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\n \n 2025\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Shadow-boxing: Major gaps to knock out in bird–window interaction research.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Netzley, R.; Partridge, H. C; and Gagné, S. A\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ornithological Applications, 127(1): duae054. February 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Shadow-boxing:$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{netzley_shadow-boxing_2025,\n\ttitle = {Shadow-boxing: {Major} gaps to knock out in bird–window interaction research},\n\tvolume = {127},\n\tissn = {0010-5422},\n\tshorttitle = {Shadow-boxing},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae054},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ornithapp/duae054},\n\tabstract = {Bird–window collisions are a leading source of bird mortality worldwide, estimated to kill as many as 1 billion birds annually in the U.S. alone. Though researchers have examined the factors contributing to general bird–window collisions, shadow-boxing, a nonfatal but potentially ecologically significant bird–window interaction, has primarily been excluded from the conversation. Shadow-boxing occurs when birds attack their reflection in human-made surfaces believing the reflection to be another individual intruding on their territory. Current bird–window interaction research often does not consider the unique drivers, impacts, and mitigation strategies associated with shadow-boxing. In this paper, we identify 5 major knowledge gaps: (1) building and environmental characteristics that lead to shadow-boxing; (2) the impacts on individual birds, (3) populations, and (4) people; and (5) the effectiveness of existing mitigation strategies for shadow-boxing. For each knowledge gap, we list research questions that will further our understanding of the scale and significance of shadow-boxing.• Shadow-boxing occurs when birds attack their reflection, believing it to be another bird intruding on their territory.• Shadow-boxing may be increasing with the increase in the number of windows and could have significant impacts on bird populations and people.• Despite this, shadow-boxing has received far less attention than bird-window collisions.• We identify 5 major knowledge gaps that, if addressed, would significantly advance our understanding of shadow-boxing and help to mitigate its negative impacts: 1) the building and environmental characteristics contributing to shadow-boxing; 2) the impacts of shadow-boxing on individual birds; 3) the impacts of shadow-boxing on bird populations; 4) the impacts of shadow-boxing on people; and 5) mitigation strategies.• For each knowledge gap, we list 3 to 4 research questions intended to motivate future studies.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-03-07},\n\tjournal = {Ornithological Applications},\n\tauthor = {Netzley, Rebekah and Partridge, Hannah C and Gagné, Sara A},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpages = {duae054},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Whole genome sequencing, assembly and annotation of the Southern Ground Hornbill – Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Patel, J.; Botes, A.; Mollett, J.; and De Maayer, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scientific Data, 12(1): 58. January 2025.\n Publisher: Nature Publishing Group\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Whole$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{patel_whole_2025,\n\ttitle = {Whole genome sequencing, assembly and annotation of the {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} – {Bucorvus} leadbeateri},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {2025 The Author(s)},\n\tissn = {2052-4463},\n\turl = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-04412-2},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41597-025-04412-2},\n\tabstract = {The Southern Ground Hornbill (SGH – Bucorvus leadbeateri) is one of the largest hornbill species worldwide, known for its complex social structures and breeding behaviours. This bird has been of great interest due to its declining population and disappearance from historic ranges in southern Africa. Despite being the focus of numerous conservation efforts, with research forming an integral part of these initiatives, there is still a substantial lack of knowledge regarding the molecular biology aspects of this bird species. In this study, whole genome sequencing of the SGH was achieved using Illumina short-read (NovaSeq 6000) and Pacific Biosciences long-read technologies. A hybrid de novo genome assembly followed by reference-based refinement produced a 1.16 Gb high-quality draft genome assembly of the SGH comprised of 1,672 contigs (N50 value of 40.45 Mb). The availability of this genome will aid in improving our current understanding of this bird at a genomic level and provide a pivotal foundation for comparative genomic analysis with other hornbill species.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-02-10},\n\tjournal = {Scientific Data},\n\tauthor = {Patel, Jasmin and Botes, Angela and Mollett, Jean and De Maayer, Pieter},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},\n\tkeywords = {Animal behaviour, Biodiversity},\n\tpages = {58},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Seasonality, Social Structure and Age Predict Conspecific Aggression in Captive Breeding Southern Ground-Hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koeppel, K. N.; Lubbe, N.; Donaldson, A.; and Kemp, L. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zoo Biology. February 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{koeppel_seasonality_2025,\n\ttitle = {Seasonality, {Social} {Structure} and {Age} {Predict} {Conspecific} {Aggression} in {Captive} {Breeding} {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbills} ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri)},\n\tissn = {1098-2361},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/zoo.21882},\n\tabstract = {Southern Ground-hornbills (SGHs) are listed as Vulnerable globally, and Endangered in South Africa, Namibia and Swaziland, due to poisoning, habitat loss and persecution. Successful conservation breeding and rearing of redundant second-hatched chick protocol has been established to supplement natural SGH populations in an attempt mitigate a declining population. However, captive rearing is costly and susceptible to loss of birds through conspecific aggression. Maximising the efficacy of reproductive output in captive settings and ensuring successful reintroductions of captive-reared birds to wild populations is of paramount importance if this species is to persist. Therefore, it is important to untangle the predictors of what drives mortalities in captive birds, particularly, through conspecific aggression. Using a database of captive SGH mortalities collected over 46 years we investigated whether variables such as season, age, relatedness, sex and husbandry predicted the occurrence of conspecific aggression in SGH. Aggression among adult, non-related birds particularly during SGH breeding season (austral spring) was the most predictable form of conspecific aggression. It was inferred that aggression is normally directed at non-related birds outside of already established social groups or at younger, related birds that are not dispersing from groups when reaching sexual maturity. Variables such as season, age, relatedness and husbandry were therefore all useful for predicting the potential and avoidable occurrence of an aggression event. Male birds were most often the aggressors. Making use of such variables to manage birds in a captive setting, move birds before sexual maturity and maintaining birds in known and accepted social structures could greatly improve management in SGH breeding facilities and optimise the efforts for re-establishing natural SGH populations.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Zoo Biology},\n\tauthor = {Koeppel, Katja N. and Lubbe, Nevanya and Donaldson, Ashleigh and Kemp, Lucy Valeska},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpmid = {39915910},\n\tkeywords = {dispersal, management, mortalities, reintroductions, reproductive outputs},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2024\n \n \n (15)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Non-evaporative heat dissipation across the beaks and casques of large forest hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coulson, B.; Freeman, M. T.; Wessels, J.; and McKechnie, A. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Thermal Biology, 125: 103993. October 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Non-evaporative$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{coulson_non-evaporative_2024,\n\ttitle = {Non-evaporative heat dissipation across the beaks and casques of large forest hornbills},\n\tvolume = {125},\n\tissn = {0306-4565},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456524002110},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103993},\n\tabstract = {Heat loss across the beak is an important thermoregulatory mechanism among birds, particularly in large-beaked taxa such as toucans (Ramphastidae) and hornbills (Bucerotidae). The number of species investigated remains limited, as does our understanding of how the functional significance of this pathway varies with environmental variables such as humidity, with little previous research on species inhabiting humid environments. We used infrared thermography to test the hypothesis that large (600–1300 g) Afrotropical forest hornbills use their beaks and casques as thermal radiators. We collected data over air temperatures (Tair) of 15–34 °C for wild-caught trumpeter hornbills (Bycanistes bucinator) and captive-bred silvery-cheeked hornbills (Bycanistes brevis) and black-casqued hornbills (Ceratogymna atrata). Surface temperatures of the beaks and casques (Tbeak) tracked Tair below 24–25 °C, but at higher Tair, the Tbeak – Tair gradient increased to maximum values of 10–12 °C. Maximum rates of beak heat loss were 2.5–3.8 W, equivalent to 31–83 \\% of estimated resting metabolic heat production. Facial skin showed also evidence for active regulation of heat loss. We also analysed the scaling of the inflection Tair above which the Tbeak – Tair gradient increases (Tinflection) by combining our data with published and three unpublished values. We found that Tinflection decreases with increasing body mass (Mb), with the relationship best described by the linear regression model Tinflection = −9.134log10Mb + 50.83, with Mb in g.},\n\turldate = {2025-03-07},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Thermal Biology},\n\tauthor = {Coulson, Bianca and Freeman, Marc T. and Wessels, Juanita and McKechnie, Andrew E.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Beaks, Bucerotidae, Casques, Heat exchange, Surface temperature, Thermal imaging},\n\tpages = {103993},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n (PDF) Avifaunal Collapse in West African Forest Fragments.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n ResearchGate. October 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"(PDF)$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{noauthor_pdf_2024,\n\ttitle = {({PDF}) {Avifaunal} {Collapse} in {West} {African} {Forest} {Fragments}},\n\tissn = {1523-1739},\n\turl = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227511392_Avifaunal_Collapse_in_West_African_Forest_Fragments},\n\tabstract = {PDF {\\textbar} Despite the fact that West African tropical forests are the most fragmented in Africa, there has been no published research on biodiversity in... {\\textbar} Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-15},\n\tjournal = {ResearchGate},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2024},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n LibGuides: Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) Fact Sheet: Bibliography & Resources.