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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Conservation targets from the perspective of a palaeoecological reconstruction: the case study of Dářko peat bog in the Czech Republic.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Roleček, J.; Svitavská Svobodová, H.; Jamrichová, E.; Dudová, L.; Hájková, P.; Kletetschka, G.; Kuneš, P.; and Abraham, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Preslia, 92(2): 87–114. 2020.\n
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@article{rolecek_conservation_2020,\n\ttitle = {Conservation targets from the perspective of a palaeoecological reconstruction: the case study of {Dářko} peat bog in the {Czech} {Republic}},\n\tvolume = {92},\n\tdoi = {10.23855/preslia.2020.087},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Preslia},\n\tauthor = {Roleček, Jan and Svitavská Svobodová, Helena and Jamrichová, Eva and Dudová, Lydie and Hájková, Petra and Kletetschka, Günther and Kuneš, Petr and Abraham, Vojtěch},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {[IF2019=4.357]},\n\tkeywords = {conservation},\n\tpages = {87--114},\n}\n\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Millennial scale perspective on biodiversity conservation of the forest-steppe ecotone in Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Giesecke, T.; Kuneš, P.; and Shumilovskikh, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Past Global Changes Magazine, 30(1): 24–25. April 2022.\n
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@article{giesecke_millennial_2022,\n\ttitle = {Millennial scale perspective on biodiversity conservation of the forest-steppe ecotone in {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {2411605X, 24119180},\n\tdoi = {10.22498/pages.30.1.24},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2022-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Past Global Changes Magazine},\n\tauthor = {Giesecke, Thomas and Kuneš, Petr and Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {conservation},\n\tpages = {24--25},\n}\n\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Population and forest dynamics during the Central European Eneolithic (4500–2000 BC).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kolář, J.; Kuneš, P.; Szabó, P.; Hajnalová, M.; Svobodová, H. S.; Macek, M.; and Tkáč, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 10(5): 1153–1164. August 2018.\n
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@article{kolar_population_2018,\n\ttitle = {Population and forest dynamics during the {Central} {European} {Eneolithic} (4500–2000 {BC})},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1866-9557, 1866-9565},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s12520-016-0446-5},\n\tabstract = {The population boom-and-bust during the European Neolithic (7000–2000 BC) has been the subject of lively discussion for the past decade. Most of the research on this topic was carried out with help of summed radiocarbon probability distributions. We aim to reconstruct population dynamics within the catchment of a medium sized lake on the basis of information on the presence of all known past human activities. We calculated a human activity model based on Monte Carlo simulations. The model showed the lowest level of human activity between 4000 and 3000 BC. For a better understanding of long-term socio-environmental dynamics, we also used the results of a pollen-based quantitative vegetation model, as well as a local macrophysical climate model. The beginning of the decline of archaeologically visible human activities corresponds with climatic changes and an increase in secondary forest taxa probably indicating more extensive land use. In addition, social and technological innovations are important, such as the introduction of the ard, wheel, animal traction and metallurgy, as well as changes in social hierarchy characterizing the same period.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2016-12-14},\n\tjournal = {Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Kolář, Jan and Kuneš, Petr and Szabó, Péter and Hajnalová, Mária and Svobodová, Helena Svitavská and Macek, Martin and Tkáč, Peter},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {[IF2017=2.414]},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, MCM model, Neolithic, Population density, REVEALS, climate, conservation, cultural landscape, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {1153--1164},\n}\n\n\n
