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\n  \n 2023\n \n \n (6)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anxiety Among Migrants - Questions for Agent Simulation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. Best and Visionary Papers, of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 141–150, London, UK, May 2023. Springer Cham\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AnxietyPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nallur_vivek_anxiety_2023,\n\taddress = {London, UK},\n\tseries = {Lecture {Notes} in {Computer} {Science}},\n\ttitle = {Anxiety {Among} {Migrants} - {Questions} for {Agent} {Simulation}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {978-3-031-56255-6},\n\turl = {https://viveknallur.github.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/camera-ready-cothrom_idea_2023.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-031-56255-6},\n\tabstract = {This paper starts with hypothesis (and presents some evidence) that anxiety in migrants is sufficiently important to be modelled. It presents a small (and very incomplete) review of emotion modelling in literature. It asks the question of how to translate these into agent-based modelling, and whether this can be orthogonal to specific modelling of goals and capabilities of agents. This short paper is offered as a motivator for discussion, rather than a discussion of results.},\n\tbooktitle = {Autonomous {Agents} and {Multiagent} {Systems}. {Best} and {Visionary} {Papers}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Cham},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {141--150},\n}\n\n
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\n This paper starts with hypothesis (and presents some evidence) that anxiety in migrants is sufficiently important to be modelled. It presents a small (and very incomplete) review of emotion modelling in literature. It asks the question of how to translate these into agent-based modelling, and whether this can be orthogonal to specific modelling of goals and capabilities of agents. This short paper is offered as a motivator for discussion, rather than a discussion of results.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Implementing Pro-social Rule Bending in an Elder-care Robot Environment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramanayake, R.; and Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Social Robotics, volume Lecture notes in Computer Science, of Lecture notes in artificial intelligence (LNAI), pages 230–239, Doha, Qatar, December 2023. Springer International Publishing\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImplementingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{ramanayake_implementing_2023,\n\taddress = {Doha, Qatar},\n\tseries = {Lecture notes in artificial intelligence ({LNAI})},\n\ttitle = {Implementing {Pro}-social {Rule} {Bending} in an {Elder}-care {Robot} {Environment}},\n\tvolume = {Lecture notes in Computer Science},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {978-981-9987-18-4},\n\turl = {https://rdcu.be/ds1C1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-99-8718-4_20},\n\tabstract = {Many ethical issues arise when robots are introduced into elder-care settings. When ethically charged situations occur, robots ought to be able to handle them appropriately. Some experimental approaches use  (top-down) moral generalist approaches, like Deontology and Utilitarianism, to implement ethical decision-making. Others have advocated the use of bottom-up approaches, such as learning algorithms, to learn ethical patterns from human behaviour. Both approaches have their shortcomings when it comes to real-world implementations. Human beings have been observed to use a hybrid form of ethical reasoning called Pro-Social Rule Bending, where top-down rules and constraints broadly apply, but in particular situations, certain rules are temporarily bent. This paper reports on implementing such a hybrid ethical reasoning approach in elder-care robots. We show through simulation studies that it leads to better upholding of human values such as autonomy, whilst not sacrificing beneficence.},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th {International} {Conference} on {Social} {Robotics}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Ramanayake, Rajitha and Nallur, Vivek},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {230--239},\n}\n\n
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\n Many ethical issues arise when robots are introduced into elder-care settings. When ethically charged situations occur, robots ought to be able to handle them appropriately. Some experimental approaches use (top-down) moral generalist approaches, like Deontology and Utilitarianism, to implement ethical decision-making. Others have advocated the use of bottom-up approaches, such as learning algorithms, to learn ethical patterns from human behaviour. Both approaches have their shortcomings when it comes to real-world implementations. Human beings have been observed to use a hybrid form of ethical reasoning called Pro-Social Rule Bending, where top-down rules and constraints broadly apply, but in particular situations, certain rules are temporarily bent. This paper reports on implementing such a hybrid ethical reasoning approach in elder-care robots. We show through simulation studies that it leads to better upholding of human values such as autonomy, whilst not sacrificing beneficence.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Promoting Social Justice Through the Reflexive Governance of AI.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ní Fhaoláin, L.; Nallur, V.; and Scott, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Gentelet, K., editor(s), Les intelligences artificielles au prisme de la justice sociale = Considering artificial intelligence through the lens of social justice, of Ethics, AI and Society - OBVIA. Presses de l'Université Laval, Québec, 2023.\n OCLC: 1401015587\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{gentelet_promoting_2023,\n\taddress = {Québec},\n\tseries = {Ethics, {AI} and {Society} - {OBVIA}},\n\ttitle = {Promoting {Social} {Justice} {Through} the {Reflexive} {Governance} of {AI}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {978-2-7663-0184-3},\n\tlanguage = {English and French},\n\tbooktitle = {Les intelligences artificielles au prisme de la justice sociale = {Considering} artificial intelligence through the lens of social justice},\n\tpublisher = {Presses de l'Université Laval},\n\tauthor = {Ní Fhaoláin, Labhaoise and Nallur, Vivek and Scott, Colin},\n\teditor = {Gentelet, Karine},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {OCLC: 1401015587},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Statutory Professions in AI Governance and Their Consequences for Explainable AI.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n NiFhaolain, L.; Hines, A.; and Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Longo, L., editor(s), Explainable Artificial Intelligence, volume 1901, pages 85–96. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2023.\n Series Title: Communications in Computer and Information Science\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"StatutoryPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{longo_statutory_2023,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Statutory {Professions} in {AI} {Governance} and {Their} {Consequences} for {Explainable} {AI}},\n\tvolume = {1901},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {978-3-031-44063-2 978-3-031-44064-9},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-44064-9_5},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-11-03},\n\tbooktitle = {Explainable {Artificial} {Intelligence}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},\n\tauthor = {NiFhaolain, Labhaoise and Hines, Andrew and Nallur, Vivek},\n\teditor = {Longo, Luca},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-031-44064-9_5},\n\tnote = {Series Title: Communications in Computer and Information Science},\n\tpages = {85--96},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Security, Ethics and Privacy Issues in the Remote Extended Reality for Education.