var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"bib\":\"https://api.zotero.org/groups/4755044/items?key=kE93HNi2EuWuVnze1T2AvXhL&format=bibtex&limit=100\",\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"theme\":\"simple\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\"},\n      data: [{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Trading off privacy and utility: The Washington State experience assessing the performance of a public health digital exposure notification system for COVID-19 [Accepted for Publication]\",\"journal\":\"JAMIA\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Segal\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"W.\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lorigan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2022\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{segal_trading_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Trading off privacy and utility: {The} {Washington} {State} experience assessing the performance of a public health digital exposure notification system for {COVID}-19 [{Accepted} for {Publication}]},\\n\\tjournal = {JAMIA},\\n\\tauthor = {Segal, C and Lober, W. B. and Lorigan, D and Karras, B. T. and Revere, D. and Baseman, J. G.},\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Segal, C\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Lorigan, D\",\"Karras, B. T.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Baseman, J. G.\"],\"key\":\"segal_trading_2022\",\"id\":\"segal_trading_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"segal-lober-lorigan-karras-revere-baseman-tradingoffprivacyandutilitythewashingtonstateexperienceassessingtheperformanceofapublichealthdigitalexposurenotificationsystemforcovid19acceptedforpublication-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Informatics Competencies for Public Health Professionals\",\"journal\":\"Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine\",\"author\":[{\"firstnames\":[],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Patrick W. O’Carroll\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2002\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{patrick_w_ocarroll_informatics_2002,\\n\\ttitle = {Informatics {Competencies} for {Public} {Health} {Professionals}},\\n\\tjournal = {Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine},\\n\\tauthor = {{Patrick W. O’Carroll}},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2002},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Patrick W. O’Carroll\"],\"key\":\"patrick_w_ocarroll_informatics_2002\",\"id\":\"patrick_w_ocarroll_informatics_2002\",\"bibbaseid\":\"patrickwocarroll-informaticscompetenciesforpublichealthprofessionals-2002\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Competencies for Public Health Informaticians 2009\",\"journal\":\"U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Workforce and Career Development and University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine's Center for Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bryant\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Richards\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janise\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Oberle\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hanrahan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Larry\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roderer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nancy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sondik\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Edward\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Davies\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jac\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Koo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Denise\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Foldy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Seth\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Detmer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Don\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Corn\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Milton\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Miner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kathleen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"O’Carroll\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Patrick\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lynch\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Cecil\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"LaVenture\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marty\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hare\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ginny\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Savel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thomas\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ross\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dave\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2009\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{karras_competencies_2009,\\n\\ttitle = {Competencies for {Public} {Health} {Informaticians} 2009},\\n\\tjournal = {U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Workforce and Career Development and University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine's Center for Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Karras, Bryant and Richards, Janise and Oberle, Mark and Hanrahan, Larry and Roderer, Nancy and Sondik, Edward and Davies, Jac and Koo, Denise and Foldy, Seth and Detmer, Don and Corn, Milton and Miner, Kathleen and O’Carroll, Patrick and Lynch, Cecil and LaVenture, Marty and Hare, Ginny and Savel, Thomas and Ross, Dave},\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Karras, B.\",\"Richards, J.\",\"Oberle, M.\",\"Hanrahan, L.\",\"Roderer, N.\",\"Sondik, E.\",\"Davies, J.\",\"Koo, D.\",\"Foldy, S.\",\"Detmer, D.\",\"Corn, M.\",\"Miner, K.\",\"O’Carroll, P.\",\"Lynch, C.\",\"LaVenture, M.\",\"Hare, G.\",\"Savel, T.\",\"Ross, D.\"],\"key\":\"karras_competencies_2009\",\"id\":\"karras_competencies_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"karras-richards-oberle-hanrahan-roderer-sondik-davies-koo-etal-competenciesforpublichealthinformaticians2009-2009\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Review of computer-generated outpatient health behavior interventions: clinical encounters \\\"in absentia\\\"\",\"volume\":\"8\",\"issn\":\"1067-5027\",\"shorttitle\":\"Review of computer-generated outpatient health behavior interventions\",\"doi\":\"10.1136/jamia.2001.0080062\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence of the effectiveness of computer-generated health behavior interventions-clinical encounters \\\"in absentia\\\"-as extensions of face-to-face patient care in an ambulatory setting. DATA SOURCES: Systematic electronic database and manual searches of multiple sources (1996-1999) plus search for gray literature were conducted to identify clinical trials using computer-generated health behavior interventions to motivate individuals to adopt treatment regimens, focusing on patient-interactive interventions and use of health behavior models. STUDY SELECTION: Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled studies with some evidence of instrument reliability and validity; use of at least one patient-interactive targeted or tailored feedback, reminder, or educational intervention intended to influence or improve a stated health behavior; and an association between one intervention variable and a health behavior. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were described by delivery device (print, automated telephone, computer, and mobile communication) and intervention type (personalized, targeted, and tailored). We employed qualitative methods to analyze the retrieval set and explore the issue of patient interactive computer-generated behavioral intervention systems. DATA SYNTHESIS: Studies varied widely in methodology, quality, subject number, and characteristics, measurement of effects and health behavior focus. Of 37 eligible trials, 34 (91.9 percent) reported either statistically significant or improved outcomes. Fourteen studies used targeted interventions; 23 used tailored. Of the 14 targeted intervention studies, 13 (92.9 percent) reported improved outcomes. Of the 23 tailored intervention studies, 21 (91.3 percent) reported improved outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The literature indicates that computer-generated health behavior interventions are effective. While there is evidence that tailored interventions can more positively affect health behavior change than can targeted, personalized or generic interventions, there is little research comparing different tailoring protocols with one another. Only those studies using print and telephone devices reported a theoretic basis for their methodology. Future studies need to identify which models are best suited to which health behavior, whether certain delivery devices are more appropriate for different health behaviors, and how ambulatory care can benefit from patients' use of portable devices.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dunbar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P.\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2001\",\"pmid\":\"11141513\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC134592\",\"keywords\":\"Ambulatory Care, Communication, Computer Systems, Exercise, Health Behavior, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Models, Psychological, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Patient Education as Topic, Preventive Health Services, Reminder Systems, Smoking Cessation, Telephone\",\"pages\":\"62–79\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_review_2001,\\n\\ttitle = {Review of computer-generated outpatient health behavior interventions: clinical encounters \\\"in absentia\\\"},\\n\\tvolume = {8},\\n\\tissn = {1067-5027},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Review of computer-generated outpatient health behavior interventions},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1136/jamia.2001.0080062},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence of the effectiveness of computer-generated health behavior interventions-clinical encounters \\\"in absentia\\\"-as extensions of face-to-face patient care in an ambulatory setting.\\nDATA SOURCES: Systematic electronic database and manual searches of multiple sources (1996-1999) plus search for gray literature were conducted to identify clinical trials using computer-generated health behavior interventions to motivate individuals to adopt treatment regimens, focusing on patient-interactive interventions and use of health behavior models.\\nSTUDY SELECTION: Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled studies with some evidence of instrument reliability and validity; use of at least one patient-interactive targeted or tailored feedback, reminder, or educational intervention intended to influence or improve a stated health behavior; and an association between one intervention variable and a health behavior.\\nDATA EXTRACTION: Studies were described by delivery device (print, automated telephone, computer, and mobile communication) and intervention type (personalized, targeted, and tailored). We employed qualitative methods to analyze the retrieval set and explore the issue of patient interactive computer-generated behavioral intervention systems.\\nDATA SYNTHESIS: Studies varied widely in methodology, quality, subject number, and characteristics, measurement of effects and health behavior focus. Of 37 eligible trials, 34 (91.9 percent) reported either statistically significant or improved outcomes. Fourteen studies used targeted interventions; 23 used tailored. Of the 14 targeted intervention studies, 13 (92.9 percent) reported improved outcomes. Of the 23 tailored intervention studies, 21 (91.3 percent) reported improved outcomes.\\nCONCLUSIONS: The literature indicates that computer-generated health behavior interventions are effective. While there is evidence that tailored interventions can more positively affect health behavior change than can targeted, personalized or generic interventions, there is little research comparing different tailoring protocols with one another. Only those studies using print and telephone devices reported a theoretic basis for their methodology. Future studies need to identify which models are best suited to which health behavior, whether certain delivery devices are more appropriate for different health behaviors, and how ambulatory care can benefit from patients' use of portable devices.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, D. and Dunbar, P. J.},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2001},\\n\\tpmid = {11141513},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC134592},\\n\\tkeywords = {Ambulatory Care, Communication, Computer Systems, Exercise, Health Behavior, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Models, Psychological, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Patient Education as Topic, Preventive Health Services, Reminder Systems, Smoking Cessation, Telephone},\\n\\tpages = {62--79},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Dunbar, P. J.\"],\"key\":\"revere_review_2001\",\"id\":\"revere_review_2001\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-dunbar-reviewofcomputergeneratedoutpatienthealthbehaviorinterventionsclinicalencountersinabsentia-2001\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Ambulatory Care\",\"Communication\",\"Computer Systems\",\"Exercise\",\"Health Behavior\",\"Humans\",\"Medical Informatics Applications\",\"Models\",\"Psychological\",\"Nutritional Physiological Phenomena\",\"Outcome Assessment\",\"Health Care\",\"Patient Education as Topic\",\"Preventive Health Services\",\"Reminder Systems\",\"Smoking Cessation\",\"Telephone\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Prescription drug monitoring program use and utility by Washington State pharmacists: A mixed-methods study\",\"volume\":\"60\",\"issn\":\"1544-3450\",\"shorttitle\":\"Prescription drug monitoring program use and utility by Washington State pharmacists\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.japh.2019.09.016\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVES: To explore factors and situations that influence pharmacists to use the prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) and to characterize actions taken by pharmacists after alarming scenarios from a PDMP query. DESIGN: Explanatory sequential 2-phase mixed-methods design: (1) cross-sectional Web-based survey of Washington State pharmacists followed by (2) interviews with purposefully selected respondents to explore statistically significant quantitative findings. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in Washington State from September 2018 to February 2019. A total of 967 Washington State pharmacists from various practice settings, including inpatient and outpatient pharmacies, participated. Ten outpatient pharmacists were interviewed in the second phase. OUTCOME MEASURES: The pharmacists reported the frequency of PDMP use, opinion on the usefulness of PDMP, and action(s) taken after a concerning PDMP report. RESULTS: The usable response rate for pharmacists with a PDMP account was 17.6% (818/4659), and usable response rate for all pharmacists was 10.4% (967/9263). PDMP use varied by race, practice setting, and employer policy on PDMP use. Among the 818 PDMP users, 396 (48%) used the database at least once during a shift. Frequent PDMP users were more likely to recommend naloxone compared with less frequent users (adjusted odds ratio 1.70 [95% CI 1.09-2.65], P = 0.02). The following 3 interview themes were identified: time, company policy, and red flags. CONCLUSION: PDMP has value to pharmacists of all practice settings studied. Frequent PDMP use may facilitate more pharmacist interventions, such as a naloxone prescription.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ryan\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mancl\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lloyd\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stergachis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"pmid\":\"31753615\",\"keywords\":\"Adult, Controlled Substances, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmacists, Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs, Washington, Young Adult\",\"pages\":\"57–65\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{pett_prescription_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Prescription drug monitoring program use and utility by {Washington} {State} pharmacists: {A} mixed-methods study},\\n\\tvolume = {60},\\n\\tissn = {1544-3450},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Prescription drug monitoring program use and utility by {Washington} {State} pharmacists},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.japh.2019.09.016},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: To explore factors and situations that influence pharmacists to use the prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) and to characterize actions taken by pharmacists after alarming scenarios from a PDMP query.\\nDESIGN: Explanatory sequential 2-phase mixed-methods design: (1) cross-sectional Web-based survey of Washington State pharmacists followed by (2) interviews with purposefully selected respondents to explore statistically significant quantitative findings.\\nSETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in Washington State from September 2018 to February 2019. A total of 967 Washington State pharmacists from various practice settings, including inpatient and outpatient pharmacies, participated. Ten outpatient pharmacists were interviewed in the second phase.\\nOUTCOME MEASURES: The pharmacists reported the frequency of PDMP use, opinion on the usefulness of PDMP, and action(s) taken after a concerning PDMP report.\\nRESULTS: The usable response rate for pharmacists with a PDMP account was 17.6\\\\% (818/4659), and usable response rate for all pharmacists was 10.4\\\\% (967/9263). PDMP use varied by race, practice setting, and employer policy on PDMP use. Among the 818 PDMP users, 396 (48\\\\%) used the database at least once during a shift. Frequent PDMP users were more likely to recommend naloxone compared with less frequent users (adjusted odds ratio 1.70 [95\\\\% CI 1.09-2.65], P = 0.02). The following 3 interview themes were identified: time, company policy, and red flags.\\nCONCLUSION: PDMP has value to pharmacists of all practice settings studied. Frequent PDMP use may facilitate more pharmacist interventions, such as a naloxone prescription.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA},\\n\\tauthor = {Pett, Ryan G. and Mancl, Lloyd and Revere, Debra and Stergachis, Andy},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tpmid = {31753615},\\n\\tkeywords = {Adult, Controlled Substances, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmacists, Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs, Washington, Young Adult},\\n\\tpages = {57--65},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pett, R. G.\",\"Mancl, L.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Stergachis, A.\"],\"key\":\"pett_prescription_2020\",\"id\":\"pett_prescription_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pett-mancl-revere-stergachis-prescriptiondrugmonitoringprogramuseandutilitybywashingtonstatepharmacistsamixedmethodsstudy-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Adult\",\"Controlled Substances\",\"Cross-Sectional Studies\",\"Female\",\"Humans\",\"Male\",\"Middle Aged\",\"Pharmacists\",\"Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs\",\"Washington\",\"Young Adult\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"A Mobile Breast Cancer Survivorship Care App: Pilot Study\",\"volume\":\"3\",\"issn\":\"2369-1999\",\"shorttitle\":\"A Mobile Breast Cancer Survivorship Care App\",\"doi\":\"10.2196/cancer.8192\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: Cancer survivors living in rural areas experience unique challenges due to additional burdens, such as travel and limited access to specialists. Rural survivors of breast cancer have reported poorer outcomes, poorer mental health and physical functioning, and lower-than-average quality of life compared to urban survivors. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and acceptability of developing a mobile health survivorship care app to facilitate care coordination; support medical, psychosocial, and practical needs; and improve survivors' long-term health outcomes. METHODS: An interactive prototype app, SmartSurvivor, was developed that included recommended survivorship care plan components. The prototype's feasibility and acceptability were tested by a sample of breast cancer survivors (n=6), primary care providers (n=4), and an oncologist (n=1). RESULTS: Overall, both survivors and providers felt that SmartSurvivor was a potentially valuable tool to support long-term survivorship care plan objectives. Portability, accessibility, and having one place for all contact, treatment, symptom tracking, and medication summaries was highly valued. CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study indicates that SmartSurvivor is a feasible and acceptable approach to meeting survivorship care objectives and the needs of both breast cancer survivors and their health care providers. Exploration of mobile health options for supporting survivorship care plan needs is a promising area of research.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"JMIR cancer\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baldwin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Laura-Mae\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"pmid\":\"28951383\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC5635232\",\"keywords\":\"breast neoplasms, data collection, feasibility studies, mobile apps, survivors, telemedicine\",\"pages\":\"e14\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{baseman_mobile_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {A {Mobile} {Breast} {Cancer} {Survivorship} {Care} {App}: {Pilot} {Study}},\\n\\tvolume = {3},\\n\\tissn = {2369-1999},\\n\\tshorttitle = {A {Mobile} {Breast} {Cancer} {Survivorship} {Care} {App}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2196/cancer.8192},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Cancer survivors living in rural areas experience unique challenges due to additional burdens, such as travel and limited access to specialists. Rural survivors of breast cancer have reported poorer outcomes, poorer mental health and physical functioning, and lower-than-average quality of life compared to urban survivors.\\nOBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and acceptability of developing a mobile health survivorship care app to facilitate care coordination; support medical, psychosocial, and practical needs; and improve survivors' long-term health outcomes.\\nMETHODS: An interactive prototype app, SmartSurvivor, was developed that included recommended survivorship care plan components. The prototype's feasibility and acceptability were tested by a sample of breast cancer survivors (n=6), primary care providers (n=4), and an oncologist (n=1).\\nRESULTS: Overall, both survivors and providers felt that SmartSurvivor was a potentially valuable tool to support long-term survivorship care plan objectives. Portability, accessibility, and having one place for all contact, treatment, symptom tracking, and medication summaries was highly valued.\\nCONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study indicates that SmartSurvivor is a feasible and acceptable approach to meeting survivorship care objectives and the needs of both breast cancer survivors and their health care providers. Exploration of mobile health options for supporting survivorship care plan needs is a promising area of research.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {JMIR cancer},\\n\\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra and Baldwin, Laura-Mae},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tpmid = {28951383},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC5635232},\\n\\tkeywords = {breast neoplasms, data collection, feasibility studies, mobile apps, survivors, telemedicine},\\n\\tpages = {e14},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baseman, J.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Baldwin, L.\"],\"key\":\"baseman_mobile_2017\",\"id\":\"baseman_mobile_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baseman-revere-baldwin-amobilebreastcancersurvivorshipcareapppilotstudy-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"breast neoplasms\",\"data collection\",\"feasibility studies\",\"mobile apps\",\"survivors\",\"telemedicine\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Improving Consumer Understanding of Medical Text: Development and Validation of a New SubSimplify Algorithm to Automatically Generate Term Explanations in English and Spanish\",\"volume\":\"20\",\"issn\":\"1438-8871\",\"shorttitle\":\"Improving Consumer Understanding of Medical Text\",\"doi\":\"10.2196/10779\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: While health literacy is important for people to maintain good health and manage diseases, medical educational texts are often written beyond the reading level of the average individual. To mitigate this disconnect, text simplification research provides methods to increase readability and, therefore, comprehension. One method of text simplification is to isolate particularly difficult terms within a document and replace them with easier synonyms (lexical simplification) or an explanation in plain language (semantic simplification). Unfortunately, existing dictionaries are seldom complete, and consequently, resources for many difficult terms are unavailable. This is the case for English and Spanish resources. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to automatically generate explanations for difficult terms in both English and Spanish when they are not covered by existing resources. The system we present combines existing resources for explanation generation using a novel algorithm (SubSimplify) to create additional explanations. METHODS: SubSimplify uses word-level parsing techniques and specialized medical affix dictionaries to identify the morphological units of a term and then source their definitions. While the underlying resources are different, SubSimplify applies the same principles in both languages. To evaluate our approach, we used term familiarity to identify difficult terms in English and Spanish and then generated explanations for them. For each language, we extracted 400 difficult terms from two different article types (General and Medical topics) balanced for frequency. For English terms, we compared SubSimplify's explanation with the explanations from the Consumer Health Vocabulary, WordNet Synonyms and Summaries, as well as Word Embedding Vector (WEV) synonyms. For Spanish terms, we compared the explanation to WordNet Summaries and WEV Embedding synonyms. We evaluated quality, coverage, and usefulness for the simplification provided for each term. Quality is the average score from two subject experts on a 1-4 Likert scale (two per language) for the synonyms or explanations provided by the source. Coverage is the number of terms for which a source could provide an explanation. Usefulness is the same expert score, however, with a 0 assigned when no explanations or synonyms were available for a term. RESULTS: SubSimplify resulted in quality scores of 1.64 for English (P\\\\textless.001) and 1.49 for Spanish (P\\\\textless.001), which were lower than those of existing resources (Consumer Health Vocabulary [CHV]=2.81). However, in coverage, SubSimplify outperforms all existing written resources, increasing the coverage from 53.0% to 80.5% in English and from 20.8% to 90.8% in Spanish (P\\\\textless.001). This result means that the usefulness score of SubSimplify (1.32; P\\\\textless.001) is greater than that of most existing resources (eg, CHV=0.169). CONCLUSIONS: Our approach is intended as an additional resource to existing, manually created resources. It greatly increases the number of difficult terms for which an easier alternative can be made available, resulting in greater actual usefulness.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"8\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Medical Internet Research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kloehn\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nicholas\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Leroy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gondy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kauchak\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yang\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Colina\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sonia\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yuan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nicole\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"pmid\":\"30072361\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC6096166\",\"keywords\":\"Algorithms, Comprehension, Health Literacy, Humans, Language, Semantics, Validation Studies as Topic, health literacy, natural language processing, terminology, text simplification\",\"pages\":\"e10779\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kloehn_improving_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Improving {Consumer} {Understanding} of {Medical} {Text}: {Development} and {Validation} of a {New} {SubSimplify} {Algorithm} to {Automatically} {Generate} {Term} {Explanations} in {English} and {Spanish}},\\n\\tvolume = {20},\\n\\tissn = {1438-8871},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Improving {Consumer} {Understanding} of {Medical} {Text}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2196/10779},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: While health literacy is important for people to maintain good health and manage diseases, medical educational texts are often written beyond the reading level of the average individual. To mitigate this disconnect, text simplification research provides methods to increase readability and, therefore, comprehension. One method of text simplification is to isolate particularly difficult terms within a document and replace them with easier synonyms (lexical simplification) or an explanation in plain language (semantic simplification). Unfortunately, existing dictionaries are seldom complete, and consequently, resources for many difficult terms are unavailable. This is the case for English and Spanish resources.\\nOBJECTIVE: Our objective was to automatically generate explanations for difficult terms in both English and Spanish when they are not covered by existing resources. The system we present combines existing resources for explanation generation using a novel algorithm (SubSimplify) to create additional explanations.\\nMETHODS: SubSimplify uses word-level parsing techniques and specialized medical affix dictionaries to identify the morphological units of a term and then source their definitions. While the underlying resources are different, SubSimplify applies the same principles in both languages. To evaluate our approach, we used term familiarity to identify difficult terms in English and Spanish and then generated explanations for them. For each language, we extracted 400 difficult terms from two different article types (General and Medical topics) balanced for frequency. For English terms, we compared SubSimplify's explanation with the explanations from the Consumer Health Vocabulary, WordNet Synonyms and Summaries, as well as Word Embedding Vector (WEV) synonyms. For Spanish terms, we compared the explanation to WordNet Summaries and WEV Embedding synonyms. We evaluated quality, coverage, and usefulness for the simplification provided for each term. Quality is the average score from two subject experts on a 1-4 Likert scale (two per language) for the synonyms or explanations provided by the source. Coverage is the number of terms for which a source could provide an explanation. Usefulness is the same expert score, however, with a 0 assigned when no explanations or synonyms were available for a term.\\nRESULTS: SubSimplify resulted in quality scores of 1.64 for English (P{\\\\textless}.001) and 1.49 for Spanish (P{\\\\textless}.001), which were lower than those of existing resources (Consumer Health Vocabulary [CHV]=2.81). However, in coverage, SubSimplify outperforms all existing written resources, increasing the coverage from 53.0\\\\% to 80.5\\\\% in English and from 20.8\\\\% to 90.8\\\\% in Spanish (P{\\\\textless}.001). This result means that the usefulness score of SubSimplify (1.32; P{\\\\textless}.001) is greater than that of most existing resources (eg, CHV=0.169).\\nCONCLUSIONS: Our approach is intended as an additional resource to existing, manually created resources. It greatly increases the number of difficult terms for which an easier alternative can be made available, resulting in greater actual usefulness.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {8},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},\\n\\tauthor = {Kloehn, Nicholas and Leroy, Gondy and Kauchak, David and Gu, Yang and Colina, Sonia and Yuan, Nicole P. and Revere, Debra},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tpmid = {30072361},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC6096166},\\n\\tkeywords = {Algorithms, Comprehension, Health Literacy, Humans, Language, Semantics, Validation Studies as Topic, health literacy, natural language processing, terminology, text simplification},\\n\\tpages = {e10779},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kloehn, N.\",\"Leroy, G.\",\"Kauchak, D.\",\"Gu, Y.\",\"Colina, S.\",\"Yuan, N. P.\",\"Revere, D.\"],\"key\":\"kloehn_improving_2018\",\"id\":\"kloehn_improving_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kloehn-leroy-kauchak-gu-colina-yuan-revere-improvingconsumerunderstandingofmedicaltextdevelopmentandvalidationofanewsubsimplifyalgorithmtoautomaticallygeneratetermexplanationsinenglishandspanish-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Algorithms\",\"Comprehension\",\"Health Literacy\",\"Humans\",\"Language\",\"Semantics\",\"Validation Studies as Topic\",\"health literacy\",\"natural language processing\",\"terminology\",\"text simplification\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"An interactive digital knowledge management system to improve public health practitioners' access to public health resources\",\"issn\":\"1942-597X\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fuller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sherrilynne\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bugni\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paul\",\"F.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2006\",\"pmid\":\"17238693\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC1839488\",\"keywords\":\"Access to Information, Information Management, Information Systems, Public Health Informatics\",\"pages\":\"1074\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_interactive_2006,\\n\\ttitle = {An interactive digital knowledge management system to improve public health practitioners' access to public health resources},\\n\\tissn = {1942-597X},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Fuller, Sherrilynne and Bugni, Paul F.},\\n\\tyear = {2006},\\n\\tpmid = {17238693},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC1839488},\\n\\tkeywords = {Access to Information, Information Management, Information Systems, Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tpages = {1074},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Fuller, S.\",\"Bugni, P. F.\"],\"key\":\"revere_interactive_2006\",\"id\":\"revere_interactive_2006\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-fuller-bugni-aninteractivedigitalknowledgemanagementsystemtoimprovepublichealthpractitionersaccesstopublichealthresources-2006\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Access to Information\",\"Information Management\",\"Information Systems\",\"Public Health Informatics\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Notifiable condition reporting practices: implications for public health agency participation in a health information exchange\",\"volume\":\"17\",\"issn\":\"1471-2458\",\"shorttitle\":\"Notifiable condition reporting practices\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12889-017-4156-4\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: The future of notifiable condition reporting in the United States is undergoing a transformation with the increasing development of Health Information Exchanges which support electronic data-sharing and -transfer networks and the wider adoption of electronic laboratory reporting. Communicable disease report forms originating in clinics are an important source of surveillance data for public health agencies. However, problems of poor data quality and delayed submission of reports to public health agencies are common. In addition, studies of barriers and facilitators to reporting have assumed that the primary reporter is the treating physician, although the extent to which a provider is involved in the reporting workflow is unclear. We sought to better understand the barriers to and burden of notifiable condition reporting from the perspectives of the three primary groups involved in reporting workflow: providers, clinic staff who bear the principal responsibility for reporting, and the public health workers who receive and process reports from clinics. In addition, we sought to situate these findings within the context of the future of notifiable disease reporting and the potential impacts of electronic lab and medical records on the surveillance system. METHODS: Seven ambulatory care clinics and 3 public health agencies that are part of a Health Information Exchange in the state of Indiana, USA, participated in the study. Data were obtained from a survey of clinic physicians (N = 29), interviews with clinic reporters (N = 11), and interviews with public health workers (N = 9). Survey data were summarized descriptively and interview transcripts underwent qualitative analysis. RESULTS: In both clinics and public health agencies, the laboratory report initiates reporting workflow. Provider involvement with reporting primarily revolves around ordering medications to treat a condition confirmed by the lab result. In clinics, reporting is typically the responsibility of clinic reporters who vary in frequency of reporting. We found an association between frequency of reporting, reporting knowledge and perceptions of reporting burden. In both clinics and public health agencies, interruptions and delays in reporting workflow are encountered due to inaccurate or missing information and impact reporting timeliness, data quality and report completeness. Both providers and clinic reporters lack clarity regarding how data submitted by their reports are used by public health agencies. It is possible that the value of reporting may be diminished when those responsible do not perceive receiving benefit in return. This may account for the low awareness of or recollection of public health communications with clinics that we observed. Despite the high likelihood that public health advisories and guidance are based, in part, on data submitted by clinics, a direct concordance may not be recognized. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike most studies of notifiable condition reporting, this study included the clinic reporters who bear primary responsibility for completing and submitting reports to public health agencies. A primary barrier to this reporting is timely and easy access to data. It is possible that expanded adoption of electronic health record and laboratory reporting systems will improve access to this data and reduce reporting the burden. However, a complete reliance on automatic electronic extraction of data requires caution and necessitates continued interfacing with clinic reporters for the foreseeable future-particularly for notifiable conditions that are high-impact, uncommon, prone to false positive readings by labs, or are hard to verify. An important finding of this study is the association between frequency of reporting, reporting knowledge and perceptions of reporting burden. Increased automation could result in even lower reporting knowledge and familiarity with reporting requirements which could actually increase reporters' perception of notifiable condition reporting as burdensome. Another finding was of uncertainty regarding how data sent to public health agencies is used or provides clinical benefit. A strong recommendation generated by these findings is that, given their central role in reporting, clinic reporters are a significant target audience for public health outreach and education that aims to alleviate perceived reporting burden and improve reporting knowledge. In particular, communicating the benefits of public health's use of the data may reduce a perceived lack of information reciprocity between clinical and public health organizations.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"BMC public health\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\",\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dixon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brian\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gibson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P.\",\"Joseph\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grannis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shaun\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"pmid\":\"28284190\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC5346201\",\"keywords\":\"Attitude of Health Personnel, Communicable Diseases, Disease Notification, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Health Personnel, Humans, Indiana, Information Dissemination, Interprofessional Relations, Population Surveillance, Public Health, Public Health Surveillance, Qualitative Research, Quality Control, Surveys and Questionnaires\",\"pages\":\"247\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_notifiable_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Notifiable condition reporting practices: implications for public health agency participation in a health information exchange},\\n\\tvolume = {17},\\n\\tissn = {1471-2458},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Notifiable condition reporting practices},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1186/s12889-017-4156-4},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: The future of notifiable condition reporting in the United States is undergoing a transformation with the increasing development of Health Information Exchanges which support electronic data-sharing and -transfer networks and the wider adoption of electronic laboratory reporting. Communicable disease report forms originating in clinics are an important source of surveillance data for public health agencies. However, problems of poor data quality and delayed submission of reports to public health agencies are common. In addition, studies of barriers and facilitators to reporting have assumed that the primary reporter is the treating physician, although the extent to which a provider is involved in the reporting workflow is unclear. We sought to better understand the barriers to and burden of notifiable condition reporting from the perspectives of the three primary groups involved in reporting workflow: providers, clinic staff who bear the principal responsibility for reporting, and the public health workers who receive and process reports from clinics. In addition, we sought to situate these findings within the context of the future of notifiable disease reporting and the potential impacts of electronic lab and medical records on the surveillance system.\\nMETHODS: Seven ambulatory care clinics and 3 public health agencies that are part of a Health Information Exchange in the state of Indiana, USA, participated in the study. Data were obtained from a survey of clinic physicians (N = 29), interviews with clinic reporters (N = 11), and interviews with public health workers (N = 9). Survey data were summarized descriptively and interview transcripts underwent qualitative analysis.\\nRESULTS: In both clinics and public health agencies, the laboratory report initiates reporting workflow. Provider involvement with reporting primarily revolves around ordering medications to treat a condition confirmed by the lab result. In clinics, reporting is typically the responsibility of clinic reporters who vary in frequency of reporting. We found an association between frequency of reporting, reporting knowledge and perceptions of reporting burden. In both clinics and public health agencies, interruptions and delays in reporting workflow are encountered due to inaccurate or missing information and impact reporting timeliness, data quality and report completeness. Both providers and clinic reporters lack clarity regarding how data submitted by their reports are used by public health agencies. It is possible that the value of reporting may be diminished when those responsible do not perceive receiving benefit in return. This may account for the low awareness of or recollection of public health communications with clinics that we observed. Despite the high likelihood that public health advisories and guidance are based, in part, on data submitted by clinics, a direct concordance may not be recognized.\\nCONCLUSIONS: Unlike most studies of notifiable condition reporting, this study included the clinic reporters who bear primary responsibility for completing and submitting reports to public health agencies. A primary barrier to this reporting is timely and easy access to data. It is possible that expanded adoption of electronic health record and laboratory reporting systems will improve access to this data and reduce reporting the burden. However, a complete reliance on automatic electronic extraction of data requires caution and necessitates continued interfacing with clinic reporters for the foreseeable future-particularly for notifiable conditions that are high-impact, uncommon, prone to false positive readings by labs, or are hard to verify. An important finding of this study is the association between frequency of reporting, reporting knowledge and perceptions of reporting burden. Increased automation could result in even lower reporting knowledge and familiarity with reporting requirements which could actually increase reporters' perception of notifiable condition reporting as burdensome. Another finding was of uncertainty regarding how data sent to public health agencies is used or provides clinical benefit. A strong recommendation generated by these findings is that, given their central role in reporting, clinic reporters are a significant target audience for public health outreach and education that aims to alleviate perceived reporting burden and improve reporting knowledge. In particular, communicating the benefits of public health's use of the data may reduce a perceived lack of information reciprocity between clinical and public health organizations.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {BMC public health},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Hills, Rebecca H. and Dixon, Brian E. and Gibson, P. Joseph and Grannis, Shaun J.},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tpmid = {28284190},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC5346201},\\n\\tkeywords = {Attitude of Health Personnel, Communicable Diseases, Disease Notification, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Health Personnel, Humans, Indiana, Information Dissemination, Interprofessional Relations, Population Surveillance, Public Health, Public Health Surveillance, Qualitative Research, Quality Control, Surveys and Questionnaires},\\n\\tpages = {247},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Hills, R. H.\",\"Dixon, B. E.\",\"Gibson, P. J.\",\"Grannis, S. J.\"],\"key\":\"revere_notifiable_2017\",\"id\":\"revere_notifiable_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-hills-dixon-gibson-grannis-notifiableconditionreportingpracticesimplicationsforpublichealthagencyparticipationinahealthinformationexchange-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Attitude of Health Personnel\",\"Communicable Diseases\",\"Disease Notification\",\"Electronic Health Records\",\"Health Information Exchange\",\"Health Personnel\",\"Humans\",\"Indiana\",\"Information Dissemination\",\"Interprofessional Relations\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Public Health\",\"Public Health Surveillance\",\"Qualitative Research\",\"Quality Control\",\"Surveys and Questionnaires\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Towards automatic extraction of research findings from the literature\",\"issn\":\"1942-597X\",\"abstract\":\"Most information extraction systems only process an article's title and abstract. However, a major source of research findings is an article's tables and figures. The aim of this study is to: (1) explore the efficacy of applying a hybrid information extraction system to the problem of identifying research findings in the scientific literature and (2) improve results by processing article title, abstract and table/figure text.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hristovski\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dimitar\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bugni\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paul\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fuller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sherrilynne\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Friedman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carol\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rindflesch\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thomas\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2007\",\"pmid\":\"18694079\",\"keywords\":\"Biomedical Research, Information Storage and Retrieval, Natural Language Processing, Publications\",\"pages\":\"979\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hristovski_towards_2007,\\n\\ttitle = {Towards automatic extraction of research findings from the literature},\\n\\tissn = {1942-597X},\\n\\tabstract = {Most information extraction systems only process an article's title and abstract. However, a major source of research findings is an article's tables and figures. The aim of this study is to: (1) explore the efficacy of applying a hybrid information extraction system to the problem of identifying research findings in the scientific literature and (2) improve results by processing article title, abstract and table/figure text.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Hristovski, Dimitar and Revere, Debra and Bugni, Paul and Fuller, Sherrilynne and Friedman, Carol and Rindflesch, Thomas C.},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2007},\\n\\tpmid = {18694079},\\n\\tkeywords = {Biomedical Research, Information Storage and Retrieval, Natural Language Processing, Publications},\\n\\tpages = {979},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hristovski, D.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Bugni, P.\",\"Fuller, S.\",\"Friedman, C.\",\"Rindflesch, T. C.\"],\"key\":\"hristovski_towards_2007\",\"id\":\"hristovski_towards_2007\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hristovski-revere-bugni-fuller-friedman-rindflesch-towardsautomaticextractionofresearchfindingsfromtheliterature-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Biomedical Research\",\"Information Storage and Retrieval\",\"Natural Language Processing\",\"Publications\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Measuring the impact of a health information exchange intervention on provider-based notifiable disease reporting using mixed methods: a study protocol\",\"volume\":\"13\",\"issn\":\"1472-6947\",\"shorttitle\":\"Measuring the impact of a health information exchange intervention on provider-based notifiable disease reporting using mixed methods\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/1472-6947-13-121\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: Health information exchange (HIE) is the electronic sharing of data and information between clinical care and public health entities. Previous research has shown that using HIE to electronically report laboratory results to public health can improve surveillance practice, yet there has been little utilization of HIE for improving provider-based disease reporting. This article describes a study protocol that uses mixed methods to evaluate an intervention to electronically pre-populate provider-based notifiable disease case reporting forms with clinical, laboratory and patient data available through an operational HIE. The evaluation seeks to: (1) identify barriers and facilitators to implementation, adoption and utilization of the intervention; (2) measure impacts on workflow, provider awareness, and end-user satisfaction; and (3) describe the contextual factors that impact the effectiveness of the intervention within heterogeneous clinical settings and the HIE. METHODS/DESIGN: The intervention will be implemented over a staggered schedule in one of the largest and oldest HIE infrastructures in the U.S., the Indiana Network for Patient Care. Evaluation will be conducted utilizing a concurrent design mixed methods framework in which qualitative methods are embedded within the quantitative methods. Quantitative data will include reporting rates, timeliness and burden and report completeness and accuracy, analyzed using interrupted time-series and other pre-post comparisons. Qualitative data regarding pre-post provider perceptions of report completeness, accuracy, and timeliness, reporting burden, data quality, benefits, utility, adoption, utilization and impact on reporting workflow will be collected using semi-structured interviews and open-ended survey items. Data will be triangulated to find convergence or agreement by cross-validating results to produce a contextualized portrayal of the facilitators and barriers to implementation and use of the intervention. DISCUSSION: By applying mixed research methods and measuring context, facilitators and barriers, and individual, organizational and data quality factors that may impact adoption and utilization of the intervention, we will document whether and how the intervention streamlines provider-based manual reporting workflows, lowers barriers to reporting, increases data completeness, improves reporting timeliness and captures a greater portion of communicable disease burden in the community.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"BMC medical informatics and decision making\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dixon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brian\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grannis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shaun\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"pmid\":\"24171799\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3819468\",\"keywords\":\"Clinical Laboratory Information Systems, Clinical Trials as Topic, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Systems, Humans, Information Dissemination, Population Surveillance, Public Health Surveillance, Research Design\",\"pages\":\"121\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{dixon_measuring_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Measuring the impact of a health information exchange intervention on provider-based notifiable disease reporting using mixed methods: a study protocol},\\n\\tvolume = {13},\\n\\tissn = {1472-6947},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Measuring the impact of a health information exchange intervention on provider-based notifiable disease reporting using mixed methods},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1186/1472-6947-13-121},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Health information exchange (HIE) is the electronic sharing of data and information between clinical care and public health entities. Previous research has shown that using HIE to electronically report laboratory results to public health can improve surveillance practice, yet there has been little utilization of HIE for improving provider-based disease reporting. This article describes a study protocol that uses mixed methods to evaluate an intervention to electronically pre-populate provider-based notifiable disease case reporting forms with clinical, laboratory and patient data available through an operational HIE. The evaluation seeks to: (1) identify barriers and facilitators to implementation, adoption and utilization of the intervention; (2) measure impacts on workflow, provider awareness, and end-user satisfaction; and (3) describe the contextual factors that impact the effectiveness of the intervention within heterogeneous clinical settings and the HIE.\\nMETHODS/DESIGN: The intervention will be implemented over a staggered schedule in one of the largest and oldest HIE infrastructures in the U.S., the Indiana Network for Patient Care. Evaluation will be conducted utilizing a concurrent design mixed methods framework in which qualitative methods are embedded within the quantitative methods. Quantitative data will include reporting rates, timeliness and burden and report completeness and accuracy, analyzed using interrupted time-series and other pre-post comparisons. Qualitative data regarding pre-post provider perceptions of report completeness, accuracy, and timeliness, reporting burden, data quality, benefits, utility, adoption, utilization and impact on reporting workflow will be collected using semi-structured interviews and open-ended survey items. Data will be triangulated to find convergence or agreement by cross-validating results to produce a contextualized portrayal of the facilitators and barriers to implementation and use of the intervention.\\nDISCUSSION: By applying mixed research methods and measuring context, facilitators and barriers, and individual, organizational and data quality factors that may impact adoption and utilization of the intervention, we will document whether and how the intervention streamlines provider-based manual reporting workflows, lowers barriers to reporting, increases data completeness, improves reporting timeliness and captures a greater portion of communicable disease burden in the community.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {BMC medical informatics and decision making},\\n\\tauthor = {Dixon, Brian E. and Grannis, Shaun J. and Revere, Debra},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tpmid = {24171799},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3819468},\\n\\tkeywords = {Clinical Laboratory Information Systems, Clinical Trials as Topic, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Systems, Humans, Information Dissemination, Population Surveillance, Public Health Surveillance, Research Design},\\n\\tpages = {121},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dixon, B. E.\",\"Grannis, S. J.\",\"Revere, D.\"],\"key\":\"dixon_measuring_2013\",\"id\":\"dixon_measuring_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dixon-grannis-revere-measuringtheimpactofahealthinformationexchangeinterventiononproviderbasednotifiablediseasereportingusingmixedmethodsastudyprotocol-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Clinical Laboratory Information Systems\",\"Clinical Trials as Topic\",\"Electronic Health Records\",\"Health Information Systems\",\"Humans\",\"Information Dissemination\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Public Health Surveillance\",\"Research Design\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Northwest Public Health Information Exchange's Accomplishments in Connecting a Health Information Exchange with Public Health\",\"volume\":\"2\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3210\",\"abstract\":\"In 2007 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Request for Proposal for the \\\"Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchange\\\" project. The Situational Awareness project's goals are to connect public health with health information exchanges (HIEs) to improve public health's real-time understanding of communities' population health and healthcare facility status. During this same time period the Health and Human Services' Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology released several reports identifying the growing number of communities involved in health information exchange and outlining the requirements for a Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN). CDC saw the possibilities of using HIEs and the NHIN to accelerate the real-time sharing of clinical and facility-based resource utilization information to enhance local, state, regional, and federal public health in responding to and managing potentially catastrophic infectious disease outbreaks and other public health emergencies. HIEs would provide a unified view of a patient across health care providers and would serve as data collection points for clinical and resource utilization data while NHIN services and standards would be used to capture HIE data of importance and send those data to public health. This article discusses how automated syndromic surveillance data feeds have proven more stable and representative than existing surveillance data feeds and summarizes other accomplishments of the Northwest Public Health Information Exchange in its contribution to the advancement of the National agenda for sharing interoperable health information with public health.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dobbs\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Trebatoski\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"pmid\":\"23569585\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3615762\",\"keywords\":\"Data Collection, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Information Management, Medical Record Linkage, Public Health\",\"pages\":\"ojphi.v2i2.3210\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{dobbs_northwest_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Northwest} {Public} {Health} {Information} {Exchange}'s {Accomplishments} in {Connecting} a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} with {Public} {Health}},\\n\\tvolume = {2},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3210},\\n\\tabstract = {In 2007 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Request for Proposal for the \\\"Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchange\\\" project. The Situational Awareness project's goals are to connect public health with health information exchanges (HIEs) to improve public health's real-time understanding of communities' population health and healthcare facility status. During this same time period the Health and Human Services' Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology released several reports identifying the growing number of communities involved in health information exchange and outlining the requirements for a Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN). CDC saw the possibilities of using HIEs and the NHIN to accelerate the real-time sharing of clinical and facility-based resource utilization information to enhance local, state, regional, and federal public health in responding to and managing potentially catastrophic infectious disease outbreaks and other public health emergencies. HIEs would provide a unified view of a patient across health care providers and would serve as data collection points for clinical and resource utilization data while NHIN services and standards would be used to capture HIE data of importance and send those data to public health. This article discusses how automated syndromic surveillance data feeds have proven more stable and representative than existing surveillance data feeds and summarizes other accomplishments of the Northwest Public Health Information Exchange in its contribution to the advancement of the National agenda for sharing interoperable health information with public health.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Dobbs, D. and Trebatoski, M. and Revere, D.},\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tpmid = {23569585},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3615762},\\n\\tkeywords = {Data Collection, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Information Management, Medical Record Linkage, Public Health},\\n\\tpages = {ojphi.v2i2.3210},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dobbs, D.\",\"Trebatoski, M.\",\"Revere, D.\"],\"key\":\"dobbs_northwest_2010\",\"id\":\"dobbs_northwest_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dobbs-trebatoski-revere-thenorthwestpublichealthinformationexchangesaccomplishmentsinconnectingahealthinformationexchangewithpublichealth-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Data Collection\",\"Electronic Health Records\",\"Health Information Exchange\",\"Information Management\",\"Medical Record Linkage\",\"Public Health\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Leveraging health information exchange to improve population health reporting processes: lessons in using a collaborative-participatory design process\",\"volume\":\"2\",\"issn\":\"2327-9214\",\"shorttitle\":\"Leveraging health information exchange to improve population health reporting processes\",\"doi\":\"10.13063/2327-9214.1082\",\"abstract\":\"INTRODUCTION: Surveillance, or the systematic monitoring of disease within a population, is a cornerstone function of public health. Despite significant investment in information technologies (IT) to improve the public's health, health care providers continue to rely on manual, spontaneous reporting processes that can result in incomplete and delayed surveillance activities. BACKGROUND: Participatory design principles advocate including real users and stakeholders when designing an information system to ensure high ecological validity of the product, incorporate relevance and context into the design, reduce misconceptions designers can make due to insufficient domain expertise, and ultimately reduce barriers to adoption of the system. This paper focuses on the collaborative and informal participatory design process used to develop enhanced, IT-enabled reporting processes that leverage available electronic health records in a health information exchange to prepopulate notifiable-conditions report forms used by public health authorities. METHODS: Over nine months, public health stakeholders, technical staff, and informatics researchers were engaged in a multiphase participatory design process that included public health stakeholder focus groups, investigator-engineering team meetings, public health survey and census regarding high-priority data elements, and codesign of exploratory prototypes and final form mock-ups. FINDINGS: A number of state-mandated report fields that are not highly used or desirable for disease investigation were eliminated, which allowed engineers to repurpose form space for desired and high-priority data elements and improve the usability of the forms. Our participatory design process ensured that IT development was driven by end user expertise and needs, resulting in significant improvements to the layout and functionality of the reporting forms. DISCUSSION: In addition to informing report form development, engaging with public health end users and stakeholders through the participatory design process provided new insights into public health workflow and allowed the team to quickly triage user requests while managing user expectations within the realm of engineering possibilities. CONCLUSION: Engaging public health, engineering staff, and investigators in a shared codesigning process ensured that the new forms will not only meet real-life needs but will also support development of a product that will be adopted and, ultimately, improve communicable and infectious disease reporting by clinicians to public health.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"EGEMS (Washington, DC)\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dixon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brian\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Williams\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jennifer\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grannis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shaun\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"pmid\":\"25848615\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC4371487\",\"keywords\":\"Collaborative Design, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Informatics, Participatory Design, Public Health, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Surveillance, Quality Improvement\",\"pages\":\"1082\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_leveraging_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Leveraging health information exchange to improve population health reporting processes: lessons in using a collaborative-participatory design process},\\n\\tvolume = {2},\\n\\tissn = {2327-9214},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Leveraging health information exchange to improve population health reporting processes},\\n\\tdoi = {10.13063/2327-9214.1082},\\n\\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Surveillance, or the systematic monitoring of disease within a population, is a cornerstone function of public health. Despite significant investment in information technologies (IT) to improve the public's health, health care providers continue to rely on manual, spontaneous reporting processes that can result in incomplete and delayed surveillance activities.\\nBACKGROUND: Participatory design principles advocate including real users and stakeholders when designing an information system to ensure high ecological validity of the product, incorporate relevance and context into the design, reduce misconceptions designers can make due to insufficient domain expertise, and ultimately reduce barriers to adoption of the system. This paper focuses on the collaborative and informal participatory design process used to develop enhanced, IT-enabled reporting processes that leverage available electronic health records in a health information exchange to prepopulate notifiable-conditions report forms used by public health authorities.\\nMETHODS: Over nine months, public health stakeholders, technical staff, and informatics researchers were engaged in a multiphase participatory design process that included public health stakeholder focus groups, investigator-engineering team meetings, public health survey and census regarding high-priority data elements, and codesign of exploratory prototypes and final form mock-ups.\\nFINDINGS: A number of state-mandated report fields that are not highly used or desirable for disease investigation were eliminated, which allowed engineers to repurpose form space for desired and high-priority data elements and improve the usability of the forms. Our participatory design process ensured that IT development was driven by end user expertise and needs, resulting in significant improvements to the layout and functionality of the reporting forms.\\nDISCUSSION: In addition to informing report form development, engaging with public health end users and stakeholders through the participatory design process provided new insights into public health workflow and allowed the team to quickly triage user requests while managing user expectations within the realm of engineering possibilities.\\nCONCLUSION: Engaging public health, engineering staff, and investigators in a shared codesigning process ensured that the new forms will not only meet real-life needs but will also support development of a product that will be adopted and, ultimately, improve communicable and infectious disease reporting by clinicians to public health.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {EGEMS (Washington, DC)},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Dixon, Brian E. and Hills, Rebecca and Williams, Jennifer L. and Grannis, Shaun J.},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tpmid = {25848615},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC4371487},\\n\\tkeywords = {Collaborative Design, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Informatics, Participatory Design, Public Health, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Surveillance, Quality Improvement},\\n\\tpages = {1082},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Dixon, B. E.\",\"Hills, R.\",\"Williams, J. L.\",\"Grannis, S. J.\"],\"key\":\"revere_leveraging_2014\",\"id\":\"revere_leveraging_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-dixon-hills-williams-grannis-leveraginghealthinformationexchangetoimprovepopulationhealthreportingprocesseslessonsinusingacollaborativeparticipatorydesignprocess-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Collaborative Design\",\"Disease Notification\",\"Health Information Technology\",\"Informatics\",\"Participatory Design\",\"Public Health\",\"Public Health Informatics\",\"Public Health Surveillance\",\"Quality Improvement\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"From the ground up: information needs of nurses in a rural public health department in Oregon\",\"volume\":\"96\",\"issn\":\"1558-9439\",\"shorttitle\":\"From the ground up\",\"doi\":\"10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.008\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVES: The research identified and assessed information needs and resources of public health nurses in a local health department. METHODS: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with seventeen public health nurses at a local health department in rural Oregon. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparative method to assess the information nurses sought and used in their work. RESULTS: Public health nurses performed a wide variety of roles and associated tasks. Major themes that emerged from analyses of interview transcripts included: (1) differences in information needs depending on position and role; (2) colleagues as the most efficient and trusted source of information; (3) limitations of existing knowledge-based resources; (4) need for up-to-date and pertinent information; and (5) need for personal computers, basic communications software, and expanded Internet access. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of Internet access is a significant barrier to use of information resources, and information tools tailored to meet the needs diverse public health nursing roles and facilitate information sharing among colleagues are needed. Librarians and informaticians can assist by addressing these needs and improving the organization of content and interface design for commonly used websites.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"4\",\"journal\":\"Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Turner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anne\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stavri\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zoe\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altamore\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rita\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2008\",\"pmid\":\"18974810\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC2568844\",\"keywords\":\"Adult, Anecdotes as Topic, Community Health Nursing, Consumer Health Information, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Information Services, Internet, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, Nurse's Role, Oregon, Public Health Nursing, Rural Health Services\",\"pages\":\"335–342\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{turner_ground_2008,\\n\\ttitle = {From the ground up: information needs of nurses in a rural public health department in {Oregon}},\\n\\tvolume = {96},\\n\\tissn = {1558-9439},\\n\\tshorttitle = {From the ground up},\\n\\tdoi = {10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.008},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: The research identified and assessed information needs and resources of public health nurses in a local health department.\\nMETHODS: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with seventeen public health nurses at a local health department in rural Oregon. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparative method to assess the information nurses sought and used in their work.\\nRESULTS: Public health nurses performed a wide variety of roles and associated tasks. Major themes that emerged from analyses of interview transcripts included: (1) differences in information needs depending on position and role; (2) colleagues as the most efficient and trusted source of information; (3) limitations of existing knowledge-based resources; (4) need for up-to-date and pertinent information; and (5) need for personal computers, basic communications software, and expanded Internet access.\\nCONCLUSIONS: Lack of Internet access is a significant barrier to use of information resources, and information tools tailored to meet the needs diverse public health nursing roles and facilitate information sharing among colleagues are needed. Librarians and informaticians can assist by addressing these needs and improving the organization of content and interface design for commonly used websites.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA},\\n\\tauthor = {Turner, Anne M. and Stavri, Zoe and Revere, Debra and Altamore, Rita},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2008},\\n\\tpmid = {18974810},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC2568844},\\n\\tkeywords = {Adult, Anecdotes as Topic, Community Health Nursing, Consumer Health Information, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Information Services, Internet, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, Nurse's Role, Oregon, Public Health Nursing, Rural Health Services},\\n\\tpages = {335--342},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Turner, A. M.\",\"Stavri, Z.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Altamore, R.\"],\"key\":\"turner_ground_2008\",\"id\":\"turner_ground_2008\",\"bibbaseid\":\"turner-stavri-revere-altamore-fromthegroundupinformationneedsofnursesinaruralpublichealthdepartmentinoregon-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Adult\",\"Anecdotes as Topic\",\"Community Health Nursing\",\"Consumer Health Information\",\"Female\",\"Health Knowledge\",\"Attitudes\",\"Practice\",\"Humans\",\"Information Services\",\"Internet\",\"Middle Aged\",\"Needs Assessment\",\"Nurse's Role\",\"Oregon\",\"Public Health Nursing\",\"Rural Health Services\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Exploring bi-directional and SMS messaging for communications between Public Health Agencies and their stakeholders: a qualitative study\",\"volume\":\"15\",\"issn\":\"1471-2458\",\"shorttitle\":\"Exploring bi-directional and SMS messaging for communications between Public Health Agencies and their stakeholders\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12889-015-1980-2\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: Communication technologies that enable bi-directional/two-way communications and cell phone texting (SMS) between public health agencies and their stakeholders may improve public health surveillance, ensure targeted distribution of alerts to hard-to-reach populations, reduce mortality and morbidity in an emergency, and enable a crucial feedback loop between public health agencies and the communities they serve. Building on prior work regarding health care provider preferences for receiving one-way public health communications by email, fax or SMS, we conducted a formative, exploratory study to understand how a bi-directional system and the incorporation of SMS in that system might be used as a strategy to send and receive messages between public health agencies and community-based organizations which serve vulnerable populations, health care providers, and public health workers. Our research question: Under what conditions and/or situations might public health agencies utilize bi-directional and/or SMS messaging for disseminating time-sensitive public health information (alerts, advisories, updates, etc.) to their stakeholders? METHODS: A mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) study was conducted between April and July 2014. Data collection included a survey distributed to health care providers and semi-structured interviews with providers, community- and government-based organization leaders and directors, and public health agency internal workforce staff. Survey respondents and interviewees were asked about their exposure to public health messages, how these messages are received and how the information in these messages are handled, and in what situations (for example, a local vs. a national event, a pandemic or emergency vs. a health update) a bi-directional and/or SMS messaging system might improve communications between public health agencies and their stakeholder group. Interview and survey data were qualitatively analyzed. Thematic codes were quantitized into dichotomous variables of 0 or 1 on a per respondent basis to enumerate the presence or absence of each thematic code, enable quantitative analysis, and inform interpretation of findings. RESULTS: Five major themes emerged from synthesizing survey and interview results: 1) Regardless of situational context (emergency vs. non-urgent) and message recipient (stakeholder group), e-mail is a favored modality for receiving public health messages; 2) The decision to use bi-directional, SMS or multiple communication strategies is complex and public health agencies' need to manage messaging concerns/barriers and benefits for all parties; 3) Both public health agencies and their stakeholders share similar values/uses and concerns regarding two-way public health messaging and SMS; 4) Public health is highly trusted, thus thoughtful, effective messaging will ensure continuation of this goodwill; and 5) Information reciprocity between public health agencies and stakeholders who share their information is essential. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple communication strategies might be utilized but the choice of a specific strategy needs to balance message content (emergency vs. routine communications), delivery (one- vs. two-way), channel (SMS, email, etc.), and public health agency burden with stakeholder preferences and technical capabilities, all while mitigating the risk of message overload and disregard of important communications by recipients.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"BMC public health\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Calhoun\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Oberle\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"pmid\":\"26152142\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC4494811\",\"keywords\":\"Communication, Electronic Mail, Emergencies, Health Personnel, Humans, Public Health Administration, Qualitative Research, Text Messaging\",\"pages\":\"621\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_exploring_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Exploring bi-directional and {SMS} messaging for communications between {Public} {Health} {Agencies} and their stakeholders: a qualitative study},\\n\\tvolume = {15},\\n\\tissn = {1471-2458},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Exploring bi-directional and {SMS} messaging for communications between {Public} {Health} {Agencies} and their stakeholders},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1186/s12889-015-1980-2},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Communication technologies that enable bi-directional/two-way communications and cell phone texting (SMS) between public health agencies and their stakeholders may improve public health surveillance, ensure targeted distribution of alerts to hard-to-reach populations, reduce mortality and morbidity in an emergency, and enable a crucial feedback loop between public health agencies and the communities they serve. Building on prior work regarding health care provider preferences for receiving one-way public health communications by email, fax or SMS, we conducted a formative, exploratory study to understand how a bi-directional system and the incorporation of SMS in that system might be used as a strategy to send and receive messages between public health agencies and community-based organizations which serve vulnerable populations, health care providers, and public health workers. Our research question: Under what conditions and/or situations might public health agencies utilize bi-directional and/or SMS messaging for disseminating time-sensitive public health information (alerts, advisories, updates, etc.) to their stakeholders?\\nMETHODS: A mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) study was conducted between April and July 2014. Data collection included a survey distributed to health care providers and semi-structured interviews with providers, community- and government-based organization leaders and directors, and public health agency internal workforce staff. Survey respondents and interviewees were asked about their exposure to public health messages, how these messages are received and how the information in these messages are handled, and in what situations (for example, a local vs. a national event, a pandemic or emergency vs. a health update) a bi-directional and/or SMS messaging system might improve communications between public health agencies and their stakeholder group. Interview and survey data were qualitatively analyzed. Thematic codes were quantitized into dichotomous variables of 0 or 1 on a per respondent basis to enumerate the presence or absence of each thematic code, enable quantitative analysis, and inform interpretation of findings.\\nRESULTS: Five major themes emerged from synthesizing survey and interview results: 1) Regardless of situational context (emergency vs. non-urgent) and message recipient (stakeholder group), e-mail is a favored modality for receiving public health messages; 2) The decision to use bi-directional, SMS or multiple communication strategies is complex and public health agencies' need to manage messaging concerns/barriers and benefits for all parties; 3) Both public health agencies and their stakeholders share similar values/uses and concerns regarding two-way public health messaging and SMS; 4) Public health is highly trusted, thus thoughtful, effective messaging will ensure continuation of this goodwill; and 5) Information reciprocity between public health agencies and stakeholders who share their information is essential.\\nCONCLUSIONS: Multiple communication strategies might be utilized but the choice of a specific strategy needs to balance message content (emergency vs. routine communications), delivery (one- vs. two-way), channel (SMS, email, etc.), and public health agency burden with stakeholder preferences and technical capabilities, all while mitigating the risk of message overload and disregard of important communications by recipients.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {BMC public health},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Calhoun, Rebecca and Baseman, Janet and Oberle, Mark},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tpmid = {26152142},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC4494811},\\n\\tkeywords = {Communication, Electronic Mail, Emergencies, Health Personnel, Humans, Public Health Administration, Qualitative Research, Text Messaging},\\n\\tpages = {621},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Calhoun, R.\",\"Baseman, J.\",\"Oberle, M.\"],\"key\":\"revere_exploring_2015\",\"id\":\"revere_exploring_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-calhoun-baseman-oberle-exploringbidirectionalandsmsmessagingforcommunicationsbetweenpublichealthagenciesandtheirstakeholdersaqualitativestudy-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Communication\",\"Electronic Mail\",\"Emergencies\",\"Health Personnel\",\"Humans\",\"Public Health Administration\",\"Qualitative Research\",\"Text Messaging\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in Washington State in 2010: a comparison of data exchange methods\",\"volume\":\"2012\",\"issn\":\"1942-597X\",\"shorttitle\":\"Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in Washington State in 2010\",\"abstract\":\"Health information systems receive data through various methods. These data exchange methods have the potential to influence data quality. We assessed a de-identified 2010 dataset including 757,476 demographic records and 2,634,101 vaccination records from Washington State's Immunization Information System (IIS) to describe timeliness and completeness of IIS data across several data exchange methods: manual entry, HL7, and flat file upload. Overall, manually-entered data and HL7 records were more timely than records imported as flat files. Completeness, though very high overall, was slightly higher for records arriving via flat file. Washington State IIS users, including clinicians and public health, rely on its data to inform patient care and determine population coverage of immunizations. Our results suggest that although data element completeness in systems like Washington's IIS will likely not be immediately or significantly impacted by provider's migration to HL7 connections with IISs, timeliness could be substantially improved when using HL7 connections.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altamore\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rita\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Abernethy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Neil\",\"F.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2012\",\"pmid\":\"23304304\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3540489\",\"keywords\":\"Birth Certificates, Child, Demography, Health Information Systems, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant, Quality Control, Vaccination, Washington\",\"pages\":\"340–349\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hills_timeliness_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010: a comparison of data exchange methods},\\n\\tvolume = {2012},\\n\\tissn = {1942-597X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010},\\n\\tabstract = {Health information systems receive data through various methods. These data exchange methods have the potential to influence data quality. We assessed a de-identified 2010 dataset including 757,476 demographic records and 2,634,101 vaccination records from Washington State's Immunization Information System (IIS) to describe timeliness and completeness of IIS data across several data exchange methods: manual entry, HL7, and flat file upload. Overall, manually-entered data and HL7 records were more timely than records imported as flat files. Completeness, though very high overall, was slightly higher for records arriving via flat file. Washington State IIS users, including clinicians and public health, rely on its data to inform patient care and determine population coverage of immunizations. Our results suggest that although data element completeness in systems like Washington's IIS will likely not be immediately or significantly impacted by provider's migration to HL7 connections with IISs, timeliness could be substantially improved when using HL7 connections.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Hills, Rebecca A. and Revere, Debra and Altamore, Rita and Abernethy, Neil F. and Lober, William B.},\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tpmid = {23304304},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3540489},\\n\\tkeywords = {Birth Certificates, Child, Demography, Health Information Systems, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant, Quality Control, Vaccination, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {340--349},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hills, R. A.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Altamore, R.\",\"Abernethy, N. F.\",\"Lober, W. B.\"],\"key\":\"hills_timeliness_2012\",\"id\":\"hills_timeliness_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hills-revere-altamore-abernethy-lober-timelinessanddataelementcompletenessofimmunizationdatainwashingtonstatein2010acomparisonofdataexchangemethods-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Birth Certificates\",\"Child\",\"Demography\",\"Health Information Systems\",\"Humans\",\"Immunization Programs\",\"Infant\",\"Quality Control\",\"Vaccination\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://www.cirg.washington.edu/pubs/clinical-info-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Methods for Leveraging a Health Information Exchange for Public Health: Lessons Learned from the NW-PHIE Experience\",\"volume\":\"2\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"shorttitle\":\"Methods for Leveraging a Health Information Exchange for Public Health\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3211\",\"abstract\":\"The intent of this article is to provide public health and health information exchanges (HIEs) insight into activities and processes for connecting public health with clinical care through HIEs. In 2007 the CDC issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the \\\"Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchange\\\" project. The project's goals are to connect public health with health information exchanges (HIEs) to improve public health's real-time understanding of communities' population health and healthcare facility status. This article describes the approach and methodology used by the Northwest Public Health Information Exchange to achieve the project's goals. The experience of the NWPHIE Collaboration provides an organizational and operational roadmap for implementing a successful regional HIE that ensures secure exchange and use of electronic health information between local and state public health and health care entities.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Trebatoski\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Davies\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dobbs\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"pmid\":\"23569587\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3615764\",\"keywords\":\"Data Collection, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Information Management, Information Services, Medical Record Linkage, Public Health, Public Health Informatics\",\"pages\":\"ojphi.v2i2.3211\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{trebatoski_methods_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {Methods for {Leveraging} a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} for {Public} {Health}: {Lessons} {Learned} from the {NW}-{PHIE} {Experience}},\\n\\tvolume = {2},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Methods for {Leveraging} a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} for {Public} {Health}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3211},\\n\\tabstract = {The intent of this article is to provide public health and health information exchanges (HIEs) insight into activities and processes for connecting public health with clinical care through HIEs. In 2007 the CDC issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the \\\"Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchange\\\" project. The project's goals are to connect public health with health information exchanges (HIEs) to improve public health's real-time understanding of communities' population health and healthcare facility status. This article describes the approach and methodology used by the Northwest Public Health Information Exchange to achieve the project's goals. The experience of the NWPHIE Collaboration provides an organizational and operational roadmap for implementing a successful regional HIE that ensures secure exchange and use of electronic health information between local and state public health and health care entities.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Trebatoski, M. and Davies, J. and Revere, D. and Dobbs, D.},\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tpmid = {23569587},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3615764},\\n\\tkeywords = {Data Collection, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Information Management, Information Services, Medical Record Linkage, Public Health, Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tpages = {ojphi.v2i2.3211},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Trebatoski, M.\",\"Davies, J.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Dobbs, D.\"],\"key\":\"trebatoski_methods_2010\",\"id\":\"trebatoski_methods_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"trebatoski-davies-revere-dobbs-methodsforleveragingahealthinformationexchangeforpublichealthlessonslearnedfromthenwphieexperience-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Data Collection\",\"Electronic Health Records\",\"Health Information Exchange\",\"Information Management\",\"Information Services\",\"Medical Record Linkage\",\"Public Health\",\"Public Health Informatics\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Completeness and timeliness of notifiable disease reporting: a comparison of laboratory and provider reports submitted to a large county health department\",\"volume\":\"17\",\"issn\":\"1472-6947\",\"shorttitle\":\"Completeness and timeliness of notifiable disease reporting\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12911-017-0491-8\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: Most public health agencies expect reporting of diseases to be initiated by hospital, laboratory or clinic staff even though so-called passive approaches are known to be burdensome for reporters and produce incomplete as well as delayed reports, which can hinder assessment of disease and delay recognition of outbreaks. In this study, we analyze patterns of reporting as well as data completeness and timeliness for traditional, passive reporting of notifiable disease by two distinct sources of information: hospital and clinic staff versus clinical laboratory staff. Reports were submitted via fax machine as well as electronic health information exchange interfaces. METHODS: Data were extracted from all submitted notifiable disease reports for seven representative diseases. Reporting rates are the proportion of known cases having a corresponding case report from a provider, a faxed laboratory report or an electronic laboratory report. Reporting rates were stratified by disease and compared using McNemar's test. For key data fields on the reports, completeness was calculated as the proportion of non-blank fields. Timeliness was measured as the difference between date of laboratory confirmed diagnosis and the date the report was received by the health department. Differences in completeness and timeliness by data source were evaluated using a generalized linear model with Pearson's goodness of fit statistic. RESULTS: We assessed 13,269 reports representing 9034 unique cases. Reporting rates varied by disease with overall rates of 19.1% for providers and 84.4% for laboratories (p \\\\textless 0.001). All but three of 15 data fields in provider reports were more often complete than those fields within laboratory reports (p \\\\textless0.001). Laboratory reports, whether faxed or electronically sent, were received, on average, 2.2 days after diagnosis versus a week for provider reports (p \\\\textless0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite growth in the use of electronic methods to enhance notifiable disease reporting, there still exists much room for improvement.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"BMC medical informatics and decision making\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dixon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brian\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zuoyi\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lai\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Patrick\",\"T.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kirbiyik\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Uzay\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Williams\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jennifer\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gibson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P.\",\"Joseph\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grannis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shaun\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"pmid\":\"28645285\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC5481902\",\"keywords\":\"Completeness, Disease Notification, Disease notification, Electronic laboratory reporting, Health Information Exchange, Health Personnel, Health information exchange, Humans, Indiana, Local Government, Population Surveillance, Public Health Administration, Public health surveillance, Timeliness\",\"pages\":\"87\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{dixon_completeness_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Completeness and timeliness of notifiable disease reporting: a comparison of laboratory and provider reports submitted to a large county health department},\\n\\tvolume = {17},\\n\\tissn = {1472-6947},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Completeness and timeliness of notifiable disease reporting},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1186/s12911-017-0491-8},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Most public health agencies expect reporting of diseases to be initiated by hospital, laboratory or clinic staff even though so-called passive approaches are known to be burdensome for reporters and produce incomplete as well as delayed reports, which can hinder assessment of disease and delay recognition of outbreaks. In this study, we analyze patterns of reporting as well as data completeness and timeliness for traditional, passive reporting of notifiable disease by two distinct sources of information: hospital and clinic staff versus clinical laboratory staff. Reports were submitted via fax machine as well as electronic health information exchange interfaces.\\nMETHODS: Data were extracted from all submitted notifiable disease reports for seven representative diseases. Reporting rates are the proportion of known cases having a corresponding case report from a provider, a faxed laboratory report or an electronic laboratory report. Reporting rates were stratified by disease and compared using McNemar's test. For key data fields on the reports, completeness was calculated as the proportion of non-blank fields. Timeliness was measured as the difference between date of laboratory confirmed diagnosis and the date the report was received by the health department. Differences in completeness and timeliness by data source were evaluated using a generalized linear model with Pearson's goodness of fit statistic.\\nRESULTS: We assessed 13,269 reports representing 9034 unique cases. Reporting rates varied by disease with overall rates of 19.1\\\\% for providers and 84.4\\\\% for laboratories (p {\\\\textless} 0.001). All but three of 15 data fields in provider reports were more often complete than those fields within laboratory reports (p {\\\\textless}0.001). Laboratory reports, whether faxed or electronically sent, were received, on average, 2.2 days after diagnosis versus a week for provider reports (p {\\\\textless}0.001).\\nCONCLUSIONS: Despite growth in the use of electronic methods to enhance notifiable disease reporting, there still exists much room for improvement.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {BMC medical informatics and decision making},\\n\\tauthor = {Dixon, Brian E. and Zhang, Zuoyi and Lai, Patrick T. S. and Kirbiyik, Uzay and Williams, Jennifer and Hills, Rebecca and Revere, Debra and Gibson, P. Joseph and Grannis, Shaun J.},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tpmid = {28645285},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC5481902},\\n\\tkeywords = {Completeness, Disease Notification, Disease notification, Electronic laboratory reporting, Health Information Exchange, Health Personnel, Health information exchange, Humans, Indiana, Local Government, Population Surveillance, Public Health Administration, Public health surveillance, Timeliness},\\n\\tpages = {87},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dixon, B. E.\",\"Zhang, Z.\",\"Lai, P. T. S.\",\"Kirbiyik, U.\",\"Williams, J.\",\"Hills, R.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Gibson, P. J.\",\"Grannis, S. J.\"],\"key\":\"dixon_completeness_2017\",\"id\":\"dixon_completeness_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dixon-zhang-lai-kirbiyik-williams-hills-revere-gibson-etal-completenessandtimelinessofnotifiablediseasereportingacomparisonoflaboratoryandproviderreportssubmittedtoalargecountyhealthdepartment-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Completeness\",\"Disease Notification\",\"Disease notification\",\"Electronic laboratory reporting\",\"Health Information Exchange\",\"Health Personnel\",\"Health information exchange\",\"Humans\",\"Indiana\",\"Local Government\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Public Health Administration\",\"Public health surveillance\",\"Timeliness\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Traditional and Mobile Public Health Communications With Health Care Providers\",\"volume\":\"10\",\"issn\":\"1938-744X\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/dmp.2015.139\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVES: Health care providers play an essential role in public health emergency preparedness and response. We conducted a 4-year randomized controlled trial to systematically compare the effectiveness of traditional and mobile communication strategies for sending time-sensitive public health messages to providers. METHODS: Subjects (N=848) included providers who might be leveraged to assist with emergency preparedness and response activities, such as physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, physician's assistants, and veterinarians. Providers were randomly assigned to a group that received time-sensitive quarterly messages via e-mail, fax, or cell phone text messaging (SMS) or to a no-message control group. Follow-up phone interviews elicited information about message receipt, topic recall, and perceived credibility and trustworthiness of message and source. RESULTS: Our main outcome measures were awareness and recall of message content, which was compared across delivery methods. Per-protocol analysis revealed that e-mail messages were recalled at a higher rate than were messaged delivered by fax or SMS, whereas the as-treated analysis found that e-mail and fax groups had similar recall rates and both had higher recall rates than the SMS group. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to systematically evaluate the relative effectiveness of public health message delivery systems. Our findings provide guidance to improve public health agency communications with providers before, during, and after a public health emergency.