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\n \n 2022\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Lowland plant arrival in alpine ecosystems facilitates a decrease in soil carbon content under experimental climate warming.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Walker, T. W.; Gavazov, K.; Guillaume, T.; Lambert, T.; Mariotte, P.; Routh, D.; Signarbieux, C.; Block, S.; Münkemüller, T.; Nomoto, H.; Crowther, T. W; Richter, A.; Buttler, A.; and Alexander, J. M\n\n\n \n\n\n\n eLife, 11: e78555. May 2022.\n Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Lowland$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{walker_lowland_2022,\n\ttitle = {Lowland plant arrival in alpine ecosystems facilitates a decrease in soil carbon content under experimental climate warming},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {2050-084X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.78555},\n\tdoi = {10.7554/eLife.78555},\n\tabstract = {Climate warming is releasing carbon from soils around the world, constituting a positive climate feedback. Warming is also causing species to expand their ranges into new ecosystems. Yet, in most ecosystems, whether range expanding species will amplify or buffer expected soil carbon loss is unknown. Here, we used two whole-community transplant experiments and a follow-up glasshouse experiment to determine whether the establishment of herbaceous lowland plants in alpine ecosystems influences soil carbon content under warming. We found that warming (transplantation to low elevation) led to a negligible decrease in alpine soil carbon content, but its effects became significant and 52\\% ± 31\\% (mean ± 95\\% confidence intervals) larger after lowland plants were introduced at low density into the ecosystem. We present evidence that decreases in soil carbon content likely occurred via lowland plants increasing rates of root exudation, soil microbial respiration, and CO2 release under warming. Our findings suggest that warming-induced range expansions of herbaceous plants have the potential to alter climate feedbacks from this system, and that plant range expansions among herbaceous communities may be an overlooked mediator of warming effects on carbon dynamics.},\n\tjournal = {eLife},\n\tauthor = {Walker, Tom WN and Gavazov, Konstantin and Guillaume, Thomas and Lambert, Thibault and Mariotte, Pierre and Routh, Devin and Signarbieux, Constant and Block, Sebastián and Münkemüller, Tamara and Nomoto, Hanna and Crowther, Thomas W and Richter, Andreas and Buttler, Alexandre and Alexander, Jake M},\n\teditor = {Schmid, Bernhard and Schuman, Meredith C and Schmid, Bernhard and Jing, Xin and Zhu, Biao},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd},\n\tkeywords = {carbon cycling, climate change, plant ecophysiology, plant redistributions, plant–soil interactions, soil microbes},\n\tpages = {e78555},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Plant-microbial linkages underpin carbon sequestration in contrasting mountain tundra vegetation types.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gavazov, K.; Canarini, A.; Jassey, V. E. J.; Mills, R.; Richter, A.; Sundqvist, M. K.; Väisänen, M.; Walker, T. W. N.; Wardle, D. A.; and Dorrepaal, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 165: 108530. February 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Plant-microbial$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{gavazov_plant-microbial_2022,\n\ttitle = {Plant-microbial linkages underpin carbon sequestration in contrasting mountain tundra vegetation types},\n\tvolume = {165},\n\tissn = {0038-0717},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071721004041},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108530},\n\tabstract = {Tundra ecosystems hold large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM), likely due to low temperatures limiting rates of microbial SOM decomposition more than those of SOM accumulation from plant primary productivity and microbial necromass inputs. Here we test the hypotheses that distinct tundra vegetation types and their carbon supply to characteristic rhizosphere microbes determine SOM cycling independent of temperature. In the subarctic Scandes, we used a three-way factorial design with paired heath and meadow vegetation at each of two elevations, and with each combination of vegetation type and elevation subjected during one growing season to either ambient light (i.e., ambient plant productivity), or 95\\% shading (i.e., reduced plant productivity). We assessed potential above- and belowground ecosystem linkages by uni- and multivariate analyses of variance, and structural equation modelling. We observed direct coupling between tundra vegetation type and microbial community composition and function, which underpinned the ecosystem's potential for SOM storage. Greater primary productivity at low elevation and ambient light supported higher microbial biomass and nitrogen immobilisation, with lower microbial mass-specific enzymatic activity and SOM humification. Congruently, larger SOM at lower elevation and in heath sustained fungal-dominated microbial communities, which were less substrate-limited, and invested less into enzymatic SOM mineralisation, owing to a greater carbon-use efficiency (CUE). Our results highlight the importance of tundra plant community characteristics (i.e., productivity and vegetation type), via their effects on soil microbial community size, structure and physiology, as essential drivers of SOM turnover. The here documented concerted patterns in above- and belowground ecosystem functioning is strongly supportive of using plant community characteristics as surrogates for assessing tundra carbon storage potential and its evolution under climate and vegetation changes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2022-01-20},\n\tjournal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry},\n\tauthor = {Gavazov, Konstantin and Canarini, Alberto and Jassey, Vincent E. J. and Mills, Robert and