Awareness}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4503-2474-8},\\n\\turl = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2559206.2578883},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1145/2559206.2578883},\\n\\tabstract = {The rise in prevalence of algorithmically curated feeds in online news and social media sites raises a new question for designers, critics, and scholars of media: how aware are users of the role of algorithms and filters in their news sources? This paper situates this problem within the history of design for interaction, with an emphasis on the contemporary challenges of studying, and designing for, the algorithmic \\\"curation\\\" of feeds. Such a problem presents particular challenges when, as is common, neither the user nor the researcher has access to the actual proprietary algorithms at work.},\\n\\turldate = {2019-09-10},\\n\\tbooktitle = {{CHI} '14 {Extended} {Abstracts} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},\\n\\tpublisher = {ACM},\\n\\tauthor = {Hamilton, Kevin and Karahalios, Karrie and Sandvig, Christian and Eslami, Motahhare},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {event-place: Toronto, Ontario, Canada},\\n\\tkeywords = {algorithms, design, infrastructure, perception, privacy, reverse engineering, social media, software studies, visualization},\\n\\tpages = {631--642},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hamilton, K.\",\"Karahalios, K.\",\"Sandvig, C.\",\"Eslami, M.\"],\"key\":\"hamilton_path_2014\",\"id\":\"hamilton_path_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hamilton-karahalios-sandvig-eslami-apathtounderstandingtheeffectsofalgorithmawareness-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2559206.2578883\"},\"keyword\":[\"algorithms\",\"design\",\"infrastructure\",\"perception\",\"privacy\",\"reverse engineering\",\"social media\",\"software studies\",\"visualization\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Data Literacy is Statistical Literacy\",\"volume\":\"16\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"Statistics Education Research Journal\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gould\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Robert\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2017\",\"keywords\":\"Algorithmic culture, Citizenship, Data Literacy definition, Lu Thibault, Statistical Literacy, participatory culture\",\"pages\":\"22–25\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{gould_data_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Data {Literacy} is {Statistical} {Literacy}},\\n\\tvolume = {16},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {Statistics Education Research Journal},\\n\\tauthor = {Gould, Robert},\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tkeywords = {Algorithmic culture, Citizenship, Data Literacy definition, Lu Thibault, Statistical Literacy, participatory culture},\\n\\tpages = {22--25},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Gould, R.\"],\"key\":\"gould_data_2017\",\"id\":\"gould_data_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"gould-dataliteracyisstatisticalliteracy-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Algorithmic culture\",\"Citizenship\",\"Data Literacy definition\",\"Lu Thibault\",\"Statistical Literacy\",\"participatory culture\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The politics of ‘platforms’\",\"volume\":\"12\",\"issn\":\"1461-4448\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/1461444809342738\",\"abstract\":\"Online content providers such as YouTube are carefully positioning themselves to users, clients, advertisers and policymakers, making strategic claims for what they do and do not do, and how their place in the information landscape should be understood. One term in particular, ‘platform’, reveals the contours of this discursive work. The term has been deployed in both their populist appeals and their marketing pitches, sometimes as technical ‘platforms’, sometimes as ‘platforms’ from which to speak, sometimes as ‘platforms’ of opportunity. Whatever tensions exist in serving all of these constituencies are carefully elided. The term also fits their efforts to shape information policy, where they seek protection for facilitating user expression, yet also seek limited liability for what those users say. As these providers become the curators of public discourse, we must examine the roles they aim to play, and the terms by which they hope to be judged.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2019-06-12\",\"journal\":\"New Media & Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gillespie\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tarleton\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2010\",\"pages\":\"347–364\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{gillespie_politics_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {The politics of ‘platforms’},\\n\\tvolume = {12},\\n\\tissn = {1461-4448},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/1461444809342738},\\n\\tabstract = {Online content providers such as YouTube are carefully positioning themselves to users, clients, advertisers and policymakers, making strategic claims for what they do and do not do, and how their place in the information landscape should be understood. One term in particular, ‘platform’, reveals the contours of this discursive work. The term has been deployed in both their populist appeals and their marketing pitches, sometimes as technical ‘platforms’, sometimes as ‘platforms’ from which to speak, sometimes as ‘platforms’ of opportunity. Whatever tensions exist in serving all of these constituencies are carefully elided. The term also fits their efforts to shape information policy, where they seek protection for facilitating user expression, yet also seek limited liability for what those users say. As these providers become the curators of public discourse, we must examine the roles they aim to play, and the terms by which they hope to be judged.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2019-06-12},\\n\\tjournal = {New Media \\\\& Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Gillespie, Tarleton},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tpages = {347--364},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Gillespie, T.\"],\"key\":\"gillespie_politics_2010\",\"id\":\"gillespie_politics_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"gillespie-thepoliticsofplatforms-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"techreport\",\"type\":\"SSRN Scholarly Paper\",\"address\":\"Rochester, NY\",\"title\":\"Towards Critical Data Studies: Charting and Unpacking Data Assemblages and Their Work\",\"shorttitle\":\"Towards Critical Data Studies\",\"url\":\"https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2474112\",\"abstract\":\"The growth of big data and the development of digital data infrastructures raises numerous questions about the nature of data, how they are being produced, organized, analyzed and employed, and how best to make sense of them and the work they do. Critical data studies endeavours to answer such questions. This paper sets out a vision for critical data studies, building on the initial provocations of Dalton and Thatcher (2014). It is divided into three sections. The first details the recent step change in the production and employment of data and how data and databases are being reconceptualised. The second forwards the notion of a data assemblage that encompasses all of the technological, political, social and economic apparatuses and elements that constitutes and frames the generation, circulation and deployment of data. Drawing on the ideas of Michel Foucault and Ian Hacking it is posited that one way to enact critical data studies is to chart and unpack data assemblages. The third starts to unpack some the ways that data assemblages do work in the world with respect to dataveillance and the erosion of privacy, profiling and social sorting, anticipatory governance, and secondary uses and control creep. The paper concludes by arguing for greater conceptual work and empirical research to underpin and flesh out critical data studies.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"ID 2474112\",\"urldate\":\"2020-06-08\",\"institution\":\"Social Science Research Network\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kitchin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rob\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lauriault\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tracey\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"keywords\":\"big data, civil liberties, critical data studies, data assemblages, data infrastructures\",\"bibtex\":\"@techreport{kitchin_towards_2014,\\n\\taddress = {Rochester, NY},\\n\\ttype = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},\\n\\ttitle = {Towards {Critical} {Data} {Studies}: {Charting} and {Unpacking} {Data} {Assemblages} and {Their} {Work}},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Towards {Critical} {Data} {Studies}},\\n\\turl = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2474112},\\n\\tabstract = {The growth of big data and the development of digital data infrastructures raises numerous questions about the nature of data, how they are being produced, organized, analyzed and employed, and how best to make sense of them and the work they do.  Critical data studies endeavours to answer such questions.  This paper sets out a vision for critical data studies, building on the initial provocations of Dalton and Thatcher (2014).  It is divided into three sections.  The first details the recent step change in the production and employment of data and how data and databases are being reconceptualised.  The second forwards the notion of a data assemblage that encompasses all of the technological, political, social and economic apparatuses and elements that constitutes and frames the generation, circulation and deployment of data.  Drawing on the ideas of Michel Foucault and Ian Hacking it is posited that one way to enact critical data studies is to chart and unpack data assemblages.  The third starts to unpack some the ways that data assemblages do work in the world with respect to dataveillance and the erosion of privacy, profiling and social sorting, anticipatory governance, and secondary uses and control creep.  The paper concludes by arguing for greater conceptual work and empirical research to underpin and flesh out critical data studies.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {ID 2474112},\\n\\turldate = {2020-06-08},\\n\\tinstitution = {Social Science Research Network},\\n\\tauthor = {Kitchin, Rob and Lauriault, Tracey},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tkeywords = {big data, civil liberties, critical data studies, data assemblages, data infrastructures},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kitchin, R.\",\"Lauriault, T.\"],\"key\":\"kitchin_towards_2014\",\"id\":\"kitchin_towards_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kitchin-lauriault-towardscriticaldatastudieschartingandunpackingdataassemblagesandtheirwork-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2474112\"},\"keyword\":[\"big data\",\"civil liberties\",\"critical data studies\",\"data assemblages\",\"data infrastructures\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"Toward an Understanding of Data Literacy\",\"copyright\":\"Copyright 2018 is held by Hammad Khan, Jeonghyun Kim, Hsia-Ching Chang. Copyright permissions, when appropriate, must be obtained directly from the authors.\",\"url\":\"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/100243\",\"abstract\":\"As the interest in data grows, much attention has been paid to data literacy, and multiple perspectives and understandings to define data literacy have emerged from varying conceptual contexts. However, there remains a lack of agreement regarding the scope of data literacy across disciplines. This study attempts to define data literacy holistically through a meta-synthesis approach. The study found three distinct themes for data literacy: as skills required for data-driven decision making, as activities for research data services, and a set of practices for data lifecycle.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"urldate\":\"2019-09-20\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Khan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hammad\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kim\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeonghyun\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hsia-Ching\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2018\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{khan_toward_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Toward an {Understanding} of {Data} {Literacy}},\\n\\tcopyright = {Copyright 2018 is held by Hammad Khan, Jeonghyun Kim, Hsia-Ching Chang. Copyright permissions, when appropriate, must be obtained directly from the authors.},\\n\\turl = {https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/100243},\\n\\tabstract = {As the interest in data grows, much attention has been paid to data literacy, and multiple perspectives and understandings to define data literacy have emerged from varying conceptual contexts. However, there remains a lack of agreement regarding the scope of data literacy across disciplines. This study attempts to define data literacy holistically through a meta-synthesis approach. The study found three distinct themes for data literacy: as skills required for data-driven decision making, as activities for research data services, and a set of practices for data lifecycle.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\turldate = {2019-09-20},\\n\\tauthor = {Khan, Hammad R. and Kim, Jeonghyun and Chang, Hsia-Ching},\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Khan, H. R.\",\"Kim, J.\",\"Chang, H.\"],\"key\":\"khan_toward_2018\",\"id\":\"khan_toward_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"khan-kim-chang-towardanunderstandingofdataliteracy-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/100243\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Toward Critical Media Literacy: Core concepts, debates, organizations, and policy\",\"volume\":\"26\",\"issn\":\"0159-6306\",\"shorttitle\":\"Toward Critical Media Literacy\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200169\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/01596300500200169\",\"abstract\":\"Media literacy education is not as advanced in the USA as in several other English speaking areas, such as Great Britain, Canada, and Australia. Despite decades of struggle since the 1970s by individuals and groups, media education is still only reaching a small percentage of K–12 schools in the US. While some major inroads have been made, such as getting elements of media literacy included in most of the 50 state's educational standards and the launching of two national media education organizations, most teachers and students in the USA are not aware of issues involved in media literacy education. In this paper we set forth some models of media literacy, delineate key concepts of critical media literacy, and then examine some of the most active organizations in the USA and differences in their goals and pedagogy.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2020-01-31\",\"journal\":\"Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kellner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Douglas\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Share\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeff\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2005\",\"pages\":\"369–386\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kellner_toward_2005,\\n\\ttitle = {Toward {Critical} {Media} {Literacy}: {Core} concepts, debates, organizations, and policy},\\n\\tvolume = {26},\\n\\tissn = {0159-6306},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Toward {Critical} {Media} {Literacy}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200169},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/01596300500200169},\\n\\tabstract = {Media literacy education is not as advanced in the USA as in several other English speaking areas, such as Great Britain, Canada, and Australia. Despite decades of struggle since the 1970s by individuals and groups, media education is still only reaching a small percentage of K–12 schools in the US. While some major inroads have been made, such as getting elements of media literacy included in most of the 50 state's educational standards and the launching of two national media education organizations, most teachers and students in the USA are not aware of issues involved in media literacy education. In this paper we set forth some models of media literacy, delineate key concepts of critical media literacy, and then examine some of the most active organizations in the USA and differences in their goals and pedagogy.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2020-01-31},\\n\\tjournal = {Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education},\\n\\tauthor = {Kellner, Douglas and Share, Jeff},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2005},\\n\\tpages = {369--386},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kellner, D.\",\"Share, J.\"],\"key\":\"kellner_toward_2005\",\"id\":\"kellner_toward_2005\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kellner-share-towardcriticalmedialiteracycoreconceptsdebatesorganizationsandpolicy-2005\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200169\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"techreport\",\"type\":\"techreport\",\"title\":\"Why selective exposure to like-minded political news is less prevalent than you think\",\"language\":\"en\",\"institution\":\"Knight Foundation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Guess\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrew\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nyhan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brendan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lyons\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Benjamin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reifler\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jason\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2018\",\"pages\":\"25\",\"bibtex\":\"@techreport{guess_why_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Why selective exposure to like-minded political news is less prevalent than you think},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tinstitution = {Knight Foundation},\\n\\tauthor = {Guess, Andrew and Nyhan, Brendan and Lyons, Benjamin and Reifler, Jason},\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tpages = {25},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Guess, A.\",\"Nyhan, B.\",\"Lyons, B.\",\"Reifler, J.\"],\"key\":\"guess_why_2018\",\"id\":\"guess_why_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"guess-nyhan-lyons-reifler-whyselectiveexposuretolikemindedpoliticalnewsislessprevalentthanyouthink-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Paris\",\"edition\":\"2e éd\",\"series\":\"Pédagogies en développement\",\"title\":\"École et culture: le point des sociologues britanniques\",\"isbn\":\"978-2-8041-2271-3\",\"shorttitle\":\"École et culture\",\"language\":\"fre\",\"publisher\":\"De Boeck Université\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Forquin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jean-Claude\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1996\",\"note\":\"OCLC: 243869610\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{forquin_ecole_1996,\\n\\taddress = {Paris},\\n\\tedition = {2e éd},\\n\\tseries = {Pédagogies en développement},\\n\\ttitle = {École et culture: le point des sociologues britanniques},\\n\\tisbn = {978-2-8041-2271-3},\\n\\tshorttitle = {École et culture},\\n\\tlanguage = {fre},\\n\\tpublisher = {De Boeck Université},\\n\\tauthor = {Forquin, Jean-Claude},\\n\\tyear = {1996},\\n\\tnote = {OCLC: 243869610},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Forquin, J.\"],\"key\":\"forquin_ecole_1996\",\"id\":\"forquin_ecole_1996\",\"bibbaseid\":\"forquin-coleetculturelepointdessociologuesbritanniques-1996\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media? A comparative analysis\",\"volume\":\"20\",\"issn\":\"1461-4448\",\"shorttitle\":\"Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media?\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/1461444817724170\",\"abstract\":\"Scholars have questioned the potential for incidental exposure in high-choice media environments. We use online survey data to examine incidental exposure to news on social media (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter) in four countries (Italy, Australia, United Kingdom, United States). Leaving aside those who say they intentionally use social media for news, we compare the number of online news sources used by social media users who do not see it as a news platform, but may come across news while using it (the incidentally exposed), with people who do not use social media at all (non-users). We find that (a) the incidentally exposed users use significantly more online news sources than non-users, (b) the effect of incidental exposure is stronger for younger people and those with low interest in news and (c) stronger for users of YouTube and Twitter than for users of Facebook.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"7\",\"urldate\":\"2020-03-21\",\"journal\":\"New Media & Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fletcher\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nielsen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rasmus\",\"Kleis\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications\",\"pages\":\"2450–2468\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{fletcher_are_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media? {A} comparative analysis},\\n\\tvolume = {20},\\n\\tissn = {1461-4448},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media?},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/1461444817724170},\\n\\tabstract = {Scholars have questioned the potential for incidental exposure in high-choice media environments. We use online survey data to examine incidental exposure to news on social media (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter) in four countries (Italy, Australia, United Kingdom, United States). Leaving aside those who say they intentionally use social media for news, we compare the number of online news sources used by social media users who do not see it as a news platform, but may come across news while using it (the incidentally exposed), with people who do not use social media at all (non-users). We find that (a) the incidentally exposed users use significantly more online news sources than non-users, (b) the effect of incidental exposure is stronger for younger people and those with low interest in news and (c) stronger for users of YouTube and Twitter than for users of Facebook.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {7},\\n\\turldate = {2020-03-21},\\n\\tjournal = {New Media \\\\& Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Fletcher, Richard and Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\\n\\tpages = {2450--2468},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fletcher, R.\",\"Nielsen, R. K.\"],\"key\":\"fletcher_are_2018\",\"id\":\"fletcher_are_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fletcher-nielsen-arepeopleincidentallyexposedtonewsonsocialmediaacomparativeanalysis-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Are News Audiences Increasingly Fragmented? A Cross-National Comparative Analysis of Cross-Platform News Audience Fragmentation and Duplication\",\"volume\":\"67\",\"issn\":\"0021-9916\",\"shorttitle\":\"Are News Audiences Increasingly Fragmented?\",\"url\":\"https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/67/4/476/4642154\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/jcom.12315\",\"abstract\":\"Abstract. The move to high-choice media environments has sparked fears over audience fragmentation. We analyze news audiences across media platforms (print, te\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2020-03-21\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Communication\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fletcher\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nielsen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rasmus\",\"Kleis\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Oxford Academic\",\"pages\":\"476–498\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{fletcher_are_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Are {News} {Audiences} {Increasingly} {Fragmented}? {A} {Cross}-{National} {Comparative} {Analysis} of {Cross}-{Platform} {News} {Audience} {Fragmentation} and {Duplication}},\\n\\tvolume = {67},\\n\\tissn = {0021-9916},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Are {News} {Audiences} {Increasingly} {Fragmented}?},\\n\\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/67/4/476/4642154},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/jcom.12315},\\n\\tabstract = {Abstract.  The move to high-choice media environments has sparked fears over audience fragmentation. We analyze news audiences across media platforms (print, te},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2020-03-21},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Communication},\\n\\tauthor = {Fletcher, Richard and Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Oxford Academic},\\n\\tpages = {476--498},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fletcher, R.\",\"Nielsen, R. K.\"],\"key\":\"fletcher_are_2017\",\"id\":\"fletcher_are_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fletcher-nielsen-arenewsaudiencesincreasinglyfragmentedacrossnationalcomparativeanalysisofcrossplatformnewsaudiencefragmentationandduplication-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/67/4/476/4642154\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge, Mass\",\"series\":\"Inside technology\",\"title\":\"Between reason and experience: essays in technology and modernity\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-262-51425-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Between reason and experience\",\"publisher\":\"MIT Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Feenberg\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrew\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"keywords\":\"Civilization, Modern, Philosophy, Social aspects, Technology\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{feenberg_between_2010,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge, Mass},\\n\\tseries = {Inside technology},\\n\\ttitle = {Between reason and experience: essays in technology and modernity},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-262-51425-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Between reason and experience},\\n\\tpublisher = {MIT Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Feenberg, Andrew},\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tkeywords = {Civilization, Modern, Philosophy, Social aspects, Technology},\\n}\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Feenberg, A.\"],\"key\":\"feenberg_between_2010\",\"id\":\"feenberg_between_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"feenberg-betweenreasonandexperienceessaysintechnologyandmodernity-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Civilization\",\"Modern\",\"Philosophy\",\"Social aspects\",\"Technology\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"authorlinks\":{}},\n      ownerID: undefined\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing and then restoring');\n    site$ = $;\n    $ = null;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  if (site$) {\n    console.log('existing jquery: avoiding conflict and restoring');\n    bb$ = $.noConflict(true);\n    $ = site$;\n  } else {\n    bb$ = $;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"//bibbase.org/js/bibbase.min.js\"\n          type=\"text/javascript\">\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\"\n          src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/x-mathjax-config\">\n    MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\\\(','\\\\)']]},\n                        skipTags: [\"body\"],\n                        processClass: \"bibbase_paper\"});\n  </script>\n\n  <style>\n  @media print {\n    .dontprint {\n        display: none !important;\n    }\n\n  .bibbase_group {\n    background-color: #E0E0E0;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: larger;\n    text-shadow: 0px 0px 3px #FFFFFF;\n    border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -webkit-border-radius: 4px;\n    padding: 5px 40px 5px;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n  }\n\n  .bibbase_paper {\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n  }\n\n  }\n  </style>\n\n  \n  <div style=\"float: right; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: right; font-size: 12px\">\n    generated by\n    <a href=\"//bibbase.org\"\n       onclick=\"trackOutboundLink('bibbase', 'logo clicked', window.location.href, '//bibbase.org'); return false;\">\n      <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/logo.svg\"\n           style=\"vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 3px; height: 16px;\"/\n           alt=\"bibbase.org\"\n           title=\"BibBase – The easiest way to maintain your publications page.\"\n        ></a>\n    \n  </div>\n  \n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_header\" class=\"dontprint\" style=\"\">\n\n    <ul class=\"nav nav-pills\" style=\"margin: 0px;\">\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"groupby_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\">\n          Group by\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li class=\"groupby year\"><a onclick=\"groupby('year')\">\n            Year</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby author\"><a onclick=\"groupby('author_short')\">\n            Author</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby type\"><a onclick=\"groupby('type')\">\n            Type</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby keyword\"><a onclick=\"groupby('keyword')\">\n            Keyword</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby downloads\"><a onclick=\"groupby('downloads')\">\n            Downloads</a>\n        </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"menu_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\" alt=\"controls\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-reorder\" alt=\"controls\"></i>\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li>\n          <a onclick=\"toggleAll()\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-chevron-down fa-fw\"></i> Expand/Collapse All\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a download=\"items\" href=\"data:text/bibtex;base64,@article{yeung_hypernudge_2017,
	title = {‘{Hypernudge}’: {Big} {Data} as a mode of regulation by design},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1369-118X},
	shorttitle = {‘{Hypernudge}’},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713},
	doi = {10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713},
	abstract = {This paper draws on regulatory governance scholarship to argue that the analytic phenomenon currently known as ‘Big Data’ can be understood as a mode of ‘design-based’ regulation. Although Big Data decision-making technologies can take the form of automated decision-making systems, this paper focuses on algorithmic decision-guidance techniques. By highlighting correlations between data items that would not otherwise be observable, these techniques are being used to shape the informational choice context in which individual decision-making occurs, with the aim of channelling attention and decision-making in directions preferred by the ‘choice architect’. By relying upon the use of ‘nudge’ – a particular form of choice architecture that alters people’s behaviour in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives, these techniques constitute a ‘soft’ form of design-based control. But, unlike the static Nudges popularised by Thaler and Sunstein [(2008). Nudge. London: Penguin Books] such as placing the salad in front of the lasagne to encourage healthy eating, Big Data analytic nudges are extremely powerful and potent due to their networked, continuously updated, dynamic and pervasive nature (hence ‘hypernudge’). I adopt a liberal, rights-based critique of these techniques, contrasting liberal theoretical accounts with selective insights from science and technology studies (STS) and surveillance studies on the other. I argue that concerns about the legitimacy of these techniques are not satisfactorily resolved through reliance on individual notice and consent, touching upon the troubling implications for democracy and human flourishing if Big Data analytic techniques driven by commercial self-interest continue their onward march unchecked by effective and legitimate constraints.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2019-11-04},
	journal = {Information, Communication \& Society},
	author = {Yeung, Karen},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Big Data, communication studies, law, regulation, social theory, surveillance/privacy},
	pages = {118--136},
}



@article{mutz_communication_2011,
	title = {Communication and {Public} {OpinionPlus} Ça {Change}?},
	volume = {75},
	issn = {0033-362X},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/75/5/1018/1825647},
	doi = {10.1093/poq/nfr052},
	abstract = {Abstract.  Three central themes that have persisted throughout the history of research on communication and public opinion are examined in light of past, presen},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2019-11-05},
	journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
	author = {Mutz, Diana C. and Young, Lori},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1018--1044},
}



@article{kunaver_diversity_2017,
	title = {Diversity in recommender systems – {A} survey},
	volume = {123},
	issn = {0950-7051},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705117300680},
	doi = {10.1016/j.knosys.2017.02.009},
	abstract = {Diversification has become one of the leading topics of recommender system research not only as a way to solve the over-fitting problem but also an approach to increasing the quality of the user’s experience with the recommender system. This article aims to provide an overview of research done on this topic from one of the first mentions of diversity in 2001 until now. The articles ,and research, have been divided into three sub-topics for a better overview of the work done in the field of recommendation diversification: the definition and evaluation of diversity; the impact of diversification on the quality of recommendation results and the development of diversification algorithms themselves. In this way, the article aims both to offer a good overview to a researcher looking for the state-of-the-art on this topic and to help a new developer get familiar with the topic.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2019-11-04},
	journal = {Knowledge-Based Systems},
	author = {Kunaver, Matevž and Požrl, Tomaž},
	month = may,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Diversity, Personalization, Recommender system},
	pages = {154--162},
}