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Painter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Oberle\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Duchin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeffrey\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thiede\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hanne\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Randall\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"MacEachern\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dorothy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stergachis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"pmid\":\"26690370\",\"keywords\":\"Cell Phone, Communication, Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Text Messaging, communication, emergency preparedness, public health, public health practice, text messaging\",\"pages\":\"98–107\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{baseman_randomized_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {A {Randomized} {Controlled} {Trial} of the {Effectiveness} of {Traditional} and {Mobile} {Public} {Health} {Communications} {With} {Health} {Care} {Providers}},\\n\\tvolume = {10},\\n\\tissn = {1938-744X},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/dmp.2015.139},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: Health care providers play an essential role in public health emergency preparedness and response. We conducted a 4-year randomized controlled trial to systematically compare the effectiveness of traditional and mobile communication strategies for sending time-sensitive public health messages to providers.\\nMETHODS: Subjects (N=848) included providers who might be leveraged to assist with emergency preparedness and response activities, such as physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, physician's assistants, and veterinarians. Providers were randomly assigned to a group that received time-sensitive quarterly messages via e-mail, fax, or cell phone text messaging (SMS) or to a no-message control group. Follow-up phone interviews elicited information about message receipt, topic recall, and perceived credibility and trustworthiness of message and source.\\nRESULTS: Our main outcome measures were awareness and recall of message content, which was compared across delivery methods. Per-protocol analysis revealed that e-mail messages were recalled at a higher rate than were messaged delivered by fax or SMS, whereas the as-treated analysis found that e-mail and fax groups had similar recall rates and both had higher recall rates than the SMS group.\\nCONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to systematically evaluate the relative effectiveness of public health message delivery systems. Our findings provide guidance to improve public health agency communications with providers before, during, and after a public health emergency.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness},\\n\\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra and Painter, Ian and Oberle, Mark and Duchin, Jeffrey and Thiede, Hanne and Nett, Randall and MacEachern, Dorothy and Stergachis, Andy},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tpmid = {26690370},\\n\\tkeywords = {Cell Phone, Communication, Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Text Messaging, communication, emergency preparedness, public health, public health practice, text messaging},\\n\\tpages = {98--107},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baseman, J.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Painter, I.\",\"Oberle, M.\",\"Duchin, J.\",\"Thiede, H.\",\"Nett, R.\",\"MacEachern, D.\",\"Stergachis, A.\"],\"key\":\"baseman_randomized_2016\",\"id\":\"baseman_randomized_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baseman-revere-painter-oberle-duchin-thiede-nett-maceachern-etal-arandomizedcontrolledtrialoftheeffectivenessoftraditionalandmobilepublichealthcommunicationswithhealthcareproviders-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Cell Phone\",\"Communication\",\"Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems\",\"Female\",\"Health Personnel\",\"Humans\",\"Male\",\"Program Evaluation\",\"Public Health\",\"Text Messaging\",\"communication\",\"emergency preparedness\",\"public health\",\"public health practice\",\"text messaging\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Accelerating Public Health Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchanges: An Annotated Bibliography\",\"volume\":\"2\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"shorttitle\":\"Accelerating Public Health Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchanges\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3212\",\"abstract\":\"In 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention awarded contracts to health information exchanges in Indiana, New York and Washington/Idaho to accelerate public health situational awareness. Awardees in each state have disseminated their findings and lessons at professional conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. The dissemination formats ranged from papers, oral presentations, posters, panels and demonstrations at interoperability showcases. With a focus on health information exchange and public health, topics included biosurveillance, electronic laboratory reporting, broadcast messaging, and notifiable disease surveillance. Each presentation is summarized in this bibliography, and the authors affiliated with each site are highlighted.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stevens\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kevin\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"pmid\":\"23569582\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3615759\",\"keywords\":\"biosurveillance, electronic laboratory reporting, health information exchange, notifiable diseases, situational awareness\",\"pages\":\"ojphi.v2i2.3212\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_accelerating_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {Accelerating {Public} {Health} {Situational} {Awareness} through {Health} {Information} {Exchanges}: {An} {Annotated} {Bibliography}},\\n\\tvolume = {2},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Accelerating {Public} {Health} {Situational} {Awareness} through {Health} {Information} {Exchanges}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3212},\\n\\tabstract = {In 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention awarded contracts to health information exchanges in Indiana, New York and Washington/Idaho to accelerate public health situational awareness. Awardees in each state have disseminated their findings and lessons at professional conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. The dissemination formats ranged from papers, oral presentations, posters, panels and demonstrations at interoperability showcases. With a focus on health information exchange and public health, topics included biosurveillance, electronic laboratory reporting, broadcast messaging, and notifiable disease surveillance. Each presentation is summarized in this bibliography, and the authors affiliated with each site are highlighted.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Stevens, Kevin C.},\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tpmid = {23569582},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3615759},\\n\\tkeywords = {biosurveillance, electronic laboratory reporting, health information exchange, notifiable diseases, situational awareness},\\n\\tpages = {ojphi.v2i2.3212},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Stevens, K. C.\"],\"key\":\"revere_accelerating_2010\",\"id\":\"revere_accelerating_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-stevens-acceleratingpublichealthsituationalawarenessthroughhealthinformationexchangesanannotatedbibliography-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"biosurveillance\",\"electronic laboratory reporting\",\"health information exchange\",\"notifiable diseases\",\"situational awareness\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Public Health Practice within a Health Information Exchange: Information Needs and Barriers to Disease Surveillance\",\"volume\":\"4\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"shorttitle\":\"Public Health Practice within a Health Information Exchange\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277\",\"abstract\":\"INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals engage in frequent exchange of health information while pursuing the objectives of protecting and improving population health. Yet, there has been little study of the information work of public health workers with regard to information exchange. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of information work at a local health jurisdiction before and during the early stages of participation in a regional Health Information Exchange. METHODS: We investigated the information work of public health workers engaged in disease surveillance activities at a medium-sized local health jurisdiction by conducting semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzing interview transcripts. RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION WORK OF PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS REVEALED BARRIERS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: information system usability; data timeliness, accuracy and completeness; and social interaction with clients. We illustrate these barriers by focusing on the work of epidemiologists. CONCLUSION: Characterizing information work and barriers to information exchange for public health workers should be part of early system design efforts. A comprehensive understanding of the information practice of public health workers will inform the design of systems that better support public health work.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reeder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Blaine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2012\",\"pmid\":\"23569649\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3615831\",\"keywords\":\"Communication Barriers, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Information Services, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Practice\",\"pages\":\"ojphi.v4i3.4277\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{reeder_public_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}: {Information} {Needs} and {Barriers} to {Disease} {Surveillance}},\\n\\tvolume = {4},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277},\\n\\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals engage in frequent exchange of health information while pursuing the objectives of protecting and improving population health. Yet, there has been little study of the information work of public health workers with regard to information exchange. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of information work at a local health jurisdiction before and during the early stages of participation in a regional Health Information Exchange.\\nMETHODS: We investigated the information work of public health workers engaged in disease surveillance activities at a medium-sized local health jurisdiction by conducting semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzing interview transcripts.\\nRESULTS: ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION WORK OF PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS REVEALED BARRIERS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: information system usability; data timeliness, accuracy and completeness; and social interaction with clients. We illustrate these barriers by focusing on the work of epidemiologists.\\nCONCLUSION: Characterizing information work and barriers to information exchange for public health workers should be part of early system design efforts. A comprehensive understanding of the information practice of public health workers will inform the design of systems that better support public health work.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Hills, Rebecca A. and Baseman, Janet G. and Lober, William B.},\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tpmid = {23569649},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3615831},\\n\\tkeywords = {Communication Barriers, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Information Services, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Practice},\\n\\tpages = {ojphi.v4i3.4277},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Reeder, B.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Hills, R. A.\",\"Baseman, J. G.\",\"Lober, W. B.\"],\"key\":\"reeder_public_2012\",\"id\":\"reeder_public_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"reeder-revere-hills-baseman-lober-publichealthpracticewithinahealthinformationexchangeinformationneedsandbarrierstodiseasesurveillance-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Communication Barriers\",\"Disease Notification\",\"Health Information Technology\",\"Information Services\",\"Public Health Informatics\",\"Public Health Practice\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://www.cirg.washington.edu/pubs/clinical-info-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Engagement in Protective Behaviors by Digital Exposure Notification Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Washington State, January-June 2021\",\"issn\":\"1468-2877\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/00333549221110301\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVES: Smartphone-based digital exposure notification (EN) tools were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic to supplement strained case investigation and contact tracing efforts. We examined the influence of an EN tool implemented in Washington State, WA Notify, on user engagement in behaviors that protect against COVID-19 transmission. METHODS: From January 25 through June 30, 2021, we administered 2 surveys to WA Notify users who received notification of a possible COVID-19 exposure. The initial survey, sent when users received a notification, focused on intent to engage in protective behaviors. The follow-up survey captured data on self-reported actual engagement in protective behaviors and contact by a public health contact tracer. RESULTS: Of 1507 WA Notify users who completed the initial survey, 40.1% (n = 604) reported intending to seek COVID-19 testing and 67.1% (n = 1011) intended to watch for COVID-19 symptoms. Of 407 respondents to the follow-up survey, 57.5% (n = 234) reported getting tested and 84.3% (n = 343) reported watching for COVID-19 symptoms. Approximately 84% (n = 1266) of respondents to the initial survey received a notification from WA Notify before being reached by public health contact tracers; on follow-up, 42.5% (n = 173) of respondents reported never being contacted by public health. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that WA Notify users may initiate protective behaviors earlier than nonusers who will not know of an exposure until notified by public health or by a known contact. Digital EN tools may be a valuable addition to existing public health outbreak investigation and response activities.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bryant\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"pmid\":\"35915982\",\"keywords\":\"COVID-19, contact tracing, exposure notification, mobile applications, quarantine\",\"pages\":\"333549221110301\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{baseman_engagement_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Engagement in {Protective} {Behaviors} by {Digital} {Exposure} {Notification} {Users} {During} the {COVID}-19 {Pandemic}, {Washington} {State}, {January}-{June} 2021},\\n\\tissn = {1468-2877},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/00333549221110301},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: Smartphone-based digital exposure notification (EN) tools were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic to supplement strained case investigation and contact tracing efforts. We examined the influence of an EN tool implemented in Washington State, WA Notify, on user engagement in behaviors that protect against COVID-19 transmission.\\nMETHODS: From January 25 through June 30, 2021, we administered 2 surveys to WA Notify users who received notification of a possible COVID-19 exposure. The initial survey, sent when users received a notification, focused on intent to engage in protective behaviors. The follow-up survey captured data on self-reported actual engagement in protective behaviors and contact by a public health contact tracer.\\nRESULTS: Of 1507 WA Notify users who completed the initial survey, 40.1\\\\% (n = 604) reported intending to seek COVID-19 testing and 67.1\\\\% (n = 1011) intended to watch for COVID-19 symptoms. Of 407 respondents to the follow-up survey, 57.5\\\\% (n = 234) reported getting tested and 84.3\\\\% (n = 343) reported watching for COVID-19 symptoms. Approximately 84\\\\% (n = 1266) of respondents to the initial survey received a notification from WA Notify before being reached by public health contact tracers; on follow-up, 42.5\\\\% (n = 173) of respondents reported never being contacted by public health.\\nCONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that WA Notify users may initiate protective behaviors earlier than nonusers who will not know of an exposure until notified by public health or by a known contact. Digital EN tools may be a valuable addition to existing public health outbreak investigation and response activities.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)},\\n\\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet G. and Karras, Bryant T. and Revere, Debra},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tpmid = {35915982},\\n\\tkeywords = {COVID-19, contact tracing, exposure notification, mobile applications, quarantine},\\n\\tpages = {333549221110301},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baseman, J. G.\",\"Karras, B. T.\",\"Revere, D.\"],\"key\":\"baseman_engagement_2022\",\"id\":\"baseman_engagement_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baseman-karras-revere-engagementinprotectivebehaviorsbydigitalexposurenotificationusersduringthecovid19pandemicwashingtonstatejanuaryjune2021-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"COVID-19\",\"contact tracing\",\"exposure notification\",\"mobile applications\",\"quarantine\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":2,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"How 2 txt: an exploration of crafting public health messages in SMS\",\"volume\":\"7\",\"issn\":\"1756-0500\",\"shorttitle\":\"How 2 txt\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/1756-0500-7-514\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: Health care providers are an important target audience for public health emergency preparedness, response and recovery communications. Short Message Service or text messaging to cell phones may be a promising supplemental or alternative technique for reaching health care providers with time-sensitive public health information. However, studies to date have yet to investigate the message content and formatting requirements of providers with respect to public health alerts and advisories or sought to understand how to meet these needs using Short Message Service technology. METHODS: Data collection was completed using a two-part online survey. In the first part, health care providers identified their use of different technologies for receiving information and provided input on the message components most important in a public health message. In the second part, health care providers participated in an exercise in which they shortened three public health emergency messages, ranging from 2024-2828 characters per message, to meet the 160-character limitation for text delivery. Results were analyzed to determine associations between provider types, age ranges, gender, access to various media (text, email, fax, social media, etc.), and smart phone ownership. RESULTS: The following components were most frequently selected as essential for a public health message: Topic, Recommendation, Geographic Location, Signs & Symptoms, Population Affected, and Link to Additional Information. There was no statistically significant association between message component selection and provider type, age ranges, or gender. In the message conversion exercise, we found a statistically significant association between providers who reported receiving information by SMS and/or smart phone ownership and including a link to additional information in the converted message, ranging from 61% to over 72% on a per message analysis. CONCLUSIONS: A substantive recommendation derived from this study is that public health agencies include a link to additional website information when sending messages in SMS format. SMS could be a useful public health tool for communicating with health care providers but further investigation of how to effectively use SMS and other mobile technologies is needed to inform public health decisions regarding adoption of messaging systems utilizing these newer technologies.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"BMC research notes\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwartz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Malaika\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"pmid\":\"25113387\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC4267116\",\"keywords\":\"Adult, Aged, Cell Phone, Demography, Female, Health Information Systems, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Ownership, Public Health, Text Messaging\",\"pages\":\"514\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_how_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {How 2 txt: an exploration of crafting public health messages in {SMS}},\\n\\tvolume = {7},\\n\\tissn = {1756-0500},\\n\\tshorttitle = {How 2 txt},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1186/1756-0500-7-514},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care providers are an important target audience for public health emergency preparedness, response and recovery communications. Short Message Service or text messaging to cell phones may be a promising supplemental or alternative technique for reaching health care providers with time-sensitive public health information. However, studies to date have yet to investigate the message content and formatting requirements of providers with respect to public health alerts and advisories or sought to understand how to meet these needs using Short Message Service technology.\\nMETHODS: Data collection was completed using a two-part online survey. In the first part, health care providers identified their use of different technologies for receiving information and provided input on the message components most important in a public health message. In the second part, health care providers participated in an exercise in which they shortened three public health emergency messages, ranging from 2024-2828 characters per message, to meet the 160-character limitation for text delivery. Results were analyzed to determine associations between provider types, age ranges, gender, access to various media (text, email, fax, social media, etc.), and smart phone ownership.\\nRESULTS: The following components were most frequently selected as essential for a public health message: Topic, Recommendation, Geographic Location, Signs \\\\& Symptoms, Population Affected, and Link to Additional Information. There was no statistically significant association between message component selection and provider type, age ranges, or gender. In the message conversion exercise, we found a statistically significant association between providers who reported receiving information by SMS and/or smart phone ownership and including a link to additional information in the converted message, ranging from 61\\\\% to over 72\\\\% on a per message analysis.\\nCONCLUSIONS: A substantive recommendation derived from this study is that public health agencies include a link to additional website information when sending messages in SMS format. SMS could be a useful public health tool for communicating with health care providers but further investigation of how to effectively use SMS and other mobile technologies is needed to inform public health decisions regarding adoption of messaging systems utilizing these newer technologies.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {BMC research notes},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Schwartz, Malaika R. and Baseman, Janet},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tpmid = {25113387},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC4267116},\\n\\tkeywords = {Adult, Aged, Cell Phone, Demography, Female, Health Information Systems, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Ownership, Public Health, Text Messaging},\\n\\tpages = {514},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Schwartz, M. R.\",\"Baseman, J.\"],\"key\":\"revere_how_2014\",\"id\":\"revere_how_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-schwartz-baseman-how2txtanexplorationofcraftingpublichealthmessagesinsms-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Adult\",\"Aged\",\"Cell Phone\",\"Demography\",\"Female\",\"Health Information Systems\",\"Health Personnel\",\"Humans\",\"Male\",\"Middle Aged\",\"Ownership\",\"Public Health\",\"Text Messaging\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Health-care provider preferences for time-sensitive communications from public health agencies\",\"volume\":\"129 Suppl 4\",\"issn\":\"1468-2877\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/00333549141296S410\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVE: The Rapid Emergency Alert Communication in Health (REACH) Trial was a randomized control trial to systematically compare and evaluate the effectiveness of traditional and mobile communication modalities for public health agencies to disseminate time-sensitive information to health-care providers (HCPs). We conducted a sub-study to identify the communication channels by which HCPs preferred receiving public health alerts and advisories. METHODS: Enrolled HCPs were blindly randomized into four message delivery groups to receive time-sensitive public health messages by e-mail, fax, or short message service (SMS) or to a no-message control group. Follow-up interviews were conducted 5-10 days after the message. In the final interview, additional questions were asked regarding HCP preferences for receiving public health alerts and advisories. We examined the relationship between key covariates and preferred method of receiving public health alert and advisory messages. RESULTS: Gender, age, provider type, and study site showed statistically significant associations with delivery method preference. Older providers were more likely than younger providers to prefer e-mail or fax, while younger providers were more likely than older providers to prefer receiving messages via SMS. CONCLUSIONS: There is currently no evidence-based research to guide or improve communication between public health agencies and HCPs. Understanding the preferences of providers for receiving alerts and advisories may improve the effectiveness of vital public health communications systems and, in turn, may enhance disease surveillance, aid in early detection, and improve case finding and situational awareness for public health emergencies.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Painter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Oberle\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"pmid\":\"25355977\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC4187309\",\"keywords\":\"Electronic Mail, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Interviews as Topic, Public Health, Telefacsimile, Washington\",\"pages\":\"67–76\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_health-care_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Health-care provider preferences for time-sensitive communications from public health agencies},\\n\\tvolume = {129 Suppl 4},\\n\\tissn = {1468-2877},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/00333549141296S410},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Rapid Emergency Alert Communication in Health (REACH) Trial was a randomized control trial to systematically compare and evaluate the effectiveness of traditional and mobile communication modalities for public health agencies to disseminate time-sensitive information to health-care providers (HCPs). We conducted a sub-study to identify the communication channels by which HCPs preferred receiving public health alerts and advisories.\\nMETHODS: Enrolled HCPs were blindly randomized into four message delivery groups to receive time-sensitive public health messages by e-mail, fax, or short message service (SMS) or to a no-message control group. Follow-up interviews were conducted 5-10 days after the message. In the final interview, additional questions were asked regarding HCP preferences for receiving public health alerts and advisories. We examined the relationship between key covariates and preferred method of receiving public health alert and advisory messages.\\nRESULTS: Gender, age, provider type, and study site showed statistically significant associations with delivery method preference. Older providers were more likely than younger providers to prefer e-mail or fax, while younger providers were more likely than older providers to prefer receiving messages via SMS.\\nCONCLUSIONS: There is currently no evidence-based research to guide or improve communication between public health agencies and HCPs. Understanding the preferences of providers for receiving alerts and advisories may improve the effectiveness of vital public health communications systems and, in turn, may enhance disease surveillance, aid in early detection, and improve case finding and situational awareness for public health emergencies.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Painter, Ian and Oberle, Mark and Baseman, Janet G.},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tpmid = {25355977},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC4187309},\\n\\tkeywords = {Electronic Mail, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Interviews as Topic, Public Health, Telefacsimile, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {67--76},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Painter, I.\",\"Oberle, M.\",\"Baseman, J. G.\"],\"key\":\"revere_health-care_2014\",\"id\":\"revere_health-care_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-painter-oberle-baseman-healthcareproviderpreferencesfortimesensitivecommunicationsfrompublichealthagencies-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Electronic Mail\",\"Humans\",\"Interdisciplinary Communication\",\"Interviews as Topic\",\"Public Health\",\"Telefacsimile\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Leveraging public health's participation in a Health Information Exchange to improve communicable disease reporting\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v9i2.8001\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases can appear and spread rapidly. Timely information about disease patterns and trends allows public health agencies to quickly investigate and efficiently contain those diseases. But disease case reporting to public health has traditionally been paper-based, resulting in somewhat slow, burdensome processes. Fortunately, the expanding use of electronic health records and health information exchanges has created opportunities for more rapid, complete, and easily managed case reporting and investigation. To assess how this new service might impact the efficiency and quality of a public health agency's case investigations, we compared the timeliness of usual case investigation to that of case investigations based on case report forms that were partially pre-populated with electronic data. INTERVENTION: Between September 2013-March 2014, chlamydia disease report forms for certain clinics in Indianapolis were electronically pre-populated with clinical, lab and patient data available through the Indiana Health Information Exchange, then provided to the patient’s doctor. Doctors could then sign the form and deliver it to public health for investigation and population-level disease tracking. Methods: We utilized a novel matched case analysis of timeliness changes in receipt and processing of communicable disease report forms. Each Chlamydia cases reported with the pre-populated form were matched to cases reported in usual ways. We assessed the time from receipt of the case at the public health agency: 1) inclusion of the case into the public health surveillance system and 2) to close to case. A hierarchical random effects model was used to compare mean difference in each outcome between the target cases and the matched cases, with random intercepts for case. RESULTS: Twenty-one Chlamydia cases were reported to the public health agency using the pre-populated form. Sixteen of these pre-populated form cases were matched to at least one other case, with a mean of 23 matches per case. The mean Reporting Lag for the pre-populated form cases was 2.5 days, which was 2.7 days shorter than the mean Reporting Lag for the matched controls (p = \\\\textless0.001). The mean time to close a pre-populated form case was 4.7 days, which was 0.2 days shorter than time to close for the matched controls (p = 0.792). CONCLUSIONS: Use of pre-populated forms significantly decreased the time it took for the local public health agency to begin documenting and closing chlamydia case investigations. Thoughtful use of electronic health data for case reporting may decrease the per-case workload of public health agencies, and improve the timeliness of information about the pattern and spread of disease.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Painter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gibson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P.\",\"Joseph\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2017\",\"pmid\":\"29026452\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC5630274\",\"keywords\":\"Communicable Diseases, Disease Notification, Electronic health records, Health information exchange, Public Health Surveillance\",\"pages\":\"e186\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{painter_leveraging_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Leveraging public health's participation in a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} to improve communicable disease reporting},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v9i2.8001},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases can appear and spread rapidly. Timely information about disease patterns and trends allows public health agencies to quickly investigate and efficiently contain those diseases. But disease case reporting to public health has traditionally been paper-based, resulting in somewhat slow, burdensome processes. Fortunately, the expanding use of electronic health records and health information exchanges has created opportunities for more rapid, complete, and easily managed case reporting and investigation. To assess how this new service might impact the efficiency and quality of a public health agency's case investigations, we compared the timeliness of usual case investigation to that of case investigations based on case report forms that were partially pre-populated with electronic data.\\nINTERVENTION: Between September 2013-March 2014, chlamydia disease report forms for certain clinics in Indianapolis were electronically pre-populated with clinical, lab and patient data available through the Indiana Health Information Exchange, then provided to the patient’s doctor. Doctors could then sign the form and deliver it to public health for investigation and population-level disease tracking. Methods: We utilized a novel matched case analysis of timeliness changes in receipt and processing of communicable disease report forms. Each Chlamydia cases reported with the pre-populated form were matched to cases reported in usual ways. We assessed the time from receipt of the case at the public health agency: 1) inclusion of the case into the public health surveillance system and 2) to close to case. A hierarchical random effects model was used to compare mean difference in each outcome between the target cases and the matched cases, with random intercepts for case.\\nRESULTS: Twenty-one Chlamydia cases were reported to the public health agency using the pre-populated form. Sixteen of these pre-populated form cases were matched to at least one other case, with a mean of 23 matches per case. The mean Reporting Lag for the pre-populated form cases was 2.5 days, which was 2.7 days shorter than the mean Reporting Lag for the matched controls (p = {\\\\textless}0.001). The mean time to close a pre-populated form case was 4.7 days, which was 0.2 days shorter than time to close for the matched controls (p = 0.792).\\nCONCLUSIONS: Use of pre-populated forms significantly decreased the time it took for the local public health agency to begin documenting and closing chlamydia case investigations. Thoughtful use of electronic health data for case reporting may decrease the per-case workload of public health agencies, and improve the timeliness of information about the pattern and spread of disease.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Painter, Ian and Revere, Debra and Gibson, P. Joseph and Baseman, Janet},\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tpmid = {29026452},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC5630274},\\n\\tkeywords = {Communicable Diseases, Disease Notification, Electronic health records, Health information exchange, Public Health Surveillance},\\n\\tpages = {e186},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Painter, I.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Gibson, P. J.\",\"Baseman, J.\"],\"key\":\"painter_leveraging_2017\",\"id\":\"painter_leveraging_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"painter-revere-gibson-baseman-leveragingpublichealthsparticipationinahealthinformationexchangetoimprovecommunicablediseasereporting-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Communicable Diseases\",\"Disease Notification\",\"Electronic health records\",\"Health information exchange\",\"Public Health Surveillance\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Public health communications and alert fatigue\",\"volume\":\"13\",\"issn\":\"1472-6963\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/1472-6963-13-295\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: Health care providers play a significant role in large scale health emergency planning, detection, response, recovery and communication with the public. The effectiveness of health care providers in emergency preparedness and response roles depends, in part, on public health agencies communicating information in a way that maximizes the likelihood that the message is delivered, received, deemed credible and, when appropriate, acted on. However, during an emergency, health care providers can become inundated with alerts and advisories through numerous national, state, local and professional communication channels. We conducted an alert fatigue study as a sub-study of a larger randomized controlled trial which aimed to identify the most effective methods of communicating public health messages between public health agencies and providers. We report an analysis of the effects of public health message volume/frequency on recall of specific message content and effect of rate of message communications on health care provider alert fatigue. METHODS: Health care providers enrolled in the larger study (n=528) were randomized to receive public health messages via email, fax, short message service (SMS or cell phone text messaging) or to a control group that did not receive messages. For 12 months, study messages based on real events of public health significance were sent quarterly with follow-up telephone interviews regarding message receipt and topic recall conducted 5-10 days after the message delivery date. During a pandemic when numerous messages are sent, alert fatigue may impact ability to recall whether a specific message has been received due to the \\\"noise\\\" created by the higher number of messages. To determine the impact of \\\"noise\\\" when study messages were sent, we compared health care provider recall of the study message topic to the number of local public health messages sent to health care providers. RESULTS: We calculated the mean number of messages that each provider received from local public health during the time period around each study message and provider recall of study message content. We found that recall rates were inversely proportional to the mean number of messages received per week: Every increase of one local public health message per week resulted in a statistically significant 41.2% decrease (p \\\\textless 0.01), 95% CI [0.39, .87] in the odds of recalling the content of the study message. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the effects of alert fatigue on health care providers' recall of information. Our results suggest that information delivered too frequently and/or repetitively through numerous communication channels may have a negative effect on the ability of health care providers to effectively recall emergency information. Keeping health care providers and other first-line responders informed during an emergency is critical. Better coordination between organizations disseminating alerts, advisories and other messages may improve the ability of health care providers to recall public health emergency messages, potentially impacting effective response to public health emergency messages.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"BMC health services research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Painter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Toyoji\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mariko\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thiede\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hanne\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Duchin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeffrey\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"pmid\":\"23915324\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3751004\",\"keywords\":\"Adult, Communication, Confidence Intervals, Disasters, Electronic Mail, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Mental Fatigue, Mental Recall, Middle Aged, Public Health, Qualitative Research, Text Messaging, Washington\",\"pages\":\"295\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{baseman_public_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Public health communications and alert fatigue},\\n\\tvolume = {13},\\n\\tissn = {1472-6963},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1186/1472-6963-13-295},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care providers play a significant role in large scale health emergency planning, detection, response, recovery and communication with the public. The effectiveness of health care providers in emergency preparedness and response roles depends, in part, on public health agencies communicating information in a way that maximizes the likelihood that the message is delivered, received, deemed credible and, when appropriate, acted on. However, during an emergency, health care providers can become inundated with alerts and advisories through numerous national, state, local and professional communication channels. We conducted an alert fatigue study as a sub-study of a larger randomized controlled trial which aimed to identify the most effective methods of communicating public health messages between public health agencies and providers. We report an analysis of the effects of public health message volume/frequency on recall of specific message content and effect of rate of message communications on health care provider alert fatigue.\\nMETHODS: Health care providers enrolled in the larger study (n=528) were randomized to receive public health messages via email, fax, short message service (SMS or cell phone text messaging) or to a control group that did not receive messages. For 12 months, study messages based on real events of public health significance were sent quarterly with follow-up telephone interviews regarding message receipt and topic recall conducted 5-10 days after the message delivery date. During a pandemic when numerous messages are sent, alert fatigue may impact ability to recall whether a specific message has been received due to the \\\"noise\\\" created by the higher number of messages. To determine the impact of \\\"noise\\\" when study messages were sent, we compared health care provider recall of the study message topic to the number of local public health messages sent to health care providers.\\nRESULTS: We calculated the mean number of messages that each provider received from local public health during the time period around each study message and provider recall of study message content. We found that recall rates were inversely proportional to the mean number of messages received per week: Every increase of one local public health message per week resulted in a statistically significant 41.2\\\\% decrease (p {\\\\textless} 0.01), 95\\\\% CI [0.39, .87] in the odds of recalling the content of the study message.\\nCONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the effects of alert fatigue on health care providers' recall of information. Our results suggest that information delivered too frequently and/or repetitively through numerous communication channels may have a negative effect on the ability of health care providers to effectively recall emergency information. Keeping health care providers and other first-line responders informed during an emergency is critical. Better coordination between organizations disseminating alerts, advisories and other messages may improve the ability of health care providers to recall public health emergency messages, potentially impacting effective response to public health emergency messages.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {BMC health services research},\\n\\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet G. and Revere, Debra and Painter, Ian and Toyoji, Mariko and Thiede, Hanne and Duchin, Jeffrey},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tpmid = {23915324},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3751004},\\n\\tkeywords = {Adult, Communication, Confidence Intervals, Disasters, Electronic Mail, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Mental Fatigue, Mental Recall, Middle Aged, Public Health, Qualitative Research, Text Messaging, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {295},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baseman, J. G.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Painter, I.\",\"Toyoji, M.\",\"Thiede, H.\",\"Duchin, J.\"],\"key\":\"baseman_public_2013\",\"id\":\"baseman_public_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baseman-revere-painter-toyoji-thiede-duchin-publichealthcommunicationsandalertfatigue-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Adult\",\"Communication\",\"Confidence Intervals\",\"Disasters\",\"Electronic Mail\",\"Female\",\"Health Personnel\",\"Humans\",\"Male\",\"Mental Fatigue\",\"Mental Recall\",\"Middle Aged\",\"Public Health\",\"Qualitative Research\",\"Text Messaging\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Expanding Methodologies to Identify High-Priority Emergency Preparedness Tools for Implementation in Public Health Agencies\",\"volume\":\"108\",\"issn\":\"1541-0048\",\"doi\":\"10.2105/AJPH.2018.304796\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"S5\",\"journal\":\"American Journal of Public Health\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Allan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Susan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karasz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hilary\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"pmid\":\"30422699\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC6236711\",\"keywords\":\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Civil Defense, Communication, Disaster Planning, Humans, Public Health, United States\",\"pages\":\"S372–S374\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_expanding_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Expanding {Methodologies} to {Identify} {High}-{Priority} {Emergency} {Preparedness} {Tools} for {Implementation} in {Public} {Health} {Agencies}},\\n\\tvolume = {108},\\n\\tissn = {1541-0048},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2105/AJPH.2018.304796},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {S5},\\n\\tjournal = {American Journal of Public Health},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Allan, Susan and Karasz, Hilary and Baseman, Janet},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tpmid = {30422699},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC6236711},\\n\\tkeywords = {Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Civil Defense, Communication, Disaster Planning, Humans, Public Health, United States},\\n\\tpages = {S372--S374},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Allan, S.\",\"Karasz, H.\",\"Baseman, J.\"],\"key\":\"revere_expanding_2018\",\"id\":\"revere_expanding_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-allan-karasz-baseman-expandingmethodologiestoidentifyhighpriorityemergencypreparednesstoolsforimplementationinpublichealthagencies-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\",\"U.S.\",\"Civil Defense\",\"Communication\",\"Disaster Planning\",\"Humans\",\"Public Health\",\"United States\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Enhancing Access to Quality Online Training to Strengthen Public Health Preparedness and Response\",\"volume\":\"25\",\"issn\":\"1550-5022\",\"doi\":\"10.1097/PHH.0000000000000811\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVES: To improve access to quality online training materials developed from 2010 to 2015 by 14 Preparedness and Emergency Response Learning Centers (PERLCs) by creating quality standards and enhancing searchability through a new Web-based public health training catalog. METHODS: The PERLC-developed training materials (n = 530) were evaluated for their capability to support development of preparedness competencies as established by 2 evidence-based competency frameworks. Inclusion/exclusion criteria and evaluation guidelines regarding training quality (design, technology, and instructional components) were systematically applied to PERLC products to create a training catalog. Twenty emergency preparedness professionals pilot tested content and provided feedback to improve catalog design and function. RESULTS: Seventy-eight percent of PERLC resources (n = 413) met our quality standards for inclusion in the catalog's searchable database: 358 self-paced courses, 55 informational briefs, and other materials. Twenty-one training bundles were curated. DISCUSSION: We established quality guidelines, identified strengths and weaknesses in PERLC resources, and improved accessibility to trainings. Guidelines established by this work can be generalized to trainings outside the preparedness domain. Enhancing access to quality training resources can serve as a valuable tool for increasing emergency preparedness competence.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"6\",\"journal\":\"Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wood\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Suzanne\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rogers\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Megan\",\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Frost\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Madeline\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rose\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Barbara\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"DʼAmbrosio\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Luann\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"pmid\":\"31589183\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC6791563\",\"keywords\":\"Civil Defense, Education, Distance, Education, Public Health Professional, Formative Feedback, Humans, Internet\",\"pages\":\"E1–E9\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wood_enhancing_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Enhancing {Access} to {Quality} {Online} {Training} to {Strengthen} {Public} {Health} {Preparedness} and {Response}},\\n\\tvolume = {25},\\n\\tissn = {1550-5022},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1097/PHH.0000000000000811},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: To improve access to quality online training materials developed from 2010 to 2015 by 14 Preparedness and Emergency Response Learning Centers (PERLCs) by creating quality standards and enhancing searchability through a new Web-based public health training catalog.\\nMETHODS: The PERLC-developed training materials (n = 530) were evaluated for their capability to support development of preparedness competencies as established by 2 evidence-based competency frameworks. Inclusion/exclusion criteria and evaluation guidelines regarding training quality (design, technology, and instructional components) were systematically applied to PERLC products to create a training catalog. Twenty emergency preparedness professionals pilot tested content and provided feedback to improve catalog design and function.\\nRESULTS: Seventy-eight percent of PERLC resources (n = 413) met our quality standards for inclusion in the catalog's searchable database: 358 self-paced courses, 55 informational briefs, and other materials. Twenty-one training bundles were curated.\\nDISCUSSION: We established quality guidelines, identified strengths and weaknesses in PERLC resources, and improved accessibility to trainings. Guidelines established by this work can be generalized to trainings outside the preparedness domain. Enhancing access to quality training resources can serve as a valuable tool for increasing emergency preparedness competence.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP},\\n\\tauthor = {Wood, Suzanne J. and Rogers, Megan H. and Frost, Madeline C. and Revere, Debra and Rose, Barbara A. and DʼAmbrosio, Luann},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tpmid = {31589183},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC6791563},\\n\\tkeywords = {Civil Defense, Education, Distance, Education, Public Health Professional, Formative Feedback, Humans, Internet},\\n\\tpages = {E1--E9},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wood, S. J.\",\"Rogers, M. H.\",\"Frost, M. C.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Rose, B. A.\",\"DʼAmbrosio, L.\"],\"key\":\"wood_enhancing_2019\",\"id\":\"wood_enhancing_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wood-rogers-frost-revere-rose-dambrosio-enhancingaccesstoqualityonlinetrainingtostrengthenpublichealthpreparednessandresponse-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Civil Defense\",\"Education\",\"Distance\",\"Education\",\"Public Health Professional\",\"Formative Feedback\",\"Humans\",\"Internet\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Understanding the information needs of public health practitioners: a literature review to inform design of an interactive digital knowledge management system\",\"volume\":\"40\",\"issn\":\"1532-0480\",\"shorttitle\":\"Understanding the information needs of public health practitioners\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jbi.2006.12.008\",\"abstract\":\"The need for rapid access to information to support critical decisions in public health cannot be disputed; however, development of such systems requires an understanding of the actual information needs of public health professionals. This paper reports the results of a literature review focused on the information needs of public health professionals. The authors reviewed the public health literature to answer the following questions: (1) What are the information needs of public health professionals? (2) In what ways are those needs being met? (3) What are the barriers to meeting those needs? (4) What is the role of the Internet in meeting information needs? The review was undertaken in order to develop system requirements to inform the design and development of an interactive digital knowledge management system. The goal of the system is to support the collection, management, and retrieval of public health documents, data, learning objects, and tools. METHOD: The search method extended beyond traditional information resources, such as bibliographic databases, tables of contents (TOC), and bibliographies, to include information resources public health practitioners routinely use or have need to use–for example, grey literature, government reports, Internet-based publications, and meeting abstracts. RESULTS: Although few formal studies of information needs and information-seeking behaviors of public health professionals have been reported, the literature consistently indicated a critical need for comprehensive, coordinated, and accessible information to meet the needs of the public health workforce. Major barriers to information access include time, resource reliability, trustworthiness/credibility of information, and \\\"information overload\\\". CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing a novel search method that included the diversity of information resources public health practitioners use, has produced a richer and more useful picture of the information needs of the public health workforce than other literature reviews. There is a critical need for public health digital knowledge management systems designed to reflect the diversity of public health activities, to enable human communications, and to provide multiple access points to critical information resources. Public health librarians and other information specialists can serve a significant role in helping public health professionals meet their information needs through the development of evidence-based decision support systems, human-mediated expert searching and training in the use information retrieval systems.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"4\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Biomedical Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Turner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anne\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Madhavan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rambo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Neil\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bugni\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paul\",\"F.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kimball\"],\"firstnames\":[\"AnnMarie\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fuller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sherrilynne\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2007\",\"pmid\":\"17324632\",\"keywords\":\"Artificial Intelligence, Database Management Systems, Information Dissemination, Information Storage and Retrieval, Medical Informatics, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Needs Assessment, Public Health Practice, Software Design, User-Computer Interface\",\"pages\":\"410–421\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_understanding_2007,\\n\\ttitle = {Understanding the information needs of public health practitioners: a literature review to inform design of an interactive digital knowledge management system},\\n\\tvolume = {40},\\n\\tissn = {1532-0480},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Understanding the information needs of public health practitioners},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2006.12.008},\\n\\tabstract = {The need for rapid access to information to support critical decisions in public health cannot be disputed; however, development of such systems requires an understanding of the actual information needs of public health professionals. This paper reports the results of a literature review focused on the information needs of public health professionals. The authors reviewed the public health literature to answer the following questions: (1) What are the information needs of public health professionals? (2) In what ways are those needs being met? (3) What are the barriers to meeting those needs? (4) What is the role of the Internet in meeting information needs? The review was undertaken in order to develop system requirements to inform the design and development of an interactive digital knowledge management system. The goal of the system is to support the collection, management, and retrieval of public health documents, data, learning objects, and tools.\\nMETHOD: The search method extended beyond traditional information resources, such as bibliographic databases, tables of contents (TOC), and bibliographies, to include information resources public health practitioners routinely use or have need to use--for example, grey literature, government reports, Internet-based publications, and meeting abstracts.\\nRESULTS: Although few formal studies of information needs and information-seeking behaviors of public health professionals have been reported, the literature consistently indicated a critical need for comprehensive, coordinated, and accessible information to meet the needs of the public health workforce. Major barriers to information access include time, resource reliability, trustworthiness/credibility of information, and \\\"information overload\\\".\\nCONCLUSIONS: Utilizing a novel search method that included the diversity of information resources public health practitioners use, has produced a richer and more useful picture of the information needs of the public health workforce than other literature reviews. There is a critical need for public health digital knowledge management systems designed to reflect the diversity of public health activities, to enable human communications, and to provide multiple access points to critical information resources. Public health librarians and other information specialists can serve a significant role in helping public health professionals meet their information needs through the development of evidence-based decision support systems, human-mediated expert searching and training in the use information retrieval systems.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Biomedical Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Turner, Anne M. and Madhavan, Ann and Rambo, Neil and Bugni, Paul F. and Kimball, AnnMarie and Fuller, Sherrilynne S.},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2007},\\n\\tpmid = {17324632},\\n\\tkeywords = {Artificial Intelligence, Database Management Systems, Information Dissemination, Information Storage and Retrieval, Medical Informatics, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Needs Assessment, Public Health Practice, Software Design, User-Computer Interface},\\n\\tpages = {410--421},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Turner, A. M.\",\"Madhavan, A.\",\"Rambo, N.\",\"Bugni, P. F.\",\"Kimball, A.\",\"Fuller, S. S.\"],\"key\":\"revere_understanding_2007\",\"id\":\"revere_understanding_2007\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-turner-madhavan-rambo-bugni-kimball-fuller-understandingtheinformationneedsofpublichealthpractitionersaliteraturereviewtoinformdesignofaninteractivedigitalknowledgemanagementsystem-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Artificial Intelligence\",\"Database Management Systems\",\"Information Dissemination\",\"Information Storage and Retrieval\",\"Medical Informatics\",\"Medical Records Systems\",\"Computerized\",\"Needs Assessment\",\"Public Health Practice\",\"Software Design\",\"User-Computer Interface\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Improving Notifiable Disease Case Reporting Through Electronic Information Exchange-Facilitated Decision Support: A Controlled Before-and-After Trial\",\"volume\":\"135\",\"issn\":\"1468-2877\",\"shorttitle\":\"Improving Notifiable Disease Case Reporting Through Electronic Information Exchange-Facilitated Decision Support\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0033354920914318\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVE: Outbreak detection and disease control may be improved by simplified, semi-automated reporting of notifiable diseases to public health authorities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an electronic, prepopulated notifiable disease report form on case reporting rates by ambulatory care clinics to public health authorities. METHODS: We conducted a 2-year (2012-2014) controlled before-and-after trial of a health information exchange (HIE) intervention in Indiana designed to prepopulate notifiable disease reporting forms to providers. We analyzed data collected from electronic prepopulated reports and \\\"usual care\\\" (paper, fax) reports submitted to a local health department for 7 conditions by using a difference-in-differences model. Primary outcomes were changes in reporting rates, completeness, and timeliness between intervention and control clinics. RESULTS: Provider reporting rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea in intervention clinics increased significantly from 56.9% and 55.6%, respectively, during the baseline period (2012) to 66.4% and 58.3%, respectively, during the intervention period (2013-2014); they decreased from 28.8% and 27.5%, respectively, to 21.7% and 20.6%, respectively, in control clinics (P \\\\textless .001). Completeness improved from baseline to intervention for 4 of 15 fields in reports from intervention clinics (P \\\\textless .001), although mean completeness improved for 11 fields in both intervention and control clinics. Timeliness improved for both intervention and control clinics; however, reports from control clinics were timelier (mean, 7.9 days) than reports from intervention clinics (mean, 9.7 days). CONCLUSIONS: Electronic, prepopulated case reporting forms integrated into providers' workflow, enabled by an HIE network, can be effective in increasing notifiable disease reporting rates and completeness of information. However, it was difficult to assess the effect of using the forms for diseases with low prevalence (eg, salmonellosis, histoplasmosis).\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dixon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brian\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zuoyi\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Arno\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Joseph\",\"Gibson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grannis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shaun\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"pmid\":\"32250707\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC7238703\",\"keywords\":\"Ambulatory Care Facilities, Controlled Before-After Studies, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Humans, Indiana, Population Surveillance, Socioeconomic Factors, health information exchange, infectious disease reporting, public health surveillance\",\"pages\":\"401–410\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{dixon_improving_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Improving {Notifiable} {Disease} {Case} {Reporting} {Through} {Electronic} {Information} {Exchange}-{Facilitated} {Decision} {Support}: {A} {Controlled} {Before}-and-{After} {Trial}},\\n\\tvolume = {135},\\n\\tissn = {1468-2877},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Improving {Notifiable} {Disease} {Case} {Reporting} {Through} {Electronic} {Information} {Exchange}-{Facilitated} {Decision} {Support}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0033354920914318},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: Outbreak detection and disease control may be improved by simplified, semi-automated reporting of notifiable diseases to public health authorities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an electronic, prepopulated notifiable disease report form on case reporting rates by ambulatory care clinics to public health authorities.\\nMETHODS: We conducted a 2-year (2012-2014) controlled before-and-after trial of a health information exchange (HIE) intervention in Indiana designed to prepopulate notifiable disease reporting forms to providers. We analyzed data collected from electronic prepopulated reports and \\\"usual care\\\" (paper, fax) reports submitted to a local health department for 7 conditions by using a difference-in-differences model. Primary outcomes were changes in reporting rates, completeness, and timeliness between intervention and control clinics.\\nRESULTS: Provider reporting rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea in intervention clinics increased significantly from 56.9\\\\% and 55.6\\\\%, respectively, during the baseline period (2012) to 66.4\\\\% and 58.3\\\\%, respectively, during the intervention period (2013-2014); they decreased from 28.8\\\\% and 27.5\\\\%, respectively, to 21.7\\\\% and 20.6\\\\%, respectively, in control clinics (P {\\\\textless} .001). Completeness improved from baseline to intervention for 4 of 15 fields in reports from intervention clinics (P {\\\\textless} .001), although mean completeness improved for 11 fields in both intervention and control clinics. Timeliness improved for both intervention and control clinics; however, reports from control clinics were timelier (mean, 7.9 days) than reports from intervention clinics (mean, 9.7 days).\\nCONCLUSIONS: Electronic, prepopulated case reporting forms integrated into providers' workflow, enabled by an HIE network, can be effective in increasing notifiable disease reporting rates and completeness of information. However, it was difficult to assess the effect of using the forms for diseases with low prevalence (eg, salmonellosis, histoplasmosis).},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)},\\n\\tauthor = {Dixon, Brian E. and Zhang, Zuoyi and Arno, Janet N. and Revere, Debra and Joseph Gibson, P. and Grannis, Shaun J.},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tpmid = {32250707},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC7238703},\\n\\tkeywords = {Ambulatory Care Facilities, Controlled Before-After Studies, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Humans, Indiana, Population Surveillance, Socioeconomic Factors, health information exchange, infectious disease reporting, public health surveillance},\\n\\tpages = {401--410},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dixon, B. E.\",\"Zhang, Z.\",\"Arno, J. N.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Joseph Gibson, P.\",\"Grannis, S. J.\"],\"key\":\"dixon_improving_2020\",\"id\":\"dixon_improving_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dixon-zhang-arno-revere-josephgibson-grannis-improvingnotifiablediseasecasereportingthroughelectronicinformationexchangefacilitateddecisionsupportacontrolledbeforeandaftertrial-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Ambulatory Care Facilities\",\"Controlled Before-After Studies\",\"Data Collection\",\"Disease Notification\",\"Electronic Health Records\",\"Health Information Exchange\",\"Humans\",\"Indiana\",\"Population Surveillance\",\"Socioeconomic Factors\",\"health information exchange\",\"infectious disease reporting\",\"public health surveillance\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Implementing Innovations in Public Health Agency Preparedness and Response Programs\",\"volume\":\"108\",\"issn\":\"1541-0048\",\"doi\":\"10.2105/AJPH.2018.304795\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"S5\",\"journal\":\"American Journal of Public Health\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karasz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hilary\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Allan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Susan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"pmid\":\"30422698\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC6236713\",\"keywords\":\"Civil Defense, Communication, Disaster Planning, Humans, Public Health Administration\",\"pages\":\"S369–S371\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{baseman_implementing_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Implementing {Innovations} in {Public} {Health} {Agency} {Preparedness} and {Response} {Programs}},\\n\\tvolume = {108},\\n\\tissn = {1541-0048},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2105/AJPH.2018.304795},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {S5},\\n\\tjournal = {American Journal of Public Health},\\n\\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra and Karasz, Hilary and Allan, Susan},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tpmid = {30422698},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC6236713},\\n\\tkeywords = {Civil Defense, Communication, Disaster Planning, Humans, Public Health Administration},\\n\\tpages = {S369--S371},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baseman, J.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Karasz, H.\",\"Allan, S.\"],\"key\":\"baseman_implementing_2018\",\"id\":\"baseman_implementing_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baseman-revere-karasz-allan-implementinginnovationsinpublichealthagencypreparednessandresponseprograms-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Civil Defense\",\"Communication\",\"Disaster Planning\",\"Humans\",\"Public Health Administration\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Informatics for Peru in the new millennium\",\"volume\":\"84\",\"issn\":\"0926-9630\",\"abstract\":\"INTRODUCTION: As efforts continue to narrow the digital divide between the North and South, a new biomedical and health informatics training effort has been launched in Peru. This report describes the first year of work on this collaborative effort between the University of Washington (Seattle) Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and Universidad Nacional de San Marcos (Peru) OBJECTIVES: To describe activities in the first year of a new International Research and Training Program in Biomedical and Health Informatics. METHODS: Descriptive analysis of key activities including an assessment of electronic environment through observation and survey, an in country short course with quantitative evaluation, and first round of recruitment of Peruvian scholars for long-term training in Seattle. RESULTS: A two-week short course on informatics was held in the country. Participants' success in learning was demonstrated through pretest/posttest. A systematic assessment of electronic environment in Peru was carried out and two scholars for long-term training were enrolled at the University of Washington, Seattle. DISCUSSION: Initial activity in the collaborative training effort has been high. Of particular importance in this environment is orchestration of efforts among interested parties with similar goals in Peru, and integration of informatics skills into ongoing large-scale research projects in country.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"Pt 2\",\"journal\":\"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kimball\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gonzales\"],\"firstnames\":[\"V.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pautler\"],\"firstnames\":[\"N.\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Alarcón\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Garcia\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P.\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fuller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2001\",\"pmid\":\"11604888\",\"keywords\":\"International Cooperation, Medical Informatics, Peru, Program Evaluation, United States, Washington\",\"pages\":\"1033–1037\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{karras_informatics_2001,\\n\\ttitle = {Informatics for {Peru} in the new millennium},\\n\\tvolume = {84},\\n\\tissn = {0926-9630},\\n\\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: As efforts continue to narrow the digital divide between the North and South, a new biomedical and health informatics training effort has been launched in Peru. This report describes the first year of work on this collaborative effort between the University of Washington (Seattle) Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and Universidad Nacional de San Marcos (Peru)\\nOBJECTIVES: To describe activities in the first year of a new International Research and Training Program in Biomedical and Health Informatics.\\nMETHODS: Descriptive analysis of key activities including an assessment of electronic environment through observation and survey, an in country short course with quantitative evaluation, and first round of recruitment of Peruvian scholars for long-term training in Seattle.\\nRESULTS: A two-week short course on informatics was held in the country. Participants' success in learning was demonstrated through pretest/posttest. A systematic assessment of electronic environment in Peru was carried out and two scholars for long-term training were enrolled at the University of Washington, Seattle.\\nDISCUSSION: Initial activity in the collaborative training effort has been high. Of particular importance in this environment is orchestration of efforts among interested parties with similar goals in Peru, and integration of informatics skills into ongoing large-scale research projects in country.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {Pt 2},\\n\\tjournal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Karras, B. T. and Kimball, A. M. and Gonzales, V. and Pautler, N. A. and Alarcón, J. and Garcia, P. J. and Fuller, S.},\\n\\tyear = {2001},\\n\\tpmid = {11604888},\\n\\tkeywords = {International Cooperation, Medical Informatics, Peru, Program Evaluation, United States, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {1033--1037},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Karras, B. T.\",\"Kimball, A. M.\",\"Gonzales, V.\",\"Pautler, N. A.\",\"Alarcón, J.\",\"Garcia, P. J.\",\"Fuller, S.\"],\"key\":\"karras_informatics_2001\",\"id\":\"karras_informatics_2001\",\"bibbaseid\":\"karras-kimball-gonzales-pautler-alarcn-garcia-fuller-informaticsforperuinthenewmillennium-2001\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"International Cooperation\",\"Medical Informatics\",\"Peru\",\"Program Evaluation\",\"United States\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"IML: An image markup language\",\"issn\":\"1531-605X\",\"shorttitle\":\"IML\",\"abstract\":\"Image Markup Language is an extensible markup language (XML) schema used to describe both image metadata and annotations. It describes both data pertaining to an entire image, and data that are tied to specific regions or features of the image. Developed for a specific domain in Medical Education, this pa-per describes extensions to take advantage of the Dublin Core metadata standard, and of an XML schema for vector graphics representation. We have developed a prototype system of open source tools implementing an authoring system, a client system, and an image annotation database which can be queried though the Web.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"Proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"W.\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Trigg\"],\"firstnames\":[\"L.\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bliss\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brinkley\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2001\",\"pmid\":\"11825219\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC2243617\",\"keywords\":\"Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Programming Languages, Software\",\"pages\":\"403–407\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lober_iml_2001,\\n\\ttitle = {{IML}: {An} image markup language},\\n\\tissn = {1531-605X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {{IML}},\\n\\tabstract = {Image Markup Language is an extensible markup language (XML) schema used to describe both image metadata and annotations. It describes both data pertaining to an entire image, and data that are tied to specific regions or features of the image. Developed for a specific domain in Medical Education, this pa-per describes extensions to take advantage of the Dublin Core metadata standard, and of an XML schema for vector graphics representation. We have developed a prototype system of open source tools implementing an authoring system, a client system, and an image annotation database which can be queried though the Web.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {Proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Lober, W. B. and Trigg, L. J. and Bliss, D. and Brinkley, J. M.},\\n\\tyear = {2001},\\n\\tpmid = {11825219},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC2243617},\\n\\tkeywords = {Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Programming Languages, Software},\\n\\tpages = {403--407},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Trigg, L. J.\",\"Bliss, D.\",\"Brinkley, J. M.\"],\"key\":\"lober_iml_2001\",\"id\":\"lober_iml_2001\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lober-trigg-bliss-brinkley-imlanimagemarkuplanguage-2001\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Diagnostic Imaging\",\"Humans\",\"Programming Languages\",\"Software\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Factors related to cancer screening in Hispanics: a comparison of the perceptions of Hispanic community members, health care providers, and representatives of organizations that serve Hispanics\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"issn\":\"1090-1981\",\"shorttitle\":\"Factors related to cancer screening in Hispanics\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/109019810102800505\",\"abstract\":\"Hispanics have lower rates of screening for cervical, breast, and colon cancer than non-Hispanics. Activities to increase cancer screening in this population may not be informed by Hispanics, which may have implications for success rates of interventions. In this study, the perceptions about cancer screening behaviors in Hispanics are compared among three groups: a random sample of respondents (75% Hispanic) to a population-based survey, health care providers (primarily non-Hispanic), and representatives of organizations that serve Hispanics (36% Hispanic). While there was agreement that socioeconomic factors were important for cancer screening, differing views were expressed regarding the importance of cultural factors for cancer screening among Hispanics. Interventions developed by those who serve the Hispanic population may be based on inaccurate perceptions about the beliefs and practices of the population served. For effective interventions, it will be necessary to understand the factors important to Hispanics for cancer screening.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"5\",\"journal\":\"Health Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Puschel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"K.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thompson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Coronado\"],\"firstnames\":[\"G.\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lopez\"],\"firstnames\":[\"L.\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kimball\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2001\",\"pmid\":\"11575687\",\"keywords\":\"Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Community Health Services, Culture, Data Collection, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Neoplasms, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Socioeconomic Factors, Washington\",\"pages\":\"573–590\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{puschel_factors_2001,\\n\\ttitle = {Factors related to cancer screening in {Hispanics}: a comparison of the perceptions of {Hispanic} community members, health care providers, and representatives of organizations that serve {Hispanics}},\\n\\tvolume = {28},\\n\\tissn = {1090-1981},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Factors related to cancer screening in {Hispanics}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/109019810102800505},\\n\\tabstract = {Hispanics have lower rates of screening for cervical, breast, and colon cancer than non-Hispanics. Activities to increase cancer screening in this population may not be informed by Hispanics, which may have implications for success rates of interventions. In this study, the perceptions about cancer screening behaviors in Hispanics are compared among three groups: a random sample of respondents (75\\\\% Hispanic) to a population-based survey, health care providers (primarily non-Hispanic), and representatives of organizations that serve Hispanics (36\\\\% Hispanic). While there was agreement that socioeconomic factors were important for cancer screening, differing views were expressed regarding the importance of cultural factors for cancer screening among Hispanics. Interventions developed by those who serve the Hispanic population may be based on inaccurate perceptions about the beliefs and practices of the population served. For effective interventions, it will be necessary to understand the factors important to Hispanics for cancer screening.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {5},\\n\\tjournal = {Health Education \\\\& Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education},\\n\\tauthor = {Puschel, K. and Thompson, B. and Coronado, G. D. and Lopez, L. C. and Kimball, A. M.},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2001},\\n\\tpmid = {11575687},\\n\\tkeywords = {Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Community Health Services, Culture, Data Collection, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Neoplasms, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Socioeconomic Factors, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {573--590},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Puschel, K.\",\"Thompson, B.\",\"Coronado, G. D.\",\"Lopez, L. C.\",\"Kimball, A. M.\"],\"key\":\"puschel_factors_2001\",\"id\":\"puschel_factors_2001\",\"bibbaseid\":\"puschel-thompson-coronado-lopez-kimball-factorsrelatedtocancerscreeninginhispanicsacomparisonoftheperceptionsofhispaniccommunitymembershealthcareprovidersandrepresentativesoforganizationsthatservehispanics-2001\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Adult\",\"Attitude of Health Personnel\",\"Community Health Services\",\"Culture\",\"Data Collection\",\"Female\",\"Health Services Accessibility\",\"Hispanic or Latino\",\"Humans\",\"Male\",\"Mass Screening\",\"Neoplasms\",\"Patient Acceptance of Health Care\",\"Socioeconomic Factors\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Creating a New Therapeutic Relationship: Using Two-way Pagers to Deliver Continuous Care to Outpatients\",\"issn\":\"1531-605X\",\"shorttitle\":\"Creating a New Therapeutic Relationship\",\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2243886/\",\"urldate\":\"2022-08-17\",\"journal\":\"Proceedings of the AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dunbar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P.J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2000\",\"pmid\":\"null\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC2243886\",\"pages\":\"1116\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_creating_2000,\\n\\ttitle = {Creating a {New} {Therapeutic} {Relationship}: {Using} {Two}-way {Pagers} to {Deliver} {Continuous} {Care} to {Outpatients}},\\n\\tissn = {1531-605X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Creating a {New} {Therapeutic} {Relationship}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2243886/},\\n\\turldate = {2022-08-17},\\n\\tjournal = {Proceedings of the AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, D. and Dunbar, P.J.},\\n\\tyear = {2000},\\n\\tpmid = {null},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC2243886},\\n\\tpages = {1116},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Dunbar, P.\"],\"key\":\"revere_creating_2000\",\"id\":\"revere_creating_2000\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-dunbar-creatinganewtherapeuticrelationshipusingtwowaypagerstodelivercontinuouscaretooutpatients-2000\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2243886/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Emerging Infections Network\",\"volume\":\"17\",\"issn\":\"0749-3797\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00051-3\",\"abstract\":\"ISSUE: The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has undertaken an initiative in emerging infections. PROJECT: The APEC Emerging Infections Network project uses collaborative telecommunications tools such as e-mail and a World Wide Web site to bridge the broad geographic expanse and diversity of APEC. Scientists and policymakers share information to effectively combat emerging infectious disease (EID) through surveillance, prevention, research, and control measures. RESULTS: In the project's first year, site visits compiled information on Internet access in selected economies. Information sharing via electronic lists has been successful; feedback suggests that these strategies will become increasingly useful. The Emerging Infections Network (EINet) Web site includes project information, library access, surveillance data, prevention guidelines, and distance learning resources. A pilot effort to promote the secure electronic exchange of surveillance data demonstrated that informal communications may be both preferable and more feasible during the early stages of this project. LESSONS LEARNED: Human networking is as important as technology-based networking in addressing emerging infections. Internet technology in some APEC economies is barely adequate, but is becoming more reliable and accessible. Numerous member economies are eager to be included in project activities.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"American Journal of Preventive Medicine\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kimball\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Horwitch\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C.\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"O'Carroll\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P.\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Arjoso\"],\"firstnames\":[\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kunanusont\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Y.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Meyer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C.\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schubert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"L.\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dunham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P.\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"1999\",\"pmid\":\"10490062\",\"keywords\":\"Asia, Communicable Disease Control, Computer Communication Networks, Data Collection, Humans, International Cooperation, Medical Informatics, Pacific States, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Tuberculosis\",\"pages\":\"156–158\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kimball_asian_1999,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Asian} {Pacific} {Economic} {Cooperation} {Emerging} {Infections} {Network}},\\n\\tvolume = {17},\\n\\tissn = {0749-3797},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00051-3},\\n\\tabstract = {ISSUE: The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has undertaken an initiative in emerging infections.\\nPROJECT: The APEC Emerging Infections Network project uses collaborative telecommunications tools such as e-mail and a World Wide Web site to bridge the broad geographic expanse and diversity of APEC. Scientists and policymakers share information to effectively combat emerging infectious disease (EID) through surveillance, prevention, research, and control measures.\\nRESULTS: In the project's first year, site visits compiled information on Internet access in selected economies. Information sharing via electronic lists has been successful; feedback suggests that these strategies will become increasingly useful. The Emerging Infections Network (EINet) Web site includes project information, library access, surveillance data, prevention guidelines, and distance learning resources. A pilot effort to promote the secure electronic exchange of surveillance data demonstrated that informal communications may be both preferable and more feasible during the early stages of this project.\\nLESSONS LEARNED: Human networking is as important as technology-based networking in addressing emerging infections. Internet technology in some APEC economies is barely adequate, but is becoming more reliable and accessible. Numerous member economies are eager to be included in project activities.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},\\n\\tauthor = {Kimball, A. M. and Horwitch, C. A. and O'Carroll, P. W. and Arjoso, S. and Kunanusont, C. and Lin, Y. S. and Meyer, C. M. and Schubert, L. E. and Dunham, P. L.},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {1999},\\n\\tpmid = {10490062},\\n\\tkeywords = {Asia, Communicable Disease Control, Computer Communication Networks, Data Collection, Humans, International Cooperation, Medical Informatics, Pacific States, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Tuberculosis},\\n\\tpages = {156--158},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kimball, A. M.\",\"Horwitch, C. A.\",\"O'Carroll, P. W.\",\"Arjoso, S.\",\"Kunanusont, C.\",\"Lin, Y. S.\",\"Meyer, C. M.\",\"Schubert, L. E.\",\"Dunham, P. L.\"],\"key\":\"kimball_asian_1999\",\"id\":\"kimball_asian_1999\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kimball-horwitch-ocarroll-arjoso-kunanusont-lin-meyer-schubert-etal-theasianpacificeconomiccooperationemerginginfectionsnetwork-1999\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Asia\",\"Communicable Disease Control\",\"Computer Communication Networks\",\"Data Collection\",\"Humans\",\"International Cooperation\",\"Medical Informatics\",\"Pacific States\",\"Program Development\",\"Program Evaluation\",\"Tuberculosis\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Enhancing patient-provider communication with the electronic self-report assessment for cancer: a randomized trial.\",\"volume\":\"29\",\"issn\":\"1527-7755 0732-183X\",\"doi\":\"10.1200/JCO.2010.30.3909\",\"abstract\":\"PURPOSE: Although patient-reported cancer symptoms and quality-of-life issues (SQLIs) have been promoted as essential to a comprehensive assessment, efficient and efficacious methods have not been widely tested in clinical settings. The purpose of this trial was to determine the effect of the Electronic Self-Report Assessment-Cancer (ESRA-C) on the likelihood of SQLIs discussed between clinicians and patients with cancer in ambulatory clinic visits. Secondary objectives included comparison of visit duration between groups and usefulness of the ESRA-C as reported by clinicians. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 660 patients with various cancer diagnoses and stages at two institutions of a comprehensive cancer center. Patient-reported SQLIs were automatically displayed on a graphical summary and provided to the clinical team before an on-treatment visit (n = 327); in the control group, no summary was provided (n = 333). SQLIs were scored for level of severity or distress. One on-treatment clinic visit was audio recorded for each participant and then scored for discussion of each SQLI. We hypothesized that problematic SQLIs would be discussed more often when the intervention was delivered to the clinicians. RESULTS: The likelihood of SQLIs being discussed differed by randomized group and depended on whether an SQLI was first reported as problematic (P = .032). Clinic visits were similar with regard to duration between groups, and clinicians reported the summary as useful. CONCLUSION: The ESRA-C is the first electronic self-report application to increase discussion of SQLIs in a US randomized clinical trial.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"8\",\"journal\":\"Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Berry\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donna\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Blumenstein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brent\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halpenny\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Barbara\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wolpin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Seth\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fann\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jesse\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Austin-Seymour\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mary\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bush\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nigel\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karras\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bryant\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCorkle\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ruth\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21282548\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3068053\",\"keywords\":\"*Ambulatory Care, *Decision Support Systems, Clinical, *Electronic Mail, *Physician-Patient Relations, *Quality of Life, *Self Report, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ambulatory Care, Computer Graphics, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Electronic Mail, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis/psychology/*therapy, Odds Ratio, Physician-Patient Relations, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Self Report, United States, Young Adult\",\"pages\":\"1029–1035\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{berry_enhancing_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Enhancing patient-provider communication with the electronic self-report assessment for cancer: a randomized trial.},\\n\\tvolume = {29},\\n\\tissn = {1527-7755 0732-183X},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1200/JCO.2010.30.3909},\\n\\tabstract = {PURPOSE: Although patient-reported cancer symptoms and quality-of-life issues (SQLIs) have been promoted as essential to a comprehensive assessment, efficient  and efficacious methods have not been widely tested in clinical settings. The  purpose of this trial was to determine the effect of the Electronic Self-Report  Assessment-Cancer (ESRA-C) on the likelihood of SQLIs discussed between  clinicians and patients with cancer in ambulatory clinic visits. Secondary  objectives included comparison of visit duration between groups and usefulness of  the ESRA-C as reported by clinicians. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized  controlled trial was conducted in 660 patients with various cancer diagnoses and  stages at two institutions of a comprehensive cancer center. Patient-reported  SQLIs were automatically displayed on a graphical summary and provided to the  clinical team before an on-treatment visit (n = 327); in the control group, no  summary was provided (n = 333). SQLIs were scored for level of severity or  distress. One on-treatment clinic visit was audio recorded for each participant  and then scored for discussion of each SQLI. We hypothesized that problematic  SQLIs would be discussed more often when the intervention was delivered to the  clinicians. RESULTS: The likelihood of SQLIs being discussed differed by  randomized group and depended on whether an SQLI was first reported as  problematic (P = .032). Clinic visits were similar with regard to duration  between groups, and clinicians reported the summary as useful. CONCLUSION: The  ESRA-C is the first electronic self-report application to increase discussion of  SQLIs in a US randomized clinical trial.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {8},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},\\n\\tauthor = {Berry, Donna L. and Blumenstein, Brent A. and Halpenny, Barbara and Wolpin, Seth and Fann, Jesse R. and Austin-Seymour, Mary and Bush, Nigel and Karras, Bryant T. and Lober, William B. and McCorkle, Ruth},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21282548},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3068053},\\n\\tkeywords = {*Ambulatory Care, *Decision Support Systems, Clinical, *Electronic Mail, *Physician-Patient Relations, *Quality of Life, *Self Report, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ambulatory Care, Computer Graphics, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Electronic Mail, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis/psychology/*therapy, Odds Ratio, Physician-Patient Relations, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Self Report, United States, Young Adult},\\n\\tpages = {1029--1035},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Berry, D. L.\",\"Blumenstein, B. A.\",\"Halpenny, B.\",\"Wolpin, S.\",\"Fann, J. R.\",\"Austin-Seymour, M.\",\"Bush, N.\",\"Karras, B. T.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"McCorkle, R.\"],\"key\":\"berry_enhancing_2011\",\"id\":\"berry_enhancing_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"berry-blumenstein-halpenny-wolpin-fann-austinseymour-bush-karras-etal-enhancingpatientprovidercommunicationwiththeelectronicselfreportassessmentforcancerarandomizedtrial-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"*Ambulatory Care\",\"*Decision Support Systems\",\"Clinical\",\"*Electronic Mail\",\"*Physician-Patient Relations\",\"*Quality of Life\",\"*Self Report\",\"Adolescent\",\"Adult\",\"Aged\",\"Aged\",\"80 and over\",\"Ambulatory Care\",\"Computer Graphics\",\"Decision Support Systems\",\"Clinical\",\"Electronic Mail\",\"Female\",\"Humans\",\"Logistic Models\",\"Male\",\"Middle Aged\",\"Neoplasms\",\"Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis/psychology/*therapy\",\"Odds Ratio\",\"Physician-Patient Relations\",\"Prospective Studies\",\"Quality of Life\",\"Self Report\",\"United States\",\"Young Adult\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://www.cirg.washington.edu/pubs/clinical-info-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Applying a New Model for Sharing Population Health Data to National Syndromic Influenza Surveillance: DiSTRIBuTE Project Proof of Concept, 2006 to 2009.\",\"volume\":\"3\",\"issn\":\"2157-3999\",\"doi\":\"10.1371/currents.RRN1251\",\"abstract\":\"The Distributed Surveillance Taskforce for Real-time Influenza Burden Tracking and Evaluation (DiSTRIBuTE) project began as a pilot effort initiated by the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) in autumn 2006 to create a collaborative electronic emergency department (ED) syndromic influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance network based on existing state and local systems and expertise. DiSTRIBuTE brought together health departments that were interested in: 1) sharing aggregate level data; 2) maintaining jurisdictional control; 3) minimizing barriers to participation; and 4) leveraging the flexibility of local systems to create a dynamic and collaborative surveillance network. This approach was in contrast to the prevailing paradigm for surveillance where record level information was collected, stored and analyzed centrally. The DiSTRIBuTE project was created with a distributed design, where individual level data remained local and only summarized, stratified counts were reported centrally, thus minimizing privacy risks. The project was responsive to federal mandates to improve integration of federal, state, and local biosurveillance capabilities. During the proof of concept phase, 2006 to 2009, ten jurisdictions from across North America sent ISDS on a daily to weekly basis year-round, aggregated data by day, stratified by local ILI syndrome, age-group and region. During this period, data from participating U.S. state or local health departments captured over 13% of all ED visits nationwide. The initiative focused on state and local health department trust, expertise, and control. Morbidity trends observed in DiSTRIBuTE were highly correlated with other influenza surveillance measures. With the emergence of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the spring of 2009, the project was used to support information sharing and ad hoc querying at the state and local level. In the fall of 2009, through a broadly collaborative effort, the project was expanded to enhance electronic ED surveillance nationwide.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"PLoS currents\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Olson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Paladini\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marc\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Buckeridge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21894257\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3148528\",\"pages\":\"RRN1251\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{olson_applying_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Applying a {New} {Model} for {Sharing} {Population} {Health} {Data} to {National} {Syndromic} {Influenza} {Surveillance}: {DiSTRIBuTE} {Project} {Proof} of {Concept}, 2006 to 2009.},\\n\\tvolume = {3},\\n\\tissn = {2157-3999},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1371/currents.RRN1251},\\n\\tabstract = {The Distributed Surveillance Taskforce for Real-time Influenza Burden Tracking and Evaluation (DiSTRIBuTE) project began as a pilot effort initiated by the  International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) in autumn 2006 to create a  collaborative electronic emergency department (ED) syndromic influenza-like  illness (ILI) surveillance network based on existing state and local systems and  expertise. DiSTRIBuTE brought together health departments that were interested  in: 1) sharing aggregate level data; 2) maintaining jurisdictional control; 3)  minimizing barriers to participation; and 4) leveraging the flexibility of local  systems to create a dynamic and collaborative surveillance network. This approach  was in contrast to the prevailing paradigm for surveillance where record level  information was collected, stored and analyzed centrally. The DiSTRIBuTE project  was created with a distributed design, where individual level data remained local  and only summarized, stratified counts were reported centrally, thus minimizing  privacy risks. The project was responsive to federal mandates to improve  integration of federal, state, and local biosurveillance capabilities. During the  proof of concept phase, 2006 to 2009, ten jurisdictions from across North America  sent ISDS on a daily to weekly basis year-round, aggregated data by day,  stratified by local ILI syndrome, age-group and region. During this period, data  from participating U.S. state or local health departments captured over 13\\\\% of  all ED visits nationwide. The initiative focused on state and local health  department trust, expertise, and control. Morbidity trends observed in DiSTRIBuTE  were highly correlated with other influenza surveillance measures. With the  emergence of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the spring of 2009, the project was used  to support information sharing and ad hoc querying at the state and local level.  In the fall of 2009, through a broadly collaborative effort, the project was  expanded to enhance electronic ED surveillance nationwide.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {PLoS currents},\\n\\tauthor = {Olson, Donald R. and Paladini, Marc and Lober, William B. and Buckeridge, David L.},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21894257},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3148528},\\n\\tpages = {RRN1251},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Olson, D. R.\",\"Paladini, M.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Buckeridge, D. L.