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Iqbal, M. Z.; Xu, X.; Nallur, V.; Scanlon, M.; and Campbell, A. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Cai, Y.; Mangina, E.; and Goei, S. L., editor(s), Mixed Reality for Education, pages 355–380. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2023.\n Series Title: Gaming Media and Social Effects\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Security,Paper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{cai_security_2023,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Security, {Ethics} and {Privacy} {Issues} in the {Remote} {Extended} {Reality} for {Education}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {978-981-9949-57-1 978-981-9949-58-8},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-99-4958-8_16},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-09-18},\n\tbooktitle = {Mixed {Reality} for {Education}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Iqbal, Muhammad Zahid and Xu, Xuanhui and Nallur, Vivek and Scanlon, Mark and Campbell, Abraham G.},\n\teditor = {Cai, Yiyu and Mangina, Eleni and Goei, Sui Lin},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-99-4958-8_16},\n\tnote = {Series Title: Gaming Media and Social Effects},\n\tpages = {355--380},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Partially Synthesized Position on the Automation of Machine Ethics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; Dennis, L.; Bringsjord, S.; and Govindarajulu, N. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Digital Society, 2(2): 14. April 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"APaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 7 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{nallur_partially_2023,\n\ttitle = {A {Partially} {Synthesized} {Position} on the {Automation} of {Machine} {Ethics}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {2731-4669},\n\turl = {https://viveknallur.github.io/wp-content/uploads/Nallur2023-Partially-synthesized-position-automation-machine-ethics.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s44206-023-00040-8},\n\tabstract = {We economically express our respective prior positions on the automation of machine ethics, and then seek a corporate, partly synthesized position that could underlie, at least to a degree, our future machine-ethics work, and such work by others as well.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2023-04-22},\n\tjournal = {Digital Society},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Dennis, Louise and Bringsjord, Selmer and Govindarajulu, Naveen Sundar},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Autonomous machines, Machine-implemented ethics},\n\tpages = {14},\n}\n\n
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\n We economically express our respective prior positions on the automation of machine ethics, and then seek a corporate, partly synthesized position that could underlie, at least to a degree, our future machine-ethics work, and such work by others as well.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Pro-Social Rule Breaking as a Benchmark of Ethical Intelligence in Socio-Technical Systems.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramanayake, R.; and Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Digital Society, 1(1): 2. July 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{ramanayake_pro-social_2022,\n\ttitle = {Pro-{Social} {Rule} {Breaking} as a {Benchmark} of {Ethical} {Intelligence} in {Socio}-{Technical} {Systems}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {2731-4650, 2731-4669},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s44206-022-00001-7},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            The current mainstream approaches to ethical intelligence in modern socio-technical systems have weaknesses. This paper argues that implementing and validating pro-social rule breaking behaviour can be used as a mechanism to overcome these weaknesses and introduce a sample scenario that can be used to validate this behaviour.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2022-07-07},\n\tjournal = {Digital Society},\n\tauthor = {Ramanayake, Rajitha and Nallur, Vivek},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {2},\n}\n\n
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\n Abstract The current mainstream approaches to ethical intelligence in modern socio-technical systems have weaknesses. This paper argues that implementing and validating pro-social rule breaking behaviour can be used as a mechanism to overcome these weaknesses and introduce a sample scenario that can be used to validate this behaviour.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Empathetic AI for ethics-in-the-small.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; and Finlay, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n AI & SOCIETY,s00146–022–01466–3. May 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{nallur_empathetic_2022,\n\ttitle = {Empathetic {AI} for ethics-in-the-small},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0951-5666, 1435-5655},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00146-022-01466-3},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2022-06-15},\n\tjournal = {AI \\& SOCIETY},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Finlay, Graham},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {s00146--022--01466--3},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Immune moral models? Pro-social rule breaking as a moral enhancement approach for ethical AI.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramanayake, R.; Wicke, P.; and Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n AI & SOCIETY. May 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImmunePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{ramanayake_immune_2022,\n\ttitle = {Immune moral models? {Pro}-social rule breaking as a moral enhancement approach for ethical {AI}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0951-5666, 1435-5655},\n\tshorttitle = {Immune moral models?},\n\turl = {https://viveknallur.github.io/wp-content/uploads/Rajitha-2022-Immune-Moral-Models.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00146-022-01478-z},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            \n              We are moving towards a future where Artificial Intelligence (AI) based agents make many decisions on behalf of humans. From healthcare decision-making to social media censoring, these agents face problems, and make decisions with ethical and societal implications. Ethical behaviour is a critical characteristic that we would like in a human-centric AI. A common observation in human-centric industries, like the service industry and healthcare, is that their professionals tend to break rules, if necessary, for pro-social reasons. This behaviour among humans is defined as pro-social rule breaking. To make AI agents more human-centric, we argue that there is a need for a mechanism that helps AI agents identify\n              when\n              to break rules set by their designers. To understand\n              when\n              AI agents need to break rules, we examine the conditions under which humans break rules for pro-social reasons. In this paper, we present a study that introduces a ‘\n              vaccination strategy dilemma’\n              to human participants and analyzes their response. In this dilemma\n              ,\n              one needs to decide whether they would distribute COVID-19 vaccines\n              only\n              to members of a high-risk group (follow the enforced rule) or, in selected cases, administer the vaccine to a few social influencers (break the rule), which might yield an overall greater benefit to society. The results of the empirical study suggest a relationship between stakeholder utilities and pro-social rule breaking (PSRB), which neither deontological nor utilitarian ethics completely explain. Finally, the paper discusses the design characteristics of an ethical agent capable of PSRB and the future research directions on PSRB in the AI realm. We hope that this will inform the design of future AI agents, and their decision-making behaviour.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2022-06-15},\n\tjournal = {AI \\& SOCIETY},\n\tauthor = {Ramanayake, Rajitha and Wicke, Philipp and Nallur, Vivek},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2022},\n}\n\n