@article{gruzd_investigating_2014,
	title = {Investigating {Political} {Polarization} on {Twitter}: {A} {Canadian} {Perspective}},
	volume = {6},
	copyright = {© 2014 Policy Studies Organization},
	issn = {1944-2866},
	shorttitle = {Investigating {Political} {Polarization} on {Twitter}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354},
	doi = {10.1002/1944-2866.POI354},
	abstract = {This article investigates political polarization in social media by undertaking social network analysis of a sample of 5,918 tweets posted by 1,492 Twitter users during the 2011 Canadian Federal Election. On the one hand, we observed a clustering effect around shared political views among supporters of the same party in the Twitter communication network, suggesting that there are pockets of political polarization on Twitter. At the same time, there was evidence of cross-ideological connections and exchanges, which may facilitate open, cross-party, and cross-ideological discourse, and ignite wider debate and learning as they are observed by nonaffiliated voters and the media at large. However, what appeared to be far less likely was any increased willingness or tendency for committed partisans to shift their allegiances as a result of their Twitter engagements, and we postulate that Twitter usage at present is likely to further embed partisan loyalties during electoral periods rather than loosen them; a dynamic that would seemingly contribute to political polarization.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2019-11-24},
	journal = {Policy \& Internet},
	author = {Gruzd, Anatoliy and Roy, Jeffrey},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Twitter, election, politics, social media, social network},
	pages = {28--45},
}



@book{stiegler_digital_2016,
	title = {Digital {Studies} {Organologie} des savoirs et technologies de la connaissance - {Bernard} {Stiegler}},
	isbn = {978-2-36405-108-9},
	abstract = {Le numérique bouleverse les savoirs, et depuis quelques années a émergé le concept de digital humanities (humanités numériques), paradigme à travers lequel les sciences de l’homme et de la société prennent acte de ce devenir. Cet ouvrage, qui s’inscrit évidemment dans cette dynamique, pose cependant en principe que les digital humanities ne sont qu’une dimension de ce qu’il faut appréhender plus largement comme les digital studies, lesquelles concernent toutes les formes de savoirs, théoriques aussi bien que pratiques. Il soutient autrement dit que le numérique constitue une mutation globale des savoirs sous toutes leurs formes (scientifiques, artistiques, politiques, sociaux au sens le plus large, pratiques dans tous les domaines) qui pose des questions épistémologiques fondamentales et radicalement nouvelles. Le contexte géopolitique de cette réflexion — qui a donné lieu à la constitution d’un réseau international par l’Institut de recherche et d’innovation (cf. digital-studies.org) — est l’émergence d’une industrie planétaire des savoirs pour laquelle l’Amérique du Nord tente de constituer ce que l’on appelle désormais un smart power.},
	language = {fr},
	publisher = {FYP editions},
	author = {Stiegler, Bernard},
	month = jul,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: BJ4uDwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General},
}



@article{sears_selective_1967,
	title = {Selective exposure to information: {A} critical review},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {0033-362X},
	shorttitle = {{SELECTIVE} {EXPOSURE} {TO} {INFORMATION}},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/31/2/194/1813651},
	doi = {10.1086/267513},
	abstract = {Abstract.  This study reviews the literature on selective exposure to information and re-analyzes prevalent theories by pointing up existing knowledge regarding},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2019-11-24},
	journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
	author = {Sears, David O. and Freedman, Jonathan L.},
	month = jan,
	year = {1967},
	pages = {194--213},
}



@article{ouellet_medias_2014,
	title = {Médias sociaux, idéologie invisible et réel :pour une dialectique du concret},
	copyright = {Licence Creative Commons},
	shorttitle = {Médias sociaux, idéologie invisible et réel},
	url = {http://journals.openedition.org/ticetsociete/1391},
	doi = {10.4000/ticetsociete.1391},
	abstract = {Cet article aborde les TIC, plus spécifiquement les médias socionumériques, dans une perspective critique. Nous soutenons que, pour aborder les TIC dans une perspective critique, il est nécessaire de réhabiliter un certain nombre de notions fondatrices de la tradition de la théorie critique, c’est-à-dire les concepts de totalité, d’idéologie, de dialectique, de fétichisme et d’aliénation. Au contraire des approches qui postulent que nous entrons dans l’ère de la fin des idéologies et de la représentation de la société comme totalité, nous avançons qu’une théorie critique des médias socionumériques se doit d’analyser leurs usages dans le contexte des transformations sociétales plus profondes qui ont cours au sein des sociétés capitalistes. Ces transformations, notamment la globalisation capitaliste, s’inscrivent dans une dynamique de totalisation, qui a entre autres été rendue possible grâce au déploiement des TIC. Selon nous, ce n’est que lorsque la technique aura réintégré le terrain idéologique qu’elle redeviendra sujette à débat et, de ce fait, réellement appropriable.},
	language = {fr},
	number = {Vol. 8, N° 1-2},
	urldate = {2019-09-06},
	journal = {tic\&société},
	author = {Ouellet, Maxime and Mondoux, André and Menard, Marc},
	month = may,
	year = {2014},
}



@article{napoli_exposure_2011,
	title = {Exposure {Diversity} {Reconsidered}},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {2158-3897},
	url = {www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246},
	doi = {10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246},
	abstract = {Concerning media diversity, should policymakers be more concerned about the choices consumers of information make than what sources are available to them? Dr. Napoli argues that with all of the information outlets currently available, focusing on source and content diversity is becoming less important than understanding the information that is actually consumed by media users. If audiences choose to focus their attention selectively on only a few sources that reflect their tastes and preferences, are policy interventions called for? Dr. Napoli discusses the kinds of research needed to begin to answer this question.},
	urldate = {2019-11-27},
	journal = {Journal of Information Policy},
	author = {Napoli, Philip M.},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {246--259},
}



@book{morin_introduction_2014,
	title = {Introduction à la pensée complexe},
	isbn = {978-2-7578-4200-3},
	language = {French},
	author = {Morin, Edgar},
	year = {2014},
	note = {OCLC: 964046192},
}



@book{guattari_three_2005,
	address = {London ; New York},
	title = {The three ecologies},
	isbn = {978-0-485-00408-3 978-0-8264-8065-1},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Continuum},
	author = {Guattari, Félix},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Human ecology, Philosophy},
}



@article{granovetter_strength_1973,
	title = {The {Strength} of {Weak} {Ties}},
	volume = {78},
	issn = {0002-9602},
	url = {www.jstor.org/stable/2776392},
	abstract = {Analysis of social networks is suggested as a tool for linking micro and macro levels of sociological theory. The procedure is illustrated by elaboration of the macro implications of one aspect of small-scale interaction: the strength of dyadic ties. It is argued that the degree of overlap of two individuals' friendship networks varies directly with the strength of their tie to one another. The impact of this principle on diffusion of influence and information, mobility opportunity, and community organization is explored. Stress is laid on the cohesive power of weak ties. Most network models deal, implicitly, with strong ties, thus confining their applicability to small, well-defined groups. Emphasis on weak ties lends itself to discussion of relations between groups and to analysis of segments of social structure not easily defined in terms of primary groups.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2019-11-27},
	journal = {American Journal of Sociology},
	author = {Granovetter, Mark S.},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {1360--1380},
}



@article{drosou_diversity_2017,
	title = {Diversity in {Big} {Data}: {A} {Review}},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {2167-6461},
	shorttitle = {Diversity in {Big} {Data}},
	url = {https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/big.2016.0054},
	doi = {10.1089/big.2016.0054},
	abstract = {Big data technology offers unprecedented opportunities to society as a whole and also to its individual members. At the same time, this technology poses significant risks to those it overlooks. In this article, we give an overview of recent technical work on diversity, particularly in selection tasks, discuss connections between diversity and fairness, and identify promising directions for future work that will position diversity as an important component of a data-responsible society. We argue that diversity should come to the forefront of our discourse, for reasons that are both ethical—to mitigate the risks of exclusion—and utilitarian, to enable more powerful, accurate, and engaging data analysis and use.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2019-11-04},
	journal = {Big Data},
	author = {Drosou, Marina and Jagadish, H.v. and Pitoura, Evaggelia and Stoyanovich, Julia},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {73--84},
}



@article{chouteau_technique_2015,
	title = {La technique est-elle condamnée à entrer par effraction dans notre culture ?},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {1925-4873},
	url = {http://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/phro/2015-v4-n2-phro02105/1033446ar/},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.7202/1033446ar},
	abstract = {L’artificialisation de notre monde n’est pas nouvelle et constitue même, à travers        les objets techniques qui en sont le support, l’un des piliers de ce qui caractérise notre        humanité. En dépit de ce constat, la culture technique, en tant que champ interdisciplinaire        centré sur l’étude des relations entre technique et société, peine à s’institutionnaliser, y        compris dans la formation des ingénieurs dont nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’elle devrait en        être un élément clé. Notre expérience à l’INSA de Lyon nous invite à examiner les conditions        de réalisation de la culture technique au niveau de l’enseignement, via une recherche        interdisciplinaire, pour lui donner la place qu’elle mérite.},
	language = {fr},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2019-11-28},
	journal = {Phronesis},
	author = {Chouteau, Marianne and Escudie, Marie-Pierre and Forest, Joëlle and Nguyen, Céline},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {SHS, culture technique, education, engineer, enseignement, human and social sciences, ingénieur, interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinarité, technical culture},
	pages = {5--16},
}



@article{de_noblet_manifeste_1981,
	title = {Manifeste pour le développement de la {Culture} {Technique}. {Culture} {Technique} et changement de société},
	language = {Français},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Culture Technique},
	author = {De Noblet, Jocelyn},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {11--47},
}



@article{charbonnier_savoirs_2012,
	title = {Savoirs écologiques},
	copyright = {Tracés est mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.},
	issn = {1763-0061},
	url = {http://journals.openedition.org/traces/5415},
	doi = {10.4000/traces.5415},
	abstract = {Au-delà de l’impératif de protection et de conservation de la nature auquel le terme « écologie » renvoie de manière privilégiée, on parle aujourd’hui plus largement d’écologie pour qualifier des manières d’habiter, de se nourrir, de se déplacer, etc. La notion sert ainsi à labelliser un ensemble de pratiques, qui traduisent un rapport de respect et d’attention à l’environnement. Parallèlement à ces usages ordinaires, les démarches intellectuelles qui se ré...},
	language = {fr},
	number = {22},
	urldate = {2019-10-13},
	journal = {Tracés. Revue de Sciences humaines},
	author = {Charbonnier, Pierre and Kreplak, Yaël},
	month = jun,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {7--23},
}



@incollection{castells_novelty_2015,
	title = {Novelty and {Diversity} in {Recommender} {Systems}},
	isbn = {978-1-4899-7636-9},
	abstract = {Novelty and diversity have been identified, along with accuracy, as foremost properties of useful recommendations. Considerable progress has been made in the field in terms of the definition of methods to enhance such properties, as well as methodologies and metrics to assess how well such methods work. In this chapter we give an overview of the main contributions to this area in the field of recommender systems, and seek to relate them together in a unified view, analyzing the common elements underneath the different forms under which novelty and diversity have been addressed, and identifying connections to closely related work on diversity in other fields.},
	author = {Castells, Pablo and Hurley, Neil and Vargas, Saul},
	month = jan,
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4899-7637-6_26},
	keywords = {Aggregate Diversity, Recommendation Algorithm, Recommended Item, Recommender System, Target User},
	pages = {881--918},
}



@article{bodo_interested_2019,
	title = {Interested in {Diversity}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {2167-0811},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292},
	doi = {10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292},
	abstract = {Using survey evidence from the Netherlands, we explore the factors that influence news readers’ attitudes toward news personalization. We show that the value of personalization depends on commonly overlooked factors, such as concerns about a shared news sphere, and the depth and diversity of recommendations. However, these expectations are not universal. Younger, less educated users have little exposure to non-personalized news, and they also show little concern about diverse news recommendations. We discuss the policy implications of our findings. We show that quality news organizations that pursue reader loyalty and trust have a strong incentive to implement personalization algorithms that help them achieve these particular goals by taking into account diversity expecting user attitudes and providing high quality recommendations. Diversity-valuing news readers are thus well placed to be served by diversity-enhancing recommender algorithms. However, some users are in danger of being left out of this positive feedback loop. We make specific policy suggestions regarding how to address the issue of diversity-reducing feedback loops, and encourage the development of diversity-enhancing ones.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2021-01-27},
	journal = {Digital Journalism},
	author = {Bodó, Balázs and Helberger, Natali and Eskens, Sarah and Möller, Judith},
	month = feb,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292},
	keywords = {news, personalization, survey, the Netherlands, user attitudes},
	pages = {206--229},
}



@book{bateson_vers_2008,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {Vers une écologie de l'esprit {T}. 2. {T}. 2.},
	isbn = {978-2-02-053233-4},
	language = {French},
	publisher = {Ed. du Seuil},
	author = {Bateson, Gregory},
	year = {2008},
	note = {OCLC: 717575731},
}



@book{roqueplo_penser_1983,
	address = {Paris},
	series = {Science ouverte},
	title = {Penser la technique: pour une démocratie concrète},
	isbn = {978-2-02-006337-1},
	shorttitle = {Penser la technique},
	publisher = {Seuil},
	author = {Roqueplo, Philippe},
	year = {1983},
	keywords = {Philosophy, Technology},
}



@article{bakshy_exposure_2015,
	title = {Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on {Facebook}},
	volume = {348},
	copyright = {Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
	url = {https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/1130},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aaa1160},
	abstract = {Not getting all sides of the news?
People are increasingly turning away from mass media to social media as a way of learning news and civic information. Bakshy et al. examined the news that millions of Facebook users' peers shared, what information these users were presented with, and what they ultimately consumed (see the Perspective by Lazer). Friends shared substantially less cross-cutting news from sources aligned with an opposing ideology. People encountered roughly 15\% less cross-cutting content in news feeds due to algorithmic ranking and clicked through to 70\% less of this cross-cutting content. Within the domain of political news encountered in social media, selective exposure appears to drive attention.
Science, this issue p. 1130; see also p. 1090
Exposure to news, opinion, and civic information increasingly occurs through social media. How do these online networks influence exposure to perspectives that cut across ideological lines? Using deidentified data, we examined how 10.1 million U.S. Facebook users interact with socially shared news. We directly measured ideological homophily in friend networks and examined the extent to which heterogeneous friends could potentially expose individuals to cross-cutting content. We then quantified the extent to which individuals encounter comparatively more or less diverse content while interacting via Facebook’s algorithmically ranked News Feed and further studied users’ choices to click through to ideologically discordant content. Compared with algorithmic ranking, individuals’ choices played a stronger role in limiting exposure to cross-cutting content.
Despite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer]
Despite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer]},
	language = {en},
	number = {6239},
	urldate = {2019-06-12},
	journal = {Science},
	author = {Bakshy, Eytan and Messing, Solomon and Adamic, Lada A.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {25953820},
	keywords = {Important},
	pages = {1130--1132},
}



@article{zuiderveen_borgesius_should_2016,
	title = {Should we worry about filter bubbles?},
	issn = {2197-6775},
	url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/should-we-worry-about-filter-bubbles},
	abstract = {Personalised news websites can have serious implications for democracy, but little is known about the extent and effects of personalisation.},
	urldate = {2018-11-16},
	journal = {Internet Policy Review},
	author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, Frederik and Trilling, Damian and Möller, Judith and Bodó, Balázs and Vreese, Claes H. de and Helberger, Natali},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
}



@inproceedings{wing_computational_2011,
	title = {Computational thinking},
	doi = {10.1109/VLHCC.2011.6070404},
	abstract = {Summary form only given. My vision for the 21st century, Computational Thinking, will be a fundamental skill used by everyone in the world. To reading, writing, and arithmetic, we should add computational thinking to every child's analytical ability. Computational thinking involves solving problems, designing systems, and understanding human behavior by drawing on the concepts fundamental to computer science. Thinking like a computer scientist means more than being able to program a computer. It requires the ability to abstract and thus to think at multiple levels of abstraction. In this talk I will give many examples of computational thinking, argue that it has already influenced other disciplines, and promote the idea that teaching computational thinking can not only inspire future generations to enter the field of computer science but benefit people in all fields.},
	booktitle = {2011 {IEEE} {Symposium} on {Visual} {Languages} and {Human}-{Centric} {Computing} ({VL}/{HCC})},
	author = {Wing, J. M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {abstraction, cognition, computational thinking, computer science, fundamental skill, human behavior, problem solving},
	pages = {3--3},
}



@book{van_den_eede_beauty_2019,
	address = {Albany},
	title = {The beauty of detours: a {Batesonian} philosophy of technology},
	isbn = {978-1-4384-7711-4},
	shorttitle = {The beauty of detours},
	publisher = {State University of New York},
	author = {Van Den Eede, Yoni},
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {Bateson, Gregory, Philosophy, Technology},
}



@article{van_den_eede_between_2011,
	title = {In {Between} {Us}: {On} the {Transparency} and {Opacity} of {Technological} {Mediation}},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1572-8471},
	shorttitle = {In {Between} {Us}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y},
	doi = {10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y},
	abstract = {In recent years several approaches—philosophical, sociological, psychological—have been developed to come to grips with our profoundly technologically mediated world. However, notwithstanding the vast merit of each, they illuminate only certain aspects of technological mediation. This paper is a preliminary attempt at a philosophical reflection on technological mediation as such—deploying the concepts of ‘transparency’ and ‘opacity’ as heuristic instruments. Hence, we locate a ‘theory of transparency’ within several theoretical frameworks—respectively classic phenomenology, media theory, Actor Network Theory, postphenomenology, several ethnographical, psychological, and sociological perspectives, and finally, the “Critical Theory of Technology.” Subsequently, we render a general, systematic overview of these theories, thereby conjecturing what a broad analysis of technological mediation in and of itself might look like—finding, at last, an essential contradiction between transparency of ‘use’ and transparency of social origins and effects.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-03-19},
	journal = {Foundations of Science},
	author = {Van Den Eede, Yoni},
	month = may,
	year = {2011},
	pages = {139--159},
}



@incollection{tilleul_evaluating_2015,
	address = {Götenborg},
	title = {Evaluating {Media} {Literacy} and {Media} {Education} {Competences} of {Future} {Media} {Educators}},
	booktitle = {Reflections on {Media} {Education} {Futures}. {Contributions} to the conference {Media} {Education} {Futures} in {Tampere}, {Finland} 2014},
	publisher = {Nordicom},
	author = {Tilleul, Camille and Fastrez, Pierre and De Smedt, Thierry},
	editor = {Kotilainen, Sirkku and Kupiainen, Reijo},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Lu Pierre, inDIAL},
	pages = {75--89},
}



@book{stiegler_technique_1994,
	address = {Paris},
	series = {La {Philosophie} en effet},
	title = {La technique et le temps},
	isbn = {978-2-7186-0440-4 978-2-7186-0468-8 978-2-7186-0563-0},
	publisher = {Galilée/Cité des sciences et de l'industrie},
	author = {Stiegler, Bernard},
	year = {1994},
	keywords = {Philosophy, Technology},
}



@article{star_steps_1996,
	title = {Steps {Toward} an {Ecology} of {Infrastructure}: {Design} and {Access} for {Large} {Information} {Spaces}},
	volume = {7},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	journal = {INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH},
	author = {Star, Susan Leigh and Ruhleder, Karen},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {25},
}



@article{spohr_fake_2017,
	title = {Fake news and ideological polarization: {Filter} bubbles and selective exposure on social media},
	shorttitle = {Fake news and ideological polarization},
	url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0266382117722446},
	doi = {10.1177/0266382117722446},
	abstract = {This article addresses questions of ideological polarization and the filter bubble in social media. It develops a theoretical analysis of ideological polarizati...},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-06-12},
	journal = {Business Information Review},
	author = {Spohr, Dominic},
	month = aug,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England},
}



@book{simondon_du_2012,
	address = {Paris},
	edition = {Nouv. éd. rev. et corr},
	series = {Philosophie},
	title = {Du mode d'existence des objets techniques},
	isbn = {978-2-7007-0428-0},
	language = {fre},
	publisher = {Aubier},
	author = {Simondon, Gilbert},
	year = {2012},
	note = {OCLC: 828890034},
}



@article{schield_information_2004,
	title = {Information literacy, statistical literacy, data literacy},
	volume = {282},
	doi = {10.29173/iq790},
	number = {3},
	journal = {IASSIST Quarterly Summer},
	author = {Schield, Milo},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {Lu Thibault, Statistical Literacy},
}



@inproceedings{qin_lessons_2010,
	title = {Lessons learned from a two-year experience in science data literacy education},
	abstract = {In spring 2008 and 2009, we offered a course “Scientific Data Management” to undergraduate and graduate students from science and technology majors with support from an NSF CCLI (award \#0633447) grant. We actively advertised the course on campus and conducted outreach efforts to individual classes and faculty representing a wide range of science and technology disciplines. Each time the course was offered, we conducted preand post-course surveys to assess the instructional effectiveness and learning outcomes. This paper will describe our experience as well as lessons learned in three areas: science faculty perceptions on data management, effect of science curriculum structures on data literacy education, and changes of students’ perceptions and aptitudes, and discuss how the lessons learned will help shape our escience Librarianship curriculum development, which is being funded by IMLS.},
	author = {Qin, Jian and D'Ignazio, John},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Aptitude, Data Literacy, Data Management, Information Literacy, Information literacy, Librarian, Lu Thibault, data literacy, soluble NSF attachment protein},
}



@book{pariser_filter_2012,
	address = {London},
	title = {The filter bubble: what the {Internet} is hiding from you},
	isbn = {978-0-241-95452-2},
	shorttitle = {The filter bubble},
	abstract = {The hidden rise of personalization on the Internet is controlling--and limiting--the information we consume. In 2009, Google began customizing its search results. Instead of giving you the most broadly popular result, Google now tries to predict what you are most likely to click on. According to MoveOn.org board president Eli Pariser, this change is symptomatic of the most significant shift to take place on the Web in recent years--the rise of personalization. Though the phenomenon has gone largely undetected until now, personalized filters are sweeping the Web, creating individual universes of information for each of us. Data companies track your personal information to sell to advertisers, from your political leanings to the hiking boots you just browsed on Zappos. In a personalized world, we will increasingly be typed and fed only news that is pleasant, familiar, and confirms our beliefs--and because these filters are invisible, we won't know what is being hidden from us. Our past interests will determine what we are exposed to in the future, leaving less room for the unexpected encounters that spark creativity, innovation, and the democratic exchange of ideas.--From publisher description},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Penguin Books},
	author = {Pariser, Eli},
	year = {2012},
	note = {OCLC: 812258167},
}



@book{papert_childrens_1993,
	address = {New York},
	title = {The children's machine: rethinking school in the age of the computer},
	isbn = {978-0-465-01063-9 978-0-465-01830-7},
	shorttitle = {The children's machine},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {BasicBooks},
	author = {Papert, Seymour},
	year = {1993},
	note = {OCLC: 27264650},
}



@article{pangrazio_reconceptualising_2016,
	title = {Reconceptualising critical digital literacy},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {0159-6306, 1469-3739},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836},
	doi = {10.1080/01596306.2014.942836},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-01-05},
	journal = {Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education},
	author = {Pangrazio, Luciana},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {Critical Digital Literacy, Lu Thibault},
	pages = {163--174},
}



@article{serres_penser_2009,
	title = {Penser la culture informationnelle : des difficultés de l'exercice},
	volume = {5},
	shorttitle = {Penser la culture informationnelle},
	url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00631504},
	language = {fr},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2020-01-31},
	journal = {Les Cahiers du numérique},
	author = {Serres, Alexandre},
	month = oct,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {9--23},
}



@article{sandvig_internet_2013,
	title = {The {Internet} as {Infrastructure}},
	url = {https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199589074-e-5},
	doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0005},
	abstract = {This chapter discusses how useful it can be to view the Internet as an infrastructure, demonstrating how technical changes of the infrastructure can have unanticipated and unintended societal consequences. The Libyan decision induced substantial dismay in the Internet industry. The case of Violet Blue entails technical decisions about the design of interactive software, usability, culture, religion, history, politics, and economics. Moreover, the infrastructure studies of the Internet are outlined as the relationists and the new materialists. The Internet turns out as an infrastructural primitive or template for its parents: a model privately organized system of distributed computation – the ur-infrastructure. Communication in its original meaning was transportation, a box of goods was said to be ‘communicated’ when it was delivered. It is observed that the Internet demands attention as a foundation for modern life.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2019-09-19},
	journal = {The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies},
	author = {Sandvig, Christian},
	month = jan,
	year = {2013},
}



