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\n  \n 2023\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n Baril, C.; Pilling, B. G.; Mikkelsen, M. J.; Sparrow, J. M.; Duncan, C. A. M.; Koloski, C. W.; LaZerte, S. E.; and Cassone, B. J.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n The influence of weather on the population dynamics of common mosquito vector species in the Canadian Prairies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Parasites & Vectors, 16(1): 153. April 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{baril_influence_2023,\n\ttitle = {The influence of weather on the population dynamics of common mosquito vector species in the {Canadian} {Prairies}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1756-3305},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05760-x},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/s13071-023-05760-x},\n\tabstract = {Mosquito seasonal activity is largely driven by weather conditions, most notably temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity. The extent by which these weather variables influence activity is intertwined with the animal’s biology and may differ by species. For mosquito vectors, changes in weather can also alter host–pathogen interactions thereby increasing or decreasing the burden of disease.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2023-05-02},\n\tjournal = {Parasites \\& Vectors},\n\tauthor = {Baril, Cole and Pilling, Ben G. and Mikkelsen, Milah J. and Sparrow, Jessica M. and Duncan, Carlyn A. M. and Koloski, Cody W. and LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Cassone, Bryan J.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Aedes, Culex, GLMM, Humidity, Rainfall, Temperature},\n\tpages = {153},\n}\n\n
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\n Mosquito seasonal activity is largely driven by weather conditions, most notably temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity. The extent by which these weather variables influence activity is intertwined with the animal’s biology and may differ by species. For mosquito vectors, changes in weather can also alter host–pathogen interactions thereby increasing or decreasing the burden of disease.\n
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\n  \n 2022\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n Sonnleitner, J.; LaZerte, S. E.; McKellar, A. E.; Flood, N. J.; and Reudink, M. W.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Rapid shifts in migration routes and breeding latitude in North American bluebirds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ecosphere, 13(12): e4316. 2022.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.4316\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"RapidPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sonnleitner_rapid_2022,\n\ttitle = {Rapid shifts in migration routes and breeding latitude in {North} {American} bluebirds},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {2150-8925},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecs2.4316},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/ecs2.4316},\n\tabstract = {Spatial and temporal shifts in the migratory patterns of birds have become more frequent as climate change and habitat alteration continue to impact ecosystems and the species dependent on them. In this study, we used eBird community science data collected over ten years to examine potential changes in the migratory patterns of three North American bluebird species: eastern (Sialia sialis), western (Sialia mexicana), and mountain (Sialia currucoides) bluebirds. Community science datasets such as those provided through eBird are a valuable tool for examining population-level processes, as such data are often costly and time-consuming to collect through other approaches (e.g., directly tracking individuals). Using generalized additive models, we produced smoothed migration paths for all three species over each season from 2009 to 2018. We asked whether there were changes over this 10-year period in the timing of spring and fall migration and migration speed, and the population centroids during breeding and migration. In contrast to many species that are experiencing poleward shifts in their distributions, the population centroids during the breeding period of all three bluebird species appear to have shifted southward over the past decade. Perhaps most surprisingly, we also detected strong longitudinal shifts in the population centroids during migration in eastern and western bluebirds, with both species shifting toward the center of the continent. Despite these changes in migratory routes and breeding distributions, we detected no change in the migratory timing or speed of any of the species. Our analysis indicates that bluebirds are rapidly altering the pattern of their migration, likely in response to changing environmental conditions, but not always in the direction predicted.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2023-01-04},\n\tjournal = {Ecosphere},\n\tauthor = {Sonnleitner, Jared and LaZerte, Stefanie E. and McKellar, Ann E. and Flood, Nancy J. and Reudink, Matthew W.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.4316},\n\tkeywords = {bluebirds, breeding, conservation, latitude, longitude, migration, routes, shift, speed, timing},\n\tpages = {e4316},\n}\n\n
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\n Spatial and temporal shifts in the migratory patterns of birds have become more frequent as climate change and habitat alteration continue to impact ecosystems and the species dependent on them. In this study, we used eBird community science data collected over ten years to examine potential changes in the migratory patterns of three North American bluebird species: eastern (Sialia sialis), western (Sialia mexicana), and mountain (Sialia currucoides) bluebirds. Community science datasets such as those provided through eBird are a valuable tool for examining population-level processes, as such data are often costly and time-consuming to collect through other approaches (e.g., directly tracking individuals). Using generalized additive models, we produced smoothed migration paths for all three species over each season from 2009 to 2018. We asked whether there were changes over this 10-year period in the timing of spring and fall migration and migration speed, and the population centroids during breeding and migration. In contrast to many species that are experiencing poleward shifts in their distributions, the population centroids during the breeding period of all three bluebird species appear to have shifted southward over the past decade. Perhaps most surprisingly, we also detected strong longitudinal shifts in the population centroids during migration in eastern and western bluebirds, with both species shifting toward the center of the continent. Despite these changes in migratory routes and breeding distributions, we detected no change in the migratory timing or speed of any of the species. Our analysis indicates that bluebirds are rapidly altering the pattern of their migration, likely in response to changing environmental conditions, but not always in the direction predicted.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n Zumdahl, A.; LaZerte, S. E.; and Hare, J. F.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Home Range and Core Area Overlap of Manitoba Franklin’s Ground Squirrels (Poliocitellus franklinii).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Canadian Wildlife Biology & Management, 11(2): 27–41. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"HomePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{zumdahl_home_2022,\n\ttitle = {Home {Range} and {Core} {Area} {Overlap} of {Manitoba} {Franklin}’s {Ground} {Squirrels} (\\textit{{Poliocitellus} franklinii})},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\turl = {https://cwbm.ca/home-range-and-core-area-overlap-of-manitoba-franklins-ground-squirrels-poliocitellus-franklinii/},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Canadian Wildlife Biology \\& Management},\n\tauthor = {Zumdahl, A., Kristen and LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Hare, James F.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {27--41},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2020\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n Otter, K. A.; Mckenna, A.; LaZerte, S. E.; and Ramsay, S. M.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Continent-wide shifts in song dialects of white-throated sparrows.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Biology. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Continent-widePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{otter_continent-wide_2020,\n\ttitle = {Continent-wide shifts in song dialects of white-throated sparrows},\n\tissn = {0960-9822},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982220307715},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.084},\n\tabstract = {Hypotheses on regional song variation (“dialects”) assume that dialects remain stable within regions, are distinct between regions, and persist within populations over extensive periods [1, 2, 3]. Theories to explain dialects focus on mechanisms that promote persistence of regional song variants despite gene flow between regions [4, 5, 6], such as juveniles settling in non-natal populations retaining only those songs from their repertoires that match neighbors [7, 8]. It would be considered atypical for a novel song variant to invade and replace the established regional variant. Yet some studies have reported song variants shifting rapidly over time within populations [9, 10, 11]. White-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicolis, for example, traditionally sing a whistled song terminating in a repeated triplet of notes [12], which was the ubiquitous variant in surveys across Canada in the 1960s [13]. However, doublet-ending songs emerged and replaced triplet-ending songs west of the Rocky Mountains sometime between 1960 and 2000 [11] and appeared just east of the Rockies in the 2000s [14]. From recordings collected over two decades across North America, we show that doublet-ending song has now spread at a continental scale. Using geolocator tracking, we confirm that birds from western Canada, where doublet-ending songs originated, overwinter with birds from central Canada, where the song initially spread. This suggests a potential mechanism for spread through song tutoring on wintering grounds. Where the new song variant has spread, it rose from a rare variant to the sole, regional song type, as predicted by the indirect biased transmission hypothesis [10].\nVideo Abstract},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-07-07},\n\tjournal = {Current Biology},\n\tauthor = {Otter, Ken A. and Mckenna, Alexandra and LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Ramsay, Scott M.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Zonotrichia albicolis, bird song, cultural evolution, dialects, white-throated sparrows},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Hypotheses on regional song variation (“dialects”) assume that dialects remain stable within regions, are distinct between regions, and persist within populations over extensive periods [1, 2, 3]. Theories to explain dialects focus on mechanisms that promote persistence of regional song variants despite gene flow between regions [4, 5, 6], such as juveniles settling in non-natal populations retaining only those songs from their repertoires that match neighbors [7, 8]. It would be considered atypical for a novel song variant to invade and replace the established regional variant. Yet some studies have reported song variants shifting rapidly over time within populations [9, 10, 11]. White-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicolis, for example, traditionally sing a whistled song terminating in a repeated triplet of notes [12], which was the ubiquitous variant in surveys across Canada in the 1960s [13]. However, doublet-ending songs emerged and replaced triplet-ending songs west of the Rocky Mountains sometime between 1960 and 2000 [11] and appeared just east of the Rockies in the 2000s [14]. From recordings collected over two decades across North America, we show that doublet-ending song has now spread at a continental scale. Using geolocator tracking, we confirm that birds from western Canada, where doublet-ending songs originated, overwinter with birds from central Canada, where the song initially spread. This suggests a potential mechanism for spread through song tutoring on wintering grounds. Where the new song variant has spread, it rose from a rare variant to the sole, regional song type, as predicted by the indirect biased transmission hypothesis [10]. Video Abstract\n
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\n \n\n \n \n Ji, W.; LaZerte, S. E.; Waterway, M. J.; and Lechowicz, M. J.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Functional ecology of congeneric variation in the leaf economics spectrum.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n New Phytologist, 225(1): 196–208. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"FunctionalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 6 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{ji_functional_2020,\n\ttitle = {Functional ecology of congeneric variation in the leaf economics spectrum},\n\tvolume = {225},\n\tcopyright = {© 2019 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2019 New Phytologist Trust},\n\tissn = {1469-8137},\n\turl = {https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nph.16109},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/nph.16109},\n\tabstract = {Variation in resource availability can lead to phenotypic plasticity in the traits comprising the world-wide leaf economics spectrum (LES), potentially impairing plant function and complicating the use of tabulated values for LES traits in ecological studies. We compared 14 Carex (Cyperaceae) species in a factorial experiment (unshaded/shaded × sufficient/insufficient P) to analyze how changes in the network of allometric scaling relationships among LES traits influenced growth under favorable and resource-limited conditions. Changes in leaf mass per area (LMA) shifted the scaling relationships among LES traits expressed per unit area vs mass in ways that helped to sustain growth under resource limitation. Increases in area-normalized photosynthetic capacity and foliar nitrogen (N) were correlated with increased growth, offsetting losses associated with mass-normalized dark respiration and foliar N. These shifts increased the contributions to growth associated with photosynthetic N-use efficiency and the N : P ratio. Plasticity in LMA is at the hub of the functional role of the LES as an integrated and resilient complex system that balances the relationships among area- and mass-based aspects of gas exchange and foliar nutrient traits to sustain at least some degree of plant growth under differing availabilities of above- and below-ground resources.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-09-23},\n\tjournal = {New Phytologist},\n\tauthor = {Ji, Wenli and LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Waterway, Marcia J. and Lechowicz, Martin J.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Carex (Cyperaceae), functional integration, growth rate hypothesis, leaf economics spectrum, mass vs area proportionality, phenotypic plasticity, resource imbalance},\n\tpages = {196--208},\n}\n\n
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\n Variation in resource availability can lead to phenotypic plasticity in the traits comprising the world-wide leaf economics spectrum (LES), potentially impairing plant function and complicating the use of tabulated values for LES traits in ecological studies. We compared 14 Carex (Cyperaceae) species in a factorial experiment (unshaded/shaded × sufficient/insufficient P) to analyze how changes in the network of allometric scaling relationships among LES traits influenced growth under favorable and resource-limited conditions. Changes in leaf mass per area (LMA) shifted the scaling relationships among LES traits expressed per unit area vs mass in ways that helped to sustain growth under resource limitation. Increases in area-normalized photosynthetic capacity and foliar nitrogen (N) were correlated with increased growth, offsetting losses associated with mass-normalized dark respiration and foliar N. These shifts increased the contributions to growth associated with photosynthetic N-use efficiency and the N : P ratio. Plasticity in LMA is at the hub of the functional role of the LES as an integrated and resilient complex system that balances the relationships among area- and mass-based aspects of gas exchange and foliar nutrient traits to sustain at least some degree of plant growth under differing availabilities of above- and below-ground resources.\n
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\n  \n 2019\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n LaZerte, S. E.; Marini, K. L.; Slabbekoorn, H.; Reudink, M. W.; and Otter, K. A.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n More Mountain Chickadees (Poecile gambeli) sing atypical songs in urban than in rural areas.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 133(1): 28. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"MorePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lazerte_more_2019,\n\ttitle = {More {Mountain} {Chickadees} (\\textit{{Poecile} gambeli}) sing atypical songs in urban than in rural areas},\n\tvolume = {133},\n\tissn = {0008-3550},\n\turl = {https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/view/1994},\n\tdoi = {10.22621/cfn.v133i1.1994},\n\tabstract = {Urbanization results in novel ecosystems with unique challenges. These may lead to problems during song learning or development and could result in the singing of atypical songs. During studies of Mountain Chickadees (Poecile gambeli) and urbanization in British Columbia, Canada, we observed males singing atypical songs along an urbanization gradient. We found that eight of 78 males consistently sang atypical songs and the odds of singing atypical songs increased with urbanization. We explored several explanations including habitat quality, population density, and bioacoustics. Future studies investigating causes and consequences of atypical singing will clarify effects of urbanization on Mountain Chickadees.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-09-23},\n\tjournal = {The Canadian Field-Naturalist},\n\tauthor = {LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Marini, Kristen L.D. and Slabbekoorn, Hans and Reudink, Matthew W. and Otter, Ken A.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {28},\n}\n\n