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\n Abstract We are moving towards a future where Artificial Intelligence (AI) based agents make many decisions on behalf of humans. From healthcare decision-making to social media censoring, these agents face problems, and make decisions with ethical and societal implications. Ethical behaviour is a critical characteristic that we would like in a human-centric AI. A common observation in human-centric industries, like the service industry and healthcare, is that their professionals tend to break rules, if necessary, for pro-social reasons. This behaviour among humans is defined as pro-social rule breaking. To make AI agents more human-centric, we argue that there is a need for a mechanism that helps AI agents identify when to break rules set by their designers. To understand when AI agents need to break rules, we examine the conditions under which humans break rules for pro-social reasons. In this paper, we present a study that introduces a ‘ vaccination strategy dilemma’ to human participants and analyzes their response. In this dilemma , one needs to decide whether they would distribute COVID-19 vaccines only to members of a high-risk group (follow the enforced rule) or, in selected cases, administer the vaccine to a few social influencers (break the rule), which might yield an overall greater benefit to society. The results of the empirical study suggest a relationship between stakeholder utilities and pro-social rule breaking (PSRB), which neither deontological nor utilitarian ethics completely explain. Finally, the paper discusses the design characteristics of an ethical agent capable of PSRB and the future research directions on PSRB in the AI realm. We hope that this will inform the design of future AI agents, and their decision-making behaviour.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Small Set of Ethical Challenges For Elder-care Robots.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramanayake, R.; and Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Social Robots in Social Institutions, volume 366, of Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pages 70–79, University of Helsinki, Finland, August 2022. IOS Press\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"APaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{ramanayake_small_2022,\n\taddress = {University of Helsinki, Finland},\n\tseries = {Frontiers in {Artificial} {Intelligence} and {Applications}},\n\ttitle = {A {Small} {Set} of {Ethical} {Challenges} {For} {Elder}-care {Robots}},\n\tvolume = {366},\n\tcopyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},\n\turl = {https://viveknallur.github.io/wp-content/uploads/Ramanayake2022-Robophilosophy_final.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.3233/FAIA220605},\n\tabstract = {Elder-care robots have been suggested as a solution for the rising eldercare needs. Although many elder-care agents are commercially available, there are concerns about the behaviour of these robots in ethically charged situations. However, we do not find any evidence of ethical reasoning abilities in commercial offerings. Assuming that this is due to the lack of agreed-upon standards, we offer a categorization of elder-care robots, and ethical ‘whetstones’ for them to hone their abilities.},\n\turldate = {2022-06-17},\n\tbooktitle = {Social {Robots} in {Social} {Institutions}},\n\tpublisher = {IOS Press},\n\tauthor = {Ramanayake, Rajitha and Nallur, Vivek},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Elder-care, Evaluation, Machine ethics, Robots},\n\tpages = {70--79},\n}\n\n
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\n Elder-care robots have been suggested as a solution for the rising eldercare needs. Although many elder-care agents are commercially available, there are concerns about the behaviour of these robots in ethically charged situations. However, we do not find any evidence of ethical reasoning abilities in commercial offerings. Assuming that this is due to the lack of agreed-upon standards, we offer a categorization of elder-care robots, and ethical ‘whetstones’ for them to hone their abilities.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Systematic Scalability Modeling of QoS-Aware Dynamic Service Composition.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Duboc, L.; Bahsoon, R.; Alrebeish, F.; Mera-Gómez, C.; Nallur, V.; Kazman, R.; Bianco, P.; Babar, M. A.; and Buyya, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems,3529162. July 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SystematicPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{duboc_systematic_2022,\n\ttitle = {Systematic {Scalability} {Modeling} of {QoS}-{Aware} {Dynamic} {Service} {Composition}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1556-4665, 1556-4703},\n\turl = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3529162},\n\tdoi = {10.1145/3529162},\n\tabstract = {In Dynamic Service Composition(DSC), an application can be dynamically composed using web services to achieve its functional and Quality of Services (QoS) goals. DSC is a relatively mature area of research that crosscuts autonomous and services computing. Complex autonomous and self-adaptive computing paradigms (e.g. multi-tenant cloud services, mobile/smart services, services discovery and composition in intelligent environments such as smart cities) have been leveraging DSC to dynamically and adaptively maintain the desired QoS, cost and to stabilize long-lived software systems. While DSC is fundamentally known to be an NP-hard problem, systematic attempts to analyse its scalability have been limited, if not absent, though such analysis is of a paramount importance for their effective, efficient and stable operations.\n            This paper reports on a new application of goal-modelling, providing a systematic technique that can support DSC designers and architects in identifying DSC relevant characteristics and metrics that can potentially affect the scalability goals of a system. The paper then applies the technique to two different approaches for QoS-aware dynamic services composition, where the paper describes two detailed exemplars that exemplify its application. The exemplars hope to provide researchers and practitioners with guidance and transferable knowledge, in situations where the scalability analysis may not be straightforward. The contributions provide architects and designers for QoS-aware dynamic service composition with the fundamentals for assessing the scalability of their own solutions, along with goal models and a list of application domain characteristics and metrics that might be relevant to other solutions. Our experience has shown that the technique was able to identify in both exemplars application domain characteristics and metrics that had been overlooked in previous scalability analyses of these DSC, some of which indeed limited their scalability. It has also shown that the experiences and knowledge can be transferable: the first exemplar was used as an example to inform and ease the work of applying the technique in the second one, reducing the time to create the model, even for a non-expert. Some limitations of the technique are also commented.