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\n\n \n \n Fitzer, S. C., Chan, V. B. S., Meng, Y., Rajan, K. C., Suzuki, M., Not, C., Toyofuku, T., Falkenberg, L., Byrne, M., Harvey, B. P., Wit, P. d., Cusack, M., Gao, K. S., Taylor, P., Dupont, S., Hall-Spencer, J. M., & Thiyagarajan, V.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chapter 2 Established and Emerging Techniques for Characterising the Formation, Structure and Performance of Calcified Structures under Ocean Acidification.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hawkins, S. J, Allcock, A. L, Bates, A. E, Firth, L. B, Smith, I. P, Swearer, S. E, & Todd, P. A, editor(s),
Oceanography and marine biology: an annual review, volume 57. 2019.\n
OCLC: 1111577170\n\n
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@incollection{hawkins_chapter_2019,\n\ttitle = {Chapter 2 {Established} and {Emerging} {Techniques} for {Characterising} the {Formation}, {Structure} and {Performance} of {Calcified} {Structures} under {Ocean} {Acidification}},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tisbn = {978-0-429-02637-9 978-0-429-64356-9 978-0-429-63722-3 978-0-429-64039-1},\n\turl = {https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=5845866},\n\tabstract = {Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative reviews summarizing the results of recent research. This volume covers topics that include resting cysts from coastal marine plankton, facilitation cascades in marine ecosystems, and the way that human activities are rapidly altering the sensory landscape and behaviour of marine animals. Guidelines for contributors, including information on illustration requirements, can be downloaded on the Downloads/Updates tab on the books webpage. For more than 50 years, OMBAR has been an essential reference for research workers and students in all fields of marine science. From Volume 57 a new international Editorial Board ensures global relevance, with editors from the UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and Singapore. The series volumes find a place in the libraries of not only marine laboratories and institutes, but also universities.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2021-07-27},\n\tbooktitle = {Oceanography and marine biology: an annual review},\n\tauthor = {Fitzer, Susan C. and Chan, Vera Bin San and Meng, Yuan and Rajan, Kanmani Chandra and Suzuki, Michio and Not, Christelle and Toyofuku, Takashi and Falkenberg, Laura and Byrne, Maria and Harvey, Ben P. and Wit, Pierre de and Cusack, Maggie and Gao, K. S. and Taylor, Paul and Dupont, Sam and Hall-Spencer, Jason M. and Thiyagarajan, V.},\n\teditor = {Hawkins, S. J and Allcock, A. L and Bates, A. E and Firth, L. B and Smith, I. P and Swearer, S. E and Todd, P. A},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {OCLC: 1111577170},\n}\n\n\n
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\n Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative reviews summarizing the results of recent research. This volume covers topics that include resting cysts from coastal marine plankton, facilitation cascades in marine ecosystems, and the way that human activities are rapidly altering the sensory landscape and behaviour of marine animals. Guidelines for contributors, including information on illustration requirements, can be downloaded on the Downloads/Updates tab on the books webpage. For more than 50 years, OMBAR has been an essential reference for research workers and students in all fields of marine science. From Volume 57 a new international Editorial Board ensures global relevance, with editors from the UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and Singapore. The series volumes find a place in the libraries of not only marine laboratories and institutes, but also universities.\n
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\n\n \n \n Hall-Spencer, J. M., & Harvey, B. P.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Ocean acidification impacts on coastal ecosystem services due to habitat degradation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, 3(2): 197–206. May 2019.\n
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@article{osborn_ocean_2019,\n\ttitle = {Ocean acidification impacts on coastal ecosystem services due to habitat degradation},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {2397-8554, 2397-8562},\n\turl = {https://portlandpress.com/emergtoplifesci/article/3/2/197/219721/Ocean-acidification-impacts-on-coastal-ecosystem},\n\tdoi = {10.1042/ETLS20180117},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n The oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is changing seawater chemistry in a process known as ocean acidification. The chemistry of this rapid change in surface waters is well understood and readily detectable in oceanic observations, yet there is uncertainty about the effects of ocean acidification on society since it is difficult to scale-up from laboratory and mesocosm tests. Here, we