@article{prado_incorporating_2013,
	title = {Incorporating {Data} {Literacy} into {Information} {Literacy} {Programs}: {Core} competencies and {Contents}},
	volume = {63},
	doi = {10.1515/libri-2013-0010},
	abstract = {The growing importance of data in society in general and scientific domains in particular, mirrored in
the Open Data initiative and in the advent of eScience, requires public, school and academic libraries to contribute to both data and information literacy, as part of their
mission to further knowledge and innovation in their respective
fields of action. No specific library standards have been proposed to date, however, and most research studies
conducted adopt a partial view of data literacy, stressing only the components needed in any given context. The
present paper aims to contribute to the advancement of data literacy with the proposal of a set of core competencies
and contents that can serve as a framework of reference
for its inclusion in libraries’ information literacy programs. The various definitions of data literacy are discussed, the coverage of the competencies listed in information
literacy standards is described, and the competencies considered in the experiments conducted to date
in education and libraries are identified. The conclusion drawn is that the model proposed can favour the development of data literacy support resources and services. Topics
for further research are also specified.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Libri},
	author = {Prado, Javier Calzada and Marzal, Miguel Ángel},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Data and Information Literacy, Data literacy competencies, Lu Thibault, Quantitative Literacy, Statistical Literacy},
	pages = {123--134},
}



@article{plantin_infrastructure_2018,
	title = {Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of {Google} and {Facebook}},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1461-4448},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553},
	doi = {10.1177/1461444816661553},
	abstract = {Two theoretical approaches have recently emerged to characterize new digital objects of study in the media landscape: infrastructure studies and platform studies. Despite their separate origins and different features, we demonstrate in this article how the cross-articulation of these two perspectives improves our understanding of current digital media. We use case studies of the Open Web, Facebook, and Google to demonstrate that infrastructure studies provides a valuable approach to the evolution of shared, widely accessible systems and services of the type often provided or regulated by governments in the public interest. On the other hand, platform studies captures how communication and expression are both enabled and constrained by new digital systems and new media. In these environments, platform-based services acquire characteristics of infrastructure, while both new and existing infrastructures are built or reorganized on the logic of platforms. We conclude by underlining the potential of this combined framework for future case studies.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2019-09-09},
	journal = {New Media \& Society},
	author = {Plantin, Jean-Christophe and Lagoze, Carl and Edwards, Paul N and Sandvig, Christian},
	month = jan,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {293--310},
}



@book{norman_invisible_1998,
	address = {Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.] MIT},
	edition = {1. MIT Press paperback ed},
	title = {The invisible computer: why good products can fail, the personal computer is so complex, and information appliances are the solution},
	isbn = {978-0-262-64041-1 978-0-262-14065-2},
	shorttitle = {The invisible computer},
	language = {eng},
	author = {Norman, Donald A.},
	year = {1998},
	note = {OCLC: 246991881},
}



@article{mateas_procedural_2005,
	title = {Procedural literacy: educating the new media practitioner},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1074-8121},
	shorttitle = {Procedural literacy},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120510608133},
	doi = {10.1108/10748120510608133},
	abstract = {Purpose – Seeks to argue that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media. Design/methodology/approach – This paper looks at one of the earliest historical calls for universal procedural literacy, explores how games can serve as an ideal object around which to organize a procedural literacy curriculum, and describes a graduate course developed at Georgia Tech, Computation as an Expressive Medium, designed to be a first course in procedural literacy for new media practitioners. Findings – To achieve a broader and more profound procedural literacy will require developing an extended curriculum that starts in elementary school and continues through college. Encountering procedurality for the first time in a graduate level course is like a first language course in which students are asked to learn the grammar and vocabulary, read and comment on literature, and write short stories, all in one semester; one's own students would certainly agree that this is a challenging proposition. Originality/value – New media scholars and practitioners, including game designers and game studies scholars, may assume that the “mere” technical details of code can be safely bracketed out of the consideration of the artifact. Contrary to this view, it is argued that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2019-12-28},
	journal = {On the Horizon},
	author = {Mateas, Michael},
	editor = {Davidson, Drew},
	month = jan,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Arts, Data and Algorithmic literacy, Education, Lu Thibault, Programming, Video games},
	pages = {101--111},
}



@article{mandinach_systemic_2013,
	title = {A {Systemic} {View} of {Implementing} {Data} {Literacy} in {Educator} {Preparation}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {0013-189X},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803},
	doi = {10.3102/0013189X12459803},
	abstract = {Data-driven decision making has become increasingly important in education. Policymakers require educators to use data to inform practice. Although the policy emphasis is growing, what has not increased is attention to building human capacity around data use. Educators need to gain data literacy skills to inform practice. Although some professional development opportunities exist for current educators, fewer formal courses and opportunities for data literacy development in schools of education have been developed and implemented. This article explores issues around the growing need for data-driven decision making in programs in schools of education. The issues are complex and the actors needed to bring about change are multiple. A systems perspective to explore course and programmatic implementation is presented.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2019-08-14},
	journal = {Educational Researcher},
	author = {Mandinach, Ellen B. and Gummer, Edith S.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Lu Thibault},
	pages = {30--37},
}



@article{madsen_beyond_2016,
	title = {Beyond the {Bubble}: {Three} empirical reasons for re-conceptualizing online visibility},
	volume = {31},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2016 MedieKultur. Journal of media and communication research},
	issn = {1901-9726},
	shorttitle = {Beyond the {Bubble}},
	url = {https://tidsskrift.dk/mediekultur/article/view/19235},
	doi = {10.7146/mediekultur.v31i59.19235},
	abstract = {Google is a powerful player in deciding how the world is represented to information-seeking citizens in a digitized knowledge-society. Eli Pariser has been influential in arguing that the company’s algorithm leave its users trapped in a biased ‘filter bubble’ where information about the world is tailored to their preferences by algorithms. This paper proposes a move away from the metaphor of the ‘bubble’ when trying to understand how ‘real world representations’ are shaped by dynamics of online visibility. Instead of a mono-causal focus on the algorithm, it suggests focusing on the distributed set of selection mechanisms that enable web-users to navigate a world of ‘big data’. The paper suggests a conceptual move from ‘bubbles’ to ‘visions’ when understanding online visibility. It motivates this suggestion through three empirical analyses of the selection mechanisms involved in making the issue of synthetic biology visible to British Google’s users from February 2011 – February 2012. The paper uses the findings of these analyses as a basis from which to suggest theoretical, empirical and practical implications for future studies on the impact of the digital on ‘real world representation’.},
	language = {en},
	number = {59},
	urldate = {2020-06-17},
	journal = {MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research},
	author = {Madsen, Anders Koed},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Number: 59},
	keywords = {Filter bubble, Google, socio-technical systems, synthetic biology, web-vision},
	pages = {22 p.--22 p.},
}



@article{koltay_data_2017,
	title = {Data literacy for researchers and data librarians},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {0961-0006},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450},
	doi = {10.1177/0961000615616450},
	abstract = {This paper describes data literacy and emphasizes its importance. Data literacy is vital for researchers who need to become data literate science workers and also for (potential) data management professionals. Its important characteristic is a close connection and similarity to information literacy. To support this argument, a review of literature was undertaken on the importance of data, and the data-intensive paradigm of scientific research, researchers’ expected and real behaviour, the nature of research data management, the possible roles of the academic library, data quality and data citation, Besides describing the nature of data literacy and enumerating the related skills, the application of phenomenographic approaches to data literacy and its relationship to the digital humanities have been identified as subjects for further investigation.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2019-12-28},
	journal = {Journal of Librarianship and Information Science},
	author = {Koltay, Tibor},
	month = mar,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Big data, Data citation, Information Literacy, Lu Thibault, data curation, data librarian, data literacy, data quality, data sharing, research data management},
	pages = {3--14},
}



@article{pangrazio_personal_2018,
	title = {‘{Personal} data literacies’: {A} critical literacies approach to enhancing understandings of personal digital data:},
	shorttitle = {‘{Personal} data literacies’},
	url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444818799523},
	doi = {10.1177/1461444818799523},
	abstract = {The capacity to understand and control one’s personal data is now a crucial part of living in contemporary society. In this sense, traditional concerns over sup...},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-06-01},
	journal = {New Media \& Society},
	author = {Pangrazio, Luci and Selwyn, Neil},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England},
}



@article{ohara_echo_2015,
	title = {Echo {Chambers} and {Online} {Radicalism}: {Assessing} the {Internet}'s {Complicity} in {Violent} {Extremism}},
	volume = {7},
	copyright = {© 2015 Policy Studies Organization},
	issn = {1944-2866},
	shorttitle = {Echo {Chambers} and {Online} {Radicalism}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/poi3.88},
	doi = {10.1002/poi3.88},
	abstract = {This article considers claims made by various authors that the use of filtering and recommendation technology on the Internet can deprive certain communities of feedback, and instead amplify groups' viewpoints, leading to polarization of opinion across communities, and increases in extremism. The ‘echo chamber’ arguments of Cass Sunstein are taken as representative of this point of view, and examined in detail in the context of a range of research, theoretical and empirical, quantitative and qualitative, in political science and the sociology of religion, from the last quarter century. The conclusion is that the case has not been made either (a) that echo chambers are necessarily harmful, or (b) that the Internet is complicit in their formation.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2019-11-24},
	journal = {Policy \& Internet},
	author = {O'Hara, Kieron and Stevens, David},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Internet, echo chambers, extremism, networks, public forums, radicalism},
	pages = {401--422},
}



@techreport{newman_reuters_2020,
	title = {Reuters {Institute} {Digital} {News} {Report} 2020},
	language = {en},
	author = {Newman, Nic and Fletcher, Richard and Schulz, Anne and Simge, Andi and Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {112},
}



@article{moeller_beyond_2018,
	title = {Beyond the filter bubble: {Concepts}, myths, evidence and issues for future debates},
	shorttitle = {Beyond the filter bubble},
	url = {https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=478edb9e-8296-4a84-9631-c7360d593610},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2019-06-12},
	author = {Moeller, J. and Helberger, N.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2018},
}



@misc{livingstone_changing_2003,
	type = {Monograph},
	title = {The changing nature and uses of media literacy},
	url = {http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse},
	abstract = {The more that information and communication technologies become central to modern society, the more it is imperative to identify, and to manage the development of the skills and abilities required to use them. Within both academic and policy discourses, the concept of media literacy is being extended from its traditional focus on print and audiovisual media to encompass the internet and other new media. Hence, even though the concept of literacy has itself long proved contentious, there is widespread speculation regarding supposedly new forms of literacy – variously termed computer literacy, internet literacy, cyber-literacy, and so forth. The present article addresses three central questions currently facing the public, policy-makers and academy: What is media literacy? How is it changing? And what are the uses of literacy? The article begins with a definition: media literacy is the ability to access, analyse, evaluate and create messages across a variety of contexts. This four-component model is then examined for its applicability to the internet, as follows: • Access rests on a dynamic and social process, not a one-off act of provision. Once initial access is established, developing literacy leads users to alter significantly and continually the conditions of access (updating, upgrading and extending hardware and software applications). Problematically, given sociodemographic inequalities in material, social and symbolic resources, inequalities in access to online knowledge, communication and participation will continue. • People’s engagement with both print and audiovisual media has been shown to rely on a range of analytic competencies. In the audiovisual domain these include an understanding of the agency, categories, technologies, languages, representations and audiences for media. At present, not only is a parallel account of internet-related analytic skills highly underdeveloped but the public has yet to develop such skills and so to make the most of online opportunities. • There is little point in access or analysis without judgement, but a stress on evaluation raises, rightly, some difficult policy questions when specifying and legitimating appropriate bases of critical literacy – aesthetic, political, ideological and/or economic. The scope and purpose of evaluation is also disputed: is media literacy intended to promote a democratised, diverse, antielitist approach to online representations or should it underpin a more traditional, hierarchical discrimination of good from bad, authoritative from unauthorised, information and communication? • Although not all definitions of media literacy include the requirement to create, to produce symbolic texts, it is argued first, that people attain a deeper understanding of the conventions and merits of professionally produced material if they have direct experience of content production and second, that the internet par excellence is a medium which offers hitherto unimagined 1 The author wishes to thank John Carr, Peter Lunt, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. 2 opportunities for ordinary people to create online content. To exclude this from a definition of media literacy would be to greatly under-utilise the potential of the internet for the public. Having advocated this skills-based approach to media literacy in relation to the internet, the article identifies some outstanding issues for new media literacy, crucial to any policy of promoting media literacy among the population. • First, while insights from print and audiovisual media provide a valuable starting point, the literacy required for the use of new media, especially the internet, is also new in ways yet to be established. This is because media literacy is not reducible to a feature or skill of the user, but is better understood as a co-production of the interactive engagement between technology and user. Consequently, literacy is dependent on interface design and it changes as technology changes. • Second, the article examines the institutional interests at stake in promoting media literacy. Is media literacy intended to promote ideals of selfactualisation, cultural expression and aesthetic creativity or are these subordinate to the use of literacy to achieve a competitive advantage vital to a globalised information society? Or, is media literacy, like print literacy before it, conceived as the key means, even a right, by which citizens participate in society and by which the state regulates the manner and purposes of citizens’ participation? In conclusion, it is argued that literacy concerns the historically and culturally conditioned relationship among three processes: (i) the symbolic and material representation of knowledge, culture and values; (ii) the diffusion of interpretative skills and abilities across a (stratified) population; and (iii) the institutional, especially, the state management of the power that access to and skilled use of knowledge brings to those who are ‘literate’. This relationship among textuality, competence and power is grounded in a centuries-old struggle between enlightenment and critical scholarship, setting those who see literacy as democratising, empowering of ordinary people against those who see it as elitist, divisive, a source of inequality. Debates over literacy are, in short, debates about the manner and purposes of public participation in society. Without a democratic and critical approach to media literacy, the public will be positioned merely as selective receivers, consumers of online information and communication. The promise of media literacy, surely, is that it can form part of a strategy to reposition the media user - from passive to active, from recipient to participant, from consumer to citizen.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-01-31},
	author = {Livingstone, Sonia},
	year = {2003},
}



@article{klawitter_its_2018,
	title = {“{It}’s {Like} {Learning} a {Whole} {Other} {Language}”: {The} {Role} of {Algorithmic} {Skills} in the {Curation} of {Creative} {Goods}},
	volume = {12},
	abstract = {There is increasing concern and scholarship about how algorithms influence users’ online experiences. Yet, little of the work is empirical in nature, leaving many questions about
whether users recognize how algorithms affect their online actions and whether they can address the influence of algorithms skillfully. To address this gap, we draw on interviews with creative entrepreneurs from across the United States to examine the extent to which they understand how algorithms may impact their sales success. Participants reveal
varying levels of algorithmic skills, or know-how, when it comes to understanding how algorithms influence their content’s visibility. Although many recognize that algorithms affect who sees their wares online, only some know how to set things up so as to improve their chances of reaching potential customers.},
	journal = {International Journal of Communication},
	author = {Klawitter, Erin and Hargittai, Eszter},
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {Algorithmic optimization, Algorithmic skills, Internet skills, Lu Thibault, Qualitative Study},
	pages = {3490--3510},
}



@article{hobbs_seven_1998,
	title = {The {Seven} {Great} {Debates} in the {Media} {Literacy} {Movement}},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {0021-9916},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/48/1/16/4110072},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02734.x},
	abstract = {Renée Hobbs;  The Seven Great Debates in the Media Literacy Movement, Journal of Communication, Volume 48, Issue 1, 1 March 1998, Pages 16–32, https://doi.org/1},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2020-01-31},
	journal = {Journal of Communication},
	author = {Hobbs, Renée},
	month = mar,
	year = {1998},
	pages = {16--32},
}



@book{heidegger_question_1977,
	address = {New York},
	title = {The {Question} {Concerning} {Technology}, and {Other} {Essays}},
	abstract = {The advent of machine technology has given rise to some of the deepest problems of modern thought. This newly packaged collection featuring Martin Heidegger's celebrated essay "The Question Concerning Technology," is an essential landmark in the philosophy of science from one of the most influential and profound thinkers of the twentieth century.},
	language = {Anglais},
	publisher = {Harper},
	author = {Heidegger, Martin},
	year = {1977},
}



@inproceedings{hamilton_path_2014,
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	series = {{CHI} {EA} '14},
	title = {A {Path} to {Understanding} the {Effects} of {Algorithm} {Awareness}},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-2474-8},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2559206.2578883},
	doi = {10.1145/2559206.2578883},
	abstract = {The rise in prevalence of algorithmically curated feeds in online news and social media sites raises a new question for designers, critics, and scholars of media: how aware are users of the role of algorithms and filters in their news sources? This paper situates this problem within the history of design for interaction, with an emphasis on the contemporary challenges of studying, and designing for, the algorithmic "curation" of feeds. Such a problem presents particular challenges when, as is common, neither the user nor the researcher has access to the actual proprietary algorithms at work.},
	urldate = {2019-09-10},
	booktitle = {{CHI} '14 {Extended} {Abstracts} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
	publisher = {ACM},
	author = {Hamilton, Kevin and Karahalios, Karrie and Sandvig, Christian and Eslami, Motahhare},
	year = {2014},
	note = {event-place: Toronto, Ontario, Canada},
	keywords = {algorithms, design, infrastructure, perception, privacy, reverse engineering, social media, software studies, visualization},
	pages = {631--642},
}



@article{gould_data_2017,
	title = {Data {Literacy} is {Statistical} {Literacy}},
	volume = {16},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Statistics Education Research Journal},
	author = {Gould, Robert},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Algorithmic culture, Citizenship, Data Literacy definition, Lu Thibault, Statistical Literacy, participatory culture},
	pages = {22--25},
}



@article{gillespie_politics_2010,
	title = {The politics of ‘platforms’},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1461-4448},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738},
	doi = {10.1177/1461444809342738},
	abstract = {Online content providers such as YouTube are carefully positioning themselves to users, clients, advertisers and policymakers, making strategic claims for what they do and do not do, and how their place in the information landscape should be understood. One term in particular, ‘platform’, reveals the contours of this discursive work. The term has been deployed in both their populist appeals and their marketing pitches, sometimes as technical ‘platforms’, sometimes as ‘platforms’ from which to speak, sometimes as ‘platforms’ of opportunity. Whatever tensions exist in serving all of these constituencies are carefully elided. The term also fits their efforts to shape information policy, where they seek protection for facilitating user expression, yet also seek limited liability for what those users say. As these providers become the curators of public discourse, we must examine the roles they aim to play, and the terms by which they hope to be judged.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2019-06-12},
	journal = {New Media \& Society},
	author = {Gillespie, Tarleton},
	month = may,
	year = {2010},
	pages = {347--364},
}



@techreport{kitchin_towards_2014,
	address = {Rochester, NY},
	type = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},
	title = {Towards {Critical} {Data} {Studies}: {Charting} and {Unpacking} {Data} {Assemblages} and {Their} {Work}},
	shorttitle = {Towards {Critical} {Data} {Studies}},
	url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2474112},
	abstract = {The growth of big data and the development of digital data infrastructures raises numerous questions about the nature of data, how they are being produced, organized, analyzed and employed, and how best to make sense of them and the work they do.  Critical data studies endeavours to answer such questions.  This paper sets out a vision for critical data studies, building on the initial provocations of Dalton and Thatcher (2014).  It is divided into three sections.  The first details the recent step change in the production and employment of data and how data and databases are being reconceptualised.  The second forwards the notion of a data assemblage that encompasses all of the technological, political, social and economic apparatuses and elements that constitutes and frames the generation, circulation and deployment of data.  Drawing on the ideas of Michel Foucault and Ian Hacking it is posited that one way to enact critical data studies is to chart and unpack data assemblages.  The third starts to unpack some the ways that data assemblages do work in the world with respect to dataveillance and the erosion of privacy, profiling and social sorting, anticipatory governance, and secondary uses and control creep.  The paper concludes by arguing for greater conceptual work and empirical research to underpin and flesh out critical data studies.},
	language = {en},
	number = {ID 2474112},
	urldate = {2020-06-08},
	institution = {Social Science Research Network},
	author = {Kitchin, Rob and Lauriault, Tracey},
	month = jul,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {big data, civil liberties, critical data studies, data assemblages, data infrastructures},
}



@inproceedings{khan_toward_2018,
	title = {Toward an {Understanding} of {Data} {Literacy}},
	copyright = {Copyright 2018 is held by Hammad Khan, Jeonghyun Kim, Hsia-Ching Chang. Copyright permissions, when appropriate, must be obtained directly from the authors.},
	url = {https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/100243},
	abstract = {As the interest in data grows, much attention has been paid to data literacy, and multiple perspectives and understandings to define data literacy have emerged from varying conceptual contexts. However, there remains a lack of agreement regarding the scope of data literacy across disciplines. This study attempts to define data literacy holistically through a meta-synthesis approach. The study found three distinct themes for data literacy: as skills required for data-driven decision making, as activities for research data services, and a set of practices for data lifecycle.},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2019-09-20},
	author = {Khan, Hammad R. and Kim, Jeonghyun and Chang, Hsia-Ching},
	year = {2018},
}



@article{kellner_toward_2005,
	title = {Toward {Critical} {Media} {Literacy}: {Core} concepts, debates, organizations, and policy},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {0159-6306},
	shorttitle = {Toward {Critical} {Media} {Literacy}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200169},
	doi = {10.1080/01596300500200169},
	abstract = {Media literacy education is not as advanced in the USA as in several other English speaking areas, such as Great Britain, Canada, and Australia. Despite decades of struggle since the 1970s by individuals and groups, media education is still only reaching a small percentage of K–12 schools in the US. While some major inroads have been made, such as getting elements of media literacy included in most of the 50 state's educational standards and the launching of two national media education organizations, most teachers and students in the USA are not aware of issues involved in media literacy education. In this paper we set forth some models of media literacy, delineate key concepts of critical media literacy, and then examine some of the most active organizations in the USA and differences in their goals and pedagogy.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2020-01-31},
	journal = {Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education},
	author = {Kellner, Douglas and Share, Jeff},
	month = sep,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {369--386},
}



@techreport{guess_why_2018,
	title = {Why selective exposure to like-minded political news is less prevalent than you think},
	language = {en},
	institution = {Knight Foundation},
	author = {Guess, Andrew and Nyhan, Brendan and Lyons, Benjamin and Reifler, Jason},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {25},
}



@book{forquin_ecole_1996,
	address = {Paris},
	edition = {2e éd},
	series = {Pédagogies en développement},
	title = {École et culture: le point des sociologues britanniques},
	isbn = {978-2-8041-2271-3},
	shorttitle = {École et culture},
	language = {fre},
	publisher = {De Boeck Université},
	author = {Forquin, Jean-Claude},
	year = {1996},
	note = {OCLC: 243869610},
}



@article{fletcher_are_2018,
	title = {Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media? {A} comparative analysis},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1461-4448},
	shorttitle = {Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media?},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170},
	doi = {10.1177/1461444817724170},
	abstract = {Scholars have questioned the potential for incidental exposure in high-choice media environments. We use online survey data to examine incidental exposure to news on social media (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter) in four countries (Italy, Australia, United Kingdom, United States). Leaving aside those who say they intentionally use social media for news, we compare the number of online news sources used by social media users who do not see it as a news platform, but may come across news while using it (the incidentally exposed), with people who do not use social media at all (non-users). We find that (a) the incidentally exposed users use significantly more online news sources than non-users, (b) the effect of incidental exposure is stronger for younger people and those with low interest in news and (c) stronger for users of YouTube and Twitter than for users of Facebook.},
	language = {en},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2020-03-21},
	journal = {New Media \& Society},
	author = {Fletcher, Richard and Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis},
	month = jul,
	year = {2018},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},
	pages = {2450--2468},
}



@article{fletcher_are_2017,
	title = {Are {News} {Audiences} {Increasingly} {Fragmented}? {A} {Cross}-{National} {Comparative} {Analysis} of {Cross}-{Platform} {News} {Audience} {Fragmentation} and {Duplication}},
	volume = {67},
	issn = {0021-9916},
	shorttitle = {Are {News} {Audiences} {Increasingly} {Fragmented}?},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/67/4/476/4642154},
	doi = {10.1111/jcom.12315},
	abstract = {Abstract.  The move to high-choice media environments has sparked fears over audience fragmentation. We analyze news audiences across media platforms (print, te},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2020-03-21},
	journal = {Journal of Communication},
	author = {Fletcher, Richard and Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis},
	month = aug,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher: Oxford Academic},
	pages = {476--498},
}