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2022-07-13},\n\tjournal = {ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems},\n\tauthor = {Duboc, Leticia and Bahsoon, Rami and Alrebeish, Faisal and Mera-Gómez, Carlos and Nallur, Vivek and Kazman, Rick and Bianco, Philip and Babar, Muhammad Ali and Buyya, Rajkumar},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {3529162},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n In Dynamic Service Composition(DSC), an application can be dynamically composed using web services to achieve its functional and Quality of Services (QoS) goals. DSC is a relatively mature area of research that crosscuts autonomous and services computing. Complex autonomous and self-adaptive computing paradigms (e.g. multi-tenant cloud services, mobile/smart services, services discovery and composition in intelligent environments such as smart cities) have been leveraging DSC to dynamically and adaptively maintain the desired QoS, cost and to stabilize long-lived software systems. While DSC is fundamentally known to be an NP-hard problem, systematic attempts to analyse its scalability have been limited, if not absent, though such analysis is of a paramount importance for their effective, efficient and stable operations. This paper reports on a new application of goal-modelling, providing a systematic technique that can support DSC designers and architects in identifying DSC relevant characteristics and metrics that can potentially affect the scalability goals of a system. The paper then applies the technique to two different approaches for QoS-aware dynamic services composition, where the paper describes two detailed exemplars that exemplify its application. The exemplars hope to provide researchers and practitioners with guidance and transferable knowledge, in situations where the scalability analysis may not be straightforward. The contributions provide architects and designers for QoS-aware dynamic service composition with the fundamentals for assessing the scalability of their own solutions, along with goal models and a list of application domain characteristics and metrics that might be relevant to other solutions. Our experience has shown that the technique was able to identify in both exemplars application domain characteristics and metrics that had been overlooked in previous scalability analyses of these DSC, some of which indeed limited their scalability. It has also shown that the experiences and knowledge can be transferable: the first exemplar was used as an example to inform and ease the work of applying the technique in the second one, reducing the time to create the model, even for a non-expert. Some limitations of the technique are also commented.\n
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\n  \n 2021\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Computational Architecture for a Pro-Social Rule Bending Agent.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramanayake, R.; and Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In First International Workshop on Computational Machine Ethics held in conjunction with 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning KR 2021 (CME2021), November 2021. Online\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"APaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@inproceedings{ramanayake_rajitha_computational_2021,\n\ttitle = {A {Computational} {Architecture} for a {Pro}-{Social} {Rule} {Bending} {Agent}},\n\tcopyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},\n\turl = {https://viveknallur.github.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Ramanayake2021_A_Computational_Architecture_for_a_Pro_Social_Rule_Bending_Agent.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.5281/ZENODO.6470437},\n\tabstract = {There have been many attempts to implement ethical reasoning in artificial agents. The principal philosophical approaches attempted have been mainly deontological or utilitarian. Virtue ethics has been discussed but not thoroughly explored in implementations of ethical agents. A particularity of strict implementations of deontological/utilitarian approaches is that the results produced by these do not always conform to human intuitions of “the right thing to do”. Intuitions of the right thing to do in a particular social context are often independent of which philosophical school of thought human beings relate to. This is partly due to the ability of humans to step outside their particular reasoning framework, and make virtuous decisions based on what would be beneficial to society, not just themselves. This behaviour is called pro-social rule bending. This is a work-in-progress paper that details our attempt to implement pro-social rule bending in an artificial agent.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2022-06-15},\n\tbooktitle = {First {International} {Workshop} on {Computational} {Machine} {Ethics} held in conjunction with 18th {International} {Conference} on {Principles} of {Knowledge} {Representation} and {Reasoning} {KR} 2021 ({CME2021})},\n\tpublisher = {Online},\n\tauthor = {Ramanayake, Rajitha and Nallur, Vivek},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Machine Ethics, Computational Architecture},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n There have been many attempts to implement ethical reasoning in artificial agents. The principal philosophical approaches attempted have been mainly deontological or utilitarian. Virtue ethics has been discussed but not thoroughly explored in implementations of ethical agents. A particularity of strict implementations of deontological/utilitarian approaches is that the results produced by these do not always conform to human intuitions of “the right thing to do”. Intuitions of the right thing to do in a particular social context are often independent of which philosophical school of thought human beings relate to. This is partly due to the ability of humans to step outside their particular reasoning framework, and make virtuous decisions based on what would be beneficial to society, not just themselves. This behaviour is called pro-social rule bending. This is a work-in-progress paper that details our attempt to implement pro-social rule bending in an artificial agent.\n
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\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Towards An Ethics-Audit Bot.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pearson, S.; Lloyd, M.; and Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In ICT, Society and Human Beings, volume 15, pages 187–191, July 2021. IADIS Press\n arXiv: 2103.15746\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"TowardsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@inproceedings{pearson_towards_2021,\n\ttitle = {Towards {An} {Ethics}-{Audit} {Bot}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {978-989-8704-30-6},\n\turl = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.15746},\n\tabstract = {In this paper we focus on artificial intelligence (AI) for governance, not governance for AI, and on just one aspect of governance, namely ethics audit. Different kinds of ethical audit bots are possible, but who makes the choices and what are the implications? In this paper, we do not provide ethical/philosophical solutions, but rather focus on the technical aspects of what an AI-based solution for validating the ethical soundness of a target system would be like. We propose a system that is able to conduct an ethical audit of a target system, given certain socio-technical conditions. To be more specific, we propose the creation of a bot that is able to support organisations in ensuring that their software development lifecycles contain processes that meet certain ethical standards.},\n\turldate = {2021-07-28},\n\tbooktitle = {{ICT}, {Society} and {Human} {Beings}},\n\tpublisher = {IADIS Press},\n\tauthor = {Pearson, Siani and Lloyd, Martin and Nallur, Vivek},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {arXiv: 2103.15746},\n\tkeywords = {68T37, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, I.2.0},\n\tpages = {187--191},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n In this paper we focus on artificial intelligence (AI) for governance, not governance for AI, and on just one aspect of governance, namely ethics audit. Different kinds of ethical audit bots are possible, but who makes the choices and what are the implications? In this paper, we do not provide ethical/philosophical solutions, but rather focus on the technical aspects of what an AI-based solution for validating the ethical soundness of a target system would be like. We propose a system that is able to conduct an ethical audit of a target system, given certain socio-technical conditions. To be more specific, we propose the creation of a bot that is able to support organisations in ensuring that their software development lifecycles contain processes that meet certain ethical standards.