\"],\"key\":\"olson_applying_2011\",\"id\":\"olson_applying_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"olson-paladini-lober-buckeridge-applyinganewmodelforsharingpopulationhealthdatatonationalsyndromicinfluenzasurveillancedistributeprojectproofofconcept2006to2009-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Global pharmacovigilance for antiretroviral drugs: overcoming contrasting priorities\",\"volume\":\"8\",\"issn\":\"1549-1676\",\"shorttitle\":\"Global pharmacovigilance for antiretroviral drugs\",\"doi\":\"10.1371/journal.pmed.1001054\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"7\",\"journal\":\"PLoS medicine\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bakare\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nyasha\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Edwards\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ivor\",\"Ralph\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stergachis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pal\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shanthi\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Holmes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Charles\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lindquist\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marie\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Duncombe\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Chris\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dodoo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alex\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Novendstern\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Joel\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nwokike\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jude\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kuchenbecker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ricardo\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Aberg\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Judith\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Miller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Veronica\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Strobos\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jur\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21750668\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3130019\",\"keywords\":\"Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Confidentiality, Delivery of Health Care, Drug Industry, Humans, Insurance, Health, International Cooperation, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing\",\"pages\":\"e1001054\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{bakare_global_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Global pharmacovigilance for antiretroviral drugs: overcoming contrasting priorities},\\n\\tvolume = {8},\\n\\tissn = {1549-1676},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Global pharmacovigilance for antiretroviral drugs},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1001054},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {7},\\n\\tjournal = {PLoS medicine},\\n\\tauthor = {Bakare, Nyasha and Edwards, Ivor Ralph and Stergachis, Andy and Pal, Shanthi and Holmes, Charles B. and Lindquist, Marie and Duncombe, Chris and Dodoo, Alex and Novendstern, Joel and Nwokike, Jude and Kuchenbecker, Ricardo and Aberg, Judith A. and Miller, Veronica and Strobos, Jur},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21750668},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3130019},\\n\\tkeywords = {Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Confidentiality, Delivery of Health Care, Drug Industry, Humans, Insurance, Health, International Cooperation, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing},\\n\\tpages = {e1001054},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bakare, N.\",\"Edwards, I. R.\",\"Stergachis, A.\",\"Pal, S.\",\"Holmes, C. B.\",\"Lindquist, M.\",\"Duncombe, C.\",\"Dodoo, A.\",\"Novendstern, J.\",\"Nwokike, J.\",\"Kuchenbecker, R.\",\"Aberg, J. A.\",\"Miller, V.\",\"Strobos, J.\"],\"key\":\"bakare_global_2011\",\"id\":\"bakare_global_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bakare-edwards-stergachis-pal-holmes-lindquist-duncombe-dodoo-etal-globalpharmacovigilanceforantiretroviraldrugsovercomingcontrastingpriorities-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems\",\"Anti-Retroviral Agents\",\"Confidentiality\",\"Delivery of Health Care\",\"Drug Industry\",\"Humans\",\"Insurance\",\"Health\",\"International Cooperation\",\"Product Surveillance\",\"Postmarketing\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"address\":\"Vancouver WA\",\"title\":\"Effectiveness of Public Health-to-Health Care Provider Emergency Communications\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{baseman_effectiveness_2011,\\n\\taddress = {Vancouver WA},\\n\\ttitle = {Effectiveness of {Public} {Health}-to-{Health} {Care} {Provider} {Emergency} {Communications}},\\n\\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baseman, J.\",\"Revere, D.\"],\"key\":\"baseman_effectiveness_2011\",\"id\":\"baseman_effectiveness_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baseman-revere-effectivenessofpublichealthtohealthcareprovideremergencycommunications-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Cost effectiveness of a pharmacy-only refill program in a large urban HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda\",\"volume\":\"6\",\"issn\":\"1932-6203\",\"doi\":\"10.1371/journal.pone.0018193\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries face increasing numbers of patients and workforce shortages. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing a Pharmacy-only Refill Program (PRP), a form of task-shifting, to the Standard of Care (SOC) at a large HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda, the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI). The PRP was started to reduce workforce shortages and optimize patient care by substituting pharmacy visits for SOC involving monthly physician visits for accessing antiretroviral medicines. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a retrospective cohort analysis to compare the effectiveness of the PRP compared to SOC. Effectiveness was defined as Favorable Immune Response (FIR), measured as having a CD4 lymphocyte count of over 500 cells/µl at follow-up. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the difference in FIR between patients in the PRP and SOC. We incorporated estimates of effectiveness into an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis performed from a limited societal perspective. We estimated costs from previous studies at IDI and conducted univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We identified 829 patients, 578 in the PRP and 251 in SOC. After 12.8 months (PRP) and 15.1 months (SOC) of follow-up, 18.9% of patients had a FIR, 18.6% in the PRP and 19.6% in SOC. There was a non-significant 9% decrease in the odds of having a FIR for PRP compared to SOC after adjusting for other variables (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.55-1.58). The PRP was less costly than the SOC (US$ 520 vs. 655 annually, respectively). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing PRP to SOC was US$ 13,500 per FIR. PRP remained cost-effective at univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The PRP is more cost-effective than the standard of care. Similar task-shifting programs might help large HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries to cope with increasing numbers of patients seeking care.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"PloS One\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Babigumira\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Joseph\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Castelnuovo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Barbara\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stergachis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kiragga\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Agnes\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shaefer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Petra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lamorde\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mohammed\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kambugu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrew\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Muwanga\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alice\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Garrison\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Louis\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21464895\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3065481\",\"keywords\":\"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cities, Computer Simulation, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Demography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Monte Carlo Method, Multivariate Analysis, Pharmacy, Prescription Drugs, Standard of Care, Uganda\",\"pages\":\"e18193\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{babigumira_cost_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Cost effectiveness of a pharmacy-only refill program in a large urban {HIV}/{AIDS} clinic in {Uganda}},\\n\\tvolume = {6},\\n\\tissn = {1932-6203},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0018193},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries face increasing numbers of patients and workforce shortages. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing a Pharmacy-only Refill Program (PRP), a form of task-shifting, to the Standard of Care (SOC) at a large HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda, the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI). The PRP was started to reduce workforce shortages and optimize patient care by substituting pharmacy visits for SOC involving monthly physician visits for accessing antiretroviral medicines.\\nMETHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a retrospective cohort analysis to compare the effectiveness of the PRP compared to SOC. Effectiveness was defined as Favorable Immune Response (FIR), measured as having a CD4 lymphocyte count of over 500 cells/µl at follow-up. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the difference in FIR between patients in the PRP and SOC. We incorporated estimates of effectiveness into an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis performed from a limited societal perspective. We estimated costs from previous studies at IDI and conducted univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We identified 829 patients, 578 in the PRP and 251 in SOC. After 12.8 months (PRP) and 15.1 months (SOC) of follow-up, 18.9\\\\% of patients had a FIR, 18.6\\\\% in the PRP and 19.6\\\\% in SOC. There was a non-significant 9\\\\% decrease in the odds of having a FIR for PRP compared to SOC after adjusting for other variables (OR 0.93, 95\\\\% CI 0.55-1.58). The PRP was less costly than the SOC (US\\\\$ 520 vs. 655 annually, respectively). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing PRP to SOC was US\\\\$ 13,500 per FIR. PRP remained cost-effective at univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.\\nCONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The PRP is more cost-effective than the standard of care. Similar task-shifting programs might help large HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries to cope with increasing numbers of patients seeking care.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {PloS One},\\n\\tauthor = {Babigumira, Joseph B. and Castelnuovo, Barbara and Stergachis, Andy and Kiragga, Agnes and Shaefer, Petra and Lamorde, Mohammed and Kambugu, Andrew and Muwanga, Alice and Garrison, Louis P.},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21464895},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3065481},\\n\\tkeywords = {Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cities, Computer Simulation, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Demography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Monte Carlo Method, Multivariate Analysis, Pharmacy, Prescription Drugs, Standard of Care, Uganda},\\n\\tpages = {e18193},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Babigumira, J. B.\",\"Castelnuovo, B.\",\"Stergachis, A.\",\"Kiragga, A.\",\"Shaefer, P.\",\"Lamorde, M.\",\"Kambugu, A.\",\"Muwanga, A.\",\"Garrison, L. P.\"],\"key\":\"babigumira_cost_2011\",\"id\":\"babigumira_cost_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"babigumira-castelnuovo-stergachis-kiragga-shaefer-lamorde-kambugu-muwanga-etal-costeffectivenessofapharmacyonlyrefillprograminalargeurbanhivaidsclinicinuganda-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome\",\"Adult\",\"CD4 Lymphocyte Count\",\"Cities\",\"Computer Simulation\",\"Cost-Benefit Analysis\",\"Demography\",\"Female\",\"Follow-Up Studies\",\"Humans\",\"Male\",\"Monte Carlo Method\",\"Multivariate Analysis\",\"Pharmacy\",\"Prescription Drugs\",\"Standard of Care\",\"Uganda\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Applying the XForms Standard to Public Health Case Reporting and Alerting\",\"volume\":\"3\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615786/\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656\",\"abstract\":\"Notifiable condition reporting and alerting are two important public health functions. Today, a variety of methods are used to transfer these types of information. The increasing use of electronic health record systems by healthcare providers makes new types of electronic communication possible. We used the XForms standard and nationally recognized technical profiles to demonstrate the communication of both notifiable condition reports and patient-tailored public health alerts. This demonstration of bi-directional communication took placein a prototypical health information exchange environment. We successfully transferred information between provider electronic health record systems and public health systems for notifiable condition reporting. Patient-specific alerts were successfully sent from public health to provider systems. In this paper we discuss the benefits of XForms, including the use of XML, advanced form controls, form initialization and reduction in scripting. We also review implementation challenges, the maturity of the technology and its suitability for use in public health.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2022-08-04\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\",\"A\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\",\"G\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Boge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Craig\",\"L\",\"K\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Oberle\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"W\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Doctor\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jason\",\"N\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"23569609\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3615786\",\"pages\":\"ojphi.v3i2.3656\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hills_applying_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Applying the {XForms} {Standard} to {Public} {Health} {Case} {Reporting} and {Alerting}},\\n\\tvolume = {3},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615786/},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656},\\n\\tabstract = {Notifiable condition reporting and alerting are two important public health functions. Today, a variety of methods are used to transfer these types of information. The increasing use of electronic health record systems by healthcare providers makes new types of electronic communication possible. We used the XForms standard and nationally recognized technical profiles to demonstrate the communication of both notifiable condition reports and patient-tailored public health alerts. This demonstration of bi-directional communication took placein a prototypical health information exchange environment. We successfully transferred information between provider electronic health record systems and public health systems for notifiable condition reporting. Patient-specific alerts were successfully sent from public health to provider systems. In this paper we discuss the benefits of XForms, including the use of XML, advanced form controls, form initialization and reduction in scripting. We also review implementation challenges, the maturity of the technology and its suitability for use in public health.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2022-08-04},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Hills, Rebecca A and Baseman, Janet G and Revere, Debra and Boge, Craig L K and Oberle, Mark W and Doctor, Jason N and Lober, William B},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {23569609},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3615786},\\n\\tpages = {ojphi.v3i2.3656},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hills, R. A\",\"Baseman, J. G\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Boge, C. L K\",\"Oberle, M. W\",\"Doctor, J. N\",\"Lober, W. B\"],\"key\":\"hills_applying_2011\",\"id\":\"hills_applying_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615786/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://www.cirg.washington.edu/pubs/clinical-info-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"From intervention informatics to prevention informatics\",\"volume\":\"38\",\"issn\":\"1550-8366\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112\",\"abstract\":\"The contributions of the information science community to health care are significant, especially through systems supporting clinical care for individual patients, an intervention informatics approach. Though valuable, this strategy is reactive, fails to account for numerous environmental factors affecting personal health and falls short of enhancing human health on a broader scale. An unmet challenge with abundant opportunity lies in prevention informatics, a proactive approach drawing on information science and technologies to deliver greater health gains at a population level. Prevention informatics is marked by a high degree social interactivity in real time, with technologies to bring together disparate data and represent it in an integrated and meaningful way as the basis for action. The approach relies on standards for classifying information, systematic knowledge management and improved methods to collect, mine and visualize data. Tools and software are already in use in locations around the world, relying on smartphone technology and geographic information systems to share community health information and location data. Further advances in prevention informatics will require adoption of common terminologies, visualization tools and GIS mapping, and optimized data exchange to support rapid prevention response.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2022-08-04\",\"journal\":\"Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fuller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sherrilynne\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2011\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112\",\"pages\":\"36–41\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{fuller_intervention_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {From intervention informatics to prevention informatics},\\n\\tvolume = {38},\\n\\tissn = {1550-8366},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112},\\n\\tabstract = {The contributions of the information science community to health care are significant, especially through systems supporting clinical care for individual patients, an intervention informatics approach. Though valuable, this strategy is reactive, fails to account for numerous environmental factors affecting personal health and falls short of enhancing human health on a broader scale. An unmet challenge with abundant opportunity lies in prevention informatics, a proactive approach drawing on information science and technologies to deliver greater health gains at a population level. Prevention informatics is marked by a high degree social interactivity in real time, with technologies to bring together disparate data and represent it in an integrated and meaningful way as the basis for action. The approach relies on standards for classifying information, systematic knowledge management and improved methods to collect, mine and visualize data. Tools and software are already in use in locations around the world, relying on smartphone technology and geographic information systems to share community health information and location data. Further advances in prevention informatics will require adoption of common terminologies, visualization tools and GIS mapping, and optimized data exchange to support rapid prevention response.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2022-08-04},\\n\\tjournal = {Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology},\\n\\tauthor = {Fuller, Sherrilynne},\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112},\\n\\tpages = {36--41},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fuller, S.\"],\"key\":\"fuller_intervention_2011\",\"id\":\"fuller_intervention_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fuller-frominterventioninformaticstopreventioninformatics-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Development and evaluation of a prototype search engine to meet public health information needs\",\"volume\":\"2011\",\"issn\":\"1942-597X\",\"abstract\":\"Grey literature is information not available through commercial publishers. It is a sizable and valuable information source for public health (PH) practice but because documents are not formally indexed the information is difficult to locate. Public Health Information Search (PHIS) was developed to address this problem. NLP techniques were used to create informative document summaries for an extensive collection of grey literature on PH topics. The system was evaluated with PH workers using the critical incident technique in a two stage field evaluation to assess effectiveness in comparison with Google. Document summaries were found to be both helpful and accurate. Increased document collection size and enhanced result rankings improved search effectiveness from 28% to 55%. PHIS would work best in conjunction with Google or another broad coverage Web search engine when searching for documents and reports as opposed to local health data and primary disease information. PHIS could enhance both the quality and quantity of PH search results.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Keeling\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jonathan\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Turner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anne\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Allen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eileen\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rowe\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Steven\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Merrill\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jacqueline\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liddy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Elizabeth\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Turtle\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Howard\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"22195125\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3243142\",\"keywords\":\"Humans, Internet, Public Health Informatics, Publications, Search Engine\",\"pages\":\"693–700\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{keeling_development_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Development and evaluation of a prototype search engine to meet public health information needs},\\n\\tvolume = {2011},\\n\\tissn = {1942-597X},\\n\\tabstract = {Grey literature is information not available through commercial publishers. It is a sizable and valuable information source for public health (PH) practice but because documents are not formally indexed the information is difficult to locate. Public Health Information Search (PHIS) was developed to address this problem. NLP techniques were used to create informative document summaries for an extensive collection of grey literature on PH topics. The system was evaluated with PH workers using the critical incident technique in a two stage field evaluation to assess effectiveness in comparison with Google. Document summaries were found to be both helpful and accurate. Increased document collection size and enhanced result rankings improved search effectiveness from 28\\\\% to 55\\\\%. PHIS would work best in conjunction with Google or another broad coverage Web search engine when searching for documents and reports as opposed to local health data and primary disease information. PHIS could enhance both the quality and quantity of PH search results.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\\n\\tauthor = {Keeling, Jonathan W. and Turner, Anne M. and Allen, Eileen E. and Rowe, Steven A. and Merrill, Jacqueline A. and Liddy, Elizabeth D. and Turtle, Howard R.},\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {22195125},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3243142},\\n\\tkeywords = {Humans, Internet, Public Health Informatics, Publications, Search Engine},\\n\\tpages = {693--700},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Keeling, J. W.\",\"Turner, A. M.\",\"Allen, E. E.\",\"Rowe, S. A.\",\"Merrill, J. A.\",\"Liddy, E. D.\",\"Turtle, H. R.\"],\"key\":\"keeling_development_2011\",\"id\":\"keeling_development_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"keeling-turner-allen-rowe-merrill-liddy-turtle-developmentandevaluationofaprototypesearchenginetomeetpublichealthinformationneeds-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Humans\",\"Internet\",\"Public Health Informatics\",\"Publications\",\"Search Engine\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Application of statistical machine translation to public health information: a feasibility study\",\"volume\":\"18\",\"issn\":\"1527-974X\",\"shorttitle\":\"Application of statistical machine translation to public health information\",\"doi\":\"10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000176\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVE: Accurate, understandable public health information is important for ensuring the health of the nation. The large portion of the US population with Limited English Proficiency is best served by translations of public-health information into other languages. However, a large number of health departments and primary care clinics face significant barriers to fulfilling federal mandates to provide multilingual materials to Limited English Proficiency individuals. This article presents a pilot study on the feasibility of using freely available statistical machine translation technology to translate health promotion materials. DESIGN: The authors gathered health-promotion materials in English from local and national public-health websites. Spanish versions were created by translating the documents using a freely available machine-translation website. Translations were rated for adequacy and fluency, analyzed for errors, manually corrected by a human posteditor, and compared with exclusively manual translations. RESULTS: Machine translation plus postediting took 15-53 min per document, compared to the reported days or even weeks for the standard translation process. A blind comparison of machine-assisted and human translations of six documents revealed overall equivalency between machine-translated and manually translated materials. The analysis of translation errors indicated that the most important errors were word-sense errors. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that machine translation plus postediting may be an effective method of producing multilingual health materials with equivalent quality but lower cost compared to manual translations.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"4\",\"journal\":\"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kirchhoff\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Katrin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Turner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anne\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Axelrod\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Amittai\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Saavedra\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Francisco\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21498805\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3128406\",\"keywords\":\"Automation, Consumer Health Information, Feasibility Studies, Health Promotion, Humans, Internet, Multilingualism, Pilot Projects, Translating, United States\",\"pages\":\"473–478\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kirchhoff_application_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Application of statistical machine translation to public health information: a feasibility study},\\n\\tvolume = {18},\\n\\tissn = {1527-974X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Application of statistical machine translation to public health information},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000176},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: Accurate, understandable public health information is important for ensuring the health of the nation. The large portion of the US population with Limited English Proficiency is best served by translations of public-health information into other languages. However, a large number of health departments and primary care clinics face significant barriers to fulfilling federal mandates to provide multilingual materials to Limited English Proficiency individuals. This article presents a pilot study on the feasibility of using freely available statistical machine translation technology to translate health promotion materials.\\nDESIGN: The authors gathered health-promotion materials in English from local and national public-health websites. Spanish versions were created by translating the documents using a freely available machine-translation website. Translations were rated for adequacy and fluency, analyzed for errors, manually corrected by a human posteditor, and compared with exclusively manual translations.\\nRESULTS: Machine translation plus postediting took 15-53 min per document, compared to the reported days or even weeks for the standard translation process. A blind comparison of machine-assisted and human translations of six documents revealed overall equivalency between machine-translated and manually translated materials. The analysis of translation errors indicated that the most important errors were word-sense errors.\\nCONCLUSION: The results indicate that machine translation plus postediting may be an effective method of producing multilingual health materials with equivalent quality but lower cost compared to manual translations.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\\n\\tauthor = {Kirchhoff, Katrin and Turner, Anne M. and Axelrod, Amittai and Saavedra, Francisco},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21498805},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3128406},\\n\\tkeywords = {Automation, Consumer Health Information, Feasibility Studies, Health Promotion, Humans, Internet, Multilingualism, Pilot Projects, Translating, United States},\\n\\tpages = {473--478},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kirchhoff, K.\",\"Turner, A. M.\",\"Axelrod, A.\",\"Saavedra, F.\"],\"key\":\"kirchhoff_application_2011\",\"id\":\"kirchhoff_application_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kirchhoff-turner-axelrod-saavedra-applicationofstatisticalmachinetranslationtopublichealthinformationafeasibilitystudy-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Automation\",\"Consumer Health Information\",\"Feasibility Studies\",\"Health Promotion\",\"Humans\",\"Internet\",\"Multilingualism\",\"Pilot Projects\",\"Translating\",\"United States\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Consumer empowerment in health care amid the internet and social media\",\"volume\":\"27\",\"issn\":\"1878-3449\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.soncn.2011.04.002\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVES: Consumer empowerment in health and rapid change in health information and communication technologies have their roots in broader social trends. This article reviews the activities at the intersection of consumer empowerment and technology. DATA SOURCES: Technical reports, white papers, books, journal articles, and Web sites. CONCLUSION: Social trends are visible in the integration of information and communication technologies into health care, in both searching for and sharing information on the Internet, in the use of social media to create new types of interactions with family, providers, and peers, and in the e-patient, who integrates these new roles and new technologies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Changes in both patients and technology will impact oncology nursing practice as new, patient-centered, interactions emerge.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"Seminars in Oncology Nursing\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Flowers\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janine\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21783008\",\"keywords\":\"Community Participation, Health Education, Humans, Internet, Power, Psychological, Social Support\",\"pages\":\"169–182\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lober_consumer_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Consumer empowerment in health care amid the internet and social media},\\n\\tvolume = {27},\\n\\tissn = {1878-3449},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.soncn.2011.04.002},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: Consumer empowerment in health and rapid change in health information and communication technologies have their roots in broader social trends. This article reviews the activities at the intersection of consumer empowerment and technology.\\nDATA SOURCES: Technical reports, white papers, books, journal articles, and Web sites.\\nCONCLUSION: Social trends are visible in the integration of information and communication technologies into health care, in both searching for and sharing information on the Internet, in the use of social media to create new types of interactions with family, providers, and peers, and in the e-patient, who integrates these new roles and new technologies.\\nIMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Changes in both patients and technology will impact oncology nursing practice as new, patient-centered, interactions emerge.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {Seminars in Oncology Nursing},\\n\\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Flowers, Janine L.},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21783008},\\n\\tkeywords = {Community Participation, Health Education, Humans, Internet, Power, Psychological, Social Support},\\n\\tpages = {169--182},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Flowers, J. L.\"],\"key\":\"lober_consumer_2011\",\"id\":\"lober_consumer_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lober-flowers-consumerempowermentinhealthcareamidtheinternetandsocialmedia-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Community Participation\",\"Health Education\",\"Humans\",\"Internet\",\"Power\",\"Psychological\",\"Social Support\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Addressing mental health epidemic among university students via web-based, self-screening, and referral system: a preliminary study\",\"volume\":\"15\",\"issn\":\"1558-0032\",\"shorttitle\":\"Addressing mental health epidemic among university students via web-based, self-screening, and referral system\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/TITB.2011.2107561\",\"abstract\":\"The prevalence and severity of mental health problems in college and university communities are alarming. However, the majority of students with mental disorders do not seek help from professionals. To help students assess their mental conditions and encourage them to take an active role in seeking care, we developed a web-based self-screening, referral, and secure communication system and evaluated it at the University of Washington for 17 months. The system handled more than 1000 screenings during the study period. Of the subjects who used the system, 75% noted that the system helped them to make a decision to receive help from professionals. The system was able to provide outreach to students with mental health concerns effectively, allow them to self-screen their conditions, and encourage them to receive professional assistance. The system provided students with 24/7 web-based access to the clinic, and more than 50% of the system use was made during off-hours. The system was well received by patients, referral managers, and care providers, and it was transferred to the clinic for daily clinical use. We believe that a web-based system like ours could be used as one way to tackle the growing epidemic of mental health problems among college and university students.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine: a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kim\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eung-Hun\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Coumar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anil\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kim\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yongmin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21257386\",\"keywords\":\"Adult, Epidemics, Female, Humans, Internet, Male, Mass Screening, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Referral and Consultation, Self Report, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities\",\"pages\":\"301–307\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kim_addressing_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Addressing mental health epidemic among university students via web-based, self-screening, and referral system: a preliminary study},\\n\\tvolume = {15},\\n\\tissn = {1558-0032},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Addressing mental health epidemic among university students via web-based, self-screening, and referral system},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1109/TITB.2011.2107561},\\n\\tabstract = {The prevalence and severity of mental health problems in college and university communities are alarming. However, the majority of students with mental disorders do not seek help from professionals. To help students assess their mental conditions and encourage them to take an active role in seeking care, we developed a web-based self-screening, referral, and secure communication system and evaluated it at the University of Washington for 17 months. The system handled more than 1000 screenings during the study period. Of the subjects who used the system, 75\\\\% noted that the system helped them to make a decision to receive help from professionals. The system was able to provide outreach to students with mental health concerns effectively, allow them to self-screen their conditions, and encourage them to receive professional assistance. The system provided students with 24/7 web-based access to the clinic, and more than 50\\\\% of the system use was made during off-hours. The system was well received by patients, referral managers, and care providers, and it was transferred to the clinic for daily clinical use. We believe that a web-based system like ours could be used as one way to tackle the growing epidemic of mental health problems among college and university students.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine: a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Kim, Eung-Hun and Coumar, Anil and Lober, William B. and Kim, Yongmin},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21257386},\\n\\tkeywords = {Adult, Epidemics, Female, Humans, Internet, Male, Mass Screening, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Referral and Consultation, Self Report, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities},\\n\\tpages = {301--307},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kim, E.\",\"Coumar, A.\",\"Lober, W. B.\",\"Kim, Y.\"],\"key\":\"kim_addressing_2011\",\"id\":\"kim_addressing_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kim-coumar-lober-kim-addressingmentalhealthepidemicamonguniversitystudentsviawebbasedselfscreeningandreferralsystemapreliminarystudy-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Adult\",\"Epidemics\",\"Female\",\"Humans\",\"Internet\",\"Male\",\"Mass Screening\",\"Mental Disorders\",\"Middle Aged\",\"Referral and Consultation\",\"Self Report\",\"Students\",\"Surveys and Questionnaires\",\"Universities\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Patient volume, human resource levels, and attrition from HIV treatment programs in central Mozambique\",\"volume\":\"57\",\"issn\":\"1944-7884\",\"doi\":\"10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182167e90\",\"abstract\":\"INTRODUCTION: Human resource shortages are viewed as one of the primary obstacles to provide effective services to growing patient populations receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to expand ART access further. We examined the relationship of patient volume, human resource levels, and patient characteristics with attrition from HIV treatment programs in central Mozambique. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult, ART-naive, nonpregnant patients who initiated ART between January 2006 and June 2008 in the national HIV care program. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of patient volume, clinical staff burden, and pharmacy staff burden with attrition, adjusting for patient characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 11,793 patients from 18 clinics were studied. After adjusting for patient characteristics, patients attending clinics with medium pharmacy staff burden [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.80)] and high pharmacy staff burden [HR = 2.09 (95% CI: 1.50 to 2.91)] tended to have a higher risk of attrition (P value for trend: \\\\textless0.001). Patients attending clinics with higher clinical staff burden did not have a statistically higher risk of attrition. Patients attending clinics with medium patient volume levels [HR = 1.45 (95% CI: 1.04 to 2.04)] and high patient volume levels [HR = 1.41 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.92)] had a higher risk of attrition, but the trend test was not significant (P = 0.198). DISCUSSION: Patients attending clinics with higher pharmacy staff burden had a higher risk of attrition. These results highlight a potential area within the health system where interventions could be applied to improve the retention of these patient populations.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lambdin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Barrot\",\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Micek\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Koepsell\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thomas\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hughes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"James\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sherr\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kenneth\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pfeiffer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"James\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karagianis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marina\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lara\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Joseph\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gloyd\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Stephen\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stergachis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21372723\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC4551473\",\"keywords\":\"Adolescent, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, Cohort Studies, Community Pharmacy Services, Female, HIV Infections, Health Services Accessibility, Health Workforce, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence, Middle Aged, Mozambique, Patient Dropouts, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult\",\"pages\":\"e33–39\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lambdin_patient_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Patient volume, human resource levels, and attrition from {HIV} treatment programs in central {Mozambique}},\\n\\tvolume = {57},\\n\\tissn = {1944-7884},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182167e90},\\n\\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Human resource shortages are viewed as one of the primary obstacles to provide effective services to growing patient populations receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to expand ART access further. We examined the relationship of patient volume, human resource levels, and patient characteristics with attrition from HIV treatment programs in central Mozambique.\\nMETHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult, ART-naive, nonpregnant patients who initiated ART between January 2006 and June 2008 in the national HIV care program. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of patient volume, clinical staff burden, and pharmacy staff burden with attrition, adjusting for patient characteristics.\\nRESULTS: A total of 11,793 patients from 18 clinics were studied. After adjusting for patient characteristics, patients attending clinics with medium pharmacy staff burden [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39 (95\\\\% CI: 1.07 to 1.80)] and high pharmacy staff burden [HR = 2.09 (95\\\\% CI: 1.50 to 2.91)] tended to have a higher risk of attrition (P value for trend: {\\\\textless}0.001). Patients attending clinics with higher clinical staff burden did not have a statistically higher risk of attrition. Patients attending clinics with medium patient volume levels [HR = 1.45 (95\\\\% CI: 1.04 to 2.04)] and high patient volume levels [HR = 1.41 (95\\\\% CI: 1.04 to 1.92)] had a higher risk of attrition, but the trend test was not significant (P = 0.198).\\nDISCUSSION: Patients attending clinics with higher pharmacy staff burden had a higher risk of attrition. These results highlight a potential area within the health system where interventions could be applied to improve the retention of these patient populations.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)},\\n\\tauthor = {Lambdin, Barrot H. and Micek, Mark A. and Koepsell, Thomas D. and Hughes, James P. and Sherr, Kenneth and Pfeiffer, James and Karagianis, Marina and Lara, Joseph and Gloyd, Stephen S. and Stergachis, Andy},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21372723},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC4551473},\\n\\tkeywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, Cohort Studies, Community Pharmacy Services, Female, HIV Infections, Health Services Accessibility, Health Workforce, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence, Middle Aged, Mozambique, Patient Dropouts, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult},\\n\\tpages = {e33--39},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lambdin, B. H.\",\"Micek, M. A.\",\"Koepsell, T. D.\",\"Hughes, J. P.\",\"Sherr, K.\",\"Pfeiffer, J.\",\"Karagianis, M.\",\"Lara, J.\",\"Gloyd, S. S.\",\"Stergachis, A.\"],\"key\":\"lambdin_patient_2011\",\"id\":\"lambdin_patient_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lambdin-micek-koepsell-hughes-sherr-pfeiffer-karagianis-lara-etal-patientvolumehumanresourcelevelsandattritionfromhivtreatmentprogramsincentralmozambique-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Adolescent\",\"Adult\",\"Anti-HIV Agents\",\"Cohort Studies\",\"Community Pharmacy Services\",\"Female\",\"HIV Infections\",\"Health Services Accessibility\",\"Health Workforce\",\"Humans\",\"Male\",\"Medication Adherence\",\"Middle Aged\",\"Mozambique\",\"Patient Dropouts\",\"Retrospective Studies\",\"Young Adult\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Strengthening pharmaceutical care education in Ethiopia through instructional collaboration\",\"volume\":\"75\",\"issn\":\"1553-6467\",\"doi\":\"10.5688/ajpe757134\",\"abstract\":\"OBJECTIVE: To describe the development, implementation, and initial outcomes of a pharmaceutical care training-of-trainers course developed to assist Ethiopian pharmacy faculty members and graduate students in the development of curriculum and provision of pharmaceutical care services of relevance to this low-income country. DESIGN: In this collaboration, US and Ethiopian faculty members worked together in a week-long seminar and in hospital ward rounds to develop and offer a course to facilitate faculty members, curricular, and service development in pharmaceutical care in Ethiopia. ASSESSMENT: Assessments were conducted during the seminar, immediately post-seminar, at 3 months post-seminar, and at 1 year post-seminar. An examination was administered at the conclusion of the course to assess immediate learning outcomes for the graduate students. Post-course assessments of short-term (3-month) and longer-term (12-month) impact were conducted to identify pharmaceutical care services that had been implemented to assess knowledge and skill gained during the seminar. Correspondence between seminar participants and the US faculty members as well as graduate student thesis projects provided further evidence of changes at 3 and 12 months post-course. CONCLUSION: Pharmaceutical care training was developed for Ethiopian faculty members through a seminar and hospital ward rounds. Enhancements have been added to curricula for bachelor in pharmacy students and select pharmaceutical care services have been implemented through master's thesis projects.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"7\",\"journal\":\"American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Odegard\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peggy\",\"Soule\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Tadeg\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hailu\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Downing\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Don\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mekonnen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hailemeskel\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Negussu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mekonnen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bartlein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stergachis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21969720\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3175665\",\"keywords\":\"Cooperative Behavior, Curriculum, Education, Pharmacy, Graduate, Ethiopia, Faculty, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Pharmaceutical Services, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Students, Pharmacy, Teaching, collaborative, global, pharmaceutical care, preceptor, training\",\"pages\":\"134\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{odegard_strengthening_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Strengthening pharmaceutical care education in {Ethiopia} through instructional collaboration},\\n\\tvolume = {75},\\n\\tissn = {1553-6467},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5688/ajpe757134},\\n\\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the development, implementation, and initial outcomes of a pharmaceutical care training-of-trainers course developed to assist Ethiopian pharmacy faculty members and graduate students in the development of curriculum and provision of pharmaceutical care services of relevance to this low-income country.\\nDESIGN: In this collaboration, US and Ethiopian faculty members worked together in a week-long seminar and in hospital ward rounds to develop and offer a course to facilitate faculty members, curricular, and service development in pharmaceutical care in Ethiopia.\\nASSESSMENT: Assessments were conducted during the seminar, immediately post-seminar, at 3 months post-seminar, and at 1 year post-seminar. An examination was administered at the conclusion of the course to assess immediate learning outcomes for the graduate students. Post-course assessments of short-term (3-month) and longer-term (12-month) impact were conducted to identify pharmaceutical care services that had been implemented to assess knowledge and skill gained during the seminar. Correspondence between seminar participants and the US faculty members as well as graduate student thesis projects provided further evidence of changes at 3 and 12 months post-course.\\nCONCLUSION: Pharmaceutical care training was developed for Ethiopian faculty members through a seminar and hospital ward rounds. Enhancements have been added to curricula for bachelor in pharmacy students and select pharmaceutical care services have been implemented through master's thesis projects.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {7},\\n\\tjournal = {American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education},\\n\\tauthor = {Odegard, Peggy Soule and Tadeg, Hailu and Downing, Don and Mekonnen, Hailemeskel and Negussu, Mekonnen and Bartlein, Rebecca and Stergachis, Andy},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21969720},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3175665},\\n\\tkeywords = {Cooperative Behavior, Curriculum, Education, Pharmacy, Graduate, Ethiopia, Faculty, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Pharmaceutical Services, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Students, Pharmacy, Teaching, collaborative, global, pharmaceutical care, preceptor, training},\\n\\tpages = {134},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Odegard, P. S.\",\"Tadeg, H.\",\"Downing, D.\",\"Mekonnen, H.\",\"Negussu, M.\",\"Bartlein, R.\",\"Stergachis, A.\"],\"key\":\"odegard_strengthening_2011\",\"id\":\"odegard_strengthening_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"odegard-tadeg-downing-mekonnen-negussu-bartlein-stergachis-strengtheningpharmaceuticalcareeducationinethiopiathroughinstructionalcollaboration-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Cooperative Behavior\",\"Curriculum\",\"Education\",\"Pharmacy\",\"Graduate\",\"Ethiopia\",\"Faculty\",\"Female\",\"Health Knowledge\",\"Attitudes\",\"Practice\",\"Humans\",\"Male\",\"Pharmaceutical Services\",\"Program Development\",\"Program Evaluation\",\"Students\",\"Pharmacy\",\"Teaching\",\"collaborative\",\"global\",\"pharmaceutical care\",\"preceptor\",\"training\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reusable design: a proposed approach to Public Health Informatics system design\",\"volume\":\"11\",\"issn\":\"1471-2458\",\"shorttitle\":\"Reusable design\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/1471-2458-11-116\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: Since it was first defined in 1995, Public Health Informatics (PHI) has become a recognized discipline, with a research agenda, defined domain-specific competencies and a specialized corpus of technical knowledge. Information systems form a cornerstone of PHI research and implementation, representing significant progress for the nascent field. However, PHI does not advocate or incorporate standard, domain-appropriate design methods for implementing public health information systems. Reusable design is generalized design advice that can be reused in a range of similar contexts. We propose that PHI create and reuse information design knowledge by taking a systems approach that incorporates design methods from the disciplines of Human-Computer Interaction, Interaction Design and other related disciplines. DISCUSSION: Although PHI operates in a domain with unique characteristics, many design problems in public health correspond to classic design problems, suggesting that existing design methods and solution approaches are applicable to the design of public health information systems. Among the numerous methodological frameworks used in other disciplines, we identify scenario-based design and participatory design as two widely-employed methodologies that are appropriate for adoption as PHI standards. We make the case that these methods show promise to create reusable design knowledge in PHI. SUMMARY: We propose the formalization of a set of standard design methods within PHI that can be used to pursue a strategy of design knowledge creation and reuse for cost-effective, interoperable public health information systems. We suggest that all public health informaticians should be able to use these design methods and the methods should be incorporated into PHI training.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"BMC public health\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reeder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Blaine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hills\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Demiris\"],\"firstnames\":[\"George\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pina\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jamie\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21333000\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3053242\",\"keywords\":\"Europe, Humans, Program Development, Public Health Informatics, United States\",\"pages\":\"116\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{reeder_reusable_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Reusable design: a proposed approach to {Public} {Health} {Informatics} system design},\\n\\tvolume = {11},\\n\\tissn = {1471-2458},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Reusable design},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1186/1471-2458-11-116},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Since it was first defined in 1995, Public Health Informatics (PHI) has become a recognized discipline, with a research agenda, defined domain-specific competencies and a specialized corpus of technical knowledge. Information systems form a cornerstone of PHI research and implementation, representing significant progress for the nascent field. However, PHI does not advocate or incorporate standard, domain-appropriate design methods for implementing public health information systems. Reusable design is generalized design advice that can be reused in a range of similar contexts. We propose that PHI create and reuse information design knowledge by taking a systems approach that incorporates design methods from the disciplines of Human-Computer Interaction, Interaction Design and other related disciplines.\\nDISCUSSION: Although PHI operates in a domain with unique characteristics, many design problems in public health correspond to classic design problems, suggesting that existing design methods and solution approaches are applicable to the design of public health information systems. Among the numerous methodological frameworks used in other disciplines, we identify scenario-based design and participatory design as two widely-employed methodologies that are appropriate for adoption as PHI standards. We make the case that these methods show promise to create reusable design knowledge in PHI.\\nSUMMARY: We propose the formalization of a set of standard design methods within PHI that can be used to pursue a strategy of design knowledge creation and reuse for cost-effective, interoperable public health information systems. We suggest that all public health informaticians should be able to use these design methods and the methods should be incorporated into PHI training.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {BMC public health},\\n\\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Hills, Rebecca A. and Demiris, George and Revere, Debra and Pina, Jamie},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21333000},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3053242},\\n\\tkeywords = {Europe, Humans, Program Development, Public Health Informatics, United States},\\n\\tpages = {116},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Reeder, B.\",\"Hills, R. A.\",\"Demiris, G.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Pina, J.\"],\"key\":\"reeder_reusable_2011\",\"id\":\"reeder_reusable_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"reeder-hills-demiris-revere-pina-reusabledesignaproposedapproachtopublichealthinformaticssystemdesign-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Europe\",\"Humans\",\"Program Development\",\"Public Health Informatics\",\"United States\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"National-scale clinical information exchange in the United Kingdom: lessons for the United States\",\"volume\":\"18\",\"issn\":\"1527-974X\",\"shorttitle\":\"National-scale clinical information exchange in the United Kingdom\",\"doi\":\"10.1136/jamia.2010.005611\",\"abstract\":\"Over the last four decades, the UK has made large investments in healthcare information technology. The authors conducted interviews and reviewed published and unpublished documents to describe national-scale clinical information exchange in England, how it was achieved, and the problems experienced that the USA might avoid. Clinical information exchange in the UK was accomplished by establishing a foundation of policy, infrastructure, and systems of care, by creating and acquiring clinical computing applications and with strong use of financial and clinical incentives. Many software and hardware vendors played a part in this effort; they participated in a national framework created by the NHS in which standards for exchange are specified and their applications designed to make clinical information exchange part of normal practice. Great potential exists for cost reduction, increased safety, and greater patient involvement as a result of clinical information exchange.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Payne\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thomas\",\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Detmer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Don\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wyatt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeremy\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Buchan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Iain\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21134976\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3005869\",\"keywords\":\"Electronic Health Records, General Practice, Health Plan Implementation, Humans, Medical Record Linkage, Models, Organizational, Practice Patterns, Physicians', State Medicine, Technology Assessment, Biomedical, United Kingdom, United States\",\"pages\":\"91–98\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{payne_national-scale_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {National-scale clinical information exchange in the {United} {Kingdom}: lessons for the {United} {States}},\\n\\tvolume = {18},\\n\\tissn = {1527-974X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {National-scale clinical information exchange in the {United} {Kingdom}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1136/jamia.2010.005611},\\n\\tabstract = {Over the last four decades, the UK has made large investments in healthcare information technology. The authors conducted interviews and reviewed published and unpublished documents to describe national-scale clinical information exchange in England, how it was achieved, and the problems experienced that the USA might avoid. Clinical information exchange in the UK was accomplished by establishing a foundation of policy, infrastructure, and systems of care, by creating and acquiring clinical computing applications and with strong use of financial and clinical incentives. Many software and hardware vendors played a part in this effort; they participated in a national framework created by the NHS in which standards for exchange are specified and their applications designed to make clinical information exchange part of normal practice. Great potential exists for cost reduction, increased safety, and greater patient involvement as a result of clinical information exchange.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\\n\\tauthor = {Payne, Thomas H. and Detmer, Don E. and Wyatt, Jeremy C. and Buchan, Iain E.},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21134976},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3005869},\\n\\tkeywords = {Electronic Health Records, General Practice, Health Plan Implementation, Humans, Medical Record Linkage, Models, Organizational, Practice Patterns, Physicians', State Medicine, Technology Assessment, Biomedical, United Kingdom, United States},\\n\\tpages = {91--98},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Payne, T. H.\",\"Detmer, D. E.\",\"Wyatt, J. C.\",\"Buchan, I. E.\"],\"key\":\"payne_national-scale_2011\",\"id\":\"payne_national-scale_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"payne-detmer-wyatt-buchan-nationalscaleclinicalinformationexchangeintheunitedkingdomlessonsfortheunitedstates-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Electronic Health Records\",\"General Practice\",\"Health Plan Implementation\",\"Humans\",\"Medical Record Linkage\",\"Models\",\"Organizational\",\"Practice Patterns\",\"Physicians'\",\"State Medicine\",\"Technology Assessment\",\"Biomedical\",\"United Kingdom\",\"United States\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Scenario-based design: a method for connecting information system design with public health operations and emergency management\",\"volume\":\"44\",\"issn\":\"1532-0480\",\"shorttitle\":\"Scenario-based design\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jbi.2011.07.004\",\"abstract\":\"Responding to public health emergencies requires rapid and accurate assessment of workforce availability under adverse and changing circumstances. However, public health information systems to support resource management during both routine and emergency operations are currently lacking. We applied scenario-based design as an approach to engage public health practitioners in the creation and validation of an information design to support routine and emergency public health activities. METHODS: Using semi-structured interviews we identified the information needs and activities of senior public health managers of a large municipal health department during routine and emergency operations. RESULTS: Interview analysis identified 25 information needs for public health operations management. The identified information needs were used in conjunction with scenario-based design to create 25 scenarios of use and a public health manager persona. Scenarios of use and persona were validated and modified based on follow-up surveys with study participants. Scenarios were used to test and gain feedback on a pilot information system. CONCLUSION: The method of scenario-based design was applied to represent the resource management needs of senior-level public health managers under routine and disaster settings. Scenario-based design can be a useful tool for engaging public health practitioners in the design process and to validate an information system design.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"6\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Biomedical Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reeder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Blaine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Turner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anne\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21807120\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3226920\",\"keywords\":\"Communication, Disaster Planning, Emergencies, Health Services Administration, Humans, Information Dissemination, Information Systems, Interviews as Topic, Public Health Administration, Research Design\",\"pages\":\"978–988\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{reeder_scenario-based_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Scenario-based design: a method for connecting information system design with public health operations and emergency management},\\n\\tvolume = {44},\\n\\tissn = {1532-0480},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Scenario-based design},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2011.07.004},\\n\\tabstract = {Responding to public health emergencies requires rapid and accurate assessment of workforce availability under adverse and changing circumstances. However, public health information systems to support resource management during both routine and emergency operations are currently lacking. We applied scenario-based design as an approach to engage public health practitioners in the creation and validation of an information design to support routine and emergency public health activities.\\nMETHODS: Using semi-structured interviews we identified the information needs and activities of senior public health managers of a large municipal health department during routine and emergency operations.\\nRESULTS: Interview analysis identified 25 information needs for public health operations management. The identified information needs were used in conjunction with scenario-based design to create 25 scenarios of use and a public health manager persona. Scenarios of use and persona were validated and modified based on follow-up surveys with study participants. Scenarios were used to test and gain feedback on a pilot information system.\\nCONCLUSION: The method of scenario-based design was applied to represent the resource management needs of senior-level public health managers under routine and disaster settings. Scenario-based design can be a useful tool for engaging public health practitioners in the design process and to validate an information system design.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Biomedical Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Turner, Anne M.},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21807120},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3226920},\\n\\tkeywords = {Communication, Disaster Planning, Emergencies, Health Services Administration, Humans, Information Dissemination, Information Systems, Interviews as Topic, Public Health Administration, Research Design},\\n\\tpages = {978--988},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Reeder, B.\",\"Turner, A. M.\"],\"key\":\"reeder_scenario-based_2011\",\"id\":\"reeder_scenario-based_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"reeder-turner-scenariobaseddesignamethodforconnectinginformationsystemdesignwithpublichealthoperationsandemergencymanagement-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Communication\",\"Disaster Planning\",\"Emergencies\",\"Health Services Administration\",\"Humans\",\"Information Dissemination\",\"Information Systems\",\"Interviews as Topic\",\"Public Health Administration\",\"Research Design\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"address\":\"Washington DC\",\"title\":\"A framework for novel population health decision support technology for the bidirectional transmission of clinician case reporting\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Friedlin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gamache\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grannis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"S\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{revere_framework_2011,\\n\\taddress = {Washington DC},\\n\\ttitle = {A framework for novel population health decision support technology for the bidirectional transmission of clinician case reporting},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Friedlin, J and Gamache, R and Grannis, S},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Friedlin, J\",\"Gamache, R\",\"Grannis, S\"],\"key\":\"revere_framework_2011\",\"id\":\"revere_framework_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-friedlin-gamache-grannis-aframeworkfornovelpopulationhealthdecisionsupporttechnologyforthebidirectionaltransmissionofcliniciancasereporting-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Public health emergency preparedness and response communications with health care providers: a literature review\",\"volume\":\"11\",\"issn\":\"1471-2458\",\"shorttitle\":\"Public health emergency preparedness and response communications with health care providers\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/1471-2458-11-337\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: Health care providers (HCPs) play an important role in public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) so need to be aware of public health threats and emergencies. To inform HCPs, public health issues PHEPR messages that provide guidelines and updates, and facilitate surveillance so HCPs will recognize and control communicable diseases, prevent excess deaths and mitigate suffering. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. We conducted a literature review to investigate the systems and tools used by public health to generate PHEPR communications to HCPs, and to identify specific characteristics of message delivery mechanisms and formats that may be associated with effective PHEPR communications. METHODS: A systematic review of peer- and non-peer-reviewed literature focused on the following questions: 1) What public health systems exist for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs? 2) Have these systems been evaluated and, if yes, what criteria were used to evaluate these systems? 3) What have these evaluations discovered about characterizations of the most effective ways for public health agencies to communicate PHEPR messages to HCPs? RESULTS: We identified 25 systems or tools for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs. Few articles assessed PHEPR communication systems or messaging methods or outcomes. Only one study compared the effectiveness of the delivery format, device or message itself. We also discovered that the potential is high for HCPs to experience \\\"message overload\\\" given redundancy of PHEPR messaging in multiple formats and/or through different delivery systems. CONCLUSIONS: We found that detailed descriptions of PHEPR messaging from public health to HCPs are scarce in the literature and, even when available are rarely evaluated in any systematic fashion. To meet present-day and future information needs for emergency preparedness, more attention needs to be given to evaluating the effectiveness of these systems in a scientifically rigorous manner.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"BMC public health\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nelson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kailey\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thiede\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hanne\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Duchin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeffrey\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stergachis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baseman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21592390\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3121631\",\"keywords\":\"Civil Defense, Communicable Diseases, Disaster Planning, Health Personnel, Humans, Persuasive Communication, Public Health\",\"pages\":\"337\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{revere_public_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Public health emergency preparedness and response communications with health care providers: a literature review},\\n\\tvolume = {11},\\n\\tissn = {1471-2458},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Public health emergency preparedness and response communications with health care providers},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1186/1471-2458-11-337},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care providers (HCPs) play an important role in public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) so need to be aware of public health threats and emergencies. To inform HCPs, public health issues PHEPR messages that provide guidelines and updates, and facilitate surveillance so HCPs will recognize and control communicable diseases, prevent excess deaths and mitigate suffering. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. We conducted a literature review to investigate the systems and tools used by public health to generate PHEPR communications to HCPs, and to identify specific characteristics of message delivery mechanisms and formats that may be associated with effective PHEPR communications.\\nMETHODS: A systematic review of peer- and non-peer-reviewed literature focused on the following questions: 1) What public health systems exist for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs? 2) Have these systems been evaluated and, if yes, what criteria were used to evaluate these systems? 3) What have these evaluations discovered about characterizations of the most effective ways for public health agencies to communicate PHEPR messages to HCPs?\\nRESULTS: We identified 25 systems or tools for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs. Few articles assessed PHEPR communication systems or messaging methods or outcomes. Only one study compared the effectiveness of the delivery format, device or message itself. We also discovered that the potential is high for HCPs to experience \\\"message overload\\\" given redundancy of PHEPR messaging in multiple formats and/or through different delivery systems.\\nCONCLUSIONS: We found that detailed descriptions of PHEPR messaging from public health to HCPs are scarce in the literature and, even when available are rarely evaluated in any systematic fashion. To meet present-day and future information needs for emergency preparedness, more attention needs to be given to evaluating the effectiveness of these systems in a scientifically rigorous manner.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {BMC public health},\\n\\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Nelson, Kailey and Thiede, Hanne and Duchin, Jeffrey and Stergachis, Andy and Baseman, Janet},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21592390},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3121631},\\n\\tkeywords = {Civil Defense, Communicable Diseases, Disaster Planning, Health Personnel, Humans, Persuasive Communication, Public Health},\\n\\tpages = {337},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Revere, D.\",\"Nelson, K.\",\"Thiede, H.\",\"Duchin, J.\",\"Stergachis, A.\",\"Baseman, J.\"],\"key\":\"revere_public_2011\",\"id\":\"revere_public_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"revere-nelson-thiede-duchin-stergachis-baseman-publichealthemergencypreparednessandresponsecommunicationswithhealthcareprovidersaliteraturereview-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Civil Defense\",\"Communicable Diseases\",\"Disaster Planning\",\"Health Personnel\",\"Humans\",\"Persuasive Communication\",\"Public Health\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system: a pilot qualitative evaluation study\",\"volume\":\"4\",\"issn\":\"1756-0500\",\"shorttitle\":\"Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/1756-0500-4-187\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot utility evaluation and information needs assessment of the Distribute Project at the 2010 Washington State Public Health Association (WSPHA) Joint Conference. Distribute is a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system and network for detection of influenza-like illness (ILI). Using qualitative methods, we assessed the perceived usefulness of the Distribute system and explored areas for improvement. Nine state and local public health professionals participated in a focus group (n = 6) and in semi-structured interviews (n = 3). Field notes were taken, summarized and analyzed. FINDINGS: Several emergent themes that contribute to the perceived usefulness of system data and the Distribute system were identified: 1) Standardization: a common ILI syndrome definition; 2) Regional Comparability: views that support county-by-county comparisons of syndromic surveillance data; 3) Completeness: complete data for all expected data at a given time; 4) Coverage: data coverage of all jurisdictions in WA state; 5) CONTEXT: metadata incorporated into the views to provide context for graphed data; 6) Trusted Data: verification that information is valid and timely; and 7) Customization: the ability to customize views as necessary. As a result of the focus group, a new county level health jurisdiction expressed interest in contributing data to the Distribute system. CONCLUSION: The resulting themes from this study can be used to guide future information design efforts for the Distribute system and other syndromic surveillance systems. In addition, this study demonstrates the benefits of conducting a low cost, qualitative evaluation at a professional conference.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"BMC research notes\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reeder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Blaine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Revere\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Debra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Olson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lober\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21672242\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3146436\",\"pages\":\"187\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{reeder_perceived_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system: a pilot qualitative evaluation study},\\n\\tvolume = {4},\\n\\tissn = {1756-0500},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1186/1756-0500-4-187},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot utility evaluation and information needs assessment of the Distribute Project at the 2010 Washington State Public Health Association (WSPHA) Joint Conference. Distribute is a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system and network for detection of influenza-like illness (ILI). Using qualitative methods, we assessed the perceived usefulness of the Distribute system and explored areas for improvement. Nine state and local public health professionals participated in a focus group (n = 6) and in semi-structured interviews (n = 3). Field notes were taken, summarized and analyzed.\\nFINDINGS: Several emergent themes that contribute to the perceived usefulness of system data and the Distribute system were identified: 1) Standardization: a common ILI syndrome definition; 2) Regional Comparability: views that support county-by-county comparisons of syndromic surveillance data; 3) Completeness: complete data for all expected data at a given time; 4) Coverage: data coverage of all jurisdictions in WA state; 5) CONTEXT: metadata incorporated into the views to provide context for graphed data; 6) Trusted Data: verification that information is valid and timely; and 7) Customization: the ability to customize views as necessary. As a result of the focus group, a new county level health jurisdiction expressed interest in contributing data to the Distribute system.\\nCONCLUSION: The resulting themes from this study can be used to guide future information design efforts for the Distribute system and other syndromic surveillance systems. In addition, this study demonstrates the benefits of conducting a low cost, qualitative evaluation at a professional conference.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {BMC research notes},\\n\\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Olson, Donald R. and Lober, William B.},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21672242},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3146436},\\n\\tpages = {187},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Reeder, B.\",\"Revere, D.\",\"Olson, D. R.\",\"Lober, W. B.\"],\"key\":\"reeder_perceived_2011\",\"id\":\"reeder_perceived_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"reeder-revere-olson-lober-perceivedusefulnessofadistributedcommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemapilotqualitativeevaluationstudy-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"lober, w\":\"https://www.cirg.washington.edu/pubs/clinical-info-publications.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Assessing vaccine safety communication with healthcare providers in a large urban county\",\"volume\":\"21\",\"issn\":\"1099-1557\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/pds.2245\",\"abstract\":\"PURPOSE: Vaccination is the primary public health tool for influenza control. Rapid assessment of the safety of any widely disseminated pandemic influenza vaccine is a public health priority. This study identifies practices, strengths, and weaknesses of vaccine-associated adverse event (AE) reporting to inform public health systems improvement. METHODS: A survey was developed with local and state health agencies' input. After pre-testing, the survey was distributed online and via mail to a random sample of King County, WA, healthcare professionals, composed of 60 commercial vaccinator employees and school health nurses, 500 physicians, and 300 pharmacists. RESULTS: The response rate was 36%. Results indicate that if an AE was suspected, 17% of respondents would not know how to report it, with 61% of respondents citing unclear definitions of a reportable AE as a barrier and 18% of respondents unaware of whose responsibility it is to report an AE. CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals who provide immunizations need additional information on their role in vaccine safety and AE reporting. Strengthening both passive and active reporting systems can enhance surveillance efforts during real-time events, such as mass immunization during a pandemic and other large-scale emergency countermeasure distribution programs.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"3\",\"journal\":\"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Meranus\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dana\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stergachis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Arnold\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jenny\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Duchin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeffrey\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"pmid\":\"21956894\",\"keywords\":\"Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Communication Barriers, Drug Hypersensitivity, Health Personnel, Humans, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population, Vaccines, Washington\",\"pages\":\"269–275\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{meranus_assessing_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {Assessing vaccine safety communication with healthcare providers in a large urban county},\\n\\tvolume = {21},\\n\\tissn = {1099-1557},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1002/pds.2245},\\n\\tabstract = {PURPOSE: Vaccination is the primary public health tool for influenza control. Rapid assessment of the safety of any widely disseminated pandemic influenza vaccine is a public health priority. This study identifies practices, strengths, and weaknesses of vaccine-associated adverse event (AE) reporting to inform public health systems improvement.\\nMETHODS: A survey was developed with local and state health agencies' input. After pre-testing, the survey was distributed online and via mail to a random sample of King County, WA, healthcare professionals, composed of 60 commercial vaccinator employees and school health nurses, 500 physicians, and 300 pharmacists.\\nRESULTS: The response rate was 36\\\\%. Results indicate that if an AE was suspected, 17\\\\% of respondents would not know how to report it, with 61\\\\% of respondents citing unclear definitions of a reportable AE as a barrier and 18\\\\% of respondents unaware of whose responsibility it is to report an AE.\\nCONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals who provide immunizations need additional information on their role in vaccine safety and AE reporting. Strengthening both passive and active reporting systems can enhance surveillance efforts during real-time events, such as mass immunization during a pandemic and other large-scale emergency countermeasure distribution programs.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\tjournal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},\\n\\tauthor = {Meranus, Dana and Stergachis, Andy and Arnold, Jenny and Duchin, Jeffrey},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tpmid = {21956894},\\n\\tkeywords = {Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Communication Barriers, Drug Hypersensitivity, Health Personnel, Humans, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population, Vaccines, Washington},\\n\\tpages = {269--275},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Meranus, D.\",\"Stergachis, A.\",\"Arnold, J.\",\"Duchin, J.\"],\"key\":\"meranus_assessing_2012\",\"id\":\"meranus_assessing_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"meranus-stergachis-arnold-duchin-assessingvaccinesafetycommunicationwithhealthcareprovidersinalargeurbancounty-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems\",\"Communication Barriers\",\"Drug Hypersensitivity\",\"Health Personnel\",\"Humans\",\"Pilot Projects\",\"Surveys and Questionnaires\",\"Urban Population\",\"Vaccines\",\"Washington\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Patterns of anti-malarial drug treatment among pregnant women in Uganda\",\"volume\":\"10\",\"issn\":\"1475-2875\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/1475-2875-10-152\",\"abstract\":\"BACKGROUND: Prompt use of an effective anti-malarial drug is essential for controlling malaria and its adverse effects in pregnancy. The World Health Organization recommends an artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The study objective was to determine the degree to which presumed episodes of uncomplicated symptomatic malaria in pregnancy were treated with a recommended anti-malarial regimen in a region of Uganda. METHODS: Utilizing a population-based random sample, we interviewed women living in Jinja, Uganda who had been pregnant in the past year. RESULTS: Self-reported malaria during the index pregnancy was reported among 67% (n = 334) of the 500 participants. Among the 637 self-reported episodes of malaria, an anti-malarial drug was used for treatment in 85% of the episodes. Use of a currently recommended treatment in the first trimester was uncommon (5.6%). A contraindicated anti-malarial drug (sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and/or artemether-lumefantrine) was involved in 70% of first trimester episodes. Recommended anti-malarials were used according to the guidelines in only 30.1% of all second and third trimester episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported malaria was extremely common in this population and adherence to treatment guidelines for the management of malaria in pregnancy was poor. Use of artemether-lumefantrine combined with non-recommended anti-malarials was common practice. Overuse of anti-malarial drugs, especially ones that are no longer recommended, undermines malaria control efforts by fueling the spread of drug resistance and delaying appropriate treatment of non-malarial febrile illnesses. Improved diagnostic capacity is essential to ultimately improving the management of malaria-like symptoms during pregnancy and appropriate use of currently available anti-malarials.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"journal\":\"Malaria Journal\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sangaré\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Laura\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Weiss\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Noel\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brentlinger\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paula\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Richardson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Barbra\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Staedke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kiwuwa\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mpungu\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stergachis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"21645402\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3118160\",\"keywords\":\"Adolescent, Adult, Antimalarials, Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination, Artemisinins, Drug Combinations, Ethanolamines, Female, Fluorenes, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Malaria, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Uganda, Young Adult\",\"pages\":\"152\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{sangare_patterns_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Patterns of anti-malarial drug treatment among pregnant women in {Uganda}},\\n\\tvolume = {10},\\n\\tissn = {1475-2875},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1186/1475-2875-10-152},\\n\\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Prompt use of an effective anti-malarial drug is essential for controlling malaria and its adverse effects in pregnancy. The World Health Organization recommends an artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The study objective was to determine the degree to which presumed episodes of uncomplicated symptomatic malaria in pregnancy were treated with a recommended anti-malarial regimen in a region of Uganda.\\nMETHODS: Utilizing a population-based random sample, we interviewed women living in Jinja, Uganda who had been pregnant in the past year.\\nRESULTS: Self-reported malaria during the index pregnancy was reported among 67\\\\% (n = 334) of the 500 participants. Among the 637 self-reported episodes of malaria, an anti-malarial drug was used for treatment in 85\\\\% of the episodes. Use of a currently recommended treatment in the first trimester was uncommon (5.6\\\\%). A contraindicated anti-malarial drug (sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and/or artemether-lumefantrine) was involved in 70\\\\% of first trimester episodes. Recommended anti-malarials were used according to the guidelines in only 30.1\\\\% of all second and third trimester episodes.\\nCONCLUSIONS: Self-reported malaria was extremely common in this population and adherence to treatment guidelines for the management of malaria in pregnancy was poor. Use of artemether-lumefantrine combined with non-recommended anti-malarials was common practice. Overuse of anti-malarial drugs, especially ones that are no longer recommended, undermines malaria control efforts by fueling the spread of drug resistance and delaying appropriate treatment of non-malarial febrile illnesses. Improved diagnostic capacity is essential to ultimately improving the management of malaria-like symptoms during pregnancy and appropriate use of currently available anti-malarials.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tjournal = {Malaria Journal},\\n\\tauthor = {Sangaré, Laura R. and Weiss, Noel S. and Brentlinger, Paula E. and Richardson, Barbra A. and Staedke, Sarah G. and Kiwuwa, Mpungu S. and Stergachis, Andy},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {21645402},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3118160},\\n\\tkeywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Antimalarials, Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination, Artemisinins, Drug Combinations, Ethanolamines, Female, Fluorenes, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Malaria, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Uganda, Young Adult},\\n\\tpages = {152},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Sangaré, L. R.\",\"Weiss, N. S.\",\"Brentlinger, P. E.\",\"Richardson, B. A.\",\"Staedke, S. G.\",\"Kiwuwa, M. S.\",\"Stergachis, A.\"],\"key\":\"sangare_patterns_2011\",\"id\":\"sangare_patterns_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"sangar-weiss-brentlinger-richardson-staedke-kiwuwa-stergachis-patternsofantimalarialdrugtreatmentamongpregnantwomeninuganda-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Adolescent\",\"Adult\",\"Antimalarials\",\"Artemether\",\"Lumefantrine Drug Combination\",\"Artemisinins\",\"Drug Combinations\",\"Ethanolamines\",\"Female\",\"Fluorenes\",\"Guideline Adherence\",\"Humans\",\"Interviews as Topic\",\"Malaria\",\"Middle Aged\",\"Pregnancy\",\"Pregnancy Complications\",\"Infectious\",\"Uganda\",\"Young Adult\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Patient-Held Maternal and/or Child Health Records: Meeting the Information Needs of Patients and Healthcare Providers in Developing Countries?\",\"volume\":\"3\",\"issn\":\"1947-2579\",\"shorttitle\":\"Patient-Held Maternal and/or Child Health Records\",\"doi\":\"10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3631\",\"abstract\":\"Though improvements in infant and maternal mortality rates have occurred over time, women and children still die every hour from preventable causes. Various regional, social and economic factors are involved in the ability of women and children to receive adequate care and prevention services. Patient-held maternal and/or child health records have been used for a number of years in many countries to help track health risks, vaccinations and other preventative health measures performed. Though these records are primarily designed to record patient histories and healthcare information and guide healthcare workers providing care, because the records are patient-held, they also allow families a greater ability to track their own health and prevention strategies. A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS PERFORMED TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS: (1) What are maternal information needs regarding pregnancy, post-natal and infant healthcare, especially in developing countries? (2) What is known about maternal information seeking behavior in developing countries? (3) What is the history and current state of maternal and/or child patient-held healthcare records, do they provide for the information needs of the healthcare provider and what are the effects and outcomes of patient-held records in general and for maternal and/or child health in particular? Specific information needs of pregnant women and mothers are rarely studied. The small numbers of maternal information behavior results available indicate that mothers, in general, prefer to receive health information directly from their healthcare provider as opposed to from other sources (written, etc.) Overall, in developing countries, patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records have a mostly positive effect for both patient and care provider. Mothers and children with records tend to have better outcomes in healthcare and preventative measures. Further research into the information behaviors of pregnant women and mothers to determine the extent of reliance on interpersonal information seeking is recommended before expending significant resources on enhanced patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records including storage on mobile devices. In particular, research is needed to explore the utility of providing targeted health messages to mothers regarding their own health and that of their children; this might best be accomplished through mobile technologies.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Turner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kathleen\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fuller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sherrilynne\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2011\",\"pmid\":\"23569604\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC3615781\",\"keywords\":\"Child Health Services, Developing Countries, Information Seeking Behavior, Maternal Health Services, Medical Records\",\"pages\":\"ojphi.v3i2.3631\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{turner_patient-held_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Patient-{Held} {Maternal} and/or {Child} {Health} {Records}: {Meeting} the {Information} {Needs} of {Patients} and {Healthcare} {Providers} in {Developing} {Countries}?},\\n\\tvolume = {3},\\n\\tissn = {1947-2579},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Patient-{Held} {Maternal} and/or {Child} {Health} {Records}},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3631},\\n\\tabstract = {Though improvements in infant and maternal mortality rates have occurred over time, women and children still die every hour from preventable causes. Various regional, social and economic factors are involved in the ability of women and children to receive adequate care and prevention services. Patient-held maternal and/or child health records have been used for a number of years in many countries to help track health risks, vaccinations and other preventative health measures performed. Though these records are primarily designed to record patient histories and healthcare information and guide healthcare workers providing care, because the records are patient-held, they also allow families a greater ability to track their own health and prevention strategies. A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS PERFORMED TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS: (1) What are maternal information needs regarding pregnancy, post-natal and infant healthcare, especially in developing countries? (2) What is known about maternal information seeking behavior in developing countries? (3) What is the history and current state of maternal and/or child patient-held healthcare records, do they provide for the information needs of the healthcare provider and what are the effects and outcomes of patient-held records in general and for maternal and/or child health in particular? Specific information needs of pregnant women and mothers are rarely studied. The small numbers of maternal information behavior results available indicate that mothers, in general, prefer to receive health information directly from their healthcare provider as opposed to from other sources (written, etc.) Overall, in developing countries, patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records have a mostly positive effect for both patient and care provider. Mothers and children with records tend to have better outcomes in healthcare and preventative measures. Further research into the information behaviors of pregnant women and mothers to determine the extent of reliance on interpersonal information seeking is recommended before expending significant resources on enhanced patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records including storage on mobile devices. In particular, research is needed to explore the utility of providing targeted health messages to mothers regarding their own health and that of their children; this might best be accomplished through mobile technologies.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\\n\\tauthor = {Turner, Kathleen E. and Fuller, Sherrilynne},\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpmid = {23569604},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC3615781},\\n\\tkeywords = {Child Health Services, Developing Countries, Information Seeking Behavior, Maternal Health Services, Medical Records},\\n\\tpages = {ojphi.v3i2.3631},\\n}\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Turner, K. E.\",\"Fuller, S.\"],\"key\":\"turner_patient-held_2011\",\"id\":\"turner_patient-held_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"turner-fuller-patientheldmaternalandorchildhealthrecordsmeetingtheinformationneedsofpatientsandhealthcareprovidersindevelopingcountries-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Child Health Services\",\"Developing Countries\",\"Information Seeking Behavior\",\"Maternal Health Services\",\"Medical Records\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"authorlinks\":{}},\n      ownerID: undefined\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing and then restoring');\n    site$ = $;\n    $ = null;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  if (site$) {\n    console.log('existing jquery: avoiding conflict and restoring');\n    bb$ = $.noConflict(true);\n    $ = site$;\n  } else {\n    bb$ = $;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"//bibbase.org/js/bibbase.min.js\"\n          type=\"text/javascript\">\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\"\n          src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/x-mathjax-config\">\n    MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\\\(','\\\\)']]},\n                        skipTags: [\"body\"],\n                        processClass: \"bibbase_paper\"});\n  </script>\n\n  <style>\n  @media print {\n    .dontprint {\n        display: none !important;\n    }\n\n  .bibbase_group {\n    background-color: #E0E0E0;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: larger;\n    text-shadow: 0px 0px 3px #FFFFFF;\n    border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -webkit-border-radius: 4px;\n    padding: 5px 40px 5px;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n  }\n\n  .bibbase_paper {\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n  }\n\n  }\n  </style>\n\n  \n  <div style=\"float: right; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: right; font-size: 12px\">\n    generated by\n    <a href=\"//bibbase.org\"\n       onclick=\"trackOutboundLink('bibbase', 'logo clicked', window.location.href, '//bibbase.org'); return false;\">\n      <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/logo.svg\"\n           style=\"vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 3px; height: 16px;\"/\n           alt=\"bibbase.org\"\n           title=\"BibBase – The easiest way to maintain your publications page.\"\n        ></a>\n    \n  </div>\n  \n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_header\" class=\"dontprint\" style=\"\">\n\n    <ul class=\"nav nav-pills\" style=\"margin: 0px;\">\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"groupby_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\">\n          Group by\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li class=\"groupby year\"><a onclick=\"groupby('year')\">\n            Year</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby author\"><a onclick=\"groupby('author_short')\">\n            Author</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby type\"><a onclick=\"groupby('type')\">\n            Type</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby keyword\"><a onclick=\"groupby('keyword')\">\n            Keyword</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby downloads\"><a onclick=\"groupby('downloads')\">\n            Downloads</a>\n        </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"menu_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\" alt=\"controls\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-reorder\" alt=\"controls\"></i>\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li>\n          <a onclick=\"toggleAll()\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-chevron-down fa-fw\"></i> Expand/Collapse All\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a download=\"items\" href=\"data:text/bibtex;base64,@article{segal_trading_2022,
	title = {Trading off privacy and utility: {The} {Washington} {State} experience assessing the performance of a public health digital exposure notification system for {COVID}-19 [{Accepted} for {Publication}]},
	journal = {JAMIA},
	author = {Segal, C and Lober, W. B. and Lorigan, D and Karras, B. T. and Revere, D. and Baseman, J. G.},
	year = {2022},
}