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jirik, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"LibGuides:$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{jirik_libguides_2024,\n\ttitle = {{LibGuides}: {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} (\\textit{{Bucorvus} leadbeateri}) {Fact} {Sheet}: {Bibliography} \\& {Resources}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright International Environment Library Consortium 2025},\n\tshorttitle = {{LibGuides}},\n\turl = {https://ielc.libguides.com/sdzg/factsheets/southern_groundhornbill/bibliography},\n\tabstract = {References, additional internet resources},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-07},\n\tauthor = {Jirik, Kate},\n\tyear = {2024},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Characterizing bacterial communities of wild birds: Insights from three southern African hornbill species.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dolores Barón, M.; Stanback, M.; Martínez-Renau, E.; José Soler, J.; and Martín-Vivaldi, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Avian Biology, n/a(n/a): 1–16. 2024.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jav.03347\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Characterizing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{dolores_baron_characterizing_2024,\n\ttitle = {Characterizing bacterial communities of wild birds: {Insights} from three southern {African} hornbill species},\n\tvolume = {n/a},\n\tissn = {1600-048X},\n\tshorttitle = {Characterizing bacterial communities of wild birds},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jav.03347},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/jav.03347},\n\tabstract = {The microbiome of the uropygial gland and integuments where birds spread the uropygial secretion may play crucial roles for their hosts, but it has been poorly studied, especially in wild species. Exploring bacterial communities associated with the uropygial secretion of birds is particularly interesting in species under strong selection pressures due to pathogenic infection. Here, by high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterized and compared the bacterial communities of the uropygial gland surface of three African hornbill species (Family Bucerotidae), as well as the bill and feathers of females from two of these species and the nestlings of the other one. In accordance with previous knowledge of avian microbiomes, we expected to find differences associated with species identity, age and the sampled integument. Overall, we found that: 1) the microbiome was similar among species, 2) but there were slight differences associated with the sampled body regions. Moreover, 3) we observed no consistent variation in the microbiota with age, and 4) females and nestlings sharing a nest harboured more similar gland surface microbiota compared to females and nestlings that did not share a nest. These species often reuse nest cavities, sealing them with a plug made from diverse material. Once sealed, they remain enclosed in the nest for a long period. This behaviour opens the possibility that the nest environment is key shaping the microbiota of these species and might serve as a reservoir of the sampled bacterial communities. Moreover, behavioural mechanisms such as preening may contribute to the transmission of bacteria from the uropygial gland to other body regions, enhancing bacterial similarities. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of the nest environment in structuring bacterial communities in wild birds and provides the first thorough characterization of the microbiome inhabiting different body integuments of southern African hornbills.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {n/a},\n\turldate = {2025-02-07},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Avian Biology},\n\tauthor = {Dolores Barón, María and Stanback, Mark and Martínez-Renau, Ester and José Soler, Juan and Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jav.03347},\n\tkeywords = {16S-rRNA gene sequencing, hornbills, microbial community, nest environment, uropygial gland, uropygial secretion},\n\tpages = {1--16},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n The microbiome of the uropygial gland and integuments where birds spread the uropygial secretion may play crucial roles for their hosts, but it has been poorly studied, especially in wild species. Exploring bacterial communities associated with the uropygial secretion of birds is particularly interesting in species under strong selection pressures due to pathogenic infection. Here, by high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterized and compared the bacterial communities of the uropygial gland surface of three African hornbill species (Family Bucerotidae), as well as the bill and feathers of females from two of these species and the nestlings of the other one. In accordance with previous knowledge of avian microbiomes, we expected to find differences associated with species identity, age and the sampled integument. Overall, we found that: 1) the microbiome was similar among species, 2) but there were slight differences associated with the sampled body regions. Moreover, 3) we observed no consistent variation in the microbiota with age, and 4) females and nestlings sharing a nest harboured more similar gland surface microbiota compared to females and nestlings that did not share a nest. These species often reuse nest cavities, sealing them with a plug made from diverse material. Once sealed, they remain enclosed in the nest for a long period. This behaviour opens the possibility that the nest environment is key shaping the microbiota of these species and might serve as a reservoir of the sampled bacterial communities. Moreover, behavioural mechanisms such as preening may contribute to the transmission of bacteria from the uropygial gland to other body regions, enhancing bacterial similarities. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of the nest environment in structuring bacterial communities in wild birds and provides the first thorough characterization of the microbiome inhabiting different body integuments of southern African hornbills.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Three-dimensional vegetation structure drives patterns of seed dispersal by African hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Russo, N. J.; Nshom, D. L.; Ferraz, A.; Barbier, N.; Wikelski, M.; Noonan, M. J.; Ordway, E. M.; Saatchi, S.; and Smith, T. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Animal Ecology, 93(12): 1935–1946. 2024.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.14202\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Three-dimensional$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{russo_three-dimensional_2024,\n\ttitle = {Three-dimensional vegetation structure drives patterns of seed dispersal by {African} hornbills},\n\tvolume = {93},\n\tcopyright = {© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley \\& Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.},\n\tissn = {1365-2656},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1365-2656.14202},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/1365-2656.14202},\n\tabstract = {Three-dimensional (3D) vegetation structure influences animal movements and, consequently, ecosystem functions. Animals disperse the seeds of 60\\%–90\\% of trees in tropical rainforests, which are among the most structurally complex ecosystems on Earth. Here, we investigated how 3D rainforest structure influences the movements of large, frugivorous birds and resulting spatial patterns of seed dispersal. We GPS-tracked white-thighed (Bycanistes albotibialis) and black-casqued hornbills (Ceratogymna atrata) in a study area surveyed by light detection and ranging (LiDAR) in southern Cameroon. We found that both species preferred areas of greater canopy height and white-thighed hornbill preferred areas of greater vertical complexity. In addition, 33\\% of the hornbills preferred areas close to canopy gaps, while 16.7\\% and 27.8\\% avoided large and small gaps, respectively. White-thighed hornbills avoided swamp habitats, while black-casqued increased their preference for swamps during the hottest temperatures. We mapped spatial probabilities of seed dispersal by hornbills, showing that 3D structural attributes shape this ecological process by influencing hornbill behaviour. These results provide evidence of a possible feedback loop between rainforest vegetation structure and seed dispersal by animals. Interactions between seed dispersers and vegetation structure described here are essential for understanding ecosystem functions in tropical rainforests and critical for predicting how rainforests respond to anthropogenic impacts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2025-02-02},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Animal Ecology},\n\tauthor = {Russo, Nicholas J. and Nshom, Docas L. and Ferraz, António and Barbier, Nicolas and Wikelski, Martin and Noonan, Michael J. and Ordway, Elsa M. and Saatchi, Sassan and Smith, Thomas B.},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.14202},\n\tkeywords = {UAV-LiDAR, hornbill, movement ecology, seed dispersal, step selection functions, tropical forest},\n\tpages = {1935--1946},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Preliminary results on the development of dueting in Southern Ground Hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n ter Haar, S. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Leiden, The Netherlands, 2024. Centre for Language Studies (CLS) at Radboud University; The Institute for Language Sciences (ILS) at Utrecht University; The Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL)\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Preliminary$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 3 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@inproceedings{ter_haar_preliminary_2024,\n\taddress = {Leiden, The Netherlands},\n\ttitle = {Preliminary results on the development of dueting in {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbills} ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri)},\n\turl = {https://www.isca-archive.org/speechprosody_2024/haar24_speechprosody.pdf},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tpublisher = {Centre for Language Studies (CLS) at Radboud University; The Institute for Language Sciences (ILS) at Utrecht University; The Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL)},\n\tauthor = {ter Haar, Sita M.},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {animal vocalizations, coordination, infant speech development, rhythm},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping tree canopy thermal refugia for birds using biophysical models and LiDAR.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Strydom, L. H.; Conradie, S. R.; Smit, I. P. J.; Greve, M.; Boucher, P. B.; Davies, A. B.; and McKechnie, A. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Biometeorology,1–14. November 2024.