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\n  \n 2023\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Let Me Unwind That For You: Exceptions to Backward-Edge Protection.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Duta, V.; Freyer, F.; Pagani, F.; Muench, M.; and Giuffrida, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In NDSS, February 2023. \n Intel Bounty Reward\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"LetPaper\n  \n \n \n \"LetCode\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 100 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{duta_let_2023,\n\ttitle = {Let {Me} {Unwind} {That} {For} {You}: {Exceptions} to {Backward}-{Edge} {Protection}},\n\turl = {Paper=https://download.vusec.net/papers/chop_ndss23.pdf Code=https://github.com/chop-project/chop},\n\tbooktitle = {{NDSS}},\n\tauthor = {Duta, Victor and Freyer, Fabian and Pagani, Fabio and Muench, Marius and Giuffrida, Cristiano},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Intel Bounty Reward},\n\tkeywords = {class\\_binary, proj\\_intersect, proj\\_memo, proj\\_offcore, proj\\_theseus, proj\\_tropics, type\\_award, type\\_bounty, type\\_conf, type\\_paper, type\\_tier1, type\\_top},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2022\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n FirmWire: Transparent Dynamic Analysis for Cellular Baseband Firmware.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grant Hernandez; Marius Muench; Dominik Maier; Alyssa Milburn; Shinjo Park; Tobias Scharnowski; Tyler Tucker; Patrick Traynor; and Kevin R. B. Butler\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In NDSS, February 2022. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"FirmWire:Paper\n  \n \n \n \"FirmWire:Code\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 31 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{grant_hernandez_firmwire_2022,\n\ttitle = {{FirmWire}: {Transparent} {Dynamic} {Analysis} for {Cellular} {Baseband} {Firmware}},\n\turl = {Paper=https://hernan.de/research/papers/firmwire-ndss22-hernandez.pdf Code=https://github.com/FirmWire/FirmWire},\n\tbooktitle = {{NDSS}},\n\tauthor = {{Grant Hernandez} and {Marius Muench} and {Dominik Maier} and {Alyssa Milburn} and {Shinjo Park} and {Tobias Scharnowski} and {Tyler Tucker} and {Patrick Traynor} and {Kevin R. B. Butler}},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {class\\_binary, proj\\_intersect, proj\\_tropics, type\\_conf, type\\_paper, type\\_tier1, type\\_top},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Branch History Injection: On the Effectiveness of Hardware Mitigations Against Cross-Privilege Spectre-v2 Attacks.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Barberis, E.; Frigo, P.; Muench, M.; Bos, H.; and Giuffrida, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In USENIX Security, August 2022. \n Intel Bounty Reward\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BranchPaper\n  \n \n \n \"BranchWeb\n  \n \n \n \"BranchCode\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 573 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{barberis_branch_2022,\n\ttitle = {Branch {History} {Injection}: {On} the {Effectiveness} of {Hardware} {Mitigations} {Against} {Cross}-{Privilege} {Spectre}-v2 {Attacks}},\n\turl = {Paper=http://download.vusec.net/papers/bhi-spectre-bhb_sec22.pdf Web=https://www.vusec.net/projects/bhi-spectre-bhb Code=https://github.com/vusec/bhi-spectre-bhb},\n\tbooktitle = {{USENIX} {Security}},\n\tauthor = {Barberis, Enrico and Frigo, Pietro and Muench, Marius and Bos, Herbert and Giuffrida, Cristiano},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Intel Bounty Reward},\n\tkeywords = {class\\_sidechannels, proj\\_intersect, proj\\_offcore, proj\\_theseus, proj\\_tropics, proj\\_unicore, type\\_award, type\\_conf, type\\_paper, type\\_press, type\\_tier1, type\\_top},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fuzzware: Using Precise MMIO Modeling for Effective Firmware Fuzzing.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tobias Scharnowski; Nils Bars; Moritz Schloegel; Eric Gustafson; Marius Muench; Giovanni Vigna; Christopher Kruegel; Thorsten Holz; and Ali Abbasi\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In USENIX Security, August 2022. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Fuzzware:Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 67 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{tobias_scharnowski_fuzzware_2022,\n\ttitle = {Fuzzware: {Using} {Precise} {MMIO} {Modeling} for {Effective} {Firmware} {Fuzzing}},\n\turl = {https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec22summer_scharnowski.pdf},\n\tabstract = {As embedded devices are becoming more pervasive in our everyday lives, they turn into an attractive target for adversaries. Despite their high value and large attack surface, applying automated testing techniques such as fuzzing is not straightforward for such devices. As fuzz testing firmware on constrained embedded devices is inefficient, state-of-the-art approaches instead opt to run the firmware in an emulator (through a process called re-hosting). However, existing approaches either use coarse-grained static models of hardware behavior or require manual effort to re-host the firmware.\n\nWe propose a novel combination of lightweight program analysis, re-hosting, and fuzz testing to tackle these challenges. We present the design and implementation of Fuzzware, a software-only system to fuzz test unmodified monolithic firmware in a scalable way. By determining how hardware-generated values are actually used by the firmware logic, Fuzzware can automatically generate models that help focusing the fuzzing process on mutating the inputs that matter, which drastically improves its effectiveness.\n\nWe evaluate our approach on synthetic and real-world targets comprising a total of 19 hardware platforms and 77 firmware images. Compared to state-of-the-art work, Fuzzware achieves up to 3.25 times the code coverage and our modeling approach reduces the size of the input space by up to 95.5\\%. The synthetic samples contain 66 unit tests for various hardware interactions, and we find that our approach is the first generic re-hosting solution to automatically pass all of them. Fuzzware discovered 15 completely new bugs including bugs in targets which were previously analyzed by other works; a total of 12 CVEs were assigned.},\n\tbooktitle = {{USENIX} {Security}},\n\tauthor = {{Tobias Scharnowski} and {Nils Bars} and {Moritz Schloegel} and {Eric Gustafson} and {Marius Muench} and {Giovanni Vigna} and {Christopher Kruegel} and {Thorsten Holz} and {Ali Abbasi}},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {class\\_binary, proj\\_intersect, proj\\_tropics, type\\_conf, type\\_paper, type\\_tier1, type\\_top},\n}\n\n
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\n As embedded devices are becoming more pervasive in our everyday lives, they turn into an attractive target for adversaries. Despite their high value and large attack surface, applying automated testing techniques such as fuzzing is not straightforward for such devices. As fuzz testing firmware on constrained embedded devices is inefficient, state-of-the-art approaches instead opt to run the firmware in an emulator (through a process called re-hosting). However, existing approaches either use coarse-grained static models of hardware behavior or require manual effort to re-host the firmware. We propose a novel combination of lightweight program analysis, re-hosting, and fuzz testing to tackle these challenges. We present the design and implementation of Fuzzware, a software-only system to fuzz test unmodified monolithic firmware in a scalable way. By determining how hardware-generated values are actually used by the firmware logic, Fuzzware can automatically generate models that help focusing the fuzzing process on mutating the inputs that matter, which drastically improves its effectiveness. We evaluate our approach on synthetic and real-world targets comprising a total of 19 hardware platforms and 77 firmware images. Compared to state-of-the-art work, Fuzzware achieves up to 3.25 times the code coverage and our modeling approach reduces the size of the input space by up to 95.5%. The synthetic samples contain 66 unit tests for various hardware interactions, and we find that our approach is the first generic re-hosting solution to automatically pass all of them. Fuzzware discovered 15 completely new bugs including bugs in targets which were previously analyzed by other works; a total of 12 CVEs were assigned.\n