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\n Urbanization results in novel ecosystems with unique challenges. These may lead to problems during song learning or development and could result in the singing of atypical songs. During studies of Mountain Chickadees (Poecile gambeli) and urbanization in British Columbia, Canada, we observed males singing atypical songs along an urbanization gradient. We found that eight of 78 males consistently sang atypical songs and the odds of singing atypical songs increased with urbanization. We explored several explanations including habitat quality, population density, and bioacoustics. Future studies investigating causes and consequences of atypical singing will clarify effects of urbanization on Mountain Chickadees.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n LaZerte, S. E.; Slabbekoorn, H.; and Otter, K. A.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n A field test of the audibility of urban versus rural songs in mountain chickadees.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ethology, (00): 1–10. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lazerte_field_2019,\n\ttitle = {A field test of the audibility of urban versus rural songs in mountain chickadees},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/eth.12876},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {00},\n\tjournal = {Ethology},\n\tauthor = {LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Slabbekoorn, Hans and Otter, Ken A.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {1--10},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n Bailey, J. M.; Reudink, M. W.; LaZerte, S. E.; Paetkau, M.; Johnson, C. J.; Hill, D. J.; and Otter, K. A.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Using radio frequency identification (RFID) to investigate the gap-crossing decisions of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Auk, 135(3): 449–460. April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"UsingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{bailey_using_2018,\n\ttitle = {Using radio frequency identification ({RFID}) to investigate the gap-crossing decisions of black-capped chickadees (\\textit{{Poecile} atricapillus})},\n\tvolume = {135},\n\tissn = {0004-8038},\n\turl = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1642/AUK-17-162.1},\n\tdoi = {10.1642/AUK-17-162.1},\n\tabstract = {Gaps in forest habitat are well documented to negatively impact the movements of forest songbirds. Much past research on avian gap-crossing decisions has utilized playback experiments. However, playbacks are limited by short observation times and often cannot be used to reveal differences in behaviors among individuals. Here, we present a novel approach utilizing radio-frequency identification (RFID) to investigate gap-crossing decisions in Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus). Using bird feeders outfitted with RFID readers, we were able to track the movement patterns of wintering Black-capped Chickadees within forests and across gaps. We used logistic regression and an information theoretic approach to identify the factors that best predicted gap-crossing behaviors. Gaps impeded movements of wintering Black-capped Chickadees and the best predictors of gap-crossing behaviors were gap size and gap vegetation density. Birds were more likely to make crossings with decreasing gap size and when gaps contained more matrix vegetation (1–2 m height). We recommend the primary way to increase connectivity for birds in fragmented habitats is to reduce gap distances. Additionally, it may be beneficial to increase shrubby or woody vegetation within the gap to a height of over 1 m, as this also increases the likelihood of gap-crossing.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2018-07-04},\n\tjournal = {The Auk},\n\tauthor = {Bailey, Jacob M. and Reudink, Matthew W. and LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Paetkau, Mark and Johnson, Chris J. and Hill, David J. and Otter, Ken A.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {449--460},\n}\n\n
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\n Gaps in forest habitat are well documented to negatively impact the movements of forest songbirds. Much past research on avian gap-crossing decisions has utilized playback experiments. However, playbacks are limited by short observation times and often cannot be used to reveal differences in behaviors among individuals. Here, we present a novel approach utilizing radio-frequency identification (RFID) to investigate gap-crossing decisions in Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus). Using bird feeders outfitted with RFID readers, we were able to track the movement patterns of wintering Black-capped Chickadees within forests and across gaps. We used logistic regression and an information theoretic approach to identify the factors that best predicted gap-crossing behaviors. Gaps impeded movements of wintering Black-capped Chickadees and the best predictors of gap-crossing behaviors were gap size and gap vegetation density. Birds were more likely to make crossings with decreasing gap size and when gaps contained more matrix vegetation (1–2 m height). We recommend the primary way to increase connectivity for birds in fragmented habitats is to reduce gap distances. Additionally, it may be beneficial to increase shrubby or woody vegetation within the gap to a height of over 1 m, as this also increases the likelihood of gap-crossing.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n LaZerte, S. E; and Albers, S.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n weathercan: Download and format weather data from Environment and Climate Change Canada.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Open Source Software, 3(22): 571. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{lazerte_weathercan:_2018,\n\ttitle = {weathercan: {Download} and format weather data from {Environment} and {Climate} {Change} {Canada}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tdoi = {10.21105/joss.00571},\n\tnumber = {22},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Open Source Software},\n\tauthor = {LaZerte, Stefanie E and Albers, Sam},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {571},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n  \n 2017\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n Marini, K. L.; Reudink, M. W; LaZerte, S. E; and Otter, K. A\n\n\n \n \n \n \n Urban mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli) begin vocalizing earlier, and have greater dawn chorus output than rural males.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Behaviour, 154(12): 1197–1214. 2017.\n In prep\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{marini_urban_2017,\n\ttitle = {Urban mountain chickadees (\\textit{{Poecile} gambeli}) begin vocalizing earlier, and have greater dawn chorus output than rural males},\n\tvolume = {154},\n\tdoi = {10.1163/1568539X-00003464},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\tjournal = {Behaviour},\n\tauthor = {Marini, Kristen LD and Reudink, Matthew W and LaZerte, Stefanie E and Otter, Ken A},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {In prep},\n\tpages = {1197--1214},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n Marini, K. L.; Otter, K. A; LaZerte, S. E; and Reudink, M. W\n\n\n \n \n \n \n Urban environments are associated with earlier clutches and faster nestling feather growth compared to natural habitats.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Urban Ecosystems, 20(6): 1291–1300. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{marini_urban_2017-1,\n\ttitle = {Urban environments are associated with earlier clutches and faster nestling feather growth compared to natural habitats},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11252-017-0681-2},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Urban Ecosystems},\n\tauthor = {Marini, Kristen LD and Otter, Ken A and LaZerte, Stefanie E and Reudink, Matthew W},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1291--1300},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n LaZerte, S. E.; Reudink, M. W.; Otter, K. A.; Kusack, J.; Bailey, J. M.; Woolverton, A.; Paetkau, M.; de Jong, A.; and Hill, D. J.