\n Company: Springer Distributor: Springer Institution: Springer Label: Springer Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Mapping$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{strydom_mapping_2024,\n\ttitle = {Mapping tree canopy thermal refugia for birds using biophysical models and {LiDAR}},\n\tcopyright = {2024 The Author(s)},\n\tissn = {1432-1254},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00484-024-02833-z},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00484-024-02833-z},\n\tabstract = {Accurately predicting exposure of animals to climate change requires evaluating the effects of warming on the microclimates they occupy. Birds, like many other taxa, make extensive use of cool microsites in vegetation during hot weather. Taking advantage of recent advances in modelling tree canopy microclimates, we combined LiDAR-based individual tree canopy mapping and biophysical modelling to evaluate the current and future availability of cool microsites in a subtropical African savanna landscape. We constructed biophysical models for two common bird species, an {\\textasciitilde} 40-g bulbul and an {\\textasciitilde} 200-g hornbill, and modelled exposure to conditions under which the body temperature (Tb) of individuals resting in canopies exceeds 42 °C, equivalent to {\\textasciitilde} 2 °C above resting thermoneutral Tb. At present, 34.5\\% of trees taller than 2 m in our 139-ha study site provide microclimates in which resting Tb remained below 42 °C for both species during our study period. Under a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 climate change scenario and assuming no change in vegetation structure, by the end of the Century the availability of microsites characterized by Tb {\\textless} 42 °C will decrease to just 0.4\\% and 3.8\\% for bulbuls and hornbills, respectively. The proportion of trees in whose canopies bulbuls’ and hornbills’ exposure to Tb {\\textgreater} 42 °C is limited to {\\textless} 10 d summer− 1 will decrease from 98 to 99\\% currently to 3.0\\% and 24.3\\% by end-century, respectively. These findings reveal the magnitude of changes for birds in a savanna thermal landscape under a business-as-usual emissions scenario.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-12-06},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Biometeorology},\n\tauthor = {Strydom, Lara H. and Conradie, Shannon R. and Smit, Izak P. J. and Greve, Michelle and Boucher, Peter B. and Davies, Andrew B. and McKechnie, Andrew E.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Company: Springer\nDistributor: Springer\nInstitution: Springer\nLabel: Springer\nPublisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg},\n\tkeywords = {Birds, Climate change, Microclimate, Remote sensing, Thermal landscape},\n\tpages = {1--14},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Broad-scale genetic assessment of Southern Ground-Hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri) to inform population management.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, L.; Dalton, D. L.; Mwale, M.; Grobler, J. P.; Madisha, M. T.; Van Wyk, A. M.; Mokgokong, P. S.; Jansen, R.; and Kotze, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Ecology and Conservation, 52: e02963. 2024.\n Publisher: Elsevier\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Broad-scale$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kemp_broad-scale_2024,\n\ttitle = {Broad-scale genetic assessment of {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbills} ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri) to inform population management},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989424001677},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Global Ecology and Conservation},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Lucy and Dalton, Desiré L. and Mwale, Monica and Grobler, J. Paul and Madisha, M. Thabang and Van Wyk, Anna M. and Mokgokong, Prudent S. and Jansen, Raymond and Kotze, Antoinette},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Elsevier},\n\tpages = {e02963},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n HORNBILLS: ALLIES OF FARMERS.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nigam, R.; Siddiqui, A. A.; Yadav, D. R.; Khalid, M. A.; and Singh, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 83–92. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, February 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"HORNBILLS:$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@incollection{nigam_hornbills_2024,\n\ttitle = {{HORNBILLS}: {ALLIES} {OF} {FARMERS}},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/072-026-409-015-716},\n\tpublisher = {Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd},\n\tauthor = {Nigam, Ruchira and Siddiqui, Asif Ahmad and Yadav, Dr Ruby and Khalid, M. A. and Singh, Chitra},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.58532/v3biag9p2ch5},\n\tpages = {83--92},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Distribution status and influence of climate change on patterns of distribution of hornbills in Sri Lanka.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wijerathne, I. L.; Vidanapathirana, D. R.; Panduwawala, P. P.; Nirath, T.; Kirambakanda, K.; Sarathchandra, C.; and Wickramasinghe, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Ecology and Conservation, 51: e02903–e02903. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Distribution$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{wijerathne_distribution_2024,\n\ttitle = {Distribution status and influence of climate change on patterns of distribution of hornbills in {Sri} {Lanka}},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/015-921-654-781-24X},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02903},\n\tjournal = {Global Ecology and Conservation},\n\tauthor = {Wijerathne, Iresha L. and Vidanapathirana, Dulan R. and Panduwawala, Pavithra P. and Nirath, Thilini and Kirambakanda, Krishan and Sarathchandra, Chaya and Wickramasinghe, Sriyani},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {e02903--e02903},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A maneuverable canopy net for capturing large tropical birds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Russo, N. J.; Holbrook, K. M.; Dietsch, T.; Forzi, F. A.; Tekam, A. S. A.; and Smith, T. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Field Ornithology, 95(1). March 2024.\n Publisher: The Resilience Alliance\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{russo_maneuverable_2024,\n\ttitle = {A maneuverable canopy net for capturing large tropical birds},\n\tvolume = {95},\n\tcopyright = {© 2024 by the author(s)},\n\tissn = {1557-9263},\n\turl = {https://journal.afonet.org/vol95/iss1/art13/},\n\tdoi = {10.5751/JFO-00438-950113},\n\tabstract = {Capturing birds of tropical rainforest canopies is important for answering many questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation, but canopy birds are often out of reach when using conventional mist-netting methods. Some methods exist to mist-net canopy birds, but modifications needed for target-capturing large frugivores are not well documented. Here, we describe a canopy netting method for capturing large, fruit-eating birds in rainforests. The methods presented here emphasize a large net area, maneuverability of netting, and collapsibility for safely preventing the escape of captured birds. During three different projects in the rainforests of Cameroon, this technique has resulted in the successful capture of hornbills (Bucerotidae), turacos (Musophagidae), and fruit pigeons (Columbidae). We recommend this technique for canopy bird research and encourage documentation of any modifications.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-11-01},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Field Ornithology},\n\tauthor = {Russo, Nicholas J. and Holbrook, Kimberly M. and Dietsch, Thomas and Forzi, Francis A. and Tekam, Antoine S. A. and Smith, Thomas B.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Publisher: The Resilience Alliance},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Development Of The Rhythmically Coordinated Duet Of A Bird Species (Southern Ground Hornbills, Bucorvus leadbeateri).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Haar, S. M. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Speech Prosody 2024, pages 1150–1154, July 2024. ISCA\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Development$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@inproceedings{haar_development_2024,\n\ttitle = {Development {Of} {The} {Rhythmically} {Coordinated} {Duet} {Of} {A} {Bird} {Species} ({Southern} {Ground} {Hornbills}, {Bucorvus} leadbeateri)},\n\turl = {https://www.isca-archive.org/speechprosody_2024/haar24_speechprosody.html},\n\tdoi = {10.21437/SpeechProsody.2024-232},\n\tabstract = {Comparing human with non-human animal vocalizations can give insight in evolution and mechanisms of vocal behavior. This study addresses rhythm, a feature shared between speech prosody and music, in Southern Ground Hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri). Adults in this bird species sing a rhythmically coordinated duet, alternating between the male and the female. Vocalizations were recorded in two developmental and social settings in zoo living Southern Ground Hornbills and analyzed for their rhythmic patterns. Preliminary results indicate juvenile Ground Hornbills produce similar calls as adults, but do not produce the rhythmic duet yet. Moreover, upon introduction of a new adult male to an adult human-reared female, the birds did occasionally, but not always produce a rhythmic duet. These preliminary findings suggest that either learning and/or physiological changes during development and possibly pair bonding induce the rhythmic duet. Further research using more diverse settings and longitudinal recordings (including more adult controls), should disentangle these possible mechanisms. These findings are relevant for both evolution and mechanisms of rhythmic capacities, as well as animal welfare, particularly breeding programs to reintroduce Ground Hornbills to the wild. If development of the coordinated duet is in jeopardy, the breeding and reintroduction may be at risk as well.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tbooktitle = {Speech {Prosody} 2024},\n\tpublisher = {ISCA},\n\tauthor = {Haar, Sita M. Ter},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {1150--1154},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Three-dimensional vegetation structure drives patterns of seed dispersal by African hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Russo, N.; Nshom, D.; Ferraz, A.; Barbier, N.; Wikelski, M.; Noonan, M.; Ordway, E.; Saatchi, S.; and Smith, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n July 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Three-dimensional$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{russo_three-dimensional_2024,\n\ttitle = {Three-dimensional vegetation structure drives patterns of seed dispersal by {African} hornbills},\n\turl = {https://www.authorea.com/users/522710/articles/1192790-three-dimensional-vegetation-structure-drives-patterns-of-seed-dispersal-by-african-hornbills?commit=b266c788fd766af1c782a84fe0e5d58ec0d4f71f},\n\tdoi = {10.22541/au.172115227.74173101/v1},\n\tabstract = {Animals disperse the seeds of 60-90\\% of trees in tropical rainforests, which are among the most structurally complex ecosystems on Earth. Here, we investigated how 3D rainforest structure inﬂuences the movements of large, frugivorous birds and resulting spatial patterns of seed dispersal. We GPS-tracked white-thighed (Bycanistes albotibialis) and black-casqued hornbills (Ceratogymna atrata) in southern Cameroon and found that both species preferred areas of greater canopy height, and white-thighed hornbill preferred areas of greater vertical complexity. In addition, 33\\% of the hornbills preferred areas close to canopy gaps, while 16.7\\% and 27.8\\% avoided large and small gaps, respectively. White-thighed hornbills avoided swamp habitats, while black-casqued preferred them during the hottest temperatures. We mapped spatial probabilities of seed dispersal by hornbills, showing that 3D structural attributes shape this ecological process by inﬂuencing hornbill behavior. These results provide evidence of a possible feedback loop between rainforest vegetation structure and seed dispersal by animals.