var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"bib\":\"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2778310//collections/774TZMH8/items?key=ePGrtKdo02qmg6xhGdsjPW7e&format=bibtex&\",\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\",\"ssl\":false},\n      data: [{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"<i>δ</i>$^{\\\\textrm{13}}$C, CO$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$/$^{\\\\textrm{3}}$He and $^{\\\\textrm{3}}$He/$^{\\\\textrm{4}}$He ratios reveal the presence of mantle gas in the CO$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$-rich groundwaters of the Ardennes massif (Spa, Belgium)\",\"volume\":\"26\",\"issn\":\"1027-5606\",\"url\":\"https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/26/2637/2022/\",\"doi\":\"10.5194/hess-26-2637-2022\",\"abstract\":\"Although natural CO2-rich groundwaters of eastern Belgium have been known for centuries, the exact origin of their gas is still unclear. This paper presents the results of a sampling campaign in Belgium (Spa, Stoumont, Malmedy): 30 samples of both carbogaseous and non-carbogaseous groundwaters were analyzed for major elements, CO2 content and carbon isotopic composition. Among them, 13 samples were also analyzed for 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne ratios. The combination of δ13C (between ca. −9 ‰ VPDB1 and −2 ‰ VPDB), CO2/3He ratio (between 1.9×108 and 2.9×109) and 3He/4He (between 0.92 and 2.70 Ra) shows with a high level of confidence that the CO2 in the carbogaseous groundwater of Spa and Bru has a mantle origin. It can likely be attributed to the degassing of mantle from the neighboring Eifel volcanic fields, located at a distance of 100 km eastwards. The identity and nature of the deep-rooted fractures that act as CO2 transport pathways to the surface are still to be clarified, but several major thrust faults exist in the Rhenish Massif and could connect the Eifel volcanic fields with the studied area.\",\"language\":\"English\",\"number\":\"10\",\"urldate\":\"2023-02-25\",\"journal\":\"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Defourny\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Agathe\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Blard\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pierre-Henri\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zimmermann\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Laurent\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jobé\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Patrick\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Collignon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Arnaud\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nguyen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frédéric\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dassargues\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alain\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"pages\":\"2637–2648\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{defourny_13c_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {\\\\textit{δ}$^{\\\\textrm{13}}${C}, {CO}$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$/$^{\\\\textrm{3}}${He} and $^{\\\\textrm{3}}${He}/$^{\\\\textrm{4}}${He} ratios reveal the presence of mantle gas in the {CO}$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$-rich groundwaters of the {Ardennes} massif ({Spa}, {Belgium})},\\n\\tvolume = {26},\\n\\tissn = {1027-5606},\\n\\turl = {https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/26/2637/2022/},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5194/hess-26-2637-2022},\\n\\tabstract = {Although natural CO2-rich groundwaters of eastern Belgium have been known for centuries, the exact origin of their gas is still unclear. This paper presents the results of a sampling campaign in Belgium (Spa, Stoumont, Malmedy): 30 samples of both carbogaseous and non-carbogaseous groundwaters were analyzed for major elements, CO2 content and carbon isotopic composition. Among them, 13 samples were also analyzed for 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne ratios. The combination of δ13C (between ca. −9 ‰ VPDB1 and −2 ‰ VPDB), CO2/3He ratio (between 1.9×108 and 2.9×109) and 3He/4He (between 0.92 and 2.70 Ra) shows with a high level of confidence that the CO2 in the carbogaseous groundwater of Spa and Bru has a mantle origin. It can likely be attributed to the degassing of mantle from the neighboring Eifel volcanic fields, located at a distance of 100 km eastwards.\\n\\n The identity and nature of the deep-rooted fractures that act as CO2 transport pathways to the surface are still to be clarified, but several major thrust faults exist in the Rhenish Massif and could connect the Eifel volcanic fields with the studied area.},\\n\\tlanguage = {English},\\n\\tnumber = {10},\\n\\turldate = {2023-02-25},\\n\\tjournal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Defourny, Agathe and Blard, Pierre-Henri and Zimmermann, Laurent and Jobé, Patrick and Collignon, Arnaud and Nguyen, Frédéric and Dassargues, Alain},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tpages = {2637--2648},\\n}\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Defourny, A.\",\"Blard, P.\",\"Zimmermann, L.\",\"Jobé, P.\",\"Collignon, A.\",\"Nguyen, F.\",\"Dassargues, A.