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\n  \n 2021\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n SoC Security Evaluation: Reflections on Methodology and Tooling.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Corteggiani, N.; Camurati, G.; Muench, M.; Poeplau, S.; and Francillon, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n IEEE Design & Test, 38(1): 7–13. February 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SoCPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 14 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{corteggiani_soc_2021,\n\ttitle = {{SoC} {Security} {Evaluation}: {Reflections} on {Methodology} and {Tooling}},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tissn = {2168-2356, 2168-2364},\n\tshorttitle = {{SoC} {Security} {Evaluation}},\n\turl = {https://www.eurecom.fr/publication/6307/download/sec-publi-6307.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1109/MDAT.2020.3013827},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2021-08-19},\n\tjournal = {IEEE Design \\& Test},\n\tauthor = {Corteggiani, Nassim and Camurati, Giovanni and Muench, Marius and Poeplau, Sebastian and Francillon, Aurelien},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {class\\_binary, type\\_journal, type\\_paper},\n\tpages = {7--13},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n SoK: Enabling Security Analyses of Embedded Systems via Rehosting.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fasano, A.; Ballo, T.; Muench, M.; Leek, T.; Bulekov, A.; Dolan-Gavitt, B.; Egele, M.; Francillon, A.; Lu, L.; Gregory, N.; Balzarotti, D.; and Robertson, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In ASIACCS, May 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SoK:Paper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 21 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{fasano_sok_2021,\n\ttitle = {{SoK}: {Enabling} {Security} {Analyses} of {Embedded} {Systems} via {Rehosting}},\n\turl = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3433210.3453093},\n\tdoi = {10.1145/3433210.3453093},\n\tabstract = {Closely monitoring the behavior of a software system during its execution enables developers and analysts to observe, and ultimately understand, how it works. This kind of dynamic analysis can be instrumental to reverse engineering, vulnerability discovery, exploit development, and debugging. While these analyses are typically well-supported for homogeneous desktop platforms (e.g., x86 desktop PCs), they can rarely be applied in the heterogeneous world of embedded systems. One approach to enable dynamic analyses of embedded systems is to move software stacks from physical systems into virtual environments that sufficiently model hardware behavior. This process which we call "rehosting" poses a significant research challenge with major implications for security analyses. Although rehosting has traditionally been an unscientific and ad-hoc endeavor undertaken by domain experts with varying time and resources at their disposal, researchers are beginning to address rehosting challenges systematically and in earnest. In this paper, we establish that emulation is insufficient to conduct large-scale dynamic analysis of real-world hardware systems and present rehosting as a firmware-centric alternative. Furthermore, we taxonomize preliminary rehosting efforts, identify the fundamental components of the rehosting process, and propose directions for future research.},\n\tbooktitle = {{ASIACCS}},\n\tauthor = {Fasano, Andrew and Ballo, Tiemoko and Muench, Marius and Leek, Tim and Bulekov, Alexander and Dolan-Gavitt, Brendan and Egele, Manuel and Francillon, Aurélien and Lu, Long and Gregory, Nick and Balzarotti, Davide and Robertson, William},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {class\\_binary, dynamic program analysis, embedded systems, emulation, firmware security, internet of things, proj\\_intersect, proj\\_tropics, rehosting, type\\_conf, type\\_paper, type\\_top, virtualization},\n}\n\n
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\n Closely monitoring the behavior of a software system during its execution enables developers and analysts to observe, and ultimately understand, how it works. This kind of dynamic analysis can be instrumental to reverse engineering, vulnerability discovery, exploit development, and debugging. While these analyses are typically well-supported for homogeneous desktop platforms (e.g., x86 desktop PCs), they can rarely be applied in the heterogeneous world of embedded systems. One approach to enable dynamic analyses of embedded systems is to move software stacks from physical systems into virtual environments that sufficiently model hardware behavior. This process which we call \"rehosting\" poses a significant research challenge with major implications for security analyses. Although rehosting has traditionally been an unscientific and ad-hoc endeavor undertaken by domain experts with varying time and resources at their disposal, researchers are beginning to address rehosting challenges systematically and in earnest. In this paper, we establish that emulation is insufficient to conduct large-scale dynamic analysis of real-world hardware systems and present rehosting as a firmware-centric alternative. Furthermore, we taxonomize preliminary rehosting efforts, identify the fundamental components of the rehosting process, and propose directions for future research.\n