Richter, Andreas and Sundqvist, Maja K. and Väisänen, Maria and Walker, Tom W. N. and Wardle, David A. and Dorrepaal, Ellen},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource, Above- and belowground interactions, C:N stoichiometry, Carbon use efficiency, Elevation gradient, Microbial physiology, Primary productivity},\n\tpages = {108530},\n}\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n Tundra ecosystems hold large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM), likely due to low temperatures limiting rates of microbial SOM decomposition more than those of SOM accumulation from plant primary productivity and microbial necromass inputs. Here we test the hypotheses that distinct tundra vegetation types and their carbon supply to characteristic rhizosphere microbes determine SOM cycling independent of temperature. In the subarctic Scandes, we used a three-way factorial design with paired heath and meadow vegetation at each of two elevations, and with each combination of vegetation type and elevation subjected during one growing season to either ambient light (i.e., ambient plant productivity), or 95% shading (i.e., reduced plant productivity). We assessed potential above- and belowground ecosystem linkages by uni- and multivariate analyses of variance, and structural equation modelling. We observed direct coupling between tundra vegetation type and microbial community composition and function, which underpinned the ecosystem's potential for SOM storage. Greater primary productivity at low elevation and ambient light supported higher microbial biomass and nitrogen immobilisation, with lower microbial mass-specific enzymatic activity and SOM humification. Congruently, larger SOM at lower elevation and in heath sustained fungal-dominated microbial communities, which were less substrate-limited, and invested less into enzymatic SOM mineralisation, owing to a greater carbon-use efficiency (CUE). Our results highlight the importance of tundra plant community characteristics (i.e., productivity and vegetation type), via their effects on soil microbial community size, structure and physiology, as essential drivers of SOM turnover. The here documented concerted patterns in above- and belowground ecosystem functioning is strongly supportive of using plant community characteristics as surrogates for assessing tundra carbon storage potential and its evolution under climate and vegetation changes.\n

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\n \n 2020\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Meshes in mesocosms control solute and biota exchange in soils: A step towards disentangling (a)biotic impacts on the fate of thawing permafrost.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Väisänen, M.; Krab, E. J.; Monteux, S.; Teuber, L. M.; Gavazov, K.; Weedon, J. T.; Keuper, F.; and Dorrepaal, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Soil Ecology, 151: 103537. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Meshes$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{vaisanen_meshes_2020,\n\ttitle = {Meshes in mesocosms control solute and biota exchange in soils: {A} step towards disentangling (a)biotic impacts on the fate of thawing permafrost},\n\tvolume = {151},\n\tissn = {0929-1393},\n\tshorttitle = {Meshes in mesocosms control solute and biota exchange in soils},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929139319307206},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103537},\n\tabstract = {Environmental changes feedback to climate through their impact on soil functions such as carbon (C) and nutrient sequestration. Abiotic conditions and the interactions between above- and belowground biota drive soil responses to environmental change but these (a)biotic interactions are challenging to study. Nonetheless, better understanding of these interactions would improve predictions of future soil functioning and the soil-climate feedback and, in this context, permafrost soils are of particular interest due to their vast soil C-stores. We need new tools to isolate abiotic (microclimate, chemistry) and biotic (roots, fauna, microorganisms) components and to identify their respective roles in soil processes. We developed a new experimental setup, in which we mimic thermokarst (permafrost thaw-induced soil subsidence) by fitting thawed permafrost and vegetated active layer sods side by side into mesocosms deployed in a subarctic tundra over two growing seasons. In each mesocosm, the two sods were separated from each other by barriers with different mesh sizes to allow varying degrees of physical connection and, consequently, (a)biotic exchange between active layer and permafrost. We demonstrate that our mesh-approach succeeded in controlling 1) lateral exchange of solutes between the two soil types, 2) colonization of permafrost by microbes but not by soil fauna, and 3) ingrowth of roots into permafrost. In particular, experimental thermokarst induced a {\\textasciitilde}60\\% decline in permafrost nitrogen (N) content, a shift in soil bacteria and a rapid buildup of root biomass (+33.2 g roots m−2 soil). This indicates that cascading plant-soil-microbe linkages are at the heart of biogeochemical cycling in thermokarst events. We propose that this novel setup can be used to explore the effects of (a)biotic ecosystem components on focal biogeochemical processes in permafrost soils and beyond.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-04-23},\n\tjournal = {Applied Soil Ecology},\n\tauthor = {Väisänen, Maria and Krab, Eveline J. and Monteux, Sylvain and Teuber, Laurenz M. and Gavazov, Konstantin and Weedon, James T. and Keuper, Frida and Dorrepaal, Ellen},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource, Bacterial community, Faunal inoculation, Field incubation, Lateral soil connection, Nitrogen, Root},\n\tpages = {103537},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Carbon loss from northern circumpolar permafrost soils amplified by rhizosphere priming.