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tauthor = {Russo, Nicholas and Nshom, Docas and Ferraz, António and Barbier, Nicolas and Wikelski, Martin and Noonan, Michael and Ordway, Elsa and Saatchi, Sasan and Smith, Thomas},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2024},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The impact of weather conditions on the competition and breeding success of three sympatric hornbill species in a semi-arid region.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stander, M. C.; Van De Ven, T. M.; Mullers, R. H.; and Engelbrecht, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Ecology and Conservation, 53: e02992. September 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{stander_impact_2024,\n\ttitle = {The impact of weather conditions on the competition and breeding success of three sympatric hornbill species in a semi-arid region},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {23519894},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989424001963},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02992},\n\tabstract = {Recent studies have highlighted the vulnerability of hornbills breeding in hot, arid environments, raising concern about the species’ persistence with climate change. Hornbills are, however, a widespread avian family found in various climates in Africa and Asia. In this study, we investigated the factors impacting the breeding phenology of three sympatric African hornbill species in a semi-arid environment. We found that rainfall was associated with breeding initiation and breeding success in all three species (African grey hornbill Lophoceros nasutus, Southern yellowbilled hornbill Tockus leucomelas, and Southern red-billed hornbill Tockus rufirostris). Breeding success and chick body mass change of African grey hornbills and Southern yellow-billed hornbills, but not Southern red-billed hornbills, were negatively impacted by high air temperatures during the breeding season. This study shows that Southern red-billed hornbills were more successful at producing offspring compared to African grey hornbills and Southern yellow-billed hornbills, which was likely due to their later breeding initiation compared to the other two species. Future changes in rainfall patterns may cause the African grey hornbills and Southern yellow-billed hornbills to delay breeding activities. Delayed breeding could result in a greater overlap of the nesting period of the three species, which would, in turn, increase the competition for food and suitable nesting sites. This study confirms that also in semi-arid areas, climate change has the potential to affect the breeding success of hornbills.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Global Ecology and Conservation},\n\tauthor = {Stander, Margaretha C. and Van De Ven, Tanja M.F.N. and Mullers, Ralf H.E. and Engelbrecht, Derek},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {e02992},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A price on their heads? Assessing foreign demand as a driver of hornbill hunting in Cameroon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Su, S.; Guetse, F.; and Arcilla, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Ecology and Conservation, 51: e02905. 2024.\n Publisher: Elsevier\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{su_price_2024,\n\ttitle = {A price on their heads? {Assessing} foreign demand as a driver of hornbill hunting in {Cameroon}},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tshorttitle = {A price on their heads?},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989424001094},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Global Ecology and Conservation},\n\tauthor = {Su, Shan and Guetse, Francis and Arcilla, Nico},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Elsevier},\n\tpages = {e02905},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2023\n \n \n (11)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The foothills of the northern Western Ghats serve as a potential stronghold for threatened hornbill species.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pawar, P.; and Sadekar, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Birds, 18(5): 146–149. February 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{pawar_foothills_2023,\n\ttitle = {The foothills of the northern {Western} {Ghats} serve as a potential stronghold for threatened hornbill species},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tabstract = {Agriculture-dominated landscapes in proximity of forest areas serve as important biodiversity habitats when contiguous protected habitats are fragmented. With the high rate of forest fragmentation, the role of the matrix of land use types, in sustaining biodiversity, is increasing. Many studies have shown that significant biodiversity persist outside PAs. Primarily PAs by themselves are inadequate to protect the full extent of local biodiversity. Due to the absence of formal protection, the conservation potential of these habitats is overlooked and, as such, its biodiversity remains undocumented. Given its fewer PAs, the northern Western Ghats has received little attention as compared to the central and southern Western Ghats. There is a dearth of baseline information from there on occurrences and abundances of threatened taxa. In this study we report the density and abundances of hornbills (Bucerotidae) in the matrix of unprotected landscape of the Tillari River Basin (Maharashtra, India). Our results show that Tillari is a home to all four hornbills of the Western Ghats. The Western Ghats endemic—the Malabar Grey Hornbill Ocyceros griseus—and the Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus (endemic to the Indian Subcontinent), are commonly encountered here. Population density estimates from this study are comparable with those from the adjoining protected areas in the northern Western Ghats. We report mean (± se) densities of 4.4 (± 1.6) individuals/km2 and 6.8 (± 1.6) individuals/ km2 for these two hornbills, respectively. The results indicate that the Tillari catchment area is a stronghold of two endemic species of hornbills of the Indian Subcontinent. The recognition of such sites for prioritizing conservation is crucial for the persistence of threatened and endemic biodiversity in this mosaic of anthropogenic and natural habitats.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Indian Birds},\n\tauthor = {Pawar, Pooja and Sadekar, Vishal},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {146--149},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Individual contributions to group behaviour in the cooperatively breeding southern ground-hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Middleton, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Individual$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{middleton_individual_2023,\n\taddress = {Rondebosch, Cape Town},\n\ttype = {({PhD} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Individual contributions to group behaviour in the cooperatively breeding southern ground-hornbill {Bucorvus} leadbeateri},\n\turl = {https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/38073},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tschool = {University of Cape Town},\n\tauthor = {Middleton, Kyle-Mark},\n\tyear = {2023},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Congo Pied Hornbill (Lophoceros fasciatus), version 1.0.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kirwan, G. M.; Kemp, A. C.; and Boesman, P. F. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Birds of the World. 2023.\n Publisher: Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Congo$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kirwan_congo_2023,\n\ttitle = {Congo {Pied} {Hornbill} ({Lophoceros} fasciatus), version 1.0},\n\tissn = {2771-3105},\n\turl = {https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afphor3/cur/introduction},\n\tdoi = {10.2173/bow.afphor3.01species_shared.bow.project_name},\n\tabstract = {Species accounts for all the birds of the world.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-04},\n\tjournal = {Birds of the World},\n\tauthor = {Kirwan, Guy M. and Kemp, Alan C. and Boesman, Peter F. D.},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Social diffusion of new foraging techniques in the Southern ground-hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Danel, S.; Rebout, N.; and Kemp, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Learning & Behavior, 51(2): 153–165. June 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Social$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{danel_social_2023,\n\ttitle = {Social diffusion of new foraging techniques in the {Southern} ground-hornbill ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri)},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tissn = {1543-4508},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-022-00518-4},\n\tdoi = {10.3758/s13420-022-00518-4},\n\tabstract = {Social learning during foraging has been found in a wide range of animals, including numerous bird species. Still, the mechanisms underlying this cognitive capacity remain largely unstudied and the use of divergent methods limits our understanding of their taxonomic distribution. Using an ecologically relevant design, the open diffusion experiment, we tested whether 11 Southern ground-hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri) were able to show imitation on the two-action task. Three experimental groups were created. In the slide and pull group, subjects (‘observers’) watched a trained conspecific (‘demonstrator’) opening a box using a specific technique. Naïve individuals from the control group, however, did not receive a social demonstration. All birds of the slide and pull group succeeded in opening the box, whereas all subjects of the control group failed the task. We found consistent inter-individual differences among some observers, with only two birds (one in each group) using the same technique and part of the box contacted by the demonstrator. Our results suggest that at least fine-tune enhancement underlies behavioural diffusion in this novel model species, which provides new research opportunities with direct implications for conservation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Learning \\& Behavior},\n\tauthor = {Danel, Samara and Rebout, Nancy and Kemp, Lucy},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Bucerotiformes, Ground-hornbills, Group foraging, Open diffusion, Social learning, Two-action task},\n\tpages = {153--165},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Update: Random time-activity budgets in captive Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cooper, M.; and Jordan, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South African Journal of Science, 119(7/8). June 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Update:$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{cooper_update_2023,\n\ttitle = {Update: {Random} time-activity budgets in captive {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri},\n\tvolume = {119},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/117-191-708-880-435},\n\tdoi = {10.17159/sajs.2023/a0028u},\n\tnumber = {7/8},\n\tjournal = {South African Journal of Science},\n\tauthor = {Cooper, Mark and Jordan, Lara},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Assessing sex differences in behavioural flexibility in an endangered