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\n The population boom-and-bust during the European Neolithic (7000–2000 BC) has been the subject of lively discussion for the past decade. Most of the research on this topic was carried out with help of summed radiocarbon probability distributions. We aim to reconstruct population dynamics within the catchment of a medium sized lake on the basis of information on the presence of all known past human activities. We calculated a human activity model based on Monte Carlo simulations. The model showed the lowest level of human activity between 4000 and 3000 BC. For a better understanding of long-term socio-environmental dynamics, we also used the results of a pollen-based quantitative vegetation model, as well as a local macrophysical climate model. The beginning of the decline of archaeologically visible human activities corresponds with climatic changes and an increase in secondary forest taxa probably indicating more extensive land use. In addition, social and technological innovations are important, such as the introduction of the ard, wheel, animal traction and metallurgy, as well as changes in social hierarchy characterizing the same period.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Using historical ecology to reassess the conservation status of coniferous forests in Central Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Szabó, P.; Kuneš, P.; Svobodová‐Svitavská, H.; Švarcová, M. G.; Křížová, L.; Suchánková, S.; Müllerová, J.; and Hédl, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Conservation Biology, 31(1): 150–160. February 2017.\n
[IF2016=4.842]\n\n
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@article{szabo_using_2017,\n\ttitle = {Using historical ecology to reassess the conservation status of coniferous forests in {Central} {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1523-1739},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/cobi.12763},\n\tabstract = {Forests cover approximately one-third of Central Europe. Oak (Quercus) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) are considered the natural dominants at low and middle elevations, respectively. Many coniferous forests (especially of Picea abies) occur primarily at midelevations, but these are thought to have resulted from forestry plantations planted over the past 200 years. Nature conservation and forestry policy seek to promote broadleaved trees over conifers. However, there are discrepancies between conservation guidelines (included in Natura 2000) and historical and palaeoecological data with regard to the distribution of conifers. Our aim was to bring new evidence to the debate on the conservation of conifers versus broadleaved trees at midelevations in Central Europe. We created a vegetation and land-cover model based on pollen data for a highland area of 11,300 km2 in the Czech Republic and assessed tree species composition in the forests before the onset of modern forestry based on 18th-century archival sources. Conifers dominated the study region throughout the entire Holocene (approximately 40–60\\% of the area). Broadleaved trees were present in a much smaller area than envisaged by current ideas of natural vegetation. Rather than casting doubt on the principles of Central European nature conservation in general, our results highlight the necessity of detailed regional investigations and the importance of historical data in challenging established notions on the natural distribution of tree species.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2017-01-26},\n\tjournal = {Conservation Biology},\n\tauthor = {Szabó, Péter and Kuneš, Petr and Svobodová‐Svitavská, Helena and Švarcová, Markéta Gabriela and Křížová, Lucie and Suchánková, Silvie and Müllerová, Jana and Hédl, Radim},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {[IF2016=4.842]},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, Historical ecology, Holocene, LRA, REVEALS, conservation, interdisciplinarity, potential natural vegetation, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {150--160},\n}\n\n\n
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\n Forests cover approximately one-third of Central Europe. Oak (Quercus) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) are considered the natural dominants at low and middle elevations, respectively. Many coniferous forests (especially of Picea abies) occur primarily at midelevations, but these are thought to have resulted from forestry plantations planted over the past 200 years. Nature conservation and forestry policy seek to promote broadleaved trees over conifers. However, there are discrepancies between conservation guidelines (included in Natura 2000) and historical and palaeoecological data with regard to the distribution of conifers. Our aim was to bring new evidence to the debate on the conservation of conifers versus broadleaved trees at midelevations in Central Europe. We created a vegetation and land-cover model based on pollen data for a highland area of 11,300 km2 in the Czech Republic and assessed tree species composition in the forests before the onset of modern forestry based on 18th-century archival sources. Conifers dominated the study region throughout the entire Holocene (approximately 40–60% of the area). Broadleaved trees were present in a much smaller area than envisaged by current ideas of natural vegetation. Rather than casting doubt on the principles of Central European nature conservation in general, our results highlight the necessity of detailed regional investigations and the importance of historical data in challenging established notions on the natural distribution of tree species.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of the Holocene vegetation updates a perspective on the natural vegetation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, V.; Kuneš, P.; Petr, L.; Svitavská-Svobodová, H.; Kozáková, R.; Jamrichová, E.; Švarcová, M. G.; and Pokorný, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Preslia, 88(4): 409–434. 2016.\n