@book{feenberg_between_2010,
	address = {Cambridge, Mass},
	series = {Inside technology},
	title = {Between reason and experience: essays in technology and modernity},
	isbn = {978-0-262-51425-5},
	shorttitle = {Between reason and experience},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	author = {Feenberg, Andrew},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Civilization, Modern, Philosophy, Social aspects, Technology},
}
\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-download fa-fw\"></i> Download BibTeX\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"//bibbase.org/rss?bib=https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/items?key=GyU6I7tMiGHiXbit6Q3fBfbA&amp;format=bibtex&amp;limit=100\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-rss fa-fw\"></i> RSS Feed\n          </a>\n          </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n      \n\n\n      \n    </ul>\n\n\n    <div class=\"alert alert-success bibbase_msg\" id=\"bibbase_msg_embed\"\n         style=\"display: none;\">\n\n      Excellent! 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To use this list on your own web site\n      or create a new web site from it,\n      <a href=\"/network/register?next=/network/newAccountWithFile%3FfileId=\"\n      >create a free account</a>. The file will be added\n      and you will be able to edit it in the File Manager.\n      We will show you instructions once you've created your account.\n    </div>\n\n    <div class=\"alert alert-warning bibbase_msg\" id=\"bibbase_msg_mendeley1\"\n         style=\"display: none;\">\n\n      <p>To the site owner:</p>\n\n      <p><strong>Action required!</strong> Mendeley is changing its\n        API. In order to keep using Mendeley with BibBase past April\n        14th, you need to:\n        <ol>\n          <li>renew the authorization for BibBase on Mendeley, and</li>\n          <li>update the BibBase URL\n            in your page the same way you did when you initially set up\n            this page.\n          </li>\n        </ol>\n      </p>\n\n      <p>\n        <a href=\"http://bibbase.org/cgi-bin/mendeley2/get.py\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\"></i>\n          Fix it now</a>\n      </p>\n    </div>\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_body\">\n    \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2020\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2020</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"newman-fletcher-schulz-simge-nielsen-reutersinstitutedigitalnewsreport2020-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Newman, N.; Fletcher, R.; Schulz, A.; Simge, A.;  and Nielsen, R. K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Technical Report  2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/newman-fletcher-schulz-simge-nielsen-reutersinstitutedigitalnewsreport2020-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('newman-fletcher-schulz-simge-nielsen-reutersinstitutedigitalnewsreport2020-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@techreport{newman_reuters_2020,\n\ttitle = {Reuters {Institute} {Digital} {News} {Report} 2020},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tauthor = {Newman, Nic and Fletcher, Richard and Schulz, Anne and Simge, Andi and Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {112},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2019\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2019</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bod-helberger-eskens-mller-interestedindiversity-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bod-helberger-eskens-mller-interestedindiversity-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292', event);\">\n    Interested in Diversity.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bodó, B.; Helberger, N.; Eskens, S.;  and Möller, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Digital Journalism</i>, 7(2): 206–229. February 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bod-helberger-eskens-mller-interestedindiversity-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interested in Diversity [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bod-helberger-eskens-mller-interestedindiversity-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bod-helberger-eskens-mller-interestedindiversity-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bod-helberger-eskens-mller-interestedindiversity-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{bodo_interested_2019,\n\ttitle = {Interested in {Diversity}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {2167-0811},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292},\n\tabstract = {Using survey evidence from the Netherlands, we explore the factors that influence news readers’ attitudes toward news personalization. We show that the value of personalization depends on commonly overlooked factors, such as concerns about a shared news sphere, and the depth and diversity of recommendations. However, these expectations are not universal. Younger, less educated users have little exposure to non-personalized news, and they also show little concern about diverse news recommendations. We discuss the policy implications of our findings. We show that quality news organizations that pursue reader loyalty and trust have a strong incentive to implement personalization algorithms that help them achieve these particular goals by taking into account diversity expecting user attitudes and providing high quality recommendations. Diversity-valuing news readers are thus well placed to be served by diversity-enhancing recommender algorithms. However, some users are in danger of being left out of this positive feedback loop. We make specific policy suggestions regarding how to address the issue of diversity-reducing feedback loops, and encourage the development of diversity-enhancing ones.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2021-01-27},\n\tjournal = {Digital Journalism},\n\tauthor = {Bodó, Balázs and Helberger, Natali and Eskens, Sarah and Möller, Judith},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292},\n\tkeywords = {news, personalization, survey, the Netherlands, user attitudes},\n\tpages = {206--229},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Using survey evidence from the Netherlands, we explore the factors that influence news readers’ attitudes toward news personalization. We show that the value of personalization depends on commonly overlooked factors, such as concerns about a shared news sphere, and the depth and diversity of recommendations. However, these expectations are not universal. Younger, less educated users have little exposure to non-personalized news, and they also show little concern about diverse news recommendations. We discuss the policy implications of our findings. We show that quality news organizations that pursue reader loyalty and trust have a strong incentive to implement personalization algorithms that help them achieve these particular goals by taking into account diversity expecting user attitudes and providing high quality recommendations. Diversity-valuing news readers are thus well placed to be served by diversity-enhancing recommender algorithms. However, some users are in danger of being left out of this positive feedback loop. We make specific policy suggestions regarding how to address the issue of diversity-reducing feedback loops, and encourage the development of diversity-enhancing ones.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"vandeneede-thebeautyofdetoursabatesonianphilosophyoftechnology-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The beauty of detours: a Batesonian philosophy of technology.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Van Den Eede, Y.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  State University of New York, Albany,  2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/vandeneede-thebeautyofdetoursabatesonianphilosophyoftechnology-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('vandeneede-thebeautyofdetoursabatesonianphilosophyoftechnology-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{van_den_eede_beauty_2019,\n\taddress = {Albany},\n\ttitle = {The beauty of detours: a {Batesonian} philosophy of technology},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4384-7711-4},\n\tshorttitle = {The beauty of detours},\n\tpublisher = {State University of New York},\n\tauthor = {Van Den Eede, Yoni},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Bateson, Gregory, Philosophy, Technology},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2018\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2018</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (7)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"plantin-lagoze-edwards-sandvig-infrastructurestudiesmeetplatformstudiesintheageofgoogleandfacebook-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'plantin-lagoze-edwards-sandvig-infrastructurestudiesmeetplatformstudiesintheageofgoogleandfacebook-2018', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553', event);\">\n    Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of Google and Facebook.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Plantin, J.; Lagoze, C.; Edwards, P. N;  and Sandvig, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>New Media & Society</i>, 20(1): 293–310. January 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('plantin-lagoze-edwards-sandvig-infrastructurestudiesmeetplatformstudiesintheageofgoogleandfacebook-2018', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of Google and Facebook [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('plantin-lagoze-edwards-sandvig-infrastructurestudiesmeetplatformstudiesintheageofgoogleandfacebook-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/plantin-lagoze-edwards-sandvig-infrastructurestudiesmeetplatformstudiesintheageofgoogleandfacebook-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('plantin-lagoze-edwards-sandvig-infrastructurestudiesmeetplatformstudiesintheageofgoogleandfacebook-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{plantin_infrastructure_2018,\n\ttitle = {Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of {Google} and {Facebook}},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1461-4448},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1461444816661553},\n\tabstract = {Two theoretical approaches have recently emerged to characterize new digital objects of study in the media landscape: infrastructure studies and platform studies. Despite their separate origins and different features, we demonstrate in this article how the cross-articulation of these two perspectives improves our understanding of current digital media. We use case studies of the Open Web, Facebook, and Google to demonstrate that infrastructure studies provides a valuable approach to the evolution of shared, widely accessible systems and services of the type often provided or regulated by governments in the public interest. On the other hand, platform studies captures how communication and expression are both enabled and constrained by new digital systems and new media. In these environments, platform-based services acquire characteristics of infrastructure, while both new and existing infrastructures are built or reorganized on the logic of platforms. We conclude by underlining the potential of this combined framework for future case studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-09-09},\n\tjournal = {New Media \\&amp; Society},\n\tauthor = {Plantin, Jean-Christophe and Lagoze, Carl and Edwards, Paul N and Sandvig, Christian},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {293--310},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Two theoretical approaches have recently emerged to characterize new digital objects of study in the media landscape: infrastructure studies and platform studies. Despite their separate origins and different features, we demonstrate in this article how the cross-articulation of these two perspectives improves our understanding of current digital media. We use case studies of the Open Web, Facebook, and Google to demonstrate that infrastructure studies provides a valuable approach to the evolution of shared, widely accessible systems and services of the type often provided or regulated by governments in the public interest. On the other hand, platform studies captures how communication and expression are both enabled and constrained by new digital systems and new media. In these environments, platform-based services acquire characteristics of infrastructure, while both new and existing infrastructures are built or reorganized on the logic of platforms. We conclude by underlining the potential of this combined framework for future case studies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pangrazio-selwyn-personaldataliteraciesacriticalliteraciesapproachtoenhancingunderstandingsofpersonaldigitaldata-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444818799523\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'pangrazio-selwyn-personaldataliteraciesacriticalliteraciesapproachtoenhancingunderstandingsofpersonaldigitaldata-2018', 'https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444818799523', event);\">\n    ‘Personal data literacies’: A critical literacies approach to enhancing understandings of personal digital data:.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pangrazio, L.;  and Selwyn, N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>New Media & Society</i>.  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444818799523\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pangrazio-selwyn-personaldataliteraciesacriticalliteraciesapproachtoenhancingunderstandingsofpersonaldigitaldata-2018', 'https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444818799523', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"‘Personal data literacies’: A critical literacies approach to enhancing understandings of personal digital data: [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818799523\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pangrazio-selwyn-personaldataliteraciesacriticalliteraciesapproachtoenhancingunderstandingsofpersonaldigitaldata-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818799523', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pangrazio-selwyn-personaldataliteraciesacriticalliteraciesapproachtoenhancingunderstandingsofpersonaldigitaldata-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pangrazio-selwyn-personaldataliteraciesacriticalliteraciesapproachtoenhancingunderstandingsofpersonaldigitaldata-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{pangrazio_personal_2018,\n\ttitle = {‘{Personal} data literacies’: {A} critical literacies approach to enhancing understandings of personal digital data:},\n\tshorttitle = {‘{Personal} data literacies’},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444818799523},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1461444818799523},\n\tabstract = {The capacity to understand and control one’s personal data is now a crucial part of living in contemporary society. In this sense, traditional concerns over sup...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-06-01},\n\tjournal = {New Media \\&amp; Society},\n\tauthor = {Pangrazio, Luci and Selwyn, Neil},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The capacity to understand and control one’s personal data is now a crucial part of living in contemporary society. In this sense, traditional concerns over sup...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"moeller-helberger-beyondthefilterbubbleconceptsmythsevidenceandissuesforfuturedebates-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=478edb9e-8296-4a84-9631-c7360d593610\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'moeller-helberger-beyondthefilterbubbleconceptsmythsevidenceandissuesforfuturedebates-2018', 'https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=478edb9e-8296-4a84-9631-c7360d593610', event);\">\n    Beyond the filter bubble: Concepts, myths, evidence and issues for future debates.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Moeller, J.;  and Helberger, N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  . June 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=478edb9e-8296-4a84-9631-c7360d593610\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('moeller-helberger-beyondthefilterbubbleconceptsmythsevidenceandissuesforfuturedebates-2018', 'https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=478edb9e-8296-4a84-9631-c7360d593610', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Beyond the filter bubble: Concepts, myths, evidence and issues for future debates [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/moeller-helberger-beyondthefilterbubbleconceptsmythsevidenceandissuesforfuturedebates-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('moeller-helberger-beyondthefilterbubbleconceptsmythsevidenceandissuesforfuturedebates-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{moeller_beyond_2018,\n\ttitle = {Beyond the filter bubble: {Concepts}, myths, evidence and issues for future debates},\n\tshorttitle = {Beyond the filter bubble},\n\turl = {https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=478edb9e-8296-4a84-9631-c7360d593610},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2019-06-12},\n\tauthor = {Moeller, J. and Helberger, N.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"klawitter-hargittai-itslikelearningawholeotherlanguagetheroleofalgorithmicskillsinthecurationofcreativegoods-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  “It’s Like Learning a Whole Other Language”: The Role of Algorithmic Skills in the Curation of Creative Goods.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Klawitter, E.;  and Hargittai, E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Journal of Communication</i>, 12: 3490–3510.  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/klawitter-hargittai-itslikelearningawholeotherlanguagetheroleofalgorithmicskillsinthecurationofcreativegoods-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('klawitter-hargittai-itslikelearningawholeotherlanguagetheroleofalgorithmicskillsinthecurationofcreativegoods-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{klawitter_its_2018,\n\ttitle = {“{It}’s {Like} {Learning} a {Whole} {Other} {Language}”: {The} {Role} of {Algorithmic} {Skills} in the {Curation} of {Creative} {Goods}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tabstract = {There is increasing concern and scholarship about how algorithms influence users’ online experiences. Yet, little of the work is empirical in nature, leaving many questions about\nwhether users recognize how algorithms affect their online actions and whether they can address the influence of algorithms skillfully. To address this gap, we draw on interviews with creative entrepreneurs from across the United States to examine the extent to which they understand how algorithms may impact their sales success. Participants reveal\nvarying levels of algorithmic skills, or know-how, when it comes to understanding how algorithms influence their content’s visibility. Although many recognize that algorithms affect who sees their wares online, only some know how to set things up so as to improve their chances of reaching potential customers.},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Communication},\n\tauthor = {Klawitter, Erin and Hargittai, Eszter},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Algorithmic optimization, Algorithmic skills, Internet skills, Lu Thibault, Qualitative Study},\n\tpages = {3490--3510},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  There is increasing concern and scholarship about how algorithms influence users’ online experiences. Yet, little of the work is empirical in nature, leaving many questions about whether users recognize how algorithms affect their online actions and whether they can address the influence of algorithms skillfully. To address this gap, we draw on interviews with creative entrepreneurs from across the United States to examine the extent to which they understand how algorithms may impact their sales success. Participants reveal varying levels of algorithmic skills, or know-how, when it comes to understanding how algorithms influence their content’s visibility. Although many recognize that algorithms affect who sees their wares online, only some know how to set things up so as to improve their chances of reaching potential customers.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"khan-kim-chang-towardanunderstandingofdataliteracy-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/100243\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'khan-kim-chang-towardanunderstandingofdataliteracy-2018', 'https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/100243', event);\">\n    Toward an Understanding of Data Literacy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Khan, H. R.; Kim, J.;  and Chang, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In  2018. \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/100243\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('khan-kim-chang-towardanunderstandingofdataliteracy-2018', 'https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/100243', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Toward an Understanding of Data Literacy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/khan-kim-chang-towardanunderstandingofdataliteracy-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('khan-kim-chang-towardanunderstandingofdataliteracy-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{khan_toward_2018,\n\ttitle = {Toward an {Understanding} of {Data} {Literacy}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright 2018 is held by Hammad Khan, Jeonghyun Kim, Hsia-Ching Chang. Copyright permissions, when appropriate, must be obtained directly from the authors.},\n\turl = {https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/100243},\n\tabstract = {As the interest in data grows, much attention has been paid to data literacy, and multiple perspectives and understandings to define data literacy have emerged from varying conceptual contexts. However, there remains a lack of agreement regarding the scope of data literacy across disciplines. This study attempts to define data literacy holistically through a meta-synthesis approach. The study found three distinct themes for data literacy: as skills required for data-driven decision making, as activities for research data services, and a set of practices for data lifecycle.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2019-09-20},\n\tauthor = {Khan, Hammad R. and Kim, Jeonghyun and Chang, Hsia-Ching},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  As the interest in data grows, much attention has been paid to data literacy, and multiple perspectives and understandings to define data literacy have emerged from varying conceptual contexts. However, there remains a lack of agreement regarding the scope of data literacy across disciplines. This study attempts to define data literacy holistically through a meta-synthesis approach. The study found three distinct themes for data literacy: as skills required for data-driven decision making, as activities for research data services, and a set of practices for data lifecycle.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"guess-nyhan-lyons-reifler-whyselectiveexposuretolikemindedpoliticalnewsislessprevalentthanyouthink-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Why selective exposure to like-minded political news is less prevalent than you think.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Guess, A.; Nyhan, B.; Lyons, B.;  and Reifler, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Technical Report Knight Foundation,  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/guess-nyhan-lyons-reifler-whyselectiveexposuretolikemindedpoliticalnewsislessprevalentthanyouthink-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('guess-nyhan-lyons-reifler-whyselectiveexposuretolikemindedpoliticalnewsislessprevalentthanyouthink-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@techreport{guess_why_2018,\n\ttitle = {Why selective exposure to like-minded political news is less prevalent than you think},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tinstitution = {Knight Foundation},\n\tauthor = {Guess, Andrew and Nyhan, Brendan and Lyons, Benjamin and Reifler, Jason},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {25},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fletcher-nielsen-arepeopleincidentallyexposedtonewsonsocialmediaacomparativeanalysis-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fletcher-nielsen-arepeopleincidentallyexposedtonewsonsocialmediaacomparativeanalysis-2018', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170', event);\">\n    Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media? A comparative analysis.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fletcher, R.;  and Nielsen, R. K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>New Media & Society</i>, 20(7): 2450–2468. July 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fletcher-nielsen-arepeopleincidentallyexposedtonewsonsocialmediaacomparativeanalysis-2018', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media? A comparative analysis [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fletcher-nielsen-arepeopleincidentallyexposedtonewsonsocialmediaacomparativeanalysis-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fletcher-nielsen-arepeopleincidentallyexposedtonewsonsocialmediaacomparativeanalysis-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fletcher-nielsen-arepeopleincidentallyexposedtonewsonsocialmediaacomparativeanalysis-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{fletcher_are_2018,\n\ttitle = {Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media? {A} comparative analysis},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1461-4448},\n\tshorttitle = {Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1461444817724170},\n\tabstract = {Scholars have questioned the potential for incidental exposure in high-choice media environments. We use online survey data to examine incidental exposure to news on social media (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter) in four countries (Italy, Australia, United Kingdom, United States). Leaving aside those who say they intentionally use social media for news, we compare the number of online news sources used by social media users who do not see it as a news platform, but may come across news while using it (the incidentally exposed), with people who do not use social media at all (non-users). We find that (a) the incidentally exposed users use significantly more online news sources than non-users, (b) the effect of incidental exposure is stronger for younger people and those with low interest in news and (c) stronger for users of YouTube and Twitter than for users of Facebook.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2020-03-21},\n\tjournal = {New Media \\&amp; Society},\n\tauthor = {Fletcher, Richard and Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\n\tpages = {2450--2468},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Scholars have questioned the potential for incidental exposure in high-choice media environments. We use online survey data to examine incidental exposure to news on social media (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter) in four countries (Italy, Australia, United Kingdom, United States). Leaving aside those who say they intentionally use social media for news, we compare the number of online news sources used by social media users who do not see it as a news platform, but may come across news while using it (the incidentally exposed), with people who do not use social media at all (non-users). We find that (a) the incidentally exposed users use significantly more online news sources than non-users, (b) the effect of incidental exposure is stronger for younger people and those with low interest in news and (c) stronger for users of YouTube and Twitter than for users of Facebook.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2017\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2017</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (7)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yeung-hypernudgebigdataasamodeofregulationbydesign-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yeung-hypernudgebigdataasamodeofregulationbydesign-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713', event);\">\n    ‘Hypernudge’: Big Data as a mode of regulation by design.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yeung, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Information, Communication & Society</i>, 20(1): 118–136. January 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yeung-hypernudgebigdataasamodeofregulationbydesign-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"‘Hypernudge’: Big Data as a mode of regulation by design [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yeung-hypernudgebigdataasamodeofregulationbydesign-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yeung-hypernudgebigdataasamodeofregulationbydesign-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yeung-hypernudgebigdataasamodeofregulationbydesign-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yeung_hypernudge_2017,\n\ttitle = {‘{Hypernudge}’: {Big} {Data} as a mode of regulation by design},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1369-118X},\n\tshorttitle = {‘{Hypernudge}’},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713},\n\tabstract = {This paper draws on regulatory governance scholarship to argue that the analytic phenomenon currently known as ‘Big Data’ can be understood as a mode of ‘design-based’ regulation. Although Big Data decision-making technologies can take the form of automated decision-making systems, this paper focuses on algorithmic decision-guidance techniques. By highlighting correlations between data items that would not otherwise be observable, these techniques are being used to shape the informational choice context in which individual decision-making occurs, with the aim of channelling attention and decision-making in directions preferred by the ‘choice architect’. By relying upon the use of ‘nudge’ – a particular form of choice architecture that alters people’s behaviour in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives, these techniques constitute a ‘soft’ form of design-based control. But, unlike the static Nudges popularised by Thaler and Sunstein [(2008). Nudge. London: Penguin Books] such as placing the salad in front of the lasagne to encourage healthy eating, Big Data analytic nudges are extremely powerful and potent due to their networked, continuously updated, dynamic and pervasive nature (hence ‘hypernudge’). I adopt a liberal, rights-based critique of these techniques, contrasting liberal theoretical accounts with selective insights from science and technology studies (STS) and surveillance studies on the other. I argue that concerns about the legitimacy of these techniques are not satisfactorily resolved through reliance on individual notice and consent, touching upon the troubling implications for democracy and human flourishing if Big Data analytic techniques driven by commercial self-interest continue their onward march unchecked by effective and legitimate constraints.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-11-04},\n\tjournal = {Information, Communication \\&amp; Society},\n\tauthor = {Yeung, Karen},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Big Data, communication studies, law, regulation, social theory, surveillance/privacy},\n\tpages = {118--136},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This paper draws on regulatory governance scholarship to argue that the analytic phenomenon currently known as ‘Big Data’ can be understood as a mode of ‘design-based’ regulation. Although Big Data decision-making technologies can take the form of automated decision-making systems, this paper focuses on algorithmic decision-guidance techniques. By highlighting correlations between data items that would not otherwise be observable, these techniques are being used to shape the informational choice context in which individual decision-making occurs, with the aim of channelling attention and decision-making in directions preferred by the ‘choice architect’. By relying upon the use of ‘nudge’ – a particular form of choice architecture that alters people’s behaviour in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives, these techniques constitute a ‘soft’ form of design-based control. But, unlike the static Nudges popularised by Thaler and Sunstein [(2008). Nudge. London: Penguin Books] such as placing the salad in front of the lasagne to encourage healthy eating, Big Data analytic nudges are extremely powerful and potent due to their networked, continuously updated, dynamic and pervasive nature (hence ‘hypernudge’). I adopt a liberal, rights-based critique of these techniques, contrasting liberal theoretical accounts with selective insights from science and technology studies (STS) and surveillance studies on the other. I argue that concerns about the legitimacy of these techniques are not satisfactorily resolved through reliance on individual notice and consent, touching upon the troubling implications for democracy and human flourishing if Big Data analytic techniques driven by commercial self-interest continue their onward march unchecked by effective and legitimate constraints.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kunaver-porl-diversityinrecommendersystemsasurvey-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705117300680\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kunaver-porl-diversityinrecommendersystemsasurvey-2017', 'http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705117300680', event);\">\n    Diversity in recommender systems – A survey.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kunaver, M.;  and Požrl, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Knowledge-Based Systems</i>, 123: 154–162. May 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705117300680\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kunaver-porl-diversityinrecommendersystemsasurvey-2017', 'http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705117300680', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Diversity in recommender systems – A survey [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2017.02.009\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kunaver-porl-diversityinrecommendersystemsasurvey-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2017.02.009', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kunaver-porl-diversityinrecommendersystemsasurvey-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kunaver-porl-diversityinrecommendersystemsasurvey-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kunaver_diversity_2017,\n\ttitle = {Diversity in recommender systems – {A} survey},\n\tvolume = {123},\n\tissn = {0950-7051},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705117300680},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.knosys.2017.02.009},\n\tabstract = {Diversification has become one of the leading topics of recommender system research not only as a way to solve the over-fitting problem but also an approach to increasing the quality of the user’s experience with the recommender system. This article aims to provide an overview of research done on this topic from one of the first mentions of diversity in 2001 until now. The articles ,and research, have been divided into three sub-topics for a better overview of the work done in the field of recommendation diversification: the definition and evaluation of diversity; the impact of diversification on the quality of recommendation results and the development of diversification algorithms themselves. In this way, the article aims both to offer a good overview to a researcher looking for the state-of-the-art on this topic and to help a new developer get familiar with the topic.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2019-11-04},\n\tjournal = {Knowledge-Based Systems},\n\tauthor = {Kunaver, Matevž and Požrl, Tomaž},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Diversity, Personalization, Recommender system},\n\tpages = {154--162},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Diversification has become one of the leading topics of recommender system research not only as a way to solve the over-fitting problem but also an approach to increasing the quality of the user’s experience with the recommender system. This article aims to provide an overview of research done on this topic from one of the first mentions of diversity in 2001 until now. The articles ,and research, have been divided into three sub-topics for a better overview of the work done in the field of recommendation diversification: the definition and evaluation of diversity; the impact of diversification on the quality of recommendation results and the development of diversification algorithms themselves. In this way, the article aims both to offer a good overview to a researcher looking for the state-of-the-art on this topic and to help a new developer get familiar with the topic.