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n feedr and animalnexus.ca: A paired R package and user-friendly Web application for transforming and visualizing animal movement data from static stations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ecology and Evolution, 7(19): 7884–7896. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"feedrPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{lazerte_feedr_2017,\n\ttitle = {feedr and animalnexus.ca: {A} paired {R} package and user-friendly {Web} application for transforming and visualizing animal movement data from static stations},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {2045-7758},\n\tshorttitle = {feedr and animalnexus.ca},\n\turl = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.3240/abstract},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/ece3.3240},\n\tabstract = {Radio frequency identification (RFID) provides a simple and inexpensive approach for examining the movements of tagged animals, which can provide information on species behavior and ecology, such as habitat/resource use and social interactions. In addition, tracking animal movements is appealing to naturalists, citizen scientists, and the general public and thus represents a tool for public engagement in science and science education. Although a useful tool, the large amount of data collected using RFID may quickly become overwhelming. Here, we present an R package (feedr) we have developed for loading, transforming, and visualizing time-stamped, georeferenced data, such as RFID data collected from static logger stations. Using our package, data can be transformed from raw RFID data to visits, presence (regular detections by a logger over time), movements between loggers, displacements, and activity patterns. In addition, we provide several conversion functions to allow users to format data for use in functions from other complementary R packages. Data can also be visualized through static or interactive maps or as animations over time. To increase accessibility, data can be transformed and visualized either through R directly, or through the companion site: http://animalnexus.ca, an online, user-friendly, R-based Shiny Web application. This system can be used by professional and citizen scientists alike to view and study animal movements. We have designed this package to be flexible and to be able to handle data collected from other stationary sources (e.g., hair traps, static very high frequency (VHF) telemetry loggers, observations of marked individuals in colonies or staging sites), and we hope this framework will become a meeting point for science, education, and community awareness of the movements of animals. We aim to inspire citizen engagement while simultaneously enabling robust scientific analysis.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {19},\n\turldate = {2017-09-05},\n\tjournal = {Ecology and Evolution},\n\tauthor = {LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Reudink, Matthew W. and Otter, Ken A. and Kusack, Jackson and Bailey, Jacob M. and Woolverton, Austin and Paetkau, Mark and de Jong, Adriaan and Hill, David J.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {R, Shiny, Web application, feedr, movement, open-source, radio frequency identification, user-friendly, visualization},\n\tpages = {7884--7896},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Radio frequency identification (RFID) provides a simple and inexpensive approach for examining the movements of tagged animals, which can provide information on species behavior and ecology, such as habitat/resource use and social interactions. In addition, tracking animal movements is appealing to naturalists, citizen scientists, and the general public and thus represents a tool for public engagement in science and science education. Although a useful tool, the large amount of data collected using RFID may quickly become overwhelming. Here, we present an R package (feedr) we have developed for loading, transforming, and visualizing time-stamped, georeferenced data, such as RFID data collected from static logger stations. Using our package, data can be transformed from raw RFID data to visits, presence (regular detections by a logger over time), movements between loggers, displacements, and activity patterns. In addition, we provide several conversion functions to allow users to format data for use in functions from other complementary R packages. Data can also be visualized through static or interactive maps or as animations over time. To increase accessibility, data can be transformed and visualized either through R directly, or through the companion site: http://animalnexus.ca, an online, user-friendly, R-based Shiny Web application. This system can be used by professional and citizen scientists alike to view and study animal movements. We have designed this package to be flexible and to be able to handle data collected from other stationary sources (e.g., hair traps, static very high frequency (VHF) telemetry loggers, observations of marked individuals in colonies or staging sites), and we hope this framework will become a meeting point for science, education, and community awareness of the movements of animals. We aim to inspire citizen engagement while simultaneously enabling robust scientific analysis.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n LaZerte, S. E.; Otter, K. A.; and Slabbekoorn, H.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n Mountain chickadees adjust songs, calls and chorus composition with increasing ambient and experimental anthropogenic noise.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Urban Ecosystems, 20(5): 989–1000. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{lazerte_mountain_2017,\n\ttitle = {Mountain chickadees adjust songs, calls and chorus composition with increasing ambient and experimental anthropogenic noise},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11252-017-0652-7},\n\tabstract = {Vocal plasticity may allow birds to reduce masking effects of noise pollution arising from urbanization. Mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli) use both songs and calls during the dawn chorus, which vary in masking susceptibility. Thus, increasing song or call frequency, or switching between vocalization types are all potential mechanisms to reduce masking during fluctuating noise conditions. Further, prior experience with noise pollution may be a necessary precursor to allow birds to alter signals in response to sudden noisy conditions. To determine how mountain chickadee songs, calls, and chorus composition are affected by noise, we recorded 55 males across gradients of local ambient noise and habitat urbanization in three cities in British Columbia, Canada. Of these individuals, 31 were also exposed to 5-min experimental noise treatments. Habitat urbanization was quantified through a continuous index reflecting properties of urbanized areas. Only song frequency increased with local ambient noise, and this effect varied regionally. In response to experimental noise exposure, males increased the frequency of their calls (but not of their songs), and varied their use of songs vs. calls. Interestingly, this response was dependent on local ambient noise levels: males in noisy areas shifted to using relatively more songs, whereas males in quiet areas shifted to using relatively more calls. These findings may suggest that although mountain chickadees are capable of adjusting their vocalizations, choosing a response which can lead to masking release may require prior exposure to high levels of ambient noise.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Urban Ecosystems},\n\tauthor = {LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Otter, Ken A. and Slabbekoorn, Hans},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {989--1000},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Vocal plasticity may allow birds to reduce masking effects of noise pollution arising from urbanization. Mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli) use both songs and calls during the dawn chorus, which vary in masking susceptibility. Thus, increasing song or call frequency, or switching between vocalization types are all potential mechanisms to reduce masking during fluctuating noise conditions. Further, prior experience with noise pollution may be a necessary precursor to allow birds to alter signals in response to sudden noisy conditions. To determine how mountain chickadee songs, calls, and chorus composition are affected by noise, we recorded 55 males across gradients of local ambient noise and habitat urbanization in three cities in British Columbia, Canada. Of these individuals, 31 were also exposed to 5-min experimental noise treatments. Habitat urbanization was quantified through a continuous index reflecting properties of urbanized areas. Only song frequency increased with local ambient noise, and this effect varied regionally. In response to experimental noise exposure, males increased the frequency of their calls (but not of their songs), and varied their use of songs vs. calls. Interestingly, this response was dependent on local ambient noise levels: males in noisy areas shifted to using relatively more songs, whereas males in quiet areas shifted to using relatively more calls. These findings may suggest that although mountain chickadees are capable of adjusting their vocalizations, choosing a response which can lead to masking release may require prior exposure to high levels of ambient noise.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n LaZerte, S. E.; Slabbekoorn, H.; and Otter, K. A.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Territorial black-capped chickadee males respond faster to high- than to low-frequency songs in experimentally elevated noise conditions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n PeerJ, 5: e3257. April 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"TerritorialPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{lazerte_territorial_2017,\n\ttitle = {Territorial black-capped chickadee males respond faster to high- than to low-frequency songs in experimentally elevated noise conditions},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2167-8359},\n\turl = {https://peerj.com/articles/3257},\n\tdoi = {10.7717/peerj.3257},\n\tabstract = {Low-frequency urban noise can interfere with avian communication through masking. Some species are able to shift the frequency of their vocalizations upwards in noisy conditions, which may reduce the effects of masking. However, results from playback studies investigating whether or not such vocal changes improve audibility in noisy conditions are not clear; the responses of free-ranging individuals to shifted signals are potentially confounded by functional trade-offs between masking-related audibility and frequency-dependent signal quality. Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) naturally sing their songs at several different frequencies as they pitch-shift to match conspecifics during song-matching contests. They are also known to switch to higher song frequencies in response to experimental noise exposure. Each male produces both high- and low-frequency songs and absolute frequency is not a signal of aggression or dominance, making this an interesting species in which to test whether higher-frequency songs are more audible than lower-frequency songs in noisy conditions. We conducted playback studies across southern and central British Columbia, Canada, using paired song stimuli (high- vs low-frequency songs, n = 24 pairs) embedded in synthetic background noise created to match typical urban sound profiles. Over the course of each playback, the signal-to-noise ratio of the song stimuli was gradually increased by raising the amplitude of the song stimuli while maintaining background noise at a constant amplitude. We evaluated variation in how quickly and aggressively territorial males reacted to each of the paired stimuli. We found that males responded more quickly to playbacks of high- than low-frequency songs when high-frequency songs were presented first, but not when low-frequency songs were first. This difference may be explained by high-frequency songs being more audible combined with a carry-over effect resulting in slower responses to the second stimulus due to habituation. We observed no difference in overall aggression between stimuli. These results suggest that high-frequency songs may be more audible under noisy conditions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2017-05-02},\n\tjournal = {PeerJ},\n\tauthor = {LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Slabbekoorn, Hans and Otter, Ken A.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {e3257},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Low-frequency urban noise can interfere with avian communication through masking. Some species are able to shift the frequency of their vocalizations upwards in noisy conditions, which may reduce the effects of masking. However, results from playback studies investigating whether or not such vocal changes improve audibility in noisy conditions are not clear; the responses of free-ranging individuals to shifted signals are potentially confounded by functional trade-offs between masking-related audibility and frequency-dependent signal quality. Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) naturally sing their songs at several different frequencies as they pitch-shift to match conspecifics during song-matching contests. They are also known to switch to higher song frequencies in response to experimental noise exposure. Each male produces both high- and low-frequency songs and absolute frequency is not a signal of aggression or dominance, making this an interesting species in which to test whether higher-frequency songs are more audible than lower-frequency songs in noisy conditions. We conducted playback studies across southern and central British Columbia, Canada, using paired song stimuli (high- vs low-frequency songs, n = 24 pairs) embedded in synthetic background noise created to match typical urban sound profiles. Over the course of each playback, the signal-to-noise ratio of the song stimuli was gradually increased by raising the amplitude of the song stimuli while maintaining background noise at a constant amplitude. We evaluated variation in how quickly and aggressively territorial males reacted to each of the paired stimuli. We found that males responded more quickly to playbacks of high- than low-frequency songs when high-frequency songs were presented first, but not when low-frequency songs were first. This difference may be explained by high-frequency songs being more audible combined with a carry-over effect resulting in slower responses to the second stimulus due to habituation. We observed no difference in overall aggression between stimuli. These results suggest that high-frequency songs may be more audible under noisy conditions.\n
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\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n  \n 2016\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n Snell, C. L.; LaZerte, S. E.; Reudink, M. W.; and Otter, K. A.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n Sympatric song variant in mountain chickadees Poecile gambeli does not reduce aggression from black-capped chickadees Poecile atricapillus.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Ecology, 2(1): 53–59. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{snell_sympatric_2016,\n\ttitle = {Sympatric song variant in mountain chickadees \\textit{{Poecile} gambeli} does not reduce aggression from black-capped chickadees \\textit{{Poecile} atricapillus}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/eje-2016-0006},\n\tabstract = {When habitats overlap and species compete for resources, negative interactions frequently occur. Character displacement in the form of behavioural, social or morphological divergences between closely related species can act to reduce negative interactions and often arise in regions of geographic overlap. Mountain chickadees Poecile gambeli have an altered song structure in regions of geographic overlap with the behaviourally dominant black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus. Similar to European and Asian tits, altered song in mountain chickadees may decrease aggression from black-capped chickadees. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a playback study in Prince George, BC, Canada, to examine how black-capped chickadees responded to the songs of mountain chickadees recorded in regions where the two species were either sympatric or allopatric. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to collapse behavioural response variables into a single ‘approach’ variable and a single ‘vocalisation’ variable. We then used mixed-model analysis to determine whether there was a difference in approach or vocalisation response to the two types of mountain chickadee songs (allopatric songs and variant sympatric songs). Black-capped chickadees responded with equal intensity to both types of mountain chickadee songs, suggesting that the variant mountain chickadee songs from regions of sympatry with black-capped chickadees do not reduce heterospecific aggression. To our knowledge, this is the only instance of a character shift unassociated with reduced aggression in the family Paridae and raises interesting questions about the selective pressures leading to the evolution of this song divergence.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2017-01-16},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Ecology},\n\tauthor = {Snell, Cara L. and LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Reudink, Matthew W. and Otter, Ken A.