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@article{abraham_pollen-based_2016,\n\ttitle = {A pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of the {Holocene} vegetation updates a perspective on the natural vegetation in the {Czech} {Republic} and {Slovakia}},\n\tvolume = {88},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {http://www.preslia.cz/P164Abraham.pdf},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Preslia},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Vojtěch and Kuneš, Petr and Petr, Libor and Svitavská-Svobodová, Helena and Kozáková, Radka and Jamrichová, Eva and Švarcová, Markéta Gabriela and Pokorný, Petr},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {[IF2015=2.711]},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, Database, Holocene, LRA, REVEALS, Slovakia, conservation, pollen data, potential natural vegetation, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {409--434},\n}\n\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n The origin of grasslands in the temperate forest zone of east-central Europe: long-term legacy of climate and human impact.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.; Svobodová-Svitavská, H.; Kolář, J.; Hajnalová, M.; Abraham, V.; Macek, M.; Tkáč, P.; and Szabó, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Quaternary Science Reviews, 116: 15–27. May 2015.\n
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@article{kunes_origin_2015,\n\ttitle = {The origin of grasslands in the temperate forest zone of east-central {Europe}: long-term legacy of climate and human impact},\n\tvolume = {116},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0277-3791},\n\tshorttitle = {The origin of grasslands in the temperate forest zone of east-central {Europe}},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.014},\n\tabstract = {The post-glacial fate of central European grasslands has stimulated palaeoecological debates for a century. Some argued for the continuous survival of open land, while others claimed that closed forest had developed during the Middle Holocene. The reasons behind stability or changes in the proportion of open land are also unclear. We aim to reconstruct regional vegetation openness and test the effects of climate and human impact on vegetation change throughout the Holocene. We present a newly dated pollen record from north-western fringes of the Pannonian Plain, east-central Europe, and reconstruct Holocene regional vegetation development by the REVEALS model for 27 pollen-equivalent taxa. Estimated vegetation is correlated in the same area with a human activity model based on all available archaeological information and a macrophysical climate model. The palaeovegetation record indicates the continuous presence of open land throughout the Holocene. Grasslands and open woodlands were probably maintained by local arid climatic conditions during the early Holocene delaying the spread of deciduous (oak) forests. Significantly detectable human-made landscape transformation started only after 2000 BC. Our analyses suggest that Neolithic people spread into a landscape that was already open. Humans probably contributed to the spread of oak, and influenced the dynamics of hazel and hornbeam.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2015-04-09},\n\tjournal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr and Svobodová-Svitavská, Helena and Kolář, Jan and Hajnalová, Mária and Abraham, Vojtěch and Macek, Martin and Tkáč, Peter and Szabó, Péter},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {[IF2014=4.572]},\n\tkeywords = {Carpathian Basin, Czech Republic, Holocene, LRA, MCM model, REVEALS, conservation, pollen analysis, quantitative vegetation reconstruction},\n\tpages = {15--27},\n}\n\n\n
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\n The post-glacial fate of central European grasslands has stimulated palaeoecological debates for a century. Some argued for the continuous survival of open land, while others claimed that closed forest had developed during the Middle Holocene. The reasons behind stability or changes in the proportion of open land are also unclear. We aim to reconstruct regional vegetation openness and test the effects of climate and human impact on vegetation change throughout the Holocene. We present a newly dated pollen record from north-western fringes of the Pannonian Plain, east-central Europe, and reconstruct Holocene regional vegetation development by the REVEALS model for 27 pollen-equivalent taxa. Estimated vegetation is correlated in the same area with a human activity model based on all available archaeological information and a macrophysical climate model. The palaeovegetation record indicates the continuous presence of open land throughout the Holocene. Grasslands and open woodlands were probably maintained by local arid climatic conditions during the early Holocene delaying the spread of deciduous (oak) forests. Significantly detectable human-made landscape transformation started only after 2000 BC. Our analyses suggest that Neolithic people spread into a landscape that was already open. Humans probably contributed to the spread of oak, and influenced the dynamics of hazel and hornbeam.