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"drosou-jagadish-pitoura-stoyanovich-diversityinbigdataareview-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/big.2016.0054\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'drosou-jagadish-pitoura-stoyanovich-diversityinbigdataareview-2017', 'https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/big.2016.0054', event);\">\n    Diversity in Big Data: A Review.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Drosou, M.; Jagadish, H.; Pitoura, E.;  and Stoyanovich, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Big Data</i>, 5(2): 73–84. June 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/big.2016.0054\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('drosou-jagadish-pitoura-stoyanovich-diversityinbigdataareview-2017', 'https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/big.2016.0054', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Diversity in Big Data: A Review [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1089/big.2016.0054\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('drosou-jagadish-pitoura-stoyanovich-diversityinbigdataareview-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1089/big.2016.0054', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/drosou-jagadish-pitoura-stoyanovich-diversityinbigdataareview-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('drosou-jagadish-pitoura-stoyanovich-diversityinbigdataareview-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{drosou_diversity_2017,\n\ttitle = {Diversity in {Big} {Data}: {A} {Review}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2167-6461},\n\tshorttitle = {Diversity in {Big} {Data}},\n\turl = {https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/big.2016.0054},\n\tdoi = {10.1089/big.2016.0054},\n\tabstract = {Big data technology offers unprecedented opportunities to society as a whole and also to its individual members. At the same time, this technology poses significant risks to those it overlooks. In this article, we give an overview of recent technical work on diversity, particularly in selection tasks, discuss connections between diversity and fairness, and identify promising directions for future work that will position diversity as an important component of a data-responsible society. We argue that diversity should come to the forefront of our discourse, for reasons that are both ethical—to mitigate the risks of exclusion—and utilitarian, to enable more powerful, accurate, and engaging data analysis and use.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2019-11-04},\n\tjournal = {Big Data},\n\tauthor = {Drosou, Marina and Jagadish, H.v. and Pitoura, Evaggelia and Stoyanovich, Julia},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {73--84},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Big data technology offers unprecedented opportunities to society as a whole and also to its individual members. At the same time, this technology poses significant risks to those it overlooks. In this article, we give an overview of recent technical work on diversity, particularly in selection tasks, discuss connections between diversity and fairness, and identify promising directions for future work that will position diversity as an important component of a data-responsible society. We argue that diversity should come to the forefront of our discourse, for reasons that are both ethical—to mitigate the risks of exclusion—and utilitarian, to enable more powerful, accurate, and engaging data analysis and use.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"spohr-fakenewsandideologicalpolarizationfilterbubblesandselectiveexposureonsocialmedia-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0266382117722446\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'spohr-fakenewsandideologicalpolarizationfilterbubblesandselectiveexposureonsocialmedia-2017', 'https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0266382117722446', event);\">\n    Fake news and ideological polarization: Filter bubbles and selective exposure on social media.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Spohr, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Business Information Review</i>. August 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0266382117722446\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('spohr-fakenewsandideologicalpolarizationfilterbubblesandselectiveexposureonsocialmedia-2017', 'https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0266382117722446', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Fake news and ideological polarization: Filter bubbles and selective exposure on social media [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0266382117722446\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('spohr-fakenewsandideologicalpolarizationfilterbubblesandselectiveexposureonsocialmedia-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0266382117722446', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/spohr-fakenewsandideologicalpolarizationfilterbubblesandselectiveexposureonsocialmedia-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('spohr-fakenewsandideologicalpolarizationfilterbubblesandselectiveexposureonsocialmedia-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{spohr_fake_2017,\n\ttitle = {Fake news and ideological polarization: {Filter} bubbles and selective exposure on social media},\n\tshorttitle = {Fake news and ideological polarization},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0266382117722446},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0266382117722446},\n\tabstract = {This article addresses questions of ideological polarization and the filter bubble in social media. It develops a theoretical analysis of ideological polarizati...},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-06-12},\n\tjournal = {Business Information Review},\n\tauthor = {Spohr, Dominic},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article addresses questions of ideological polarization and the filter bubble in social media. It develops a theoretical analysis of ideological polarizati...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"koltay-dataliteracyforresearchersanddatalibrarians-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'koltay-dataliteracyforresearchersanddatalibrarians-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450', event);\">\n    Data literacy for researchers and data librarians.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Koltay, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Librarianship and Information Science</i>, 49(1): 3–14. March 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('koltay-dataliteracyforresearchersanddatalibrarians-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Data literacy for researchers and data librarians [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('koltay-dataliteracyforresearchersanddatalibrarians-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/koltay-dataliteracyforresearchersanddatalibrarians-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('koltay-dataliteracyforresearchersanddatalibrarians-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{koltay_data_2017,\n\ttitle = {Data literacy for researchers and data librarians},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tissn = {0961-0006},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0961000615616450},\n\tabstract = {This paper describes data literacy and emphasizes its importance. Data literacy is vital for researchers who need to become data literate science workers and also for (potential) data management professionals. Its important characteristic is a close connection and similarity to information literacy. To support this argument, a review of literature was undertaken on the importance of data, and the data-intensive paradigm of scientific research, researchers’ expected and real behaviour, the nature of research data management, the possible roles of the academic library, data quality and data citation, Besides describing the nature of data literacy and enumerating the related skills, the application of phenomenographic approaches to data literacy and its relationship to the digital humanities have been identified as subjects for further investigation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-12-28},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Librarianship and Information Science},\n\tauthor = {Koltay, Tibor},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Big data, Data citation, Information Literacy, Lu Thibault, data curation, data librarian, data literacy, data quality, data sharing, research data management},\n\tpages = {3--14},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This paper describes data literacy and emphasizes its importance. Data literacy is vital for researchers who need to become data literate science workers and also for (potential) data management professionals. Its important characteristic is a close connection and similarity to information literacy. To support this argument, a review of literature was undertaken on the importance of data, and the data-intensive paradigm of scientific research, researchers’ expected and real behaviour, the nature of research data management, the possible roles of the academic library, data quality and data citation, Besides describing the nature of data literacy and enumerating the related skills, the application of phenomenographic approaches to data literacy and its relationship to the digital humanities have been identified as subjects for further investigation.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"gould-dataliteracyisstatisticalliteracy-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Data Literacy is Statistical Literacy.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Gould, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Statistics Education Research Journal</i>, 16(1): 22–25.  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/gould-dataliteracyisstatisticalliteracy-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('gould-dataliteracyisstatisticalliteracy-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{gould_data_2017,\n\ttitle = {Data {Literacy} is {Statistical} {Literacy}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Statistics Education Research Journal},\n\tauthor = {Gould, Robert},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Algorithmic culture, Citizenship, Data Literacy definition, Lu Thibault, Statistical Literacy, participatory culture},\n\tpages = {22--25},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fletcher-nielsen-arenewsaudiencesincreasinglyfragmentedacrossnationalcomparativeanalysisofcrossplatformnewsaudiencefragmentationandduplication-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/67/4/476/4642154\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fletcher-nielsen-arenewsaudiencesincreasinglyfragmentedacrossnationalcomparativeanalysisofcrossplatformnewsaudiencefragmentationandduplication-2017', 'https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/67/4/476/4642154', event);\">\n    Are News Audiences Increasingly Fragmented? A Cross-National Comparative Analysis of Cross-Platform News Audience Fragmentation and Duplication.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fletcher, R.;  and Nielsen, R. K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Communication</i>, 67(4): 476–498. August 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Oxford Academic</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/67/4/476/4642154\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fletcher-nielsen-arenewsaudiencesincreasinglyfragmentedacrossnationalcomparativeanalysisofcrossplatformnewsaudiencefragmentationandduplication-2017', 'https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/67/4/476/4642154', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Are News Audiences Increasingly Fragmented? A Cross-National Comparative Analysis of Cross-Platform News Audience Fragmentation and Duplication [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12315\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fletcher-nielsen-arenewsaudiencesincreasinglyfragmentedacrossnationalcomparativeanalysisofcrossplatformnewsaudiencefragmentationandduplication-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12315', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fletcher-nielsen-arenewsaudiencesincreasinglyfragmentedacrossnationalcomparativeanalysisofcrossplatformnewsaudiencefragmentationandduplication-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fletcher-nielsen-arenewsaudiencesincreasinglyfragmentedacrossnationalcomparativeanalysisofcrossplatformnewsaudiencefragmentationandduplication-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{fletcher_are_2017,\n\ttitle = {Are {News} {Audiences} {Increasingly} {Fragmented}? {A} {Cross}-{National} {Comparative} {Analysis} of {Cross}-{Platform} {News} {Audience} {Fragmentation} and {Duplication}},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\tissn = {0021-9916},\n\tshorttitle = {Are {News} {Audiences} {Increasingly} {Fragmented}?},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/67/4/476/4642154},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/jcom.12315},\n\tabstract = {Abstract.  The move to high-choice media environments has sparked fears over audience fragmentation. We analyze news audiences across media platforms (print, te},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-03-21},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Communication},\n\tauthor = {Fletcher, Richard and Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Oxford Academic},\n\tpages = {476--498},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Abstract. The move to high-choice media environments has sparked fears over audience fragmentation. We analyze news audiences across media platforms (print, te\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2016\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2016</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"stiegler-digitalstudiesorganologiedessavoirsettechnologiesdelaconnaissancebernardstiegler-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Digital Studies Organologie des savoirs et technologies de la connaissance - Bernard Stiegler.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Stiegler, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  FYP editions, July 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: BJ4uDwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/stiegler-digitalstudiesorganologiedessavoirsettechnologiesdelaconnaissancebernardstiegler-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('stiegler-digitalstudiesorganologiedessavoirsettechnologiesdelaconnaissancebernardstiegler-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{stiegler_digital_2016,\n\ttitle = {Digital {Studies} {Organologie} des savoirs et technologies de la connaissance - {Bernard} {Stiegler}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-36405-108-9},\n\tabstract = {Le numérique bouleverse les savoirs, et depuis quelques années a émergé le concept de digital humanities (humanités numériques), paradigme à travers lequel les sciences de l’homme et de la société prennent acte de ce devenir. Cet ouvrage, qui s’inscrit évidemment dans cette dynamique, pose cependant en principe que les digital humanities ne sont qu’une dimension de ce qu’il faut appréhender plus largement comme les digital studies, lesquelles concernent toutes les formes de savoirs, théoriques aussi bien que pratiques. Il soutient autrement dit que le numérique constitue une mutation globale des savoirs sous toutes leurs formes (scientifiques, artistiques, politiques, sociaux au sens le plus large, pratiques dans tous les domaines) qui pose des questions épistémologiques fondamentales et radicalement nouvelles. Le contexte géopolitique de cette réflexion — qui a donné lieu à la constitution d’un réseau international par l’Institut de recherche et d’innovation (cf. digital-studies.org) — est l’émergence d’une industrie planétaire des savoirs pour laquelle l’Amérique du Nord tente de constituer ce que l’on appelle désormais un smart power.},\n\tlanguage = {fr},\n\tpublisher = {FYP editions},\n\tauthor = {Stiegler, Bernard},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: BJ4uDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Le numérique bouleverse les savoirs, et depuis quelques années a émergé le concept de digital humanities (humanités numériques), paradigme à travers lequel les sciences de l’homme et de la société prennent acte de ce devenir. Cet ouvrage, qui s’inscrit évidemment dans cette dynamique, pose cependant en principe que les digital humanities ne sont qu’une dimension de ce qu’il faut appréhender plus largement comme les digital studies, lesquelles concernent toutes les formes de savoirs, théoriques aussi bien que pratiques. Il soutient autrement dit que le numérique constitue une mutation globale des savoirs sous toutes leurs formes (scientifiques, artistiques, politiques, sociaux au sens le plus large, pratiques dans tous les domaines) qui pose des questions épistémologiques fondamentales et radicalement nouvelles. Le contexte géopolitique de cette réflexion — qui a donné lieu à la constitution d’un réseau international par l’Institut de recherche et d’innovation (cf. digital-studies.org) — est l’émergence d’une industrie planétaire des savoirs pour laquelle l’Amérique du Nord tente de constituer ce que l’on appelle désormais un smart power.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"zuiderveenborgesius-trilling-mller-bod-vreese-helberger-shouldweworryaboutfilterbubbles-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/should-we-worry-about-filter-bubbles\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'zuiderveenborgesius-trilling-mller-bod-vreese-helberger-shouldweworryaboutfilterbubbles-2016', 'https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/should-we-worry-about-filter-bubbles', event);\">\n    Should we worry about filter bubbles?.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.; Trilling, D.; Möller, J.; Bodó, B.; Vreese, C. H. d.;  and Helberger, N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Internet Policy Review</i>. March 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/should-we-worry-about-filter-bubbles\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('zuiderveenborgesius-trilling-mller-bod-vreese-helberger-shouldweworryaboutfilterbubbles-2016', 'https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/should-we-worry-about-filter-bubbles', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Should we worry about filter bubbles? [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/zuiderveenborgesius-trilling-mller-bod-vreese-helberger-shouldweworryaboutfilterbubbles-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('zuiderveenborgesius-trilling-mller-bod-vreese-helberger-shouldweworryaboutfilterbubbles-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{zuiderveen_borgesius_should_2016,\n\ttitle = {Should we worry about filter bubbles?},\n\tissn = {2197-6775},\n\turl = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/should-we-worry-about-filter-bubbles},\n\tabstract = {Personalised news websites can have serious implications for democracy, but little is known about the extent and effects of personalisation.},\n\turldate = {2018-11-16},\n\tjournal = {Internet Policy Review},\n\tauthor = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, Frederik and Trilling, Damian and Möller, Judith and Bodó, Balázs and Vreese, Claes H. de and Helberger, Natali},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2016},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Personalised news websites can have serious implications for democracy, but little is known about the extent and effects of personalisation.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pangrazio-reconceptualisingcriticaldigitalliteracy-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'pangrazio-reconceptualisingcriticaldigitalliteracy-2016', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836', event);\">\n    Reconceptualising critical digital literacy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pangrazio, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education</i>, 37(2): 163–174. March 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pangrazio-reconceptualisingcriticaldigitalliteracy-2016', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reconceptualising critical digital literacy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pangrazio-reconceptualisingcriticaldigitalliteracy-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pangrazio-reconceptualisingcriticaldigitalliteracy-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pangrazio-reconceptualisingcriticaldigitalliteracy-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{pangrazio_reconceptualising_2016,\n\ttitle = {Reconceptualising critical digital literacy},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0159-6306, 1469-3739},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01596306.2014.942836},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-01-05},\n\tjournal = {Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education},\n\tauthor = {Pangrazio, Luciana},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Critical Digital Literacy, Lu Thibault},\n\tpages = {163--174},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"madsen-beyondthebubblethreeempiricalreasonsforreconceptualizingonlinevisibility-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://tidsskrift.dk/mediekultur/article/view/19235\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'madsen-beyondthebubblethreeempiricalreasonsforreconceptualizingonlinevisibility-2016', 'https://tidsskrift.dk/mediekultur/article/view/19235', event);\">\n    Beyond the Bubble: Three empirical reasons for re-conceptualizing online visibility.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Madsen, A. K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research</i>, 31(59): 22 p.–22 p..  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Number: 59</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://tidsskrift.dk/mediekultur/article/view/19235\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('madsen-beyondthebubblethreeempiricalreasonsforreconceptualizingonlinevisibility-2016', 'https://tidsskrift.dk/mediekultur/article/view/19235', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Beyond the Bubble: Three empirical reasons for re-conceptualizing online visibility [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v31i59.19235\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('madsen-beyondthebubblethreeempiricalreasonsforreconceptualizingonlinevisibility-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v31i59.19235', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/madsen-beyondthebubblethreeempiricalreasonsforreconceptualizingonlinevisibility-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('madsen-beyondthebubblethreeempiricalreasonsforreconceptualizingonlinevisibility-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{madsen_beyond_2016,\n\ttitle = {Beyond the {Bubble}: {Three} empirical reasons for re-conceptualizing online visibility},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2016 MedieKultur. Journal of media and communication research},\n\tissn = {1901-9726},\n\tshorttitle = {Beyond the {Bubble}},\n\turl = {https://tidsskrift.dk/mediekultur/article/view/19235},\n\tdoi = {10.7146/mediekultur.v31i59.19235},\n\tabstract = {Google is a powerful player in deciding how the world is represented to information-seeking citizens in a digitized knowledge-society. Eli Pariser has been influential in arguing that the company’s algorithm leave its users trapped in a biased ‘filter bubble’ where information about the world is tailored to their preferences by algorithms. This paper proposes a move away from the metaphor of the ‘bubble’ when trying to understand how ‘real world representations’ are shaped by dynamics of online visibility. Instead of a mono-causal focus on the algorithm, it suggests focusing on the distributed set of selection mechanisms that enable web-users to navigate a world of ‘big data’. The paper suggests a conceptual move from ‘bubbles’ to ‘visions’ when understanding online visibility. It motivates this suggestion through three empirical analyses of the selection mechanisms involved in making the issue of synthetic biology visible to British Google’s users from February 2011 – February 2012. The paper uses the findings of these analyses as a basis from which to suggest theoretical, empirical and practical implications for future studies on the impact of the digital on ‘real world representation’.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {59},\n\turldate = {2020-06-17},\n\tjournal = {MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research},\n\tauthor = {Madsen, Anders Koed},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Number: 59},\n\tkeywords = {Filter bubble, Google, socio-technical systems, synthetic biology, web-vision},\n\tpages = {22 p.--22 p.},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Google is a powerful player in deciding how the world is represented to information-seeking citizens in a digitized knowledge-society. Eli Pariser has been influential in arguing that the company’s algorithm leave its users trapped in a biased ‘filter bubble’ where information about the world is tailored to their preferences by algorithms. This paper proposes a move away from the metaphor of the ‘bubble’ when trying to understand how ‘real world representations’ are shaped by dynamics of online visibility. Instead of a mono-causal focus on the algorithm, it suggests focusing on the distributed set of selection mechanisms that enable web-users to navigate a world of ‘big data’. The paper suggests a conceptual move from ‘bubbles’ to ‘visions’ when understanding online visibility. It motivates this suggestion through three empirical analyses of the selection mechanisms involved in making the issue of synthetic biology visible to British Google’s users from February 2011 – February 2012. The paper uses the findings of these analyses as a basis from which to suggest theoretical, empirical and practical implications for future studies on the impact of the digital on ‘real world representation’.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2015\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2015</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (5)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"chouteau-escudie-forest-nguyen-latechniqueestellecondamneentrerpareffractiondansnotreculture-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/phro/2015-v4-n2-phro02105/1033446ar/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'chouteau-escudie-forest-nguyen-latechniqueestellecondamneentrerpareffractiondansnotreculture-2015', 'http://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/phro/2015-v4-n2-phro02105/1033446ar/', event);\">\n    La technique est-elle condamnée à entrer par effraction dans notre culture ?.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Chouteau, M.; Escudie, M.; Forest, J.;  and Nguyen, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Phronesis</i>, 4(2): 5–16.  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/phro/2015-v4-n2-phro02105/1033446ar/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('chouteau-escudie-forest-nguyen-latechniqueestellecondamneentrerpareffractiondansnotreculture-2015', 'http://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/phro/2015-v4-n2-phro02105/1033446ar/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"La technique est-elle condamnée à entrer par effraction dans notre culture ? [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7202/1033446ar\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('chouteau-escudie-forest-nguyen-latechniqueestellecondamneentrerpareffractiondansnotreculture-2015', 'http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7202/1033446ar', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/chouteau-escudie-forest-nguyen-latechniqueestellecondamneentrerpareffractiondansnotreculture-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('chouteau-escudie-forest-nguyen-latechniqueestellecondamneentrerpareffractiondansnotreculture-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{chouteau_technique_2015,\n\ttitle = {La technique est-elle condamnée à entrer par effraction dans notre culture ?},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {1925-4873},\n\turl = {http://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/phro/2015-v4-n2-phro02105/1033446ar/},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.7202/1033446ar},\n\tabstract = {L’artificialisation de notre monde n’est pas nouvelle et constitue même, à travers        les objets techniques qui en sont le support, l’un des piliers de ce qui caractérise notre        humanité. En dépit de ce constat, la culture technique, en tant que champ interdisciplinaire        centré sur l’étude des relations entre technique et société, peine à s’institutionnaliser, y        compris dans la formation des ingénieurs dont nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’elle devrait en        être un élément clé. Notre expérience à l’INSA de Lyon nous invite à examiner les conditions        de réalisation de la culture technique au niveau de l’enseignement, via une recherche        interdisciplinaire, pour lui donner la place qu’elle mérite.},\n\tlanguage = {fr},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2019-11-28},\n\tjournal = {Phronesis},\n\tauthor = {Chouteau, Marianne and Escudie, Marie-Pierre and Forest, Joëlle and Nguyen, Céline},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {SHS, culture technique, education, engineer, enseignement, human and social sciences, ingénieur, interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinarité, technical culture},\n\tpages = {5--16},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  L’artificialisation de notre monde n’est pas nouvelle et constitue même, à travers les objets techniques qui en sont le support, l’un des piliers de ce qui caractérise notre humanité. En dépit de ce constat, la culture technique, en tant que champ interdisciplinaire centré sur l’étude des relations entre technique et société, peine à s’institutionnaliser, y compris dans la formation des ingénieurs dont nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’elle devrait en être un élément clé. Notre expérience à l’INSA de Lyon nous invite à examiner les conditions de réalisation de la culture technique au niveau de l’enseignement, via une recherche interdisciplinaire, pour lui donner la place qu’elle mérite.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"castells-hurley-vargas-noveltyanddiversityinrecommendersystems-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Novelty and Diversity in Recommender Systems.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Castells, P.; Hurley, N.;  and Vargas, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In pages 881–918. January 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7637-6_26\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('castells-hurley-vargas-noveltyanddiversityinrecommendersystems-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7637-6_26', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/castells-hurley-vargas-noveltyanddiversityinrecommendersystems-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('castells-hurley-vargas-noveltyanddiversityinrecommendersystems-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{castells_novelty_2015,\n\ttitle = {Novelty and {Diversity} in {Recommender} {Systems}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4899-7636-9},\n\tabstract = {Novelty and diversity have been identified, along with accuracy, as foremost properties of useful recommendations. Considerable progress has been made in the field in terms of the definition of methods to enhance such properties, as well as methodologies and metrics to assess how well such methods work. In this chapter we give an overview of the main contributions to this area in the field of recommender systems, and seek to relate them together in a unified view, analyzing the common elements underneath the different forms under which novelty and diversity have been addressed, and identifying connections to closely related work on diversity in other fields.},\n\tauthor = {Castells, Pablo and Hurley, Neil and Vargas, Saul},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-1-4899-7637-6_26},\n\tkeywords = {Aggregate Diversity, Recommendation Algorithm, Recommended Item, Recommender System, Target User},\n\tpages = {881--918},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Novelty and diversity have been identified, along with accuracy, as foremost properties of useful recommendations. Considerable progress has been made in the field in terms of the definition of methods to enhance such properties, as well as methodologies and metrics to assess how well such methods work. In this chapter we give an overview of the main contributions to this area in the field of recommender systems, and seek to relate them together in a unified view, analyzing the common elements underneath the different forms under which novelty and diversity have been addressed, and identifying connections to closely related work on diversity in other fields.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bakshy-messing-adamic-exposuretoideologicallydiversenewsandopiniononfacebook-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/1130\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bakshy-messing-adamic-exposuretoideologicallydiversenewsandopiniononfacebook-2015', 'https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/1130', event);\">\n    Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bakshy, E.; Messing, S.;  and Adamic, L. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Science</i>, 348(6239): 1130–1132. June 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/1130\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bakshy-messing-adamic-exposuretoideologicallydiversenewsandopiniononfacebook-2015', 'https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/1130', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa1160\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bakshy-messing-adamic-exposuretoideologicallydiversenewsandopiniononfacebook-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa1160', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bakshy-messing-adamic-exposuretoideologicallydiversenewsandopiniononfacebook-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bakshy-messing-adamic-exposuretoideologicallydiversenewsandopiniononfacebook-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{bakshy_exposure_2015,\n\ttitle = {Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on {Facebook}},\n\tvolume = {348},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science},\n\tissn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},\n\turl = {https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/1130},\n\tdoi = {10.1126/science.aaa1160},\n\tabstract = {Not getting all sides of the news?\nPeople are increasingly turning away from mass media to social media as a way of learning news and civic information. Bakshy et al. examined the news that millions of Facebook users&#x27; peers shared, what information these users were presented with, and what they ultimately consumed (see the Perspective by Lazer). Friends shared substantially less cross-cutting news from sources aligned with an opposing ideology. People encountered roughly 15\\% less cross-cutting content in news feeds due to algorithmic ranking and clicked through to 70\\% less of this cross-cutting content. Within the domain of political news encountered in social media, selective exposure appears to drive attention.\nScience, this issue p. 1130; see also p. 1090\nExposure to news, opinion, and civic information increasingly occurs through social media. How do these online networks influence exposure to perspectives that cut across ideological lines? Using deidentified data, we examined how 10.1 million U.S. Facebook users interact with socially shared news. We directly measured ideological homophily in friend networks and examined the extent to which heterogeneous friends could potentially expose individuals to cross-cutting content. We then quantified the extent to which individuals encounter comparatively more or less diverse content while interacting via Facebook’s algorithmically ranked News Feed and further studied users’ choices to click through to ideologically discordant content. Compared with algorithmic ranking, individuals’ choices played a stronger role in limiting exposure to cross-cutting content.\nDespite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer]\nDespite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6239},\n\turldate = {2019-06-12},\n\tjournal = {Science},\n\tauthor = {Bakshy, Eytan and Messing, Solomon and Adamic, Lada A.