},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {53--59},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n When habitats overlap and species compete for resources, negative interactions frequently occur. Character displacement in the form of behavioural, social or morphological divergences between closely related species can act to reduce negative interactions and often arise in regions of geographic overlap. Mountain chickadees Poecile gambeli have an altered song structure in regions of geographic overlap with the behaviourally dominant black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus. Similar to European and Asian tits, altered song in mountain chickadees may decrease aggression from black-capped chickadees. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a playback study in Prince George, BC, Canada, to examine how black-capped chickadees responded to the songs of mountain chickadees recorded in regions where the two species were either sympatric or allopatric. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to collapse behavioural response variables into a single ‘approach’ variable and a single ‘vocalisation’ variable. We then used mixed-model analysis to determine whether there was a difference in approach or vocalisation response to the two types of mountain chickadee songs (allopatric songs and variant sympatric songs). Black-capped chickadees responded with equal intensity to both types of mountain chickadee songs, suggesting that the variant mountain chickadee songs from regions of sympatry with black-capped chickadees do not reduce heterospecific aggression. To our knowledge, this is the only instance of a character shift unassociated with reduced aggression in the family Paridae and raises interesting questions about the selective pressures leading to the evolution of this song divergence.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n LaZerte, S. E.; and Kramer, D. L.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Activity of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) during the summer and fall.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Canadian Journal of Zoology, 94(10): 685–695. August 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ActivityPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{lazerte_activity_2016,\n\ttitle = {Activity of eastern chipmunks (\\textit{{Tamias} striatus}) during the summer and fall},\n\tvolume = {94},\n\tissn = {0008-4301, 1480-3283},\n\turl = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjz-2016-0064},\n\tdoi = {10.1139/cjz-2016-0064},\n\tabstract = {Measuring activity of small mammals in the field is challenging because they are often out of view. We used a novel method, based on temperatures of collar radio transmitters, to quantify the proportion of time eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus (L., 1758)) spent active, curled up resting, and torpid during the summer and fall of 2 years in southern Quebec. Time active over the 24 h day was lower in a nonmast (8\\%) than a mast (26\\%) year. In the mast year, activity varied strongly from a low of 7\\% during the summer lull to a high of 35\\% in the fall. Chipmunks that exploited a feeder had higher activity (33\\%) than chipmunks that did not (19\\%). Activity was higher during the day, but some activity occurred at night. Daily activity patterns varied strongly among seasonal periods. There was no evidence of torpor during the summer lull. Torpor started much earlier in the nonmast than in the mast year and occurred more at night than during the day. Overall, our study suggests that activity in this food-storing hibernator is positively influenced by food availability and indicates that thermosensitive radiotelemetry is a promising method for recording continuous activity.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2016-09-26},\n\tjournal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},\n\tauthor = {LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Kramer, Donald L.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {685--695},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Measuring activity of small mammals in the field is challenging because they are often out of view. We used a novel method, based on temperatures of collar radio transmitters, to quantify the proportion of time eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus (L., 1758)) spent active, curled up resting, and torpid during the summer and fall of 2 years in southern Quebec. Time active over the 24 h day was lower in a nonmast (8%) than a mast (26%) year. In the mast year, activity varied strongly from a low of 7% during the summer lull to a high of 35% in the fall. Chipmunks that exploited a feeder had higher activity (33%) than chipmunks that did not (19%). Activity was higher during the day, but some activity occurred at night. Daily activity patterns varied strongly among seasonal periods. There was no evidence of torpor during the summer lull. Torpor started much earlier in the nonmast than in the mast year and occurred more at night than during the day. Overall, our study suggests that activity in this food-storing hibernator is positively influenced by food availability and indicates that thermosensitive radiotelemetry is a promising method for recording continuous activity.\n
\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n Adams, R. V.; LaZerte, S. E.; Otter, K. A.; and Burg, T. M.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Influence of landscape features on the microgeographic genetic structure of a resident songbird.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Heredity, 117(2): 63–72. August 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"InfluencePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{adams_influence_2016,\n\ttitle = {Influence of landscape features on the microgeographic genetic structure of a resident songbird},\n\tvolume = {117},\n\tcopyright = {© 2016 Nature Publishing Group},\n\tissn = {0018-067X},\n\turl = {http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v117/n2/full/hdy201612a.html},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/hdy.2016.12},\n\tabstract = {Landscape features influence individual dispersal and as a result can affect both gene flow and genetic variation within and between populations. The landscape of British Columbia, Canada, is already highly heterogeneous because of natural ecological and geological transitions, but disturbance from human-mediated processes has further fragmented continuous habitat, particularly in the central plateau region. In this study, we evaluated the effects of landscape heterogeneity on the genetic structure of a common resident songbird, the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus). Previous work revealed significant population structuring in British Columbia that could not be explained by physical barriers, so our aim was to assess the pattern of genetic structure at a microgeographic scale and determine the effect of different landscape features on genetic differentiation. A total of 399 individuals from 15 populations were genotyped for fourteen microsatellite loci revealing significant population structuring in this species. Individual- and population-based analyses revealed as many as nine genetic clusters with isolation in the north, the central plateau and the south. Moreover, a mixed modelling approach that accounted for non-independence of pairwise distance values revealed a significant effect of land cover and elevation resistance on genetic differentiation. These results suggest that barriers in the landscape influence dispersal which has led to the unexpectedly high levels of population isolation. Our study demonstrates the importance of incorporating landscape features when interpreting patterns of population differentiation. Despite taking a microgeographic approach, our results have opened up additional questions concerning the processes influencing dispersal and gene flow at the local scale.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2016-07-13},\n\tjournal = {Heredity},\n\tauthor = {Adams, R. V. and LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Otter, K. A. and Burg, T. M.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {63--72},\n}\n\n