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Early occurrence of temperate oak-dominated forest in the northern part of the Little Hungarian Plain, SW Slovakia.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jamrichová, E.; Potůčková, A.; Horsák, M.; Hajnalová, M.; Barta, P.; Tóth, P.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
The Holocene, 24(12): 1810–1824. December 2014.\n
[IF2013=3.794]\n\n
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@article{jamrichova_early_2014,\n\ttitle = {Early occurrence of temperate oak-dominated forest in the northern part of the {Little} {Hungarian} {Plain}, {SW} {Slovakia}},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0959-6836, 1477-0911},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0959683614551225},\n\tabstract = {Using a multi-proxy analysis of a postglacial sedimentary sequence from a lowland wetland, we address the possible drivers of change in the wetland habitats and surrounding landscapes of southwestern Slovakia. A 5 m-deep core in the Parížske močiare marshes was investigated for pollen, plant macro-remains, molluscs, organic content and magnetic susceptibility. The palaeoecological record extends from the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (≥11,200 cal. BP) to the 5th millennium cal. BP and was correlated with a macrophysical climate model (MCM) and archaeological data. Our results show the transformation of an open parkland landscape with patches of coniferous forest to a temperate deciduous forest at the onset of the Holocene. The record is remarkable for an early occurrence of Quercus pollen and macro-remains around 11,200 cal. BP and its early expansion (10,390 cal. BP) in the vegetation. Such an early spread of Quercus has not previously been recorded in the region, where Corylus is usually the first to expand among temperate trees. This unusual development of forest communities was most probably triggered by a short-lived increase in precipitation and decrease in temperature, as reconstructed by the MCM model. Higher moisture availability and low temperature inhibited Corylus and favoured the spread of Quercus. Later, the climate became drier and warmer, which, together with fires, supported the expansion of Corylus. Since 7300 cal. BP, human activities became most likely the dominant influence on the landscape. Deforestation contributed to soil erosion, which halted the accumulation of organic material after 5520 cal. BP, followed by the accumulation of clay sediments.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2014-12-10},\n\tjournal = {The Holocene},\n\tauthor = {Jamrichová, Eva and Potůčková, Anna and Horsák, Michal and Hajnalová, Mária and Barta, Peter and Tóth, Peter and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {[IF2013=3.794]},\n\tkeywords = {Lowland vegetation, MCM model, Palaeoecology, Plant macroremains, Slovakia, climate, conservation, cultural landscape, human impact, multi-proxy, pollen analysis},\n\tpages = {1810--1824},\n}\n\n\n
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\n Using a multi-proxy analysis of a postglacial sedimentary sequence from a lowland wetland, we address the possible drivers of change in the wetland habitats and surrounding landscapes of southwestern Slovakia. A 5 m-deep core in the Parížske močiare marshes was investigated for pollen, plant macro-remains, molluscs, organic content and magnetic susceptibility. The palaeoecological record extends from the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (≥11,200 cal. BP) to the 5th millennium cal. BP and was correlated with a macrophysical climate model (MCM) and archaeological data. Our results show the transformation of an open parkland landscape with patches of coniferous forest to a temperate deciduous forest at the onset of the Holocene. The record is remarkable for an early occurrence of Quercus pollen and macro-remains around 11,200 cal. BP and its early expansion (10,390 cal. BP) in the vegetation. Such an early spread of Quercus has not previously been recorded in the region, where Corylus is usually the first to expand among temperate trees. This unusual development of forest communities was most probably triggered by a short-lived increase in precipitation and decrease in temperature, as reconstructed by the MCM model. Higher moisture availability and low temperature inhibited Corylus and favoured the spread of Quercus. Later, the climate became drier and warmer, which, together with fires, supported the expansion of Corylus. Since 7300 cal. BP, human activities became most likely the dominant influence on the landscape. Deforestation contributed to soil erosion, which halted the accumulation of organic material after 5520 cal. BP, followed by the accumulation of clay sediments.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Continuity and change in the vegetation of a Central European oakwood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jamrichová, E.; Szabó, P.; Hédl, R.; Kuneš, P.; Bobek, P.; and Pelánková, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