bird species: the Southern ground-hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Danel, S.; Rebout, N.; and Kemp, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Animal Cognition, 26(2): 599–609. March 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Assessing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{danel_assessing_2023,\n\ttitle = {Assessing sex differences in behavioural flexibility in an endangered bird species: the {Southern} ground-hornbill ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri)},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tissn = {1435-9456},\n\tshorttitle = {Assessing sex differences in behavioural flexibility in an endangered bird species},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01705-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10071-022-01705-6},\n\tabstract = {Since ecology influences the expression of cognitive traits, intra-specific variation in ecological demands can drive differences in cognition. This is often the case, for instance, when sexes face different ecological challenges. However, so far, most studies have focused on few cognitive domains (i.e., spatial cognition), which limits our understanding of the evolution of sexually dimorphic cognition in animals. Endangered Southern ground-hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri), for example, show sex-specific ecological differences in age at dispersal, where females disperse from their natal group earlier than males. Based on this potential sex-specific source of selection, females and males may differ in their capacity to behave flexibly. Here, we used the reversal-learning paradigm in ten Southern ground-hornbills in two conditions: spatial and colour. During the pre-test (learning phase), regardless the sex, all subjects were faster at associating the food reward with spatial rather than with colour cues. Similarly, during the test (reversal-learning phase), both sexes learned the new association quicker with spatial cues. There were no sex differences in learning or reversal learning during both experimental phases. This possibility, however, requires further observation and experimentation. We hope our study will provide the impetus to assess further the cognitive capacities of this still overlooked species.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Animal Cognition},\n\tauthor = {Danel, Samara and Rebout, Nancy and Kemp, Lucy},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Behavioural flexibility, Cups task, Ground-hornbills, Reversal learning, Sex differences},\n\tpages = {599--609},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ground-hornbill Medicine.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n KOEPPEL, K. N.; and KEMP, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, Volume 10, pages 475–480. Elsevier, 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ground-hornbill$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@incollection{koeppel_ground-hornbill_2023,\n\ttitle = {Ground-hornbill {Medicine}},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323828529000708},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tbooktitle = {Fowler's {Zoo} and {Wild} {Animal} {Medicine} {Current} {Therapy}, {Volume} 10},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {KOEPPEL, KATJA N. and KEMP, LUCY},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {475--480},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Human-Bird Interactions: An Exploration of Oromo Cultural Beliefs and Practices Associated with the Northern Ground-Hornbill (Bucorvus abyssinicus).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Asefa, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Gadaa Journal, 6(2). 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Human-Bird$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{asefa_human-bird_2023,\n\ttitle = {Human-{Bird} {Interactions}: {An} {Exploration} of {Oromo} {Cultural} {Beliefs} and {Practices} {Associated} with the {Northern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} ({Bucorvus} abyssinicus).},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tshorttitle = {Human-{Bird} {Interactions}},\n\turl = {https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=26163977&AN=173872213&h=BzNESb%2BchwPib2x5HuajlL9NpwjevjD1cugE03ht6BPOZPhZ6XUj3oQdwwx%2BDDUEHEZQKZC%2BLgYfmMVw%2FHhXoA%3D%3D&crl=c},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Gadaa Journal},\n\tauthor = {Asefa, Addisu},\n\tyear = {2023},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n An evaluation of a biophysical model for predicting avian thermoregulation in the heat.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Conradie, S.; Kearney, M.; Wolf, B.; Cunningham, S.; Freeman, M.; Kemp, R.; and McKechnie, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Experimental Biology. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{conradie_evaluation_2023,\n\ttitle = {An evaluation of a biophysical model for predicting avian thermoregulation in the heat},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},\n\tauthor = {Conradie, S.R. and Kearney, M.R. and Wolf, B.O. and Cunningham, S.J. and Freeman, M.T. and Kemp, R. and McKechnie, A.E.},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Avian thermoregulation, Biophysical ecology, Endotherms, Heat},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A retrospective review of the histopathology of captive hornbill chicks.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mitchell, E.; Kemp, L.; Koeppel, K.; and Guiot, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JS Afr Vet Assoc, 94: 113–122. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{mitchell_retrospective_2023,\n\ttitle = {A retrospective review of the histopathology of captive hornbill chicks},\n\tvolume = {94},\n\tissn = {2224-9435},\n\turl = {https://jsava.co.za/index.php/jsava/article/view/506},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.506},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {JS Afr Vet Assoc},\n\tauthor = {Mitchell, E.P. and Kemp, L. and Koeppel, K. and Guiot, A.P.},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {113--122},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n DNA analysis and validation for species identification of seized helmeted hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) casques.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hatten, C. E. R.; Fitriana, Y. S.; Prigge, T.; Irham, M.; Sutrisno, H.; Abinawanto; and Dingle, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments, 3: 100058. December 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"DNA$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{hatten_dna_2023,\n\ttitle = {{DNA} analysis and validation for species identification of seized helmeted hornbill (\\textit{{Rhinoplax} vigil}) casques},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {2666-9374},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266693742200018X},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.fsiae.2022.100058},\n\tabstract = {Helmeted hornbills (Rhinoplax vigil, J.R. Forster, 1781) are ‘Critically Endangered’ due to illegal hunting for their casques which are carved and traded for ornamental purposes. DNA species identification techniques can aid enforcement efforts, and validated wildlife forensic techniques for the species identification of R. vigil are needed. Here we tested multiple methods for sampling and extracting DNA from R. vigil casques and a validated a previously published assay using cytochrome B (cytB) primers to identity species and origin of traded casques. Phenol-chloroform: isoamyl alcohol extractions resulted in samples with higher quantity and quality of DNA than those extracted using the commercial Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit. Samples collected from the caudal side of the casque yielded higher DNA quantity and quality than rostral and lateral sides, regardless of sampling method. We then assessed the repeatability, reproducibility, robustness, sensitivity, specificity, and phylogenetic resolution of a previously published species identification assay. We confirm the ability of this method to phylogenetically distinguish between R. vigil and closely related hornbills with high bootstrap support (99\\%). We also report the first genetic evidence of illegally traded R. vigil in Hong Kong using confiscated casques and provide more reference samples of R. vigil for future work. Overall, we provide multiple protocols for sampling and extracting DNA, and a validated species identification assay for amplifying DNA from R. vigil casques with potential to aid law enforcement in illegal wildlife crimes.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments},\n\tauthor = {Hatten, Chloe E. R. and Fitriana, Yuli S. and Prigge, Tracey-Leigh and Irham, Mohammad and Sutrisno, Hari and {Abinawanto} and Dingle, Caroline},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {DNA, Helmeted hornbill, Species identification, Validation, Wildlife forensic science},\n\tpages = {100058},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2022\n \n \n (12)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Unusual nesting events for Von der Decken’s and Northern Red-billed Hornbills in Laikipia County.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n O’Brien, T.; and Kinnaird, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Hornbill Natural History & Conservation, 3: 35–37. 2022.\n Place: Kenya\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{obrien_unusual_2022,\n\ttitle = {Unusual nesting events for {Von} der {Decken}’s and {Northern} {Red}-billed {Hornbills} in {Laikipia} {County}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Hornbill Natural History \\& Conservation},\n\tauthor = {O’Brien, T. and Kinnaird, M.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Place: Kenya},\n\tpages = {35--37},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Through the eyes of a hunter: assessing perception and exclusion performance in ground-hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Danel, S.; Rebout, N.; and Kemp, L. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Animal Cognition, 25(6): 1665–1670. December 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Through$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{danel_through_2022,\n\ttitle = {Through the eyes of a hunter: assessing perception and exclusion performance in ground-hornbills},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {1435-9456},\n\tshorttitle = {Through the eyes of a hunter},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01619-3},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10071-022-01619-3},\n\tabstract = {Logical inference, once strictly associated with spoken language, is now reported in some non-human animals. One aspect of logical inference, reasoning by exclusion, has been traditionally explored through the use of the cups task (cup A and cup B, if not cup A, then exclude cup A and select cup B). However, to fully understand the factors that drove the evolution of logical processes in animals, this latter paradigm needs to cover a taxonomically broader spectrum of species. In this study, we aimed to test the capacity of Southern ground-hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri) to show exclusion performance in a two-way object-choice task. First, we determined whether subjects could perceive and choose correctly between two containers (one rewarded, one unrewarded) using visual or acoustic cues (sensory phase). If successful, individuals were then presented with three experimental conditions (test phase): Full information (content of both cups revealed), Exclusion (content of the empty cup revealed), and Control (no content revealed). During the sensory phase, ground-hornbills succeeded in choosing the rewarded container only in the visual modality. Birds were able to select the rewarded container more than would be expected by chance in the Full information condition, but their performances were equal to chance in the Control condition. The without-learning performance of two individuals within the Exclusion condition indicates that this task is not trivial, which invites further investigation on this species’ capacity to represent the dependent relationship between the cups (true logical inference).