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpmid = {25953820},\n\tkeywords = {Important},\n\tpages = {1130--1132},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Not getting all sides of the news? People are increasingly turning away from mass media to social media as a way of learning news and civic information. Bakshy et al. examined the news that millions of Facebook users' peers shared, what information these users were presented with, and what they ultimately consumed (see the Perspective by Lazer). Friends shared substantially less cross-cutting news from sources aligned with an opposing ideology. People encountered roughly 15% less cross-cutting content in news feeds due to algorithmic ranking and clicked through to 70% less of this cross-cutting content. Within the domain of political news encountered in social media, selective exposure appears to drive attention. Science, this issue p. 1130; see also p. 1090 Exposure to news, opinion, and civic information increasingly occurs through social media. How do these online networks influence exposure to perspectives that cut across ideological lines? Using deidentified data, we examined how 10.1 million U.S. Facebook users interact with socially shared news. We directly measured ideological homophily in friend networks and examined the extent to which heterogeneous friends could potentially expose individuals to cross-cutting content. We then quantified the extent to which individuals encounter comparatively more or less diverse content while interacting via Facebook’s algorithmically ranked News Feed and further studied users’ choices to click through to ideologically discordant content. Compared with algorithmic ranking, individuals’ choices played a stronger role in limiting exposure to cross-cutting content. Despite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer] Despite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer]\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"tilleul-fastrez-desmedt-evaluatingmedialiteracyandmediaeducationcompetencesoffuturemediaeducators-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Evaluating Media Literacy and Media Education Competences of Future Media Educators.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Tilleul, C.; Fastrez, P.;  and De Smedt, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Kotilainen, S.;  and Kupiainen, R., editor(s), <i>Reflections on Media Education Futures. Contributions to the conference Media Education Futures in Tampere, Finland 2014</i>, pages 75–89. Nordicom, Götenborg,  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/tilleul-fastrez-desmedt-evaluatingmedialiteracyandmediaeducationcompetencesoffuturemediaeducators-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('tilleul-fastrez-desmedt-evaluatingmedialiteracyandmediaeducationcompetencesoffuturemediaeducators-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{tilleul_evaluating_2015,\n\taddress = {Götenborg},\n\ttitle = {Evaluating {Media} {Literacy} and {Media} {Education} {Competences} of {Future} {Media} {Educators}},\n\tbooktitle = {Reflections on {Media} {Education} {Futures}. {Contributions} to the conference {Media} {Education} {Futures} in {Tampere}, {Finland} 2014},\n\tpublisher = {Nordicom},\n\tauthor = {Tilleul, Camille and Fastrez, Pierre and De Smedt, Thierry},\n\teditor = {Kotilainen, Sirkku and Kupiainen, Reijo},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Lu Pierre, inDIAL},\n\tpages = {75--89},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"ohara-stevens-echochambersandonlineradicalismassessingtheinternetscomplicityinviolentextremism-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/poi3.88\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'ohara-stevens-echochambersandonlineradicalismassessingtheinternetscomplicityinviolentextremism-2015', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/poi3.88', event);\">\n    Echo Chambers and Online Radicalism: Assessing the Internet's Complicity in Violent Extremism.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  O'Hara, K.;  and Stevens, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy & Internet</i>, 7(4): 401–422.  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/poi3.88\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ohara-stevens-echochambersandonlineradicalismassessingtheinternetscomplicityinviolentextremism-2015', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/poi3.88', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Echo Chambers and Online Radicalism: Assessing the Internet&#x27;s Complicity in Violent Extremism [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.88\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ohara-stevens-echochambersandonlineradicalismassessingtheinternetscomplicityinviolentextremism-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.88', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/ohara-stevens-echochambersandonlineradicalismassessingtheinternetscomplicityinviolentextremism-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('ohara-stevens-echochambersandonlineradicalismassessingtheinternetscomplicityinviolentextremism-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{ohara_echo_2015,\n\ttitle = {Echo {Chambers} and {Online} {Radicalism}: {Assessing} the {Internet}&#x27;s {Complicity} in {Violent} {Extremism}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tcopyright = {© 2015 Policy Studies Organization},\n\tissn = {1944-2866},\n\tshorttitle = {Echo {Chambers} and {Online} {Radicalism}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/poi3.88},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/poi3.88},\n\tabstract = {This article considers claims made by various authors that the use of filtering and recommendation technology on the Internet can deprive certain communities of feedback, and instead amplify groups&#x27; viewpoints, leading to polarization of opinion across communities, and increases in extremism. The ‘echo chamber’ arguments of Cass Sunstein are taken as representative of this point of view, and examined in detail in the context of a range of research, theoretical and empirical, quantitative and qualitative, in political science and the sociology of religion, from the last quarter century. The conclusion is that the case has not been made either (a) that echo chambers are necessarily harmful, or (b) that the Internet is complicit in their formation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2019-11-24},\n\tjournal = {Policy \\&amp; Internet},\n\tauthor = {O&#x27;Hara, Kieron and Stevens, David},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Internet, echo chambers, extremism, networks, public forums, radicalism},\n\tpages = {401--422},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article considers claims made by various authors that the use of filtering and recommendation technology on the Internet can deprive certain communities of feedback, and instead amplify groups' viewpoints, leading to polarization of opinion across communities, and increases in extremism. The ‘echo chamber’ arguments of Cass Sunstein are taken as representative of this point of view, and examined in detail in the context of a range of research, theoretical and empirical, quantitative and qualitative, in political science and the sociology of religion, from the last quarter century. The conclusion is that the case has not been made either (a) that echo chambers are necessarily harmful, or (b) that the Internet is complicit in their formation.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2014\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2014</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (5)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"gruzd-roy-investigatingpoliticalpolarizationontwitteracanadianperspective-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'gruzd-roy-investigatingpoliticalpolarizationontwitteracanadianperspective-2014', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354', event);\">\n    Investigating Political Polarization on Twitter: A Canadian Perspective.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Gruzd, A.;  and Roy, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy & Internet</i>, 6(1): 28–45.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('gruzd-roy-investigatingpoliticalpolarizationontwitteracanadianperspective-2014', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Investigating Political Polarization on Twitter: A Canadian Perspective [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('gruzd-roy-investigatingpoliticalpolarizationontwitteracanadianperspective-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/gruzd-roy-investigatingpoliticalpolarizationontwitteracanadianperspective-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('gruzd-roy-investigatingpoliticalpolarizationontwitteracanadianperspective-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{gruzd_investigating_2014,\n\ttitle = {Investigating {Political} {Polarization} on {Twitter}: {A} {Canadian} {Perspective}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tcopyright = {© 2014 Policy Studies Organization},\n\tissn = {1944-2866},\n\tshorttitle = {Investigating {Political} {Polarization} on {Twitter}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/1944-2866.POI354},\n\tabstract = {This article investigates political polarization in social media by undertaking social network analysis of a sample of 5,918 tweets posted by 1,492 Twitter users during the 2011 Canadian Federal Election. On the one hand, we observed a clustering effect around shared political views among supporters of the same party in the Twitter communication network, suggesting that there are pockets of political polarization on Twitter. At the same time, there was evidence of cross-ideological connections and exchanges, which may facilitate open, cross-party, and cross-ideological discourse, and ignite wider debate and learning as they are observed by nonaffiliated voters and the media at large. However, what appeared to be far less likely was any increased willingness or tendency for committed partisans to shift their allegiances as a result of their Twitter engagements, and we postulate that Twitter usage at present is likely to further embed partisan loyalties during electoral periods rather than loosen them; a dynamic that would seemingly contribute to political polarization.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-11-24},\n\tjournal = {Policy \\&amp; Internet},\n\tauthor = {Gruzd, Anatoliy and Roy, Jeffrey},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Twitter, election, politics, social media, social network},\n\tpages = {28--45},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article investigates political polarization in social media by undertaking social network analysis of a sample of 5,918 tweets posted by 1,492 Twitter users during the 2011 Canadian Federal Election. On the one hand, we observed a clustering effect around shared political views among supporters of the same party in the Twitter communication network, suggesting that there are pockets of political polarization on Twitter. At the same time, there was evidence of cross-ideological connections and exchanges, which may facilitate open, cross-party, and cross-ideological discourse, and ignite wider debate and learning as they are observed by nonaffiliated voters and the media at large. However, what appeared to be far less likely was any increased willingness or tendency for committed partisans to shift their allegiances as a result of their Twitter engagements, and we postulate that Twitter usage at present is likely to further embed partisan loyalties during electoral periods rather than loosen them; a dynamic that would seemingly contribute to political polarization.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"ouellet-mondoux-menard-mdiassociauxidologieinvisibleetrelpourunedialectiqueduconcret-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://journals.openedition.org/ticetsociete/1391\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'ouellet-mondoux-menard-mdiassociauxidologieinvisibleetrelpourunedialectiqueduconcret-2014', 'http://journals.openedition.org/ticetsociete/1391', event);\">\n    Médias sociaux, idéologie invisible et réel :pour une dialectique du concret.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Ouellet, M.; Mondoux, A.;  and Menard, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>tic&société</i>, (Vol. 8, N° 1-2). May 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://journals.openedition.org/ticetsociete/1391\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ouellet-mondoux-menard-mdiassociauxidologieinvisibleetrelpourunedialectiqueduconcret-2014', 'http://journals.openedition.org/ticetsociete/1391', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Médias sociaux, idéologie invisible et réel :pour une dialectique du concret [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4000/ticetsociete.1391\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ouellet-mondoux-menard-mdiassociauxidologieinvisibleetrelpourunedialectiqueduconcret-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.4000/ticetsociete.1391', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/ouellet-mondoux-menard-mdiassociauxidologieinvisibleetrelpourunedialectiqueduconcret-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('ouellet-mondoux-menard-mdiassociauxidologieinvisibleetrelpourunedialectiqueduconcret-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{ouellet_medias_2014,\n\ttitle = {Médias sociaux, idéologie invisible et réel :pour une dialectique du concret},\n\tcopyright = {Licence Creative Commons},\n\tshorttitle = {Médias sociaux, idéologie invisible et réel},\n\turl = {http://journals.openedition.org/ticetsociete/1391},\n\tdoi = {10.4000/ticetsociete.1391},\n\tabstract = {Cet article aborde les TIC, plus spécifiquement les médias socionumériques, dans une perspective critique. Nous soutenons que, pour aborder les TIC dans une perspective critique, il est nécessaire de réhabiliter un certain nombre de notions fondatrices de la tradition de la théorie critique, c’est-à-dire les concepts de totalité, d’idéologie, de dialectique, de fétichisme et d’aliénation. Au contraire des approches qui postulent que nous entrons dans l’ère de la fin des idéologies et de la représentation de la société comme totalité, nous avançons qu’une théorie critique des médias socionumériques se doit d’analyser leurs usages dans le contexte des transformations sociétales plus profondes qui ont cours au sein des sociétés capitalistes. Ces transformations, notamment la globalisation capitaliste, s’inscrivent dans une dynamique de totalisation, qui a entre autres été rendue possible grâce au déploiement des TIC. Selon nous, ce n’est que lorsque la technique aura réintégré le terrain idéologique qu’elle redeviendra sujette à débat et, de ce fait, réellement appropriable.},\n\tlanguage = {fr},\n\tnumber = {Vol. 8, N° 1-2},\n\turldate = {2019-09-06},\n\tjournal = {tic\\&amp;société},\n\tauthor = {Ouellet, Maxime and Mondoux, André and Menard, Marc},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2014},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Cet article aborde les TIC, plus spécifiquement les médias socionumériques, dans une perspective critique. Nous soutenons que, pour aborder les TIC dans une perspective critique, il est nécessaire de réhabiliter un certain nombre de notions fondatrices de la tradition de la théorie critique, c’est-à-dire les concepts de totalité, d’idéologie, de dialectique, de fétichisme et d’aliénation. Au contraire des approches qui postulent que nous entrons dans l’ère de la fin des idéologies et de la représentation de la société comme totalité, nous avançons qu’une théorie critique des médias socionumériques se doit d’analyser leurs usages dans le contexte des transformations sociétales plus profondes qui ont cours au sein des sociétés capitalistes. Ces transformations, notamment la globalisation capitaliste, s’inscrivent dans une dynamique de totalisation, qui a entre autres été rendue possible grâce au déploiement des TIC. Selon nous, ce n’est que lorsque la technique aura réintégré le terrain idéologique qu’elle redeviendra sujette à débat et, de ce fait, réellement appropriable.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"morin-introductionlapensecomplexe-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Introduction à la pensée complexe.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Morin, E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">OCLC: 964046192</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/morin-introductionlapensecomplexe-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('morin-introductionlapensecomplexe-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{morin_introduction_2014,\n\ttitle = {Introduction à la pensée complexe},\n\tisbn = {978-2-7578-4200-3},\n\tlanguage = {French},\n\tauthor = {Morin, Edgar},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {OCLC: 964046192},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hamilton-karahalios-sandvig-eslami-apathtounderstandingtheeffectsofalgorithmawareness-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2559206.2578883\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hamilton-karahalios-sandvig-eslami-apathtounderstandingtheeffectsofalgorithmawareness-2014', 'http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2559206.2578883', event);\">\n    A Path to Understanding the Effects of Algorithm Awareness.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hamilton, K.; Karahalios, K.; Sandvig, C.;  and Eslami, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>CHI '14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems</i>, of <i>CHI EA '14</i>, pages 631–642, New York, NY, USA,  2014. ACM\n  <span class=\"note\">event-place: Toronto, Ontario, Canada</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2559206.2578883\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hamilton-karahalios-sandvig-eslami-apathtounderstandingtheeffectsofalgorithmawareness-2014', 'http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2559206.2578883', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"A Path to Understanding the Effects of Algorithm Awareness [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2578883\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hamilton-karahalios-sandvig-eslami-apathtounderstandingtheeffectsofalgorithmawareness-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2578883', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hamilton-karahalios-sandvig-eslami-apathtounderstandingtheeffectsofalgorithmawareness-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hamilton-karahalios-sandvig-eslami-apathtounderstandingtheeffectsofalgorithmawareness-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{hamilton_path_2014,\n\taddress = {New York, NY, USA},\n\tseries = {{CHI} {EA} &#x27;14},\n\ttitle = {A {Path} to {Understanding} the {Effects} of {Algorithm} {Awareness}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4503-2474-8},\n\turl = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2559206.2578883},\n\tdoi = {10.1145/2559206.2578883},\n\tabstract = {The rise in prevalence of algorithmically curated feeds in online news and social media sites raises a new question for designers, critics, and scholars of media: how aware are users of the role of algorithms and filters in their news sources? This paper situates this problem within the history of design for interaction, with an emphasis on the contemporary challenges of studying, and designing for, the algorithmic &quot;curation&quot; of feeds. Such a problem presents particular challenges when, as is common, neither the user nor the researcher has access to the actual proprietary algorithms at work.},\n\turldate = {2019-09-10},\n\tbooktitle = {{CHI} &#x27;14 {Extended} {Abstracts} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},\n\tpublisher = {ACM},\n\tauthor = {Hamilton, Kevin and Karahalios, Karrie and Sandvig, Christian and Eslami, Motahhare},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {event-place: Toronto, Ontario, Canada},\n\tkeywords = {algorithms, design, infrastructure, perception, privacy, reverse engineering, social media, software studies, visualization},\n\tpages = {631--642},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The rise in prevalence of algorithmically curated feeds in online news and social media sites raises a new question for designers, critics, and scholars of media: how aware are users of the role of algorithms and filters in their news sources? This paper situates this problem within the history of design for interaction, with an emphasis on the contemporary challenges of studying, and designing for, the algorithmic \"curation\" of feeds. Such a problem presents particular challenges when, as is common, neither the user nor the researcher has access to the actual proprietary algorithms at work.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kitchin-lauriault-towardscriticaldatastudieschartingandunpackingdataassemblagesandtheirwork-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2474112\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kitchin-lauriault-towardscriticaldatastudieschartingandunpackingdataassemblagesandtheirwork-2014', 'https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2474112', event);\">\n    Towards Critical Data Studies: Charting and Unpacking Data Assemblages and Their Work.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kitchin, R.;  and Lauriault, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Technical Report ID 2474112, Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY, July 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2474112\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kitchin-lauriault-towardscriticaldatastudieschartingandunpackingdataassemblagesandtheirwork-2014', 'https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2474112', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Towards Critical Data Studies: Charting and Unpacking Data Assemblages and Their Work [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kitchin-lauriault-towardscriticaldatastudieschartingandunpackingdataassemblagesandtheirwork-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kitchin-lauriault-towardscriticaldatastudieschartingandunpackingdataassemblagesandtheirwork-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@techreport{kitchin_towards_2014,\n\taddress = {Rochester, NY},\n\ttype = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {Towards {Critical} {Data} {Studies}: {Charting} and {Unpacking} {Data} {Assemblages} and {Their} {Work}},\n\tshorttitle = {Towards {Critical} {Data} {Studies}},\n\turl = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2474112},\n\tabstract = {The growth of big data and the development of digital data infrastructures raises numerous questions about the nature of data, how they are being produced, organized, analyzed and employed, and how best to make sense of them and the work they do.  Critical data studies endeavours to answer such questions.  This paper sets out a vision for critical data studies, building on the initial provocations of Dalton and Thatcher (2014).  It is divided into three sections.  The first details the recent step change in the production and employment of data and how data and databases are being reconceptualised.  The second forwards the notion of a data assemblage that encompasses all of the technological, political, social and economic apparatuses and elements that constitutes and frames the generation, circulation and deployment of data.  Drawing on the ideas of Michel Foucault and Ian Hacking it is posited that one way to enact critical data studies is to chart and unpack data assemblages.  The third starts to unpack some the ways that data assemblages do work in the world with respect to dataveillance and the erosion of privacy, profiling and social sorting, anticipatory governance, and secondary uses and control creep.  The paper concludes by arguing for greater conceptual work and empirical research to underpin and flesh out critical data studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {ID 2474112},\n\turldate = {2020-06-08},\n\tinstitution = {Social Science Research Network},\n\tauthor = {Kitchin, Rob and Lauriault, Tracey},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {big data, civil liberties, critical data studies, data assemblages, data infrastructures},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The growth of big data and the development of digital data infrastructures raises numerous questions about the nature of data, how they are being produced, organized, analyzed and employed, and how best to make sense of them and the work they do. Critical data studies endeavours to answer such questions. This paper sets out a vision for critical data studies, building on the initial provocations of Dalton and Thatcher (2014). It is divided into three sections. The first details the recent step change in the production and employment of data and how data and databases are being reconceptualised. The second forwards the notion of a data assemblage that encompasses all of the technological, political, social and economic apparatuses and elements that constitutes and frames the generation, circulation and deployment of data. Drawing on the ideas of Michel Foucault and Ian Hacking it is posited that one way to enact critical data studies is to chart and unpack data assemblages. The third starts to unpack some the ways that data assemblages do work in the world with respect to dataveillance and the erosion of privacy, profiling and social sorting, anticipatory governance, and secondary uses and control creep. The paper concludes by arguing for greater conceptual work and empirical research to underpin and flesh out critical data studies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2013\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2013')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2013')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2013</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"sandvig-theinternetasinfrastructure-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199589074-e-5\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'sandvig-theinternetasinfrastructure-2013', 'https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199589074-e-5', event);\">\n    The Internet as Infrastructure.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Sandvig, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies</i>. January 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199589074-e-5\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sandvig-theinternetasinfrastructure-2013', 'https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199589074-e-5', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Internet as Infrastructure [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0005\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sandvig-theinternetasinfrastructure-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0005', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/sandvig-theinternetasinfrastructure-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('sandvig-theinternetasinfrastructure-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{sandvig_internet_2013,\n\ttitle = {The {Internet} as {Infrastructure}},\n\turl = {https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199589074-e-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0005},\n\tabstract = {This chapter discusses how useful it can be to view the Internet as an infrastructure, demonstrating how technical changes of the infrastructure can have unanticipated and unintended societal consequences. The Libyan decision induced substantial dismay in the Internet industry. The case of Violet Blue entails technical decisions about the design of interactive software, usability, culture, religion, history, politics, and economics. Moreover, the infrastructure studies of the Internet are outlined as the relationists and the new materialists. The Internet turns out as an infrastructural primitive or template for its parents: a model privately organized system of distributed computation – the ur-infrastructure. Communication in its original meaning was transportation, a box of goods was said to be ‘communicated’ when it was delivered. It is observed that the Internet demands attention as a foundation for modern life.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2019-09-19},\n\tjournal = {The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies},\n\tauthor = {Sandvig, Christian},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2013},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This chapter discusses how useful it can be to view the Internet as an infrastructure, demonstrating how technical changes of the infrastructure can have unanticipated and unintended societal consequences. The Libyan decision induced substantial dismay in the Internet industry. The case of Violet Blue entails technical decisions about the design of interactive software, usability, culture, religion, history, politics, and economics. Moreover, the infrastructure studies of the Internet are outlined as the relationists and the new materialists. The Internet turns out as an infrastructural primitive or template for its parents: a model privately organized system of distributed computation – the ur-infrastructure. Communication in its original meaning was transportation, a box of goods was said to be ‘communicated’ when it was delivered. It is observed that the Internet demands attention as a foundation for modern life.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"prado-marzal-incorporatingdataliteracyintoinformationliteracyprogramscorecompetenciesandcontents-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Incorporating Data Literacy into Information Literacy Programs: Core competencies and Contents.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Prado, J. C.;  and Marzal, M. Á.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Libri</i>, 63(2): 123–134.  2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1515/libri-2013-0010\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('prado-marzal-incorporatingdataliteracyintoinformationliteracyprogramscorecompetenciesandcontents-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1515/libri-2013-0010', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/prado-marzal-incorporatingdataliteracyintoinformationliteracyprogramscorecompetenciesandcontents-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('prado-marzal-incorporatingdataliteracyintoinformationliteracyprogramscorecompetenciesandcontents-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{prado_incorporating_2013,\n\ttitle = {Incorporating {Data} {Literacy} into {Information} {Literacy} {Programs}: {Core} competencies and {Contents}},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/libri-2013-0010},\n\tabstract = {The growing importance of data in society in general and scientific domains in particular, mirrored in\nthe Open Data initiative and in the advent of eScience, requires public, school and academic libraries to contribute to both data and information literacy, as part of their\nmission to further knowledge and innovation in their respective\nfields of action. No specific library standards have been proposed to date, however, and most research studies\nconducted adopt a partial view of data literacy, stressing only the components needed in any given context. The\npresent paper aims to contribute to the advancement of data literacy with the proposal of a set of core competencies\nand contents that can serve as a framework of reference\nfor its inclusion in libraries’ information literacy programs. The various definitions of data literacy are discussed, the coverage of the competencies listed in information\nliteracy standards is described, and the competencies considered in the experiments conducted to date\nin education and libraries are identified. The conclusion drawn is that the model proposed can favour the development of data literacy support resources and services. Topics\nfor further research are also specified.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Libri},\n\tauthor = {Prado, Javier Calzada and Marzal, Miguel Ángel},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Data and Information Literacy, Data literacy competencies, Lu Thibault, Quantitative Literacy, Statistical Literacy},\n\tpages = {123--134},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The growing importance of data in society in general and scientific domains in particular, mirrored in the Open Data initiative and in the advent of eScience, requires public, school and academic libraries to contribute to both data and information literacy, as part of their mission to further knowledge and innovation in their respective fields of action. No specific library standards have been proposed to date, however, and most research studies conducted adopt a partial view of data literacy, stressing only the components needed in any given context. The present paper aims to contribute to the advancement of data literacy with the proposal of a set of core competencies and contents that can serve as a framework of reference for its inclusion in libraries’ information literacy programs. The various definitions of data literacy are discussed, the coverage of the competencies listed in information literacy standards is described, and the competencies considered in the experiments conducted to date in education and libraries are identified. The conclusion drawn is that the model proposed can favour the development of data literacy support resources and services. Topics for further research are also specified.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mandinach-gummer-asystemicviewofimplementingdataliteracyineducatorpreparation-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'mandinach-gummer-asystemicviewofimplementingdataliteracyineducatorpreparation-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803', event);\">\n    A Systemic View of Implementing Data Literacy in Educator Preparation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Mandinach, E. B.;  and Gummer, E. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Educational Researcher</i>, 42(1): 30–37. January 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mandinach-gummer-asystemicviewofimplementingdataliteracyineducatorpreparation-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"A Systemic View of Implementing Data Literacy in Educator Preparation [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mandinach-gummer-asystemicviewofimplementingdataliteracyineducatorpreparation-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mandinach-gummer-asystemicviewofimplementingdataliteracyineducatorpreparation-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mandinach-gummer-asystemicviewofimplementingdataliteracyineducatorpreparation-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{mandinach_systemic_2013,\n\ttitle = {A {Systemic} {View} of {Implementing} {Data} {Literacy} in {Educator} {Preparation}},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tissn = {0013-189X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803},\n\tdoi = {10.3102/0013189X12459803},\n\tabstract = {Data-driven decision making has become increasingly important in education. Policymakers require educators to use data to inform practice. Although the policy emphasis is growing, what has not increased is attention to building human capacity around data use. Educators need to gain data literacy skills to inform practice. Although some professional development opportunities exist for current educators, fewer formal courses and opportunities for data literacy development in schools of education have been developed and implemented. This article explores issues around the growing need for data-driven decision making in programs in schools of education. The issues are complex and the actors needed to bring about change are multiple. A systems perspective to explore course and programmatic implementation is presented.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Educational Researcher},\n\tauthor = {Mandinach, Ellen B. and Gummer, Edith S.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Lu Thibault},\n\tpages = {30--37},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Data-driven decision making has become increasingly important in education. Policymakers require educators to use data to inform practice. Although the policy emphasis is growing, what has not increased is attention to building human capacity around data use. Educators need to gain data literacy skills to inform practice. Although some professional development opportunities exist for current educators, fewer formal courses and opportunities for data literacy development in schools of education have been developed and implemented. This article explores issues around the growing need for data-driven decision making in programs in schools of education. The issues are complex and the actors needed to bring about change are multiple. A systems perspective to explore course and programmatic implementation is presented.