provide a synthesis of the likely effects of ocean acidification on ecosystem properties, functions and services based on observations along natural gradients in pCO2. Studies at CO2 seeps worldwide show that biogenic habitats are particularly sensitive to ocean acidification and that their degradation results in less coastal protection and less habitat provisioning for fisheries. The risks to marine goods and services amplify with increasing acidification causing shifts to macroalgal dominance, habitat degradation and a loss of biodiversity at seep sites in the tropics, the sub-tropics and on temperate coasts. Based on this empirical evidence, we expect ocean acidification to have serious consequences for the millions of people who are dependent on coastal protection, fisheries and aquaculture. If humanity is able to make cuts in fossil fuel emissions, this will reduce costs to society and avoid the changes in coastal ecosystems seen in areas with projected pCO2 levels. A binding international agreement for the oceans should build on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal to ‘minimise and address the impacts of ocean acidification’.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2021-07-27},\n\tjournal = {Emerging Topics in Life Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Hall-Spencer, Jason M. and Harvey, Ben P.},\n\teditor = {Osborn, Dan},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {197--206},\n}\n\n\n
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\n Abstract The oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is changing seawater chemistry in a process known as ocean acidification. The chemistry of this rapid change in surface waters is well understood and readily detectable in oceanic observations, yet there is uncertainty about the effects of ocean acidification on society since it is difficult to scale-up from laboratory and mesocosm tests. Here, we provide a synthesis of the likely effects of ocean acidification on ecosystem properties, functions and services based on observations along natural gradients in pCO2. Studies at CO2 seeps worldwide show that biogenic habitats are particularly sensitive to ocean acidification and that their degradation results in less coastal protection and less habitat provisioning for fisheries. The risks to marine goods and services amplify with increasing acidification causing shifts to macroalgal dominance, habitat degradation and a loss of biodiversity at seep sites in the tropics, the sub-tropics and on temperate coasts. Based on this empirical evidence, we expect ocean acidification to have serious consequences for the millions of people who are dependent on coastal protection, fisheries and aquaculture. If humanity is able to make cuts in fossil fuel emissions, this will reduce costs to society and avoid the changes in coastal ecosystems seen in areas with projected pCO2 levels. A binding international agreement for the oceans should build on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal to ‘minimise and address the impacts of ocean acidification’.\n
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\n\n \n \n Harvey, B. P., Agostini, S., Kon, K., Wada, S., & Hall-Spencer, J. M.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Diatoms Dominate and Alter Marine Food-Webs When CO$_{\\textrm{2}}$ Rises.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Diversity, 11(12): 242. December 2019.\n
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@article{harvey_diatoms_2019,\n\ttitle = {Diatoms {Dominate} and {Alter} {Marine} {Food}-{Webs} {When} {CO}$_{\\textrm{2}}$ {Rises}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1424-2818},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/11/12/242},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/d11120242},\n\tabstract = {Diatoms are so important in ocean food-webs that any human induced changes in their abundance could have major effects on the ecology of our seas. The large chain-forming diatom Biddulphia biddulphiana greatly increases in abundance as pCO2 increases along natural seawater CO2 gradients in the north Pacific Ocean. In areas with reference levels of pCO2, it was hard to find, but as seawater carbon dioxide levels rose, it replaced seaweeds and became the main habitat-forming species on the seabed. This diatom algal turf supported a marine invertebrate community that was much less diverse and completely differed from the benthic communities found at present-day levels of pCO2. Seawater CO2 enrichment stimulated the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of benthic diatoms, but reduced the abundance of calcified grazers such as gastropods and sea urchins. These observations suggest that ocean acidification will shift photic zone community composition so that coastal food-web structure and ecosystem function are homogenised, simplified, and more strongly affected by seasonal algal blooms.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2021-07-27},\n\tjournal = {Diversity},\n\tauthor = {Harvey, Ben P. and Agostini, Sylvain and Kon, Koetsu and Wada, Shigeki and Hall-Spencer, Jason M.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {242},\n}\n\n\n