@article{patrick_w_ocarroll_informatics_2002,
	title = {Informatics {Competencies} for {Public} {Health} {Professionals}},
	journal = {Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine},
	author = {{Patrick W. O’Carroll}},
	month = aug,
	year = {2002},
}



@article{karras_competencies_2009,
	title = {Competencies for {Public} {Health} {Informaticians} 2009},
	journal = {U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Workforce and Career Development and University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine's Center for Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Karras, Bryant and Richards, Janise and Oberle, Mark and Hanrahan, Larry and Roderer, Nancy and Sondik, Edward and Davies, Jac and Koo, Denise and Foldy, Seth and Detmer, Don and Corn, Milton and Miner, Kathleen and O’Carroll, Patrick and Lynch, Cecil and LaVenture, Marty and Hare, Ginny and Savel, Thomas and Ross, Dave},
	year = {2009},
}



@article{revere_review_2001,
	title = {Review of computer-generated outpatient health behavior interventions: clinical encounters "in absentia"},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1067-5027},
	shorttitle = {Review of computer-generated outpatient health behavior interventions},
	doi = {10.1136/jamia.2001.0080062},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence of the effectiveness of computer-generated health behavior interventions-clinical encounters "in absentia"-as extensions of face-to-face patient care in an ambulatory setting.
DATA SOURCES: Systematic electronic database and manual searches of multiple sources (1996-1999) plus search for gray literature were conducted to identify clinical trials using computer-generated health behavior interventions to motivate individuals to adopt treatment regimens, focusing on patient-interactive interventions and use of health behavior models.
STUDY SELECTION: Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled studies with some evidence of instrument reliability and validity; use of at least one patient-interactive targeted or tailored feedback, reminder, or educational intervention intended to influence or improve a stated health behavior; and an association between one intervention variable and a health behavior.
DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were described by delivery device (print, automated telephone, computer, and mobile communication) and intervention type (personalized, targeted, and tailored). We employed qualitative methods to analyze the retrieval set and explore the issue of patient interactive computer-generated behavioral intervention systems.
DATA SYNTHESIS: Studies varied widely in methodology, quality, subject number, and characteristics, measurement of effects and health behavior focus. Of 37 eligible trials, 34 (91.9 percent) reported either statistically significant or improved outcomes. Fourteen studies used targeted interventions; 23 used tailored. Of the 14 targeted intervention studies, 13 (92.9 percent) reported improved outcomes. Of the 23 tailored intervention studies, 21 (91.3 percent) reported improved outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: The literature indicates that computer-generated health behavior interventions are effective. While there is evidence that tailored interventions can more positively affect health behavior change than can targeted, personalized or generic interventions, there is little research comparing different tailoring protocols with one another. Only those studies using print and telephone devices reported a theoretic basis for their methodology. Future studies need to identify which models are best suited to which health behavior, whether certain delivery devices are more appropriate for different health behaviors, and how ambulatory care can benefit from patients' use of portable devices.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},
	author = {Revere, D. and Dunbar, P. J.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11141513},
	pmcid = {PMC134592},
	keywords = {Ambulatory Care, Communication, Computer Systems, Exercise, Health Behavior, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Models, Psychological, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Patient Education as Topic, Preventive Health Services, Reminder Systems, Smoking Cessation, Telephone},
	pages = {62--79},
}



@article{pett_prescription_2020,
	title = {Prescription drug monitoring program use and utility by {Washington} {State} pharmacists: {A} mixed-methods study},
	volume = {60},
	issn = {1544-3450},
	shorttitle = {Prescription drug monitoring program use and utility by {Washington} {State} pharmacists},
	doi = {10.1016/j.japh.2019.09.016},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To explore factors and situations that influence pharmacists to use the prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) and to characterize actions taken by pharmacists after alarming scenarios from a PDMP query.
DESIGN: Explanatory sequential 2-phase mixed-methods design: (1) cross-sectional Web-based survey of Washington State pharmacists followed by (2) interviews with purposefully selected respondents to explore statistically significant quantitative findings.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in Washington State from September 2018 to February 2019. A total of 967 Washington State pharmacists from various practice settings, including inpatient and outpatient pharmacies, participated. Ten outpatient pharmacists were interviewed in the second phase.
OUTCOME MEASURES: The pharmacists reported the frequency of PDMP use, opinion on the usefulness of PDMP, and action(s) taken after a concerning PDMP report.
RESULTS: The usable response rate for pharmacists with a PDMP account was 17.6\% (818/4659), and usable response rate for all pharmacists was 10.4\% (967/9263). PDMP use varied by race, practice setting, and employer policy on PDMP use. Among the 818 PDMP users, 396 (48\%) used the database at least once during a shift. Frequent PDMP users were more likely to recommend naloxone compared with less frequent users (adjusted odds ratio 1.70 [95\% CI 1.09-2.65], P = 0.02). The following 3 interview themes were identified: time, company policy, and red flags.
CONCLUSION: PDMP has value to pharmacists of all practice settings studied. Frequent PDMP use may facilitate more pharmacist interventions, such as a naloxone prescription.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA},
	author = {Pett, Ryan G. and Mancl, Lloyd and Revere, Debra and Stergachis, Andy},
	month = feb,
	year = {2020},
	pmid = {31753615},
	keywords = {Adult, Controlled Substances, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmacists, Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs, Washington, Young Adult},
	pages = {57--65},
}



@article{baseman_mobile_2017,
	title = {A {Mobile} {Breast} {Cancer} {Survivorship} {Care} {App}: {Pilot} {Study}},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {2369-1999},
	shorttitle = {A {Mobile} {Breast} {Cancer} {Survivorship} {Care} {App}},
	doi = {10.2196/cancer.8192},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cancer survivors living in rural areas experience unique challenges due to additional burdens, such as travel and limited access to specialists. Rural survivors of breast cancer have reported poorer outcomes, poorer mental health and physical functioning, and lower-than-average quality of life compared to urban survivors.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and acceptability of developing a mobile health survivorship care app to facilitate care coordination; support medical, psychosocial, and practical needs; and improve survivors' long-term health outcomes.
METHODS: An interactive prototype app, SmartSurvivor, was developed that included recommended survivorship care plan components. The prototype's feasibility and acceptability were tested by a sample of breast cancer survivors (n=6), primary care providers (n=4), and an oncologist (n=1).
RESULTS: Overall, both survivors and providers felt that SmartSurvivor was a potentially valuable tool to support long-term survivorship care plan objectives. Portability, accessibility, and having one place for all contact, treatment, symptom tracking, and medication summaries was highly valued.
CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study indicates that SmartSurvivor is a feasible and acceptable approach to meeting survivorship care objectives and the needs of both breast cancer survivors and their health care providers. Exploration of mobile health options for supporting survivorship care plan needs is a promising area of research.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {JMIR cancer},
	author = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra and Baldwin, Laura-Mae},
	month = sep,
	year = {2017},
	pmid = {28951383},
	pmcid = {PMC5635232},
	keywords = {breast neoplasms, data collection, feasibility studies, mobile apps, survivors, telemedicine},
	pages = {e14},
}



@article{kloehn_improving_2018,
	title = {Improving {Consumer} {Understanding} of {Medical} {Text}: {Development} and {Validation} of a {New} {SubSimplify} {Algorithm} to {Automatically} {Generate} {Term} {Explanations} in {English} and {Spanish}},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1438-8871},
	shorttitle = {Improving {Consumer} {Understanding} of {Medical} {Text}},
	doi = {10.2196/10779},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: While health literacy is important for people to maintain good health and manage diseases, medical educational texts are often written beyond the reading level of the average individual. To mitigate this disconnect, text simplification research provides methods to increase readability and, therefore, comprehension. One method of text simplification is to isolate particularly difficult terms within a document and replace them with easier synonyms (lexical simplification) or an explanation in plain language (semantic simplification). Unfortunately, existing dictionaries are seldom complete, and consequently, resources for many difficult terms are unavailable. This is the case for English and Spanish resources.
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to automatically generate explanations for difficult terms in both English and Spanish when they are not covered by existing resources. The system we present combines existing resources for explanation generation using a novel algorithm (SubSimplify) to create additional explanations.
METHODS: SubSimplify uses word-level parsing techniques and specialized medical affix dictionaries to identify the morphological units of a term and then source their definitions. While the underlying resources are different, SubSimplify applies the same principles in both languages. To evaluate our approach, we used term familiarity to identify difficult terms in English and Spanish and then generated explanations for them. For each language, we extracted 400 difficult terms from two different article types (General and Medical topics) balanced for frequency. For English terms, we compared SubSimplify's explanation with the explanations from the Consumer Health Vocabulary, WordNet Synonyms and Summaries, as well as Word Embedding Vector (WEV) synonyms. For Spanish terms, we compared the explanation to WordNet Summaries and WEV Embedding synonyms. We evaluated quality, coverage, and usefulness for the simplification provided for each term. Quality is the average score from two subject experts on a 1-4 Likert scale (two per language) for the synonyms or explanations provided by the source. Coverage is the number of terms for which a source could provide an explanation. Usefulness is the same expert score, however, with a 0 assigned when no explanations or synonyms were available for a term.
RESULTS: SubSimplify resulted in quality scores of 1.64 for English (P{\textless}.001) and 1.49 for Spanish (P{\textless}.001), which were lower than those of existing resources (Consumer Health Vocabulary [CHV]=2.81). However, in coverage, SubSimplify outperforms all existing written resources, increasing the coverage from 53.0\% to 80.5\% in English and from 20.8\% to 90.8\% in Spanish (P{\textless}.001). This result means that the usefulness score of SubSimplify (1.32; P{\textless}.001) is greater than that of most existing resources (eg, CHV=0.169).
CONCLUSIONS: Our approach is intended as an additional resource to existing, manually created resources. It greatly increases the number of difficult terms for which an easier alternative can be made available, resulting in greater actual usefulness.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},
	author = {Kloehn, Nicholas and Leroy, Gondy and Kauchak, David and Gu, Yang and Colina, Sonia and Yuan, Nicole P. and Revere, Debra},
	month = aug,
	year = {2018},
	pmid = {30072361},
	pmcid = {PMC6096166},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Comprehension, Health Literacy, Humans, Language, Semantics, Validation Studies as Topic, health literacy, natural language processing, terminology, text simplification},
	pages = {e10779},
}



@article{revere_interactive_2006,
	title = {An interactive digital knowledge management system to improve public health practitioners' access to public health resources},
	issn = {1942-597X},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Revere, Debra and Fuller, Sherrilynne and Bugni, Paul F.},
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {17238693},
	pmcid = {PMC1839488},
	keywords = {Access to Information, Information Management, Information Systems, Public Health Informatics},
	pages = {1074},
}



@article{revere_notifiable_2017,
	title = {Notifiable condition reporting practices: implications for public health agency participation in a health information exchange},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1471-2458},
	shorttitle = {Notifiable condition reporting practices},
	doi = {10.1186/s12889-017-4156-4},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The future of notifiable condition reporting in the United States is undergoing a transformation with the increasing development of Health Information Exchanges which support electronic data-sharing and -transfer networks and the wider adoption of electronic laboratory reporting. Communicable disease report forms originating in clinics are an important source of surveillance data for public health agencies. However, problems of poor data quality and delayed submission of reports to public health agencies are common. In addition, studies of barriers and facilitators to reporting have assumed that the primary reporter is the treating physician, although the extent to which a provider is involved in the reporting workflow is unclear. We sought to better understand the barriers to and burden of notifiable condition reporting from the perspectives of the three primary groups involved in reporting workflow: providers, clinic staff who bear the principal responsibility for reporting, and the public health workers who receive and process reports from clinics. In addition, we sought to situate these findings within the context of the future of notifiable disease reporting and the potential impacts of electronic lab and medical records on the surveillance system.
METHODS: Seven ambulatory care clinics and 3 public health agencies that are part of a Health Information Exchange in the state of Indiana, USA, participated in the study. Data were obtained from a survey of clinic physicians (N = 29), interviews with clinic reporters (N = 11), and interviews with public health workers (N = 9). Survey data were summarized descriptively and interview transcripts underwent qualitative analysis.
RESULTS: In both clinics and public health agencies, the laboratory report initiates reporting workflow. Provider involvement with reporting primarily revolves around ordering medications to treat a condition confirmed by the lab result. In clinics, reporting is typically the responsibility of clinic reporters who vary in frequency of reporting. We found an association between frequency of reporting, reporting knowledge and perceptions of reporting burden. In both clinics and public health agencies, interruptions and delays in reporting workflow are encountered due to inaccurate or missing information and impact reporting timeliness, data quality and report completeness. Both providers and clinic reporters lack clarity regarding how data submitted by their reports are used by public health agencies. It is possible that the value of reporting may be diminished when those responsible do not perceive receiving benefit in return. This may account for the low awareness of or recollection of public health communications with clinics that we observed. Despite the high likelihood that public health advisories and guidance are based, in part, on data submitted by clinics, a direct concordance may not be recognized.
CONCLUSIONS: Unlike most studies of notifiable condition reporting, this study included the clinic reporters who bear primary responsibility for completing and submitting reports to public health agencies. A primary barrier to this reporting is timely and easy access to data. It is possible that expanded adoption of electronic health record and laboratory reporting systems will improve access to this data and reduce reporting the burden. However, a complete reliance on automatic electronic extraction of data requires caution and necessitates continued interfacing with clinic reporters for the foreseeable future-particularly for notifiable conditions that are high-impact, uncommon, prone to false positive readings by labs, or are hard to verify. An important finding of this study is the association between frequency of reporting, reporting knowledge and perceptions of reporting burden. Increased automation could result in even lower reporting knowledge and familiarity with reporting requirements which could actually increase reporters' perception of notifiable condition reporting as burdensome. Another finding was of uncertainty regarding how data sent to public health agencies is used or provides clinical benefit. A strong recommendation generated by these findings is that, given their central role in reporting, clinic reporters are a significant target audience for public health outreach and education that aims to alleviate perceived reporting burden and improve reporting knowledge. In particular, communicating the benefits of public health's use of the data may reduce a perceived lack of information reciprocity between clinical and public health organizations.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {BMC public health},
	author = {Revere, Debra and Hills, Rebecca H. and Dixon, Brian E. and Gibson, P. Joseph and Grannis, Shaun J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2017},
	pmid = {28284190},
	pmcid = {PMC5346201},
	keywords = {Attitude of Health Personnel, Communicable Diseases, Disease Notification, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Health Personnel, Humans, Indiana, Information Dissemination, Interprofessional Relations, Population Surveillance, Public Health, Public Health Surveillance, Qualitative Research, Quality Control, Surveys and Questionnaires},
	pages = {247},
}



@article{hristovski_towards_2007,
	title = {Towards automatic extraction of research findings from the literature},
	issn = {1942-597X},
	abstract = {Most information extraction systems only process an article's title and abstract. However, a major source of research findings is an article's tables and figures. The aim of this study is to: (1) explore the efficacy of applying a hybrid information extraction system to the problem of identifying research findings in the scientific literature and (2) improve results by processing article title, abstract and table/figure text.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Hristovski, Dimitar and Revere, Debra and Bugni, Paul and Fuller, Sherrilynne and Friedman, Carol and Rindflesch, Thomas C.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {18694079},
	keywords = {Biomedical Research, Information Storage and Retrieval, Natural Language Processing, Publications},
	pages = {979},
}



@article{dixon_measuring_2013,
	title = {Measuring the impact of a health information exchange intervention on provider-based notifiable disease reporting using mixed methods: a study protocol},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1472-6947},
	shorttitle = {Measuring the impact of a health information exchange intervention on provider-based notifiable disease reporting using mixed methods},
	doi = {10.1186/1472-6947-13-121},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health information exchange (HIE) is the electronic sharing of data and information between clinical care and public health entities. Previous research has shown that using HIE to electronically report laboratory results to public health can improve surveillance practice, yet there has been little utilization of HIE for improving provider-based disease reporting. This article describes a study protocol that uses mixed methods to evaluate an intervention to electronically pre-populate provider-based notifiable disease case reporting forms with clinical, laboratory and patient data available through an operational HIE. The evaluation seeks to: (1) identify barriers and facilitators to implementation, adoption and utilization of the intervention; (2) measure impacts on workflow, provider awareness, and end-user satisfaction; and (3) describe the contextual factors that impact the effectiveness of the intervention within heterogeneous clinical settings and the HIE.
METHODS/DESIGN: The intervention will be implemented over a staggered schedule in one of the largest and oldest HIE infrastructures in the U.S., the Indiana Network for Patient Care. Evaluation will be conducted utilizing a concurrent design mixed methods framework in which qualitative methods are embedded within the quantitative methods. Quantitative data will include reporting rates, timeliness and burden and report completeness and accuracy, analyzed using interrupted time-series and other pre-post comparisons. Qualitative data regarding pre-post provider perceptions of report completeness, accuracy, and timeliness, reporting burden, data quality, benefits, utility, adoption, utilization and impact on reporting workflow will be collected using semi-structured interviews and open-ended survey items. Data will be triangulated to find convergence or agreement by cross-validating results to produce a contextualized portrayal of the facilitators and barriers to implementation and use of the intervention.
DISCUSSION: By applying mixed research methods and measuring context, facilitators and barriers, and individual, organizational and data quality factors that may impact adoption and utilization of the intervention, we will document whether and how the intervention streamlines provider-based manual reporting workflows, lowers barriers to reporting, increases data completeness, improves reporting timeliness and captures a greater portion of communicable disease burden in the community.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC medical informatics and decision making},
	author = {Dixon, Brian E. and Grannis, Shaun J. and Revere, Debra},
	month = oct,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {24171799},
	pmcid = {PMC3819468},
	keywords = {Clinical Laboratory Information Systems, Clinical Trials as Topic, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Systems, Humans, Information Dissemination, Population Surveillance, Public Health Surveillance, Research Design},
	pages = {121},
}



@article{dobbs_northwest_2010,
	title = {The {Northwest} {Public} {Health} {Information} {Exchange}'s {Accomplishments} in {Connecting} a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} with {Public} {Health}},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3210},
	abstract = {In 2007 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Request for Proposal for the "Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchange" project. The Situational Awareness project's goals are to connect public health with health information exchanges (HIEs) to improve public health's real-time understanding of communities' population health and healthcare facility status. During this same time period the Health and Human Services' Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology released several reports identifying the growing number of communities involved in health information exchange and outlining the requirements for a Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN). CDC saw the possibilities of using HIEs and the NHIN to accelerate the real-time sharing of clinical and facility-based resource utilization information to enhance local, state, regional, and federal public health in responding to and managing potentially catastrophic infectious disease outbreaks and other public health emergencies. HIEs would provide a unified view of a patient across health care providers and would serve as data collection points for clinical and resource utilization data while NHIN services and standards would be used to capture HIE data of importance and send those data to public health. This article discusses how automated syndromic surveillance data feeds have proven more stable and representative than existing surveillance data feeds and summarizes other accomplishments of the Northwest Public Health Information Exchange in its contribution to the advancement of the National agenda for sharing interoperable health information with public health.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Dobbs, D. and Trebatoski, M. and Revere, D.},
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {23569585},
	pmcid = {PMC3615762},
	keywords = {Data Collection, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Information Management, Medical Record Linkage, Public Health},
	pages = {ojphi.v2i2.3210},
}



@article{revere_leveraging_2014,
	title = {Leveraging health information exchange to improve population health reporting processes: lessons in using a collaborative-participatory design process},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {2327-9214},
	shorttitle = {Leveraging health information exchange to improve population health reporting processes},
	doi = {10.13063/2327-9214.1082},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Surveillance, or the systematic monitoring of disease within a population, is a cornerstone function of public health. Despite significant investment in information technologies (IT) to improve the public's health, health care providers continue to rely on manual, spontaneous reporting processes that can result in incomplete and delayed surveillance activities.
BACKGROUND: Participatory design principles advocate including real users and stakeholders when designing an information system to ensure high ecological validity of the product, incorporate relevance and context into the design, reduce misconceptions designers can make due to insufficient domain expertise, and ultimately reduce barriers to adoption of the system. This paper focuses on the collaborative and informal participatory design process used to develop enhanced, IT-enabled reporting processes that leverage available electronic health records in a health information exchange to prepopulate notifiable-conditions report forms used by public health authorities.
METHODS: Over nine months, public health stakeholders, technical staff, and informatics researchers were engaged in a multiphase participatory design process that included public health stakeholder focus groups, investigator-engineering team meetings, public health survey and census regarding high-priority data elements, and codesign of exploratory prototypes and final form mock-ups.
FINDINGS: A number of state-mandated report fields that are not highly used or desirable for disease investigation were eliminated, which allowed engineers to repurpose form space for desired and high-priority data elements and improve the usability of the forms. Our participatory design process ensured that IT development was driven by end user expertise and needs, resulting in significant improvements to the layout and functionality of the reporting forms.
DISCUSSION: In addition to informing report form development, engaging with public health end users and stakeholders through the participatory design process provided new insights into public health workflow and allowed the team to quickly triage user requests while managing user expectations within the realm of engineering possibilities.
CONCLUSION: Engaging public health, engineering staff, and investigators in a shared codesigning process ensured that the new forms will not only meet real-life needs but will also support development of a product that will be adopted and, ultimately, improve communicable and infectious disease reporting by clinicians to public health.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {EGEMS (Washington, DC)},
	author = {Revere, Debra and Dixon, Brian E. and Hills, Rebecca and Williams, Jennifer L. and Grannis, Shaun J.},
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {25848615},
	pmcid = {PMC4371487},
	keywords = {Collaborative Design, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Informatics, Participatory Design, Public Health, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Surveillance, Quality Improvement},
	pages = {1082},
}



@article{turner_ground_2008,
	title = {From the ground up: information needs of nurses in a rural public health department in {Oregon}},
	volume = {96},
	issn = {1558-9439},
	shorttitle = {From the ground up},
	doi = {10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.008},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The research identified and assessed information needs and resources of public health nurses in a local health department.
METHODS: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with seventeen public health nurses at a local health department in rural Oregon. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparative method to assess the information nurses sought and used in their work.
RESULTS: Public health nurses performed a wide variety of roles and associated tasks. Major themes that emerged from analyses of interview transcripts included: (1) differences in information needs depending on position and role; (2) colleagues as the most efficient and trusted source of information; (3) limitations of existing knowledge-based resources; (4) need for up-to-date and pertinent information; and (5) need for personal computers, basic communications software, and expanded Internet access.
CONCLUSIONS: Lack of Internet access is a significant barrier to use of information resources, and information tools tailored to meet the needs diverse public health nursing roles and facilitate information sharing among colleagues are needed. Librarians and informaticians can assist by addressing these needs and improving the organization of content and interface design for commonly used websites.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA},
	author = {Turner, Anne M. and Stavri, Zoe and Revere, Debra and Altamore, Rita},
	month = oct,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18974810},
	pmcid = {PMC2568844},
	keywords = {Adult, Anecdotes as Topic, Community Health Nursing, Consumer Health Information, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Information Services, Internet, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, Nurse's Role, Oregon, Public Health Nursing, Rural Health Services},
	pages = {335--342},
}



@article{revere_exploring_2015,
	title = {Exploring bi-directional and {SMS} messaging for communications between {Public} {Health} {Agencies} and their stakeholders: a qualitative study},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {1471-2458},
	shorttitle = {Exploring bi-directional and {SMS} messaging for communications between {Public} {Health} {Agencies} and their stakeholders},
	doi = {10.1186/s12889-015-1980-2},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Communication technologies that enable bi-directional/two-way communications and cell phone texting (SMS) between public health agencies and their stakeholders may improve public health surveillance, ensure targeted distribution of alerts to hard-to-reach populations, reduce mortality and morbidity in an emergency, and enable a crucial feedback loop between public health agencies and the communities they serve. Building on prior work regarding health care provider preferences for receiving one-way public health communications by email, fax or SMS, we conducted a formative, exploratory study to understand how a bi-directional system and the incorporation of SMS in that system might be used as a strategy to send and receive messages between public health agencies and community-based organizations which serve vulnerable populations, health care providers, and public health workers. Our research question: Under what conditions and/or situations might public health agencies utilize bi-directional and/or SMS messaging for disseminating time-sensitive public health information (alerts, advisories, updates, etc.) to their stakeholders?
METHODS: A mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) study was conducted between April and July 2014. Data collection included a survey distributed to health care providers and semi-structured interviews with providers, community- and government-based organization leaders and directors, and public health agency internal workforce staff. Survey respondents and interviewees were asked about their exposure to public health messages, how these messages are received and how the information in these messages are handled, and in what situations (for example, a local vs. a national event, a pandemic or emergency vs. a health update) a bi-directional and/or SMS messaging system might improve communications between public health agencies and their stakeholder group. Interview and survey data were qualitatively analyzed. Thematic codes were quantitized into dichotomous variables of 0 or 1 on a per respondent basis to enumerate the presence or absence of each thematic code, enable quantitative analysis, and inform interpretation of findings.
RESULTS: Five major themes emerged from synthesizing survey and interview results: 1) Regardless of situational context (emergency vs. non-urgent) and message recipient (stakeholder group), e-mail is a favored modality for receiving public health messages; 2) The decision to use bi-directional, SMS or multiple communication strategies is complex and public health agencies' need to manage messaging concerns/barriers and benefits for all parties; 3) Both public health agencies and their stakeholders share similar values/uses and concerns regarding two-way public health messaging and SMS; 4) Public health is highly trusted, thus thoughtful, effective messaging will ensure continuation of this goodwill; and 5) Information reciprocity between public health agencies and stakeholders who share their information is essential.
CONCLUSIONS: Multiple communication strategies might be utilized but the choice of a specific strategy needs to balance message content (emergency vs. routine communications), delivery (one- vs. two-way), channel (SMS, email, etc.), and public health agency burden with stakeholder preferences and technical capabilities, all while mitigating the risk of message overload and disregard of important communications by recipients.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC public health},
	author = {Revere, Debra and Calhoun, Rebecca and Baseman, Janet and Oberle, Mark},
	month = jul,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {26152142},
	pmcid = {PMC4494811},
	keywords = {Communication, Electronic Mail, Emergencies, Health Personnel, Humans, Public Health Administration, Qualitative Research, Text Messaging},
	pages = {621},
}



@article{hills_timeliness_2012,
	title = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010: a comparison of data exchange methods},
	volume = {2012},
	issn = {1942-597X},
	shorttitle = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010},
	abstract = {Health information systems receive data through various methods. These data exchange methods have the potential to influence data quality. We assessed a de-identified 2010 dataset including 757,476 demographic records and 2,634,101 vaccination records from Washington State's Immunization Information System (IIS) to describe timeliness and completeness of IIS data across several data exchange methods: manual entry, HL7, and flat file upload. Overall, manually-entered data and HL7 records were more timely than records imported as flat files. Completeness, though very high overall, was slightly higher for records arriving via flat file. Washington State IIS users, including clinicians and public health, rely on its data to inform patient care and determine population coverage of immunizations. Our results suggest that although data element completeness in systems like Washington's IIS will likely not be immediately or significantly impacted by provider's migration to HL7 connections with IISs, timeliness could be substantially improved when using HL7 connections.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Hills, Rebecca A. and Revere, Debra and Altamore, Rita and Abernethy, Neil F. and Lober, William B.},
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {23304304},
	pmcid = {PMC3540489},
	keywords = {Birth Certificates, Child, Demography, Health Information Systems, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant, Quality Control, Vaccination, Washington},
	pages = {340--349},
}



@article{trebatoski_methods_2010,
	title = {Methods for {Leveraging} a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} for {Public} {Health}: {Lessons} {Learned} from the {NW}-{PHIE} {Experience}},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	shorttitle = {Methods for {Leveraging} a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} for {Public} {Health}},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3211},
	abstract = {The intent of this article is to provide public health and health information exchanges (HIEs) insight into activities and processes for connecting public health with clinical care through HIEs. In 2007 the CDC issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the "Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchange" project. The project's goals are to connect public health with health information exchanges (HIEs) to improve public health's real-time understanding of communities' population health and healthcare facility status. This article describes the approach and methodology used by the Northwest Public Health Information Exchange to achieve the project's goals. The experience of the NWPHIE Collaboration provides an organizational and operational roadmap for implementing a successful regional HIE that ensures secure exchange and use of electronic health information between local and state public health and health care entities.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Trebatoski, M. and Davies, J. and Revere, D. and Dobbs, D.},
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {23569587},
	pmcid = {PMC3615764},
	keywords = {Data Collection, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Information Management, Information Services, Medical Record Linkage, Public Health, Public Health Informatics},
	pages = {ojphi.v2i2.3211},
}



@article{dixon_completeness_2017,
	title = {Completeness and timeliness of notifiable disease reporting: a comparison of laboratory and provider reports submitted to a large county health department},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1472-6947},
	shorttitle = {Completeness and timeliness of notifiable disease reporting},
	doi = {10.1186/s12911-017-0491-8},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Most public health agencies expect reporting of diseases to be initiated by hospital, laboratory or clinic staff even though so-called passive approaches are known to be burdensome for reporters and produce incomplete as well as delayed reports, which can hinder assessment of disease and delay recognition of outbreaks. In this study, we analyze patterns of reporting as well as data completeness and timeliness for traditional, passive reporting of notifiable disease by two distinct sources of information: hospital and clinic staff versus clinical laboratory staff. Reports were submitted via fax machine as well as electronic health information exchange interfaces.
METHODS: Data were extracted from all submitted notifiable disease reports for seven representative diseases. Reporting rates are the proportion of known cases having a corresponding case report from a provider, a faxed laboratory report or an electronic laboratory report. Reporting rates were stratified by disease and compared using McNemar's test. For key data fields on the reports, completeness was calculated as the proportion of non-blank fields. Timeliness was measured as the difference between date of laboratory confirmed diagnosis and the date the report was received by the health department. Differences in completeness and timeliness by data source were evaluated using a generalized linear model with Pearson's goodness of fit statistic.
RESULTS: We assessed 13,269 reports representing 9034 unique cases. Reporting rates varied by disease with overall rates of 19.1\% for providers and 84.4\% for laboratories (p {\textless} 0.001). All but three of 15 data fields in provider reports were more often complete than those fields within laboratory reports (p {\textless}0.001). Laboratory reports, whether faxed or electronically sent, were received, on average, 2.2 days after diagnosis versus a week for provider reports (p {\textless}0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite growth in the use of electronic methods to enhance notifiable disease reporting, there still exists much room for improvement.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {BMC medical informatics and decision making},
	author = {Dixon, Brian E. and Zhang, Zuoyi and Lai, Patrick T. S. and Kirbiyik, Uzay and Williams, Jennifer and Hills, Rebecca and Revere, Debra and Gibson, P. Joseph and Grannis, Shaun J.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
	pmid = {28645285},
	pmcid = {PMC5481902},
	keywords = {Completeness, Disease Notification, Disease notification, Electronic laboratory reporting, Health Information Exchange, Health Personnel, Health information exchange, Humans, Indiana, Local Government, Population Surveillance, Public Health Administration, Public health surveillance, Timeliness},
	pages = {87},
}



@article{baseman_randomized_2016,
	title = {A {Randomized} {Controlled} {Trial} of the {Effectiveness} of {Traditional} and {Mobile} {Public} {Health} {Communications} {With} {Health} {Care} {Providers}},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1938-744X},
	doi = {10.1017/dmp.2015.139},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Health care providers play an essential role in public health emergency preparedness and response. We conducted a 4-year randomized controlled trial to systematically compare the effectiveness of traditional and mobile communication strategies for sending time-sensitive public health messages to providers.
METHODS: Subjects (N=848) included providers who might be leveraged to assist with emergency preparedness and response activities, such as physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, physician's assistants, and veterinarians. Providers were randomly assigned to a group that received time-sensitive quarterly messages via e-mail, fax, or cell phone text messaging (SMS) or to a no-message control group. Follow-up phone interviews elicited information about message receipt, topic recall, and perceived credibility and trustworthiness of message and source.
RESULTS: Our main outcome measures were awareness and recall of message content, which was compared across delivery methods. Per-protocol analysis revealed that e-mail messages were recalled at a higher rate than were messaged delivered by fax or SMS, whereas the as-treated analysis found that e-mail and fax groups had similar recall rates and both had higher recall rates than the SMS group.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to systematically evaluate the relative effectiveness of public health message delivery systems. Our findings provide guidance to improve public health agency communications with providers before, during, and after a public health emergency.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness},
	author = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra and Painter, Ian and Oberle, Mark and Duchin, Jeffrey and Thiede, Hanne and Nett, Randall and MacEachern, Dorothy and Stergachis, Andy},
	month = feb,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {26690370},
	keywords = {Cell Phone, Communication, Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Text Messaging, communication, emergency preparedness, public health, public health practice, text messaging},
	pages = {98--107},
}



@article{revere_accelerating_2010,
	title = {Accelerating {Public} {Health} {Situational} {Awareness} through {Health} {Information} {Exchanges}: {An} {Annotated} {Bibliography}},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	shorttitle = {Accelerating {Public} {Health} {Situational} {Awareness} through {Health} {Information} {Exchanges}},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3212},
	abstract = {In 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention awarded contracts to health information exchanges in Indiana, New York and Washington/Idaho to accelerate public health situational awareness. Awardees in each state have disseminated their findings and lessons at professional conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. The dissemination formats ranged from papers, oral presentations, posters, panels and demonstrations at interoperability showcases. With a focus on health information exchange and public health, topics included biosurveillance, electronic laboratory reporting, broadcast messaging, and notifiable disease surveillance. Each presentation is summarized in this bibliography, and the authors affiliated with each site are highlighted.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Revere, Debra and Stevens, Kevin C.},
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {23569582},
	pmcid = {PMC3615759},
	keywords = {biosurveillance, electronic laboratory reporting, health information exchange, notifiable diseases, situational awareness},
	pages = {ojphi.v2i2.3212},
}



@article{reeder_public_2012,
	title = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}: {Information} {Needs} and {Barriers} to {Disease} {Surveillance}},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	shorttitle = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals engage in frequent exchange of health information while pursuing the objectives of protecting and improving population health. Yet, there has been little study of the information work of public health workers with regard to information exchange. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of information work at a local health jurisdiction before and during the early stages of participation in a regional Health Information Exchange.
METHODS: We investigated the information work of public health workers engaged in disease surveillance activities at a medium-sized local health jurisdiction by conducting semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzing interview transcripts.
RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION WORK OF PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS REVEALED BARRIERS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: information system usability; data timeliness, accuracy and completeness; and social interaction with clients. We illustrate these barriers by focusing on the work of epidemiologists.
CONCLUSION: Characterizing information work and barriers to information exchange for public health workers should be part of early system design efforts. A comprehensive understanding of the information practice of public health workers will inform the design of systems that better support public health work.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Hills, Rebecca A. and Baseman, Janet G. and Lober, William B.},
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {23569649},
	pmcid = {PMC3615831},
	keywords = {Communication Barriers, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Information Services, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Practice},
	pages = {ojphi.v4i3.4277},
}



@article{baseman_engagement_2022,
	title = {Engagement in {Protective} {Behaviors} by {Digital} {Exposure} {Notification} {Users} {During} the {COVID}-19 {Pandemic}, {Washington} {State}, {January}-{June} 2021},
	issn = {1468-2877},
	doi = {10.1177/00333549221110301},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Smartphone-based digital exposure notification (EN) tools were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic to supplement strained case investigation and contact tracing efforts. We examined the influence of an EN tool implemented in Washington State, WA Notify, on user engagement in behaviors that protect against COVID-19 transmission.
METHODS: From January 25 through June 30, 2021, we administered 2 surveys to WA Notify users who received notification of a possible COVID-19 exposure. The initial survey, sent when users received a notification, focused on intent to engage in protective behaviors. The follow-up survey captured data on self-reported actual engagement in protective behaviors and contact by a public health contact tracer.
RESULTS: Of 1507 WA Notify users who completed the initial survey, 40.1\% (n = 604) reported intending to seek COVID-19 testing and 67.1\% (n = 1011) intended to watch for COVID-19 symptoms. Of 407 respondents to the follow-up survey, 57.5\% (n = 234) reported getting tested and 84.3\% (n = 343) reported watching for COVID-19 symptoms. Approximately 84\% (n = 1266) of respondents to the initial survey received a notification from WA Notify before being reached by public health contact tracers; on follow-up, 42.5\% (n = 173) of respondents reported never being contacted by public health.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that WA Notify users may initiate protective behaviors earlier than nonusers who will not know of an exposure until notified by public health or by a known contact. Digital EN tools may be a valuable addition to existing public health outbreak investigation and response activities.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)},
	author = {Baseman, Janet G. and Karras, Bryant T. and Revere, Debra},
	month = aug,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35915982},
	keywords = {COVID-19, contact tracing, exposure notification, mobile applications, quarantine},
	pages = {333549221110301},
}