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Keuper, F.; Wild, B.; Kummu, M.; Beer, C.; Blume-Werry, G.; Fontaine, S.; Gavazov, K.; Gentsch, N.; Guggenberger, G.; Hugelius, G.; Jalava, M.; Koven, C.; Krab, E. J.; Kuhry, P.; Monteux, S.; Richter, A.; Shahzad, T.; Weedon, J. T.; and Dorrepaal, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature Geoscience, 13(8): 560–565. August 2020.\n Number: 8 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Carbon$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{keuper_carbon_2020,\n\ttitle = {Carbon loss from northern circumpolar permafrost soils amplified by rhizosphere priming},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tcopyright = {2020 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited},\n\tissn = {1752-0908},\n\turl = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-020-0607-0},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41561-020-0607-0},\n\tabstract = {As global temperatures continue to rise, a key uncertainty of climate projections is the microbial decomposition of vast organic carbon stocks in thawing permafrost soils. Decomposition rates can accelerate up to fourfold in the presence of plant roots, and this mechanism—termed the rhizosphere priming effect—may be especially relevant to thawing permafrost soils as rising temperatures also stimulate plant productivity in the Arctic. However, priming is currently not explicitly included in any model projections of future carbon losses from the permafrost area. Here, we combine high-resolution spatial and depth-resolved datasets of key plant and permafrost properties with empirical relationships of priming effects from living plants on microbial respiration. We show that rhizosphere priming amplifies overall soil respiration in permafrost-affected ecosystems by {\\textasciitilde}12\\%, which translates to a priming-induced absolute loss of {\\textasciitilde}40 Pg soil carbon from the northern permafrost area by 2100. Our findings highlight the need to include fine-scale ecological interactions in order to accurately predict large-scale greenhouse gas emissions, and suggest even tighter restrictions on the estimated 200 Pg anthropogenic carbon emission budget to keep global warming below 1.5 °C.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2020-08-31},\n\tjournal = {Nature Geoscience},\n\tauthor = {Keuper, Frida and Wild, Birgit and Kummu, Matti and Beer, Christian and Blume-Werry, Gesche and Fontaine, Sébastien and Gavazov, Konstantin and Gentsch, Norman and Guggenberger, Georg and Hugelius, Gustaf and Jalava, Mika and Koven, Charles and Krab, Eveline J. and Kuhry, Peter and Monteux, Sylvain and Richter, Andreas and Shahzad, Tanvir and Weedon, James T. and Dorrepaal, Ellen},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Number: 8\nPublisher: Nature Publishing Group},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource},\n\tpages = {560--565},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Carbon and nitrogen cycling in Yedoma permafrost controlled by microbial functional limitations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Monteux, S.; Keuper, F.; Fontaine, S.; Gavazov, K.; Hallin, S.; Juhanson, J.; Krab, E. J.; Revaillot, S.; Verbruggen, E.; Walz, J.; Weedon, J. T.; and Dorrepaal, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature Geoscience, 13(12): 794–798. December 2020.\n Number: 12 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Carbon$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{monteux_carbon_2020,\n\ttitle = {Carbon and nitrogen cycling in {Yedoma} permafrost controlled by microbial functional limitations},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tcopyright = {2020 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited},\n\tissn = {1752-0908},\n\turl = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-020-00662-4},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41561-020-00662-4},\n\tabstract = {Warming-induced microbial decomposition of organic matter in permafrost soils constitutes a climate-change feedback of uncertain magnitude. While physicochemical constraints on soil functioning are relatively well understood, the constraints attributable to microbial community composition remain unclear. Here we show that biogeochemical processes in permafrost can be impaired by missing functions in the microbial community—functional limitations—probably due to environmental filtering of the microbial community over millennia-long freezing. We inoculated Yedoma permafrost with a functionally diverse exogenous microbial community to test this mechanism by introducing potentially missing microbial functions. This initiated nitrification activity and increased CO2 production by 38\\% over 161 days. The changes in soil functioning were strongly associated with an altered microbial community composition, rather than with changes in soil chemistry or microbial biomass. The present permafrost microbial community composition thus constrains carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical processes, but microbial colonization, likely to occur upon permafrost thaw in situ, can alleviate such functional limitations. Accounting for functional limitations and their alleviation could strongly increase our estimate of the vulnerability of permafrost soil organic matter to decomposition and the resulting global climate feedback.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2021-01-18},\n\tjournal = {Nature Geoscience},\n\tauthor = {Monteux, Sylvain and Keuper, Frida and Fontaine, Sébastien and Gavazov, Konstantin and Hallin, Sara and Juhanson, Jaanis and Krab, Eveline J. and Revaillot, Sandrine and Verbruggen, Erik and Walz, Josefine and Weedon, James T. and Dorrepaal, Ellen},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Number: 12\nPublisher: Nature Publishing Group},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource},\n\tpages = {794--798},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2019\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Legacy Effects of Winter Climate on Microbial Functioning After Snowmelt in a Subarctic Tundra.