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Animal Cognition},\n\tauthor = {Danel, Samara and Rebout, Nancy and Kemp, Lucy V.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Avian cognition, Bucerotiformes, Cups task, Exclusion performance, Reasoning by exclusion},\n\tpages = {1665--1670},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Complication with re‐sedation in southern ground hornbills ( Bucorvus leadbeateri ) following partial reversal of two orally administered sedation protocols.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Laubscher, L. L.; Koeppel, K.; Campbell, R.; Chabangu, S.; and Kemp, L. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Veterinary Record Case Reports, 10(1): e250. March 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Complication$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{laubscher_complication_2022,\n\ttitle = {Complication with re‐sedation in southern ground hornbills ( \\textit{{Bucorvus} leadbeateri} ) following partial reversal of two orally administered sedation protocols},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tcopyright = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions\\#vor},\n\tissn = {2052-6121, 2052-6121},\n\turl = {https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vrc2.250},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/vrc2.250},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            The combination of midazolam, medetomidine and azaperone (MMA) was compared with the combination of butorphanol, azaperone and medetomidine (BAM) for the sedation of southern ground hornbills when administered orally in a bait. The BAM combination (30 mg butorphanol, 12 mg azaperone and 12 mg medetomidine per ml of solution) at a dose of 0.14 ml/kg was the only combination that did not result in re‐sedation after reversal. However, induction of sedation was long, and sedation was only deep enough for capture, handling, and minor non‐invasive procedures. The MMA combination and higher doses of the BAM combination resulted in quicker inductions although individuals showed mild to severe signs of re‐sedation, starting at 4 hours after reversal and continuing for as long as 17 hours after reversal. Care should therefore be taken when administering these combinations orally to southern ground hornbills as it appears that absorption, metabolism and excretion are unpredictable in this species.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Veterinary Record Case Reports},\n\tauthor = {Laubscher, Liesel L. and Koeppel, Katja and Campbell, Robert and Chabangu, Sarah and Kemp, Lucy V.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {e250},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Collapse of Breeding Success in Desert-Dwelling Hornbills Evident Within a Single Decade.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pattinson, N. B.; Ven, T. M. F. N. v. d.; Finnie, M. J.; Nupen, L. J.; McKechnie, A. E.; and Cunningham, S. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10. May 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Collapse$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{pattinson_collapse_2022,\n\ttitle = {Collapse of {Breeding} {Success} in {Desert}-{Dwelling} {Hornbills} {Evident} {Within} a {Single} {Decade}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/053-864-817-735-900},\n\tdoi = {10.3389/fevo.2022.842264},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},\n\tauthor = {Pattinson, Nicholas B. and Ven, Tanja M. F. N. van de and Finnie, Mike J. and Nupen, Lisa J. and McKechnie, Andrew E. and Cunningham, Susan J.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2022},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nesting Ecology of Malabar Grey Hornbill Ocyceros griseus in a Mosaic Landscape in the Southern Western Ghats, India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Patel, B.; Sivaraman, S.; and Balakrishnan, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 75(3): 337–348. August 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nesting$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 4 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{patel_nesting_2022,\n\ttitle = {Nesting {Ecology} of {Malabar} {Grey} {Hornbill} {Ocyceros} griseus in a {Mosaic} {Landscape} in the {Southern} {Western} {Ghats}, {India}},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/182-011-258-478-436},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s12595-022-00446-1},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the Zoological Society},\n\tauthor = {Patel, Bharati and Sivaraman, Sreejith and Balakrishnan, Peroth},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {337--348},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The behavioural biology of hornbills, toucans, and kingfishers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Beilby, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In The Behavioural Biology of Zoo Animals. CRC Press, 2022.\n Num Pages: 12\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@incollection{beilby_behavioural_2022,\n\ttitle = {The behavioural biology of hornbills, toucans, and kingfishers},\n\tisbn = {978-1-00-320847-1},\n\tabstract = {Hornbills, toucans, and kingfishers are popular birds in zoos worldwide owing to their active natures and/or colourful and eye-catching nature. Many species are threatened in the wild, with ex-situ populations providing an excellent safety net, with one species being listed as Extinct in the Wild. The charismatic nature of these birds, allows them to act as ambassador species for their respective habitats, promoting a more holistic conservational approach. Information on the behaviour of these species, including wild behavioural ecology and activity budgets, should be used as the basis for captive management decisions, whilst considering the constraints of captivity. This chapter examines the variety of behaviours exhibited by hornbills, toucans, and kingfishers to show how this information allows improvement of animal welfare, enclosure design, and assists in population management.},\n\tbooktitle = {The {Behavioural} {Biology} of {Zoo} {Animals}},\n\tpublisher = {CRC Press},\n\tauthor = {Beilby, Jonathan},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Num Pages: 12},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Birds of Northern Vietnam (Caves Dieu and Maxa I, Thanh Hoa Province)—Paleornithological Results of the Joint Bulgarian-Vietnamese Archaeological Expeditions, 1985–1991 (Paleoavifaunal Research).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Boev, Z.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Quaternary, 5(3): 31. 2022.\n Publisher: MDPI\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Late$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{boev_late_2022,\n\ttitle = {Late {Pleistocene} and {Early} {Holocene} {Birds} of {Northern} {Vietnam} ({Caves} {Dieu} and {Maxa} {I}, {Thanh} {Hoa} {Province})—{Paleornithological} {Results} of the {Joint} {Bulgarian}-{Vietnamese} {Archaeological} {Expeditions}, 1985–1991 ({Paleoavifaunal} {Research})},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/5/3/31},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Quaternary},\n\tauthor = {Boev, Zlatozar},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: MDPI},\n\tpages = {31},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Roost site use by Great (Buceros bicornis) and Wreathed (Rhyticeros undulatus) Hornbill and its implications for seed dispersal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Naniwadekar, R.; Rathore, A.; Shukla, U.; and Datta, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biotropica, 54(6): 1315–1319. 2022.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/btp.13039\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Roost$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{naniwadekar_roost_2022,\n\ttitle = {Roost site use by {Great} ({Buceros} bicornis) and {Wreathed} ({Rhyticeros} undulatus) {Hornbill} and its implications for seed dispersal},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tcopyright = {© 2021 Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.},\n\tissn = {1744-7429},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/btp.13039},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/btp.13039},\n\tabstract = {We examined roost selection by hornbills using telemetry data and determined its implication for seed dispersal. Roost selection was not influenced by nest/foraging sites. Wreathed Hornbill roosts were mostly close to the river. Hornbills dispersed only 10\\% of seeds at roosts, but dispersal distances of those seeds were longer.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Biotropica},\n\tauthor = {Naniwadekar, Rohit and Rathore, Akanksha and Shukla, Ushma and Datta, Aparajita},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/btp.13039},\n\tkeywords = {GPS telemetry, frugivory, north-east India, seed dispersal distance},\n\tpages = {1315--1319},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Spatial distribution and temporal patterns of food tree availability of hornbills (Bucerotidae) at Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fitriansyah, R. A.; Setiawan, A.; Rustiati, E. L.; Utoyo, L.; and Sibarani, M. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(4). April 2022.\n Number: 4\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Spatial$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{fitriansyah_spatial_2022,\n\ttitle = {Spatial distribution and temporal patterns of food tree availability of hornbills ({Bucerotidae}) at {Way} {Canguk} {Research} {Station}, {Bukit} {Barisan} {Selatan} {National} {Park}, {Indonesia}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2022 Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity},\n\tissn = {2085-4722},\n\turl = {https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/10542},\n\tdoi = {10.13057/biodiv/d230433},\n\tabstract = {Abstract. Fitriansyah RA, Setiawan A, Rustiati EL, Utoyo L, Sibarani MC. 2022. Spatial distribution and temporal patterns of food tree availability of hornbills (Bucerotidae) at Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1990-1997. The presence of hornbills in an area is associated with food availability. As more food sources become available, the hornbill population in the area may increase. The purpose of this research was to determine the spatial distribution of hornbill food trees and to determine the long-term temporal fruiting pattern of hornbill food trees at Way Canguk Research Station (WCRS), Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia. We surveyed vegetation plots across the research station to assess the spatial distribution and analyzed long-term phenology survey data of the research station that have been collected from February 1998 to December 2020. We recorded 64 species of hornbill food trees with a total of 911 individuals in 197 of 200 survey plots. The temporal fruiting pattern of hornbill food trees during the last 22 years was relatively stable, with an average of fruiting tree percentage of 10.4\\% (SD: 3.2\\%, N: 260 months). The highest percentage of fruiting food trees occurred in September 2008, which amounted to 18.3\\% and the lowest percentage occurred in September 1998 with a percentage of 2.2\\%.