The Holocene, 23(1): 46–56. January 2013.\n
[IF2012=3.218]\n\n
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@article{jamrichova_continuity_2013,\n\ttitle = {Continuity and change in the vegetation of a {Central} {European} oakwood},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0959-6836, 1477-0911},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0959683612450200},\n\tabstract = {The issue of continuity in deciduous oakwood vegetation has been in the forefront of woodland ecological studies for many decades. The two basic questions that emerge from existing research are whether or not oakwoods can be characterized by long-term stability and what may be the driving forces of the observed stability or change. To answer these questions in a well-defined case study, we examined the history of a large subcontinental oakwood (Dúbrava) in the southeastern Czech Republic with interdisciplinary methods using palaeoecological and archival sources. Palaeoecology allowed us to reconstruct the vegetation composition and fire disturbances in Dúbrava in the past 2000 years, while written sources provided information about tree composition and management from the 14th century onwards. The pollen profiles show that the present oakwood was established in the mid-14th century with an abrupt change from shrubby, hazel-dominated vegetation to oak forest. This change was most probably caused by a ban on oak felling in ad 1350. From the 14th to the late 18th centuries Dúbrava had multiple uses, of which wood-pasture and hay-cutting kept the forest considerably open. The second remarkable change was dated to the late 18th century, when multiple-use management was abandoned and Dúbrava was divided into pasture-only and coppice-only parts. The last major shift occurred in the mid-19th century, when modern forestry and Scotch pine plantation became dominant. We conclude that Dúbrava Wood did not show stability in the long run and that its species composition has dramatically changed during the last two millennia. The most important driving force in the shaping and maintenance of the unique vegetation of Dúbrava was human management.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2012-12-20},\n\tjournal = {The Holocene},\n\tauthor = {Jamrichová, Eva and Szabó, Péter and Hédl, Radim and Kuneš, Petr and Bobek, Přemysl and Pelánková, Barbora},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {[IF2012=3.218]},\n\tkeywords = {Historical ecology, conservation, ecosystem stability, management history, pollen analysis, temperate oakwood},\n\tpages = {46--56},\n}\n\n\n
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\n The issue of continuity in deciduous oakwood vegetation has been in the forefront of woodland ecological studies for many decades. The two basic questions that emerge from existing research are whether or not oakwoods can be characterized by long-term stability and what may be the driving forces of the observed stability or change. To answer these questions in a well-defined case study, we examined the history of a large subcontinental oakwood (Dúbrava) in the southeastern Czech Republic with interdisciplinary methods using palaeoecological and archival sources. Palaeoecology allowed us to reconstruct the vegetation composition and fire disturbances in Dúbrava in the past 2000 years, while written sources provided information about tree composition and management from the 14th century onwards. The pollen profiles show that the present oakwood was established in the mid-14th century with an abrupt change from shrubby, hazel-dominated vegetation to oak forest. This change was most probably caused by a ban on oak felling in ad 1350. From the 14th to the late 18th centuries Dúbrava had multiple uses, of which wood-pasture and hay-cutting kept the forest considerably open. The second remarkable change was dated to the late 18th century, when multiple-use management was abandoned and Dúbrava was divided into pasture-only and coppice-only parts. The last major shift occurred in the mid-19th century, when modern forestry and Scotch pine plantation became dominant. We conclude that Dúbrava Wood did not show stability in the long run and that its species composition has dramatically changed during the last two millennia. The most important driving force in the shaping and maintenance of the unique vegetation of Dúbrava was human management.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Changes in species composition and diversity of a montane beetle community over the last millennium in the High Tatras, Slovakia: Implications for forest conservation and management.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schafstall, N.; Whitehouse, N.; Kuosmanen, N.; Svobodová-Svitavská, H.; Saulnier, M.; Chiverrell, R. C.; Fleischer, P.; Kuneš, P.; and Clear, J. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 555: 109834. October 2020.\n