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\n  \n 2019\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Toward the Analysis of Embedded Firmware through Automated Re-hosting.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gustafson, E.; Muench, M.; Spensky, C.; Redini, N.; Machiry, A.; Fratantonio, Y.; Balzarotti, D.; Francillon, A.; Choe, Y. R.; Kruegel, C.; and Vigna, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In RAID, September 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"TowardPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{gustafson_toward_2019,\n\ttitle = {Toward the {Analysis} of {Embedded} {Firmware} through {Automated} {Re}-hosting},\n\turl = {https://www.usenix.org/system/files/raid2019-gustafson.pdf},\n\tbooktitle = {{RAID}},\n\tauthor = {Gustafson, Eric and Muench, Marius and Spensky, Chad and Redini, Nilo and Machiry, Aravind and Fratantonio, Yanick and Balzarotti, Davide and Francillon, Aurelien and Choe, Yung Ryn and Kruegel, Christopher and Vigna, Giovanni},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2018\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n What You Corrupt Is Not What You Crash: Challenges in Fuzzing Embedded Devices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Muench, M.; Stijohann, J.; Kargl, F.; Francillon, A.; and Balzarotti, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In NDSS, February 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WhatPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 4 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{muench_what_2018,\n\ttitle = {What {You} {Corrupt} {Is} {Not} {What} {You} {Crash}: {Challenges} in {Fuzzing} {Embedded} {Devices}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {http://s3.eurecom.fr/docs/ndss18_muench.pdf},\n\tbooktitle = {{NDSS}},\n\tauthor = {Muench, Marius and Stijohann, Jan and Kargl, Frank and Francillon, Aurelien and Balzarotti, Davide},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Screaming Channels: When Electromagnetic Side Channels Meet Radio Transceivers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Camurati, G.; Poeplau, S.; Muench, M.; Hayes, T.; and Francillon, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In CCS, October 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ScreamingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 3 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{camurati_screaming_2018,\n\ttitle = {Screaming {Channels}: {When} {Electromagnetic} {Side} {Channels} {Meet} {Radio} {Transceivers}},\n\turl = {http://s3.eurecom.fr/docs/ccs18_camurati.pdf},\n\tbooktitle = {{CCS}},\n\tauthor = {Camurati, Giovanni and Poeplau, Sebastian and Muench, Marius and Hayes, Tom and Francillon, Aurelien},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Avatar²: A Multi-target Orchestration Platform.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Muench, M.; Nisi, D.; Francillon, A.; and Balzarotti, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Workshop on Binary Analysis Research (BAR), February 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Avatar²:Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{muench_avatar_2018,\n\ttitle = {Avatar²: {A} {Multi}-target {Orchestration} {Platform}},\n\turl = {http://s3.eurecom.fr/docs/bar18_muench.pdf},\n\tbooktitle = {Workshop on {Binary} {Analysis} {Research} ({BAR})},\n\tauthor = {Muench, Marius and Nisi, Dario and Francillon, Aurelien and Balzarotti, Davide},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n
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\n  \n 2016\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Taming Transactions: Towards Hardware-Assisted Control Flow Integrity Using Transactional Memory.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Muench, M.; Pagani, F.; Shoshitaishvili, Y.; Kruegel, C.; Vigna, G.; and Balzarotti, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In RAID, September 2016. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{muench_taming_2016,\n\ttitle = {Taming {Transactions}: {Towards} {Hardware}-{Assisted} {Control} {Flow} {Integrity} {Using} {Transactional} {Memory}},\n\turl = {http://s3.eurecom.fr/docs/raid16_muench.pdf},\n\tbooktitle = {{RAID}},\n\tauthor = {Muench, Marius and Pagani, Fabio and Shoshitaishvili, Yan and Kruegel, Christopher and Vigna, Giovanni and Balzarotti, Davide},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2016},\n}\n\n
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