@article{revere_how_2014,
	title = {How 2 txt: an exploration of crafting public health messages in {SMS}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1756-0500},
	shorttitle = {How 2 txt},
	doi = {10.1186/1756-0500-7-514},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care providers are an important target audience for public health emergency preparedness, response and recovery communications. Short Message Service or text messaging to cell phones may be a promising supplemental or alternative technique for reaching health care providers with time-sensitive public health information. However, studies to date have yet to investigate the message content and formatting requirements of providers with respect to public health alerts and advisories or sought to understand how to meet these needs using Short Message Service technology.
METHODS: Data collection was completed using a two-part online survey. In the first part, health care providers identified their use of different technologies for receiving information and provided input on the message components most important in a public health message. In the second part, health care providers participated in an exercise in which they shortened three public health emergency messages, ranging from 2024-2828 characters per message, to meet the 160-character limitation for text delivery. Results were analyzed to determine associations between provider types, age ranges, gender, access to various media (text, email, fax, social media, etc.), and smart phone ownership.
RESULTS: The following components were most frequently selected as essential for a public health message: Topic, Recommendation, Geographic Location, Signs \& Symptoms, Population Affected, and Link to Additional Information. There was no statistically significant association between message component selection and provider type, age ranges, or gender. In the message conversion exercise, we found a statistically significant association between providers who reported receiving information by SMS and/or smart phone ownership and including a link to additional information in the converted message, ranging from 61\% to over 72\% on a per message analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: A substantive recommendation derived from this study is that public health agencies include a link to additional website information when sending messages in SMS format. SMS could be a useful public health tool for communicating with health care providers but further investigation of how to effectively use SMS and other mobile technologies is needed to inform public health decisions regarding adoption of messaging systems utilizing these newer technologies.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC research notes},
	author = {Revere, Debra and Schwartz, Malaika R. and Baseman, Janet},
	month = aug,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {25113387},
	pmcid = {PMC4267116},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Cell Phone, Demography, Female, Health Information Systems, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Ownership, Public Health, Text Messaging},
	pages = {514},
}



@article{revere_health-care_2014,
	title = {Health-care provider preferences for time-sensitive communications from public health agencies},
	volume = {129 Suppl 4},
	issn = {1468-2877},
	doi = {10.1177/00333549141296S410},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Rapid Emergency Alert Communication in Health (REACH) Trial was a randomized control trial to systematically compare and evaluate the effectiveness of traditional and mobile communication modalities for public health agencies to disseminate time-sensitive information to health-care providers (HCPs). We conducted a sub-study to identify the communication channels by which HCPs preferred receiving public health alerts and advisories.
METHODS: Enrolled HCPs were blindly randomized into four message delivery groups to receive time-sensitive public health messages by e-mail, fax, or short message service (SMS) or to a no-message control group. Follow-up interviews were conducted 5-10 days after the message. In the final interview, additional questions were asked regarding HCP preferences for receiving public health alerts and advisories. We examined the relationship between key covariates and preferred method of receiving public health alert and advisory messages.
RESULTS: Gender, age, provider type, and study site showed statistically significant associations with delivery method preference. Older providers were more likely than younger providers to prefer e-mail or fax, while younger providers were more likely than older providers to prefer receiving messages via SMS.
CONCLUSIONS: There is currently no evidence-based research to guide or improve communication between public health agencies and HCPs. Understanding the preferences of providers for receiving alerts and advisories may improve the effectiveness of vital public health communications systems and, in turn, may enhance disease surveillance, aid in early detection, and improve case finding and situational awareness for public health emergencies.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)},
	author = {Revere, Debra and Painter, Ian and Oberle, Mark and Baseman, Janet G.},
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {25355977},
	pmcid = {PMC4187309},
	keywords = {Electronic Mail, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Interviews as Topic, Public Health, Telefacsimile, Washington},
	pages = {67--76},
}



@article{painter_leveraging_2017,
	title = {Leveraging public health's participation in a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} to improve communicable disease reporting},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v9i2.8001},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases can appear and spread rapidly. Timely information about disease patterns and trends allows public health agencies to quickly investigate and efficiently contain those diseases. But disease case reporting to public health has traditionally been paper-based, resulting in somewhat slow, burdensome processes. Fortunately, the expanding use of electronic health records and health information exchanges has created opportunities for more rapid, complete, and easily managed case reporting and investigation. To assess how this new service might impact the efficiency and quality of a public health agency's case investigations, we compared the timeliness of usual case investigation to that of case investigations based on case report forms that were partially pre-populated with electronic data.
INTERVENTION: Between September 2013-March 2014, chlamydia disease report forms for certain clinics in Indianapolis were electronically pre-populated with clinical, lab and patient data available through the Indiana Health Information Exchange, then provided to the patientâ€™s doctor. Doctors could then sign the form and deliver it to public health for investigation and population-level disease tracking. Methods: We utilized a novel matched case analysis of timeliness changes in receipt and processing of communicable disease report forms. Each Chlamydia cases reported with the pre-populated form were matched to cases reported in usual ways. We assessed the time from receipt of the case at the public health agency: 1) inclusion of the case into the public health surveillance system and 2) to close to case. A hierarchical random effects model was used to compare mean difference in each outcome between the target cases and the matched cases, with random intercepts for case.
RESULTS: Twenty-one Chlamydia cases were reported to the public health agency using the pre-populated form. Sixteen of these pre-populated form cases were matched to at least one other case, with a mean of 23 matches per case. The mean Reporting Lag for the pre-populated form cases was 2.5 days, which was 2.7 days shorter than the mean Reporting Lag for the matched controls (p = {\textless}0.001). The mean time to close a pre-populated form case was 4.7 days, which was 0.2 days shorter than time to close for the matched controls (p = 0.792).
CONCLUSIONS: Use of pre-populated forms significantly decreased the time it took for the local public health agency to begin documenting and closing chlamydia case investigations. Thoughtful use of electronic health data for case reporting may decrease the per-case workload of public health agencies, and improve the timeliness of information about the pattern and spread of disease.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Painter, Ian and Revere, Debra and Gibson, P. Joseph and Baseman, Janet},
	year = {2017},
	pmid = {29026452},
	pmcid = {PMC5630274},
	keywords = {Communicable Diseases, Disease Notification, Electronic health records, Health information exchange, Public Health Surveillance},
	pages = {e186},
}



@article{baseman_public_2013,
	title = {Public health communications and alert fatigue},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1472-6963},
	doi = {10.1186/1472-6963-13-295},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care providers play a significant role in large scale health emergency planning, detection, response, recovery and communication with the public. The effectiveness of health care providers in emergency preparedness and response roles depends, in part, on public health agencies communicating information in a way that maximizes the likelihood that the message is delivered, received, deemed credible and, when appropriate, acted on. However, during an emergency, health care providers can become inundated with alerts and advisories through numerous national, state, local and professional communication channels. We conducted an alert fatigue study as a sub-study of a larger randomized controlled trial which aimed to identify the most effective methods of communicating public health messages between public health agencies and providers. We report an analysis of the effects of public health message volume/frequency on recall of specific message content and effect of rate of message communications on health care provider alert fatigue.
METHODS: Health care providers enrolled in the larger study (n=528) were randomized to receive public health messages via email, fax, short message service (SMS or cell phone text messaging) or to a control group that did not receive messages. For 12 months, study messages based on real events of public health significance were sent quarterly with follow-up telephone interviews regarding message receipt and topic recall conducted 5-10 days after the message delivery date. During a pandemic when numerous messages are sent, alert fatigue may impact ability to recall whether a specific message has been received due to the "noise" created by the higher number of messages. To determine the impact of "noise" when study messages were sent, we compared health care provider recall of the study message topic to the number of local public health messages sent to health care providers.
RESULTS: We calculated the mean number of messages that each provider received from local public health during the time period around each study message and provider recall of study message content. We found that recall rates were inversely proportional to the mean number of messages received per week: Every increase of one local public health message per week resulted in a statistically significant 41.2\% decrease (p {\textless} 0.01), 95\% CI [0.39, .87] in the odds of recalling the content of the study message.
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the effects of alert fatigue on health care providers' recall of information. Our results suggest that information delivered too frequently and/or repetitively through numerous communication channels may have a negative effect on the ability of health care providers to effectively recall emergency information. Keeping health care providers and other first-line responders informed during an emergency is critical. Better coordination between organizations disseminating alerts, advisories and other messages may improve the ability of health care providers to recall public health emergency messages, potentially impacting effective response to public health emergency messages.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC health services research},
	author = {Baseman, Janet G. and Revere, Debra and Painter, Ian and Toyoji, Mariko and Thiede, Hanne and Duchin, Jeffrey},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23915324},
	pmcid = {PMC3751004},
	keywords = {Adult, Communication, Confidence Intervals, Disasters, Electronic Mail, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Mental Fatigue, Mental Recall, Middle Aged, Public Health, Qualitative Research, Text Messaging, Washington},
	pages = {295},
}



@article{revere_expanding_2018,
	title = {Expanding {Methodologies} to {Identify} {High}-{Priority} {Emergency} {Preparedness} {Tools} for {Implementation} in {Public} {Health} {Agencies}},
	volume = {108},
	issn = {1541-0048},
	doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2018.304796},
	language = {eng},
	number = {S5},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	author = {Revere, Debra and Allan, Susan and Karasz, Hilary and Baseman, Janet},
	month = nov,
	year = {2018},
	pmid = {30422699},
	pmcid = {PMC6236711},
	keywords = {Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Civil Defense, Communication, Disaster Planning, Humans, Public Health, United States},
	pages = {S372--S374},
}



@article{wood_enhancing_2019,
	title = {Enhancing {Access} to {Quality} {Online} {Training} to {Strengthen} {Public} {Health} {Preparedness} and {Response}},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {1550-5022},
	doi = {10.1097/PHH.0000000000000811},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To improve access to quality online training materials developed from 2010 to 2015 by 14 Preparedness and Emergency Response Learning Centers (PERLCs) by creating quality standards and enhancing searchability through a new Web-based public health training catalog.
METHODS: The PERLC-developed training materials (n = 530) were evaluated for their capability to support development of preparedness competencies as established by 2 evidence-based competency frameworks. Inclusion/exclusion criteria and evaluation guidelines regarding training quality (design, technology, and instructional components) were systematically applied to PERLC products to create a training catalog. Twenty emergency preparedness professionals pilot tested content and provided feedback to improve catalog design and function.
RESULTS: Seventy-eight percent of PERLC resources (n = 413) met our quality standards for inclusion in the catalog's searchable database: 358 self-paced courses, 55 informational briefs, and other materials. Twenty-one training bundles were curated.
DISCUSSION: We established quality guidelines, identified strengths and weaknesses in PERLC resources, and improved accessibility to trainings. Guidelines established by this work can be generalized to trainings outside the preparedness domain. Enhancing access to quality training resources can serve as a valuable tool for increasing emergency preparedness competence.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP},
	author = {Wood, Suzanne J. and Rogers, Megan H. and Frost, Madeline C. and Revere, Debra and Rose, Barbara A. and DʼAmbrosio, Luann},
	month = dec,
	year = {2019},
	pmid = {31589183},
	pmcid = {PMC6791563},
	keywords = {Civil Defense, Education, Distance, Education, Public Health Professional, Formative Feedback, Humans, Internet},
	pages = {E1--E9},
}



@article{revere_understanding_2007,
	title = {Understanding the information needs of public health practitioners: a literature review to inform design of an interactive digital knowledge management system},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {1532-0480},
	shorttitle = {Understanding the information needs of public health practitioners},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2006.12.008},
	abstract = {The need for rapid access to information to support critical decisions in public health cannot be disputed; however, development of such systems requires an understanding of the actual information needs of public health professionals. This paper reports the results of a literature review focused on the information needs of public health professionals. The authors reviewed the public health literature to answer the following questions: (1) What are the information needs of public health professionals? (2) In what ways are those needs being met? (3) What are the barriers to meeting those needs? (4) What is the role of the Internet in meeting information needs? The review was undertaken in order to develop system requirements to inform the design and development of an interactive digital knowledge management system. The goal of the system is to support the collection, management, and retrieval of public health documents, data, learning objects, and tools.
METHOD: The search method extended beyond traditional information resources, such as bibliographic databases, tables of contents (TOC), and bibliographies, to include information resources public health practitioners routinely use or have need to use--for example, grey literature, government reports, Internet-based publications, and meeting abstracts.
RESULTS: Although few formal studies of information needs and information-seeking behaviors of public health professionals have been reported, the literature consistently indicated a critical need for comprehensive, coordinated, and accessible information to meet the needs of the public health workforce. Major barriers to information access include time, resource reliability, trustworthiness/credibility of information, and "information overload".
CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing a novel search method that included the diversity of information resources public health practitioners use, has produced a richer and more useful picture of the information needs of the public health workforce than other literature reviews. There is a critical need for public health digital knowledge management systems designed to reflect the diversity of public health activities, to enable human communications, and to provide multiple access points to critical information resources. Public health librarians and other information specialists can serve a significant role in helping public health professionals meet their information needs through the development of evidence-based decision support systems, human-mediated expert searching and training in the use information retrieval systems.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Informatics},
	author = {Revere, Debra and Turner, Anne M. and Madhavan, Ann and Rambo, Neil and Bugni, Paul F. and Kimball, AnnMarie and Fuller, Sherrilynne S.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {17324632},
	keywords = {Artificial Intelligence, Database Management Systems, Information Dissemination, Information Storage and Retrieval, Medical Informatics, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Needs Assessment, Public Health Practice, Software Design, User-Computer Interface},
	pages = {410--421},
}



@article{dixon_improving_2020,
	title = {Improving {Notifiable} {Disease} {Case} {Reporting} {Through} {Electronic} {Information} {Exchange}-{Facilitated} {Decision} {Support}: {A} {Controlled} {Before}-and-{After} {Trial}},
	volume = {135},
	issn = {1468-2877},
	shorttitle = {Improving {Notifiable} {Disease} {Case} {Reporting} {Through} {Electronic} {Information} {Exchange}-{Facilitated} {Decision} {Support}},
	doi = {10.1177/0033354920914318},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Outbreak detection and disease control may be improved by simplified, semi-automated reporting of notifiable diseases to public health authorities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an electronic, prepopulated notifiable disease report form on case reporting rates by ambulatory care clinics to public health authorities.
METHODS: We conducted a 2-year (2012-2014) controlled before-and-after trial of a health information exchange (HIE) intervention in Indiana designed to prepopulate notifiable disease reporting forms to providers. We analyzed data collected from electronic prepopulated reports and "usual care" (paper, fax) reports submitted to a local health department for 7 conditions by using a difference-in-differences model. Primary outcomes were changes in reporting rates, completeness, and timeliness between intervention and control clinics.
RESULTS: Provider reporting rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea in intervention clinics increased significantly from 56.9\% and 55.6\%, respectively, during the baseline period (2012) to 66.4\% and 58.3\%, respectively, during the intervention period (2013-2014); they decreased from 28.8\% and 27.5\%, respectively, to 21.7\% and 20.6\%, respectively, in control clinics (P {\textless} .001). Completeness improved from baseline to intervention for 4 of 15 fields in reports from intervention clinics (P {\textless} .001), although mean completeness improved for 11 fields in both intervention and control clinics. Timeliness improved for both intervention and control clinics; however, reports from control clinics were timelier (mean, 7.9 days) than reports from intervention clinics (mean, 9.7 days).
CONCLUSIONS: Electronic, prepopulated case reporting forms integrated into providers' workflow, enabled by an HIE network, can be effective in increasing notifiable disease reporting rates and completeness of information. However, it was difficult to assess the effect of using the forms for diseases with low prevalence (eg, salmonellosis, histoplasmosis).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)},
	author = {Dixon, Brian E. and Zhang, Zuoyi and Arno, Janet N. and Revere, Debra and Joseph Gibson, P. and Grannis, Shaun J.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2020},
	pmid = {32250707},
	pmcid = {PMC7238703},
	keywords = {Ambulatory Care Facilities, Controlled Before-After Studies, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Humans, Indiana, Population Surveillance, Socioeconomic Factors, health information exchange, infectious disease reporting, public health surveillance},
	pages = {401--410},
}



@article{baseman_implementing_2018,
	title = {Implementing {Innovations} in {Public} {Health} {Agency} {Preparedness} and {Response} {Programs}},
	volume = {108},
	issn = {1541-0048},
	doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2018.304795},
	language = {eng},
	number = {S5},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	author = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra and Karasz, Hilary and Allan, Susan},
	month = nov,
	year = {2018},
	pmid = {30422698},
	pmcid = {PMC6236713},
	keywords = {Civil Defense, Communication, Disaster Planning, Humans, Public Health Administration},
	pages = {S369--S371},
}



@article{karras_informatics_2001,
	title = {Informatics for {Peru} in the new millennium},
	volume = {84},
	issn = {0926-9630},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: As efforts continue to narrow the digital divide between the North and South, a new biomedical and health informatics training effort has been launched in Peru. This report describes the first year of work on this collaborative effort between the University of Washington (Seattle) Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and Universidad Nacional de San Marcos (Peru)
OBJECTIVES: To describe activities in the first year of a new International Research and Training Program in Biomedical and Health Informatics.
METHODS: Descriptive analysis of key activities including an assessment of electronic environment through observation and survey, an in country short course with quantitative evaluation, and first round of recruitment of Peruvian scholars for long-term training in Seattle.
RESULTS: A two-week short course on informatics was held in the country. Participants' success in learning was demonstrated through pretest/posttest. A systematic assessment of electronic environment in Peru was carried out and two scholars for long-term training were enrolled at the University of Washington, Seattle.
DISCUSSION: Initial activity in the collaborative training effort has been high. Of particular importance in this environment is orchestration of efforts among interested parties with similar goals in Peru, and integration of informatics skills into ongoing large-scale research projects in country.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {Pt 2},
	journal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},
	author = {Karras, B. T. and Kimball, A. M. and Gonzales, V. and Pautler, N. A. and Alarcón, J. and Garcia, P. J. and Fuller, S.},
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11604888},
	keywords = {International Cooperation, Medical Informatics, Peru, Program Evaluation, United States, Washington},
	pages = {1033--1037},
}



@article{lober_iml_2001,
	title = {{IML}: {An} image markup language},
	issn = {1531-605X},
	shorttitle = {{IML}},
	abstract = {Image Markup Language is an extensible markup language (XML) schema used to describe both image metadata and annotations. It describes both data pertaining to an entire image, and data that are tied to specific regions or features of the image. Developed for a specific domain in Medical Education, this pa-per describes extensions to take advantage of the Dublin Core metadata standard, and of an XML schema for vector graphics representation. We have developed a prototype system of open source tools implementing an authoring system, a client system, and an image annotation database which can be queried though the Web.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Lober, W. B. and Trigg, L. J. and Bliss, D. and Brinkley, J. M.},
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11825219},
	pmcid = {PMC2243617},
	keywords = {Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Programming Languages, Software},
	pages = {403--407},
}



@article{puschel_factors_2001,
	title = {Factors related to cancer screening in {Hispanics}: a comparison of the perceptions of {Hispanic} community members, health care providers, and representatives of organizations that serve {Hispanics}},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {1090-1981},
	shorttitle = {Factors related to cancer screening in {Hispanics}},
	doi = {10.1177/109019810102800505},
	abstract = {Hispanics have lower rates of screening for cervical, breast, and colon cancer than non-Hispanics. Activities to increase cancer screening in this population may not be informed by Hispanics, which may have implications for success rates of interventions. In this study, the perceptions about cancer screening behaviors in Hispanics are compared among three groups: a random sample of respondents (75\% Hispanic) to a population-based survey, health care providers (primarily non-Hispanic), and representatives of organizations that serve Hispanics (36\% Hispanic). While there was agreement that socioeconomic factors were important for cancer screening, differing views were expressed regarding the importance of cultural factors for cancer screening among Hispanics. Interventions developed by those who serve the Hispanic population may be based on inaccurate perceptions about the beliefs and practices of the population served. For effective interventions, it will be necessary to understand the factors important to Hispanics for cancer screening.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Health Education \& Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education},
	author = {Puschel, K. and Thompson, B. and Coronado, G. D. and Lopez, L. C. and Kimball, A. M.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11575687},
	keywords = {Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Community Health Services, Culture, Data Collection, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Neoplasms, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Socioeconomic Factors, Washington},
	pages = {573--590},
}



@article{revere_creating_2000,
	title = {Creating a {New} {Therapeutic} {Relationship}: {Using} {Two}-way {Pagers} to {Deliver} {Continuous} {Care} to {Outpatients}},
	issn = {1531-605X},
	shorttitle = {Creating a {New} {Therapeutic} {Relationship}},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2243886/},
	urldate = {2022-08-17},
	journal = {Proceedings of the AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Revere, D. and Dunbar, P.J.},
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {null},
	pmcid = {PMC2243886},
	pages = {1116},
}



@article{kimball_asian_1999,
	title = {The {Asian} {Pacific} {Economic} {Cooperation} {Emerging} {Infections} {Network}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0749-3797},
	doi = {10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00051-3},
	abstract = {ISSUE: The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has undertaken an initiative in emerging infections.
PROJECT: The APEC Emerging Infections Network project uses collaborative telecommunications tools such as e-mail and a World Wide Web site to bridge the broad geographic expanse and diversity of APEC. Scientists and policymakers share information to effectively combat emerging infectious disease (EID) through surveillance, prevention, research, and control measures.
RESULTS: In the project's first year, site visits compiled information on Internet access in selected economies. Information sharing via electronic lists has been successful; feedback suggests that these strategies will become increasingly useful. The Emerging Infections Network (EINet) Web site includes project information, library access, surveillance data, prevention guidelines, and distance learning resources. A pilot effort to promote the secure electronic exchange of surveillance data demonstrated that informal communications may be both preferable and more feasible during the early stages of this project.
LESSONS LEARNED: Human networking is as important as technology-based networking in addressing emerging infections. Internet technology in some APEC economies is barely adequate, but is becoming more reliable and accessible. Numerous member economies are eager to be included in project activities.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
	author = {Kimball, A. M. and Horwitch, C. A. and O'Carroll, P. W. and Arjoso, S. and Kunanusont, C. and Lin, Y. S. and Meyer, C. M. and Schubert, L. E. and Dunham, P. L.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1999},
	pmid = {10490062},
	keywords = {Asia, Communicable Disease Control, Computer Communication Networks, Data Collection, Humans, International Cooperation, Medical Informatics, Pacific States, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Tuberculosis},
	pages = {156--158},
}



@article{berry_enhancing_2011,
	title = {Enhancing patient-provider communication with the electronic self-report assessment for cancer: a randomized trial.},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {1527-7755 0732-183X},
	doi = {10.1200/JCO.2010.30.3909},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: Although patient-reported cancer symptoms and quality-of-life issues (SQLIs) have been promoted as essential to a comprehensive assessment, efficient  and efficacious methods have not been widely tested in clinical settings. The  purpose of this trial was to determine the effect of the Electronic Self-Report  Assessment-Cancer (ESRA-C) on the likelihood of SQLIs discussed between  clinicians and patients with cancer in ambulatory clinic visits. Secondary  objectives included comparison of visit duration between groups and usefulness of  the ESRA-C as reported by clinicians. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized  controlled trial was conducted in 660 patients with various cancer diagnoses and  stages at two institutions of a comprehensive cancer center. Patient-reported  SQLIs were automatically displayed on a graphical summary and provided to the  clinical team before an on-treatment visit (n = 327); in the control group, no  summary was provided (n = 333). SQLIs were scored for level of severity or  distress. One on-treatment clinic visit was audio recorded for each participant  and then scored for discussion of each SQLI. We hypothesized that problematic  SQLIs would be discussed more often when the intervention was delivered to the  clinicians. RESULTS: The likelihood of SQLIs being discussed differed by  randomized group and depended on whether an SQLI was first reported as  problematic (P = .032). Clinic visits were similar with regard to duration  between groups, and clinicians reported the summary as useful. CONCLUSION: The  ESRA-C is the first electronic self-report application to increase discussion of  SQLIs in a US randomized clinical trial.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},
	author = {Berry, Donna L. and Blumenstein, Brent A. and Halpenny, Barbara and Wolpin, Seth and Fann, Jesse R. and Austin-Seymour, Mary and Bush, Nigel and Karras, Bryant T. and Lober, William B. and McCorkle, Ruth},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21282548},
	pmcid = {PMC3068053},
	keywords = {*Ambulatory Care, *Decision Support Systems, Clinical, *Electronic Mail, *Physician-Patient Relations, *Quality of Life, *Self Report, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ambulatory Care, Computer Graphics, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Electronic Mail, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis/psychology/*therapy, Odds Ratio, Physician-Patient Relations, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Self Report, United States, Young Adult},
	pages = {1029--1035},
}



@article{olson_applying_2011,
	title = {Applying a {New} {Model} for {Sharing} {Population} {Health} {Data} to {National} {Syndromic} {Influenza} {Surveillance}: {DiSTRIBuTE} {Project} {Proof} of {Concept}, 2006 to 2009.},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {2157-3999},
	doi = {10.1371/currents.RRN1251},
	abstract = {The Distributed Surveillance Taskforce for Real-time Influenza Burden Tracking and Evaluation (DiSTRIBuTE) project began as a pilot effort initiated by the  International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) in autumn 2006 to create a  collaborative electronic emergency department (ED) syndromic influenza-like  illness (ILI) surveillance network based on existing state and local systems and  expertise. DiSTRIBuTE brought together health departments that were interested  in: 1) sharing aggregate level data; 2) maintaining jurisdictional control; 3)  minimizing barriers to participation; and 4) leveraging the flexibility of local  systems to create a dynamic and collaborative surveillance network. This approach  was in contrast to the prevailing paradigm for surveillance where record level  information was collected, stored and analyzed centrally. The DiSTRIBuTE project  was created with a distributed design, where individual level data remained local  and only summarized, stratified counts were reported centrally, thus minimizing  privacy risks. The project was responsive to federal mandates to improve  integration of federal, state, and local biosurveillance capabilities. During the  proof of concept phase, 2006 to 2009, ten jurisdictions from across North America  sent ISDS on a daily to weekly basis year-round, aggregated data by day,  stratified by local ILI syndrome, age-group and region. During this period, data  from participating U.S. state or local health departments captured over 13\% of  all ED visits nationwide. The initiative focused on state and local health  department trust, expertise, and control. Morbidity trends observed in DiSTRIBuTE  were highly correlated with other influenza surveillance measures. With the  emergence of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the spring of 2009, the project was used  to support information sharing and ad hoc querying at the state and local level.  In the fall of 2009, through a broadly collaborative effort, the project was  expanded to enhance electronic ED surveillance nationwide.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {PLoS currents},
	author = {Olson, Donald R. and Paladini, Marc and Lober, William B. and Buckeridge, David L.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21894257},
	pmcid = {PMC3148528},
	pages = {RRN1251},
}



@article{bakare_global_2011,
	title = {Global pharmacovigilance for antiretroviral drugs: overcoming contrasting priorities},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1549-1676},
	shorttitle = {Global pharmacovigilance for antiretroviral drugs},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1001054},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {PLoS medicine},
	author = {Bakare, Nyasha and Edwards, Ivor Ralph and Stergachis, Andy and Pal, Shanthi and Holmes, Charles B. and Lindquist, Marie and Duncombe, Chris and Dodoo, Alex and Novendstern, Joel and Nwokike, Jude and Kuchenbecker, Ricardo and Aberg, Judith A. and Miller, Veronica and Strobos, Jur},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21750668},
	pmcid = {PMC3130019},
	keywords = {Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Confidentiality, Delivery of Health Care, Drug Industry, Humans, Insurance, Health, International Cooperation, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing},
	pages = {e1001054},
}



@inproceedings{baseman_effectiveness_2011,
	address = {Vancouver WA},
	title = {Effectiveness of {Public} {Health}-to-{Health} {Care} {Provider} {Emergency} {Communications}},
	author = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra},
	month = oct,
	year = {2011},
}



@article{babigumira_cost_2011,
	title = {Cost effectiveness of a pharmacy-only refill program in a large urban {HIV}/{AIDS} clinic in {Uganda}},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0018193},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries face increasing numbers of patients and workforce shortages. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing a Pharmacy-only Refill Program (PRP), a form of task-shifting, to the Standard of Care (SOC) at a large HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda, the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI). The PRP was started to reduce workforce shortages and optimize patient care by substituting pharmacy visits for SOC involving monthly physician visits for accessing antiretroviral medicines.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a retrospective cohort analysis to compare the effectiveness of the PRP compared to SOC. Effectiveness was defined as Favorable Immune Response (FIR), measured as having a CD4 lymphocyte count of over 500 cells/µl at follow-up. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the difference in FIR between patients in the PRP and SOC. We incorporated estimates of effectiveness into an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis performed from a limited societal perspective. We estimated costs from previous studies at IDI and conducted univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We identified 829 patients, 578 in the PRP and 251 in SOC. After 12.8 months (PRP) and 15.1 months (SOC) of follow-up, 18.9\% of patients had a FIR, 18.6\% in the PRP and 19.6\% in SOC. There was a non-significant 9\% decrease in the odds of having a FIR for PRP compared to SOC after adjusting for other variables (OR 0.93, 95\% CI 0.55-1.58). The PRP was less costly than the SOC (US\$ 520 vs. 655 annually, respectively). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing PRP to SOC was US\$ 13,500 per FIR. PRP remained cost-effective at univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.
CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The PRP is more cost-effective than the standard of care. Similar task-shifting programs might help large HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries to cope with increasing numbers of patients seeking care.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {PloS One},
	author = {Babigumira, Joseph B. and Castelnuovo, Barbara and Stergachis, Andy and Kiragga, Agnes and Shaefer, Petra and Lamorde, Mohammed and Kambugu, Andrew and Muwanga, Alice and Garrison, Louis P.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21464895},
	pmcid = {PMC3065481},
	keywords = {Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cities, Computer Simulation, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Demography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Monte Carlo Method, Multivariate Analysis, Pharmacy, Prescription Drugs, Standard of Care, Uganda},
	pages = {e18193},
}



@article{hills_applying_2011,
	title = {Applying the {XForms} {Standard} to {Public} {Health} {Case} {Reporting} and {Alerting}},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615786/},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656},
	abstract = {Notifiable condition reporting and alerting are two important public health functions. Today, a variety of methods are used to transfer these types of information. The increasing use of electronic health record systems by healthcare providers makes new types of electronic communication possible. We used the XForms standard and nationally recognized technical profiles to demonstrate the communication of both notifiable condition reports and patient-tailored public health alerts. This demonstration of bi-directional communication took placein a prototypical health information exchange environment. We successfully transferred information between provider electronic health record systems and public health systems for notifiable condition reporting. Patient-specific alerts were successfully sent from public health to provider systems. In this paper we discuss the benefits of XForms, including the use of XML, advanced form controls, form initialization and reduction in scripting. We also review implementation challenges, the maturity of the technology and its suitability for use in public health.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2022-08-04},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Hills, Rebecca A and Baseman, Janet G and Revere, Debra and Boge, Craig L K and Oberle, Mark W and Doctor, Jason N and Lober, William B},
	month = nov,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {23569609},
	pmcid = {PMC3615786},
	pages = {ojphi.v3i2.3656},
}



@article{fuller_intervention_2011,
	title = {From intervention informatics to prevention informatics},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {1550-8366},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112},
	doi = {10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112},
	abstract = {The contributions of the information science community to health care are significant, especially through systems supporting clinical care for individual patients, an intervention informatics approach. Though valuable, this strategy is reactive, fails to account for numerous environmental factors affecting personal health and falls short of enhancing human health on a broader scale. An unmet challenge with abundant opportunity lies in prevention informatics, a proactive approach drawing on information science and technologies to deliver greater health gains at a population level. Prevention informatics is marked by a high degree social interactivity in real time, with technologies to bring together disparate data and represent it in an integrated and meaningful way as the basis for action. The approach relies on standards for classifying information, systematic knowledge management and improved methods to collect, mine and visualize data. Tools and software are already in use in locations around the world, relying on smartphone technology and geographic information systems to share community health information and location data. Further advances in prevention informatics will require adoption of common terminologies, visualization tools and GIS mapping, and optimized data exchange to support rapid prevention response.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-08-04},
	journal = {Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology},
	author = {Fuller, Sherrilynne},
	year = {2011},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112},
	pages = {36--41},
}



@article{keeling_development_2011,
	title = {Development and evaluation of a prototype search engine to meet public health information needs},
	volume = {2011},
	issn = {1942-597X},
	abstract = {Grey literature is information not available through commercial publishers. It is a sizable and valuable information source for public health (PH) practice but because documents are not formally indexed the information is difficult to locate. Public Health Information Search (PHIS) was developed to address this problem. NLP techniques were used to create informative document summaries for an extensive collection of grey literature on PH topics. The system was evaluated with PH workers using the critical incident technique in a two stage field evaluation to assess effectiveness in comparison with Google. Document summaries were found to be both helpful and accurate. Increased document collection size and enhanced result rankings improved search effectiveness from 28\% to 55\%. PHIS would work best in conjunction with Google or another broad coverage Web search engine when searching for documents and reports as opposed to local health data and primary disease information. PHIS could enhance both the quality and quantity of PH search results.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},
	author = {Keeling, Jonathan W. and Turner, Anne M. and Allen, Eileen E. and Rowe, Steven A. and Merrill, Jacqueline A. and Liddy, Elizabeth D. and Turtle, Howard R.},
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {22195125},
	pmcid = {PMC3243142},
	keywords = {Humans, Internet, Public Health Informatics, Publications, Search Engine},
	pages = {693--700},
}



@article{kirchhoff_application_2011,
	title = {Application of statistical machine translation to public health information: a feasibility study},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {1527-974X},
	shorttitle = {Application of statistical machine translation to public health information},
	doi = {10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000176},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Accurate, understandable public health information is important for ensuring the health of the nation. The large portion of the US population with Limited English Proficiency is best served by translations of public-health information into other languages. However, a large number of health departments and primary care clinics face significant barriers to fulfilling federal mandates to provide multilingual materials to Limited English Proficiency individuals. This article presents a pilot study on the feasibility of using freely available statistical machine translation technology to translate health promotion materials.
DESIGN: The authors gathered health-promotion materials in English from local and national public-health websites. Spanish versions were created by translating the documents using a freely available machine-translation website. Translations were rated for adequacy and fluency, analyzed for errors, manually corrected by a human posteditor, and compared with exclusively manual translations.
RESULTS: Machine translation plus postediting took 15-53 min per document, compared to the reported days or even weeks for the standard translation process. A blind comparison of machine-assisted and human translations of six documents revealed overall equivalency between machine-translated and manually translated materials. The analysis of translation errors indicated that the most important errors were word-sense errors.
CONCLUSION: The results indicate that machine translation plus postediting may be an effective method of producing multilingual health materials with equivalent quality but lower cost compared to manual translations.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},
	author = {Kirchhoff, Katrin and Turner, Anne M. and Axelrod, Amittai and Saavedra, Francisco},
	month = aug,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21498805},
	pmcid = {PMC3128406},
	keywords = {Automation, Consumer Health Information, Feasibility Studies, Health Promotion, Humans, Internet, Multilingualism, Pilot Projects, Translating, United States},
	pages = {473--478},
}



@article{lober_consumer_2011,
	title = {Consumer empowerment in health care amid the internet and social media},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {1878-3449},
	doi = {10.1016/j.soncn.2011.04.002},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Consumer empowerment in health and rapid change in health information and communication technologies have their roots in broader social trends. This article reviews the activities at the intersection of consumer empowerment and technology.
DATA SOURCES: Technical reports, white papers, books, journal articles, and Web sites.
CONCLUSION: Social trends are visible in the integration of information and communication technologies into health care, in both searching for and sharing information on the Internet, in the use of social media to create new types of interactions with family, providers, and peers, and in the e-patient, who integrates these new roles and new technologies.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Changes in both patients and technology will impact oncology nursing practice as new, patient-centered, interactions emerge.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Seminars in Oncology Nursing},
	author = {Lober, William B. and Flowers, Janine L.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21783008},
	keywords = {Community Participation, Health Education, Humans, Internet, Power, Psychological, Social Support},
	pages = {169--182},
}



@article{kim_addressing_2011,
	title = {Addressing mental health epidemic among university students via web-based, self-screening, and referral system: a preliminary study},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {1558-0032},
	shorttitle = {Addressing mental health epidemic among university students via web-based, self-screening, and referral system},
	doi = {10.1109/TITB.2011.2107561},
	abstract = {The prevalence and severity of mental health problems in college and university communities are alarming. However, the majority of students with mental disorders do not seek help from professionals. To help students assess their mental conditions and encourage them to take an active role in seeking care, we developed a web-based self-screening, referral, and secure communication system and evaluated it at the University of Washington for 17 months. The system handled more than 1000 screenings during the study period. Of the subjects who used the system, 75\% noted that the system helped them to make a decision to receive help from professionals. The system was able to provide outreach to students with mental health concerns effectively, allow them to self-screen their conditions, and encourage them to receive professional assistance. The system provided students with 24/7 web-based access to the clinic, and more than 50\% of the system use was made during off-hours. The system was well received by patients, referral managers, and care providers, and it was transferred to the clinic for daily clinical use. We believe that a web-based system like ours could be used as one way to tackle the growing epidemic of mental health problems among college and university students.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine: a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society},
	author = {Kim, Eung-Hun and Coumar, Anil and Lober, William B. and Kim, Yongmin},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21257386},
	keywords = {Adult, Epidemics, Female, Humans, Internet, Male, Mass Screening, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Referral and Consultation, Self Report, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities},
	pages = {301--307},
}



@article{lambdin_patient_2011,
	title = {Patient volume, human resource levels, and attrition from {HIV} treatment programs in central {Mozambique}},
	volume = {57},
	issn = {1944-7884},
	doi = {10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182167e90},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Human resource shortages are viewed as one of the primary obstacles to provide effective services to growing patient populations receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to expand ART access further. We examined the relationship of patient volume, human resource levels, and patient characteristics with attrition from HIV treatment programs in central Mozambique.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult, ART-naive, nonpregnant patients who initiated ART between January 2006 and June 2008 in the national HIV care program. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of patient volume, clinical staff burden, and pharmacy staff burden with attrition, adjusting for patient characteristics.
RESULTS: A total of 11,793 patients from 18 clinics were studied. After adjusting for patient characteristics, patients attending clinics with medium pharmacy staff burden [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39 (95\% CI: 1.07 to 1.80)] and high pharmacy staff burden [HR = 2.09 (95\% CI: 1.50 to 2.91)] tended to have a higher risk of attrition (P value for trend: {\textless}0.001). Patients attending clinics with higher clinical staff burden did not have a statistically higher risk of attrition. Patients attending clinics with medium patient volume levels [HR = 1.45 (95\% CI: 1.04 to 2.04)] and high patient volume levels [HR = 1.41 (95\% CI: 1.04 to 1.92)] had a higher risk of attrition, but the trend test was not significant (P = 0.198).
DISCUSSION: Patients attending clinics with higher pharmacy staff burden had a higher risk of attrition. These results highlight a potential area within the health system where interventions could be applied to improve the retention of these patient populations.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)},
	author = {Lambdin, Barrot H. and Micek, Mark A. and Koepsell, Thomas D. and Hughes, James P. and Sherr, Kenneth and Pfeiffer, James and Karagianis, Marina and Lara, Joseph and Gloyd, Stephen S. and Stergachis, Andy},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21372723},
	pmcid = {PMC4551473},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, Cohort Studies, Community Pharmacy Services, Female, HIV Infections, Health Services Accessibility, Health Workforce, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence, Middle Aged, Mozambique, Patient Dropouts, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult},
	pages = {e33--39},
}



@article{odegard_strengthening_2011,
	title = {Strengthening pharmaceutical care education in {Ethiopia} through instructional collaboration},
	volume = {75},
	issn = {1553-6467},
	doi = {10.5688/ajpe757134},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the development, implementation, and initial outcomes of a pharmaceutical care training-of-trainers course developed to assist Ethiopian pharmacy faculty members and graduate students in the development of curriculum and provision of pharmaceutical care services of relevance to this low-income country.
DESIGN: In this collaboration, US and Ethiopian faculty members worked together in a week-long seminar and in hospital ward rounds to develop and offer a course to facilitate faculty members, curricular, and service development in pharmaceutical care in Ethiopia.
ASSESSMENT: Assessments were conducted during the seminar, immediately post-seminar, at 3 months post-seminar, and at 1 year post-seminar. An examination was administered at the conclusion of the course to assess immediate learning outcomes for the graduate students. Post-course assessments of short-term (3-month) and longer-term (12-month) impact were conducted to identify pharmaceutical care services that had been implemented to assess knowledge and skill gained during the seminar. Correspondence between seminar participants and the US faculty members as well as graduate student thesis projects provided further evidence of changes at 3 and 12 months post-course.
CONCLUSION: Pharmaceutical care training was developed for Ethiopian faculty members through a seminar and hospital ward rounds. Enhancements have been added to curricula for bachelor in pharmacy students and select pharmaceutical care services have been implemented through master's thesis projects.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education},
	author = {Odegard, Peggy Soule and Tadeg, Hailu and Downing, Don and Mekonnen, Hailemeskel and Negussu, Mekonnen and Bartlein, Rebecca and Stergachis, Andy},
	month = sep,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21969720},
	pmcid = {PMC3175665},
	keywords = {Cooperative Behavior, Curriculum, Education, Pharmacy, Graduate, Ethiopia, Faculty, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Pharmaceutical Services, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Students, Pharmacy, Teaching, collaborative, global, pharmaceutical care, preceptor, training},
	pages = {134},
}



@article{reeder_reusable_2011,
	title = {Reusable design: a proposed approach to {Public} {Health} {Informatics} system design},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1471-2458},
	shorttitle = {Reusable design},
	doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-11-116},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since it was first defined in 1995, Public Health Informatics (PHI) has become a recognized discipline, with a research agenda, defined domain-specific competencies and a specialized corpus of technical knowledge. Information systems form a cornerstone of PHI research and implementation, representing significant progress for the nascent field. However, PHI does not advocate or incorporate standard, domain-appropriate design methods for implementing public health information systems. Reusable design is generalized design advice that can be reused in a range of similar contexts. We propose that PHI create and reuse information design knowledge by taking a systems approach that incorporates design methods from the disciplines of Human-Computer Interaction, Interaction Design and other related disciplines.
DISCUSSION: Although PHI operates in a domain with unique characteristics, many design problems in public health correspond to classic design problems, suggesting that existing design methods and solution approaches are applicable to the design of public health information systems. Among the numerous methodological frameworks used in other disciplines, we identify scenario-based design and participatory design as two widely-employed methodologies that are appropriate for adoption as PHI standards. We make the case that these methods show promise to create reusable design knowledge in PHI.
SUMMARY: We propose the formalization of a set of standard design methods within PHI that can be used to pursue a strategy of design knowledge creation and reuse for cost-effective, interoperable public health information systems. We suggest that all public health informaticians should be able to use these design methods and the methods should be incorporated into PHI training.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC public health},
	author = {Reeder, Blaine and Hills, Rebecca A. and Demiris, George and Revere, Debra and Pina, Jamie},
	month = feb,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21333000},
	pmcid = {PMC3053242},
	keywords = {Europe, Humans, Program Development, Public Health Informatics, United States},
	pages = {116},
}



@article{payne_national-scale_2011,
	title = {National-scale clinical information exchange in the {United} {Kingdom}: lessons for the {United} {States}},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {1527-974X},
	shorttitle = {National-scale clinical information exchange in the {United} {Kingdom}},
	doi = {10.1136/jamia.2010.005611},
	abstract = {Over the last four decades, the UK has made large investments in healthcare information technology. The authors conducted interviews and reviewed published and unpublished documents to describe national-scale clinical information exchange in England, how it was achieved, and the problems experienced that the USA might avoid. Clinical information exchange in the UK was accomplished by establishing a foundation of policy, infrastructure, and systems of care, by creating and acquiring clinical computing applications and with strong use of financial and clinical incentives. Many software and hardware vendors played a part in this effort; they participated in a national framework created by the NHS in which standards for exchange are specified and their applications designed to make clinical information exchange part of normal practice. Great potential exists for cost reduction, increased safety, and greater patient involvement as a result of clinical information exchange.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},
	author = {Payne, Thomas H. and Detmer, Don E. and Wyatt, Jeremy C. and Buchan, Iain E.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21134976},
	pmcid = {PMC3005869},
	keywords = {Electronic Health Records, General Practice, Health Plan Implementation, Humans, Medical Record Linkage, Models, Organizational, Practice Patterns, Physicians', State Medicine, Technology Assessment, Biomedical, United Kingdom, United States},
	pages = {91--98},
}



@article{reeder_scenario-based_2011,
	title = {Scenario-based design: a method for connecting information system design with public health operations and emergency management},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {1532-0480},
	shorttitle = {Scenario-based design},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2011.07.004},
	abstract = {Responding to public health emergencies requires rapid and accurate assessment of workforce availability under adverse and changing circumstances. However, public health information systems to support resource management during both routine and emergency operations are currently lacking. We applied scenario-based design as an approach to engage public health practitioners in the creation and validation of an information design to support routine and emergency public health activities.
METHODS: Using semi-structured interviews we identified the information needs and activities of senior public health managers of a large municipal health department during routine and emergency operations.
RESULTS: Interview analysis identified 25 information needs for public health operations management. The identified information needs were used in conjunction with scenario-based design to create 25 scenarios of use and a public health manager persona. Scenarios of use and persona were validated and modified based on follow-up surveys with study participants. Scenarios were used to test and gain feedback on a pilot information system.
CONCLUSION: The method of scenario-based design was applied to represent the resource management needs of senior-level public health managers under routine and disaster settings. Scenario-based design can be a useful tool for engaging public health practitioners in the design process and to validate an information system design.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Informatics},
	author = {Reeder, Blaine and Turner, Anne M.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21807120},
	pmcid = {PMC3226920},
	keywords = {Communication, Disaster Planning, Emergencies, Health Services Administration, Humans, Information Dissemination, Information Systems, Interviews as Topic, Public Health Administration, Research Design},
	pages = {978--988},
}



@inproceedings{revere_framework_2011,
	address = {Washington DC},
	title = {A framework for novel population health decision support technology for the bidirectional transmission of clinician case reporting},
	author = {Revere, Debra and Friedlin, J and Gamache, R and Grannis, S},
	month = oct,
	year = {2011},
}



@article{revere_public_2011,
	title = {Public health emergency preparedness and response communications with health care providers: a literature review},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1471-2458},
	shorttitle = {Public health emergency preparedness and response communications with health care providers},
	doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-11-337},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care providers (HCPs) play an important role in public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) so need to be aware of public health threats and emergencies. To inform HCPs, public health issues PHEPR messages that provide guidelines and updates, and facilitate surveillance so HCPs will recognize and control communicable diseases, prevent excess deaths and mitigate suffering. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. We conducted a literature review to investigate the systems and tools used by public health to generate PHEPR communications to HCPs, and to identify specific characteristics of message delivery mechanisms and formats that may be associated with effective PHEPR communications.
METHODS: A systematic review of peer- and non-peer-reviewed literature focused on the following questions: 1) What public health systems exist for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs? 2) Have these systems been evaluated and, if yes, what criteria were used to evaluate these systems? 3) What have these evaluations discovered about characterizations of the most effective ways for public health agencies to communicate PHEPR messages to HCPs?
RESULTS: We identified 25 systems or tools for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs. Few articles assessed PHEPR communication systems or messaging methods or outcomes. Only one study compared the effectiveness of the delivery format, device or message itself. We also discovered that the potential is high for HCPs to experience "message overload" given redundancy of PHEPR messaging in multiple formats and/or through different delivery systems.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that detailed descriptions of PHEPR messaging from public health to HCPs are scarce in the literature and, even when available are rarely evaluated in any systematic fashion. To meet present-day and future information needs for emergency preparedness, more attention needs to be given to evaluating the effectiveness of these systems in a scientifically rigorous manner.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC public health},
	author = {Revere, Debra and Nelson, Kailey and Thiede, Hanne and Duchin, Jeffrey and Stergachis, Andy and Baseman, Janet},
	month = may,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21592390},
	pmcid = {PMC3121631},
	keywords = {Civil Defense, Communicable Diseases, Disaster Planning, Health Personnel, Humans, Persuasive Communication, Public Health},
	pages = {337},
}



@article{reeder_perceived_2011,
	title = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system: a pilot qualitative evaluation study},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {1756-0500},
	shorttitle = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system},
	doi = {10.1186/1756-0500-4-187},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot utility evaluation and information needs assessment of the Distribute Project at the 2010 Washington State Public Health Association (WSPHA) Joint Conference. Distribute is a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system and network for detection of influenza-like illness (ILI). Using qualitative methods, we assessed the perceived usefulness of the Distribute system and explored areas for improvement. Nine state and local public health professionals participated in a focus group (n = 6) and in semi-structured interviews (n = 3). Field notes were taken, summarized and analyzed.
FINDINGS: Several emergent themes that contribute to the perceived usefulness of system data and the Distribute system were identified: 1) Standardization: a common ILI syndrome definition; 2) Regional Comparability: views that support county-by-county comparisons of syndromic surveillance data; 3) Completeness: complete data for all expected data at a given time; 4) Coverage: data coverage of all jurisdictions in WA state; 5) CONTEXT: metadata incorporated into the views to provide context for graphed data; 6) Trusted Data: verification that information is valid and timely; and 7) Customization: the ability to customize views as necessary. As a result of the focus group, a new county level health jurisdiction expressed interest in contributing data to the Distribute system.
CONCLUSION: The resulting themes from this study can be used to guide future information design efforts for the Distribute system and other syndromic surveillance systems. In addition, this study demonstrates the benefits of conducting a low cost, qualitative evaluation at a professional conference.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC research notes},
	author = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Olson, Donald R. and Lober, William B.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21672242},
	pmcid = {PMC3146436},
	pages = {187},
}



@article{meranus_assessing_2012,
	title = {Assessing vaccine safety communication with healthcare providers in a large urban county},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {1099-1557},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.2245},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: Vaccination is the primary public health tool for influenza control. Rapid assessment of the safety of any widely disseminated pandemic influenza vaccine is a public health priority. This study identifies practices, strengths, and weaknesses of vaccine-associated adverse event (AE) reporting to inform public health systems improvement.
METHODS: A survey was developed with local and state health agencies' input. After pre-testing, the survey was distributed online and via mail to a random sample of King County, WA, healthcare professionals, composed of 60 commercial vaccinator employees and school health nurses, 500 physicians, and 300 pharmacists.
RESULTS: The response rate was 36\%. Results indicate that if an AE was suspected, 17\% of respondents would not know how to report it, with 61\% of respondents citing unclear definitions of a reportable AE as a barrier and 18\% of respondents unaware of whose responsibility it is to report an AE.
CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals who provide immunizations need additional information on their role in vaccine safety and AE reporting. Strengthening both passive and active reporting systems can enhance surveillance efforts during real-time events, such as mass immunization during a pandemic and other large-scale emergency countermeasure distribution programs.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Meranus, Dana and Stergachis, Andy and Arnold, Jenny and Duchin, Jeffrey},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {21956894},
	keywords = {Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Communication Barriers, Drug Hypersensitivity, Health Personnel, Humans, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population, Vaccines, Washington},
	pages = {269--275},
}



@article{sangare_patterns_2011,
	title = {Patterns of anti-malarial drug treatment among pregnant women in {Uganda}},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1475-2875},
	doi = {10.1186/1475-2875-10-152},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prompt use of an effective anti-malarial drug is essential for controlling malaria and its adverse effects in pregnancy. The World Health Organization recommends an artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The study objective was to determine the degree to which presumed episodes of uncomplicated symptomatic malaria in pregnancy were treated with a recommended anti-malarial regimen in a region of Uganda.
METHODS: Utilizing a population-based random sample, we interviewed women living in Jinja, Uganda who had been pregnant in the past year.
RESULTS: Self-reported malaria during the index pregnancy was reported among 67\% (n = 334) of the 500 participants. Among the 637 self-reported episodes of malaria, an anti-malarial drug was used for treatment in 85\% of the episodes. Use of a currently recommended treatment in the first trimester was uncommon (5.6\%). A contraindicated anti-malarial drug (sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and/or artemether-lumefantrine) was involved in 70\% of first trimester episodes. Recommended anti-malarials were used according to the guidelines in only 30.1\% of all second and third trimester episodes.
CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported malaria was extremely common in this population and adherence to treatment guidelines for the management of malaria in pregnancy was poor. Use of artemether-lumefantrine combined with non-recommended anti-malarials was common practice. Overuse of anti-malarial drugs, especially ones that are no longer recommended, undermines malaria control efforts by fueling the spread of drug resistance and delaying appropriate treatment of non-malarial febrile illnesses. Improved diagnostic capacity is essential to ultimately improving the management of malaria-like symptoms during pregnancy and appropriate use of currently available anti-malarials.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Malaria Journal},
	author = {Sangaré, Laura R. and Weiss, Noel S. and Brentlinger, Paula E. and Richardson, Barbra A. and Staedke, Sarah G. and Kiwuwa, Mpungu S. and Stergachis, Andy},
	month = jun,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21645402},
	pmcid = {PMC3118160},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Antimalarials, Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination, Artemisinins, Drug Combinations, Ethanolamines, Female, Fluorenes, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Malaria, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Uganda, Young Adult},
	pages = {152},
}