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Automation: An Essential Component Of Ethical AI?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; Lloyd, M.; and Pearson, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In ICT, Society and Human Beings, volume 15, pages 229–232, July 2021. IADIS Press\n arXiv: 2103.15739\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Automation:Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@inproceedings{nallur_automation_2021,\n\ttitle = {Automation: {An} {Essential} {Component} {Of} {Ethical} {AI}?},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {978-989-8704-30-6},\n\tshorttitle = {Automation},\n\turl = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.15739},\n\tabstract = {Ethics is sometimes considered to be too abstract to be meaningfully implemented in artificial intelligence (AI). In this paper, we reflect on other aspects of computing that were previously considered to be very abstract. Yet, these are now accepted as being done very well by computers. These tasks have ranged from multiple aspects of software engineering to mathematics to conversation in natural language with humans. This was done by automating the simplest possible step and then building on it to perform more complex tasks. We wonder if ethical AI might be similarly achieved and advocate the process of automation as key step in making AI take ethical decisions. The key contribution of this paper is to reflect on how automation was introduced into domains previously considered too abstract for computers.},\n\turldate = {2021-07-28},\n\tbooktitle = {{ICT}, {Society} and {Human} {Beings}},\n\tpublisher = {IADIS Press},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Lloyd, Martin and Pearson, Siani},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {arXiv: 2103.15739},\n\tkeywords = {68T01, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, I.2.0},\n\tpages = {229--232},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Ethics is sometimes considered to be too abstract to be meaningfully implemented in artificial intelligence (AI). In this paper, we reflect on other aspects of computing that were previously considered to be very abstract. Yet, these are now accepted as being done very well by computers. These tasks have ranged from multiple aspects of software engineering to mathematics to conversation in natural language with humans. This was done by automating the simplest possible step and then building on it to perform more complex tasks. We wonder if ethical AI might be similarly achieved and advocate the process of automation as key step in making AI take ethical decisions. The key contribution of this paper is to reflect on how automation was introduced into domains previously considered too abstract for computers.\n
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\n  \n 2020\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Landscape of Machine Implemented Ethics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science and Engineering Ethics, 26: 2381–2399. July 2020.\n Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{Nallur2020LandscapeMachineImplemented,\n\ttitle = {Landscape of {Machine} {Implemented} {Ethics}},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11948-020-00236-y},\n\tjournal = {Science and Engineering Ethics},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},\n\tpages = {2381--2399},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Assessing the appetite for trustworthiness and the regulation of artificial intelligence in europe.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n NíFhaoláin, L.; Hines, A.; and Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Longo, L.; Rizzo, L.; Hunter, E.; and Pakrashi, A., editor(s), Proceedings of the 28th irish conference on artificial intelligence and cognitive science, volume 2771, pages 133–144, December 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AssessingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@inproceedings{NiFhaolain2020AssessingAppetiteTrustworthiness,\n\ttitle = {Assessing the appetite for trustworthiness and the regulation of artificial intelligence in europe},\n\tvolume = {2771},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2771/AICS2020_paper_53.pdf},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th irish conference on artificial intelligence and cognitive science},\n\tauthor = {NíFhaoláin, Labhaoise and Hines, Andrew and Nallur, Vivek},\n\teditor = {Longo, Lucca and Rizzo, Lucas and Hunter, Elizabeth and Pakrashi, Arjun},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {133--144},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2019\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ethics By Agreement In Multi-Agent Software Systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; and Collier, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In International conference on software technologies, proceedings of, pages 529–535, July 2019. ScitePress\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EthicsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@inproceedings{Nallur2019EthicsAgreementMulti,\n\ttitle = {Ethics {By} {Agreement} {In} {Multi}-{Agent} {Software} {Systems}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/10981/2/ethics-by-agreement.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.5220/0007958105290535},\n\tbooktitle = {International conference on software technologies, proceedings of},\n\tpublisher = {ScitePress},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Collier, Rem},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {529--535},\n}\n\n
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\n
\n  \n 2018\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Clonal plasticity: an autonomic mechanism for multi-agent systems to self-diversify.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; and Clarke, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 32(2): 275–311. 2018.\n Type: Journal article\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ClonalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{Nallur2018Clonalplasticityautonomic,\n\ttitle = {Clonal plasticity: an autonomic mechanism for multi-agent systems to self-diversify},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1573-7454},\n\turl = {https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/9934/1/clonalplasticity_algodiversity.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10458-017-9380-x},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Clarke, Siobhán},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Type: Journal article},\n\tpages = {275--311},\n}\n\n