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Väisänen, M.; Gavazov, K.; Krab, E. J.; and Dorrepaal, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Microbial Ecology, 77(1): 186–190. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{vaisanen_legacy_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Legacy} {Effects} of {Winter} {Climate} on {Microbial} {Functioning} {After} {Snowmelt} in a {Subarctic} {Tundra}},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tissn = {1432-184X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1213-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00248-018-1213-1},\n\tabstract = {Warming-induced increases in microbial CO2 release in northern tundra may positively feedback to climate change. However, shifts in microbial extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) may alter the impacts of warming over the longer term. We investigated the in situ effects of 3 years of winter warming in combination with the in vitro effects of a rapid warming (6 days) on microbial CO2 release and EEAs in a subarctic tundra heath after snowmelt in spring. Winter warming did not change microbial CO2 release at ambient (10 °C) or at rapidly increased temperatures, i.e., a warm spell (18 °C) but induced changes (P {\\textless} 0.1) in the Q10 of microbial respiration and an oxidative EEA. Thus, although warmer winters may induce legacy effects in microbial temperature acclimation, we found no evidence for changes in potential carbon mineralization after spring thaw.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Microbial Ecology},\n\tauthor = {Väisänen, Maria and Gavazov, Konstantin and Krab, Eveline J. and Dorrepaal, Ellen},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource},\n\tpages = {186--190},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2018\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vascular plant-mediated controls on atmospheric carbon assimilation and peat carbon decomposition under climate change.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gavazov, K.; Albrecht, R.; Buttler, A.; Dorrepaal, E.; Garnett, M. H.; Gogo, S.; Hagedorn, F.; Mills, R. T. E.; Robroek, B. J. M.; and Bragazza, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Change Biology, 24(9): 3911–3921. September 2018.\n Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Vascular$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{gavazov_vascular_2018,\n\ttitle = {Vascular plant-mediated controls on atmospheric carbon assimilation and peat carbon decomposition under climate change},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tissn = {1354-1013},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14140},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/gcb.14140},\n\tabstract = {Abstract Climate change can alter peatland plant community composition by promoting the growth of vascular plants. How such vegetation change affects peatland carbon dynamics remains, however, unclear. In order to assess the effect of vegetation change on carbon uptake and release, we performed a vascular plant-removal experiment in two Sphagnum-dominated peatlands that represent contrasting stages of natural vegetation succession along a climatic gradient. Periodic measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange revealed that vascular plants play a crucial role in assuring the potential for net carbon uptake, particularly with a warmer climate. The presence of vascular plants, however, also increased ecosystem respiration, and by using the seasonal variation of respired CO2 radiocarbon (bomb-14C) signature we demonstrate an enhanced heterotrophic decomposition of peat carbon due to rhizosphere priming. The observed rhizosphere priming of peat carbon decomposition was matched by more advanced humification of dissolved organic matter, which remained apparent beyond the plant growing season. Our results underline the relevance of rhizosphere priming in peatlands, especially when assessing the future carbon sink function of peatlands undergoing a shift in vegetation community composition in association with climate change.},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\turldate = {2023-07-21},\n\tjournal = {Global Change Biology},\n\tauthor = {Gavazov, Konstantin and Albrecht, Remy and Buttler, Alexandre and Dorrepaal, Ellen and Garnett, Mark H. and Gogo, Sebastien and Hagedorn, Frank and Mills, Robert T. E. and Robroek, Bjorn J. M. and Bragazza, Luca},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Publisher: John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource, climate warming, decomposition, ecosystem respiration, elevation gradient, net ecosystem CO2 exchange, peatlands, rhizosphere priming, vascular plant biomass},\n\tpages = {3911--3921},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Long-term in situ permafrost thaw effects on bacterial communities and potential aerobic respiration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Monteux, S.; Weedon, J. T.; Blume-Werry, G.; Gavazov, K.; Jassey, V. E. J.; Johansson, M.; Keuper, F.; Olid, C.; and Dorrepaal, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The ISME Journal, 12(9): 2129–2141. September 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Long-term$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{monteux_long-term_2018,\n\ttitle = {Long-term in situ permafrost thaw effects on bacterial communities and potential aerobic respiration},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1751-7370},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0176-z},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41396-018-0176-z},\n\tabstract = {The decomposition of large stocks of soil organic carbon in thawing permafrost might depend on more than climate change-induced temperature increases: indirect effects of thawing via altered bacterial community structure (BCS) or rooting patterns are largely unexplored. We used a 10-year in situ permafrost thaw experiment and aerobic incubations to investigate alterations in BCS and potential respiration at different depths, and the extent to which they are related with each other and with root density. Active layer and permafrost BCS strongly differed, and the BCS in formerly frozen soils (below the natural thawfront) converged under induced deep thaw to strongly resemble the active layer BCS, possibly as a result of colonization by overlying microorganisms. Overall, respiration rates decreased with depth and soils showed lower potential respiration when subjected to deeper thaw, which we attributed to gradual labile carbon pool depletion. Despite deeper rooting under induced deep thaw, root density measurements did not improve soil chemistry-based models of potential respiration. However, BCS explained an additional unique portion of variation in respiration, particularly when accounting for differences in organic matter content. Our results suggest that by measuring bacterial community composition, we can improve both our understanding and the modeling of the permafrost carbon feedback.},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\tjournal = {The ISME Journal},\n\tauthor = {Monteux, Sylvain and Weedon, James T. and Blume-Werry, Gesche and Gavazov, Konstantin and Jassey, Vincent E. J. and Johansson, Margareta and Keuper, Frida and Olid, Carolina and Dorrepaal, Ellen},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource},\n\tpages = {2129--2141},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2017\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Climate change effects on the stability and chemistry of soil organic carbon pools in a subalpine grassland.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Puissant, J.; Mills, R. T. E.; Robroek, B. J. M.; Gavazov, K.; Perrette, Y.; De Danieli, S.; Spiegelberger, T.; Buttler, A.; Brun, J.; and Cécillon, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biogeochemistry, 132(1): 123–139. January 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Climate$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{puissant_climate_2017,\n\ttitle = {Climate change effects on the stability and chemistry of soil organic carbon pools in a subalpine grassland},\n\tvolume = {132},\n\tissn = {1573-515X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0291-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10533-016-0291-8},\n\tabstract = {Mountain soils stock large quantities of carbon as particulate organic matter that may be highly vulnerable to climate change. To explore potential shifts in soil organic matter (SOM) form and stability under climate change (warming and reduced precipitations), we studied the dynamics of SOM pools of a mountain grassland in the Swiss Jura as part of a climate manipulation experiment. The climate manipulation (elevational soil transplantation) was set up in October 2009 and simulated two realistic climate change scenarios. After 4 years of manipulation, we performed SOM physical fractionation to extract SOM fractions corresponding to specific turnover rates, in winter and in summer. Soil organic matter fraction chemistry was studied with ultraviolet, 3D fluorescence, and mid-infrared spectroscopies. The most labile SOM fractions showed high intra-annual dynamics (amounts and chemistry) mediated via the seasonal changes of fresh plant debris inputs and confirming their high contribution to the microbial loop. Our climate change manipulation modified the chemical differences between free and intra-aggregate organic matter, suggesting a modification of soil macro-aggregates dynamics. Interestingly, the 4-year climate manipulation affected directly the SOM dynamics, with a decrease in organic C bulk soil content, resulting from significant C-losses in the mineral-associated SOM fraction (MAOM), the most stable form of SOM. This SOC decrease was associated with a decrease in clay content, above- and belowground plants biomass, soil microbial biomass and activity. The combination of these climate changes effects on the plant–soil system could have led to increase C-losses from the MAOM fraction through clay-SOM washing out and DOC leaching in this subalpine grassland.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-03-27},\n\tjournal = {Biogeochemistry},\n\tauthor = {Puissant, Jérémy and Mills, Robert T. E. and Robroek, Bjorn J. M. and Gavazov, Konstantin and Perrette, Yves and De Danieli, Sébastien and Spiegelberger, Thomas and Buttler, Alexandre and Brun, Jean-Jacques and Cécillon, Lauric},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource, 3D fluorescence spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Mineral associated organic matter, Particulate organic matter, Water extractable organic carbon},\n\tpages = {123--139},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Winter ecology of a subalpine grassland: Effects of snow removal on soil respiration, microbial structure and function.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gavazov, K.; Ingrisch, J.; Hasibeder, R.; Mills, R. T. E.; Buttler, A.; Gleixner, G.; Pumpanen, J.; and Bahn, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science of The Total Environment, 590-591: 316–324. July 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Winter$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{gavazov_winter_2017,\n\ttitle = {Winter ecology of a subalpine grassland: {Effects} of snow removal on soil respiration, microbial structure and function},\n\tvolume = {590-591},\n\tissn = {0048-9697},\n\tshorttitle = {Winter ecology of a subalpine grassland},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717305156},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.010},\n\tabstract = {Seasonal snow cover provides essential insulation for mountain ecosystems, but expected changes in precipitation patterns and snow cover duration due to global warming can influence the activity of soil microbial communities. In turn, these changes have the potential to create new dynamics of soil organic