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\n Landscape features influence individual dispersal and as a result can affect both gene flow and genetic variation within and between populations. The landscape of British Columbia, Canada, is already highly heterogeneous because of natural ecological and geological transitions, but disturbance from human-mediated processes has further fragmented continuous habitat, particularly in the central plateau region. In this study, we evaluated the effects of landscape heterogeneity on the genetic structure of a common resident songbird, the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus). Previous work revealed significant population structuring in British Columbia that could not be explained by physical barriers, so our aim was to assess the pattern of genetic structure at a microgeographic scale and determine the effect of different landscape features on genetic differentiation. A total of 399 individuals from 15 populations were genotyped for fourteen microsatellite loci revealing significant population structuring in this species. Individual- and population-based analyses revealed as many as nine genetic clusters with isolation in the north, the central plateau and the south. Moreover, a mixed modelling approach that accounted for non-independence of pairwise distance values revealed a significant effect of land cover and elevation resistance on genetic differentiation. These results suggest that barriers in the landscape influence dispersal which has led to the unexpectedly high levels of population isolation. Our study demonstrates the importance of incorporating landscape features when interpreting patterns of population differentiation. Despite taking a microgeographic approach, our results have opened up additional questions concerning the processes influencing dispersal and gene flow at the local scale.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n LaZerte, S. E.; Slabbekoorn, H.; and Otter, K. A.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n Learning to cope: Vocal adjustment to urban noise is correlated with prior experience in black-capped chickadees.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283: 20161058. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{lazerte_learning_2016,\n\ttitle = {Learning to cope: {Vocal} adjustment to urban noise is correlated with prior experience in black-capped chickadees},\n\tvolume = {283},\n\tdoi = {10.1098/rspb.2016.1058},\n\tabstract = {Urban noise can interfere with avian communication through masking, but birds can reduce this interference by altering their vocalizations. Although several experimental studies indicate that birds can rapidly change their vocalizations in response to sudden increases in ambient noise, none have investigated whether this is a learned response that depends on previous exposure. Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) change the frequency of their songs in response to both fluctuating traffic noise and experimental noise. We investigated whether these responses to fluctuating noise depend on familiarity with noise. We confirmed that males in noisy areas sang higher-frequency songs than those in quiet areas, but found that only males in already-noisy territories shifted songs upwards in immediate response to experimental noise. Unexpectedly, males in more quiet territories shifted songs downwards in response to experimental noise. These results suggest that chickadees may require prior experience with fluctuating noise to adjust vocalizations in such a way as to minimize masking. Thus, learning to cope may be an important part of adjusting to acoustic life in the city.},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},\n\tauthor = {LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Slabbekoorn, Hans and Otter, Ken A.},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {20161058},\n}\n
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\n Urban noise can interfere with avian communication through masking, but birds can reduce this interference by altering their vocalizations. Although several experimental studies indicate that birds can rapidly change their vocalizations in response to sudden increases in ambient noise, none have investigated whether this is a learned response that depends on previous exposure. Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) change the frequency of their songs in response to both fluctuating traffic noise and experimental noise. We investigated whether these responses to fluctuating noise depend on familiarity with noise. We confirmed that males in noisy areas sang higher-frequency songs than those in quiet areas, but found that only males in already-noisy territories shifted songs upwards in immediate response to experimental noise. Unexpectedly, males in more quiet territories shifted songs downwards in response to experimental noise. These results suggest that chickadees may require prior experience with fluctuating noise to adjust vocalizations in such a way as to minimize masking. Thus, learning to cope may be an important part of adjusting to acoustic life in the city.\n
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\n  \n 2015\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n LaZerte, S. E.; Otter, K. A.; and Slabbekoorn, H.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Relative effects of ambient noise and habitat openness on signal transfer for chickadee vocalizations in rural and urban green-spaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bioacoustics, 24(3): 233–252. August 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"RelativePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{lazerte_relative_2015,\n\ttitle = {Relative effects of ambient noise and habitat openness on signal transfer for chickadee vocalizations in rural and urban green-spaces},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tissn = {0952-4622},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2015.1060531},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/09524622.2015.1060531},\n\tabstract = {Urbanization creates communication challenges for many species. Birds in particular rely on vocal communication for reproduction and territory defence, but in noisy or acoustically altered environments signals may be compromised. Both ambient noise and habitat openness affect signal transfer, but it is not clear how these two variables interact in urban green-spaces. Using black-capped and mountain chickadee vocalizations, we conducted transmission experiments to measure acoustic degradation and signal-to-noise ratios among a replicated set of transects spanning a range of both ambient noise levels and habitat openness. We used Akaike information criterion (AIC), an information theoretic approach, for selection and averaging of five alternative linear mixed models. We found ambient noise strongly and negatively correlated with relative signal amplitude and detection of signal features. In contrast, habitat openness appeared to have little effect on signal transfer. We also confirmed that urban green-spaces had significantly greater ambient noise levels than rural sites, which suggests that the dominant impact of anthropogenic noise on signal transfer should be an issue of concern to species conservation within these urban green-spaces.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2015-08-27},\n\tjournal = {Bioacoustics},\n\tauthor = {LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Otter, Ken A. and Slabbekoorn, Hans},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {233--252},\n}\n\n
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\n Urbanization creates communication challenges for many species. Birds in particular rely on vocal communication for reproduction and territory defence, but in noisy or acoustically altered environments signals may be compromised. Both ambient noise and habitat openness affect signal transfer, but it is not clear how these two variables interact in urban green-spaces. Using black-capped and mountain chickadee vocalizations, we conducted transmission experiments to measure acoustic degradation and signal-to-noise ratios among a replicated set of transects spanning a range of both ambient noise levels and habitat openness. We used Akaike information criterion (AIC), an information theoretic approach, for selection and averaging of five alternative linear mixed models. We found ambient noise strongly and negatively correlated with relative signal amplitude and detection of signal features. In contrast, habitat openness appeared to have little effect on signal transfer. We also confirmed that urban green-spaces had significantly greater ambient noise levels than rural sites, which suggests that the dominant impact of anthropogenic noise on signal transfer should be an issue of concern to species conservation within these urban green-spaces.\n