@article{turner_patient-held_2011,
	title = {Patient-{Held} {Maternal} and/or {Child} {Health} {Records}: {Meeting} the {Information} {Needs} of {Patients} and {Healthcare} {Providers} in {Developing} {Countries}?},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {1947-2579},
	shorttitle = {Patient-{Held} {Maternal} and/or {Child} {Health} {Records}},
	doi = {10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3631},
	abstract = {Though improvements in infant and maternal mortality rates have occurred over time, women and children still die every hour from preventable causes. Various regional, social and economic factors are involved in the ability of women and children to receive adequate care and prevention services. Patient-held maternal and/or child health records have been used for a number of years in many countries to help track health risks, vaccinations and other preventative health measures performed. Though these records are primarily designed to record patient histories and healthcare information and guide healthcare workers providing care, because the records are patient-held, they also allow families a greater ability to track their own health and prevention strategies. A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS PERFORMED TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS: (1) What are maternal information needs regarding pregnancy, post-natal and infant healthcare, especially in developing countries? (2) What is known about maternal information seeking behavior in developing countries? (3) What is the history and current state of maternal and/or child patient-held healthcare records, do they provide for the information needs of the healthcare provider and what are the effects and outcomes of patient-held records in general and for maternal and/or child health in particular? Specific information needs of pregnant women and mothers are rarely studied. The small numbers of maternal information behavior results available indicate that mothers, in general, prefer to receive health information directly from their healthcare provider as opposed to from other sources (written, etc.) Overall, in developing countries, patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records have a mostly positive effect for both patient and care provider. Mothers and children with records tend to have better outcomes in healthcare and preventative measures. Further research into the information behaviors of pregnant women and mothers to determine the extent of reliance on interpersonal information seeking is recommended before expending significant resources on enhanced patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records including storage on mobile devices. In particular, research is needed to explore the utility of providing targeted health messages to mothers regarding their own health and that of their children; this might best be accomplished through mobile technologies.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},
	author = {Turner, Kathleen E. and Fuller, Sherrilynne},
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {23569604},
	pmcid = {PMC3615781},
	keywords = {Child Health Services, Developing Countries, Information Seeking Behavior, Maternal Health Services, Medical Records},
	pages = {ojphi.v3i2.3631},
}
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B.; Lorigan, D; Karras, B. T.; Revere, D.;  and Baseman, J. G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>JAMIA</i>.  2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/segal-lober-lorigan-karras-revere-baseman-tradingoffprivacyandutilitythewashingtonstateexperienceassessingtheperformanceofapublichealthdigitalexposurenotificationsystemforcovid19acceptedforpublication-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('segal-lober-lorigan-karras-revere-baseman-tradingoffprivacyandutilitythewashingtonstateexperienceassessingtheperformanceofapublichealthdigitalexposurenotificationsystemforcovid19acceptedforpublication-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{segal_trading_2022,\n\ttitle = {Trading off privacy and utility: {The} {Washington} {State} experience assessing the performance of a public health digital exposure notification system for {COVID}-19 [{Accepted} for {Publication}]},\n\tjournal = {JAMIA},\n\tauthor = {Segal, C and Lober, W. B. and Lorigan, D and Karras, B. T. and Revere, D. and Baseman, J. G.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baseman-karras-revere-engagementinprotectivebehaviorsbydigitalexposurenotificationusersduringthecovid19pandemicwashingtonstatejanuaryjune2021-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Engagement in Protective Behaviors by Digital Exposure Notification Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Washington State, January-June 2021.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Baseman, J. G.; Karras, B. T.;  and Revere, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)</i>,333549221110301. August 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/00333549221110301\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baseman-karras-revere-engagementinprotectivebehaviorsbydigitalexposurenotificationusersduringthecovid19pandemicwashingtonstatejanuaryjune2021-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/00333549221110301', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baseman-karras-revere-engagementinprotectivebehaviorsbydigitalexposurenotificationusersduringthecovid19pandemicwashingtonstatejanuaryjune2021-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>2 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baseman-karras-revere-engagementinprotectivebehaviorsbydigitalexposurenotificationusersduringthecovid19pandemicwashingtonstatejanuaryjune2021-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{baseman_engagement_2022,\n\ttitle = {Engagement in {Protective} {Behaviors} by {Digital} {Exposure} {Notification} {Users} {During} the {COVID}-19 {Pandemic}, {Washington} {State}, {January}-{June} 2021},\n\tissn = {1468-2877},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/00333549221110301},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: Smartphone-based digital exposure notification (EN) tools were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic to supplement strained case investigation and contact tracing efforts. We examined the influence of an EN tool implemented in Washington State, WA Notify, on user engagement in behaviors that protect against COVID-19 transmission.\nMETHODS: From January 25 through June 30, 2021, we administered 2 surveys to WA Notify users who received notification of a possible COVID-19 exposure. The initial survey, sent when users received a notification, focused on intent to engage in protective behaviors. The follow-up survey captured data on self-reported actual engagement in protective behaviors and contact by a public health contact tracer.\nRESULTS: Of 1507 WA Notify users who completed the initial survey, 40.1\\% (n = 604) reported intending to seek COVID-19 testing and 67.1\\% (n = 1011) intended to watch for COVID-19 symptoms. Of 407 respondents to the follow-up survey, 57.5\\% (n = 234) reported getting tested and 84.3\\% (n = 343) reported watching for COVID-19 symptoms. Approximately 84\\% (n = 1266) of respondents to the initial survey received a notification from WA Notify before being reached by public health contact tracers; on follow-up, 42.5\\% (n = 173) of respondents reported never being contacted by public health.\nCONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that WA Notify users may initiate protective behaviors earlier than nonusers who will not know of an exposure until notified by public health or by a known contact. Digital EN tools may be a valuable addition to existing public health outbreak investigation and response activities.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)},\n\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet G. and Karras, Bryant T. and Revere, Debra},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpmid = {35915982},\n\tkeywords = {COVID-19, contact tracing, exposure notification, mobile applications, quarantine},\n\tpages = {333549221110301},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVES: Smartphone-based digital exposure notification (EN) tools were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic to supplement strained case investigation and contact tracing efforts. We examined the influence of an EN tool implemented in Washington State, WA Notify, on user engagement in behaviors that protect against COVID-19 transmission. METHODS: From January 25 through June 30, 2021, we administered 2 surveys to WA Notify users who received notification of a possible COVID-19 exposure. The initial survey, sent when users received a notification, focused on intent to engage in protective behaviors. The follow-up survey captured data on self-reported actual engagement in protective behaviors and contact by a public health contact tracer. RESULTS: Of 1507 WA Notify users who completed the initial survey, 40.1% (n = 604) reported intending to seek COVID-19 testing and 67.1% (n = 1011) intended to watch for COVID-19 symptoms. Of 407 respondents to the follow-up survey, 57.5% (n = 234) reported getting tested and 84.3% (n = 343) reported watching for COVID-19 symptoms. Approximately 84% (n = 1266) of respondents to the initial survey received a notification from WA Notify before being reached by public health contact tracers; on follow-up, 42.5% (n = 173) of respondents reported never being contacted by public health. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that WA Notify users may initiate protective behaviors earlier than nonusers who will not know of an exposure until notified by public health or by a known contact. Digital EN tools may be a valuable addition to existing public health outbreak investigation and response activities.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2020\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2020</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pett-mancl-revere-stergachis-prescriptiondrugmonitoringprogramuseandutilitybywashingtonstatepharmacistsamixedmethodsstudy-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Prescription drug monitoring program use and utility by Washington State pharmacists: A mixed-methods study.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pett, R. G.; Mancl, L.; Revere, D.;  and Stergachis, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA</i>, 60(1): 57–65. February 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2019.09.016\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pett-mancl-revere-stergachis-prescriptiondrugmonitoringprogramuseandutilitybywashingtonstatepharmacistsamixedmethodsstudy-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2019.09.016', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pett-mancl-revere-stergachis-prescriptiondrugmonitoringprogramuseandutilitybywashingtonstatepharmacistsamixedmethodsstudy-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pett-mancl-revere-stergachis-prescriptiondrugmonitoringprogramuseandutilitybywashingtonstatepharmacistsamixedmethodsstudy-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{pett_prescription_2020,\n\ttitle = {Prescription drug monitoring program use and utility by {Washington} {State} pharmacists: {A} mixed-methods study},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tissn = {1544-3450},\n\tshorttitle = {Prescription drug monitoring program use and utility by {Washington} {State} pharmacists},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.japh.2019.09.016},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: To explore factors and situations that influence pharmacists to use the prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) and to characterize actions taken by pharmacists after alarming scenarios from a PDMP query.\nDESIGN: Explanatory sequential 2-phase mixed-methods design: (1) cross-sectional Web-based survey of Washington State pharmacists followed by (2) interviews with purposefully selected respondents to explore statistically significant quantitative findings.\nSETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in Washington State from September 2018 to February 2019. A total of 967 Washington State pharmacists from various practice settings, including inpatient and outpatient pharmacies, participated. Ten outpatient pharmacists were interviewed in the second phase.\nOUTCOME MEASURES: The pharmacists reported the frequency of PDMP use, opinion on the usefulness of PDMP, and action(s) taken after a concerning PDMP report.\nRESULTS: The usable response rate for pharmacists with a PDMP account was 17.6\\% (818/4659), and usable response rate for all pharmacists was 10.4\\% (967/9263). PDMP use varied by race, practice setting, and employer policy on PDMP use. Among the 818 PDMP users, 396 (48\\%) used the database at least once during a shift. Frequent PDMP users were more likely to recommend naloxone compared with less frequent users (adjusted odds ratio 1.70 [95\\% CI 1.09-2.65], P = 0.02). The following 3 interview themes were identified: time, company policy, and red flags.\nCONCLUSION: PDMP has value to pharmacists of all practice settings studied. Frequent PDMP use may facilitate more pharmacist interventions, such as a naloxone prescription.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA},\n\tauthor = {Pett, Ryan G. and Mancl, Lloyd and Revere, Debra and Stergachis, Andy},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {31753615},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Controlled Substances, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmacists, Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs, Washington, Young Adult},\n\tpages = {57--65},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVES: To explore factors and situations that influence pharmacists to use the prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) and to characterize actions taken by pharmacists after alarming scenarios from a PDMP query. DESIGN: Explanatory sequential 2-phase mixed-methods design: (1) cross-sectional Web-based survey of Washington State pharmacists followed by (2) interviews with purposefully selected respondents to explore statistically significant quantitative findings. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in Washington State from September 2018 to February 2019. A total of 967 Washington State pharmacists from various practice settings, including inpatient and outpatient pharmacies, participated. Ten outpatient pharmacists were interviewed in the second phase. OUTCOME MEASURES: The pharmacists reported the frequency of PDMP use, opinion on the usefulness of PDMP, and action(s) taken after a concerning PDMP report. RESULTS: The usable response rate for pharmacists with a PDMP account was 17.6% (818/4659), and usable response rate for all pharmacists was 10.4% (967/9263). PDMP use varied by race, practice setting, and employer policy on PDMP use. Among the 818 PDMP users, 396 (48%) used the database at least once during a shift. Frequent PDMP users were more likely to recommend naloxone compared with less frequent users (adjusted odds ratio 1.70 [95% CI 1.09-2.65], P = 0.02). The following 3 interview themes were identified: time, company policy, and red flags. CONCLUSION: PDMP has value to pharmacists of all practice settings studied. Frequent PDMP use may facilitate more pharmacist interventions, such as a naloxone prescription.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dixon-zhang-arno-revere-josephgibson-grannis-improvingnotifiablediseasecasereportingthroughelectronicinformationexchangefacilitateddecisionsupportacontrolledbeforeandaftertrial-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Improving Notifiable Disease Case Reporting Through Electronic Information Exchange-Facilitated Decision Support: A Controlled Before-and-After Trial.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dixon, B. E.; Zhang, Z.; Arno, J. N.; Revere, D.; Joseph Gibson, P.;  and Grannis, S. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)</i>, 135(3): 401–410. June 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0033354920914318\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dixon-zhang-arno-revere-josephgibson-grannis-improvingnotifiablediseasecasereportingthroughelectronicinformationexchangefacilitateddecisionsupportacontrolledbeforeandaftertrial-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0033354920914318', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dixon-zhang-arno-revere-josephgibson-grannis-improvingnotifiablediseasecasereportingthroughelectronicinformationexchangefacilitateddecisionsupportacontrolledbeforeandaftertrial-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dixon-zhang-arno-revere-josephgibson-grannis-improvingnotifiablediseasecasereportingthroughelectronicinformationexchangefacilitateddecisionsupportacontrolledbeforeandaftertrial-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{dixon_improving_2020,\n\ttitle = {Improving {Notifiable} {Disease} {Case} {Reporting} {Through} {Electronic} {Information} {Exchange}-{Facilitated} {Decision} {Support}: {A} {Controlled} {Before}-and-{After} {Trial}},\n\tvolume = {135},\n\tissn = {1468-2877},\n\tshorttitle = {Improving {Notifiable} {Disease} {Case} {Reporting} {Through} {Electronic} {Information} {Exchange}-{Facilitated} {Decision} {Support}},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0033354920914318},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: Outbreak detection and disease control may be improved by simplified, semi-automated reporting of notifiable diseases to public health authorities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an electronic, prepopulated notifiable disease report form on case reporting rates by ambulatory care clinics to public health authorities.\nMETHODS: We conducted a 2-year (2012-2014) controlled before-and-after trial of a health information exchange (HIE) intervention in Indiana designed to prepopulate notifiable disease reporting forms to providers. We analyzed data collected from electronic prepopulated reports and &quot;usual care&quot; (paper, fax) reports submitted to a local health department for 7 conditions by using a difference-in-differences model. Primary outcomes were changes in reporting rates, completeness, and timeliness between intervention and control clinics.\nRESULTS: Provider reporting rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea in intervention clinics increased significantly from 56.9\\% and 55.6\\%, respectively, during the baseline period (2012) to 66.4\\% and 58.3\\%, respectively, during the intervention period (2013-2014); they decreased from 28.8\\% and 27.5\\%, respectively, to 21.7\\% and 20.6\\%, respectively, in control clinics (P {\\textless} .001). Completeness improved from baseline to intervention for 4 of 15 fields in reports from intervention clinics (P {\\textless} .001), although mean completeness improved for 11 fields in both intervention and control clinics. Timeliness improved for both intervention and control clinics; however, reports from control clinics were timelier (mean, 7.9 days) than reports from intervention clinics (mean, 9.7 days).\nCONCLUSIONS: Electronic, prepopulated case reporting forms integrated into providers&#x27; workflow, enabled by an HIE network, can be effective in increasing notifiable disease reporting rates and completeness of information. However, it was difficult to assess the effect of using the forms for diseases with low prevalence (eg, salmonellosis, histoplasmosis).},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)},\n\tauthor = {Dixon, Brian E. and Zhang, Zuoyi and Arno, Janet N. and Revere, Debra and Joseph Gibson, P. and Grannis, Shaun J.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpmid = {32250707},\n\tpmcid = {PMC7238703},\n\tkeywords = {Ambulatory Care Facilities, Controlled Before-After Studies, Data Collection, Disease Notification, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Humans, Indiana, Population Surveillance, Socioeconomic Factors, health information exchange, infectious disease reporting, public health surveillance},\n\tpages = {401--410},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVE: Outbreak detection and disease control may be improved by simplified, semi-automated reporting of notifiable diseases to public health authorities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an electronic, prepopulated notifiable disease report form on case reporting rates by ambulatory care clinics to public health authorities. METHODS: We conducted a 2-year (2012-2014) controlled before-and-after trial of a health information exchange (HIE) intervention in Indiana designed to prepopulate notifiable disease reporting forms to providers. We analyzed data collected from electronic prepopulated reports and \"usual care\" (paper, fax) reports submitted to a local health department for 7 conditions by using a difference-in-differences model. Primary outcomes were changes in reporting rates, completeness, and timeliness between intervention and control clinics. RESULTS: Provider reporting rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea in intervention clinics increased significantly from 56.9% and 55.6%, respectively, during the baseline period (2012) to 66.4% and 58.3%, respectively, during the intervention period (2013-2014); they decreased from 28.8% and 27.5%, respectively, to 21.7% and 20.6%, respectively, in control clinics (P \\textless .001). Completeness improved from baseline to intervention for 4 of 15 fields in reports from intervention clinics (P \\textless .001), although mean completeness improved for 11 fields in both intervention and control clinics. Timeliness improved for both intervention and control clinics; however, reports from control clinics were timelier (mean, 7.9 days) than reports from intervention clinics (mean, 9.7 days). CONCLUSIONS: Electronic, prepopulated case reporting forms integrated into providers' workflow, enabled by an HIE network, can be effective in increasing notifiable disease reporting rates and completeness of information. However, it was difficult to assess the effect of using the forms for diseases with low prevalence (eg, salmonellosis, histoplasmosis).\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2019\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2019</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wood-rogers-frost-revere-rose-dambrosio-enhancingaccesstoqualityonlinetrainingtostrengthenpublichealthpreparednessandresponse-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Enhancing Access to Quality Online Training to Strengthen Public Health Preparedness and Response.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wood, S. J.; Rogers, M. H.; Frost, M. C.; Revere, D.; Rose, B. A.;  and DʼAmbrosio, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP</i>, 25(6): E1–E9. December 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000811\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wood-rogers-frost-revere-rose-dambrosio-enhancingaccesstoqualityonlinetrainingtostrengthenpublichealthpreparednessandresponse-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000811', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wood-rogers-frost-revere-rose-dambrosio-enhancingaccesstoqualityonlinetrainingtostrengthenpublichealthpreparednessandresponse-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wood-rogers-frost-revere-rose-dambrosio-enhancingaccesstoqualityonlinetrainingtostrengthenpublichealthpreparednessandresponse-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wood_enhancing_2019,\n\ttitle = {Enhancing {Access} to {Quality} {Online} {Training} to {Strengthen} {Public} {Health} {Preparedness} and {Response}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {1550-5022},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/PHH.0000000000000811},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: To improve access to quality online training materials developed from 2010 to 2015 by 14 Preparedness and Emergency Response Learning Centers (PERLCs) by creating quality standards and enhancing searchability through a new Web-based public health training catalog.\nMETHODS: The PERLC-developed training materials (n = 530) were evaluated for their capability to support development of preparedness competencies as established by 2 evidence-based competency frameworks. Inclusion/exclusion criteria and evaluation guidelines regarding training quality (design, technology, and instructional components) were systematically applied to PERLC products to create a training catalog. Twenty emergency preparedness professionals pilot tested content and provided feedback to improve catalog design and function.\nRESULTS: Seventy-eight percent of PERLC resources (n = 413) met our quality standards for inclusion in the catalog&#x27;s searchable database: 358 self-paced courses, 55 informational briefs, and other materials. Twenty-one training bundles were curated.\nDISCUSSION: We established quality guidelines, identified strengths and weaknesses in PERLC resources, and improved accessibility to trainings. Guidelines established by this work can be generalized to trainings outside the preparedness domain. Enhancing access to quality training resources can serve as a valuable tool for increasing emergency preparedness competence.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP},\n\tauthor = {Wood, Suzanne J. and Rogers, Megan H. and Frost, Madeline C. and Revere, Debra and Rose, Barbara A. and DʼAmbrosio, Luann},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpmid = {31589183},\n\tpmcid = {PMC6791563},\n\tkeywords = {Civil Defense, Education, Distance, Education, Public Health Professional, Formative Feedback, Humans, Internet},\n\tpages = {E1--E9},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVES: To improve access to quality online training materials developed from 2010 to 2015 by 14 Preparedness and Emergency Response Learning Centers (PERLCs) by creating quality standards and enhancing searchability through a new Web-based public health training catalog. METHODS: The PERLC-developed training materials (n = 530) were evaluated for their capability to support development of preparedness competencies as established by 2 evidence-based competency frameworks. Inclusion/exclusion criteria and evaluation guidelines regarding training quality (design, technology, and instructional components) were systematically applied to PERLC products to create a training catalog. Twenty emergency preparedness professionals pilot tested content and provided feedback to improve catalog design and function. RESULTS: Seventy-eight percent of PERLC resources (n = 413) met our quality standards for inclusion in the catalog's searchable database: 358 self-paced courses, 55 informational briefs, and other materials. Twenty-one training bundles were curated. DISCUSSION: We established quality guidelines, identified strengths and weaknesses in PERLC resources, and improved accessibility to trainings. Guidelines established by this work can be generalized to trainings outside the preparedness domain. Enhancing access to quality training resources can serve as a valuable tool for increasing emergency preparedness competence.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2018\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2018</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kloehn-leroy-kauchak-gu-colina-yuan-revere-improvingconsumerunderstandingofmedicaltextdevelopmentandvalidationofanewsubsimplifyalgorithmtoautomaticallygeneratetermexplanationsinenglishandspanish-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Improving Consumer Understanding of Medical Text: Development and Validation of a New SubSimplify Algorithm to Automatically Generate Term Explanations in English and Spanish.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kloehn, N.; Leroy, G.; Kauchak, D.; Gu, Y.; Colina, S.; Yuan, N. P.;  and Revere, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Medical Internet Research</i>, 20(8): e10779. August 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2196/10779\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kloehn-leroy-kauchak-gu-colina-yuan-revere-improvingconsumerunderstandingofmedicaltextdevelopmentandvalidationofanewsubsimplifyalgorithmtoautomaticallygeneratetermexplanationsinenglishandspanish-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.2196/10779', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kloehn-leroy-kauchak-gu-colina-yuan-revere-improvingconsumerunderstandingofmedicaltextdevelopmentandvalidationofanewsubsimplifyalgorithmtoautomaticallygeneratetermexplanationsinenglishandspanish-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kloehn-leroy-kauchak-gu-colina-yuan-revere-improvingconsumerunderstandingofmedicaltextdevelopmentandvalidationofanewsubsimplifyalgorithmtoautomaticallygeneratetermexplanationsinenglishandspanish-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kloehn_improving_2018,\n\ttitle = {Improving {Consumer} {Understanding} of {Medical} {Text}: {Development} and {Validation} of a {New} {SubSimplify} {Algorithm} to {Automatically} {Generate} {Term} {Explanations} in {English} and {Spanish}},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1438-8871},\n\tshorttitle = {Improving {Consumer} {Understanding} of {Medical} {Text}},\n\tdoi = {10.2196/10779},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: While health literacy is important for people to maintain good health and manage diseases, medical educational texts are often written beyond the reading level of the average individual. To mitigate this disconnect, text simplification research provides methods to increase readability and, therefore, comprehension. One method of text simplification is to isolate particularly difficult terms within a document and replace them with easier synonyms (lexical simplification) or an explanation in plain language (semantic simplification). Unfortunately, existing dictionaries are seldom complete, and consequently, resources for many difficult terms are unavailable. This is the case for English and Spanish resources.\nOBJECTIVE: Our objective was to automatically generate explanations for difficult terms in both English and Spanish when they are not covered by existing resources. The system we present combines existing resources for explanation generation using a novel algorithm (SubSimplify) to create additional explanations.\nMETHODS: SubSimplify uses word-level parsing techniques and specialized medical affix dictionaries to identify the morphological units of a term and then source their definitions. While the underlying resources are different, SubSimplify applies the same principles in both languages. To evaluate our approach, we used term familiarity to identify difficult terms in English and Spanish and then generated explanations for them. For each language, we extracted 400 difficult terms from two different article types (General and Medical topics) balanced for frequency. For English terms, we compared SubSimplify&#x27;s explanation with the explanations from the Consumer Health Vocabulary, WordNet Synonyms and Summaries, as well as Word Embedding Vector (WEV) synonyms. For Spanish terms, we compared the explanation to WordNet Summaries and WEV Embedding synonyms. We evaluated quality, coverage, and usefulness for the simplification provided for each term. Quality is the average score from two subject experts on a 1-4 Likert scale (two per language) for the synonyms or explanations provided by the source. Coverage is the number of terms for which a source could provide an explanation. Usefulness is the same expert score, however, with a 0 assigned when no explanations or synonyms were available for a term.\nRESULTS: SubSimplify resulted in quality scores of 1.64 for English (P{\\textless}.001) and 1.49 for Spanish (P{\\textless}.001), which were lower than those of existing resources (Consumer Health Vocabulary [CHV]=2.81). However, in coverage, SubSimplify outperforms all existing written resources, increasing the coverage from 53.0\\% to 80.5\\% in English and from 20.8\\% to 90.8\\% in Spanish (P{\\textless}.001). This result means that the usefulness score of SubSimplify (1.32; P{\\textless}.001) is greater than that of most existing resources (eg, CHV=0.169).\nCONCLUSIONS: Our approach is intended as an additional resource to existing, manually created resources. It greatly increases the number of difficult terms for which an easier alternative can be made available, resulting in greater actual usefulness.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},\n\tauthor = {Kloehn, Nicholas and Leroy, Gondy and Kauchak, David and Gu, Yang and Colina, Sonia and Yuan, Nicole P. and Revere, Debra},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {30072361},\n\tpmcid = {PMC6096166},\n\tkeywords = {Algorithms, Comprehension, Health Literacy, Humans, Language, Semantics, Validation Studies as Topic, health literacy, natural language processing, terminology, text simplification},\n\tpages = {e10779},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: While health literacy is important for people to maintain good health and manage diseases, medical educational texts are often written beyond the reading level of the average individual. To mitigate this disconnect, text simplification research provides methods to increase readability and, therefore, comprehension. One method of text simplification is to isolate particularly difficult terms within a document and replace them with easier synonyms (lexical simplification) or an explanation in plain language (semantic simplification). Unfortunately, existing dictionaries are seldom complete, and consequently, resources for many difficult terms are unavailable. This is the case for English and Spanish resources. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to automatically generate explanations for difficult terms in both English and Spanish when they are not covered by existing resources. The system we present combines existing resources for explanation generation using a novel algorithm (SubSimplify) to create additional explanations. METHODS: SubSimplify uses word-level parsing techniques and specialized medical affix dictionaries to identify the morphological units of a term and then source their definitions. While the underlying resources are different, SubSimplify applies the same principles in both languages. To evaluate our approach, we used term familiarity to identify difficult terms in English and Spanish and then generated explanations for them. For each language, we extracted 400 difficult terms from two different article types (General and Medical topics) balanced for frequency. For English terms, we compared SubSimplify's explanation with the explanations from the Consumer Health Vocabulary, WordNet Synonyms and Summaries, as well as Word Embedding Vector (WEV) synonyms. For Spanish terms, we compared the explanation to WordNet Summaries and WEV Embedding synonyms. We evaluated quality, coverage, and usefulness for the simplification provided for each term. Quality is the average score from two subject experts on a 1-4 Likert scale (two per language) for the synonyms or explanations provided by the source. Coverage is the number of terms for which a source could provide an explanation. Usefulness is the same expert score, however, with a 0 assigned when no explanations or synonyms were available for a term. RESULTS: SubSimplify resulted in quality scores of 1.64 for English (P\\textless.001) and 1.49 for Spanish (P\\textless.001), which were lower than those of existing resources (Consumer Health Vocabulary [CHV]=2.81). However, in coverage, SubSimplify outperforms all existing written resources, increasing the coverage from 53.0% to 80.5% in English and from 20.8% to 90.8% in Spanish (P\\textless.001). This result means that the usefulness score of SubSimplify (1.32; P\\textless.001) is greater than that of most existing resources (eg, CHV=0.169). CONCLUSIONS: Our approach is intended as an additional resource to existing, manually created resources. It greatly increases the number of difficult terms for which an easier alternative can be made available, resulting in greater actual usefulness.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-allan-karasz-baseman-expandingmethodologiestoidentifyhighpriorityemergencypreparednesstoolsforimplementationinpublichealthagencies-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Expanding Methodologies to Identify High-Priority Emergency Preparedness Tools for Implementation in Public Health Agencies.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.; Allan, S.; Karasz, H.;  and Baseman, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>American Journal of Public Health</i>, 108(S5): S372–S374. November 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304796\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('revere-allan-karasz-baseman-expandingmethodologiestoidentifyhighpriorityemergencypreparednesstoolsforimplementationinpublichealthagencies-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304796', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-allan-karasz-baseman-expandingmethodologiestoidentifyhighpriorityemergencypreparednesstoolsforimplementationinpublichealthagencies-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-allan-karasz-baseman-expandingmethodologiestoidentifyhighpriorityemergencypreparednesstoolsforimplementationinpublichealthagencies-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_expanding_2018,\n\ttitle = {Expanding {Methodologies} to {Identify} {High}-{Priority} {Emergency} {Preparedness} {Tools} for {Implementation} in {Public} {Health} {Agencies}},\n\tvolume = {108},\n\tissn = {1541-0048},\n\tdoi = {10.2105/AJPH.2018.304796},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {S5},\n\tjournal = {American Journal of Public Health},\n\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Allan, Susan and Karasz, Hilary and Baseman, Janet},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {30422699},\n\tpmcid = {PMC6236711},\n\tkeywords = {Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Civil Defense, Communication, Disaster Planning, Humans, Public Health, United States},\n\tpages = {S372--S374},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baseman-revere-karasz-allan-implementinginnovationsinpublichealthagencypreparednessandresponseprograms-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Implementing Innovations in Public Health Agency Preparedness and Response Programs.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Baseman, J.; Revere, D.; Karasz, H.;  and Allan, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>American Journal of Public Health</i>, 108(S5): S369–S371. November 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304795\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baseman-revere-karasz-allan-implementinginnovationsinpublichealthagencypreparednessandresponseprograms-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304795', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baseman-revere-karasz-allan-implementinginnovationsinpublichealthagencypreparednessandresponseprograms-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baseman-revere-karasz-allan-implementinginnovationsinpublichealthagencypreparednessandresponseprograms-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{baseman_implementing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Implementing {Innovations} in {Public} {Health} {Agency} {Preparedness} and {Response} {Programs}},\n\tvolume = {108},\n\tissn = {1541-0048},\n\tdoi = {10.2105/AJPH.2018.304795},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {S5},\n\tjournal = {American Journal of Public Health},\n\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra and Karasz, Hilary and Allan, Susan},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {30422698},\n\tpmcid = {PMC6236713},\n\tkeywords = {Civil Defense, Communication, Disaster Planning, Humans, Public Health Administration},\n\tpages = {S369--S371},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2017\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2017</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baseman-revere-baldwin-amobilebreastcancersurvivorshipcareapppilotstudy-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  A Mobile Breast Cancer Survivorship Care App: Pilot Study.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Baseman, J.; Revere, D.;  and Baldwin, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>JMIR cancer</i>, 3(2): e14. September 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2196/cancer.8192\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baseman-revere-baldwin-amobilebreastcancersurvivorshipcareapppilotstudy-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.2196/cancer.8192', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baseman-revere-baldwin-amobilebreastcancersurvivorshipcareapppilotstudy-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baseman-revere-baldwin-amobilebreastcancersurvivorshipcareapppilotstudy-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{baseman_mobile_2017,\n\ttitle = {A {Mobile} {Breast} {Cancer} {Survivorship} {Care} {App}: {Pilot} {Study}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {2369-1999},\n\tshorttitle = {A {Mobile} {Breast} {Cancer} {Survivorship} {Care} {App}},\n\tdoi = {10.2196/cancer.8192},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Cancer survivors living in rural areas experience unique challenges due to additional burdens, such as travel and limited access to specialists. Rural survivors of breast cancer have reported poorer outcomes, poorer mental health and physical functioning, and lower-than-average quality of life compared to urban survivors.\nOBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and acceptability of developing a mobile health survivorship care app to facilitate care coordination; support medical, psychosocial, and practical needs; and improve survivors&#x27; long-term health outcomes.\nMETHODS: An interactive prototype app, SmartSurvivor, was developed that included recommended survivorship care plan components. The prototype&#x27;s feasibility and acceptability were tested by a sample of breast cancer survivors (n=6), primary care providers (n=4), and an oncologist (n=1).\nRESULTS: Overall, both survivors and providers felt that SmartSurvivor was a potentially valuable tool to support long-term survivorship care plan objectives. Portability, accessibility, and having one place for all contact, treatment, symptom tracking, and medication summaries was highly valued.\nCONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study indicates that SmartSurvivor is a feasible and acceptable approach to meeting survivorship care objectives and the needs of both breast cancer survivors and their health care providers. Exploration of mobile health options for supporting survivorship care plan needs is a promising area of research.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {JMIR cancer},\n\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra and Baldwin, Laura-Mae},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpmid = {28951383},\n\tpmcid = {PMC5635232},\n\tkeywords = {breast neoplasms, data collection, feasibility studies, mobile apps, survivors, telemedicine},\n\tpages = {e14},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: Cancer survivors living in rural areas experience unique challenges due to additional burdens, such as travel and limited access to specialists. Rural survivors of breast cancer have reported poorer outcomes, poorer mental health and physical functioning, and lower-than-average quality of life compared to urban survivors. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and acceptability of developing a mobile health survivorship care app to facilitate care coordination; support medical, psychosocial, and practical needs; and improve survivors' long-term health outcomes. METHODS: An interactive prototype app, SmartSurvivor, was developed that included recommended survivorship care plan components. The prototype's feasibility and acceptability were tested by a sample of breast cancer survivors (n=6), primary care providers (n=4), and an oncologist (n=1). RESULTS: Overall, both survivors and providers felt that SmartSurvivor was a potentially valuable tool to support long-term survivorship care plan objectives. Portability, accessibility, and having one place for all contact, treatment, symptom tracking, and medication summaries was highly valued. CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study indicates that SmartSurvivor is a feasible and acceptable approach to meeting survivorship care objectives and the needs of both breast cancer survivors and their health care providers. Exploration of mobile health options for supporting survivorship care plan needs is a promising area of research.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-hills-dixon-gibson-grannis-notifiableconditionreportingpracticesimplicationsforpublichealthagencyparticipationinahealthinformationexchange-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Notifiable condition reporting practices: implications for public health agency participation in a health information exchange.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.; Hills, R. H.; Dixon, B. E.; Gibson, P. J.;  and Grannis, S. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>BMC public health</i>, 17(1): 247. March 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4156-4\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('revere-hills-dixon-gibson-grannis-notifiableconditionreportingpracticesimplicationsforpublichealthagencyparticipationinahealthinformationexchange-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4156-4', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-hills-dixon-gibson-grannis-notifiableconditionreportingpracticesimplicationsforpublichealthagencyparticipationinahealthinformationexchange-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-hills-dixon-gibson-grannis-notifiableconditionreportingpracticesimplicationsforpublichealthagencyparticipationinahealthinformationexchange-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_notifiable_2017,\n\ttitle = {Notifiable condition reporting practices: implications for public health agency participation in a health information exchange},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1471-2458},\n\tshorttitle = {Notifiable condition reporting practices},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/s12889-017-4156-4},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: The future of notifiable condition reporting in the United States is undergoing a transformation with the increasing development of Health Information Exchanges which support electronic data-sharing and -transfer networks and the wider adoption of electronic laboratory reporting. Communicable disease report forms originating in clinics are an important source of surveillance data for public health agencies. However, problems of poor data quality and delayed submission of reports to public health agencies are common. In addition, studies of barriers and facilitators to reporting have assumed that the primary reporter is the treating physician, although the extent to which a provider is involved in the reporting workflow is unclear. We sought to better understand the barriers to and burden of notifiable condition reporting from the perspectives of the three primary groups involved in reporting workflow: providers, clinic staff who bear the principal responsibility for reporting, and the public health workers who receive and process reports from clinics. In addition, we sought to situate these findings within the context of the future of notifiable disease reporting and the potential impacts of electronic lab and medical records on the surveillance system.\nMETHODS: Seven ambulatory care clinics and 3 public health agencies that are part of a Health Information Exchange in the state of Indiana, USA, participated in the study. Data were obtained from a survey of clinic physicians (N = 29), interviews with clinic reporters (N = 11), and interviews with public health workers (N = 9). Survey data were summarized descriptively and interview transcripts underwent qualitative analysis.\nRESULTS: In both clinics and public health agencies, the laboratory report initiates reporting workflow. Provider involvement with reporting primarily revolves around ordering medications to treat a condition confirmed by the lab result. In clinics, reporting is typically the responsibility of clinic reporters who vary in frequency of reporting. We found an association between frequency of reporting, reporting knowledge and perceptions of reporting burden. In both clinics and public health agencies, interruptions and delays in reporting workflow are encountered due to inaccurate or missing information and impact reporting timeliness, data quality and report completeness. Both providers and clinic reporters lack clarity regarding how data submitted by their reports are used by public health agencies. It is possible that the value of reporting may be diminished when those responsible do not perceive receiving benefit in return. This may account for the low awareness of or recollection of public health communications with clinics that we observed. Despite the high likelihood that public health advisories and guidance are based, in part, on data submitted by clinics, a direct concordance may not be recognized.\nCONCLUSIONS: Unlike most studies of notifiable condition reporting, this study included the clinic reporters who bear primary responsibility for completing and submitting reports to public health agencies. A primary barrier to this reporting is timely and easy access to data. It is possible that expanded adoption of electronic health record and laboratory reporting systems will improve access to this data and reduce reporting the burden. However, a complete reliance on automatic electronic extraction of data requires caution and necessitates continued interfacing with clinic reporters for the foreseeable future-particularly for notifiable conditions that are high-impact, uncommon, prone to false positive readings by labs, or are hard to verify. An important finding of this study is the association between frequency of reporting, reporting knowledge and perceptions of reporting burden. Increased automation could result in even lower reporting knowledge and familiarity with reporting requirements which could actually increase reporters&#x27; perception of notifiable condition reporting as burdensome. Another finding was of uncertainty regarding how data sent to public health agencies is used or provides clinical benefit. A strong recommendation generated by these findings is that, given their central role in reporting, clinic reporters are a significant target audience for public health outreach and education that aims to alleviate perceived reporting burden and improve reporting knowledge. In particular, communicating the benefits of public health&#x27;s use of the data may reduce a perceived lack of information reciprocity between clinical and public health organizations.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {BMC public health},\n\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Hills, Rebecca H. and Dixon, Brian E. and Gibson, P. Joseph and Grannis, Shaun J.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpmid = {28284190},\n\tpmcid = {PMC5346201},\n\tkeywords = {Attitude of Health Personnel, Communicable Diseases, Disease Notification, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Health Personnel, Humans, Indiana, Information Dissemination, Interprofessional Relations, Population Surveillance, Public Health, Public Health Surveillance, Qualitative Research, Quality Control, Surveys and Questionnaires},\n\tpages = {247},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: The future of notifiable condition reporting in the United States is undergoing a transformation with the increasing development of Health Information Exchanges which support electronic data-sharing and -transfer networks and the wider adoption of electronic laboratory reporting. Communicable disease report forms originating in clinics are an important source of surveillance data for public health agencies. However, problems of poor data quality and delayed submission of reports to public health agencies are common. In addition, studies of barriers and facilitators to reporting have assumed that the primary reporter is the treating physician, although the extent to which a provider is involved in the reporting workflow is unclear. We sought to better understand the barriers to and burden of notifiable condition reporting from the perspectives of the three primary groups involved in reporting workflow: providers, clinic staff who bear the principal responsibility for reporting, and the public health workers who receive and process reports from clinics. In addition, we sought to situate these findings within the context of the future of notifiable disease reporting and the potential impacts of electronic lab and medical records on the surveillance system. METHODS: Seven ambulatory care clinics and 3 public health agencies that are part of a Health Information Exchange in the state of Indiana, USA, participated in the study. Data were obtained from a survey of clinic physicians (N = 29), interviews with clinic reporters (N = 11), and interviews with public health workers (N = 9). Survey data were summarized descriptively and interview transcripts underwent qualitative analysis. RESULTS: In both clinics and public health agencies, the laboratory report initiates reporting workflow. Provider involvement with reporting primarily revolves around ordering medications to treat a condition confirmed by the lab result. In clinics, reporting is typically the responsibility of clinic reporters who vary in frequency of reporting. We found an association between frequency of reporting, reporting knowledge and perceptions of reporting burden. In both clinics and public health agencies, interruptions and delays in reporting workflow are encountered due to inaccurate or missing information and impact reporting timeliness, data quality and report completeness. Both providers and clinic reporters lack clarity regarding how data submitted by their reports are used by public health agencies. It is possible that the value of reporting may be diminished when those responsible do not perceive receiving benefit in return. This may account for the low awareness of or recollection of public health communications with clinics that we observed. Despite the high likelihood that public health advisories and guidance are based, in part, on data submitted by clinics, a direct concordance may not be recognized. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike most studies of notifiable condition reporting, this study included the clinic reporters who bear primary responsibility for completing and submitting reports to public health agencies. A primary barrier to this reporting is timely and easy access to data. It is possible that expanded adoption of electronic health record and laboratory reporting systems will improve access to this data and reduce reporting the burden. However, a complete reliance on automatic electronic extraction of data requires caution and necessitates continued interfacing with clinic reporters for the foreseeable future-particularly for notifiable conditions that are high-impact, uncommon, prone to false positive readings by labs, or are hard to verify. An important finding of this study is the association between frequency of reporting, reporting knowledge and perceptions of reporting burden. Increased automation could result in even lower reporting knowledge and familiarity with reporting requirements which could actually increase reporters' perception of notifiable condition reporting as burdensome. Another finding was of uncertainty regarding how data sent to public health agencies is used or provides clinical benefit. A strong recommendation generated by these findings is that, given their central role in reporting, clinic reporters are a significant target audience for public health outreach and education that aims to alleviate perceived reporting burden and improve reporting knowledge. In particular, communicating the benefits of public health's use of the data may reduce a perceived lack of information reciprocity between clinical and public health organizations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dixon-zhang-lai-kirbiyik-williams-hills-revere-gibson-etal-completenessandtimelinessofnotifiablediseasereportingacomparisonoflaboratoryandproviderreportssubmittedtoalargecountyhealthdepartment-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Completeness and timeliness of notifiable disease reporting: a comparison of laboratory and provider reports submitted to a large county health department.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dixon, B. E.; Zhang, Z.; Lai, P. T. S.; Kirbiyik, U.; Williams, J.; Hills, R.; Revere, D.; Gibson, P. J.;  and Grannis, S. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>BMC medical informatics and decision making</i>, 17(1): 87. June 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-017-0491-8\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dixon-zhang-lai-kirbiyik-williams-hills-revere-gibson-etal-completenessandtimelinessofnotifiablediseasereportingacomparisonoflaboratoryandproviderreportssubmittedtoalargecountyhealthdepartment-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-017-0491-8', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dixon-zhang-lai-kirbiyik-williams-hills-revere-gibson-etal-completenessandtimelinessofnotifiablediseasereportingacomparisonoflaboratoryandproviderreportssubmittedtoalargecountyhealthdepartment-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dixon-zhang-lai-kirbiyik-williams-hills-revere-gibson-etal-completenessandtimelinessofnotifiablediseasereportingacomparisonoflaboratoryandproviderreportssubmittedtoalargecountyhealthdepartment-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{dixon_completeness_2017,\n\ttitle = {Completeness and timeliness of notifiable disease reporting: a comparison of laboratory and provider reports submitted to a large county health department},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1472-6947},\n\tshorttitle = {Completeness and timeliness of notifiable disease reporting},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/s12911-017-0491-8},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Most public health agencies expect reporting of diseases to be initiated by hospital, laboratory or clinic staff even though so-called passive approaches are known to be burdensome for reporters and produce incomplete as well as delayed reports, which can hinder assessment of disease and delay recognition of outbreaks. In this study, we analyze patterns of reporting as well as data completeness and timeliness for traditional, passive reporting of notifiable disease by two distinct sources of information: hospital and clinic staff versus clinical laboratory staff. Reports were submitted via fax machine as well as electronic health information exchange interfaces.\nMETHODS: Data were extracted from all submitted notifiable disease reports for seven representative diseases. Reporting rates are the proportion of known cases having a corresponding case report from a provider, a faxed laboratory report or an electronic laboratory report. Reporting rates were stratified by disease and compared using McNemar&#x27;s test. For key data fields on the reports, completeness was calculated as the proportion of non-blank fields. Timeliness was measured as the difference between date of laboratory confirmed diagnosis and the date the report was received by the health department. Differences in completeness and timeliness by data source were evaluated using a generalized linear model with Pearson&#x27;s goodness of fit statistic.\nRESULTS: We assessed 13,269 reports representing 9034 unique cases. Reporting rates varied by disease with overall rates of 19.1\\% for providers and 84.4\\% for laboratories (p {\\textless} 0.001). All but three of 15 data fields in provider reports were more often complete than those fields within laboratory reports (p {\\textless}0.001). Laboratory reports, whether faxed or electronically sent, were received, on average, 2.2 days after diagnosis versus a week for provider reports (p {\\textless}0.001).\nCONCLUSIONS: Despite growth in the use of electronic methods to enhance notifiable disease reporting, there still exists much room for improvement.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {BMC medical informatics and decision making},\n\tauthor = {Dixon, Brian E. and Zhang, Zuoyi and Lai, Patrick T. S. and Kirbiyik, Uzay and Williams, Jennifer and Hills, Rebecca and Revere, Debra and Gibson, P. Joseph and Grannis, Shaun J.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpmid = {28645285},\n\tpmcid = {PMC5481902},\n\tkeywords = {Completeness, Disease Notification, Disease notification, Electronic laboratory reporting, Health Information Exchange, Health Personnel, Health information exchange, Humans, Indiana, Local Government, Population Surveillance, Public Health Administration, Public health surveillance, Timeliness},\n\tpages = {87},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: Most public health agencies expect reporting of diseases to be initiated by hospital, laboratory or clinic staff even though so-called passive approaches are known to be burdensome for reporters and produce incomplete as well as delayed reports, which can hinder assessment of disease and delay recognition of outbreaks. In this study, we analyze patterns of reporting as well as data completeness and timeliness for traditional, passive reporting of notifiable disease by two distinct sources of information: hospital and clinic staff versus clinical laboratory staff. Reports were submitted via fax machine as well as electronic health information exchange interfaces. METHODS: Data were extracted from all submitted notifiable disease reports for seven representative diseases. Reporting rates are the proportion of known cases having a corresponding case report from a provider, a faxed laboratory report or an electronic laboratory report. Reporting rates were stratified by disease and compared using McNemar's test. For key data fields on the reports, completeness was calculated as the proportion of non-blank fields. Timeliness was measured as the difference between date of laboratory confirmed diagnosis and the date the report was received by the health department. Differences in completeness and timeliness by data source were evaluated using a generalized linear model with Pearson's goodness of fit statistic. RESULTS: We assessed 13,269 reports representing 9034 unique cases. Reporting rates varied by disease with overall rates of 19.1% for providers and 84.4% for laboratories (p \\textless 0.001). All but three of 15 data fields in provider reports were more often complete than those fields within laboratory reports (p \\textless0.001). Laboratory reports, whether faxed or electronically sent, were received, on average, 2.2 days after diagnosis versus a week for provider reports (p \\textless0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite growth in the use of electronic methods to enhance notifiable disease reporting, there still exists much room for improvement.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"painter-revere-gibson-baseman-leveragingpublichealthsparticipationinahealthinformationexchangetoimprovecommunicablediseasereporting-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Leveraging public health's participation in a Health Information Exchange to improve communicable disease reporting.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Painter, I.; Revere, D.; Gibson, P. J.;  and Baseman, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 9(2): e186.  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v9i2.8001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('painter-revere-gibson-baseman-leveragingpublichealthsparticipationinahealthinformationexchangetoimprovecommunicablediseasereporting-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v9i2.8001', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/painter-revere-gibson-baseman-leveragingpublichealthsparticipationinahealthinformationexchangetoimprovecommunicablediseasereporting-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('painter-revere-gibson-baseman-leveragingpublichealthsparticipationinahealthinformationexchangetoimprovecommunicablediseasereporting-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{painter_leveraging_2017,\n\ttitle = {Leveraging public health&#x27;s participation in a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} to improve communicable disease reporting},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v9i2.8001},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases can appear and spread rapidly. Timely information about disease patterns and trends allows public health agencies to quickly investigate and efficiently contain those diseases. But disease case reporting to public health has traditionally been paper-based, resulting in somewhat slow, burdensome processes. Fortunately, the expanding use of electronic health records and health information exchanges has created opportunities for more rapid, complete, and easily managed case reporting and investigation. To assess how this new service might impact the efficiency and quality of a public health agency&#x27;s case investigations, we compared the timeliness of usual case investigation to that of case investigations based on case report forms that were partially pre-populated with electronic data.\nINTERVENTION: Between September 2013-March 2014, chlamydia disease report forms for certain clinics in Indianapolis were electronically pre-populated with clinical, lab and patient data available through the Indiana Health Information Exchange, then provided to the patient’s doctor. Doctors could then sign the form and deliver it to public health for investigation and population-level disease tracking. Methods: We utilized a novel matched case analysis of timeliness changes in receipt and processing of communicable disease report forms. Each Chlamydia cases reported with the pre-populated form were matched to cases reported in usual ways. We assessed the time from receipt of the case at the public health agency: 1) inclusion of the case into the public health surveillance system and 2) to close to case. A hierarchical random effects model was used to compare mean difference in each outcome between the target cases and the matched cases, with random intercepts for case.\nRESULTS: Twenty-one Chlamydia cases were reported to the public health agency using the pre-populated form. Sixteen of these pre-populated form cases were matched to at least one other case, with a mean of 23 matches per case. The mean Reporting Lag for the pre-populated form cases was 2.5 days, which was 2.7 days shorter than the mean Reporting Lag for the matched controls (p = {\\textless}0.001). The mean time to close a pre-populated form case was 4.7 days, which was 0.2 days shorter than time to close for the matched controls (p = 0.792).\nCONCLUSIONS: Use of pre-populated forms significantly decreased the time it took for the local public health agency to begin documenting and closing chlamydia case investigations. Thoughtful use of electronic health data for case reporting may decrease the per-case workload of public health agencies, and improve the timeliness of information about the pattern and spread of disease.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Painter, Ian and Revere, Debra and Gibson, P. Joseph and Baseman, Janet},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpmid = {29026452},\n\tpmcid = {PMC5630274},\n\tkeywords = {Communicable Diseases, Disease Notification, Electronic health records, Health information exchange, Public Health Surveillance},\n\tpages = {e186},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases can appear and spread rapidly. Timely information about disease patterns and trends allows public health agencies to quickly investigate and efficiently contain those diseases. But disease case reporting to public health has traditionally been paper-based, resulting in somewhat slow, burdensome processes. Fortunately, the expanding use of electronic health records and health information exchanges has created opportunities for more rapid, complete, and easily managed case reporting and investigation. To assess how this new service might impact the efficiency and quality of a public health agency's case investigations, we compared the timeliness of usual case investigation to that of case investigations based on case report forms that were partially pre-populated with electronic data. INTERVENTION: Between September 2013-March 2014, chlamydia disease report forms for certain clinics in Indianapolis were electronically pre-populated with clinical, lab and patient data available through the Indiana Health Information Exchange, then provided to the patient’s doctor. Doctors could then sign the form and deliver it to public health for investigation and population-level disease tracking. Methods: We utilized a novel matched case analysis of timeliness changes in receipt and processing of communicable disease report forms. Each Chlamydia cases reported with the pre-populated form were matched to cases reported in usual ways. We assessed the time from receipt of the case at the public health agency: 1) inclusion of the case into the public health surveillance system and 2) to close to case. A hierarchical random effects model was used to compare mean difference in each outcome between the target cases and the matched cases, with random intercepts for case. RESULTS: Twenty-one Chlamydia cases were reported to the public health agency using the pre-populated form. Sixteen of these pre-populated form cases were matched to at least one other case, with a mean of 23 matches per case. The mean Reporting Lag for the pre-populated form cases was 2.5 days, which was 2.7 days shorter than the mean Reporting Lag for the matched controls (p = \\textless0.001). The mean time to close a pre-populated form case was 4.7 days, which was 0.2 days shorter than time to close for the matched controls (p = 0.792). CONCLUSIONS: Use of pre-populated forms significantly decreased the time it took for the local public health agency to begin documenting and closing chlamydia case investigations. Thoughtful use of electronic health data for case reporting may decrease the per-case workload of public health agencies, and improve the timeliness of information about the pattern and spread of disease.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2016\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2016</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baseman-revere-painter-oberle-duchin-thiede-nett-maceachern-etal-arandomizedcontrolledtrialoftheeffectivenessoftraditionalandmobilepublichealthcommunicationswithhealthcareproviders-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Traditional and Mobile Public Health Communications With Health Care Providers.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Baseman, J.; Revere, D.; Painter, I.; Oberle, M.; Duchin, J.; Thiede, H.; Nett, R.; MacEachern, D.;  and Stergachis, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness</i>, 10(1): 98–107. February 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.139\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baseman-revere-painter-oberle-duchin-thiede-nett-maceachern-etal-arandomizedcontrolledtrialoftheeffectivenessoftraditionalandmobilepublichealthcommunicationswithhealthcareproviders-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.139', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baseman-revere-painter-oberle-duchin-thiede-nett-maceachern-etal-arandomizedcontrolledtrialoftheeffectivenessoftraditionalandmobilepublichealthcommunicationswithhealthcareproviders-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baseman-revere-painter-oberle-duchin-thiede-nett-maceachern-etal-arandomizedcontrolledtrialoftheeffectivenessoftraditionalandmobilepublichealthcommunicationswithhealthcareproviders-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{baseman_randomized_2016,\n\ttitle = {A {Randomized} {Controlled} {Trial} of the {Effectiveness} of {Traditional} and {Mobile} {Public} {Health} {Communications} {With} {Health} {Care} {Providers}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1938-744X},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/dmp.2015.139},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: Health care providers play an essential role in public health emergency preparedness and response. We conducted a 4-year randomized controlled trial to systematically compare the effectiveness of traditional and mobile communication strategies for sending time-sensitive public health messages to providers.\nMETHODS: Subjects (N=848) included providers who might be leveraged to assist with emergency preparedness and response activities, such as physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, physician&#x27;s assistants, and veterinarians. Providers were randomly assigned to a group that received time-sensitive quarterly messages via e-mail, fax, or cell phone text messaging (SMS) or to a no-message control group. Follow-up phone interviews elicited information about message receipt, topic recall, and perceived credibility and trustworthiness of message and source.\nRESULTS: Our main outcome measures were awareness and recall of message content, which was compared across delivery methods. Per-protocol analysis revealed that e-mail messages were recalled at a higher rate than were messaged delivered by fax or SMS, whereas the as-treated analysis found that e-mail and fax groups had similar recall rates and both had higher recall rates than the SMS group.\nCONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to systematically evaluate the relative effectiveness of public health message delivery systems. Our findings provide guidance to improve public health agency communications with providers before, during, and after a public health emergency.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness},\n\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra and Painter, Ian and Oberle, Mark and Duchin, Jeffrey and Thiede, Hanne and Nett, Randall and MacEachern, Dorothy and Stergachis, Andy},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpmid = {26690370},\n\tkeywords = {Cell Phone, Communication, Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Text Messaging, communication, emergency preparedness, public health, public health practice, text messaging},\n\tpages = {98--107},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVES: Health care providers play an essential role in public health emergency preparedness and response. We conducted a 4-year randomized controlled trial to systematically compare the effectiveness of traditional and mobile communication strategies for sending time-sensitive public health messages to providers. METHODS: Subjects (N=848) included providers who might be leveraged to assist with emergency preparedness and response activities, such as physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, physician's assistants, and veterinarians. Providers were randomly assigned to a group that received time-sensitive quarterly messages via e-mail, fax, or cell phone text messaging (SMS) or to a no-message control group. Follow-up phone interviews elicited information about message receipt, topic recall, and perceived credibility and trustworthiness of message and source. RESULTS: Our main outcome measures were awareness and recall of message content, which was compared across delivery methods. Per-protocol analysis revealed that e-mail messages were recalled at a higher rate than were messaged delivered by fax or SMS, whereas the as-treated analysis found that e-mail and fax groups had similar recall rates and both had higher recall rates than the SMS group. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to systematically evaluate the relative effectiveness of public health message delivery systems. Our findings provide guidance to improve public health agency communications with providers before, during, and after a public health emergency.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2015\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2015</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-calhoun-baseman-oberle-exploringbidirectionalandsmsmessagingforcommunicationsbetweenpublichealthagenciesandtheirstakeholdersaqualitativestudy-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Exploring bi-directional and SMS messaging for communications between Public Health Agencies and their stakeholders: a qualitative study.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.; Calhoun, R.; Baseman, J.;  and Oberle, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>BMC public health</i>, 15: 621. July 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1980-2\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('revere-calhoun-baseman-oberle-exploringbidirectionalandsmsmessagingforcommunicationsbetweenpublichealthagenciesandtheirstakeholdersaqualitativestudy-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1980-2', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-calhoun-baseman-oberle-exploringbidirectionalandsmsmessagingforcommunicationsbetweenpublichealthagenciesandtheirstakeholdersaqualitativestudy-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-calhoun-baseman-oberle-exploringbidirectionalandsmsmessagingforcommunicationsbetweenpublichealthagenciesandtheirstakeholdersaqualitativestudy-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_exploring_2015,\n\ttitle = {Exploring bi-directional and {SMS} messaging for communications between {Public} {Health} {Agencies} and their stakeholders: a qualitative study},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1471-2458},\n\tshorttitle = {Exploring bi-directional and {SMS} messaging for communications between {Public} {Health} {Agencies} and their stakeholders},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/s12889-015-1980-2},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Communication technologies that enable bi-directional/two-way communications and cell phone texting (SMS) between public health agencies and their stakeholders may improve public health surveillance, ensure targeted distribution of alerts to hard-to-reach populations, reduce mortality and morbidity in an emergency, and enable a crucial feedback loop between public health agencies and the communities they serve. Building on prior work regarding health care provider preferences for receiving one-way public health communications by email, fax or SMS, we conducted a formative, exploratory study to understand how a bi-directional system and the incorporation of SMS in that system might be used as a strategy to send and receive messages between public health agencies and community-based organizations which serve vulnerable populations, health care providers, and public health workers. Our research question: Under what conditions and/or situations might public health agencies utilize bi-directional and/or SMS messaging for disseminating time-sensitive public health information (alerts, advisories, updates, etc.) to their stakeholders?\nMETHODS: A mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) study was conducted between April and July 2014. Data collection included a survey distributed to health care providers and semi-structured interviews with providers, community- and government-based organization leaders and directors, and public health agency internal workforce staff. Survey respondents and interviewees were asked about their exposure to public health messages, how these messages are received and how the information in these messages are handled, and in what situations (for example, a local vs. a national event, a pandemic or emergency vs. a health update) a bi-directional and/or SMS messaging system might improve communications between public health agencies and their stakeholder group. Interview and survey data were qualitatively analyzed. Thematic codes were quantitized into dichotomous variables of 0 or 1 on a per respondent basis to enumerate the presence or absence of each thematic code, enable quantitative analysis, and inform interpretation of findings.\nRESULTS: Five major themes emerged from synthesizing survey and interview results: 1) Regardless of situational context (emergency vs. non-urgent) and message recipient (stakeholder group), e-mail is a favored modality for receiving public health messages; 2) The decision to use bi-directional, SMS or multiple communication strategies is complex and public health agencies&#x27; need to manage messaging concerns/barriers and benefits for all parties; 3) Both public health agencies and their stakeholders share similar values/uses and concerns regarding two-way public health messaging and SMS; 4) Public health is highly trusted, thus thoughtful, effective messaging will ensure continuation of this goodwill; and 5) Information reciprocity between public health agencies and stakeholders who share their information is essential.\nCONCLUSIONS: Multiple communication strategies might be utilized but the choice of a specific strategy needs to balance message content (emergency vs. routine communications), delivery (one- vs. two-way), channel (SMS, email, etc.), and public health agency burden with stakeholder preferences and technical capabilities, all while mitigating the risk of message overload and disregard of important communications by recipients.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {BMC public health},\n\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Calhoun, Rebecca and Baseman, Janet and Oberle, Mark},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpmid = {26152142},\n\tpmcid = {PMC4494811},\n\tkeywords = {Communication, Electronic Mail, Emergencies, Health Personnel, Humans, Public Health Administration, Qualitative Research, Text Messaging},\n\tpages = {621},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: Communication technologies that enable bi-directional/two-way communications and cell phone texting (SMS) between public health agencies and their stakeholders may improve public health surveillance, ensure targeted distribution of alerts to hard-to-reach populations, reduce mortality and morbidity in an emergency, and enable a crucial feedback loop between public health agencies and the communities they serve. Building on prior work regarding health care provider preferences for receiving one-way public health communications by email, fax or SMS, we conducted a formative, exploratory study to understand how a bi-directional system and the incorporation of SMS in that system might be used as a strategy to send and receive messages between public health agencies and community-based organizations which serve vulnerable populations, health care providers, and public health workers. Our research question: Under what conditions and/or situations might public health agencies utilize bi-directional and/or SMS messaging for disseminating time-sensitive public health information (alerts, advisories, updates, etc.) to their stakeholders? METHODS: A mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) study was conducted between April and July 2014. Data collection included a survey distributed to health care providers and semi-structured interviews with providers, community- and government-based organization leaders and directors, and public health agency internal workforce staff. Survey respondents and interviewees were asked about their exposure to public health messages, how these messages are received and how the information in these messages are handled, and in what situations (for example, a local vs. a national event, a pandemic or emergency vs. a health update) a bi-directional and/or SMS messaging system might improve communications between public health agencies and their stakeholder group. Interview and survey data were qualitatively analyzed. Thematic codes were quantitized into dichotomous variables of 0 or 1 on a per respondent basis to enumerate the presence or absence of each thematic code, enable quantitative analysis, and inform interpretation of findings. RESULTS: Five major themes emerged from synthesizing survey and interview results: 1) Regardless of situational context (emergency vs. non-urgent) and message recipient (stakeholder group), e-mail is a favored modality for receiving public health messages; 2) The decision to use bi-directional, SMS or multiple communication strategies is complex and public health agencies' need to manage messaging concerns/barriers and benefits for all parties; 3) Both public health agencies and their stakeholders share similar values/uses and concerns regarding two-way public health messaging and SMS; 4) Public health is highly trusted, thus thoughtful, effective messaging will ensure continuation of this goodwill; and 5) Information reciprocity between public health agencies and stakeholders who share their information is essential. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple communication strategies might be utilized but the choice of a specific strategy needs to balance message content (emergency vs. routine communications), delivery (one- vs. two-way), channel (SMS, email, etc.), and public health agency burden with stakeholder preferences and technical capabilities, all while mitigating the risk of message overload and disregard of important communications by recipients.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2014\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2014</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-dixon-hills-williams-grannis-leveraginghealthinformationexchangetoimprovepopulationhealthreportingprocesseslessonsinusingacollaborativeparticipatorydesignprocess-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Leveraging health information exchange to improve population health reporting processes: lessons in using a collaborative-participatory design process.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.; Dixon, B. E.; Hills, R.; Williams, J. L.;  and Grannis, S. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>EGEMS (Washington, DC)</i>, 2(3): 1082.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.13063/2327-9214.1082\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('revere-dixon-hills-williams-grannis-leveraginghealthinformationexchangetoimprovepopulationhealthreportingprocesseslessonsinusingacollaborativeparticipatorydesignprocess-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.13063/2327-9214.1082', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-dixon-hills-williams-grannis-leveraginghealthinformationexchangetoimprovepopulationhealthreportingprocesseslessonsinusingacollaborativeparticipatorydesignprocess-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-dixon-hills-williams-grannis-leveraginghealthinformationexchangetoimprovepopulationhealthreportingprocesseslessonsinusingacollaborativeparticipatorydesignprocess-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_leveraging_2014,\n\ttitle = {Leveraging health information exchange to improve population health reporting processes: lessons in using a collaborative-participatory design process},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {2327-9214},\n\tshorttitle = {Leveraging health information exchange to improve population health reporting processes},\n\tdoi = {10.13063/2327-9214.1082},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Surveillance, or the systematic monitoring of disease within a population, is a cornerstone function of public health. Despite significant investment in information technologies (IT) to improve the public&#x27;s health, health care providers continue to rely on manual, spontaneous reporting processes that can result in incomplete and delayed surveillance activities.\nBACKGROUND: Participatory design principles advocate including real users and stakeholders when designing an information system to ensure high ecological validity of the product, incorporate relevance and context into the design, reduce misconceptions designers can make due to insufficient domain expertise, and ultimately reduce barriers to adoption of the system. This paper focuses on the collaborative and informal participatory design process used to develop enhanced, IT-enabled reporting processes that leverage available electronic health records in a health information exchange to prepopulate notifiable-conditions report forms used by public health authorities.\nMETHODS: Over nine months, public health stakeholders, technical staff, and informatics researchers were engaged in a multiphase participatory design process that included public health stakeholder focus groups, investigator-engineering team meetings, public health survey and census regarding high-priority data elements, and codesign of exploratory prototypes and final form mock-ups.\nFINDINGS: A number of state-mandated report fields that are not highly used or desirable for disease investigation were eliminated, which allowed engineers to repurpose form space for desired and high-priority data elements and improve the usability of the forms. Our participatory design process ensured that IT development was driven by end user expertise and needs, resulting in significant improvements to the layout and functionality of the reporting forms.\nDISCUSSION: In addition to informing report form development, engaging with public health end users and stakeholders through the participatory design process provided new insights into public health workflow and allowed the team to quickly triage user requests while managing user expectations within the realm of engineering possibilities.\nCONCLUSION: Engaging public health, engineering staff, and investigators in a shared codesigning process ensured that the new forms will not only meet real-life needs but will also support development of a product that will be adopted and, ultimately, improve communicable and infectious disease reporting by clinicians to public health.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {EGEMS (Washington, DC)},\n\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Dixon, Brian E. and Hills, Rebecca and Williams, Jennifer L. and Grannis, Shaun J.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpmid = {25848615},\n\tpmcid = {PMC4371487},\n\tkeywords = {Collaborative Design, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Informatics, Participatory Design, Public Health, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Surveillance, Quality Improvement},\n\tpages = {1082},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  INTRODUCTION: Surveillance, or the systematic monitoring of disease within a population, is a cornerstone function of public health. Despite significant investment in information technologies (IT) to improve the public's health, health care providers continue to rely on manual, spontaneous reporting processes that can result in incomplete and delayed surveillance activities. BACKGROUND: Participatory design principles advocate including real users and stakeholders when designing an information system to ensure high ecological validity of the product, incorporate relevance and context into the design, reduce misconceptions designers can make due to insufficient domain expertise, and ultimately reduce barriers to adoption of the system. This paper focuses on the collaborative and informal participatory design process used to develop enhanced, IT-enabled reporting processes that leverage available electronic health records in a health information exchange to prepopulate notifiable-conditions report forms used by public health authorities. METHODS: Over nine months, public health stakeholders, technical staff, and informatics researchers were engaged in a multiphase participatory design process that included public health stakeholder focus groups, investigator-engineering team meetings, public health survey and census regarding high-priority data elements, and codesign of exploratory prototypes and final form mock-ups. FINDINGS: A number of state-mandated report fields that are not highly used or desirable for disease investigation were eliminated, which allowed engineers to repurpose form space for desired and high-priority data elements and improve the usability of the forms. Our participatory design process ensured that IT development was driven by end user expertise and needs, resulting in significant improvements to the layout and functionality of the reporting forms. DISCUSSION: In addition to informing report form development, engaging with public health end users and stakeholders through the participatory design process provided new insights into public health workflow and allowed the team to quickly triage user requests while managing user expectations within the realm of engineering possibilities. CONCLUSION: Engaging public health, engineering staff, and investigators in a shared codesigning process ensured that the new forms will not only meet real-life needs but will also support development of a product that will be adopted and, ultimately, improve communicable and infectious disease reporting by clinicians to public health.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-schwartz-baseman-how2txtanexplorationofcraftingpublichealthmessagesinsms-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  How 2 txt: an exploration of crafting public health messages in SMS.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.; Schwartz, M. R.;  and Baseman, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>BMC research notes</i>, 7: 514. August 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-7-514\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('revere-schwartz-baseman-how2txtanexplorationofcraftingpublichealthmessagesinsms-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-7-514', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-schwartz-baseman-how2txtanexplorationofcraftingpublichealthmessagesinsms-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-schwartz-baseman-how2txtanexplorationofcraftingpublichealthmessagesinsms-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_how_2014,\n\ttitle = {How 2 txt: an exploration of crafting public health messages in {SMS}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {1756-0500},\n\tshorttitle = {How 2 txt},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/1756-0500-7-514},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care providers are an important target audience for public health emergency preparedness, response and recovery communications. Short Message Service or text messaging to cell phones may be a promising supplemental or alternative technique for reaching health care providers with time-sensitive public health information. However, studies to date have yet to investigate the message content and formatting requirements of providers with respect to public health alerts and advisories or sought to understand how to meet these needs using Short Message Service technology.\nMETHODS: Data collection was completed using a two-part online survey. In the first part, health care providers identified their use of different technologies for receiving information and provided input on the message components most important in a public health message. In the second part, health care providers participated in an exercise in which they shortened three public health emergency messages, ranging from 2024-2828 characters per message, to meet the 160-character limitation for text delivery. Results were analyzed to determine associations between provider types, age ranges, gender, access to various media (text, email, fax, social media, etc.), and smart phone ownership.\nRESULTS: The following components were most frequently selected as essential for a public health message: Topic, Recommendation, Geographic Location, Signs \\&amp; Symptoms, Population Affected, and Link to Additional Information. There was no statistically significant association between message component selection and provider type, age ranges, or gender. In the message conversion exercise, we found a statistically significant association between providers who reported receiving information by SMS and/or smart phone ownership and including a link to additional information in the converted message, ranging from 61\\% to over 72\\% on a per message analysis.\nCONCLUSIONS: A substantive recommendation derived from this study is that public health agencies include a link to additional website information when sending messages in SMS format. SMS could be a useful public health tool for communicating with health care providers but further investigation of how to effectively use SMS and other mobile technologies is needed to inform public health decisions regarding adoption of messaging systems utilizing these newer technologies.