\"],\"key\":\"defourny_13c_2022\",\"id\":\"defourny_13c_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"defourny-blard-zimmermann-job-collignon-nguyen-dassargues-iitextrm13ccotextrm2textrm3heandtextrm3hetextrm4heratiosrevealthepresenceofmantlegasinthecotextrm2richgroundwatersoftheardennesmassifspabelgium-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/26/2637/2022/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"defourny, a\":\"https://www.europlanet-society.org/europlanet-2024-ri/ta2-dplf/ta2-facility-10-stable-rare-gas-and-radiogenic-isotope-facility-at-crpg/\"}},\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"owner\":\"defourny, a\",\"authorlinks\":{\"defourny, a\":\"https://www.europlanet-society.org/europlanet-2024-ri/ta2-dplf/ta2-facility-10-stable-rare-gas-and-radiogenic-isotope-facility-at-crpg/\"}},\n      ownerID: \"jAYJ7R8LScvNLsgRW\"\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing 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May 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/26/2637/2022/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('defourny-blard-zimmermann-job-collignon-nguyen-dassargues-iitextrm13ccotextrm2textrm3heandtextrm3hetextrm4heratiosrevealthepresenceofmantlegasinthecotextrm2richgroundwatersoftheardennesmassifspabelgium-2022', 'https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/26/2637/2022/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"&lt;i&gt;δ&lt;/i&gt;$^{\\textrm{13}}$C, CO$_{\\textrm{2}}$/$^{\\textrm{3}}$He and $^{\\textrm{3}}$He/$^{\\textrm{4}}$He ratios reveal the presence of mantle gas in the CO$_{\\textrm{2}}$-rich groundwaters of the Ardennes massif (Spa, Belgium) [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2637-2022\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('defourny-blard-zimmermann-job-collignon-nguyen-dassargues-iitextrm13ccotextrm2textrm3heandtextrm3hetextrm4heratiosrevealthepresenceofmantlegasinthecotextrm2richgroundwatersoftheardennesmassifspabelgium-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2637-2022', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/defourny-blard-zimmermann-job-collignon-nguyen-dassargues-iitextrm13ccotextrm2textrm3heandtextrm3hetextrm4heratiosrevealthepresenceofmantlegasinthecotextrm2richgroundwatersoftheardennesmassifspabelgium-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('defourny-blard-zimmermann-job-collignon-nguyen-dassargues-iitextrm13ccotextrm2textrm3heandtextrm3hetextrm4heratiosrevealthepresenceofmantlegasinthecotextrm2richgroundwatersoftheardennesmassifspabelgium-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{defourny_13c_2022,\n\ttitle = {\\textit{δ}$^{\\textrm{13}}${C}, {CO}$_{\\textrm{2}}$/$^{\\textrm{3}}${He} and $^{\\textrm{3}}${He}/$^{\\textrm{4}}${He} ratios reveal the presence of mantle gas in the {CO}$_{\\textrm{2}}$-rich groundwaters of the {Ardennes} massif ({Spa}, {Belgium})},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tissn = {1027-5606},\n\turl = {https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/26/2637/2022/},\n\tdoi = {10.5194/hess-26-2637-2022},\n\tabstract = {Although natural CO2-rich groundwaters of eastern Belgium have been known for centuries, the exact origin of their gas is still unclear. This paper presents the results of a sampling campaign in Belgium (Spa, Stoumont, Malmedy): 30 samples of both carbogaseous and non-carbogaseous groundwaters were analyzed for major elements, CO2 content and carbon isotopic composition. Among them, 13 samples were also analyzed for 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne ratios. The combination of δ13C (between ca. −9 ‰ VPDB1 and −2 ‰ VPDB), CO2/3He ratio (between 1.9×108 and 2.9×109) and 3He/4He (between 0.92 and 2.70 Ra) shows with a high level of confidence that the CO2 in the carbogaseous groundwater of Spa and Bru has a mantle origin. It can likely be attributed to the degassing of mantle from the neighboring Eifel volcanic fields, located at a distance of 100 km eastwards.\n\n The identity and nature of the deep-rooted fractures that act as CO2 transport pathways to the surface are still to be clarified, but several major thrust faults exist in the Rhenish Massif and could connect the Eifel volcanic fields with the studied area.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2023-02-25},\n\tjournal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Defourny, Agathe and Blard, Pierre-Henri and Zimmermann, Laurent and Jobé, Patrick and Collignon, Arnaud and Nguyen, Frédéric and Dassargues, Alain},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {2637--2648},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Although natural CO2-rich groundwaters of eastern Belgium have been known for centuries, the exact origin of their gas is still unclear. This paper presents the results of a sampling campaign in Belgium (Spa, Stoumont, Malmedy): 30 samples of both carbogaseous and non-carbogaseous groundwaters were analyzed for major elements, CO2 content and carbon isotopic composition. Among them, 13 samples were also analyzed for 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne ratios. The combination of δ13C (between ca. −9 ‰ VPDB1 and −2 ‰ VPDB), CO2/3He ratio (between 1.9×108 and 2.9×109) and 3He/4He (between 0.92 and 2.70 Ra) shows with a high level of confidence that the CO2 in the carbogaseous groundwater of Spa and Bru has a mantle origin. It can likely be attributed to the degassing of mantle from the neighboring Eifel volcanic fields, located at a distance of 100 km eastwards. The identity and nature of the deep-rooted fractures that act as CO2 transport pathways to the surface are still to be clarified, but several major thrust faults exist in the Rhenish Massif and could connect the Eifel volcanic fields with the studied area.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);