matter cycling. To assess the effects of experimental snow removal and advanced spring conditions on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics, and on the biomass and structure of soil microbial communities, we performed an in situ study in a subalpine grassland in the Austrian Alps, in conjunction with soil incubations under controlled conditions. We found substantial winter C-mineralisation and high accumulation of inorganic and organic N in the topsoil, peaking at snowmelt. Soil microbial biomass doubled under the snow, paralleled by a fivefold increase in its C:N ratio, but no apparent change in its bacteria-dominated community structure. Snow removal led to a series of mild freeze-thaw cycles, which had minor effects on in situ soil CO2 production and N mineralisation. Incubated soil under advanced spring conditions, however, revealed an impaired microbial metabolism shortly after snow removal, characterised by a limited capacity for C-mineralisation of both fresh plant-derived substrates and existing soil organic matter (SOM), leading to reduced priming effects. This effect was transient and the observed recovery in microbial respiration and SOM priming towards the end of the winter season indicated microbial resilience to short-lived freeze-thaw disturbance under field conditions. Bacteria showed a higher potential for uptake of plant-derived C substrates during this recovery phase. The observed temporary loss in microbial C-mineralisation capacity and the promotion of bacteria over fungi can likely impede winter SOM cycling in mountain grasslands under recurrent winter climate change events, with plausible implications for soil nutrient availability and plant-soil interactions.},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Science of The Total Environment},\n\tauthor = {Gavazov, Konstantin and Ingrisch, Johannes and Hasibeder, Roland and Mills, Robert T. E. and Buttler, Alexandre and Gleixner, Gerd and Pumpanen, Jukka and Bahn, Michael},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource, Climate change, Fungal:Bacterial ratio, Microbial C:N, PLFA, Priming effect, Substrate induced respiration, climate change, plfa},\n\tpages = {316--324},\n}\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n Seasonal snow cover provides essential insulation for mountain ecosystems, but expected changes in precipitation patterns and snow cover duration due to global warming can influence the activity of soil microbial communities. In turn, these changes have the potential to create new dynamics of soil organic matter cycling. To assess the effects of experimental snow removal and advanced spring conditions on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics, and on the biomass and structure of soil microbial communities, we performed an in situ study in a subalpine grassland in the Austrian Alps, in conjunction with soil incubations under controlled conditions. We found substantial winter C-mineralisation and high accumulation of inorganic and organic N in the topsoil, peaking at snowmelt. Soil microbial biomass doubled under the snow, paralleled by a fivefold increase in its C:N ratio, but no apparent change in its bacteria-dominated community structure. Snow removal led to a series of mild freeze-thaw cycles, which had minor effects on in situ soil CO2 production and N mineralisation. Incubated soil under advanced spring conditions, however, revealed an impaired microbial metabolism shortly after snow removal, characterised by a limited capacity for C-mineralisation of both fresh plant-derived substrates and existing soil organic matter (SOM), leading to reduced priming effects. This effect was transient and the observed recovery in microbial respiration and SOM priming towards the end of the winter season indicated microbial resilience to short-lived freeze-thaw disturbance under field conditions. Bacteria showed a higher potential for uptake of plant-derived C substrates during this recovery phase. The observed temporary loss in microbial C-mineralisation capacity and the promotion of bacteria over fungi can likely impede winter SOM cycling in mountain grasslands under recurrent winter climate change events, with plausible implications for soil nutrient availability and plant-soil interactions.\n

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\n \n 2010\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reduced early growing season freezing resistance in alpine treeline plants under elevated atmospheric CO2.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Martin, M.; Gavazov, K.; Körner, C.; Hättenschwiler, S.; and Rixen, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Change Biology, 16(3): 1057–1070. March 2010.\n 00058\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Reduced$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{martin_reduced_2010,\n\ttitle = {Reduced early growing season freezing resistance in alpine treeline plants under elevated atmospheric {CO2}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1365-2486},\n\turl = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01987.x/abstract},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01987.x},\n\tabstract = {The frequency of freezing events during the early growing season and the vulnerability to freezing of plants in European high-altitude environments could increase under future atmospheric and climate change. We tested early growing season freezing sensitivity in 10 species, from four plant functional types (PFTs) spanning three plant growth forms (PGFs), from a long-term in situ CO2 enrichment (566 vs. 370 ppm) and 2-year soil warming (+4 K) experiment at treeline in the Swiss Alps (Stillberg, Davos). By additionally tracking plant phenology, we distinguished indirect phenology-driven CO2 and warming effects from direct physiology-related effects on freezing sensitivity. The freezing damage threshold (lethal temperature 50) under ambient conditions of the 10 treeline species spanned from −6.7±0.3 °C (Larix decidua) to −9.9±0.6 °C (Vaccinium gaultherioides). PFT, but not PGF, explained a significant amount of this interspecific variation. Long-term exposure to elevated CO2 led to greater freezing sensitivity in multiple species but did not influence phenology, implying that physiological changes caused by CO2 enrichment were responsible for the effect. The elevated CO2 effect on freezing resistance was significant in leaves of Larix, Vaccinium myrtillus, and Gentiana punctata and marginally significant in leaves of Homogyne alpina and Avenella flexuosa. No significant CO2 effect was found in new shoots of Empetrum hermaphroditum or in leaves of Pinus uncinata, Leontodon helveticus, Melampyrum pratense, and V. gaultherioides. Soil warming led to advanced leaf expansion and reduced freezing resistance in V. myrtillus only, whereas Avenella showed greater freezing resistance when exposed to warming. No effect of soil warming was found in any of the other species. Effects of elevated CO2 and soil warming on freezing sensitivity were not consistent within PFTs or PGFs, suggesting that any future shifts in plant community composition due to increased damage from freezing events will likely occur at the individual species level.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2017-02-08},\n\tjournal = {Global Change Biology},\n\tauthor = {Martin, Melissa and Gavazov, Konstantin and Körner, Christian and Hättenschwiler, Stephan and Rixen, Christian},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {00058},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource, FACE, LT50, climate change, elevated CO2, freezing resistance, temperature, treeline},\n\tpages = {1057--1070},\n}\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n The frequency of freezing events during the early growing season and the vulnerability to freezing of plants in European high-altitude environments could increase under future atmospheric and climate change. We tested early growing season freezing sensitivity in 10 species, from four plant functional types (PFTs) spanning three plant growth forms (PGFs), from a long-term in situ CO2 enrichment (566 vs. 370 ppm) and 2-year soil warming (+4 K) experiment at treeline in the Swiss Alps (Stillberg, Davos). By additionally tracking plant phenology, we distinguished indirect phenology-driven CO2 and warming effects from direct physiology-related effects on freezing sensitivity. The freezing damage threshold (lethal temperature 50) under ambient conditions of the 10 treeline species spanned from −6.7±0.3 °C (Larix decidua) to −9.9±0.6 °C (Vaccinium gaultherioides). PFT, but not PGF, explained a significant amount of this interspecific variation. Long-term exposure to elevated CO2 led to greater freezing sensitivity in multiple species but did not influence phenology, implying that physiological changes caused by CO2 enrichment were responsible for the effect. The elevated CO2 effect on freezing resistance was significant in leaves of Larix, Vaccinium myrtillus, and Gentiana punctata and marginally significant in leaves of Homogyne alpina and Avenella flexuosa. No significant CO2 effect was found in new shoots of Empetrum hermaphroditum or in leaves of Pinus uncinata, Leontodon helveticus, Melampyrum pratense, and V. gaultherioides. Soil warming led to advanced leaf expansion and reduced freezing resistance in V. myrtillus only, whereas Avenella showed greater freezing resistance when exposed to warming. No effect of soil warming was found in any of the other species. Effects of elevated CO2 and soil warming on freezing sensitivity were not consistent within PFTs or PGFs, suggesting that any future shifts in plant community composition due to increased damage from freezing events will likely occur at the individual species level.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Isotopic analysis of cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation associated with subarctic lichen and bryophyte species.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gavazov, K. S.; Soudzilovskaia, N. A.; Logtestijn, R. S. P. v.; Braster, M.; and Cornelissen, J. H. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Plant and Soil, 333(1-2): 507–517. August 2010.\n 00031\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Isotopic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{gavazov_isotopic_2010,\n\ttitle = {Isotopic analysis of cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation associated with subarctic lichen and bryophyte species},\n\tvolume = {333},\n\tissn = {0032-079X, 1573-5036},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-010-0374-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11104-010-0374-6},\n\tabstract = {Dinitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria is of particular importance for the nutrient economy of cold biomes, constituting the main pathway for new N supplies to tundra ecosystems. It is prevalent in cyanobacterial colonies on bryophytes and in obligate associations within cyanolichens. Recent studies, applying interspecific variation in plant functional traits to upscale species effects on ecosystems, have all but neglected cryptogams and their association with cyanobacteria. Here we looked for species-specific patterns that determine cryptogam-mediated rates of N2 fixation in the Subarctic. We hypothesised a contrast in N2 fixation rates (1) between the structurally and physiologically different lichens and bryophytes, and (2) within bryophytes based on their respective plant functional types. Throughout the survey we supplied 15N-labelled N2 gas to quantify fixation rates for monospecific moss, liverwort and lichen turfs. We sampled fifteen species in a design that captures spatial and temporal variations during the growing season in Abisko region, Sweden. We measured N2 fixation potential of each turf in a common environment and in its field sampling site, in order to embrace both comparativeness and realism. Cyanolichens and bryophytes differed significantly in their cyanobacterial N2 fixation capacity, which was not driven by microhabitat characteristics, but rather by morphology and physiology. Cyanolichens were much more prominent fixers than bryophytes per unit dry weight, but not per unit area due to their low specific thallus weight. Mosses did not exhibit consistent differences in N2 fixation rates across species and functional types. Liverworts did not fix detectable amounts of N2. Despite the very high rates of N2 fixation associated with cyanolichens, large cover of mosses per unit area at the landscape scale compensates for their lower fixation rates, thereby probably making them the primary regional atmospheric nitrogen sink.