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {BMC research notes},\n\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Schwartz, Malaika R. and Baseman, Janet},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpmid = {25113387},\n\tpmcid = {PMC4267116},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Aged, Cell Phone, Demography, Female, Health Information Systems, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Ownership, Public Health, Text Messaging},\n\tpages = {514},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: Health care providers are an important target audience for public health emergency preparedness, response and recovery communications. Short Message Service or text messaging to cell phones may be a promising supplemental or alternative technique for reaching health care providers with time-sensitive public health information. However, studies to date have yet to investigate the message content and formatting requirements of providers with respect to public health alerts and advisories or sought to understand how to meet these needs using Short Message Service technology. METHODS: Data collection was completed using a two-part online survey. In the first part, health care providers identified their use of different technologies for receiving information and provided input on the message components most important in a public health message. In the second part, health care providers participated in an exercise in which they shortened three public health emergency messages, ranging from 2024-2828 characters per message, to meet the 160-character limitation for text delivery. Results were analyzed to determine associations between provider types, age ranges, gender, access to various media (text, email, fax, social media, etc.), and smart phone ownership. RESULTS: The following components were most frequently selected as essential for a public health message: Topic, Recommendation, Geographic Location, Signs & Symptoms, Population Affected, and Link to Additional Information. There was no statistically significant association between message component selection and provider type, age ranges, or gender. In the message conversion exercise, we found a statistically significant association between providers who reported receiving information by SMS and/or smart phone ownership and including a link to additional information in the converted message, ranging from 61% to over 72% on a per message analysis. CONCLUSIONS: A substantive recommendation derived from this study is that public health agencies include a link to additional website information when sending messages in SMS format. SMS could be a useful public health tool for communicating with health care providers but further investigation of how to effectively use SMS and other mobile technologies is needed to inform public health decisions regarding adoption of messaging systems utilizing these newer technologies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-painter-oberle-baseman-healthcareproviderpreferencesfortimesensitivecommunicationsfrompublichealthagencies-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Health-care provider preferences for time-sensitive communications from public health agencies.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.; Painter, I.; Oberle, M.;  and Baseman, J. G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)</i>, 129 Suppl 4: 67–76.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/00333549141296S410\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('revere-painter-oberle-baseman-healthcareproviderpreferencesfortimesensitivecommunicationsfrompublichealthagencies-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/00333549141296S410', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-painter-oberle-baseman-healthcareproviderpreferencesfortimesensitivecommunicationsfrompublichealthagencies-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-painter-oberle-baseman-healthcareproviderpreferencesfortimesensitivecommunicationsfrompublichealthagencies-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_health-care_2014,\n\ttitle = {Health-care provider preferences for time-sensitive communications from public health agencies},\n\tvolume = {129 Suppl 4},\n\tissn = {1468-2877},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/00333549141296S410},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Rapid Emergency Alert Communication in Health (REACH) Trial was a randomized control trial to systematically compare and evaluate the effectiveness of traditional and mobile communication modalities for public health agencies to disseminate time-sensitive information to health-care providers (HCPs). We conducted a sub-study to identify the communication channels by which HCPs preferred receiving public health alerts and advisories.\nMETHODS: Enrolled HCPs were blindly randomized into four message delivery groups to receive time-sensitive public health messages by e-mail, fax, or short message service (SMS) or to a no-message control group. Follow-up interviews were conducted 5-10 days after the message. In the final interview, additional questions were asked regarding HCP preferences for receiving public health alerts and advisories. We examined the relationship between key covariates and preferred method of receiving public health alert and advisory messages.\nRESULTS: Gender, age, provider type, and study site showed statistically significant associations with delivery method preference. Older providers were more likely than younger providers to prefer e-mail or fax, while younger providers were more likely than older providers to prefer receiving messages via SMS.\nCONCLUSIONS: There is currently no evidence-based research to guide or improve communication between public health agencies and HCPs. Understanding the preferences of providers for receiving alerts and advisories may improve the effectiveness of vital public health communications systems and, in turn, may enhance disease surveillance, aid in early detection, and improve case finding and situational awareness for public health emergencies.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974)},\n\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Painter, Ian and Oberle, Mark and Baseman, Janet G.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpmid = {25355977},\n\tpmcid = {PMC4187309},\n\tkeywords = {Electronic Mail, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Interviews as Topic, Public Health, Telefacsimile, Washington},\n\tpages = {67--76},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVE: The Rapid Emergency Alert Communication in Health (REACH) Trial was a randomized control trial to systematically compare and evaluate the effectiveness of traditional and mobile communication modalities for public health agencies to disseminate time-sensitive information to health-care providers (HCPs). We conducted a sub-study to identify the communication channels by which HCPs preferred receiving public health alerts and advisories. METHODS: Enrolled HCPs were blindly randomized into four message delivery groups to receive time-sensitive public health messages by e-mail, fax, or short message service (SMS) or to a no-message control group. Follow-up interviews were conducted 5-10 days after the message. In the final interview, additional questions were asked regarding HCP preferences for receiving public health alerts and advisories. We examined the relationship between key covariates and preferred method of receiving public health alert and advisory messages. RESULTS: Gender, age, provider type, and study site showed statistically significant associations with delivery method preference. Older providers were more likely than younger providers to prefer e-mail or fax, while younger providers were more likely than older providers to prefer receiving messages via SMS. CONCLUSIONS: There is currently no evidence-based research to guide or improve communication between public health agencies and HCPs. Understanding the preferences of providers for receiving alerts and advisories may improve the effectiveness of vital public health communications systems and, in turn, may enhance disease surveillance, aid in early detection, and improve case finding and situational awareness for public health emergencies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2013\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2013')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2013')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2013</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dixon-grannis-revere-measuringtheimpactofahealthinformationexchangeinterventiononproviderbasednotifiablediseasereportingusingmixedmethodsastudyprotocol-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Measuring the impact of a health information exchange intervention on provider-based notifiable disease reporting using mixed methods: a study protocol.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dixon, B. E.; Grannis, S. J.;  and Revere, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>BMC medical informatics and decision making</i>, 13: 121. October 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-13-121\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dixon-grannis-revere-measuringtheimpactofahealthinformationexchangeinterventiononproviderbasednotifiablediseasereportingusingmixedmethodsastudyprotocol-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-13-121', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dixon-grannis-revere-measuringtheimpactofahealthinformationexchangeinterventiononproviderbasednotifiablediseasereportingusingmixedmethodsastudyprotocol-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dixon-grannis-revere-measuringtheimpactofahealthinformationexchangeinterventiononproviderbasednotifiablediseasereportingusingmixedmethodsastudyprotocol-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{dixon_measuring_2013,\n\ttitle = {Measuring the impact of a health information exchange intervention on provider-based notifiable disease reporting using mixed methods: a study protocol},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1472-6947},\n\tshorttitle = {Measuring the impact of a health information exchange intervention on provider-based notifiable disease reporting using mixed methods},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/1472-6947-13-121},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Health information exchange (HIE) is the electronic sharing of data and information between clinical care and public health entities. Previous research has shown that using HIE to electronically report laboratory results to public health can improve surveillance practice, yet there has been little utilization of HIE for improving provider-based disease reporting. This article describes a study protocol that uses mixed methods to evaluate an intervention to electronically pre-populate provider-based notifiable disease case reporting forms with clinical, laboratory and patient data available through an operational HIE. The evaluation seeks to: (1) identify barriers and facilitators to implementation, adoption and utilization of the intervention; (2) measure impacts on workflow, provider awareness, and end-user satisfaction; and (3) describe the contextual factors that impact the effectiveness of the intervention within heterogeneous clinical settings and the HIE.\nMETHODS/DESIGN: The intervention will be implemented over a staggered schedule in one of the largest and oldest HIE infrastructures in the U.S., the Indiana Network for Patient Care. Evaluation will be conducted utilizing a concurrent design mixed methods framework in which qualitative methods are embedded within the quantitative methods. Quantitative data will include reporting rates, timeliness and burden and report completeness and accuracy, analyzed using interrupted time-series and other pre-post comparisons. Qualitative data regarding pre-post provider perceptions of report completeness, accuracy, and timeliness, reporting burden, data quality, benefits, utility, adoption, utilization and impact on reporting workflow will be collected using semi-structured interviews and open-ended survey items. Data will be triangulated to find convergence or agreement by cross-validating results to produce a contextualized portrayal of the facilitators and barriers to implementation and use of the intervention.\nDISCUSSION: By applying mixed research methods and measuring context, facilitators and barriers, and individual, organizational and data quality factors that may impact adoption and utilization of the intervention, we will document whether and how the intervention streamlines provider-based manual reporting workflows, lowers barriers to reporting, increases data completeness, improves reporting timeliness and captures a greater portion of communicable disease burden in the community.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {BMC medical informatics and decision making},\n\tauthor = {Dixon, Brian E. and Grannis, Shaun J. and Revere, Debra},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpmid = {24171799},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3819468},\n\tkeywords = {Clinical Laboratory Information Systems, Clinical Trials as Topic, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Systems, Humans, Information Dissemination, Population Surveillance, Public Health Surveillance, Research Design},\n\tpages = {121},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: Health information exchange (HIE) is the electronic sharing of data and information between clinical care and public health entities. Previous research has shown that using HIE to electronically report laboratory results to public health can improve surveillance practice, yet there has been little utilization of HIE for improving provider-based disease reporting. This article describes a study protocol that uses mixed methods to evaluate an intervention to electronically pre-populate provider-based notifiable disease case reporting forms with clinical, laboratory and patient data available through an operational HIE. The evaluation seeks to: (1) identify barriers and facilitators to implementation, adoption and utilization of the intervention; (2) measure impacts on workflow, provider awareness, and end-user satisfaction; and (3) describe the contextual factors that impact the effectiveness of the intervention within heterogeneous clinical settings and the HIE. METHODS/DESIGN: The intervention will be implemented over a staggered schedule in one of the largest and oldest HIE infrastructures in the U.S., the Indiana Network for Patient Care. Evaluation will be conducted utilizing a concurrent design mixed methods framework in which qualitative methods are embedded within the quantitative methods. Quantitative data will include reporting rates, timeliness and burden and report completeness and accuracy, analyzed using interrupted time-series and other pre-post comparisons. Qualitative data regarding pre-post provider perceptions of report completeness, accuracy, and timeliness, reporting burden, data quality, benefits, utility, adoption, utilization and impact on reporting workflow will be collected using semi-structured interviews and open-ended survey items. Data will be triangulated to find convergence or agreement by cross-validating results to produce a contextualized portrayal of the facilitators and barriers to implementation and use of the intervention. DISCUSSION: By applying mixed research methods and measuring context, facilitators and barriers, and individual, organizational and data quality factors that may impact adoption and utilization of the intervention, we will document whether and how the intervention streamlines provider-based manual reporting workflows, lowers barriers to reporting, increases data completeness, improves reporting timeliness and captures a greater portion of communicable disease burden in the community.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baseman-revere-painter-toyoji-thiede-duchin-publichealthcommunicationsandalertfatigue-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Public health communications and alert fatigue.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Baseman, J. G.; Revere, D.; Painter, I.; Toyoji, M.; Thiede, H.;  and Duchin, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>BMC health services research</i>, 13: 295. August 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-295\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baseman-revere-painter-toyoji-thiede-duchin-publichealthcommunicationsandalertfatigue-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-295', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baseman-revere-painter-toyoji-thiede-duchin-publichealthcommunicationsandalertfatigue-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baseman-revere-painter-toyoji-thiede-duchin-publichealthcommunicationsandalertfatigue-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{baseman_public_2013,\n\ttitle = {Public health communications and alert fatigue},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1472-6963},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/1472-6963-13-295},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care providers play a significant role in large scale health emergency planning, detection, response, recovery and communication with the public. The effectiveness of health care providers in emergency preparedness and response roles depends, in part, on public health agencies communicating information in a way that maximizes the likelihood that the message is delivered, received, deemed credible and, when appropriate, acted on. However, during an emergency, health care providers can become inundated with alerts and advisories through numerous national, state, local and professional communication channels. We conducted an alert fatigue study as a sub-study of a larger randomized controlled trial which aimed to identify the most effective methods of communicating public health messages between public health agencies and providers. We report an analysis of the effects of public health message volume/frequency on recall of specific message content and effect of rate of message communications on health care provider alert fatigue.\nMETHODS: Health care providers enrolled in the larger study (n=528) were randomized to receive public health messages via email, fax, short message service (SMS or cell phone text messaging) or to a control group that did not receive messages. For 12 months, study messages based on real events of public health significance were sent quarterly with follow-up telephone interviews regarding message receipt and topic recall conducted 5-10 days after the message delivery date. During a pandemic when numerous messages are sent, alert fatigue may impact ability to recall whether a specific message has been received due to the &quot;noise&quot; created by the higher number of messages. To determine the impact of &quot;noise&quot; when study messages were sent, we compared health care provider recall of the study message topic to the number of local public health messages sent to health care providers.\nRESULTS: We calculated the mean number of messages that each provider received from local public health during the time period around each study message and provider recall of study message content. We found that recall rates were inversely proportional to the mean number of messages received per week: Every increase of one local public health message per week resulted in a statistically significant 41.2\\% decrease (p {\\textless} 0.01), 95\\% CI [0.39, .87] in the odds of recalling the content of the study message.\nCONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the effects of alert fatigue on health care providers&#x27; recall of information. Our results suggest that information delivered too frequently and/or repetitively through numerous communication channels may have a negative effect on the ability of health care providers to effectively recall emergency information. Keeping health care providers and other first-line responders informed during an emergency is critical. Better coordination between organizations disseminating alerts, advisories and other messages may improve the ability of health care providers to recall public health emergency messages, potentially impacting effective response to public health emergency messages.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {BMC health services research},\n\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet G. and Revere, Debra and Painter, Ian and Toyoji, Mariko and Thiede, Hanne and Duchin, Jeffrey},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpmid = {23915324},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3751004},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Communication, Confidence Intervals, Disasters, Electronic Mail, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Mental Fatigue, Mental Recall, Middle Aged, Public Health, Qualitative Research, Text Messaging, Washington},\n\tpages = {295},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: Health care providers play a significant role in large scale health emergency planning, detection, response, recovery and communication with the public. The effectiveness of health care providers in emergency preparedness and response roles depends, in part, on public health agencies communicating information in a way that maximizes the likelihood that the message is delivered, received, deemed credible and, when appropriate, acted on. However, during an emergency, health care providers can become inundated with alerts and advisories through numerous national, state, local and professional communication channels. We conducted an alert fatigue study as a sub-study of a larger randomized controlled trial which aimed to identify the most effective methods of communicating public health messages between public health agencies and providers. We report an analysis of the effects of public health message volume/frequency on recall of specific message content and effect of rate of message communications on health care provider alert fatigue. METHODS: Health care providers enrolled in the larger study (n=528) were randomized to receive public health messages via email, fax, short message service (SMS or cell phone text messaging) or to a control group that did not receive messages. For 12 months, study messages based on real events of public health significance were sent quarterly with follow-up telephone interviews regarding message receipt and topic recall conducted 5-10 days after the message delivery date. During a pandemic when numerous messages are sent, alert fatigue may impact ability to recall whether a specific message has been received due to the \"noise\" created by the higher number of messages. To determine the impact of \"noise\" when study messages were sent, we compared health care provider recall of the study message topic to the number of local public health messages sent to health care providers. RESULTS: We calculated the mean number of messages that each provider received from local public health during the time period around each study message and provider recall of study message content. We found that recall rates were inversely proportional to the mean number of messages received per week: Every increase of one local public health message per week resulted in a statistically significant 41.2% decrease (p \\textless 0.01), 95% CI [0.39, .87] in the odds of recalling the content of the study message. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the effects of alert fatigue on health care providers' recall of information. Our results suggest that information delivered too frequently and/or repetitively through numerous communication channels may have a negative effect on the ability of health care providers to effectively recall emergency information. Keeping health care providers and other first-line responders informed during an emergency is critical. Better coordination between organizations disseminating alerts, advisories and other messages may improve the ability of health care providers to recall public health emergency messages, potentially impacting effective response to public health emergency messages.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2012\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2012</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hills-revere-altamore-abernethy-lober-timelinessanddataelementcompletenessofimmunizationdatainwashingtonstatein2010acomparisonofdataexchangemethods-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in Washington State in 2010: a comparison of data exchange methods.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hills, R. A.; Revere, D.; Altamore, R.; Abernethy, N. F.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.cirg.washington.edu/pubs/clinical-info-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>, 2012: 340–349.  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hills-revere-altamore-abernethy-lober-timelinessanddataelementcompletenessofimmunizationdatainwashingtonstatein2010acomparisonofdataexchangemethods-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hills-revere-altamore-abernethy-lober-timelinessanddataelementcompletenessofimmunizationdatainwashingtonstatein2010acomparisonofdataexchangemethods-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hills_timeliness_2012,\n\ttitle = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010: a comparison of data exchange methods},\n\tvolume = {2012},\n\tissn = {1942-597X},\n\tshorttitle = {Timeliness and data element completeness of immunization data in {Washington} {State} in 2010},\n\tabstract = {Health information systems receive data through various methods. These data exchange methods have the potential to influence data quality. We assessed a de-identified 2010 dataset including 757,476 demographic records and 2,634,101 vaccination records from Washington State&#x27;s Immunization Information System (IIS) to describe timeliness and completeness of IIS data across several data exchange methods: manual entry, HL7, and flat file upload. Overall, manually-entered data and HL7 records were more timely than records imported as flat files. Completeness, though very high overall, was slightly higher for records arriving via flat file. Washington State IIS users, including clinicians and public health, rely on its data to inform patient care and determine population coverage of immunizations. Our results suggest that although data element completeness in systems like Washington&#x27;s IIS will likely not be immediately or significantly impacted by provider&#x27;s migration to HL7 connections with IISs, timeliness could be substantially improved when using HL7 connections.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Hills, Rebecca A. and Revere, Debra and Altamore, Rita and Abernethy, Neil F. and Lober, William B.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpmid = {23304304},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3540489},\n\tkeywords = {Birth Certificates, Child, Demography, Health Information Systems, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant, Quality Control, Vaccination, Washington},\n\tpages = {340--349},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Health information systems receive data through various methods. These data exchange methods have the potential to influence data quality. We assessed a de-identified 2010 dataset including 757,476 demographic records and 2,634,101 vaccination records from Washington State's Immunization Information System (IIS) to describe timeliness and completeness of IIS data across several data exchange methods: manual entry, HL7, and flat file upload. Overall, manually-entered data and HL7 records were more timely than records imported as flat files. Completeness, though very high overall, was slightly higher for records arriving via flat file. Washington State IIS users, including clinicians and public health, rely on its data to inform patient care and determine population coverage of immunizations. Our results suggest that although data element completeness in systems like Washington's IIS will likely not be immediately or significantly impacted by provider's migration to HL7 connections with IISs, timeliness could be substantially improved when using HL7 connections.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"reeder-revere-hills-baseman-lober-publichealthpracticewithinahealthinformationexchangeinformationneedsandbarrierstodiseasesurveillance-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Public Health Practice within a Health Information Exchange: Information Needs and Barriers to Disease Surveillance.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Reeder, B.; Revere, D.; Hills, R. A.; Baseman, J. G.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.cirg.washington.edu/pubs/clinical-info-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 4(3): ojphi.v4i3.4277.  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('reeder-revere-hills-baseman-lober-publichealthpracticewithinahealthinformationexchangeinformationneedsandbarrierstodiseasesurveillance-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/reeder-revere-hills-baseman-lober-publichealthpracticewithinahealthinformationexchangeinformationneedsandbarrierstodiseasesurveillance-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('reeder-revere-hills-baseman-lober-publichealthpracticewithinahealthinformationexchangeinformationneedsandbarrierstodiseasesurveillance-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{reeder_public_2012,\n\ttitle = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}: {Information} {Needs} and {Barriers} to {Disease} {Surveillance}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tshorttitle = {Public {Health} {Practice} within a {Health} {Information} {Exchange}},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v4i3.4277},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals engage in frequent exchange of health information while pursuing the objectives of protecting and improving population health. Yet, there has been little study of the information work of public health workers with regard to information exchange. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of information work at a local health jurisdiction before and during the early stages of participation in a regional Health Information Exchange.\nMETHODS: We investigated the information work of public health workers engaged in disease surveillance activities at a medium-sized local health jurisdiction by conducting semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzing interview transcripts.\nRESULTS: ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION WORK OF PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS REVEALED BARRIERS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: information system usability; data timeliness, accuracy and completeness; and social interaction with clients. We illustrate these barriers by focusing on the work of epidemiologists.\nCONCLUSION: Characterizing information work and barriers to information exchange for public health workers should be part of early system design efforts. A comprehensive understanding of the information practice of public health workers will inform the design of systems that better support public health work.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Hills, Rebecca A. and Baseman, Janet G. and Lober, William B.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpmid = {23569649},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3615831},\n\tkeywords = {Communication Barriers, Disease Notification, Health Information Technology, Information Services, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Practice},\n\tpages = {ojphi.v4i3.4277},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals engage in frequent exchange of health information while pursuing the objectives of protecting and improving population health. Yet, there has been little study of the information work of public health workers with regard to information exchange. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of information work at a local health jurisdiction before and during the early stages of participation in a regional Health Information Exchange. METHODS: We investigated the information work of public health workers engaged in disease surveillance activities at a medium-sized local health jurisdiction by conducting semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzing interview transcripts. RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION WORK OF PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS REVEALED BARRIERS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: information system usability; data timeliness, accuracy and completeness; and social interaction with clients. We illustrate these barriers by focusing on the work of epidemiologists. CONCLUSION: Characterizing information work and barriers to information exchange for public health workers should be part of early system design efforts. A comprehensive understanding of the information practice of public health workers will inform the design of systems that better support public health work.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"meranus-stergachis-arnold-duchin-assessingvaccinesafetycommunicationwithhealthcareprovidersinalargeurbancounty-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Assessing vaccine safety communication with healthcare providers in a large urban county.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Meranus, D.; Stergachis, A.; Arnold, J.;  and Duchin, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety</i>, 21(3): 269–275. March 2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2245\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('meranus-stergachis-arnold-duchin-assessingvaccinesafetycommunicationwithhealthcareprovidersinalargeurbancounty-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2245', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/meranus-stergachis-arnold-duchin-assessingvaccinesafetycommunicationwithhealthcareprovidersinalargeurbancounty-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('meranus-stergachis-arnold-duchin-assessingvaccinesafetycommunicationwithhealthcareprovidersinalargeurbancounty-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{meranus_assessing_2012,\n\ttitle = {Assessing vaccine safety communication with healthcare providers in a large urban county},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tissn = {1099-1557},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/pds.2245},\n\tabstract = {PURPOSE: Vaccination is the primary public health tool for influenza control. Rapid assessment of the safety of any widely disseminated pandemic influenza vaccine is a public health priority. This study identifies practices, strengths, and weaknesses of vaccine-associated adverse event (AE) reporting to inform public health systems improvement.\nMETHODS: A survey was developed with local and state health agencies&#x27; input. After pre-testing, the survey was distributed online and via mail to a random sample of King County, WA, healthcare professionals, composed of 60 commercial vaccinator employees and school health nurses, 500 physicians, and 300 pharmacists.\nRESULTS: The response rate was 36\\%. Results indicate that if an AE was suspected, 17\\% of respondents would not know how to report it, with 61\\% of respondents citing unclear definitions of a reportable AE as a barrier and 18\\% of respondents unaware of whose responsibility it is to report an AE.\nCONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals who provide immunizations need additional information on their role in vaccine safety and AE reporting. Strengthening both passive and active reporting systems can enhance surveillance efforts during real-time events, such as mass immunization during a pandemic and other large-scale emergency countermeasure distribution programs.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},\n\tauthor = {Meranus, Dana and Stergachis, Andy and Arnold, Jenny and Duchin, Jeffrey},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpmid = {21956894},\n\tkeywords = {Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Communication Barriers, Drug Hypersensitivity, Health Personnel, Humans, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population, Vaccines, Washington},\n\tpages = {269--275},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  PURPOSE: Vaccination is the primary public health tool for influenza control. Rapid assessment of the safety of any widely disseminated pandemic influenza vaccine is a public health priority. This study identifies practices, strengths, and weaknesses of vaccine-associated adverse event (AE) reporting to inform public health systems improvement. METHODS: A survey was developed with local and state health agencies' input. After pre-testing, the survey was distributed online and via mail to a random sample of King County, WA, healthcare professionals, composed of 60 commercial vaccinator employees and school health nurses, 500 physicians, and 300 pharmacists. RESULTS: The response rate was 36%. Results indicate that if an AE was suspected, 17% of respondents would not know how to report it, with 61% of respondents citing unclear definitions of a reportable AE as a barrier and 18% of respondents unaware of whose responsibility it is to report an AE. CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals who provide immunizations need additional information on their role in vaccine safety and AE reporting. Strengthening both passive and active reporting systems can enhance surveillance efforts during real-time events, such as mass immunization during a pandemic and other large-scale emergency countermeasure distribution programs.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2011\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2011')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2011')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2011</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (21)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"berry-blumenstein-halpenny-wolpin-fann-austinseymour-bush-karras-etal-enhancingpatientprovidercommunicationwiththeelectronicselfreportassessmentforcancerarandomizedtrial-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Enhancing patient-provider communication with the electronic self-report assessment for cancer: a randomized trial.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Berry, D. L.; Blumenstein, B. A.; Halpenny, B.; Wolpin, S.; Fann, J. R.; Austin-Seymour, M.; Bush, N.; Karras, B. T.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.cirg.washington.edu/pubs/clinical-info-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>;  and McCorkle, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology</i>, 29(8): 1029–1035. March 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.30.3909\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('berry-blumenstein-halpenny-wolpin-fann-austinseymour-bush-karras-etal-enhancingpatientprovidercommunicationwiththeelectronicselfreportassessmentforcancerarandomizedtrial-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.30.3909', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/berry-blumenstein-halpenny-wolpin-fann-austinseymour-bush-karras-etal-enhancingpatientprovidercommunicationwiththeelectronicselfreportassessmentforcancerarandomizedtrial-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('berry-blumenstein-halpenny-wolpin-fann-austinseymour-bush-karras-etal-enhancingpatientprovidercommunicationwiththeelectronicselfreportassessmentforcancerarandomizedtrial-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{berry_enhancing_2011,\n\ttitle = {Enhancing patient-provider communication with the electronic self-report assessment for cancer: a randomized trial.},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {1527-7755 0732-183X},\n\tdoi = {10.1200/JCO.2010.30.3909},\n\tabstract = {PURPOSE: Although patient-reported cancer symptoms and quality-of-life issues (SQLIs) have been promoted as essential to a comprehensive assessment, efficient  and efficacious methods have not been widely tested in clinical settings. The  purpose of this trial was to determine the effect of the Electronic Self-Report  Assessment-Cancer (ESRA-C) on the likelihood of SQLIs discussed between  clinicians and patients with cancer in ambulatory clinic visits. Secondary  objectives included comparison of visit duration between groups and usefulness of  the ESRA-C as reported by clinicians. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized  controlled trial was conducted in 660 patients with various cancer diagnoses and  stages at two institutions of a comprehensive cancer center. Patient-reported  SQLIs were automatically displayed on a graphical summary and provided to the  clinical team before an on-treatment visit (n = 327); in the control group, no  summary was provided (n = 333). SQLIs were scored for level of severity or  distress. One on-treatment clinic visit was audio recorded for each participant  and then scored for discussion of each SQLI. We hypothesized that problematic  SQLIs would be discussed more often when the intervention was delivered to the  clinicians. RESULTS: The likelihood of SQLIs being discussed differed by  randomized group and depended on whether an SQLI was first reported as  problematic (P = .032). Clinic visits were similar with regard to duration  between groups, and clinicians reported the summary as useful. CONCLUSION: The  ESRA-C is the first electronic self-report application to increase discussion of  SQLIs in a US randomized clinical trial.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tjournal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},\n\tauthor = {Berry, Donna L. and Blumenstein, Brent A. and Halpenny, Barbara and Wolpin, Seth and Fann, Jesse R. and Austin-Seymour, Mary and Bush, Nigel and Karras, Bryant T. and Lober, William B. and McCorkle, Ruth},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21282548},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3068053},\n\tkeywords = {*Ambulatory Care, *Decision Support Systems, Clinical, *Electronic Mail, *Physician-Patient Relations, *Quality of Life, *Self Report, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ambulatory Care, Computer Graphics, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Electronic Mail, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis/psychology/*therapy, Odds Ratio, Physician-Patient Relations, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Self Report, United States, Young Adult},\n\tpages = {1029--1035},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  PURPOSE: Although patient-reported cancer symptoms and quality-of-life issues (SQLIs) have been promoted as essential to a comprehensive assessment, efficient and efficacious methods have not been widely tested in clinical settings. The purpose of this trial was to determine the effect of the Electronic Self-Report Assessment-Cancer (ESRA-C) on the likelihood of SQLIs discussed between clinicians and patients with cancer in ambulatory clinic visits. Secondary objectives included comparison of visit duration between groups and usefulness of the ESRA-C as reported by clinicians. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 660 patients with various cancer diagnoses and stages at two institutions of a comprehensive cancer center. Patient-reported SQLIs were automatically displayed on a graphical summary and provided to the clinical team before an on-treatment visit (n = 327); in the control group, no summary was provided (n = 333). SQLIs were scored for level of severity or distress. One on-treatment clinic visit was audio recorded for each participant and then scored for discussion of each SQLI. We hypothesized that problematic SQLIs would be discussed more often when the intervention was delivered to the clinicians. RESULTS: The likelihood of SQLIs being discussed differed by randomized group and depended on whether an SQLI was first reported as problematic (P = .032). Clinic visits were similar with regard to duration between groups, and clinicians reported the summary as useful. CONCLUSION: The ESRA-C is the first electronic self-report application to increase discussion of SQLIs in a US randomized clinical trial.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"olson-paladini-lober-buckeridge-applyinganewmodelforsharingpopulationhealthdatatonationalsyndromicinfluenzasurveillancedistributeprojectproofofconcept2006to2009-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Applying a New Model for Sharing Population Health Data to National Syndromic Influenza Surveillance: DiSTRIBuTE Project Proof of Concept, 2006 to 2009.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Olson, D. R.; Paladini, M.; Lober, W. B.;  and Buckeridge, D. L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>PLoS currents</i>, 3: RRN1251. August 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1371/currents.RRN1251\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('olson-paladini-lober-buckeridge-applyinganewmodelforsharingpopulationhealthdatatonationalsyndromicinfluenzasurveillancedistributeprojectproofofconcept2006to2009-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1371/currents.RRN1251', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/olson-paladini-lober-buckeridge-applyinganewmodelforsharingpopulationhealthdatatonationalsyndromicinfluenzasurveillancedistributeprojectproofofconcept2006to2009-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('olson-paladini-lober-buckeridge-applyinganewmodelforsharingpopulationhealthdatatonationalsyndromicinfluenzasurveillancedistributeprojectproofofconcept2006to2009-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{olson_applying_2011,\n\ttitle = {Applying a {New} {Model} for {Sharing} {Population} {Health} {Data} to {National} {Syndromic} {Influenza} {Surveillance}: {DiSTRIBuTE} {Project} {Proof} of {Concept}, 2006 to 2009.},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {2157-3999},\n\tdoi = {10.1371/currents.RRN1251},\n\tabstract = {The Distributed Surveillance Taskforce for Real-time Influenza Burden Tracking and Evaluation (DiSTRIBuTE) project began as a pilot effort initiated by the  International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) in autumn 2006 to create a  collaborative electronic emergency department (ED) syndromic influenza-like  illness (ILI) surveillance network based on existing state and local systems and  expertise. DiSTRIBuTE brought together health departments that were interested  in: 1) sharing aggregate level data; 2) maintaining jurisdictional control; 3)  minimizing barriers to participation; and 4) leveraging the flexibility of local  systems to create a dynamic and collaborative surveillance network. This approach  was in contrast to the prevailing paradigm for surveillance where record level  information was collected, stored and analyzed centrally. The DiSTRIBuTE project  was created with a distributed design, where individual level data remained local  and only summarized, stratified counts were reported centrally, thus minimizing  privacy risks. The project was responsive to federal mandates to improve  integration of federal, state, and local biosurveillance capabilities. During the  proof of concept phase, 2006 to 2009, ten jurisdictions from across North America  sent ISDS on a daily to weekly basis year-round, aggregated data by day,  stratified by local ILI syndrome, age-group and region. During this period, data  from participating U.S. state or local health departments captured over 13\\% of  all ED visits nationwide. The initiative focused on state and local health  department trust, expertise, and control. Morbidity trends observed in DiSTRIBuTE  were highly correlated with other influenza surveillance measures. With the  emergence of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the spring of 2009, the project was used  to support information sharing and ad hoc querying at the state and local level.  In the fall of 2009, through a broadly collaborative effort, the project was  expanded to enhance electronic ED surveillance nationwide.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {PLoS currents},\n\tauthor = {Olson, Donald R. and Paladini, Marc and Lober, William B. and Buckeridge, David L.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21894257},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3148528},\n\tpages = {RRN1251},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The Distributed Surveillance Taskforce for Real-time Influenza Burden Tracking and Evaluation (DiSTRIBuTE) project began as a pilot effort initiated by the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) in autumn 2006 to create a collaborative electronic emergency department (ED) syndromic influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance network based on existing state and local systems and expertise. DiSTRIBuTE brought together health departments that were interested in: 1) sharing aggregate level data; 2) maintaining jurisdictional control; 3) minimizing barriers to participation; and 4) leveraging the flexibility of local systems to create a dynamic and collaborative surveillance network. This approach was in contrast to the prevailing paradigm for surveillance where record level information was collected, stored and analyzed centrally. The DiSTRIBuTE project was created with a distributed design, where individual level data remained local and only summarized, stratified counts were reported centrally, thus minimizing privacy risks. The project was responsive to federal mandates to improve integration of federal, state, and local biosurveillance capabilities. During the proof of concept phase, 2006 to 2009, ten jurisdictions from across North America sent ISDS on a daily to weekly basis year-round, aggregated data by day, stratified by local ILI syndrome, age-group and region. During this period, data from participating U.S. state or local health departments captured over 13% of all ED visits nationwide. The initiative focused on state and local health department trust, expertise, and control. Morbidity trends observed in DiSTRIBuTE were highly correlated with other influenza surveillance measures. With the emergence of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the spring of 2009, the project was used to support information sharing and ad hoc querying at the state and local level. In the fall of 2009, through a broadly collaborative effort, the project was expanded to enhance electronic ED surveillance nationwide.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bakare-edwards-stergachis-pal-holmes-lindquist-duncombe-dodoo-etal-globalpharmacovigilanceforantiretroviraldrugsovercomingcontrastingpriorities-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Global pharmacovigilance for antiretroviral drugs: overcoming contrasting priorities.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bakare, N.; Edwards, I. R.; Stergachis, A.; Pal, S.; Holmes, C. B.; Lindquist, M.; Duncombe, C.; Dodoo, A.; Novendstern, J.; Nwokike, J.; Kuchenbecker, R.; Aberg, J. A.; Miller, V.;  and Strobos, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>PLoS medicine</i>, 8(7): e1001054. July 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001054\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bakare-edwards-stergachis-pal-holmes-lindquist-duncombe-dodoo-etal-globalpharmacovigilanceforantiretroviraldrugsovercomingcontrastingpriorities-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001054', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bakare-edwards-stergachis-pal-holmes-lindquist-duncombe-dodoo-etal-globalpharmacovigilanceforantiretroviraldrugsovercomingcontrastingpriorities-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bakare-edwards-stergachis-pal-holmes-lindquist-duncombe-dodoo-etal-globalpharmacovigilanceforantiretroviraldrugsovercomingcontrastingpriorities-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{bakare_global_2011,\n\ttitle = {Global pharmacovigilance for antiretroviral drugs: overcoming contrasting priorities},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {1549-1676},\n\tshorttitle = {Global pharmacovigilance for antiretroviral drugs},\n\tdoi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1001054},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\tjournal = {PLoS medicine},\n\tauthor = {Bakare, Nyasha and Edwards, Ivor Ralph and Stergachis, Andy and Pal, Shanthi and Holmes, Charles B. and Lindquist, Marie and Duncombe, Chris and Dodoo, Alex and Novendstern, Joel and Nwokike, Jude and Kuchenbecker, Ricardo and Aberg, Judith A. and Miller, Veronica and Strobos, Jur},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21750668},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3130019},\n\tkeywords = {Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Confidentiality, Delivery of Health Care, Drug Industry, Humans, Insurance, Health, International Cooperation, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing},\n\tpages = {e1001054},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baseman-revere-effectivenessofpublichealthtohealthcareprovideremergencycommunications-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Effectiveness of Public Health-to-Health Care Provider Emergency Communications.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Baseman, J.;  and Revere, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Vancouver WA, October 2011. \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baseman-revere-effectivenessofpublichealthtohealthcareprovideremergencycommunications-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baseman-revere-effectivenessofpublichealthtohealthcareprovideremergencycommunications-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{baseman_effectiveness_2011,\n\taddress = {Vancouver WA},\n\ttitle = {Effectiveness of {Public} {Health}-to-{Health} {Care} {Provider} {Emergency} {Communications}},\n\tauthor = {Baseman, Janet and Revere, Debra},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2011},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"babigumira-castelnuovo-stergachis-kiragga-shaefer-lamorde-kambugu-muwanga-etal-costeffectivenessofapharmacyonlyrefillprograminalargeurbanhivaidsclinicinuganda-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Cost effectiveness of a pharmacy-only refill program in a large urban HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Babigumira, J. B.; Castelnuovo, B.; Stergachis, A.; Kiragga, A.; Shaefer, P.; Lamorde, M.; Kambugu, A.; Muwanga, A.;  and Garrison, L. P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>PloS One</i>, 6(3): e18193. March 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018193\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('babigumira-castelnuovo-stergachis-kiragga-shaefer-lamorde-kambugu-muwanga-etal-costeffectivenessofapharmacyonlyrefillprograminalargeurbanhivaidsclinicinuganda-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018193', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/babigumira-castelnuovo-stergachis-kiragga-shaefer-lamorde-kambugu-muwanga-etal-costeffectivenessofapharmacyonlyrefillprograminalargeurbanhivaidsclinicinuganda-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('babigumira-castelnuovo-stergachis-kiragga-shaefer-lamorde-kambugu-muwanga-etal-costeffectivenessofapharmacyonlyrefillprograminalargeurbanhivaidsclinicinuganda-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{babigumira_cost_2011,\n\ttitle = {Cost effectiveness of a pharmacy-only refill program in a large urban {HIV}/{AIDS} clinic in {Uganda}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {1932-6203},\n\tdoi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0018193},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries face increasing numbers of patients and workforce shortages. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing a Pharmacy-only Refill Program (PRP), a form of task-shifting, to the Standard of Care (SOC) at a large HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda, the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI). The PRP was started to reduce workforce shortages and optimize patient care by substituting pharmacy visits for SOC involving monthly physician visits for accessing antiretroviral medicines.\nMETHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a retrospective cohort analysis to compare the effectiveness of the PRP compared to SOC. Effectiveness was defined as Favorable Immune Response (FIR), measured as having a CD4 lymphocyte count of over 500 cells/µl at follow-up. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the difference in FIR between patients in the PRP and SOC. We incorporated estimates of effectiveness into an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis performed from a limited societal perspective. We estimated costs from previous studies at IDI and conducted univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We identified 829 patients, 578 in the PRP and 251 in SOC. After 12.8 months (PRP) and 15.1 months (SOC) of follow-up, 18.9\\% of patients had a FIR, 18.6\\% in the PRP and 19.6\\% in SOC. There was a non-significant 9\\% decrease in the odds of having a FIR for PRP compared to SOC after adjusting for other variables (OR 0.93, 95\\% CI 0.55-1.58). The PRP was less costly than the SOC (US\\$ 520 vs. 655 annually, respectively). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing PRP to SOC was US\\$ 13,500 per FIR. PRP remained cost-effective at univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.\nCONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The PRP is more cost-effective than the standard of care. Similar task-shifting programs might help large HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries to cope with increasing numbers of patients seeking care.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {PloS One},\n\tauthor = {Babigumira, Joseph B. and Castelnuovo, Barbara and Stergachis, Andy and Kiragga, Agnes and Shaefer, Petra and Lamorde, Mohammed and Kambugu, Andrew and Muwanga, Alice and Garrison, Louis P.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21464895},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3065481},\n\tkeywords = {Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cities, Computer Simulation, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Demography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Monte Carlo Method, Multivariate Analysis, Pharmacy, Prescription Drugs, Standard of Care, Uganda},\n\tpages = {e18193},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries face increasing numbers of patients and workforce shortages. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing a Pharmacy-only Refill Program (PRP), a form of task-shifting, to the Standard of Care (SOC) at a large HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda, the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI). The PRP was started to reduce workforce shortages and optimize patient care by substituting pharmacy visits for SOC involving monthly physician visits for accessing antiretroviral medicines. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a retrospective cohort analysis to compare the effectiveness of the PRP compared to SOC. Effectiveness was defined as Favorable Immune Response (FIR), measured as having a CD4 lymphocyte count of over 500 cells/µl at follow-up. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the difference in FIR between patients in the PRP and SOC. We incorporated estimates of effectiveness into an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis performed from a limited societal perspective. We estimated costs from previous studies at IDI and conducted univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We identified 829 patients, 578 in the PRP and 251 in SOC. After 12.8 months (PRP) and 15.1 months (SOC) of follow-up, 18.9% of patients had a FIR, 18.6% in the PRP and 19.6% in SOC. There was a non-significant 9% decrease in the odds of having a FIR for PRP compared to SOC after adjusting for other variables (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.55-1.58). The PRP was less costly than the SOC (US$ 520 vs. 655 annually, respectively). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing PRP to SOC was US$ 13,500 per FIR. PRP remained cost-effective at univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The PRP is more cost-effective than the standard of care. Similar task-shifting programs might help large HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries to cope with increasing numbers of patients seeking care.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615786/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615786/', event);\">\n    Applying the XForms Standard to Public Health Case Reporting and Alerting.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hills, R. A; Baseman, J. G; Revere, D.; Boge, C. L K; Oberle, M. W; Doctor, J. N;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.cirg.washington.edu/pubs/clinical-info-publications.html\">Lober, W. B</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 3(2): ojphi.v3i2.3656. November 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615786/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615786/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Applying the XForms Standard to Public Health Case Reporting and Alerting [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hills-baseman-revere-boge-oberle-doctor-lober-applyingthexformsstandardtopublichealthcasereportingandalerting-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hills_applying_2011,\n\ttitle = {Applying the {XForms} {Standard} to {Public} {Health} {Case} {Reporting} and {Alerting}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615786/},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3656},\n\tabstract = {Notifiable condition reporting and alerting are two important public health functions. Today, a variety of methods are used to transfer these types of information. The increasing use of electronic health record systems by healthcare providers makes new types of electronic communication possible. We used the XForms standard and nationally recognized technical profiles to demonstrate the communication of both notifiable condition reports and patient-tailored public health alerts. This demonstration of bi-directional communication took placein a prototypical health information exchange environment. We successfully transferred information between provider electronic health record systems and public health systems for notifiable condition reporting. Patient-specific alerts were successfully sent from public health to provider systems. In this paper we discuss the benefits of XForms, including the use of XML, advanced form controls, form initialization and reduction in scripting. We also review implementation challenges, the maturity of the technology and its suitability for use in public health.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2022-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Hills, Rebecca A and Baseman, Janet G and Revere, Debra and Boge, Craig L K and Oberle, Mark W and Doctor, Jason N and Lober, William B},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {23569609},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3615786},\n\tpages = {ojphi.v3i2.3656},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Notifiable condition reporting and alerting are two important public health functions. Today, a variety of methods are used to transfer these types of information. The increasing use of electronic health record systems by healthcare providers makes new types of electronic communication possible. We used the XForms standard and nationally recognized technical profiles to demonstrate the communication of both notifiable condition reports and patient-tailored public health alerts. This demonstration of bi-directional communication took placein a prototypical health information exchange environment. We successfully transferred information between provider electronic health record systems and public health systems for notifiable condition reporting. Patient-specific alerts were successfully sent from public health to provider systems. In this paper we discuss the benefits of XForms, including the use of XML, advanced form controls, form initialization and reduction in scripting. We also review implementation challenges, the maturity of the technology and its suitability for use in public health.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fuller-frominterventioninformaticstopreventioninformatics-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fuller-frominterventioninformaticstopreventioninformatics-2011', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112', event);\">\n    From intervention informatics to prevention informatics.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fuller, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology</i>, 38(1): 36–41.  2011.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fuller-frominterventioninformaticstopreventioninformatics-2011', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"From intervention informatics to prevention informatics [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fuller-frominterventioninformaticstopreventioninformatics-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fuller-frominterventioninformaticstopreventioninformatics-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fuller-frominterventioninformaticstopreventioninformatics-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{fuller_intervention_2011,\n\ttitle = {From intervention informatics to prevention informatics},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tissn = {1550-8366},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112},\n\tabstract = {The contributions of the information science community to health care are significant, especially through systems supporting clinical care for individual patients, an intervention informatics approach. Though valuable, this strategy is reactive, fails to account for numerous environmental factors affecting personal health and falls short of enhancing human health on a broader scale. An unmet challenge with abundant opportunity lies in prevention informatics, a proactive approach drawing on information science and technologies to deliver greater health gains at a population level. Prevention informatics is marked by a high degree social interactivity in real time, with technologies to bring together disparate data and represent it in an integrated and meaningful way as the basis for action. The approach relies on standards for classifying information, systematic knowledge management and improved methods to collect, mine and visualize data. Tools and software are already in use in locations around the world, relying on smartphone technology and geographic information systems to share community health information and location data. Further advances in prevention informatics will require adoption of common terminologies, visualization tools and GIS mapping, and optimized data exchange to support rapid prevention response.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2022-08-04},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Fuller, Sherrilynne},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bult.2011.1720380112},\n\tpages = {36--41},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The contributions of the information science community to health care are significant, especially through systems supporting clinical care for individual patients, an intervention informatics approach. Though valuable, this strategy is reactive, fails to account for numerous environmental factors affecting personal health and falls short of enhancing human health on a broader scale. An unmet challenge with abundant opportunity lies in prevention informatics, a proactive approach drawing on information science and technologies to deliver greater health gains at a population level. Prevention informatics is marked by a high degree social interactivity in real time, with technologies to bring together disparate data and represent it in an integrated and meaningful way as the basis for action. The approach relies on standards for classifying information, systematic knowledge management and improved methods to collect, mine and visualize data. Tools and software are already in use in locations around the world, relying on smartphone technology and geographic information systems to share community health information and location data. Further advances in prevention informatics will require adoption of common terminologies, visualization tools and GIS mapping, and optimized data exchange to support rapid prevention response.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"keeling-turner-allen-rowe-merrill-liddy-turtle-developmentandevaluationofaprototypesearchenginetomeetpublichealthinformationneeds-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Development and evaluation of a prototype search engine to meet public health information needs.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Keeling, J. W.; Turner, A. M.; Allen, E. E.; Rowe, S. A.; Merrill, J. A.; Liddy, E. D.;  and Turtle, H. R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>, 2011: 693–700.  2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/keeling-turner-allen-rowe-merrill-liddy-turtle-developmentandevaluationofaprototypesearchenginetomeetpublichealthinformationneeds-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('keeling-turner-allen-rowe-merrill-liddy-turtle-developmentandevaluationofaprototypesearchenginetomeetpublichealthinformationneeds-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{keeling_development_2011,\n\ttitle = {Development and evaluation of a prototype search engine to meet public health information needs},\n\tvolume = {2011},\n\tissn = {1942-597X},\n\tabstract = {Grey literature is information not available through commercial publishers. It is a sizable and valuable information source for public health (PH) practice but because documents are not formally indexed the information is difficult to locate. Public Health Information Search (PHIS) was developed to address this problem. NLP techniques were used to create informative document summaries for an extensive collection of grey literature on PH topics. The system was evaluated with PH workers using the critical incident technique in a two stage field evaluation to assess effectiveness in comparison with Google. Document summaries were found to be both helpful and accurate. Increased document collection size and enhanced result rankings improved search effectiveness from 28\\% to 55\\%. PHIS would work best in conjunction with Google or another broad coverage Web search engine when searching for documents and reports as opposed to local health data and primary disease information. PHIS could enhance both the quality and quantity of PH search results.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Keeling, Jonathan W. and Turner, Anne M. and Allen, Eileen E. and Rowe, Steven A. and Merrill, Jacqueline A. and Liddy, Elizabeth D. and Turtle, Howard R.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {22195125},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3243142},\n\tkeywords = {Humans, Internet, Public Health Informatics, Publications, Search Engine},\n\tpages = {693--700},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Grey literature is information not available through commercial publishers. It is a sizable and valuable information source for public health (PH) practice but because documents are not formally indexed the information is difficult to locate. Public Health Information Search (PHIS) was developed to address this problem. NLP techniques were used to create informative document summaries for an extensive collection of grey literature on PH topics. The system was evaluated with PH workers using the critical incident technique in a two stage field evaluation to assess effectiveness in comparison with Google. Document summaries were found to be both helpful and accurate. Increased document collection size and enhanced result rankings improved search effectiveness from 28% to 55%. PHIS would work best in conjunction with Google or another broad coverage Web search engine when searching for documents and reports as opposed to local health data and primary disease information. PHIS could enhance both the quality and quantity of PH search results.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kirchhoff-turner-axelrod-saavedra-applicationofstatisticalmachinetranslationtopublichealthinformationafeasibilitystudy-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Application of statistical machine translation to public health information: a feasibility study.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kirchhoff, K.; Turner, A. M.; Axelrod, A.;  and Saavedra, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA</i>, 18(4): 473–478. August 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000176\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kirchhoff-turner-axelrod-saavedra-applicationofstatisticalmachinetranslationtopublichealthinformationafeasibilitystudy-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000176', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kirchhoff-turner-axelrod-saavedra-applicationofstatisticalmachinetranslationtopublichealthinformationafeasibilitystudy-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kirchhoff-turner-axelrod-saavedra-applicationofstatisticalmachinetranslationtopublichealthinformationafeasibilitystudy-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kirchhoff_application_2011,\n\ttitle = {Application of statistical machine translation to public health information: a feasibility study},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1527-974X},\n\tshorttitle = {Application of statistical machine translation to public health information},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000176},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: Accurate, understandable public health information is important for ensuring the health of the nation. The large portion of the US population with Limited English Proficiency is best served by translations of public-health information into other languages. However, a large number of health departments and primary care clinics face significant barriers to fulfilling federal mandates to provide multilingual materials to Limited English Proficiency individuals. This article presents a pilot study on the feasibility of using freely available statistical machine translation technology to translate health promotion materials.\nDESIGN: The authors gathered health-promotion materials in English from local and national public-health websites. Spanish versions were created by translating the documents using a freely available machine-translation website. Translations were rated for adequacy and fluency, analyzed for errors, manually corrected by a human posteditor, and compared with exclusively manual translations.\nRESULTS: Machine translation plus postediting took 15-53 min per document, compared to the reported days or even weeks for the standard translation process. A blind comparison of machine-assisted and human translations of six documents revealed overall equivalency between machine-translated and manually translated materials. The analysis of translation errors indicated that the most important errors were word-sense errors.\nCONCLUSION: The results indicate that machine translation plus postediting may be an effective method of producing multilingual health materials with equivalent quality but lower cost compared to manual translations.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\n\tauthor = {Kirchhoff, Katrin and Turner, Anne M. and Axelrod, Amittai and Saavedra, Francisco},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21498805},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3128406},\n\tkeywords = {Automation, Consumer Health Information, Feasibility Studies, Health Promotion, Humans, Internet, Multilingualism, Pilot Projects, Translating, United States},\n\tpages = {473--478},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVE: Accurate, understandable public health information is important for ensuring the health of the nation. The large portion of the US population with Limited English Proficiency is best served by translations of public-health information into other languages. However, a large number of health departments and primary care clinics face significant barriers to fulfilling federal mandates to provide multilingual materials to Limited English Proficiency individuals. This article presents a pilot study on the feasibility of using freely available statistical machine translation technology to translate health promotion materials. DESIGN: The authors gathered health-promotion materials in English from local and national public-health websites. Spanish versions were created by translating the documents using a freely available machine-translation website. Translations were rated for adequacy and fluency, analyzed for errors, manually corrected by a human posteditor, and compared with exclusively manual translations. RESULTS: Machine translation plus postediting took 15-53 min per document, compared to the reported days or even weeks for the standard translation process. A blind comparison of machine-assisted and human translations of six documents revealed overall equivalency between machine-translated and manually translated materials. The analysis of translation errors indicated that the most important errors were word-sense errors. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that machine translation plus postediting may be an effective method of producing multilingual health materials with equivalent quality but lower cost compared to manual translations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lober-flowers-consumerempowermentinhealthcareamidtheinternetandsocialmedia-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Consumer empowerment in health care amid the internet and social media.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lober, W. B.;  and Flowers, J. L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Seminars in Oncology Nursing</i>, 27(3): 169–182. August 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2011.04.002\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lober-flowers-consumerempowermentinhealthcareamidtheinternetandsocialmedia-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2011.04.002', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lober-flowers-consumerempowermentinhealthcareamidtheinternetandsocialmedia-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lober-flowers-consumerempowermentinhealthcareamidtheinternetandsocialmedia-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lober_consumer_2011,\n\ttitle = {Consumer empowerment in health care amid the internet and social media},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {1878-3449},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.soncn.2011.04.002},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: Consumer empowerment in health and rapid change in health information and communication technologies have their roots in broader social trends. This article reviews the activities at the intersection of consumer empowerment and technology.\nDATA SOURCES: Technical reports, white papers, books, journal articles, and Web sites.\nCONCLUSION: Social trends are visible in the integration of information and communication technologies into health care, in both searching for and sharing information on the Internet, in the use of social media to create new types of interactions with family, providers, and peers, and in the e-patient, who integrates these new roles and new technologies.\nIMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Changes in both patients and technology will impact oncology nursing practice as new, patient-centered, interactions emerge.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Seminars in Oncology Nursing},\n\tauthor = {Lober, William B. and Flowers, Janine L.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21783008},\n\tkeywords = {Community Participation, Health Education, Humans, Internet, Power, Psychological, Social Support},\n\tpages = {169--182},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVES: Consumer empowerment in health and rapid change in health information and communication technologies have their roots in broader social trends. This article reviews the activities at the intersection of consumer empowerment and technology. DATA SOURCES: Technical reports, white papers, books, journal articles, and Web sites. CONCLUSION: Social trends are visible in the integration of information and communication technologies into health care, in both searching for and sharing information on the Internet, in the use of social media to create new types of interactions with family, providers, and peers, and in the e-patient, who integrates these new roles and new technologies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Changes in both patients and technology will impact oncology nursing practice as new, patient-centered, interactions emerge.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kim-coumar-lober-kim-addressingmentalhealthepidemicamonguniversitystudentsviawebbasedselfscreeningandreferralsystemapreliminarystudy-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Addressing mental health epidemic among university students via web-based, self-screening, and referral system: a preliminary study.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kim, E.; Coumar, A.; Lober, W. B.;  and Kim, Y.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine: a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society</i>, 15(2): 301–307. March 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1109/TITB.2011.2107561\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kim-coumar-lober-kim-addressingmentalhealthepidemicamonguniversitystudentsviawebbasedselfscreeningandreferralsystemapreliminarystudy-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1109/TITB.2011.2107561', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kim-coumar-lober-kim-addressingmentalhealthepidemicamonguniversitystudentsviawebbasedselfscreeningandreferralsystemapreliminarystudy-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kim-coumar-lober-kim-addressingmentalhealthepidemicamonguniversitystudentsviawebbasedselfscreeningandreferralsystemapreliminarystudy-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kim_addressing_2011,\n\ttitle = {Addressing mental health epidemic among university students via web-based, self-screening, and referral system: a preliminary study},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1558-0032},\n\tshorttitle = {Addressing mental health epidemic among university students via web-based, self-screening, and referral system},\n\tdoi = {10.1109/TITB.2011.2107561},\n\tabstract = {The prevalence and severity of mental health problems in college and university communities are alarming. However, the majority of students with mental disorders do not seek help from professionals. To help students assess their mental conditions and encourage them to take an active role in seeking care, we developed a web-based self-screening, referral, and secure communication system and evaluated it at the University of Washington for 17 months. The system handled more than 1000 screenings during the study period. Of the subjects who used the system, 75\\% noted that the system helped them to make a decision to receive help from professionals. The system was able to provide outreach to students with mental health concerns effectively, allow them to self-screen their conditions, and encourage them to receive professional assistance. The system provided students with 24/7 web-based access to the clinic, and more than 50\\% of the system use was made during off-hours. The system was well received by patients, referral managers, and care providers, and it was transferred to the clinic for daily clinical use. We believe that a web-based system like ours could be used as one way to tackle the growing epidemic of mental health problems among college and university students.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine: a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society},\n\tauthor = {Kim, Eung-Hun and Coumar, Anil and Lober, William B. and Kim, Yongmin},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21257386},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Epidemics, Female, Humans, Internet, Male, Mass Screening, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Referral and Consultation, Self Report, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities},\n\tpages = {301--307},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The prevalence and severity of mental health problems in college and university communities are alarming. However, the majority of students with mental disorders do not seek help from professionals. To help students assess their mental conditions and encourage them to take an active role in seeking care, we developed a web-based self-screening, referral, and secure communication system and evaluated it at the University of Washington for 17 months. The system handled more than 1000 screenings during the study period. Of the subjects who used the system, 75% noted that the system helped them to make a decision to receive help from professionals. The system was able to provide outreach to students with mental health concerns effectively, allow them to self-screen their conditions, and encourage them to receive professional assistance. The system provided students with 24/7 web-based access to the clinic, and more than 50% of the system use was made during off-hours. The system was well received by patients, referral managers, and care providers, and it was transferred to the clinic for daily clinical use. We believe that a web-based system like ours could be used as one way to tackle the growing epidemic of mental health problems among college and university students.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lambdin-micek-koepsell-hughes-sherr-pfeiffer-karagianis-lara-etal-patientvolumehumanresourcelevelsandattritionfromhivtreatmentprogramsincentralmozambique-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Patient volume, human resource levels, and attrition from HIV treatment programs in central Mozambique.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lambdin, B. H.; Micek, M. A.; Koepsell, T. D.; Hughes, J. P.; Sherr, K.; Pfeiffer, J.; Karagianis, M.; Lara, J.; Gloyd, S. S.;  and Stergachis, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)</i>, 57(3): e33–39. July 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182167e90\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lambdin-micek-koepsell-hughes-sherr-pfeiffer-karagianis-lara-etal-patientvolumehumanresourcelevelsandattritionfromhivtreatmentprogramsincentralmozambique-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182167e90', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lambdin-micek-koepsell-hughes-sherr-pfeiffer-karagianis-lara-etal-patientvolumehumanresourcelevelsandattritionfromhivtreatmentprogramsincentralmozambique-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lambdin-micek-koepsell-hughes-sherr-pfeiffer-karagianis-lara-etal-patientvolumehumanresourcelevelsandattritionfromhivtreatmentprogramsincentralmozambique-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lambdin_patient_2011,\n\ttitle = {Patient volume, human resource levels, and attrition from {HIV} treatment programs in central {Mozambique}},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tissn = {1944-7884},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182167e90},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Human resource shortages are viewed as one of the primary obstacles to provide effective services to growing patient populations receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to expand ART access further. We examined the relationship of patient volume, human resource levels, and patient characteristics with attrition from HIV treatment programs in central Mozambique.\nMETHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult, ART-naive, nonpregnant patients who initiated ART between January 2006 and June 2008 in the national HIV care program. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of patient volume, clinical staff burden, and pharmacy staff burden with attrition, adjusting for patient characteristics.\nRESULTS: A total of 11,793 patients from 18 clinics were studied. After adjusting for patient characteristics, patients attending clinics with medium pharmacy staff burden [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39 (95\\% CI: 1.07 to 1.80)] and high pharmacy staff burden [HR = 2.09 (95\\% CI: 1.50 to 2.91)] tended to have a higher risk of attrition (P value for trend: {\\textless}0.001). Patients attending clinics with higher clinical staff burden did not have a statistically higher risk of attrition. Patients attending clinics with medium patient volume levels [HR = 1.45 (95\\% CI: 1.04 to 2.04)] and high patient volume levels [HR = 1.41 (95\\% CI: 1.04 to 1.92)] had a higher risk of attrition, but the trend test was not significant (P = 0.198).\nDISCUSSION: Patients attending clinics with higher pharmacy staff burden had a higher risk of attrition. These results highlight a potential area within the health system where interventions could be applied to improve the retention of these patient populations.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)},\n\tauthor = {Lambdin, Barrot H. and Micek, Mark A. and Koepsell, Thomas D. and Hughes, James P. and Sherr, Kenneth and Pfeiffer, James and Karagianis, Marina and Lara, Joseph and Gloyd, Stephen S. and Stergachis, Andy},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21372723},\n\tpmcid = {PMC4551473},\n\tkeywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, Cohort Studies, Community Pharmacy Services, Female, HIV Infections, Health Services Accessibility, Health Workforce, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence, Middle Aged, Mozambique, Patient Dropouts, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult},\n\tpages = {e33--39},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  INTRODUCTION: Human resource shortages are viewed as one of the primary obstacles to provide effective services to growing patient populations receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to expand ART access further. We examined the relationship of patient volume, human resource levels, and patient characteristics with attrition from HIV treatment programs in central Mozambique. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult, ART-naive, nonpregnant patients who initiated ART between January 2006 and June 2008 in the national HIV care program. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of patient volume, clinical staff burden, and pharmacy staff burden with attrition, adjusting for patient characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 11,793 patients from 18 clinics were studied. After adjusting for patient characteristics, patients attending clinics with medium pharmacy staff burden [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.80)] and high pharmacy staff burden [HR = 2.09 (95% CI: 1.50 to 2.91)] tended to have a higher risk of attrition (P value for trend: \\textless0.001). Patients attending clinics with higher clinical staff burden did not have a statistically higher risk of attrition. Patients attending clinics with medium patient volume levels [HR = 1.45 (95% CI: 1.04 to 2.04)] and high patient volume levels [HR = 1.41 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.92)] had a higher risk of attrition, but the trend test was not significant (P = 0.198). DISCUSSION: Patients attending clinics with higher pharmacy staff burden had a higher risk of attrition. These results highlight a potential area within the health system where interventions could be applied to improve the retention of these patient populations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"odegard-tadeg-downing-mekonnen-negussu-bartlein-stergachis-strengtheningpharmaceuticalcareeducationinethiopiathroughinstructionalcollaboration-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Strengthening pharmaceutical care education in Ethiopia through instructional collaboration.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Odegard, P. S.; Tadeg, H.; Downing, D.; Mekonnen, H.; Negussu, M.; Bartlein, R.;  and Stergachis, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education</i>, 75(7): 134. September 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe757134\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('odegard-tadeg-downing-mekonnen-negussu-bartlein-stergachis-strengtheningpharmaceuticalcareeducationinethiopiathroughinstructionalcollaboration-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe757134', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/odegard-tadeg-downing-mekonnen-negussu-bartlein-stergachis-strengtheningpharmaceuticalcareeducationinethiopiathroughinstructionalcollaboration-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('odegard-tadeg-downing-mekonnen-negussu-bartlein-stergachis-strengtheningpharmaceuticalcareeducationinethiopiathroughinstructionalcollaboration-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{odegard_strengthening_2011,\n\ttitle = {Strengthening pharmaceutical care education in {Ethiopia} through instructional collaboration},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {1553-6467},\n\tdoi = {10.5688/ajpe757134},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the development, implementation, and initial outcomes of a pharmaceutical care training-of-trainers course developed to assist Ethiopian pharmacy faculty members and graduate students in the development of curriculum and provision of pharmaceutical care services of relevance to this low-income country.\nDESIGN: In this collaboration, US and Ethiopian faculty members worked together in a week-long seminar and in hospital ward rounds to develop and offer a course to facilitate faculty members, curricular, and service development in pharmaceutical care in Ethiopia.\nASSESSMENT: Assessments were conducted during the seminar, immediately post-seminar, at 3 months post-seminar, and at 1 year post-seminar. An examination was administered at the conclusion of the course to assess immediate learning outcomes for the graduate students. Post-course assessments of short-term (3-month) and longer-term (12-month) impact were conducted to identify pharmaceutical care services that had been implemented to assess knowledge and skill gained during the seminar. Correspondence between seminar participants and the US faculty members as well as graduate student thesis projects provided further evidence of changes at 3 and 12 months post-course.\nCONCLUSION: Pharmaceutical care training was developed for Ethiopian faculty members through a seminar and hospital ward rounds. Enhancements have been added to curricula for bachelor in pharmacy students and select pharmaceutical care services have been implemented through master&#x27;s thesis projects.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\tjournal = {American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education},\n\tauthor = {Odegard, Peggy Soule and Tadeg, Hailu and Downing, Don and Mekonnen, Hailemeskel and Negussu, Mekonnen and Bartlein, Rebecca and Stergachis, Andy},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21969720},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3175665},\n\tkeywords = {Cooperative Behavior, Curriculum, Education, Pharmacy, Graduate, Ethiopia, Faculty, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Pharmaceutical Services, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Students, Pharmacy, Teaching, collaborative, global, pharmaceutical care, preceptor, training},\n\tpages = {134},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVE: To describe the development, implementation, and initial outcomes of a pharmaceutical care training-of-trainers course developed to assist Ethiopian pharmacy faculty members and graduate students in the development of curriculum and provision of pharmaceutical care services of relevance to this low-income country. DESIGN: In this collaboration, US and Ethiopian faculty members worked together in a week-long seminar and in hospital ward rounds to develop and offer a course to facilitate faculty members, curricular, and service development in pharmaceutical care in Ethiopia. ASSESSMENT: Assessments were conducted during the seminar, immediately post-seminar, at 3 months post-seminar, and at 1 year post-seminar. An examination was administered at the conclusion of the course to assess immediate learning outcomes for the graduate students. Post-course assessments of short-term (3-month) and longer-term (12-month) impact were conducted to identify pharmaceutical care services that had been implemented to assess knowledge and skill gained during the seminar. Correspondence between seminar participants and the US faculty members as well as graduate student thesis projects provided further evidence of changes at 3 and 12 months post-course. CONCLUSION: Pharmaceutical care training was developed for Ethiopian faculty members through a seminar and hospital ward rounds. Enhancements have been added to curricula for bachelor in pharmacy students and select pharmaceutical care services have been implemented through master's thesis projects.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"reeder-hills-demiris-revere-pina-reusabledesignaproposedapproachtopublichealthinformaticssystemdesign-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Reusable design: a proposed approach to Public Health Informatics system design.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Reeder, B.; Hills, R. A.; Demiris, G.; Revere, D.;  and Pina, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>BMC public health</i>, 11: 116. February 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-116\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('reeder-hills-demiris-revere-pina-reusabledesignaproposedapproachtopublichealthinformaticssystemdesign-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-116', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/reeder-hills-demiris-revere-pina-reusabledesignaproposedapproachtopublichealthinformaticssystemdesign-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('reeder-hills-demiris-revere-pina-reusabledesignaproposedapproachtopublichealthinformaticssystemdesign-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{reeder_reusable_2011,\n\ttitle = {Reusable design: a proposed approach to {Public} {Health} {Informatics} system design},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1471-2458},\n\tshorttitle = {Reusable design},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/1471-2458-11-116},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Since it was first defined in 1995, Public Health Informatics (PHI) has become a recognized discipline, with a research agenda, defined domain-specific competencies and a specialized corpus of technical knowledge. Information systems form a cornerstone of PHI research and implementation, representing significant progress for the nascent field. However, PHI does not advocate or incorporate standard, domain-appropriate design methods for implementing public health information systems. Reusable design is generalized design advice that can be reused in a range of similar contexts. We propose that PHI create and reuse information design knowledge by taking a systems approach that incorporates design methods from the disciplines of Human-Computer Interaction, Interaction Design and other related disciplines.