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@article{schafstall_changes_2020,\n\ttitle = {Changes in species composition and diversity of a montane beetle community over the last millennium in the {High} {Tatras}, {Slovakia}: {Implications} for forest conservation and management},\n\tvolume = {555},\n\tissn = {0031-0182},\n\tshorttitle = {Changes in species composition and diversity of a montane beetle community over the last millennium in the {High} {Tatras}, {Slovakia}},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109834},\n\tabstract = {Montane biomes are niche environments high in biodiversity with a variety of habitats. Often isolated, these non-continuous remnant ecosystems inhabit narrow ecological zones putting them under threat from changing climatic conditions and anthropogenic pressure. Twelve sediment cores were retrieved from a peat bog in Tatra National Park, Slovakia, and correlated to each other by wiggle-matching geochemical signals derived from micro-XRF scanning, to make a reconstruction of past conditions. A fossil beetle (Coleoptera) record, covering the last 1000 years at 50- to 100-year resolution, gives a new insight into changing flora and fauna in this region. Our findings reveal a diverse beetle community with varied ecological groups inhabiting a range of forest, meadow and synanthropic habitats. Changes in the beetle community were related to changes in the landscape, driven by anthropogenic activities. The first clear evidence for human activity in the area occurs c. 1250 CE and coincides with the arrival of beetle species living on the dung of domesticated animals (e.g. Aphodius spp.). From 1500 CE, human (re)settlement, and activities such as pasturing and charcoal burning, appear to have had a pronounced effect on the beetle community. Local beetle diversity declined steadily towards the present day, likely due to an infilling of the forest hollow leading to a decrease in moisture level. We conclude that beetle communities are directly affected by anthropogenic intensity and land-use change. When aiming to preserve or restore natural forest conditions, recording their past changes in diversity can help guide conservation and restoration. In doing so, it is important to look back beyond the time of significant human impact, and for this, information contained in paleoecological records is irreplaceable.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-06-20},\n\tjournal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},\n\tauthor = {Schafstall, Nick and Whitehouse, Nicki and Kuosmanen, Niina and Svobodová-Svitavská, Helena and Saulnier, Mélanie and Chiverrell, Richard C. and Fleischer, Peter and Kuneš, Petr and Clear, Jennifer L.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {[IF2019=2.833]},\n\tkeywords = {Biodiversity, Central Europe, Climate change, Coleoptera, Human impact, Nature conservation, disturbance},\n\tpages = {109834},\n}\n\n\n
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\n Montane biomes are niche environments high in biodiversity with a variety of habitats. Often isolated, these non-continuous remnant ecosystems inhabit narrow ecological zones putting them under threat from changing climatic conditions and anthropogenic pressure. Twelve sediment cores were retrieved from a peat bog in Tatra National Park, Slovakia, and correlated to each other by wiggle-matching geochemical signals derived from micro-XRF scanning, to make a reconstruction of past conditions. A fossil beetle (Coleoptera) record, covering the last 1000 years at 50- to 100-year resolution, gives a new insight into changing flora and fauna in this region. Our findings reveal a diverse beetle community with varied ecological groups inhabiting a range of forest, meadow and synanthropic habitats. Changes in the beetle community were related to changes in the landscape, driven by anthropogenic activities. The first clear evidence for human activity in the area occurs c. 1250 CE and coincides with the arrival of beetle species living on the dung of domesticated animals (e.g. Aphodius spp.). From 1500 CE, human (re)settlement, and activities such as pasturing and charcoal burning, appear to have had a pronounced effect on the beetle community. Local beetle diversity declined steadily towards the present day, likely due to an infilling of the forest hollow leading to a decrease in moisture level. We conclude that beetle communities are directly affected by anthropogenic intensity and land-use change. When aiming to preserve or restore natural forest conditions, recording their past changes in diversity can help guide conservation and restoration. In doing so, it is important to look back beyond the time of significant human impact, and for this, information contained in paleoecological records is irreplaceable.\n
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