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2017-02-08},\n\tjournal = {Plant and Soil},\n\tauthor = {Gavazov, Konstantin S. and Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. and Logtestijn, Richard S. P. van and Braster, Martin and Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {00031},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource, 15N, Interspecific variation, liverwort, moss, tundra},\n\tpages = {507--517},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamics of alpine plant litter decomposition in a changing climate.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gavazov, K. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Plant and Soil, 337(1-2): 19–32. December 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Dynamics$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{gavazov_dynamics_2010,\n\ttitle = {Dynamics of alpine plant litter decomposition in a changing climate},\n\tvolume = {337},\n\tissn = {0032-079X, 1573-5036},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-010-0477-0},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11104-010-0477-0},\n\tabstract = {Climatic changes resulting from anthropogenic activities over the passed century are repeatedly reported to alter the functioning of pristine ecosystems worldwide, and especially those in cold biomes. Available literature on the process of plant leaf litter decomposition in the temperate Alpine zone is reviewed here, with emphasis on both direct and indirect effects of climate change phenomena on rates of litter decay. Weighing the impact of biotic and abiotic processes governing litter mass loss, it appears that an immediate intensification of decomposition rates due to temperature rise can be retarded by decreased soil moisture, insufficient snow cover insulation, and shrub expansion in the Alpine zone. This tentative conclusion, remains speculative unless empirically tested, but it has profound implications for understanding the biogeochemical cycling in the Alpine vegetation belt, and its potential role as a buffering mechanism to climate change.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2017-02-13},\n\tjournal = {Plant and Soil},\n\tauthor = {Gavazov, Konstantin S.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource, Alpine, Biogeochemistry, Climate change, Plant growth form, Plant litter, Snow, Soil fauna},\n\tpages = {19--32},\n}\n\n

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\n \n undefined\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Controlling biases in targeted plant removal experiments.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Monteux, S.; Blume-Werry, G.; Gavazov, K.; Kirchhoff, L.; Krab, E. J.; Lett, S.; Pedersen, E. P.; and Väisänen, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n New Phytologist, n/a(n/a): 19386. .\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.19386\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Controlling$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{monteux_controlling_nodate,\n\ttitle = {Controlling biases in targeted plant removal experiments},\n\tvolume = {n/a},\n\tcopyright = {© 2023 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2023 New Phytologist Foundation},\n\tissn = {1469-8137},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nph.19386},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/nph.19386},\n\tabstract = {Targeted removal experiments are a powerful tool to assess the effects of plant species or (functional) groups on ecosystem functions. However, removing plant biomass in itself can bias the observed responses. This bias is commonly addressed by waiting until ecosystem recovery, but this is inherently based on unverified proxies or anecdotal evidence. Statistical control methods are efficient, but restricted in scope by underlying assumptions. We propose accounting for such biases within the experimental design, using a gradient of biomass removal controls. We demonstrate the relevance of this design by presenting (1) conceptual examples of suspected biases and (2) how to observe and control for these biases. Using data from a mycorrhizal association-based removal experiment, we show that ignoring biomass removal biases (including by assuming ecosystem recovery) can lead to incorrect, or even contrary conclusions (e.g. false positive and false negative). Our gradient design can prevent such incorrect interpretations, regardless of whether aboveground biomass has fully recovered. Our approach provides more objective and quantitative insights, independently assessed for each variable, than using a proxy to assume ecosystem recovery. Our approach circumvents the strict statistical assumptions of, for example, ANCOVA and thus offers greater flexibility in data analysis.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {n/a},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {New Phytologist},\n\tauthor = {Monteux, Sylvain and Blume-Werry, Gesche and Gavazov, Konstantin and Kirchhoff, Leah and Krab, Eveline J. and Lett, Signe and Pedersen, Emily P. and Väisänen, Maria},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.19386},\n\tkeywords = {Monte Carlo simulations, biomass removal gradient, disturbance bias, ectomycorrhizal plant, ericoid mycorrhizal plant, plant removal experiment, shrubification},\n\tpages = {19386},\n}\n\n

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