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\n Diatoms are so important in ocean food-webs that any human induced changes in their abundance could have major effects on the ecology of our seas. The large chain-forming diatom Biddulphia biddulphiana greatly increases in abundance as pCO2 increases along natural seawater CO2 gradients in the north Pacific Ocean. In areas with reference levels of pCO2, it was hard to find, but as seawater carbon dioxide levels rose, it replaced seaweeds and became the main habitat-forming species on the seabed. This diatom algal turf supported a marine invertebrate community that was much less diverse and completely differed from the benthic communities found at present-day levels of pCO2. Seawater CO2 enrichment stimulated the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of benthic diatoms, but reduced the abundance of calcified grazers such as gastropods and sea urchins. These observations suggest that ocean acidification will shift photic zone community composition so that coastal food-web structure and ecosystem function are homogenised, simplified, and more strongly affected by seasonal algal blooms.\n
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\n\n \n \n Hirano, H., Kon, K., Yoshida, M., Harvey, B. P., & Setiamarga, D. H. E.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n The influence of CO$_{\\textrm{2}}$ seeps to coastal environments of Shikine Island in Japan as indicated by geochemistry analyses of seafloor sediments.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n
International Journal of GEOMATE, 16(58): 82–89. 2019.\n
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@article{hirano_influence_2019,\n\ttitle = {The influence of {CO}$_{\\textrm{2}}$ seeps to coastal environments of {Shikine} {Island} in {Japan} as indicated by geochemistry analyses of seafloor sediments},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {/node/1409},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {58},\n\turldate = {2019-02-27},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of GEOMATE},\n\tauthor = {Hirano, Hirosuke and Kon, Koetsu and Yoshida, Masa-aki and Harvey, Ben P. and Setiamarga, Davin H. E.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {82--89},\n}\n\n
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\n\n \n \n Smale, D. A., Wernberg, T., Oliver, E. C. J., Thomsen, M., Harvey, B. P., Straub, S. C., Burrows, M. T., Alexander, L. V., Benthuysen, J. A., Donat, M. G., Feng, M., Hobday, A. J., Holbrook, N. J., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E., Scannell, H. A., Sen Gupta, A., Payne, B. L., & Moore, P. J.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Nature Climate Change, 9(4): 306–312. April 2019.\n
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@article{smale_marine_2019,\n\ttitle = {Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {1758-678X, 1758-6798},\n\turl = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-019-0412-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41558-019-0412-1},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2021-07-27},\n\tjournal = {Nature Climate Change},\n\tauthor = {Smale, Dan A. and Wernberg, Thomas and Oliver, Eric C. J. and Thomsen, Mads and Harvey, Ben P. and Straub, Sandra C. and Burrows, Michael T. and Alexander, Lisa V. and Benthuysen, Jessica A. and Donat, Markus G. and Feng, Ming and Hobday, Alistair J. and Holbrook, Neil J. and Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. and Scannell, Hillary A. and Sen Gupta, Alex and Payne, Ben L. and Moore, Pippa J.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {306--312},\n}\n\n\n
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\n\n \n \n Straub, S. C., Wernberg, T., Thomsen, M. S., Moore, P. J., Burrows, M. T., Harvey, B. P., & Smale, D. A.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance, Extinction, and Everything in Between – The Diverse Responses of Seaweeds to Marine Heatwaves.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Frontiers in Marine Science, 6: 763. December 2019.\n
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@article{straub_resistance_2019,\n\ttitle = {Resistance, {Extinction}, and {Everything} in {Between} – {The} {Diverse} {Responses} of {Seaweeds} to {Marine} {Heatwaves}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {2296-7745},\n\turl = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00763/full},\n\tdoi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00763},\n\turldate = {2021-07-27},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},\n\tauthor = {Straub, Sandra C. and Wernberg, Thomas and Thomsen, Mads S. and Moore, Pippa J. and Burrows, Michael T. and Harvey, Ben P. and Smale, Dan A.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {763},\n}\n\n\n