\nDISCUSSION: Although PHI operates in a domain with unique characteristics, many design problems in public health correspond to classic design problems, suggesting that existing design methods and solution approaches are applicable to the design of public health information systems. Among the numerous methodological frameworks used in other disciplines, we identify scenario-based design and participatory design as two widely-employed methodologies that are appropriate for adoption as PHI standards. We make the case that these methods show promise to create reusable design knowledge in PHI.\nSUMMARY: We propose the formalization of a set of standard design methods within PHI that can be used to pursue a strategy of design knowledge creation and reuse for cost-effective, interoperable public health information systems. We suggest that all public health informaticians should be able to use these design methods and the methods should be incorporated into PHI training.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {BMC public health},\n\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Hills, Rebecca A. and Demiris, George and Revere, Debra and Pina, Jamie},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21333000},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3053242},\n\tkeywords = {Europe, Humans, Program Development, Public Health Informatics, United States},\n\tpages = {116},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: Since it was first defined in 1995, Public Health Informatics (PHI) has become a recognized discipline, with a research agenda, defined domain-specific competencies and a specialized corpus of technical knowledge. Information systems form a cornerstone of PHI research and implementation, representing significant progress for the nascent field. However, PHI does not advocate or incorporate standard, domain-appropriate design methods for implementing public health information systems. Reusable design is generalized design advice that can be reused in a range of similar contexts. We propose that PHI create and reuse information design knowledge by taking a systems approach that incorporates design methods from the disciplines of Human-Computer Interaction, Interaction Design and other related disciplines. DISCUSSION: Although PHI operates in a domain with unique characteristics, many design problems in public health correspond to classic design problems, suggesting that existing design methods and solution approaches are applicable to the design of public health information systems. Among the numerous methodological frameworks used in other disciplines, we identify scenario-based design and participatory design as two widely-employed methodologies that are appropriate for adoption as PHI standards. We make the case that these methods show promise to create reusable design knowledge in PHI. SUMMARY: We propose the formalization of a set of standard design methods within PHI that can be used to pursue a strategy of design knowledge creation and reuse for cost-effective, interoperable public health information systems. We suggest that all public health informaticians should be able to use these design methods and the methods should be incorporated into PHI training.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"payne-detmer-wyatt-buchan-nationalscaleclinicalinformationexchangeintheunitedkingdomlessonsfortheunitedstates-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  National-scale clinical information exchange in the United Kingdom: lessons for the United States.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Payne, T. H.; Detmer, D. E.; Wyatt, J. C.;  and Buchan, I. E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA</i>, 18(1): 91–98. February 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2010.005611\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('payne-detmer-wyatt-buchan-nationalscaleclinicalinformationexchangeintheunitedkingdomlessonsfortheunitedstates-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2010.005611', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/payne-detmer-wyatt-buchan-nationalscaleclinicalinformationexchangeintheunitedkingdomlessonsfortheunitedstates-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('payne-detmer-wyatt-buchan-nationalscaleclinicalinformationexchangeintheunitedkingdomlessonsfortheunitedstates-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{payne_national-scale_2011,\n\ttitle = {National-scale clinical information exchange in the {United} {Kingdom}: lessons for the {United} {States}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1527-974X},\n\tshorttitle = {National-scale clinical information exchange in the {United} {Kingdom}},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/jamia.2010.005611},\n\tabstract = {Over the last four decades, the UK has made large investments in healthcare information technology. The authors conducted interviews and reviewed published and unpublished documents to describe national-scale clinical information exchange in England, how it was achieved, and the problems experienced that the USA might avoid. Clinical information exchange in the UK was accomplished by establishing a foundation of policy, infrastructure, and systems of care, by creating and acquiring clinical computing applications and with strong use of financial and clinical incentives. Many software and hardware vendors played a part in this effort; they participated in a national framework created by the NHS in which standards for exchange are specified and their applications designed to make clinical information exchange part of normal practice. Great potential exists for cost reduction, increased safety, and greater patient involvement as a result of clinical information exchange.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\n\tauthor = {Payne, Thomas H. and Detmer, Don E. and Wyatt, Jeremy C. and Buchan, Iain E.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21134976},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3005869},\n\tkeywords = {Electronic Health Records, General Practice, Health Plan Implementation, Humans, Medical Record Linkage, Models, Organizational, Practice Patterns, Physicians&#x27;, State Medicine, Technology Assessment, Biomedical, United Kingdom, United States},\n\tpages = {91--98},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Over the last four decades, the UK has made large investments in healthcare information technology. The authors conducted interviews and reviewed published and unpublished documents to describe national-scale clinical information exchange in England, how it was achieved, and the problems experienced that the USA might avoid. Clinical information exchange in the UK was accomplished by establishing a foundation of policy, infrastructure, and systems of care, by creating and acquiring clinical computing applications and with strong use of financial and clinical incentives. Many software and hardware vendors played a part in this effort; they participated in a national framework created by the NHS in which standards for exchange are specified and their applications designed to make clinical information exchange part of normal practice. Great potential exists for cost reduction, increased safety, and greater patient involvement as a result of clinical information exchange.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"reeder-turner-scenariobaseddesignamethodforconnectinginformationsystemdesignwithpublichealthoperationsandemergencymanagement-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Scenario-based design: a method for connecting information system design with public health operations and emergency management.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Reeder, B.;  and Turner, A. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Biomedical Informatics</i>, 44(6): 978–988. December 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2011.07.004\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('reeder-turner-scenariobaseddesignamethodforconnectinginformationsystemdesignwithpublichealthoperationsandemergencymanagement-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2011.07.004', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/reeder-turner-scenariobaseddesignamethodforconnectinginformationsystemdesignwithpublichealthoperationsandemergencymanagement-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('reeder-turner-scenariobaseddesignamethodforconnectinginformationsystemdesignwithpublichealthoperationsandemergencymanagement-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{reeder_scenario-based_2011,\n\ttitle = {Scenario-based design: a method for connecting information system design with public health operations and emergency management},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tissn = {1532-0480},\n\tshorttitle = {Scenario-based design},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2011.07.004},\n\tabstract = {Responding to public health emergencies requires rapid and accurate assessment of workforce availability under adverse and changing circumstances. However, public health information systems to support resource management during both routine and emergency operations are currently lacking. We applied scenario-based design as an approach to engage public health practitioners in the creation and validation of an information design to support routine and emergency public health activities.\nMETHODS: Using semi-structured interviews we identified the information needs and activities of senior public health managers of a large municipal health department during routine and emergency operations.\nRESULTS: Interview analysis identified 25 information needs for public health operations management. The identified information needs were used in conjunction with scenario-based design to create 25 scenarios of use and a public health manager persona. Scenarios of use and persona were validated and modified based on follow-up surveys with study participants. Scenarios were used to test and gain feedback on a pilot information system.\nCONCLUSION: The method of scenario-based design was applied to represent the resource management needs of senior-level public health managers under routine and disaster settings. Scenario-based design can be a useful tool for engaging public health practitioners in the design process and to validate an information system design.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Biomedical Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Turner, Anne M.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21807120},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3226920},\n\tkeywords = {Communication, Disaster Planning, Emergencies, Health Services Administration, Humans, Information Dissemination, Information Systems, Interviews as Topic, Public Health Administration, Research Design},\n\tpages = {978--988},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Responding to public health emergencies requires rapid and accurate assessment of workforce availability under adverse and changing circumstances. However, public health information systems to support resource management during both routine and emergency operations are currently lacking. We applied scenario-based design as an approach to engage public health practitioners in the creation and validation of an information design to support routine and emergency public health activities. METHODS: Using semi-structured interviews we identified the information needs and activities of senior public health managers of a large municipal health department during routine and emergency operations. RESULTS: Interview analysis identified 25 information needs for public health operations management. The identified information needs were used in conjunction with scenario-based design to create 25 scenarios of use and a public health manager persona. Scenarios of use and persona were validated and modified based on follow-up surveys with study participants. Scenarios were used to test and gain feedback on a pilot information system. CONCLUSION: The method of scenario-based design was applied to represent the resource management needs of senior-level public health managers under routine and disaster settings. Scenario-based design can be a useful tool for engaging public health practitioners in the design process and to validate an information system design.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-friedlin-gamache-grannis-aframeworkfornovelpopulationhealthdecisionsupporttechnologyforthebidirectionaltransmissionofcliniciancasereporting-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  A framework for novel population health decision support technology for the bidirectional transmission of clinician case reporting.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.; Friedlin, J; Gamache, R;  and Grannis, S\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Washington DC, October 2011. \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-friedlin-gamache-grannis-aframeworkfornovelpopulationhealthdecisionsupporttechnologyforthebidirectionaltransmissionofcliniciancasereporting-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-friedlin-gamache-grannis-aframeworkfornovelpopulationhealthdecisionsupporttechnologyforthebidirectionaltransmissionofcliniciancasereporting-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{revere_framework_2011,\n\taddress = {Washington DC},\n\ttitle = {A framework for novel population health decision support technology for the bidirectional transmission of clinician case reporting},\n\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Friedlin, J and Gamache, R and Grannis, S},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2011},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-nelson-thiede-duchin-stergachis-baseman-publichealthemergencypreparednessandresponsecommunicationswithhealthcareprovidersaliteraturereview-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Public health emergency preparedness and response communications with health care providers: a literature review.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.; Nelson, K.; Thiede, H.; Duchin, J.; Stergachis, A.;  and Baseman, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>BMC public health</i>, 11: 337. May 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-337\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('revere-nelson-thiede-duchin-stergachis-baseman-publichealthemergencypreparednessandresponsecommunicationswithhealthcareprovidersaliteraturereview-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-337', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-nelson-thiede-duchin-stergachis-baseman-publichealthemergencypreparednessandresponsecommunicationswithhealthcareprovidersaliteraturereview-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-nelson-thiede-duchin-stergachis-baseman-publichealthemergencypreparednessandresponsecommunicationswithhealthcareprovidersaliteraturereview-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_public_2011,\n\ttitle = {Public health emergency preparedness and response communications with health care providers: a literature review},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1471-2458},\n\tshorttitle = {Public health emergency preparedness and response communications with health care providers},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/1471-2458-11-337},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care providers (HCPs) play an important role in public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) so need to be aware of public health threats and emergencies. To inform HCPs, public health issues PHEPR messages that provide guidelines and updates, and facilitate surveillance so HCPs will recognize and control communicable diseases, prevent excess deaths and mitigate suffering. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. We conducted a literature review to investigate the systems and tools used by public health to generate PHEPR communications to HCPs, and to identify specific characteristics of message delivery mechanisms and formats that may be associated with effective PHEPR communications.\nMETHODS: A systematic review of peer- and non-peer-reviewed literature focused on the following questions: 1) What public health systems exist for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs? 2) Have these systems been evaluated and, if yes, what criteria were used to evaluate these systems? 3) What have these evaluations discovered about characterizations of the most effective ways for public health agencies to communicate PHEPR messages to HCPs?\nRESULTS: We identified 25 systems or tools for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs. Few articles assessed PHEPR communication systems or messaging methods or outcomes. Only one study compared the effectiveness of the delivery format, device or message itself. We also discovered that the potential is high for HCPs to experience &quot;message overload&quot; given redundancy of PHEPR messaging in multiple formats and/or through different delivery systems.\nCONCLUSIONS: We found that detailed descriptions of PHEPR messaging from public health to HCPs are scarce in the literature and, even when available are rarely evaluated in any systematic fashion. To meet present-day and future information needs for emergency preparedness, more attention needs to be given to evaluating the effectiveness of these systems in a scientifically rigorous manner.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {BMC public health},\n\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Nelson, Kailey and Thiede, Hanne and Duchin, Jeffrey and Stergachis, Andy and Baseman, Janet},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21592390},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3121631},\n\tkeywords = {Civil Defense, Communicable Diseases, Disaster Planning, Health Personnel, Humans, Persuasive Communication, Public Health},\n\tpages = {337},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: Health care providers (HCPs) play an important role in public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) so need to be aware of public health threats and emergencies. To inform HCPs, public health issues PHEPR messages that provide guidelines and updates, and facilitate surveillance so HCPs will recognize and control communicable diseases, prevent excess deaths and mitigate suffering. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. We conducted a literature review to investigate the systems and tools used by public health to generate PHEPR communications to HCPs, and to identify specific characteristics of message delivery mechanisms and formats that may be associated with effective PHEPR communications. METHODS: A systematic review of peer- and non-peer-reviewed literature focused on the following questions: 1) What public health systems exist for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs? 2) Have these systems been evaluated and, if yes, what criteria were used to evaluate these systems? 3) What have these evaluations discovered about characterizations of the most effective ways for public health agencies to communicate PHEPR messages to HCPs? RESULTS: We identified 25 systems or tools for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs. Few articles assessed PHEPR communication systems or messaging methods or outcomes. Only one study compared the effectiveness of the delivery format, device or message itself. We also discovered that the potential is high for HCPs to experience \"message overload\" given redundancy of PHEPR messaging in multiple formats and/or through different delivery systems. CONCLUSIONS: We found that detailed descriptions of PHEPR messaging from public health to HCPs are scarce in the literature and, even when available are rarely evaluated in any systematic fashion. To meet present-day and future information needs for emergency preparedness, more attention needs to be given to evaluating the effectiveness of these systems in a scientifically rigorous manner.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"reeder-revere-olson-lober-perceivedusefulnessofadistributedcommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemapilotqualitativeevaluationstudy-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system: a pilot qualitative evaluation study.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Reeder, B.; Revere, D.; Olson, D. R.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.cirg.washington.edu/pubs/clinical-info-publications.html\">Lober, W. B.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>BMC research notes</i>, 4: 187. June 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-187\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('reeder-revere-olson-lober-perceivedusefulnessofadistributedcommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemapilotqualitativeevaluationstudy-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-187', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/reeder-revere-olson-lober-perceivedusefulnessofadistributedcommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemapilotqualitativeevaluationstudy-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('reeder-revere-olson-lober-perceivedusefulnessofadistributedcommunitybasedsyndromicsurveillancesystemapilotqualitativeevaluationstudy-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{reeder_perceived_2011,\n\ttitle = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system: a pilot qualitative evaluation study},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {1756-0500},\n\tshorttitle = {Perceived usefulness of a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/1756-0500-4-187},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot utility evaluation and information needs assessment of the Distribute Project at the 2010 Washington State Public Health Association (WSPHA) Joint Conference. Distribute is a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system and network for detection of influenza-like illness (ILI). Using qualitative methods, we assessed the perceived usefulness of the Distribute system and explored areas for improvement. Nine state and local public health professionals participated in a focus group (n = 6) and in semi-structured interviews (n = 3). Field notes were taken, summarized and analyzed.\nFINDINGS: Several emergent themes that contribute to the perceived usefulness of system data and the Distribute system were identified: 1) Standardization: a common ILI syndrome definition; 2) Regional Comparability: views that support county-by-county comparisons of syndromic surveillance data; 3) Completeness: complete data for all expected data at a given time; 4) Coverage: data coverage of all jurisdictions in WA state; 5) CONTEXT: metadata incorporated into the views to provide context for graphed data; 6) Trusted Data: verification that information is valid and timely; and 7) Customization: the ability to customize views as necessary. As a result of the focus group, a new county level health jurisdiction expressed interest in contributing data to the Distribute system.\nCONCLUSION: The resulting themes from this study can be used to guide future information design efforts for the Distribute system and other syndromic surveillance systems. In addition, this study demonstrates the benefits of conducting a low cost, qualitative evaluation at a professional conference.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {BMC research notes},\n\tauthor = {Reeder, Blaine and Revere, Debra and Olson, Donald R. and Lober, William B.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21672242},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3146436},\n\tpages = {187},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot utility evaluation and information needs assessment of the Distribute Project at the 2010 Washington State Public Health Association (WSPHA) Joint Conference. Distribute is a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system and network for detection of influenza-like illness (ILI). Using qualitative methods, we assessed the perceived usefulness of the Distribute system and explored areas for improvement. Nine state and local public health professionals participated in a focus group (n = 6) and in semi-structured interviews (n = 3). Field notes were taken, summarized and analyzed. FINDINGS: Several emergent themes that contribute to the perceived usefulness of system data and the Distribute system were identified: 1) Standardization: a common ILI syndrome definition; 2) Regional Comparability: views that support county-by-county comparisons of syndromic surveillance data; 3) Completeness: complete data for all expected data at a given time; 4) Coverage: data coverage of all jurisdictions in WA state; 5) CONTEXT: metadata incorporated into the views to provide context for graphed data; 6) Trusted Data: verification that information is valid and timely; and 7) Customization: the ability to customize views as necessary. As a result of the focus group, a new county level health jurisdiction expressed interest in contributing data to the Distribute system. CONCLUSION: The resulting themes from this study can be used to guide future information design efforts for the Distribute system and other syndromic surveillance systems. In addition, this study demonstrates the benefits of conducting a low cost, qualitative evaluation at a professional conference.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"sangar-weiss-brentlinger-richardson-staedke-kiwuwa-stergachis-patternsofantimalarialdrugtreatmentamongpregnantwomeninuganda-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Patterns of anti-malarial drug treatment among pregnant women in Uganda.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Sangaré, L. R.; Weiss, N. S.; Brentlinger, P. E.; Richardson, B. A.; Staedke, S. G.; Kiwuwa, M. S.;  and Stergachis, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Malaria Journal</i>, 10: 152. June 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-152\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sangar-weiss-brentlinger-richardson-staedke-kiwuwa-stergachis-patternsofantimalarialdrugtreatmentamongpregnantwomeninuganda-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-152', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/sangar-weiss-brentlinger-richardson-staedke-kiwuwa-stergachis-patternsofantimalarialdrugtreatmentamongpregnantwomeninuganda-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('sangar-weiss-brentlinger-richardson-staedke-kiwuwa-stergachis-patternsofantimalarialdrugtreatmentamongpregnantwomeninuganda-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{sangare_patterns_2011,\n\ttitle = {Patterns of anti-malarial drug treatment among pregnant women in {Uganda}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1475-2875},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/1475-2875-10-152},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Prompt use of an effective anti-malarial drug is essential for controlling malaria and its adverse effects in pregnancy. The World Health Organization recommends an artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The study objective was to determine the degree to which presumed episodes of uncomplicated symptomatic malaria in pregnancy were treated with a recommended anti-malarial regimen in a region of Uganda.\nMETHODS: Utilizing a population-based random sample, we interviewed women living in Jinja, Uganda who had been pregnant in the past year.\nRESULTS: Self-reported malaria during the index pregnancy was reported among 67\\% (n = 334) of the 500 participants. Among the 637 self-reported episodes of malaria, an anti-malarial drug was used for treatment in 85\\% of the episodes. Use of a currently recommended treatment in the first trimester was uncommon (5.6\\%). A contraindicated anti-malarial drug (sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and/or artemether-lumefantrine) was involved in 70\\% of first trimester episodes. Recommended anti-malarials were used according to the guidelines in only 30.1\\% of all second and third trimester episodes.\nCONCLUSIONS: Self-reported malaria was extremely common in this population and adherence to treatment guidelines for the management of malaria in pregnancy was poor. Use of artemether-lumefantrine combined with non-recommended anti-malarials was common practice. Overuse of anti-malarial drugs, especially ones that are no longer recommended, undermines malaria control efforts by fueling the spread of drug resistance and delaying appropriate treatment of non-malarial febrile illnesses. Improved diagnostic capacity is essential to ultimately improving the management of malaria-like symptoms during pregnancy and appropriate use of currently available anti-malarials.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Malaria Journal},\n\tauthor = {Sangaré, Laura R. and Weiss, Noel S. and Brentlinger, Paula E. and Richardson, Barbra A. and Staedke, Sarah G. and Kiwuwa, Mpungu S. and Stergachis, Andy},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {21645402},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3118160},\n\tkeywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Antimalarials, Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination, Artemisinins, Drug Combinations, Ethanolamines, Female, Fluorenes, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Malaria, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Uganda, Young Adult},\n\tpages = {152},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  BACKGROUND: Prompt use of an effective anti-malarial drug is essential for controlling malaria and its adverse effects in pregnancy. The World Health Organization recommends an artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The study objective was to determine the degree to which presumed episodes of uncomplicated symptomatic malaria in pregnancy were treated with a recommended anti-malarial regimen in a region of Uganda. METHODS: Utilizing a population-based random sample, we interviewed women living in Jinja, Uganda who had been pregnant in the past year. RESULTS: Self-reported malaria during the index pregnancy was reported among 67% (n = 334) of the 500 participants. Among the 637 self-reported episodes of malaria, an anti-malarial drug was used for treatment in 85% of the episodes. Use of a currently recommended treatment in the first trimester was uncommon (5.6%). A contraindicated anti-malarial drug (sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and/or artemether-lumefantrine) was involved in 70% of first trimester episodes. Recommended anti-malarials were used according to the guidelines in only 30.1% of all second and third trimester episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported malaria was extremely common in this population and adherence to treatment guidelines for the management of malaria in pregnancy was poor. Use of artemether-lumefantrine combined with non-recommended anti-malarials was common practice. Overuse of anti-malarial drugs, especially ones that are no longer recommended, undermines malaria control efforts by fueling the spread of drug resistance and delaying appropriate treatment of non-malarial febrile illnesses. Improved diagnostic capacity is essential to ultimately improving the management of malaria-like symptoms during pregnancy and appropriate use of currently available anti-malarials.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"turner-fuller-patientheldmaternalandorchildhealthrecordsmeetingtheinformationneedsofpatientsandhealthcareprovidersindevelopingcountries-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Patient-Held Maternal and/or Child Health Records: Meeting the Information Needs of Patients and Healthcare Providers in Developing Countries?.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Turner, K. E.;  and Fuller, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 3(2): ojphi.v3i2.3631.  2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3631\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('turner-fuller-patientheldmaternalandorchildhealthrecordsmeetingtheinformationneedsofpatientsandhealthcareprovidersindevelopingcountries-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3631', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/turner-fuller-patientheldmaternalandorchildhealthrecordsmeetingtheinformationneedsofpatientsandhealthcareprovidersindevelopingcountries-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('turner-fuller-patientheldmaternalandorchildhealthrecordsmeetingtheinformationneedsofpatientsandhealthcareprovidersindevelopingcountries-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{turner_patient-held_2011,\n\ttitle = {Patient-{Held} {Maternal} and/or {Child} {Health} {Records}: {Meeting} the {Information} {Needs} of {Patients} and {Healthcare} {Providers} in {Developing} {Countries}?},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tshorttitle = {Patient-{Held} {Maternal} and/or {Child} {Health} {Records}},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v3i2.3631},\n\tabstract = {Though improvements in infant and maternal mortality rates have occurred over time, women and children still die every hour from preventable causes. Various regional, social and economic factors are involved in the ability of women and children to receive adequate care and prevention services. Patient-held maternal and/or child health records have been used for a number of years in many countries to help track health risks, vaccinations and other preventative health measures performed. Though these records are primarily designed to record patient histories and healthcare information and guide healthcare workers providing care, because the records are patient-held, they also allow families a greater ability to track their own health and prevention strategies. A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS PERFORMED TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS: (1) What are maternal information needs regarding pregnancy, post-natal and infant healthcare, especially in developing countries? (2) What is known about maternal information seeking behavior in developing countries? (3) What is the history and current state of maternal and/or child patient-held healthcare records, do they provide for the information needs of the healthcare provider and what are the effects and outcomes of patient-held records in general and for maternal and/or child health in particular? Specific information needs of pregnant women and mothers are rarely studied. The small numbers of maternal information behavior results available indicate that mothers, in general, prefer to receive health information directly from their healthcare provider as opposed to from other sources (written, etc.) Overall, in developing countries, patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records have a mostly positive effect for both patient and care provider. Mothers and children with records tend to have better outcomes in healthcare and preventative measures. Further research into the information behaviors of pregnant women and mothers to determine the extent of reliance on interpersonal information seeking is recommended before expending significant resources on enhanced patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records including storage on mobile devices. In particular, research is needed to explore the utility of providing targeted health messages to mothers regarding their own health and that of their children; this might best be accomplished through mobile technologies.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Turner, Kathleen E. and Fuller, Sherrilynne},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {23569604},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3615781},\n\tkeywords = {Child Health Services, Developing Countries, Information Seeking Behavior, Maternal Health Services, Medical Records},\n\tpages = {ojphi.v3i2.3631},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Though improvements in infant and maternal mortality rates have occurred over time, women and children still die every hour from preventable causes. Various regional, social and economic factors are involved in the ability of women and children to receive adequate care and prevention services. Patient-held maternal and/or child health records have been used for a number of years in many countries to help track health risks, vaccinations and other preventative health measures performed. Though these records are primarily designed to record patient histories and healthcare information and guide healthcare workers providing care, because the records are patient-held, they also allow families a greater ability to track their own health and prevention strategies. A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS PERFORMED TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS: (1) What are maternal information needs regarding pregnancy, post-natal and infant healthcare, especially in developing countries? (2) What is known about maternal information seeking behavior in developing countries? (3) What is the history and current state of maternal and/or child patient-held healthcare records, do they provide for the information needs of the healthcare provider and what are the effects and outcomes of patient-held records in general and for maternal and/or child health in particular? Specific information needs of pregnant women and mothers are rarely studied. The small numbers of maternal information behavior results available indicate that mothers, in general, prefer to receive health information directly from their healthcare provider as opposed to from other sources (written, etc.) Overall, in developing countries, patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records have a mostly positive effect for both patient and care provider. Mothers and children with records tend to have better outcomes in healthcare and preventative measures. Further research into the information behaviors of pregnant women and mothers to determine the extent of reliance on interpersonal information seeking is recommended before expending significant resources on enhanced patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records including storage on mobile devices. In particular, research is needed to explore the utility of providing targeted health messages to mothers regarding their own health and that of their children; this might best be accomplished through mobile technologies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2010\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2010</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dobbs-trebatoski-revere-thenorthwestpublichealthinformationexchangesaccomplishmentsinconnectingahealthinformationexchangewithpublichealth-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Northwest Public Health Information Exchange's Accomplishments in Connecting a Health Information Exchange with Public Health.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dobbs, D.; Trebatoski, M.;  and Revere, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 2(2): ojphi.v2i2.3210.  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3210\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dobbs-trebatoski-revere-thenorthwestpublichealthinformationexchangesaccomplishmentsinconnectingahealthinformationexchangewithpublichealth-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3210', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dobbs-trebatoski-revere-thenorthwestpublichealthinformationexchangesaccomplishmentsinconnectingahealthinformationexchangewithpublichealth-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dobbs-trebatoski-revere-thenorthwestpublichealthinformationexchangesaccomplishmentsinconnectingahealthinformationexchangewithpublichealth-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{dobbs_northwest_2010,\n\ttitle = {The {Northwest} {Public} {Health} {Information} {Exchange}&#x27;s {Accomplishments} in {Connecting} a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} with {Public} {Health}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3210},\n\tabstract = {In 2007 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Request for Proposal for the &quot;Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchange&quot; project. The Situational Awareness project&#x27;s goals are to connect public health with health information exchanges (HIEs) to improve public health&#x27;s real-time understanding of communities&#x27; population health and healthcare facility status. During this same time period the Health and Human Services&#x27; Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology released several reports identifying the growing number of communities involved in health information exchange and outlining the requirements for a Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN). CDC saw the possibilities of using HIEs and the NHIN to accelerate the real-time sharing of clinical and facility-based resource utilization information to enhance local, state, regional, and federal public health in responding to and managing potentially catastrophic infectious disease outbreaks and other public health emergencies. HIEs would provide a unified view of a patient across health care providers and would serve as data collection points for clinical and resource utilization data while NHIN services and standards would be used to capture HIE data of importance and send those data to public health. This article discusses how automated syndromic surveillance data feeds have proven more stable and representative than existing surveillance data feeds and summarizes other accomplishments of the Northwest Public Health Information Exchange in its contribution to the advancement of the National agenda for sharing interoperable health information with public health.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Dobbs, D. and Trebatoski, M. and Revere, D.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpmid = {23569585},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3615762},\n\tkeywords = {Data Collection, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Information Management, Medical Record Linkage, Public Health},\n\tpages = {ojphi.v2i2.3210},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In 2007 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Request for Proposal for the \"Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchange\" project. The Situational Awareness project's goals are to connect public health with health information exchanges (HIEs) to improve public health's real-time understanding of communities' population health and healthcare facility status. During this same time period the Health and Human Services' Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology released several reports identifying the growing number of communities involved in health information exchange and outlining the requirements for a Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN). CDC saw the possibilities of using HIEs and the NHIN to accelerate the real-time sharing of clinical and facility-based resource utilization information to enhance local, state, regional, and federal public health in responding to and managing potentially catastrophic infectious disease outbreaks and other public health emergencies. HIEs would provide a unified view of a patient across health care providers and would serve as data collection points for clinical and resource utilization data while NHIN services and standards would be used to capture HIE data of importance and send those data to public health. This article discusses how automated syndromic surveillance data feeds have proven more stable and representative than existing surveillance data feeds and summarizes other accomplishments of the Northwest Public Health Information Exchange in its contribution to the advancement of the National agenda for sharing interoperable health information with public health.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"trebatoski-davies-revere-dobbs-methodsforleveragingahealthinformationexchangeforpublichealthlessonslearnedfromthenwphieexperience-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Methods for Leveraging a Health Information Exchange for Public Health: Lessons Learned from the NW-PHIE Experience.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Trebatoski, M.; Davies, J.; Revere, D.;  and Dobbs, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 2(2): ojphi.v2i2.3211.  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3211\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('trebatoski-davies-revere-dobbs-methodsforleveragingahealthinformationexchangeforpublichealthlessonslearnedfromthenwphieexperience-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3211', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/trebatoski-davies-revere-dobbs-methodsforleveragingahealthinformationexchangeforpublichealthlessonslearnedfromthenwphieexperience-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('trebatoski-davies-revere-dobbs-methodsforleveragingahealthinformationexchangeforpublichealthlessonslearnedfromthenwphieexperience-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{trebatoski_methods_2010,\n\ttitle = {Methods for {Leveraging} a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} for {Public} {Health}: {Lessons} {Learned} from the {NW}-{PHIE} {Experience}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tshorttitle = {Methods for {Leveraging} a {Health} {Information} {Exchange} for {Public} {Health}},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3211},\n\tabstract = {The intent of this article is to provide public health and health information exchanges (HIEs) insight into activities and processes for connecting public health with clinical care through HIEs. In 2007 the CDC issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the &quot;Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchange&quot; project. The project&#x27;s goals are to connect public health with health information exchanges (HIEs) to improve public health&#x27;s real-time understanding of communities&#x27; population health and healthcare facility status. This article describes the approach and methodology used by the Northwest Public Health Information Exchange to achieve the project&#x27;s goals. The experience of the NWPHIE Collaboration provides an organizational and operational roadmap for implementing a successful regional HIE that ensures secure exchange and use of electronic health information between local and state public health and health care entities.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Trebatoski, M. and Davies, J. and Revere, D. and Dobbs, D.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpmid = {23569587},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3615764},\n\tkeywords = {Data Collection, Electronic Health Records, Health Information Exchange, Information Management, Information Services, Medical Record Linkage, Public Health, Public Health Informatics},\n\tpages = {ojphi.v2i2.3211},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The intent of this article is to provide public health and health information exchanges (HIEs) insight into activities and processes for connecting public health with clinical care through HIEs. In 2007 the CDC issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the \"Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchange\" project. The project's goals are to connect public health with health information exchanges (HIEs) to improve public health's real-time understanding of communities' population health and healthcare facility status. This article describes the approach and methodology used by the Northwest Public Health Information Exchange to achieve the project's goals. The experience of the NWPHIE Collaboration provides an organizational and operational roadmap for implementing a successful regional HIE that ensures secure exchange and use of electronic health information between local and state public health and health care entities.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-stevens-acceleratingpublichealthsituationalawarenessthroughhealthinformationexchangesanannotatedbibliography-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Accelerating Public Health Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchanges: An Annotated Bibliography.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.;  and Stevens, K. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</i>, 2(2): ojphi.v2i2.3212.  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3212\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('revere-stevens-acceleratingpublichealthsituationalawarenessthroughhealthinformationexchangesanannotatedbibliography-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3212', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-stevens-acceleratingpublichealthsituationalawarenessthroughhealthinformationexchangesanannotatedbibliography-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-stevens-acceleratingpublichealthsituationalawarenessthroughhealthinformationexchangesanannotatedbibliography-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_accelerating_2010,\n\ttitle = {Accelerating {Public} {Health} {Situational} {Awareness} through {Health} {Information} {Exchanges}: {An} {Annotated} {Bibliography}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {1947-2579},\n\tshorttitle = {Accelerating {Public} {Health} {Situational} {Awareness} through {Health} {Information} {Exchanges}},\n\tdoi = {10.5210/ojphi.v2i2.3212},\n\tabstract = {In 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention awarded contracts to health information exchanges in Indiana, New York and Washington/Idaho to accelerate public health situational awareness. Awardees in each state have disseminated their findings and lessons at professional conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. The dissemination formats ranged from papers, oral presentations, posters, panels and demonstrations at interoperability showcases. With a focus on health information exchange and public health, topics included biosurveillance, electronic laboratory reporting, broadcast messaging, and notifiable disease surveillance. Each presentation is summarized in this bibliography, and the authors affiliated with each site are highlighted.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal of Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Stevens, Kevin C.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpmid = {23569582},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3615759},\n\tkeywords = {biosurveillance, electronic laboratory reporting, health information exchange, notifiable diseases, situational awareness},\n\tpages = {ojphi.v2i2.3212},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention awarded contracts to health information exchanges in Indiana, New York and Washington/Idaho to accelerate public health situational awareness. Awardees in each state have disseminated their findings and lessons at professional conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. The dissemination formats ranged from papers, oral presentations, posters, panels and demonstrations at interoperability showcases. With a focus on health information exchange and public health, topics included biosurveillance, electronic laboratory reporting, broadcast messaging, and notifiable disease surveillance. Each presentation is summarized in this bibliography, and the authors affiliated with each site are highlighted.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2009\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2009')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2009')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2009</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"karras-richards-oberle-hanrahan-roderer-sondik-davies-koo-etal-competenciesforpublichealthinformaticians2009-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Competencies for Public Health Informaticians 2009.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Karras, B.; Richards, J.; Oberle, M.; Hanrahan, L.; Roderer, N.; Sondik, E.; Davies, J.; Koo, D.; Foldy, S.; Detmer, D.; Corn, M.; Miner, K.; O’Carroll, P.; Lynch, C.; LaVenture, M.; Hare, G.; Savel, T.;  and Ross, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Workforce and Career Development and University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine's Center for Public Health Informatics</i>.  2009.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/karras-richards-oberle-hanrahan-roderer-sondik-davies-koo-etal-competenciesforpublichealthinformaticians2009-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('karras-richards-oberle-hanrahan-roderer-sondik-davies-koo-etal-competenciesforpublichealthinformaticians2009-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{karras_competencies_2009,\n\ttitle = {Competencies for {Public} {Health} {Informaticians} 2009},\n\tjournal = {U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Workforce and Career Development and University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine&#x27;s Center for Public Health Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Karras, Bryant and Richards, Janise and Oberle, Mark and Hanrahan, Larry and Roderer, Nancy and Sondik, Edward and Davies, Jac and Koo, Denise and Foldy, Seth and Detmer, Don and Corn, Milton and Miner, Kathleen and O’Carroll, Patrick and Lynch, Cecil and LaVenture, Marty and Hare, Ginny and Savel, Thomas and Ross, Dave},\n\tyear = {2009},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2008\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2008')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2008')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2008</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"turner-stavri-revere-altamore-fromthegroundupinformationneedsofnursesinaruralpublichealthdepartmentinoregon-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  From the ground up: information needs of nurses in a rural public health department in Oregon.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Turner, A. M.; Stavri, Z.; Revere, D.;  and Altamore, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA</i>, 96(4): 335–342. October 2008.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.008\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('turner-stavri-revere-altamore-fromthegroundupinformationneedsofnursesinaruralpublichealthdepartmentinoregon-2008', 'http://doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.008', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/turner-stavri-revere-altamore-fromthegroundupinformationneedsofnursesinaruralpublichealthdepartmentinoregon-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('turner-stavri-revere-altamore-fromthegroundupinformationneedsofnursesinaruralpublichealthdepartmentinoregon-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{turner_ground_2008,\n\ttitle = {From the ground up: information needs of nurses in a rural public health department in {Oregon}},\n\tvolume = {96},\n\tissn = {1558-9439},\n\tshorttitle = {From the ground up},\n\tdoi = {10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.008},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: The research identified and assessed information needs and resources of public health nurses in a local health department.\nMETHODS: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with seventeen public health nurses at a local health department in rural Oregon. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparative method to assess the information nurses sought and used in their work.\nRESULTS: Public health nurses performed a wide variety of roles and associated tasks. Major themes that emerged from analyses of interview transcripts included: (1) differences in information needs depending on position and role; (2) colleagues as the most efficient and trusted source of information; (3) limitations of existing knowledge-based resources; (4) need for up-to-date and pertinent information; and (5) need for personal computers, basic communications software, and expanded Internet access.\nCONCLUSIONS: Lack of Internet access is a significant barrier to use of information resources, and information tools tailored to meet the needs diverse public health nursing roles and facilitate information sharing among colleagues are needed. Librarians and informaticians can assist by addressing these needs and improving the organization of content and interface design for commonly used websites.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA},\n\tauthor = {Turner, Anne M. and Stavri, Zoe and Revere, Debra and Altamore, Rita},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpmid = {18974810},\n\tpmcid = {PMC2568844},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Anecdotes as Topic, Community Health Nursing, Consumer Health Information, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Information Services, Internet, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, Nurse&#x27;s Role, Oregon, Public Health Nursing, Rural Health Services},\n\tpages = {335--342},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVES: The research identified and assessed information needs and resources of public health nurses in a local health department. METHODS: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with seventeen public health nurses at a local health department in rural Oregon. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparative method to assess the information nurses sought and used in their work. RESULTS: Public health nurses performed a wide variety of roles and associated tasks. Major themes that emerged from analyses of interview transcripts included: (1) differences in information needs depending on position and role; (2) colleagues as the most efficient and trusted source of information; (3) limitations of existing knowledge-based resources; (4) need for up-to-date and pertinent information; and (5) need for personal computers, basic communications software, and expanded Internet access. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of Internet access is a significant barrier to use of information resources, and information tools tailored to meet the needs diverse public health nursing roles and facilitate information sharing among colleagues are needed. Librarians and informaticians can assist by addressing these needs and improving the organization of content and interface design for commonly used websites.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2007\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2007')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2007')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2007</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hristovski-revere-bugni-fuller-friedman-rindflesch-towardsautomaticextractionofresearchfindingsfromtheliterature-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Towards automatic extraction of research findings from the literature.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hristovski, D.; Revere, D.; Bugni, P.; Fuller, S.; Friedman, C.;  and Rindflesch, T. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>,979. October 2007.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hristovski-revere-bugni-fuller-friedman-rindflesch-towardsautomaticextractionofresearchfindingsfromtheliterature-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hristovski-revere-bugni-fuller-friedman-rindflesch-towardsautomaticextractionofresearchfindingsfromtheliterature-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hristovski_towards_2007,\n\ttitle = {Towards automatic extraction of research findings from the literature},\n\tissn = {1942-597X},\n\tabstract = {Most information extraction systems only process an article&#x27;s title and abstract. However, a major source of research findings is an article&#x27;s tables and figures. The aim of this study is to: (1) explore the efficacy of applying a hybrid information extraction system to the problem of identifying research findings in the scientific literature and (2) improve results by processing article title, abstract and table/figure text.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Hristovski, Dimitar and Revere, Debra and Bugni, Paul and Fuller, Sherrilynne and Friedman, Carol and Rindflesch, Thomas C.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpmid = {18694079},\n\tkeywords = {Biomedical Research, Information Storage and Retrieval, Natural Language Processing, Publications},\n\tpages = {979},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Most information extraction systems only process an article's title and abstract. However, a major source of research findings is an article's tables and figures. The aim of this study is to: (1) explore the efficacy of applying a hybrid information extraction system to the problem of identifying research findings in the scientific literature and (2) improve results by processing article title, abstract and table/figure text.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-turner-madhavan-rambo-bugni-kimball-fuller-understandingtheinformationneedsofpublichealthpractitionersaliteraturereviewtoinformdesignofaninteractivedigitalknowledgemanagementsystem-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Understanding the information needs of public health practitioners: a literature review to inform design of an interactive digital knowledge management system.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.; Turner, A. M.; Madhavan, A.; Rambo, N.; Bugni, P. F.; Kimball, A.;  and Fuller, S. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Biomedical Informatics</i>, 40(4): 410–421. August 2007.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2006.12.008\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('revere-turner-madhavan-rambo-bugni-kimball-fuller-understandingtheinformationneedsofpublichealthpractitionersaliteraturereviewtoinformdesignofaninteractivedigitalknowledgemanagementsystem-2007', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2006.12.008', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-turner-madhavan-rambo-bugni-kimball-fuller-understandingtheinformationneedsofpublichealthpractitionersaliteraturereviewtoinformdesignofaninteractivedigitalknowledgemanagementsystem-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-turner-madhavan-rambo-bugni-kimball-fuller-understandingtheinformationneedsofpublichealthpractitionersaliteraturereviewtoinformdesignofaninteractivedigitalknowledgemanagementsystem-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_understanding_2007,\n\ttitle = {Understanding the information needs of public health practitioners: a literature review to inform design of an interactive digital knowledge management system},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {1532-0480},\n\tshorttitle = {Understanding the information needs of public health practitioners},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2006.12.008},\n\tabstract = {The need for rapid access to information to support critical decisions in public health cannot be disputed; however, development of such systems requires an understanding of the actual information needs of public health professionals. This paper reports the results of a literature review focused on the information needs of public health professionals. The authors reviewed the public health literature to answer the following questions: (1) What are the information needs of public health professionals? (2) In what ways are those needs being met? (3) What are the barriers to meeting those needs? (4) What is the role of the Internet in meeting information needs? The review was undertaken in order to develop system requirements to inform the design and development of an interactive digital knowledge management system. The goal of the system is to support the collection, management, and retrieval of public health documents, data, learning objects, and tools.\nMETHOD: The search method extended beyond traditional information resources, such as bibliographic databases, tables of contents (TOC), and bibliographies, to include information resources public health practitioners routinely use or have need to use--for example, grey literature, government reports, Internet-based publications, and meeting abstracts.\nRESULTS: Although few formal studies of information needs and information-seeking behaviors of public health professionals have been reported, the literature consistently indicated a critical need for comprehensive, coordinated, and accessible information to meet the needs of the public health workforce. Major barriers to information access include time, resource reliability, trustworthiness/credibility of information, and &quot;information overload&quot;.\nCONCLUSIONS: Utilizing a novel search method that included the diversity of information resources public health practitioners use, has produced a richer and more useful picture of the information needs of the public health workforce than other literature reviews. There is a critical need for public health digital knowledge management systems designed to reflect the diversity of public health activities, to enable human communications, and to provide multiple access points to critical information resources. Public health librarians and other information specialists can serve a significant role in helping public health professionals meet their information needs through the development of evidence-based decision support systems, human-mediated expert searching and training in the use information retrieval systems.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Biomedical Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Turner, Anne M. and Madhavan, Ann and Rambo, Neil and Bugni, Paul F. and Kimball, AnnMarie and Fuller, Sherrilynne S.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpmid = {17324632},\n\tkeywords = {Artificial Intelligence, Database Management Systems, Information Dissemination, Information Storage and Retrieval, Medical Informatics, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Needs Assessment, Public Health Practice, Software Design, User-Computer Interface},\n\tpages = {410--421},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The need for rapid access to information to support critical decisions in public health cannot be disputed; however, development of such systems requires an understanding of the actual information needs of public health professionals. This paper reports the results of a literature review focused on the information needs of public health professionals. The authors reviewed the public health literature to answer the following questions: (1) What are the information needs of public health professionals? (2) In what ways are those needs being met? (3) What are the barriers to meeting those needs? (4) What is the role of the Internet in meeting information needs? The review was undertaken in order to develop system requirements to inform the design and development of an interactive digital knowledge management system. The goal of the system is to support the collection, management, and retrieval of public health documents, data, learning objects, and tools. METHOD: The search method extended beyond traditional information resources, such as bibliographic databases, tables of contents (TOC), and bibliographies, to include information resources public health practitioners routinely use or have need to use–for example, grey literature, government reports, Internet-based publications, and meeting abstracts. RESULTS: Although few formal studies of information needs and information-seeking behaviors of public health professionals have been reported, the literature consistently indicated a critical need for comprehensive, coordinated, and accessible information to meet the needs of the public health workforce. Major barriers to information access include time, resource reliability, trustworthiness/credibility of information, and \"information overload\". CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing a novel search method that included the diversity of information resources public health practitioners use, has produced a richer and more useful picture of the information needs of the public health workforce than other literature reviews. There is a critical need for public health digital knowledge management systems designed to reflect the diversity of public health activities, to enable human communications, and to provide multiple access points to critical information resources. Public health librarians and other information specialists can serve a significant role in helping public health professionals meet their information needs through the development of evidence-based decision support systems, human-mediated expert searching and training in the use information retrieval systems.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2006\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2006')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2006')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2006</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-fuller-bugni-aninteractivedigitalknowledgemanagementsystemtoimprovepublichealthpractitionersaccesstopublichealthresources-2006\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  An interactive digital knowledge management system to improve public health practitioners' access to public health resources.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.; Fuller, S.;  and Bugni, P. F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>,1074.  2006.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-fuller-bugni-aninteractivedigitalknowledgemanagementsystemtoimprovepublichealthpractitionersaccesstopublichealthresources-2006\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-fuller-bugni-aninteractivedigitalknowledgemanagementsystemtoimprovepublichealthpractitionersaccesstopublichealthresources-2006')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_interactive_2006,\n\ttitle = {An interactive digital knowledge management system to improve public health practitioners&#x27; access to public health resources},\n\tissn = {1942-597X},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Revere, Debra and Fuller, Sherrilynne and Bugni, Paul F.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpmid = {17238693},\n\tpmcid = {PMC1839488},\n\tkeywords = {Access to Information, Information Management, Information Systems, Public Health Informatics},\n\tpages = {1074},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2002\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2002')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2002')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2002</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"patrickwocarroll-informaticscompetenciesforpublichealthprofessionals-2002\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Informatics Competencies for Public Health Professionals.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Patrick W. O’Carroll\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine</i>. August 2002.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/patrickwocarroll-informaticscompetenciesforpublichealthprofessionals-2002\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('patrickwocarroll-informaticscompetenciesforpublichealthprofessionals-2002')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{patrick_w_ocarroll_informatics_2002,\n\ttitle = {Informatics {Competencies} for {Public} {Health} {Professionals}},\n\tjournal = {Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine},\n\tauthor = {{Patrick W. O’Carroll}},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2002},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2001\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2001')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2001')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2001</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-dunbar-reviewofcomputergeneratedoutpatienthealthbehaviorinterventionsclinicalencountersinabsentia-2001\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Review of computer-generated outpatient health behavior interventions: clinical encounters \"in absentia\".\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.;  and Dunbar, P. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA</i>, 8(1): 62–79. February 2001.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2001.0080062\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('revere-dunbar-reviewofcomputergeneratedoutpatienthealthbehaviorinterventionsclinicalencountersinabsentia-2001', 'http://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2001.0080062', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-dunbar-reviewofcomputergeneratedoutpatienthealthbehaviorinterventionsclinicalencountersinabsentia-2001\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-dunbar-reviewofcomputergeneratedoutpatienthealthbehaviorinterventionsclinicalencountersinabsentia-2001')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_review_2001,\n\ttitle = {Review of computer-generated outpatient health behavior interventions: clinical encounters &quot;in absentia&quot;},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {1067-5027},\n\tshorttitle = {Review of computer-generated outpatient health behavior interventions},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/jamia.2001.0080062},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence of the effectiveness of computer-generated health behavior interventions-clinical encounters &quot;in absentia&quot;-as extensions of face-to-face patient care in an ambulatory setting.\nDATA SOURCES: Systematic electronic database and manual searches of multiple sources (1996-1999) plus search for gray literature were conducted to identify clinical trials using computer-generated health behavior interventions to motivate individuals to adopt treatment regimens, focusing on patient-interactive interventions and use of health behavior models.\nSTUDY SELECTION: Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled studies with some evidence of instrument reliability and validity; use of at least one patient-interactive targeted or tailored feedback, reminder, or educational intervention intended to influence or improve a stated health behavior; and an association between one intervention variable and a health behavior.\nDATA EXTRACTION: Studies were described by delivery device (print, automated telephone, computer, and mobile communication) and intervention type (personalized, targeted, and tailored). We employed qualitative methods to analyze the retrieval set and explore the issue of patient interactive computer-generated behavioral intervention systems.\nDATA SYNTHESIS: Studies varied widely in methodology, quality, subject number, and characteristics, measurement of effects and health behavior focus. Of 37 eligible trials, 34 (91.9 percent) reported either statistically significant or improved outcomes. Fourteen studies used targeted interventions; 23 used tailored. Of the 14 targeted intervention studies, 13 (92.9 percent) reported improved outcomes. Of the 23 tailored intervention studies, 21 (91.3 percent) reported improved outcomes.\nCONCLUSIONS: The literature indicates that computer-generated health behavior interventions are effective. While there is evidence that tailored interventions can more positively affect health behavior change than can targeted, personalized or generic interventions, there is little research comparing different tailoring protocols with one another. Only those studies using print and telephone devices reported a theoretic basis for their methodology. Future studies need to identify which models are best suited to which health behavior, whether certain delivery devices are more appropriate for different health behaviors, and how ambulatory care can benefit from patients&#x27; use of portable devices.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},\n\tauthor = {Revere, D. and Dunbar, P. J.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpmid = {11141513},\n\tpmcid = {PMC134592},\n\tkeywords = {Ambulatory Care, Communication, Computer Systems, Exercise, Health Behavior, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Models, Psychological, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Patient Education as Topic, Preventive Health Services, Reminder Systems, Smoking Cessation, Telephone},\n\tpages = {62--79},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence of the effectiveness of computer-generated health behavior interventions-clinical encounters \"in absentia\"-as extensions of face-to-face patient care in an ambulatory setting. DATA SOURCES: Systematic electronic database and manual searches of multiple sources (1996-1999) plus search for gray literature were conducted to identify clinical trials using computer-generated health behavior interventions to motivate individuals to adopt treatment regimens, focusing on patient-interactive interventions and use of health behavior models. STUDY SELECTION: Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled studies with some evidence of instrument reliability and validity; use of at least one patient-interactive targeted or tailored feedback, reminder, or educational intervention intended to influence or improve a stated health behavior; and an association between one intervention variable and a health behavior. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were described by delivery device (print, automated telephone, computer, and mobile communication) and intervention type (personalized, targeted, and tailored). We employed qualitative methods to analyze the retrieval set and explore the issue of patient interactive computer-generated behavioral intervention systems. DATA SYNTHESIS: Studies varied widely in methodology, quality, subject number, and characteristics, measurement of effects and health behavior focus. Of 37 eligible trials, 34 (91.9 percent) reported either statistically significant or improved outcomes. Fourteen studies used targeted interventions; 23 used tailored. Of the 14 targeted intervention studies, 13 (92.9 percent) reported improved outcomes. Of the 23 tailored intervention studies, 21 (91.3 percent) reported improved outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The literature indicates that computer-generated health behavior interventions are effective. While there is evidence that tailored interventions can more positively affect health behavior change than can targeted, personalized or generic interventions, there is little research comparing different tailoring protocols with one another. Only those studies using print and telephone devices reported a theoretic basis for their methodology. Future studies need to identify which models are best suited to which health behavior, whether certain delivery devices are more appropriate for different health behaviors, and how ambulatory care can benefit from patients' use of portable devices.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"karras-kimball-gonzales-pautler-alarcn-garcia-fuller-informaticsforperuinthenewmillennium-2001\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Informatics for Peru in the new millennium.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Karras, B. T.; Kimball, A. M.; Gonzales, V.; Pautler, N. A.; Alarcón, J.; Garcia, P. J.;  and Fuller, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Studies in Health Technology and Informatics</i>, 84(Pt 2): 1033–1037.  2001.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/karras-kimball-gonzales-pautler-alarcn-garcia-fuller-informaticsforperuinthenewmillennium-2001\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('karras-kimball-gonzales-pautler-alarcn-garcia-fuller-informaticsforperuinthenewmillennium-2001')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{karras_informatics_2001,\n\ttitle = {Informatics for {Peru} in the new millennium},\n\tvolume = {84},\n\tissn = {0926-9630},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: As efforts continue to narrow the digital divide between the North and South, a new biomedical and health informatics training effort has been launched in Peru. This report describes the first year of work on this collaborative effort between the University of Washington (Seattle) Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and Universidad Nacional de San Marcos (Peru)\nOBJECTIVES: To describe activities in the first year of a new International Research and Training Program in Biomedical and Health Informatics.\nMETHODS: Descriptive analysis of key activities including an assessment of electronic environment through observation and survey, an in country short course with quantitative evaluation, and first round of recruitment of Peruvian scholars for long-term training in Seattle.\nRESULTS: A two-week short course on informatics was held in the country. Participants&#x27; success in learning was demonstrated through pretest/posttest. A systematic assessment of electronic environment in Peru was carried out and two scholars for long-term training were enrolled at the University of Washington, Seattle.\nDISCUSSION: Initial activity in the collaborative training effort has been high. Of particular importance in this environment is orchestration of efforts among interested parties with similar goals in Peru, and integration of informatics skills into ongoing large-scale research projects in country.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {Pt 2},\n\tjournal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Karras, B. T. and Kimball, A. M. and Gonzales, V. and Pautler, N. A. and Alarcón, J. and Garcia, P. J. and Fuller, S.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpmid = {11604888},\n\tkeywords = {International Cooperation, Medical Informatics, Peru, Program Evaluation, United States, Washington},\n\tpages = {1033--1037},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  INTRODUCTION: As efforts continue to narrow the digital divide between the North and South, a new biomedical and health informatics training effort has been launched in Peru. This report describes the first year of work on this collaborative effort between the University of Washington (Seattle) Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and Universidad Nacional de San Marcos (Peru) OBJECTIVES: To describe activities in the first year of a new International Research and Training Program in Biomedical and Health Informatics. METHODS: Descriptive analysis of key activities including an assessment of electronic environment through observation and survey, an in country short course with quantitative evaluation, and first round of recruitment of Peruvian scholars for long-term training in Seattle. RESULTS: A two-week short course on informatics was held in the country. Participants' success in learning was demonstrated through pretest/posttest. A systematic assessment of electronic environment in Peru was carried out and two scholars for long-term training were enrolled at the University of Washington, Seattle. DISCUSSION: Initial activity in the collaborative training effort has been high. Of particular importance in this environment is orchestration of efforts among interested parties with similar goals in Peru, and integration of informatics skills into ongoing large-scale research projects in country.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lober-trigg-bliss-brinkley-imlanimagemarkuplanguage-2001\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  IML: An image markup language.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lober, W. B.; Trigg, L. J.; Bliss, D.;  and Brinkley, J. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Proceedings. AMIA Symposium</i>,403–407.  2001.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lober-trigg-bliss-brinkley-imlanimagemarkuplanguage-2001\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lober-trigg-bliss-brinkley-imlanimagemarkuplanguage-2001')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lober_iml_2001,\n\ttitle = {{IML}: {An} image markup language},\n\tissn = {1531-605X},\n\tshorttitle = {{IML}},\n\tabstract = {Image Markup Language is an extensible markup language (XML) schema used to describe both image metadata and annotations. It describes both data pertaining to an entire image, and data that are tied to specific regions or features of the image. Developed for a specific domain in Medical Education, this pa-per describes extensions to take advantage of the Dublin Core metadata standard, and of an XML schema for vector graphics representation. We have developed a prototype system of open source tools implementing an authoring system, a client system, and an image annotation database which can be queried though the Web.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings. AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Lober, W. B. and Trigg, L. J. and Bliss, D. and Brinkley, J. M.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpmid = {11825219},\n\tpmcid = {PMC2243617},\n\tkeywords = {Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Programming Languages, Software},\n\tpages = {403--407},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Image Markup Language is an extensible markup language (XML) schema used to describe both image metadata and annotations. It describes both data pertaining to an entire image, and data that are tied to specific regions or features of the image. Developed for a specific domain in Medical Education, this pa-per describes extensions to take advantage of the Dublin Core metadata standard, and of an XML schema for vector graphics representation. We have developed a prototype system of open source tools implementing an authoring system, a client system, and an image annotation database which can be queried though the Web.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"puschel-thompson-coronado-lopez-kimball-factorsrelatedtocancerscreeninginhispanicsacomparisonoftheperceptionsofhispaniccommunitymembershealthcareprovidersandrepresentativesoforganizationsthatservehispanics-2001\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Factors related to cancer screening in Hispanics: a comparison of the perceptions of Hispanic community members, health care providers, and representatives of organizations that serve Hispanics.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Puschel, K.; Thompson, B.; Coronado, G. D.; Lopez, L. C.;  and Kimball, A. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Health Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education</i>, 28(5): 573–590. October 2001.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/109019810102800505\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('puschel-thompson-coronado-lopez-kimball-factorsrelatedtocancerscreeninginhispanicsacomparisonoftheperceptionsofhispaniccommunitymembershealthcareprovidersandrepresentativesoforganizationsthatservehispanics-2001', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/109019810102800505', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/puschel-thompson-coronado-lopez-kimball-factorsrelatedtocancerscreeninginhispanicsacomparisonoftheperceptionsofhispaniccommunitymembershealthcareprovidersandrepresentativesoforganizationsthatservehispanics-2001\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('puschel-thompson-coronado-lopez-kimball-factorsrelatedtocancerscreeninginhispanicsacomparisonoftheperceptionsofhispaniccommunitymembershealthcareprovidersandrepresentativesoforganizationsthatservehispanics-2001')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{puschel_factors_2001,\n\ttitle = {Factors related to cancer screening in {Hispanics}: a comparison of the perceptions of {Hispanic} community members, health care providers, and representatives of organizations that serve {Hispanics}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {1090-1981},\n\tshorttitle = {Factors related to cancer screening in {Hispanics}},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/109019810102800505},\n\tabstract = {Hispanics have lower rates of screening for cervical, breast, and colon cancer than non-Hispanics. Activities to increase cancer screening in this population may not be informed by Hispanics, which may have implications for success rates of interventions. In this study, the perceptions about cancer screening behaviors in Hispanics are compared among three groups: a random sample of respondents (75\\% Hispanic) to a population-based survey, health care providers (primarily non-Hispanic), and representatives of organizations that serve Hispanics (36\\% Hispanic). While there was agreement that socioeconomic factors were important for cancer screening, differing views were expressed regarding the importance of cultural factors for cancer screening among Hispanics. Interventions developed by those who serve the Hispanic population may be based on inaccurate perceptions about the beliefs and practices of the population served. For effective interventions, it will be necessary to understand the factors important to Hispanics for cancer screening.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Health Education \\&amp; Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education},\n\tauthor = {Puschel, K. and Thompson, B. and Coronado, G. D. and Lopez, L. C. and Kimball, A. M.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpmid = {11575687},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Community Health Services, Culture, Data Collection, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Neoplasms, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Socioeconomic Factors, Washington},\n\tpages = {573--590},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Hispanics have lower rates of screening for cervical, breast, and colon cancer than non-Hispanics. Activities to increase cancer screening in this population may not be informed by Hispanics, which may have implications for success rates of interventions. In this study, the perceptions about cancer screening behaviors in Hispanics are compared among three groups: a random sample of respondents (75% Hispanic) to a population-based survey, health care providers (primarily non-Hispanic), and representatives of organizations that serve Hispanics (36% Hispanic). While there was agreement that socioeconomic factors were important for cancer screening, differing views were expressed regarding the importance of cultural factors for cancer screening among Hispanics. Interventions developed by those who serve the Hispanic population may be based on inaccurate perceptions about the beliefs and practices of the population served. For effective interventions, it will be necessary to understand the factors important to Hispanics for cancer screening.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2000\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2000')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2000')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2000</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"revere-dunbar-creatinganewtherapeuticrelationshipusingtwowaypagerstodelivercontinuouscaretooutpatients-2000\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2243886/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'revere-dunbar-creatinganewtherapeuticrelationshipusingtwowaypagerstodelivercontinuouscaretooutpatients-2000', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2243886/', event);\">\n    Creating a New Therapeutic Relationship: Using Two-way Pagers to Deliver Continuous Care to Outpatients.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Revere, D.;  and Dunbar, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Proceedings of the AMIA Symposium</i>,1116.  2000.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2243886/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('revere-dunbar-creatinganewtherapeuticrelationshipusingtwowaypagerstodelivercontinuouscaretooutpatients-2000', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2243886/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Creating a New Therapeutic Relationship: Using Two-way Pagers to Deliver Continuous Care to Outpatients [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/revere-dunbar-creatinganewtherapeuticrelationshipusingtwowaypagerstodelivercontinuouscaretooutpatients-2000\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('revere-dunbar-creatinganewtherapeuticrelationshipusingtwowaypagerstodelivercontinuouscaretooutpatients-2000')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{revere_creating_2000,\n\ttitle = {Creating a {New} {Therapeutic} {Relationship}: {Using} {Two}-way {Pagers} to {Deliver} {Continuous} {Care} to {Outpatients}},\n\tissn = {1531-605X},\n\tshorttitle = {Creating a {New} {Therapeutic} {Relationship}},\n\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2243886/},\n\turldate = {2022-08-17},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the AMIA Symposium},\n\tauthor = {Revere, D. and Dunbar, P.J.},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tpmid = {null},\n\tpmcid = {PMC2243886},\n\tpages = {1116},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1999\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1999')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1999')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1999</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kimball-horwitch-ocarroll-arjoso-kunanusont-lin-meyer-schubert-etal-theasianpacificeconomiccooperationemerginginfectionsnetwork-1999\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Emerging Infections Network.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kimball, A. M.; Horwitch, C. A.; O'Carroll, P. W.; Arjoso, S.; Kunanusont, C.; Lin, Y. S.; Meyer, C. M.; Schubert, L. E.;  and Dunham, P. L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>American Journal of Preventive Medicine</i>, 17(2): 156–158. August 1999.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00051-3\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kimball-horwitch-ocarroll-arjoso-kunanusont-lin-meyer-schubert-etal-theasianpacificeconomiccooperationemerginginfectionsnetwork-1999', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00051-3', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kimball-horwitch-ocarroll-arjoso-kunanusont-lin-meyer-schubert-etal-theasianpacificeconomiccooperationemerginginfectionsnetwork-1999\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kimball-horwitch-ocarroll-arjoso-kunanusont-lin-meyer-schubert-etal-theasianpacificeconomiccooperationemerginginfectionsnetwork-1999')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kimball_asian_1999,\n\ttitle = {The {Asian} {Pacific} {Economic} {Cooperation} {Emerging} {Infections} {Network}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {0749-3797},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00051-3},\n\tabstract = {ISSUE: The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has undertaken an initiative in emerging infections.\nPROJECT: The APEC Emerging Infections Network project uses collaborative telecommunications tools such as e-mail and a World Wide Web site to bridge the broad geographic expanse and diversity of APEC. Scientists and policymakers share information to effectively combat emerging infectious disease (EID) through surveillance, prevention, research, and control measures.\nRESULTS: In the project&#x27;s first year, site visits compiled information on Internet access in selected economies. Information sharing via electronic lists has been successful; feedback suggests that these strategies will become increasingly useful. The Emerging Infections Network (EINet) Web site includes project information, library access, surveillance data, prevention guidelines, and distance learning resources. A pilot effort to promote the secure electronic exchange of surveillance data demonstrated that informal communications may be both preferable and more feasible during the early stages of this project.\nLESSONS LEARNED: Human networking is as important as technology-based networking in addressing emerging infections. Internet technology in some APEC economies is barely adequate, but is becoming more reliable and accessible. Numerous member economies are eager to be included in project activities.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Kimball, A. M. and Horwitch, C. A. and O&#x27;Carroll, P. W. and Arjoso, S. and Kunanusont, C. and Lin, Y. S. and Meyer, C. M. and Schubert, L. E. and Dunham, P. L.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tpmid = {10490062},\n\tkeywords = {Asia, Communicable Disease Control, Computer Communication Networks, Data Collection, Humans, International Cooperation, Medical Informatics, Pacific States, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Tuberculosis},\n\tpages = {156--158},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  ISSUE: The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has undertaken an initiative in emerging infections. PROJECT: The APEC Emerging Infections Network project uses collaborative telecommunications tools such as e-mail and a World Wide Web site to bridge the broad geographic expanse and diversity of APEC. Scientists and policymakers share information to effectively combat emerging infectious disease (EID) through surveillance, prevention, research, and control measures. RESULTS: In the project's first year, site visits compiled information on Internet access in selected economies. Information sharing via electronic lists has been successful; feedback suggests that these strategies will become increasingly useful. The Emerging Infections Network (EINet) Web site includes project information, library access, surveillance data, prevention guidelines, and distance learning resources. A pilot effort to promote the secure electronic exchange of surveillance data demonstrated that informal communications may be both preferable and more feasible during the early stages of this project. LESSONS LEARNED: Human networking is as important as technology-based networking in addressing emerging infections. Internet technology in some APEC economies is barely adequate, but is becoming more reliable and accessible. Numerous member economies are eager to be included in project activities.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);