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\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Towards a programmable framework for agent game playing.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lawlor, F.; Collier, R.; and Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n . July 2018.\n arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.08545v1 [cs.MA]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"TowardsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{Lawlor2018TowardsProgrammableFramework,\n\ttitle = {Towards a programmable framework for agent game playing},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.08545},\n\tdoi = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.08545v1},\n\tabstract = {The field of Game Theory provides a useful mechanism for modeling many decision-making scenarios. In participating in these scenarios individuals and groups adopt particular strategies, which generally perform with varying levels of success. However, most results have focussed on players that play the same game in an iterated fashion. This paper describes a framework which can be used to observe agents when they do not know in advance which game they are going to play. That is, the same group of agents could first play a few rounds of the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, and then a few rounds of the Linear Public Goods Game, and then a few rounds of Minority Game, or perhaps all games in a strictly alternating fashion or a randomized instantiation of games. This framework will allow for investigation of agents in more complex settings, when there is uncertainty about the future, and limited resources to store strategies.},\n\tauthor = {Lawlor, Francis and Collier, Rem and Nallur, Vivek},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.08545v1 [cs.MA]},\n\tkeywords = {68T42, cs.MA},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n The field of Game Theory provides a useful mechanism for modeling many decision-making scenarios. In participating in these scenarios individuals and groups adopt particular strategies, which generally perform with varying levels of success. However, most results have focussed on players that play the same game in an iterated fashion. This paper describes a framework which can be used to observe agents when they do not know in advance which game they are going to play. That is, the same group of agents could first play a few rounds of the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, and then a few rounds of the Linear Public Goods Game, and then a few rounds of Minority Game, or perhaps all games in a strictly alternating fashion or a randomized instantiation of games. This framework will allow for investigation of agents in more complex settings, when there is uncertainty about the future, and limited resources to store strategies.\n
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\n  \n 2017\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Implementing heterogeneous, autonomous, and resilient services in IoT: An experience report.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cabrera, C.; Li, F.; Nallur, V.; Palade, A.; Razzaque, M. A.; White, G.; and Clarke, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2017 IEEE 18th International Symposium on A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), pages 1–6, June 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImplementingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@inproceedings{cabrera_implementing_2017,\n\ttitle = {Implementing heterogeneous, autonomous, and resilient services in {IoT}: {An} experience report},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tshorttitle = {Implementing heterogeneous, autonomous, and resilient services in {IoT}},\n\turl = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christian_Cabrera4/publication/318408314_Implementing_heterogeneous_autonomous_and_resilient_services_in_IoT_An_experience_report/links/5b3b80c9aca2720785066c79/Implementing-heterogeneous-autonomous-and-resilient-services-in-IoT-An-experience-report.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1109/WoWMoM.2017.7974341},\n\tabstract = {This paper discusses the challenges in developing an IoT platform for registering, discovering and composing heterogeneous services from multiple provider types, viz., Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Web Service Providers (WSPs), and Autonomous Service Providers (ASPs), without human intervention. The platform executes a service composition in a decentralised fashion, with a mechanism to detect service provider failure and fallback to previously discovered services to complete a service composition flow. We comment on technical and scientific challenges involved in managing these heterogeneous, autonomous, and resilient IoT services.},\n\tbooktitle = {2017 {IEEE} 18th {International} {Symposium} on {A} {World} of {Wireless}, {Mobile} and {Multimedia} {Networks} ({WoWMoM})},\n\tauthor = {Cabrera, C. and Li, F. and Nallur, V. and Palade, A. and Razzaque, M. A. and White, G. and Clarke, S.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {ASP, Engines, Internet of Things, IoT, Logic gates, Mobile communication, Quality of service, Registers, Service-oriented architecture, WSN, WSP, Web service providers, Web services, Wireless sensor networks, autonomous service providers, human intervention, service provider failure, wireless sensor networks},\n\tpages = {1--6},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n This paper discusses the challenges in developing an IoT platform for registering, discovering and composing heterogeneous services from multiple provider types, viz., Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Web Service Providers (WSPs), and Autonomous Service Providers (ASPs), without human intervention. The platform executes a service composition in a decentralised fashion, with a mechanism to detect service provider failure and fallback to previously discovered services to complete a service composition flow. We comment on technical and scientific challenges involved in managing these heterogeneous, autonomous, and resilient IoT services.\n
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\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Decentralised detection of emergence in complex adaptive systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n O'Toole, E.; Nallur, V.; and Clarke, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems, 12(1): 1–31. 2017.\n Type: Journal article\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DecentralisedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{OToole2017DecentralisedDetectionEmergence,\n\ttitle = {Decentralised detection of emergence in complex adaptive systems},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1556-4665},\n\turl = {https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/9087/1/DetectInCas.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1145/3019597},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems},\n\tauthor = {O'Toole, Eamonn and Nallur, Vivek and Clarke, Siobhán},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Type: Journal article},\n\tpages = {1--31},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Quality of service approaches in IoT: A systematic mapping.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n White, G.; Nallur, V.; and Clarke, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Systems and Software, 132: 186–203. October 2017.\n Publisher: Elsevier BV\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"QualityPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{White2017Qualityserviceapproaches,\n\ttitle = {Quality of service approaches in {IoT}: {A} systematic mapping},\n\tvolume = {132},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gary_White15/publication/317296815_Quality_of_Service_Approaches_in_IoT_A_Systematic_Mapping/links/59c7ce11aca272c71bc7eb54/Quality-of-Service-Approaches-in-IoT-A-Systematic-Mapping.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.125},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Systems and Software},\n\tauthor = {White, Gary and Nallur, Vivek and Clarke, Siobhán},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Elsevier BV},\n\tpages = {186--203},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2016\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Algorithm diversity: A mechanism for distributive justice in a socio-technical MAS.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; O'Toole, E.; Cardozo, N.; and Clarke, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 2016 international conference on autonomous agents & multiagent systems, pages 420–428, 2016. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems\n Type: Conference proceedings\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AlgorithmPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{Nallur2016Algorithmdiversitymechanism,\n\ttitle = {Algorithm diversity: {A} mechanism for distributive justice in a socio-technical {MAS}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {1-4503-4239-6},\n\turl = {https://www.ifaamas.org/Proceedings/aamas2016/pdfs/p420.pdf},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 international conference on autonomous agents \\& multiagent systems},\n\tpublisher = {International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and O'Toole, Eamonn and Cardozo, Nicolás and Clarke, Siobhán},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Type: Conference proceedings},\n\tpages = {420--428},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Clonal plasticity: a method for decentralized adaptation in multi-agent systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; Cardozo, N.; and Clarke, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on software engineering for adaptive and self-managing systems, pages 122–128, 2016. ACM\n Type: Conference proceedings\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ClonalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{NallurClonalplasticitymethod,\n\ttitle = {Clonal plasticity: a method for decentralized adaptation in multi-agent systems},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {1-4503-4187-X},\n\turl = {http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/handle/2262/78715/p122-nallur.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y},\n\tdoi = {10.1145/2897053.2897067},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on software engineering for adaptive and self-managing systems},\n\tpublisher = {ACM},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Cardozo, Nicolas and Clarke, Siobhan},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Type: Conference proceedings},\n\tpages = {122--128},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2015\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Smart route planning using open data and participatory sensing.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; Elgammal, A.; and Clarke, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In IFIP international conference on open source systems, pages 91–100, 2015. Springer\n Type: Conference proceedings\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SmartPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{NallurSmartrouteplanning,\n\ttitle = {Smart route planning using open data and participatory sensing},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0_9.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0_9},\n\tbooktitle = {{IFIP} international conference on open source systems},\n\tpublisher = {Springer},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Elgammal, Amal and Clarke, Siobhan},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Type: Conference proceedings},\n\tpages = {91--100},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n On architectural diversity of dynamic adaptive systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Song, H.; Elgammal, A.; Nallur, V.; Chauvel, F.; Fleurey, F.; and Clarke, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE international conference on software engineering, volume 2, pages 595–598, 2015. \n tex.organization: IEEE\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"OnPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{song2015architectural,\n\ttitle = {On architectural diversity of dynamic adaptive systems},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2015.201},\n\tdoi = {10.1109/ICSE.2015.201},\n\tbooktitle = {2015 {IEEE}/{ACM} 37th {IEEE} international conference on software engineering},\n\tauthor = {Song, Hui and Elgammal, Amal and Nallur, Vivek and Chauvel, Franck and Fleurey, Franck and Clarke, Siobhán},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {tex.organization: IEEE},\n\tpages = {595--598},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Increasing Information in Socio-Technical MAS Considered Contentious.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; Monteil, J.; Sammons, T.; Bouroche, M.; and Clarke, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops, pages 25–30, September 2015. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"IncreasingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@inproceedings{nallur_increasing_2015,\n\ttitle = {Increasing {Information} in {Socio}-{Technical} {MAS} {Considered} {Contentious}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vivek_Nallur/publication/308729899_Increasing_Information_in_Socio-Technical_MAS_Considered_Contentious/links/580e2d6e08ae51b86396514a.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1109/SASOW.2015.9},\n\tabstract = {Socio-technical systems differ from typical MAS formulations in that efficiency of the system is not the only concern of the participating agents. Human attributes such as concern for social equity, lying and irrationality are also present, alongside the normal computation being undertaken by the agents. Typically, non-rational attributes are considered as noise and therefore not considered as important attributes of the system. In this paper, we consider noise in socio-technical systems and show that the typical reaction of increasing information to counter noise is ineffective. We show that endowing agents with increased memory and/or computational power is not necessarily beneficial to achieving the goal of the system.},\n\tbooktitle = {2015 {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Self}-{Adaptive} and {Self}-{Organizing} {Systems} {Workshops}},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, V. and Monteil, J. and Sammons, T. and Bouroche, M. and Clarke, S.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Conferences, Dispersion, Games, MAS, Sociology, Sociotechnical systems, Statistics, Vehicles, game theory, human attributes, irrationality, lying, minority game, multi-agent system, network theory (graphs), nonrational attributes, social equity, social sciences, socio-technical, socio-technical systems, vehicular network},\n\tpages = {25--30},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Socio-technical systems differ from typical MAS formulations in that efficiency of the system is not the only concern of the participating agents. Human attributes such as concern for social equity, lying and irrationality are also present, alongside the normal computation being undertaken by the agents. Typically, non-rational attributes are considered as noise and therefore not considered as important attributes of the system. In this paper, we consider noise in socio-technical systems and show that the typical reaction of increasing information to counter noise is ineffective. We show that endowing agents with increased memory and/or computational power is not necessarily beneficial to achieving the goal of the system.\n
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\n  \n 2014\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n It's good to be different: Diversity, heterogeneity, and dynamics in collective systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lewis, P. R; Goldingay, H.; and Nallur, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Self-adaptive and self-organizing systems workshops (SASOW), 2014 IEEE eighth international conference on, pages 84–89, 2014. IEEE\n Type: Conference proceedings\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"It'sPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@inproceedings{LewisItsGoodBe,\n\ttitle = {It's good to be different: {Diversity}, heterogeneity, and dynamics in collective systems},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {1-4799-6378-X},\n\turl = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter_Lewis6/publication/282685913_It's_Good_to_Be_Different_Diversity_Heterogeneity_and_Dynamics_in_Collective_Systems/links/57002b8008aee995dde81e25.pdf},\n\tbooktitle = {Self-adaptive and self-organizing systems workshops ({SASOW}), 2014 {IEEE} eighth international conference on},\n\tpublisher = {IEEE},\n\tauthor = {Lewis, Peter R and Goldingay, Harry and Nallur, Vivek},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Type: Conference proceedings},\n\tpages = {84--89},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Towards decentralised detection of emergence in complex adaptive systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n O'Toole, E.; Nallur, V.; and Clarke, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2014 IEEE eighth international conference on self-adaptive and self-organizing systems, September 2014. IEEE\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"TowardsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{OToole2014TowardsDecentralisedDetection,\n\ttitle = {Towards decentralised detection of emergence in complex adaptive systems},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vivek_Nallur/publication/286340982_Towards_Decentralised_Detection_of_Emergence_in_Complex_Adaptive_Systems/links/580e122a08aebfb68a50ddd6/Towards-Decentralised-Detection-of-Emergence-in-Complex-Adaptive-Systems.