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\n\n \n \n Witkowski, C. R., Agostini, S., Harvey, B. P., van der Meer, M. T. J., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., & Schouten, S.\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Validation of carbon isotope fractionation in algal lipids as a pCO$_{\\textrm{2}}$ proxy using a natural CO$_{\\textrm{2}}$ seep (Shikine Island, Japan).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Biogeosciences, 16(22): 4451–4461. November 2019.\n
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@article{witkowski_validation_2019,\n\ttitle = {Validation of carbon isotope fractionation in algal lipids as a \\textit{p}{CO}$_{\\textrm{2}}$ proxy using a natural {CO}$_{\\textrm{2}}$ seep ({Shikine} {Island}, {Japan})},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1726-4189},\n\turl = {https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/4451/2019/},\n\tdoi = {10.5194/bg-16-4451-2019},\n\tabstract = {Abstract. Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere play an\nintegral role in many Earth system dynamics, including its influence on\nglobal temperature. The past can provide insights into these dynamics, but\nunfortunately reconstructing long-term trends of atmospheric carbon dioxide\n(expressed in partial pressure; pCO2) remains a challenge in\npaleoclimatology. One promising approach for reconstructing past pCO2\nutilizes the isotopic fractionation associated with CO2 fixation during\nphotosynthesis into organic matter (εp). Previous studies have focused\nprimarily on testing estimates of εp derived from the δ13C\nof species-specific alkenone compounds in laboratory cultures and mesocosm\nexperiments. Here, we analyze εp derived from the δ13C of\nmore general algal biomarkers, i.e., compounds derived from a multitude of\nspecies from sites near a CO2 seep off the coast of Shikine Island\n(Japan), a natural environment with CO2 concentrations ranging from\nambient (ca. 310 µatm) to elevated (ca. 770 µatm) pCO2. We observed\nstrong, consistent δ13C shifts in several algal biomarkers from\na variety of sample matrices over the steep CO2 gradient. Of the three\ngeneral algal biomarkers explored here, namely loliolide, phytol, and\ncholesterol, εp positively correlates with pCO2, in agreement with\nεp theory and previous culture studies. pCO2 reconstructed from the\nεp of general algal biomarkers show the same trends throughout, as well\nas the correct control values, but with lower absolute reconstructed values\nthan the measured values at the elevated pCO2 sites. Our results show\nthat naturally occurring CO2 seeps may provide useful testing grounds\nfor pCO2 proxies and that general algal biomarkers show promise for\nreconstructing past pCO2.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {22},\n\turldate = {2021-07-27},\n\tjournal = {Biogeosciences},\n\tauthor = {Witkowski, Caitlyn R. and Agostini, Sylvain and Harvey, Ben P. and van der Meer, Marcel T. J. and Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S. and Schouten, Stefan},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {4451--4461},\n}\n\n\n
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\n Abstract. Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere play an integral role in many Earth system dynamics, including its influence on global temperature. The past can provide insights into these dynamics, but unfortunately reconstructing long-term trends of atmospheric carbon dioxide (expressed in partial pressure; pCO2) remains a challenge in paleoclimatology. One promising approach for reconstructing past pCO2 utilizes the isotopic fractionation associated with CO2 fixation during photosynthesis into organic matter (εp). Previous studies have focused primarily on testing estimates of εp derived from the δ13C of species-specific alkenone compounds in laboratory cultures and mesocosm experiments. Here, we analyze εp derived from the δ13C of more general algal biomarkers, i.e., compounds derived from a multitude of species from sites near a CO2 seep off the coast of Shikine Island (Japan), a natural environment with CO2 concentrations ranging from ambient (ca. 310 µatm) to elevated (ca. 770 µatm) pCO2. We observed strong, consistent δ13C shifts in several algal biomarkers from a variety of sample matrices over the steep CO2 gradient. Of the three general algal biomarkers explored here, namely loliolide, phytol, and cholesterol, εp positively correlates with pCO2, in agreement with εp theory and previous culture studies. pCO2 reconstructed from the εp of general algal biomarkers show the same trends throughout, as well as the correct control values, but with lower absolute reconstructed values than the measured values at the elevated pCO2 sites. Our results show that naturally occurring CO2 seeps may provide useful testing grounds for pCO2 proxies and that general algal biomarkers show promise for reconstructing past pCO2.\n
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