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\n  \n 2013\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n Grava, A.; Otter, K. A.; Grava, T.; LaZerte, S. E.; Poesel, A.; and Rush, A. C.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n Character displacement in dawn chorusing behaviour of sympatric mountain and black-capped chickadees.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Animal Behaviour, 86(1): 177–187. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{grava_character_2013,\n\ttitle = {Character displacement in dawn chorusing behaviour of sympatric mountain and black-capped chickadees},\n\tvolume = {86},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.05.009},\n\tabstract = {Signals of closely related species tend to be more distinct when occurring in sympatry than in allopatry. Such differences allow species-specific identification and presumably reduce interspecific mating. Among chickadees, dawn chorus behaviour affects female mate choice. Within our sympatric study population of black-capped chickadees, Poecile atricapillus, and mountain chickadees, Poecile gambeli, directional hybridization occurs via extrapair matings between female mountain chickadees (the subordinate species) and male black-capped chickadees (the dominant species). In this study, we compared dawn singing from this sympatric population with dawn recordings from allopatric populations of each species. Mountain chickadees used more chick-a-dee calls than songs during the dawn chorus when they co-occurred with black-capped chickadees in the sympatric population, but used similar proportions of calls and songs in the allopatric populations. We also found differences in the fine structure of the song; both species typically had a descending first note in their song (glissando), but mountain chickadees in the sympatric population used an ascending first note. The internote ratio between the first two notes of the song of the sympatric mountain chickadees lacked a characteristic frequency drop found in the allopatric mountain chickadee population and in the allopatric and sympatric populations of black-capped chickadees. Geographical analysis of songs of mountain chickadees across western North America revealed consistent differences in song features among sympatric/allopatric populations in different regions, but the nature of character shifts were not always parallel among populations. These findings illustrate possible character displacement in a subordinate species (mountain chickadee) to reduce acoustic overlap with a dominant heterospecific (black-capped chickadee).},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2013-06-28},\n\tjournal = {Animal Behaviour},\n\tauthor = {Grava, Angélique and Otter, Ken A. and Grava, Thibault and LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Poesel, Angelika and Rush, Andrew C.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {177--187},\n}\n\n
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\n Signals of closely related species tend to be more distinct when occurring in sympatry than in allopatry. Such differences allow species-specific identification and presumably reduce interspecific mating. Among chickadees, dawn chorus behaviour affects female mate choice. Within our sympatric study population of black-capped chickadees, Poecile atricapillus, and mountain chickadees, Poecile gambeli, directional hybridization occurs via extrapair matings between female mountain chickadees (the subordinate species) and male black-capped chickadees (the dominant species). In this study, we compared dawn singing from this sympatric population with dawn recordings from allopatric populations of each species. Mountain chickadees used more chick-a-dee calls than songs during the dawn chorus when they co-occurred with black-capped chickadees in the sympatric population, but used similar proportions of calls and songs in the allopatric populations. We also found differences in the fine structure of the song; both species typically had a descending first note in their song (glissando), but mountain chickadees in the sympatric population used an ascending first note. The internote ratio between the first two notes of the song of the sympatric mountain chickadees lacked a characteristic frequency drop found in the allopatric mountain chickadee population and in the allopatric and sympatric populations of black-capped chickadees. Geographical analysis of songs of mountain chickadees across western North America revealed consistent differences in song features among sympatric/allopatric populations in different regions, but the nature of character shifts were not always parallel among populations. These findings illustrate possible character displacement in a subordinate species (mountain chickadee) to reduce acoustic overlap with a dominant heterospecific (black-capped chickadee).\n
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\n  \n 2011\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n LaZerte, S. E.; and Kramer, D. L.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Using thermosensitive radiotelemetry to document rest and activity in a semifossorial rodent.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wildlife Society Bulletin, 35(4): 481–488. December 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"UsingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{lazerte_using_2011,\n\ttitle = {Using thermosensitive radiotelemetry to document rest and activity in a semifossorial rodent},\n\tvolume = {35},\n\tissn = {1938-5463},\n\turl = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wsb.74/abstract},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/wsb.74},\n\tabstract = {We present a protocol for using temperature records from external thermosensitive radiotransmitters recorded by data-logging receivers to identify bouts of rest and activity in mammals that sleep in a curled-up posture. We illustrate the protocol using eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) sampled in the Ruiter Valley Land Trust near Mansonville, Quebec, Canada. Temperatures recorded at intervals of 12–45 min, when chipmunks were in their burrows as well as above ground, displayed sequences of warmer, stable temperatures (assumed to be produced by curled-up, resting individuals) alternating with sequences of cooler, more variable temperatures (assumed to be produced by active individuals). By sampling points from typical sequences of rest and activity and using regression tree analyses to optimize the distinction between resting and active temperatures, we were able to define bouts of rest and activity. Torpor bouts were also identified by a distinct pattern of decreasing temperatures. Because curled-up rest did not occur outside the burrow, we were able to validate the assignment of bouts by independent determination of chipmunk locations using handheld telemetry. The proportion of observations of chipmunks outside the burrow correctly classified as active and the proportion of chipmunks classified as resting that were correctly located in their burrows were both high (approx. 96\\%). For the numerous mammalian species that curl up to rest, continuously recorded thermosensitive telemetry has the potential to provide more precise and reliable data on rest and activity over longer periods, including the night and time in burrows or dens, and with less effort per individual than most alternative techniques. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2012-01-30},\n\tjournal = {Wildlife Society Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {LaZerte, Stefanie E. and Kramer, Donald L.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Sciuridae, Tamias striatus, activity budget, activity level, activity pattern, diel, eastern chipmunk, not read, semifossorial, thermosensitive radiotelemetry},\n\tpages = {481--488},\n}\n\n
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\n We present a protocol for using temperature records from external thermosensitive radiotransmitters recorded by data-logging receivers to identify bouts of rest and activity in mammals that sleep in a curled-up posture. We illustrate the protocol using eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) sampled in the Ruiter Valley Land Trust near Mansonville, Quebec, Canada. Temperatures recorded at intervals of 12–45 min, when chipmunks were in their burrows as well as above ground, displayed sequences of warmer, stable temperatures (assumed to be produced by curled-up, resting individuals) alternating with sequences of cooler, more variable temperatures (assumed to be produced by active individuals). By sampling points from typical sequences of rest and activity and using regression tree analyses to optimize the distinction between resting and active temperatures, we were able to define bouts of rest and activity. Torpor bouts were also identified by a distinct pattern of decreasing temperatures. Because curled-up rest did not occur outside the burrow, we were able to validate the assignment of bouts by independent determination of chipmunk locations using handheld telemetry. The proportion of observations of chipmunks outside the burrow correctly classified as active and the proportion of chipmunks classified as resting that were correctly located in their burrows were both high (approx. 96%). For the numerous mammalian species that curl up to rest, continuously recorded thermosensitive telemetry has the potential to provide more precise and reliable data on rest and activity over longer periods, including the night and time in burrows or dens, and with less effort per individual than most alternative techniques. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.\n
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