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1109/saso.2014.18},\n\tbooktitle = {2014 {IEEE} eighth international conference on self-adaptive and self-organizing systems},\n\tpublisher = {IEEE},\n\tauthor = {O'Toole, Eamonn and Nallur, Vivek and Clarke, Siobhan},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2014},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2013\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Decentralized Self-Adaptation Mechanism for Service-Based Applications in the Cloud.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; and Bahsoon, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 39(5): 591–612. 2013.\n Type: Journal article\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"APaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{Nallur2013decentralizedselfadaptation,\n\ttitle = {A {Decentralized} {Self}-{Adaptation} {Mechanism} for {Service}-{Based} {Applications} in the {Cloud}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0098-5589},\n\turl = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vivek-Nallur/publication/260648760_A_Decentralized_Self-Adaptation_Mechanism_for_Service-Based_Applications_in_the_Cloud/links/580e1c8808ae1551f0b3355d/A-Decentralized-Self-Adaptation-Mechanism-for-Service-Based-Applications-in-the-Cloud.pdf},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2012.53},\n\tabstract = {Cloud computing, with its promise of (almost) unlimited computation, storage, and bandwidth, is increasingly becoming the infrastructure of choice for many organizations. As cloud offerings mature, service-based applications need to dynamically recompose themselves to self-adapt to changing QoS requirements. In this paper, we present a decentralized mechanism for such self-adaptation, using market-based heuristics. We use a continuous double-auction to allow applications to decide which services to choose, among the many on offer. We view an application as a multi-agent system and the cloud as a marketplace where many such applications self-adapt. We show through a simulation study that our mechanism is effective for the individual application as well as from the collective perspective of all applications adapting at the same time},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Bahsoon, Rami},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Type: Journal article},\n\tpages = {591--612},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Cloud computing, with its promise of (almost) unlimited computation, storage, and bandwidth, is increasingly becoming the infrastructure of choice for many organizations. As cloud offerings mature, service-based applications need to dynamically recompose themselves to self-adapt to changing QoS requirements. In this paper, we present a decentralized mechanism for such self-adaptation, using market-based heuristics. We use a continuous double-auction to allow applications to decide which services to choose, among the many on offer. We view an application as a multi-agent system and the cloud as a marketplace where many such applications self-adapt. We show through a simulation study that our mechanism is effective for the individual application as well as from the collective perspective of all applications adapting at the same time\n
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\n  \n 2010\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Self-adapting applications based on qa requirements in the cloud using market-based heuristics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; and Bahsoon, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In European conference on a service-based internet, pages 51–62, 2010. Springer\n Type: Conference proceedings\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Self-adaptingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{NallurSelfadaptingapplications,\n\ttitle = {Self-adapting applications based on qa requirements in the cloud using market-based heuristics},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/3896558/NallurBahsoon_servicewave2010.pdf},\n\tbooktitle = {European conference on a service-based internet},\n\tpublisher = {Springer},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Bahsoon, Rami},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Type: Conference proceedings},\n\tpages = {51--62},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Design of a market-based mechanism for quality attribute tradeoff of services in the cloud.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; and Bahsoon, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM symposium on applied computing, pages 367–371, 2010. ACM\n Type: Conference proceedings\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DesignPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{NallurDesignmarketbased,\n\ttitle = {Design of a market-based mechanism for quality attribute tradeoff of services in the cloud},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {1-60558-639-0},\n\turl = {https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.459.7179&rep=rep1&type=pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1145/1774088.1774168},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2010 {ACM} symposium on applied computing},\n\tpublisher = {ACM},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Bahsoon, Rami},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Type: Conference proceedings},\n\tpages = {367--371},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Using collective intelligence as a self-adaptation mechanism in the cloud.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; and Bahsoon, R. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, 2010.\n Type: Book\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@book{Nallur2010UsingCollectiveIntelligence,\n\ttitle = {Using collective intelligence as a self-adaptation mechanism in the cloud},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tpublisher = {School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Bahsoon, Rami Khalil},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Type: Book},\n}\n
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\n  \n 2009\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Self-optimizing architecture for ensuring Quality Attributes in the cloud.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nallur, V.; Bahsoon, R.; and Yao, X.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2009 joint working IEEE/IFIP conference on software architecture european conference on software architecture, pages 281–284, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Self-optimizingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{Nallur2009Selfoptimizingarchitecture,\n\ttitle = {Self-optimizing architecture for ensuring {Quality} {Attributes} in the cloud},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {http://crest.cs.ucl.ac.uk/fileadmin/crest/sebasepaper/NallurBY09.pdf},\n\tbooktitle = {2009 joint working {IEEE}/{IFIP} conference on software architecture european conference on software architecture},\n\tauthor = {Nallur, Vivek and Bahsoon, Rami and Yao, Xin},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {281--284},\n}\n\n
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