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2012\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2012</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"charbonnier-kreplak-savoirscologiques-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://journals.openedition.org/traces/5415\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'charbonnier-kreplak-savoirscologiques-2012', 'http://journals.openedition.org/traces/5415', event);\">\n    Savoirs écologiques.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Charbonnier, P.;  and Kreplak, Y.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Tracés. Revue de Sciences humaines</i>, (22): 7–23. June 2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://journals.openedition.org/traces/5415\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('charbonnier-kreplak-savoirscologiques-2012', 'http://journals.openedition.org/traces/5415', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Savoirs écologiques [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4000/traces.5415\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('charbonnier-kreplak-savoirscologiques-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.4000/traces.5415', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/charbonnier-kreplak-savoirscologiques-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('charbonnier-kreplak-savoirscologiques-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{charbonnier_savoirs_2012,\n\ttitle = {Savoirs écologiques},\n\tcopyright = {Tracés est mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d&#x27;Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.},\n\tissn = {1763-0061},\n\turl = {http://journals.openedition.org/traces/5415},\n\tdoi = {10.4000/traces.5415},\n\tabstract = {Au-delà de l’impératif de protection et de conservation de la nature auquel le terme « écologie » renvoie de manière privilégiée, on parle aujourd’hui plus largement d’écologie pour qualifier des manières d’habiter, de se nourrir, de se déplacer, etc. La notion sert ainsi à labelliser un ensemble de pratiques, qui traduisent un rapport de respect et d’attention à l’environnement. Parallèlement à ces usages ordinaires, les démarches intellectuelles qui se ré...},\n\tlanguage = {fr},\n\tnumber = {22},\n\turldate = {2019-10-13},\n\tjournal = {Tracés. Revue de Sciences humaines},\n\tauthor = {Charbonnier, Pierre and Kreplak, Yaël},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {7--23},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Au-delà de l’impératif de protection et de conservation de la nature auquel le terme « écologie » renvoie de manière privilégiée, on parle aujourd’hui plus largement d’écologie pour qualifier des manières d’habiter, de se nourrir, de se déplacer, etc. La notion sert ainsi à labelliser un ensemble de pratiques, qui traduisent un rapport de respect et d’attention à l’environnement. Parallèlement à ces usages ordinaires, les démarches intellectuelles qui se ré...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"simondon-dumodedexistencedesobjetstechniques-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Du mode d'existence des objets techniques.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Simondon, G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of PhilosophieAubier, Paris, Nouv. éd. rev. et corr edition,  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\">OCLC: 828890034</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/simondon-dumodedexistencedesobjetstechniques-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('simondon-dumodedexistencedesobjetstechniques-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{simondon_du_2012,\n\taddress = {Paris},\n\tedition = {Nouv. éd. rev. et corr},\n\tseries = {Philosophie},\n\ttitle = {Du mode d&#x27;existence des objets techniques},\n\tisbn = {978-2-7007-0428-0},\n\tlanguage = {fre},\n\tpublisher = {Aubier},\n\tauthor = {Simondon, Gilbert},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {OCLC: 828890034},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pariser-thefilterbubblewhattheinternetishidingfromyou-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The filter bubble: what the Internet is hiding from you.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pariser, E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Penguin Books, London,  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\">OCLC: 812258167</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pariser-thefilterbubblewhattheinternetishidingfromyou-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pariser-thefilterbubblewhattheinternetishidingfromyou-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{pariser_filter_2012,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {The filter bubble: what the {Internet} is hiding from you},\n\tisbn = {978-0-241-95452-2},\n\tshorttitle = {The filter bubble},\n\tabstract = {The hidden rise of personalization on the Internet is controlling--and limiting--the information we consume. In 2009, Google began customizing its search results. Instead of giving you the most broadly popular result, Google now tries to predict what you are most likely to click on. According to MoveOn.org board president Eli Pariser, this change is symptomatic of the most significant shift to take place on the Web in recent years--the rise of personalization. Though the phenomenon has gone largely undetected until now, personalized filters are sweeping the Web, creating individual universes of information for each of us. Data companies track your personal information to sell to advertisers, from your political leanings to the hiking boots you just browsed on Zappos. In a personalized world, we will increasingly be typed and fed only news that is pleasant, familiar, and confirms our beliefs--and because these filters are invisible, we won&#x27;t know what is being hidden from us. Our past interests will determine what we are exposed to in the future, leaving less room for the unexpected encounters that spark creativity, innovation, and the democratic exchange of ideas.--From publisher description},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tpublisher = {Penguin Books},\n\tauthor = {Pariser, Eli},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {OCLC: 812258167},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The hidden rise of personalization on the Internet is controlling–and limiting–the information we consume. In 2009, Google began customizing its search results. Instead of giving you the most broadly popular result, Google now tries to predict what you are most likely to click on. According to MoveOn.org board president Eli Pariser, this change is symptomatic of the most significant shift to take place on the Web in recent years–the rise of personalization. Though the phenomenon has gone largely undetected until now, personalized filters are sweeping the Web, creating individual universes of information for each of us. Data companies track your personal information to sell to advertisers, from your political leanings to the hiking boots you just browsed on Zappos. In a personalized world, we will increasingly be typed and fed only news that is pleasant, familiar, and confirms our beliefs–and because these filters are invisible, we won't know what is being hidden from us. Our past interests will determine what we are exposed to in the future, leaving less room for the unexpected encounters that spark creativity, innovation, and the democratic exchange of ideas.–From publisher description\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2011\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2011')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2011')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2011</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mutz-young-communicationandpublicopinionplusachange-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/75/5/1018/1825647\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'mutz-young-communicationandpublicopinionplusachange-2011', 'https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/75/5/1018/1825647', event);\">\n    Communication and Public OpinionPlus Ça Change?.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Mutz, D. C.;  and Young, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Opinion Quarterly</i>, 75(5): 1018–1044. December 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/75/5/1018/1825647\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mutz-young-communicationandpublicopinionplusachange-2011', 'https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/75/5/1018/1825647', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Communication and Public OpinionPlus Ça Change? [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfr052\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mutz-young-communicationandpublicopinionplusachange-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfr052', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mutz-young-communicationandpublicopinionplusachange-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mutz-young-communicationandpublicopinionplusachange-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{mutz_communication_2011,\n\ttitle = {Communication and {Public} {OpinionPlus} Ça {Change}?},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {0033-362X},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/75/5/1018/1825647},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/poq/nfr052},\n\tabstract = {Abstract.  Three central themes that have persisted throughout the history of research on communication and public opinion are examined in light of past, presen},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2019-11-05},\n\tjournal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Mutz, Diana C. and Young, Lori},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {1018--1044},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Abstract. Three central themes that have persisted throughout the history of research on communication and public opinion are examined in light of past, presen\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"napoli-exposurediversityreconsidered-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'napoli-exposurediversityreconsidered-2011', 'https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246', event);\">\n    Exposure Diversity Reconsidered.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Napoli, P. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Information Policy</i>, 1: 246–259.  2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('napoli-exposurediversityreconsidered-2011', 'https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Exposure Diversity Reconsidered [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('napoli-exposurediversityreconsidered-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/napoli-exposurediversityreconsidered-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('napoli-exposurediversityreconsidered-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{napoli_exposure_2011,\n\ttitle = {Exposure {Diversity} {Reconsidered}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {2158-3897},\n\turl = {www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246},\n\tdoi = {10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0246},\n\tabstract = {Concerning media diversity, should policymakers be more concerned about the choices consumers of information make than what sources are available to them? Dr. Napoli argues that with all of the information outlets currently available, focusing on source and content diversity is becoming less important than understanding the information that is actually consumed by media users. If audiences choose to focus their attention selectively on only a few sources that reflect their tastes and preferences, are policy interventions called for? Dr. Napoli discusses the kinds of research needed to begin to answer this question.},\n\turldate = {2019-11-27},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Information Policy},\n\tauthor = {Napoli, Philip M.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {246--259},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Concerning media diversity, should policymakers be more concerned about the choices consumers of information make than what sources are available to them? Dr. Napoli argues that with all of the information outlets currently available, focusing on source and content diversity is becoming less important than understanding the information that is actually consumed by media users. If audiences choose to focus their attention selectively on only a few sources that reflect their tastes and preferences, are policy interventions called for? Dr. Napoli discusses the kinds of research needed to begin to answer this question.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wing-computationalthinking-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Computational thinking.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wing, J. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>2011 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)</i>, pages 3–3, September 2011. \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2011.6070404\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wing-computationalthinking-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2011.6070404', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wing-computationalthinking-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wing-computationalthinking-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{wing_computational_2011,\n\ttitle = {Computational thinking},\n\tdoi = {10.1109/VLHCC.2011.6070404},\n\tabstract = {Summary form only given. My vision for the 21st century, Computational Thinking, will be a fundamental skill used by everyone in the world. To reading, writing, and arithmetic, we should add computational thinking to every child&#x27;s analytical ability. Computational thinking involves solving problems, designing systems, and understanding human behavior by drawing on the concepts fundamental to computer science. Thinking like a computer scientist means more than being able to program a computer. It requires the ability to abstract and thus to think at multiple levels of abstraction. In this talk I will give many examples of computational thinking, argue that it has already influenced other disciplines, and promote the idea that teaching computational thinking can not only inspire future generations to enter the field of computer science but benefit people in all fields.},\n\tbooktitle = {2011 {IEEE} {Symposium} on {Visual} {Languages} and {Human}-{Centric} {Computing} ({VL}/{HCC})},\n\tauthor = {Wing, J. M.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {abstraction, cognition, computational thinking, computer science, fundamental skill, human behavior, problem solving},\n\tpages = {3--3},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Summary form only given. My vision for the 21st century, Computational Thinking, will be a fundamental skill used by everyone in the world. To reading, writing, and arithmetic, we should add computational thinking to every child's analytical ability. Computational thinking involves solving problems, designing systems, and understanding human behavior by drawing on the concepts fundamental to computer science. Thinking like a computer scientist means more than being able to program a computer. It requires the ability to abstract and thus to think at multiple levels of abstraction. In this talk I will give many examples of computational thinking, argue that it has already influenced other disciplines, and promote the idea that teaching computational thinking can not only inspire future generations to enter the field of computer science but benefit people in all fields.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"vandeneede-inbetweenusonthetransparencyandopacityoftechnologicalmediation-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'vandeneede-inbetweenusonthetransparencyandopacityoftechnologicalmediation-2011', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y', event);\">\n    In Between Us: On the Transparency and Opacity of Technological Mediation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Van Den Eede, Y.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Foundations of Science</i>, 16(2): 139–159. May 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('vandeneede-inbetweenusonthetransparencyandopacityoftechnologicalmediation-2011', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"In Between Us: On the Transparency and Opacity of Technological Mediation [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('vandeneede-inbetweenusonthetransparencyandopacityoftechnologicalmediation-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/vandeneede-inbetweenusonthetransparencyandopacityoftechnologicalmediation-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('vandeneede-inbetweenusonthetransparencyandopacityoftechnologicalmediation-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{van_den_eede_between_2011,\n\ttitle = {In {Between} {Us}: {On} the {Transparency} and {Opacity} of {Technological} {Mediation}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1572-8471},\n\tshorttitle = {In {Between} {Us}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10699-010-9190-y},\n\tabstract = {In recent years several approaches—philosophical, sociological, psychological—have been developed to come to grips with our profoundly technologically mediated world. However, notwithstanding the vast merit of each, they illuminate only certain aspects of technological mediation. This paper is a preliminary attempt at a philosophical reflection on technological mediation as such—deploying the concepts of ‘transparency’ and ‘opacity’ as heuristic instruments. Hence, we locate a ‘theory of transparency’ within several theoretical frameworks—respectively classic phenomenology, media theory, Actor Network Theory, postphenomenology, several ethnographical, psychological, and sociological perspectives, and finally, the “Critical Theory of Technology.” Subsequently, we render a general, systematic overview of these theories, thereby conjecturing what a broad analysis of technological mediation in and of itself might look like—finding, at last, an essential contradiction between transparency of ‘use’ and transparency of social origins and effects.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-03-19},\n\tjournal = {Foundations of Science},\n\tauthor = {Van Den Eede, Yoni},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {139--159},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In recent years several approaches—philosophical, sociological, psychological—have been developed to come to grips with our profoundly technologically mediated world. However, notwithstanding the vast merit of each, they illuminate only certain aspects of technological mediation. This paper is a preliminary attempt at a philosophical reflection on technological mediation as such—deploying the concepts of ‘transparency’ and ‘opacity’ as heuristic instruments. Hence, we locate a ‘theory of transparency’ within several theoretical frameworks—respectively classic phenomenology, media theory, Actor Network Theory, postphenomenology, several ethnographical, psychological, and sociological perspectives, and finally, the “Critical Theory of Technology.” Subsequently, we render a general, systematic overview of these theories, thereby conjecturing what a broad analysis of technological mediation in and of itself might look like—finding, at last, an essential contradiction between transparency of ‘use’ and transparency of social origins and effects.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2010\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2010</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"qin-dignazio-lessonslearnedfromatwoyearexperienceinsciencedataliteracyeducation-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Lessons learned from a two-year experience in science data literacy education.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Qin, J.;  and D'Ignazio, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In  2010. \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/qin-dignazio-lessonslearnedfromatwoyearexperienceinsciencedataliteracyeducation-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('qin-dignazio-lessonslearnedfromatwoyearexperienceinsciencedataliteracyeducation-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{qin_lessons_2010,\n\ttitle = {Lessons learned from a two-year experience in science data literacy education},\n\tabstract = {In spring 2008 and 2009, we offered a course “Scientific Data Management” to undergraduate and graduate students from science and technology majors with support from an NSF CCLI (award \\#0633447) grant. We actively advertised the course on campus and conducted outreach efforts to individual classes and faculty representing a wide range of science and technology disciplines. Each time the course was offered, we conducted preand post-course surveys to assess the instructional effectiveness and learning outcomes. This paper will describe our experience as well as lessons learned in three areas: science faculty perceptions on data management, effect of science curriculum structures on data literacy education, and changes of students’ perceptions and aptitudes, and discuss how the lessons learned will help shape our escience Librarianship curriculum development, which is being funded by IMLS.},\n\tauthor = {Qin, Jian and D&#x27;Ignazio, John},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {Aptitude, Data Literacy, Data Management, Information Literacy, Information literacy, Librarian, Lu Thibault, data literacy, soluble NSF attachment protein},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In spring 2008 and 2009, we offered a course “Scientific Data Management” to undergraduate and graduate students from science and technology majors with support from an NSF CCLI (award #0633447) grant. We actively advertised the course on campus and conducted outreach efforts to individual classes and faculty representing a wide range of science and technology disciplines. Each time the course was offered, we conducted preand post-course surveys to assess the instructional effectiveness and learning outcomes. This paper will describe our experience as well as lessons learned in three areas: science faculty perceptions on data management, effect of science curriculum structures on data literacy education, and changes of students’ perceptions and aptitudes, and discuss how the lessons learned will help shape our escience Librarianship curriculum development, which is being funded by IMLS.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"gillespie-thepoliticsofplatforms-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'gillespie-thepoliticsofplatforms-2010', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738', event);\">\n    The politics of ‘platforms’.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Gillespie, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>New Media & Society</i>, 12(3): 347–364. May 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('gillespie-thepoliticsofplatforms-2010', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The politics of ‘platforms’ [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('gillespie-thepoliticsofplatforms-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/gillespie-thepoliticsofplatforms-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('gillespie-thepoliticsofplatforms-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{gillespie_politics_2010,\n\ttitle = {The politics of ‘platforms’},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1461-4448},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1461444809342738},\n\tabstract = {Online content providers such as YouTube are carefully positioning themselves to users, clients, advertisers and policymakers, making strategic claims for what they do and do not do, and how their place in the information landscape should be understood. One term in particular, ‘platform’, reveals the contours of this discursive work. The term has been deployed in both their populist appeals and their marketing pitches, sometimes as technical ‘platforms’, sometimes as ‘platforms’ from which to speak, sometimes as ‘platforms’ of opportunity. Whatever tensions exist in serving all of these constituencies are carefully elided. The term also fits their efforts to shape information policy, where they seek protection for facilitating user expression, yet also seek limited liability for what those users say. As these providers become the curators of public discourse, we must examine the roles they aim to play, and the terms by which they hope to be judged.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2019-06-12},\n\tjournal = {New Media \\&amp; Society},\n\tauthor = {Gillespie, Tarleton},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {347--364},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Online content providers such as YouTube are carefully positioning themselves to users, clients, advertisers and policymakers, making strategic claims for what they do and do not do, and how their place in the information landscape should be understood. One term in particular, ‘platform’, reveals the contours of this discursive work. The term has been deployed in both their populist appeals and their marketing pitches, sometimes as technical ‘platforms’, sometimes as ‘platforms’ from which to speak, sometimes as ‘platforms’ of opportunity. Whatever tensions exist in serving all of these constituencies are carefully elided. The term also fits their efforts to shape information policy, where they seek protection for facilitating user expression, yet also seek limited liability for what those users say. As these providers become the curators of public discourse, we must examine the roles they aim to play, and the terms by which they hope to be judged.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"feenberg-betweenreasonandexperienceessaysintechnologyandmodernity-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Between reason and experience: essays in technology and modernity.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Feenberg, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Inside technologyMIT Press, Cambridge, Mass,  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/feenberg-betweenreasonandexperienceessaysintechnologyandmodernity-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('feenberg-betweenreasonandexperienceessaysintechnologyandmodernity-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{feenberg_between_2010,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, Mass},\n\tseries = {Inside technology},\n\ttitle = {Between reason and experience: essays in technology and modernity},\n\tisbn = {978-0-262-51425-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Between reason and experience},\n\tpublisher = {MIT Press},\n\tauthor = {Feenberg, Andrew},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {Civilization, Modern, Philosophy, Social aspects, Technology},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2009\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2009')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2009')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2009</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"serres-penserlacultureinformationnelledesdifficultsdelexercice-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00631504\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'serres-penserlacultureinformationnelledesdifficultsdelexercice-2009', 'https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00631504', event);\">\n    Penser la culture informationnelle : des difficultés de l'exercice.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Serres, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Les Cahiers du numérique</i>, 5(3): 9–23. October 2009.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00631504\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('serres-penserlacultureinformationnelledesdifficultsdelexercice-2009', 'https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00631504', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Penser la culture informationnelle : des difficultés de l&#x27;exercice [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/serres-penserlacultureinformationnelledesdifficultsdelexercice-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('serres-penserlacultureinformationnelledesdifficultsdelexercice-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{serres_penser_2009,\n\ttitle = {Penser la culture informationnelle : des difficultés de l&#x27;exercice},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tshorttitle = {Penser la culture informationnelle},\n\turl = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00631504},\n\tlanguage = {fr},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2020-01-31},\n\tjournal = {Les Cahiers du numérique},\n\tauthor = {Serres, Alexandre},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {9--23},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2008\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2008')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2008')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2008</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bateson-versunecologiedelespritt2t2-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Vers une écologie de l'esprit T. 2. T. 2.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bateson, G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Ed. du Seuil, Paris,  2008.\n  <span class=\"note\">OCLC: 717575731</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bateson-versunecologiedelespritt2t2-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bateson-versunecologiedelespritt2t2-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bateson_vers_2008,\n\taddress = {Paris},\n\ttitle = {Vers une écologie de l&#x27;esprit {T}. 2. {T}. 2.},\n\tisbn = {978-2-02-053233-4},\n\tlanguage = {French},\n\tpublisher = {Ed. du Seuil},\n\tauthor = {Bateson, Gregory},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tnote = {OCLC: 717575731},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2005\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2005')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2005')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2005</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"guattari-thethreeecologies-2005\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The three ecologies.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Guattari, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Continuum, London ; New York,  2005.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/guattari-thethreeecologies-2005\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('guattari-thethreeecologies-2005')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{guattari_three_2005,\n\taddress = {London ; New York},\n\ttitle = {The three ecologies},\n\tisbn = {978-0-485-00408-3 978-0-8264-8065-1},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tpublisher = {Continuum},\n\tauthor = {Guattari, Félix},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Human ecology, Philosophy},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mateas-proceduralliteracyeducatingthenewmediapractitioner-2005\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120510608133\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'mateas-proceduralliteracyeducatingthenewmediapractitioner-2005', 'https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120510608133', event);\">\n    Procedural literacy: educating the new media practitioner.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Mateas, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>On the Horizon</i>, 13(2): 101–111. January 2005.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120510608133\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mateas-proceduralliteracyeducatingthenewmediapractitioner-2005', 'https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120510608133', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Procedural literacy: educating the new media practitioner [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1108/10748120510608133\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mateas-proceduralliteracyeducatingthenewmediapractitioner-2005', 'http://doi.org/10.1108/10748120510608133', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mateas-proceduralliteracyeducatingthenewmediapractitioner-2005\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mateas-proceduralliteracyeducatingthenewmediapractitioner-2005')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{mateas_procedural_2005,\n\ttitle = {Procedural literacy: educating the new media practitioner},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1074-8121},\n\tshorttitle = {Procedural literacy},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120510608133},\n\tdoi = {10.1108/10748120510608133},\n\tabstract = {Purpose – Seeks to argue that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media. Design/methodology/approach – This paper looks at one of the earliest historical calls for universal procedural literacy, explores how games can serve as an ideal object around which to organize a procedural literacy curriculum, and describes a graduate course developed at Georgia Tech, Computation as an Expressive Medium, designed to be a first course in procedural literacy for new media practitioners. Findings – To achieve a broader and more profound procedural literacy will require developing an extended curriculum that starts in elementary school and continues through college. Encountering procedurality for the first time in a graduate level course is like a first language course in which students are asked to learn the grammar and vocabulary, read and comment on literature, and write short stories, all in one semester; one&#x27;s own students would certainly agree that this is a challenging proposition. Originality/value – New media scholars and practitioners, including game designers and game studies scholars, may assume that the “mere” technical details of code can be safely bracketed out of the consideration of the artifact. Contrary to this view, it is argued that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2019-12-28},\n\tjournal = {On the Horizon},\n\tauthor = {Mateas, Michael},\n\teditor = {Davidson, Drew},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Arts, Data and Algorithmic literacy, Education, Lu Thibault, Programming, Video games},\n\tpages = {101--111},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Purpose – Seeks to argue that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media. Design/methodology/approach – This paper looks at one of the earliest historical calls for universal procedural literacy, explores how games can serve as an ideal object around which to organize a procedural literacy curriculum, and describes a graduate course developed at Georgia Tech, Computation as an Expressive Medium, designed to be a first course in procedural literacy for new media practitioners. Findings – To achieve a broader and more profound procedural literacy will require developing an extended curriculum that starts in elementary school and continues through college. Encountering procedurality for the first time in a graduate level course is like a first language course in which students are asked to learn the grammar and vocabulary, read and comment on literature, and write short stories, all in one semester; one's own students would certainly agree that this is a challenging proposition. Originality/value – New media scholars and practitioners, including game designers and game studies scholars, may assume that the “mere” technical details of code can be safely bracketed out of the consideration of the artifact. Contrary to this view, it is argued that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kellner-share-towardcriticalmedialiteracycoreconceptsdebatesorganizationsandpolicy-2005\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200169\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kellner-share-towardcriticalmedialiteracycoreconceptsdebatesorganizationsandpolicy-2005', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200169', event);\">\n    Toward Critical Media Literacy: Core concepts, debates, organizations, and policy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kellner, D.;  and Share, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education</i>, 26(3): 369–386. September 2005.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200169\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kellner-share-towardcriticalmedialiteracycoreconceptsdebatesorganizationsandpolicy-2005', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200169', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Toward Critical Media Literacy: Core concepts, debates, organizations, and policy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200169\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kellner-share-towardcriticalmedialiteracycoreconceptsdebatesorganizationsandpolicy-2005', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200169', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kellner-share-towardcriticalmedialiteracycoreconceptsdebatesorganizationsandpolicy-2005\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kellner-share-towardcriticalmedialiteracycoreconceptsdebatesorganizationsandpolicy-2005')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kellner_toward_2005,\n\ttitle = {Toward {Critical} {Media} {Literacy}: {Core} concepts, debates, organizations, and policy},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tissn = {0159-6306},\n\tshorttitle = {Toward {Critical} {Media} {Literacy}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200169},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01596300500200169},\n\tabstract = {Media literacy education is not as advanced in the USA as in several other English speaking areas, such as Great Britain, Canada, and Australia. Despite decades of struggle since the 1970s by individuals and groups, media education is still only reaching a small percentage of K–12 schools in the US. While some major inroads have been made, such as getting elements of media literacy included in most of the 50 state&#x27;s educational standards and the launching of two national media education organizations, most teachers and students in the USA are not aware of issues involved in media literacy education. In this paper we set forth some models of media literacy, delineate key concepts of critical media literacy, and then examine some of the most active organizations in the USA and differences in their goals and pedagogy.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2020-01-31},\n\tjournal = {Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education},\n\tauthor = {Kellner, Douglas and Share, Jeff},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {369--386},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Media literacy education is not as advanced in the USA as in several other English speaking areas, such as Great Britain, Canada, and Australia. Despite decades of struggle since the 1970s by individuals and groups, media education is still only reaching a small percentage of K–12 schools in the US. While some major inroads have been made, such as getting elements of media literacy included in most of the 50 state's educational standards and the launching of two national media education organizations, most teachers and students in the USA are not aware of issues involved in media literacy education. In this paper we set forth some models of media literacy, delineate key concepts of critical media literacy, and then examine some of the most active organizations in the USA and differences in their goals and pedagogy.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2004\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2004')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2004')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2004</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schield-informationliteracystatisticalliteracydataliteracy-2004\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Information literacy, statistical literacy, data literacy.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schield, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>IASSIST Quarterly Summer</i>, 282(3).  2004.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.29173/iq790\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schield-informationliteracystatisticalliteracydataliteracy-2004', 'http://doi.org/10.29173/iq790', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schield-informationliteracystatisticalliteracydataliteracy-2004\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schield-informationliteracystatisticalliteracydataliteracy-2004')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{schield_information_2004,\n\ttitle = {Information literacy, statistical literacy, data literacy},\n\tvolume = {282},\n\tdoi = {10.29173/iq790},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {IASSIST Quarterly Summer},\n\tauthor = {Schield, Milo},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {Lu Thibault, Statistical Literacy},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2003\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2003')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2003')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2003</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"livingstone-thechangingnatureandusesofmedialiteracy-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'livingstone-thechangingnatureandusesofmedialiteracy-2003', 'http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse', event);\">\n    The changing nature and uses of media literacy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Livingstone, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2003.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('livingstone-thechangingnatureandusesofmedialiteracy-2003', 'http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The changing nature and uses of media literacy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/livingstone-thechangingnatureandusesofmedialiteracy-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('livingstone-thechangingnatureandusesofmedialiteracy-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{livingstone_changing_2003,\n\ttype = {Monograph},\n\ttitle = {The changing nature and uses of media literacy},\n\turl = {http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse},\n\tabstract = {The more that information and communication technologies become central to modern society, the more it is imperative to identify, and to manage the development of the skills and abilities required to use them. Within both academic and policy discourses, the concept of media literacy is being extended from its traditional focus on print and audiovisual media to encompass the internet and other new media. Hence, even though the concept of literacy has itself long proved contentious, there is widespread speculation regarding supposedly new forms of literacy – variously termed computer literacy, internet literacy, cyber-literacy, and so forth. The present article addresses three central questions currently facing the public, policy-makers and academy: What is media literacy? How is it changing? And what are the uses of literacy? The article begins with a definition: media literacy is the ability to access, analyse, evaluate and create messages across a variety of contexts. This four-component model is then examined for its applicability to the internet, as follows: • Access rests on a dynamic and social process, not a one-off act of provision. Once initial access is established, developing literacy leads users to alter significantly and continually the conditions of access (updating, upgrading and extending hardware and software applications). Problematically, given sociodemographic inequalities in material, social and symbolic resources, inequalities in access to online knowledge, communication and participation will continue. • People’s engagement with both print and audiovisual media has been shown to rely on a range of analytic competencies. In the audiovisual domain these include an understanding of the agency, categories, technologies, languages, representations and audiences for media. At present, not only is a parallel account of internet-related analytic skills highly underdeveloped but the public has yet to develop such skills and so to make the most of online opportunities. • There is little point in access or analysis without judgement, but a stress on evaluation raises, rightly, some difficult policy questions when specifying and legitimating appropriate bases of critical literacy – aesthetic, political, ideological and/or economic. The scope and purpose of evaluation is also disputed: is media literacy intended to promote a democratised, diverse, antielitist approach to online representations or should it underpin a more traditional, hierarchical discrimination of good from bad, authoritative from unauthorised, information and communication? • Although not all definitions of media literacy include the requirement to create, to produce symbolic texts, it is argued first, that people attain a deeper understanding of the conventions and merits of professionally produced material if they have direct experience of content production and second, that the internet par excellence is a medium which offers hitherto unimagined 1 The author wishes to thank John Carr, Peter Lunt, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. 2 opportunities for ordinary people to create online content. To exclude this from a definition of media literacy would be to greatly under-utilise the potential of the internet for the public. Having advocated this skills-based approach to media literacy in relation to the internet, the article identifies some outstanding issues for new media literacy, crucial to any policy of promoting media literacy among the population. • First, while insights from print and audiovisual media provide a valuable starting point, the literacy required for the use of new media, especially the internet, is also new in ways yet to be established. This is because media literacy is not reducible to a feature or skill of the user, but is better understood as a co-production of the interactive engagement between technology and user. Consequently, literacy is dependent on interface design and it changes as technology changes. • Second, the article examines the institutional interests at stake in promoting media literacy. Is media literacy intended to promote ideals of selfactualisation, cultural expression and aesthetic creativity or are these subordinate to the use of literacy to achieve a competitive advantage vital to a globalised information society? Or, is media literacy, like print literacy before it, conceived as the key means, even a right, by which citizens participate in society and by which the state regulates the manner and purposes of citizens’ participation? In conclusion, it is argued that literacy concerns the historically and culturally conditioned relationship among three processes: (i) the symbolic and material representation of knowledge, culture and values; (ii) the diffusion of interpretative skills and abilities across a (stratified) population; and (iii) the institutional, especially, the state management of the power that access to and skilled use of knowledge brings to those who are ‘literate’. This relationship among textuality, competence and power is grounded in a centuries-old struggle between enlightenment and critical scholarship, setting those who see literacy as democratising, empowering of ordinary people against those who see it as elitist, divisive, a source of inequality. Debates over literacy are, in short, debates about the manner and purposes of public participation in society. Without a democratic and critical approach to media literacy, the public will be positioned merely as selective receivers, consumers of online information and communication. The promise of media literacy, surely, is that it can form part of a strategy to reposition the media user - from passive to active, from recipient to participant, from consumer to citizen.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-01-31},\n\tauthor = {Livingstone, Sonia},\n\tyear = {2003},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The more that information and communication technologies become central to modern society, the more it is imperative to identify, and to manage the development of the skills and abilities required to use them. Within both academic and policy discourses, the concept of media literacy is being extended from its traditional focus on print and audiovisual media to encompass the internet and other new media. Hence, even though the concept of literacy has itself long proved contentious, there is widespread speculation regarding supposedly new forms of literacy – variously termed computer literacy, internet literacy, cyber-literacy, and so forth. The present article addresses three central questions currently facing the public, policy-makers and academy: What is media literacy? How is it changing? And what are the uses of literacy? The article begins with a definition: media literacy is the ability to access, analyse, evaluate and create messages across a variety of contexts. This four-component model is then examined for its applicability to the internet, as follows: • Access rests on a dynamic and social process, not a one-off act of provision. Once initial access is established, developing literacy leads users to alter significantly and continually the conditions of access (updating, upgrading and extending hardware and software applications). Problematically, given sociodemographic inequalities in material, social and symbolic resources, inequalities in access to online knowledge, communication and participation will continue. • People’s engagement with both print and audiovisual media has been shown to rely on a range of analytic competencies. In the audiovisual domain these include an understanding of the agency, categories, technologies, languages, representations and audiences for media. At present, not only is a parallel account of internet-related analytic skills highly underdeveloped but the public has yet to develop such skills and so to make the most of online opportunities. • There is little point in access or analysis without judgement, but a stress on evaluation raises, rightly, some difficult policy questions when specifying and legitimating appropriate bases of critical literacy – aesthetic, political, ideological and/or economic. The scope and purpose of evaluation is also disputed: is media literacy intended to promote a democratised, diverse, antielitist approach to online representations or should it underpin a more traditional, hierarchical discrimination of good from bad, authoritative from unauthorised, information and communication? • Although not all definitions of media literacy include the requirement to create, to produce symbolic texts, it is argued first, that people attain a deeper understanding of the conventions and merits of professionally produced material if they have direct experience of content production and second, that the internet par excellence is a medium which offers hitherto unimagined 1 The author wishes to thank John Carr, Peter Lunt, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. 2 opportunities for ordinary people to create online content. To exclude this from a definition of media literacy would be to greatly under-utilise the potential of the internet for the public. Having advocated this skills-based approach to media literacy in relation to the internet, the article identifies some outstanding issues for new media literacy, crucial to any policy of promoting media literacy among the population. • First, while insights from print and audiovisual media provide a valuable starting point, the literacy required for the use of new media, especially the internet, is also new in ways yet to be established. This is because media literacy is not reducible to a feature or skill of the user, but is better understood as a co-production of the interactive engagement between technology and user. Consequently, literacy is dependent on interface design and it changes as technology changes. • Second, the article examines the institutional interests at stake in promoting media literacy. Is media literacy intended to promote ideals of selfactualisation, cultural expression and aesthetic creativity or are these subordinate to the use of literacy to achieve a competitive advantage vital to a globalised information society? Or, is media literacy, like print literacy before it, conceived as the key means, even a right, by which citizens participate in society and by which the state regulates the manner and purposes of citizens’ participation? In conclusion, it is argued that literacy concerns the historically and culturally conditioned relationship among three processes: (i) the symbolic and material representation of knowledge, culture and values; (ii) the diffusion of interpretative skills and abilities across a (stratified) population; and (iii) the institutional, especially, the state management of the power that access to and skilled use of knowledge brings to those who are ‘literate’. This relationship among textuality, competence and power is grounded in a centuries-old struggle between enlightenment and critical scholarship, setting those who see literacy as democratising, empowering of ordinary people against those who see it as elitist, divisive, a source of inequality. Debates over literacy are, in short, debates about the manner and purposes of public participation in society. Without a democratic and critical approach to media literacy, the public will be positioned merely as selective receivers, consumers of online information and communication. The promise of media literacy, surely, is that it can form part of a strategy to reposition the media user - from passive to active, from recipient to participant, from consumer to citizen.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1998\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1998')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1998')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1998</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"norman-theinvisiblecomputerwhygoodproductscanfailthepersonalcomputerissocomplexandinformationappliancesarethesolution-1998\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The invisible computer: why good products can fail, the personal computer is so complex, and information appliances are the solution.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Norman, D. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.] MIT, 1. MIT Press paperback ed edition,  1998.\n  <span class=\"note\">OCLC: 246991881</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/norman-theinvisiblecomputerwhygoodproductscanfailthepersonalcomputerissocomplexandinformationappliancesarethesolution-1998\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('norman-theinvisiblecomputerwhygoodproductscanfailthepersonalcomputerissocomplexandinformationappliancesarethesolution-1998')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{norman_invisible_1998,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.] MIT},\n\tedition = {1. MIT Press paperback ed},\n\ttitle = {The invisible computer: why good products can fail, the personal computer is so complex, and information appliances are the solution},\n\tisbn = {978-0-262-64041-1 978-0-262-14065-2},\n\tshorttitle = {The invisible computer},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tauthor = {Norman, Donald A.},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tnote = {OCLC: 246991881},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hobbs-thesevengreatdebatesinthemedialiteracymovement-1998\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/48/1/16/4110072\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hobbs-thesevengreatdebatesinthemedialiteracymovement-1998', 'https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/48/1/16/4110072', event);\">\n    The Seven Great Debates in the Media Literacy Movement.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hobbs, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Communication</i>, 48(1): 16–32. March 1998.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/48/1/16/4110072\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hobbs-thesevengreatdebatesinthemedialiteracymovement-1998', 'https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/48/1/16/4110072', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Seven Great Debates in the Media Literacy Movement [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02734.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hobbs-thesevengreatdebatesinthemedialiteracymovement-1998', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02734.x', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hobbs-thesevengreatdebatesinthemedialiteracymovement-1998\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hobbs-thesevengreatdebatesinthemedialiteracymovement-1998')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hobbs_seven_1998,\n\ttitle = {The {Seven} {Great} {Debates} in the {Media} {Literacy} {Movement}},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tissn = {0021-9916},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/48/1/16/4110072},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02734.x},\n\tabstract = {Renée Hobbs;  The Seven Great Debates in the Media Literacy Movement, Journal of Communication, Volume 48, Issue 1, 1 March 1998, Pages 16–32, https://doi.org/1},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-01-31},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Communication},\n\tauthor = {Hobbs, Renée},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tpages = {16--32},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Renée Hobbs; The Seven Great Debates in the Media Literacy Movement, Journal of Communication, Volume 48, Issue 1, 1 March 1998, Pages 16–32, https://doi.org/1\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1996\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1996')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1996')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1996</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"star-ruhleder-stepstowardanecologyofinfrastructuredesignandaccessforlargeinformationspaces-1996\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Steps Toward an Ecology of Infrastructure: Design and Access for Large Information Spaces.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Star, S. L.;  and Ruhleder, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH</i>, 7(1): 25.  1996.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/star-ruhleder-stepstowardanecologyofinfrastructuredesignandaccessforlargeinformationspaces-1996\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('star-ruhleder-stepstowardanecologyofinfrastructuredesignandaccessforlargeinformationspaces-1996')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{star_steps_1996,\n\ttitle = {Steps {Toward} an {Ecology} of {Infrastructure}: {Design} and {Access} for {Large} {Information} {Spaces}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH},\n\tauthor = {Star, Susan Leigh and Ruhleder, Karen},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tpages = {25},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"forquin-coleetculturelepointdessociologuesbritanniques-1996\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  École et culture: le point des sociologues britanniques.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Forquin, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Pédagogies en développementDe Boeck Université, Paris, 2e éd edition,  1996.\n  <span class=\"note\">OCLC: 243869610</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/forquin-coleetculturelepointdessociologuesbritanniques-1996\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('forquin-coleetculturelepointdessociologuesbritanniques-1996')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{forquin_ecole_1996,\n\taddress = {Paris},\n\tedition = {2e éd},\n\tseries = {Pédagogies en développement},\n\ttitle = {École et culture: le point des sociologues britanniques},\n\tisbn = {978-2-8041-2271-3},\n\tshorttitle = {École et culture},\n\tlanguage = {fre},\n\tpublisher = {De Boeck Université},\n\tauthor = {Forquin, Jean-Claude},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {OCLC: 243869610},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1994\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1994')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1994')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1994</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"stiegler-latechniqueetletemps-1994\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  La technique et le temps.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Stiegler, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of La Philosophie en effetGalilée/Cité des sciences et de l'industrie, Paris,  1994.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/stiegler-latechniqueetletemps-1994\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('stiegler-latechniqueetletemps-1994')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{stiegler_technique_1994,\n\taddress = {Paris},\n\tseries = {La {Philosophie} en effet},\n\ttitle = {La technique et le temps},\n\tisbn = {978-2-7186-0440-4 978-2-7186-0468-8 978-2-7186-0563-0},\n\tpublisher = {Galilée/Cité des sciences et de l&#x27;industrie},\n\tauthor = {Stiegler, Bernard},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy, Technology},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1993\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1993')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1993')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1993</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"papert-thechildrensmachinerethinkingschoolintheageofthecomputer-1993\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The children's machine: rethinking school in the age of the computer.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Papert, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  BasicBooks, New York,  1993.\n  <span class=\"note\">OCLC: 27264650</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/papert-thechildrensmachinerethinkingschoolintheageofthecomputer-1993\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('papert-thechildrensmachinerethinkingschoolintheageofthecomputer-1993')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{papert_childrens_1993,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {The children&#x27;s machine: rethinking school in the age of the computer},\n\tisbn = {978-0-465-01063-9 978-0-465-01830-7},\n\tshorttitle = {The children&#x27;s machine},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tpublisher = {BasicBooks},\n\tauthor = {Papert, Seymour},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tnote = {OCLC: 27264650},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1983\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1983')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1983')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1983</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"roqueplo-penserlatechniquepourunedmocratieconcrte-1983\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Penser la technique: pour une démocratie concrète.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Roqueplo, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Science ouverteSeuil, Paris,  1983.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/roqueplo-penserlatechniquepourunedmocratieconcrte-1983\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('roqueplo-penserlatechniquepourunedmocratieconcrte-1983')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{roqueplo_penser_1983,\n\taddress = {Paris},\n\tseries = {Science ouverte},\n\ttitle = {Penser la technique: pour une démocratie concrète},\n\tisbn = {978-2-02-006337-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Penser la technique},\n\tpublisher = {Seuil},\n\tauthor = {Roqueplo, Philippe},\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy, Technology},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1981\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1981')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1981')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1981</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"denoblet-manifestepourledveloppementdelaculturetechniqueculturetechniqueetchangementdesocit-1981\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Manifeste pour le développement de la Culture Technique. Culture Technique et changement de société.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  De Noblet, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Culture Technique</i>, (6): 11–47.  1981.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/denoblet-manifestepourledveloppementdelaculturetechniqueculturetechniqueetchangementdesocit-1981\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('denoblet-manifestepourledveloppementdelaculturetechniqueculturetechniqueetchangementdesocit-1981')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{de_noblet_manifeste_1981,\n\ttitle = {Manifeste pour le développement de la {Culture} {Technique}. {Culture} {Technique} et changement de société},\n\tlanguage = {Français},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Culture Technique},\n\tauthor = {De Noblet, Jocelyn},\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tpages = {11--47},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1977\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1977')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1977')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1977</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"heidegger-thequestionconcerningtechnologyandotheressays-1977\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Heidegger, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Harper, New York,  1977.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/heidegger-thequestionconcerningtechnologyandotheressays-1977\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('heidegger-thequestionconcerningtechnologyandotheressays-1977')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{heidegger_question_1977,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {The {Question} {Concerning} {Technology}, and {Other} {Essays}},\n\tabstract = {The advent of machine technology has given rise to some of the deepest problems of modern thought. This newly packaged collection featuring Martin Heidegger&#x27;s celebrated essay &quot;The Question Concerning Technology,&quot; is an essential landmark in the philosophy of science from one of the most influential and profound thinkers of the twentieth century.},\n\tlanguage = {Anglais},\n\tpublisher = {Harper},\n\tauthor = {Heidegger, Martin},\n\tyear = {1977},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The advent of machine technology has given rise to some of the deepest problems of modern thought. This newly packaged collection featuring Martin Heidegger's celebrated essay \"The Question Concerning Technology,\" is an essential landmark in the philosophy of science from one of the most influential and profound thinkers of the twentieth century.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1973\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1973')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1973')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1973</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"granovetter-thestrengthofweakties-1973\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/www.jstor.org/stable/2776392\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'granovetter-thestrengthofweakties-1973', 'https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/www.jstor.org/stable/2776392', event);\">\n    The Strength of Weak Ties.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Granovetter, M. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>American Journal of Sociology</i>, 78(6): 1360–1380.  1973.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/www.jstor.org/stable/2776392\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('granovetter-thestrengthofweakties-1973', 'https://api.zotero.org/groups/2456157/www.jstor.org/stable/2776392', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Strength of Weak Ties [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/granovetter-thestrengthofweakties-1973\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('granovetter-thestrengthofweakties-1973')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{granovetter_strength_1973,\n\ttitle = {The {Strength} of {Weak} {Ties}},\n\tvolume = {78},\n\tissn = {0002-9602},\n\turl = {www.jstor.org/stable/2776392},\n\tabstract = {Analysis of social networks is suggested as a tool for linking micro and macro levels of sociological theory. The procedure is illustrated by elaboration of the macro implications of one aspect of small-scale interaction: the strength of dyadic ties. It is argued that the degree of overlap of two individuals&#x27; friendship networks varies directly with the strength of their tie to one another. The impact of this principle on diffusion of influence and information, mobility opportunity, and community organization is explored. Stress is laid on the cohesive power of weak ties. Most network models deal, implicitly, with strong ties, thus confining their applicability to small, well-defined groups. Emphasis on weak ties lends itself to discussion of relations between groups and to analysis of segments of social structure not easily defined in terms of primary groups.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2019-11-27},\n\tjournal = {American Journal of Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Granovetter, Mark S.},\n\tyear = {1973},\n\tpages = {1360--1380},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Analysis of social networks is suggested as a tool for linking micro and macro levels of sociological theory. The procedure is illustrated by elaboration of the macro implications of one aspect of small-scale interaction: the strength of dyadic ties. It is argued that the degree of overlap of two individuals' friendship networks varies directly with the strength of their tie to one another. The impact of this principle on diffusion of influence and information, mobility opportunity, and community organization is explored. Stress is laid on the cohesive power of weak ties. Most network models deal, implicitly, with strong ties, thus confining their applicability to small, well-defined groups. Emphasis on weak ties lends itself to discussion of relations between groups and to analysis of segments of social structure not easily defined in terms of primary groups.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1967\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1967')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1967')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1967</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"sears-freedman-selectiveexposuretoinformationacriticalreview-1967\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/31/2/194/1813651\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'sears-freedman-selectiveexposuretoinformationacriticalreview-1967', 'https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/31/2/194/1813651', event);\">\n    Selective exposure to information: A critical review.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Sears, D. O.;  and Freedman, J. L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Opinion Quarterly</i>, 31(2): 194–213. January 1967.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/31/2/194/1813651\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sears-freedman-selectiveexposuretoinformationacriticalreview-1967', 'https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/31/2/194/1813651', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Selective exposure to information: A critical review [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1086/267513\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sears-freedman-selectiveexposuretoinformationacriticalreview-1967', 'http://doi.org/10.1086/267513', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/sears-freedman-selectiveexposuretoinformationacriticalreview-1967\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('sears-freedman-selectiveexposuretoinformationacriticalreview-1967')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{sears_selective_1967,\n\ttitle = {Selective exposure to information: {A} critical review},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {0033-362X},\n\tshorttitle = {{SELECTIVE} {EXPOSURE} {TO} {INFORMATION}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/31/2/194/1813651},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/267513},\n\tabstract = {Abstract.  This study reviews the literature on selective exposure to information and re-analyzes prevalent theories by pointing up existing knowledge regarding},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2019-11-24},\n\tjournal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Sears, David O. and Freedman, Jonathan L.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1967},\n\tpages = {194--213},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Abstract. This study reviews the literature on selective exposure to information and re-analyzes prevalent theories by pointing up existing knowledge regarding\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);