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity},\n\tauthor = {Fitriansyah, Rizki Akbar and Setiawan, Agus and Rustiati, Elly Lestari and Utoyo, Laji and Sibarani, Marsya Christyanti},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Number: 4},\n\tkeywords = {Ficus spp., food trees, frugivorous animals, hornbill, plant phenology},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Assessing the spontaneous use of human-given cues in ground-hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Danel, S.; Rebout, N.; and Kemp, L. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Behavioural Processes, 199: 104659. June 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Assessing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{danel_assessing_2022,\n\ttitle = {Assessing the spontaneous use of human-given cues in ground-hornbills},\n\tvolume = {199},\n\tissn = {0376-6357},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635722000766},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104659},\n\tabstract = {A wide range of species relies on heterospecific visual cues to detect the location of resources like food. Although different hypotheses have been suggested to explain the emergence of this capacity in animals, results are often difficult to interpret due to the influence of other factors, such as close contact with humans. In this study, we presented eight Southern ground-hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri) with a two-way object-choice paradigm. The human experimenter provided a static and salient cue indicating which of the two containers was baited in four experimental conditions: (a) Touch, (b) Head, (c) Point + Head, and (d) Point. In an additional control condition (no cues given), we assessed whether subjects relied on olfactory cues to solve the task. Overall, our subjects did not spontaneously use human-given cues and their performance fluctuated near chance during the control condition. Noteworthy, most birds exhibited a side bias towards one container. We do not exclude the possibility that this species may be capable of using other cue types, or learning to use cues, after long interaction with humans is provided.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Behavioural Processes},\n\tauthor = {Danel, Samara and Rebout, Nancy and Kemp, Lucy Valeska},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Ground-hornbill, Human-given cues, Object-choice task, Side bias},\n\tpages = {104659},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Forest-dependent bird communities of West African cocoa agroforests are influenced by landscape context and local habitat management.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sanderson, F. J.; Donald, P. F.; Schofield, A.; Dauda, P.; Bannah, D.; Senesie, A.; Konneh, M. S.; Swinfield, T. W.; and Hulme, M. F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 328: 107848. April 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Forest-dependent$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{sanderson_forest-dependent_2022,\n\ttitle = {Forest-dependent bird communities of {West} {African} cocoa agroforests are influenced by landscape context and local habitat management},\n\tvolume = {328},\n\tissn = {0167-8809},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880921005521},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.agee.2021.107848},\n\tabstract = {We undertook nearly 300 point counts of birds in cocoa plantations around Gola Rainforest National Park, eastern Sierra Leone, to assess how their vegetation structure, management and landscape context influence bird communities and the distribution of four globally threatened or forest-restricted species. Forest bird species richness, and the occurrence of Yellow-casqued Hornbill (Ceratogymna elata), were higher in abandoned than in actively managed cocoa farms. Yellow-casqued Hornbill presence was also associated with higher canopy volume and Brown-cheeked Hornbill (Bycanistes cylindricus) was associated with greater forest cover in the surrounding landscape. Overall forest bird species richness was associated with the interaction between canopy volume and proportion of forest in the surrounding landscape. Our results indicate that where forest cover is low in the landscape, low-intensity cocoa agroforestry can provide compensatory habitat for forest bird species, but when forest cover is high, cocoa that is more forest-like in structure may not lead to increased bird species richness, although it may benefit certain species. Most habitat structure variables, other than canopy volume and openness of understorey, were poor predictors of most of the variables analysed, suggesting that within the narrow range of observed production intensity, management has little impact on bird communities once productivity increases above zero by rehabilitating abandoned farms. However, over 60\\% of the species recorded and over half of all recorded detections were of biome-restricted species, suggesting that low-intensity cocoa plantations hold considerable conservation value. Changes in cocoa management may therefore impact those species.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \\& Environment},\n\tauthor = {Sanderson, F. J. and Donald, P. F. and Schofield, A. and Dauda, P. and Bannah, D. and Senesie, A. and Konneh, M. S. and Swinfield, T. W. and Hulme, M. F.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Agroforestry, Cacao, Protected areas, Tropical rainforest},\n\tpages = {107848},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Editorial: Avian behavioral and physiological responses to challenging thermal environments and extreme weather events.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Swanson, D. L.; Vézina, F.; McKechnie, A. E.; and Nord, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10. September 2022.\n Publisher: Frontiers\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Editorial:$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{swanson_editorial_2022,\n\ttitle = {Editorial: {Avian} behavioral and physiological responses to challenging thermal environments and extreme weather events},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {2296-701X},\n\tshorttitle = {Editorial},\n\turl = {https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/ecology-and-evolution/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.1034659/full},\n\tdoi = {10.3389/fevo.2022.1034659},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},\n\tauthor = {Swanson, David L. and Vézina, François and McKechnie, Andrew E. and Nord, Andreas},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Frontiers},\n\tkeywords = {Birds, Evaporative cooling, Phenotypic flexibility, cold tolerance, heat tolerance, thermoregulation},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2021\n \n \n (12)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Observations of nesting strategies of three African hornbill species.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Van de Ven, T.; Engelbrecht, D.; and Stander, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Hornbill Natural History & Conservation, 2: 14–23. July 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{van_de_ven_observations_2021,\n\ttitle = {Observations of nesting strategies of three {African} hornbill species},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tabstract = {Rainfall is known to be a determining factor for the onset of avian breeding in semi-arid regions due to its positive effect on food availability. The effect of rainfall as a cue for timing of breeding as well as the nesting success (clutch size, hatching rate and number of successful fledglings) was investigated among three sympatric hornbill species: African Grey Horn-bill (AGH) Lophoceros nasutus, Southern Red-billed Hornbill (SRH) Tockus rufirostris, and Southern Yellow billed Hornbill (SYH) T. leucomelas breeding in nest boxes in a private nature reserve in a semi-arid region of South Africa. The first ecologically relevant rainfall ({\\textgreater}10 mm) preceded the initiation of breeding in all three species. The AGH and SYH were the first species to start breeding, followed by the SRH. We monitored 28 nesting attempts by hornbills during the breeding season of 2019/2020. All three species showed hatching rates higher than 70\\% with the SYH having the highest (85\\%). All nesting attempts of the AGH (n = 6) and SYH (n = 7) were successful resulting in at least one successfully fledged chick, while seven of the 15 nesting attempts by SRH failed. Rainfall and subsequent food availability were prox-imate factors associated with the onset of breeding and nesting success of all three hornbill species. The effects of changes in temporal and spatial patterns of rainfall linked to climate change on breeding initiation and nesting success of birds should be closely monitored to identify potential negative effects on population persistence.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Hornbill Natural History \\& Conservation},\n\tauthor = {Van de Ven, Tanja and Engelbrecht, Derek and Stander, Margaretha},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {14--23},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Lessons learnt from the reintroduction of long-lived, cooperatively breeding southern ground-hornbills in South Africa.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, L.; and Alexander, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Global conservation translocation perspectives: 2021. Case studies from around the globe, pages 118–122. IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, Environment Agency, January 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@incollection{kemp_lessons_2021,\n\ttitle = {Lessons learnt from the reintroduction of long-lived, cooperatively breeding southern ground-hornbills in {South} {Africa}},\n\tabstract = {The Southern ground-hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri), which is the largest cooperatively breeding bird, is listed as Vulnerable globally and Endangered in South Africa. It occurs from southern Kenya, to the Eastern Cape province in South Africa. Reintroduction protocols used in South Africa can be applied throughout the species range, and to the species congener, the Northern/ Abyssinian ground-hornbill (Bucorvus abyssinicus). A specialized captive rearing center has been built to ensure that the redundant, second-hatched, wild chicks harvested for the reintroduction program have optimal physiological attributes and behavioral skills to survive and reproduce post-reintroduction. Juvenile males identified for reintroduction must go through a minimum of three years in a wild group, called a ‘bush-school’ where wild-experienced group members mentor them in survival skills. They are then paired with a naive female mate to form a new breeding group, and additional helpers are added to the group annually for mentoring until the group successfully begins to breed.},\n\tbooktitle = {Global conservation translocation perspectives: 2021. {Case} studies from around the globe},\n\tpublisher = {IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, Environment Agency},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Lucy and Alexander, Jarryd},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {118--122},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Validation of a non-invasive technique for quantifying a stress-associated biomarker in a southern African hornbill.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bouwer, M.; Ngcamphalala, C. A.; Ganswindt, A.; and McKechnie, A. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Ornithology, 162(2): 615–619. April 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Validation$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{bouwer_validation_2021,\n\ttitle = {Validation of a non-invasive technique for quantifying a stress-associated biomarker in a southern {African} hornbill},\n\tvolume = {162},\n\tissn = {2193-7192, 2193-7206},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10336-021-01861-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10336-021-01861-5},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Ornithology},\n\tauthor = {Bouwer, Michelle and Ngcamphalala, Celiwe A. and Ganswindt, André and McKechnie, Andrew E.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {615--619},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n How hornbills handle heat: sex-specific thermoregulation in the southern yellow-billed hornbill.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n van Jaarsveld, B.; Bennett, N. C.; Czenze, Z. J.; Kemp, R.; van de Ven, T. M. F. N.; Cunningham, S. J.; and McKechnie, A. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Experimental Biology, 224(4): jeb232777. February 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"How$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{van_jaarsveld_how_2021,\n\ttitle = {How hornbills handle heat: sex-specific thermoregulation in the southern yellow-billed hornbill},\n\tvolume = {224},\n\tissn = {0022-0949},\n\tshorttitle = {How hornbills handle heat},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.232777},\n\tdoi = {10.1242/jeb.232777},\n\tabstract = {At a global scale, thermal physiology is correlated with climatic variables such as temperature and aridity. There is also evidence that thermoregulatory traits vary with fine-scale microclimate, but this has received less attention in endotherms. Here, we test the hypothesis that avian thermoregulation varies with microclimate and behavioural constraints in a non-passerine bird. Male and female southern yellow-billed hornbills (Tockus leucomelas) experience markedly different microclimates while breeding, with the female sealing herself into a tree cavity and moulting all her flight feathers during the breeding attempt, becoming entirely reliant on the male for provisioning. We examined interactions between resting metabolic rate (RMR), evaporative water loss (EWL) and core body temperature (Tb) at air temperatures (Ta) between 30°C and 52°C in male and female hornbills, and quantified evaporative cooling efficiencies and heat tolerance limits. At thermoneutral Ta, neither RMR, EWL nor Tb differed between sexes. At Ta \\&gt;40°C, however, RMR and EWL of females were significantly lower than those of males, by ∼13\\% and ∼17\\%, respectively, despite similar relationships between Tb and Ta, maximum ratio of evaporative heat loss to metabolic heat production and heat tolerance limits (∼50°C). These sex-specific differences in hornbill thermoregulation support the hypothesis that avian thermal physiology can vary within species in response to fine-scale microclimatic factors. In addition, Q10 for RMR varied substantially, with Q10 ≤2 in some individuals, supporting recent arguments that active metabolic suppression may be an underappreciated aspect of endotherm thermoregulation in the heat.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},\n\tauthor = {van Jaarsveld, Barry and Bennett, Nigel C. and Czenze, Zenon J. and Kemp, Ryno and van de Ven, Tanja M. F. N. and Cunningham, Susan J. and McKechnie, Andrew E.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {jeb232777},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Endocrine correlates of gender and throat coloration in the southern ground-hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scheun, J.; Neller, S.; Bennett, N. C.; Kemp, L. V.; and Ganswindt, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Integrative Zoology, 16(2): 189–201. 2021.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1749-4877.12478\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Endocrine$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{scheun_endocrine_2021,\n\ttitle = {Endocrine correlates of gender and throat coloration in the southern ground-hornbill ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri)},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tcopyright = {© 2020 International Society of Zoological Sciences, Institute of Zoology/Chinese Academy of Sciences and John Wiley \\& Sons Australia, Ltd.},\n\tissn = {1749-4877},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1749-4877.12478},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/1749-4877.12478},\n\tabstract = {The southern ground-hornbill (SGH) is a cooperatively breeding bird endemic to eastern and southern Africa, but is endangered in its southern distributional range. The national conservation restoration program harvests redundant chicks for captive breeding and reintroduction; with sexing and social grouping of the species evaluated by throat-skin coloration, with adult males displaying a completely red color compared to dark blue within the red observed in adult females. However, recent findings indicate that dominant and subordinate adult males exhibit patches of blue throat-skin. To optimize SGH management practices, it is vital to determine the role of red and blue coloration, as well as the possible drivers thereof. As a prerequisite, an enzyme immunoassay for monitoring fecal androgen metabolite (fAM) concentrations in SGH was established. Following this, fresh fecal samples were collected from 78 SGH, of various demographics and origin, across 12 captive institutions, to determine whether fAM concentrations differ between blue (B), partially blue (sB), and fully red (R) throat-skin colored SGH. Furthermore, fAM concentrations were compared between males housed in different social groups of different age and sex classes. Individual median fAM concentrations of B, sB, and R adult males did not differ significantly but were considerably higher in B and sB males compared to R males. Social dynamics within captivity, for example, dominance, played no role as a driver of male gonadal activity or throat skin coloration. The results of the study indicate that androgens and apparent social dynamics are not primary determinants of throat coloration in male SGH.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Integrative Zoology},\n\tauthor = {Scheun, Juan and Neller, Sophie and Bennett, Nigel C. and Kemp, Lucy V. and Ganswindt, Andre},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1749-4877.12478},\n\tkeywords = {coloration, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, non-invasive, southern ground-hornbill, validation},\n\tpages = {189--201},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Is the protected area coverage still relevant in protecting the Southern Ground-hornbill ( Bucorvus leadbeateri ) biological niche in Zimbabwe? Perspectives from ecological predictions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mudereri, B. T.; Chitata, T.; Chemura, A.; Makaure, J.; Mukanga, C.; and Abdel-Rahman, E. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n GIScience & Remote Sensing, 58(3): 405–424. April 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Is$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{mudereri_is_2021,\n\ttitle = {Is the protected area coverage still relevant in protecting the {Southern} {Ground}-hornbill ( \\textit{{Bucorvus} leadbeateri} ) biological niche in {Zimbabwe}? {Perspectives} from ecological predictions},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {1548-1603, 1943-7226},\n\tshorttitle = {Is the protected area coverage still relevant in protecting the {Southern} {Ground}-hornbill ( \\textit{{Bucorvus} leadbeateri} ) biological niche in {Zimbabwe}?},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15481603.2021.1883947},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/15481603.2021.1883947},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {GIScience \\& Remote Sensing},\n\tauthor = {Mudereri, Bester Tawona and Chitata, Tavengwa and Chemura, Abel and Makaure, Joseph and Mukanga, Concilia and Abdel-Rahman, Elfatih M.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Biogeography, climate change, ecological niche, landscape conservation, machine learning, protected area, protection status},\n\tpages = {405--424},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bucerotidae from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda (East Africa): the earliest hornbill with a modern‐type beak.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Riamon, S.; Pickford, M.; Senut, B.; and Louchart, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ibis, 163(2): 715–721. April 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Bucerotidae$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{riamon_bucerotidae_2021,\n\ttitle = {Bucerotidae from the early {Miocene} of {Napak}, {Uganda} ({East} {Africa}): the earliest hornbill with a modern‐type beak},\n\tvolume = {163},\n\tissn = {0019-1019, 1474-919X},\n\tshorttitle = {Bucerotidae from the early {Miocene} of {Napak}, {Uganda} ({East} {Africa})},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ibi.12907},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/ibi.12907},\n\tabstract = {Hornbills (Bucorvidae and Bucerotidae) are among the most recognizable groups of birds. Their large, curved beak topped by a casque is their most obvious feature. Here, we describe the earliest fossil of a hornbill, and more precisely a Bucerotidae, from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda. This fossil is a proximal part of a maxilla that can be tentatively assigned to the genus\n              Tockus\n              and which attests to an ancient evolutionary origin of this particular beak shape. The new fossil, as well as several postcranial bones, represents the earliest record of the Bucerotidae dated to about 19 million years ago, and can serve as a calibration point in future molecular phylogenies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Ibis},\n\tauthor = {Riamon, Ségolène and Pickford, Martin and Senut, Brigitte and Louchart, Antoine},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Bucerotiformes, Tockus, casque, evolution, fossil},\n\tpages = {715--721},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Using Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Seasonal Prediction and Adapting to Climate Change Impacts in Bikita District in Zimbabwe.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mafongoya, O.; Mafongoya, P. L.; and Mudhara, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Oriental Anthropologist, 21(1): 195–209. June 2021.\n Publisher: SAGE Publications India\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Using$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{mafongoya_using_2021,\n\ttitle = {Using {Indigenous} {Knowledge} {Systems} in {Seasonal} {Prediction} and {Adapting} to {Climate} {Change} {Impacts} in {Bikita} {District} in {Zimbabwe}},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tissn = {0972-558X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0972558X21997662},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0972558X21997662},\n\tabstract = {The use of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) in seasonal forecasting and adaptation to devastating vagaries of climate change has gained attention in academic discourses. The debates opened contrasting views with the first over-romanticizing IKS’ potentials, while the other arguing that it has many setbacks. In this study, we interrogated IKS’ roles in seasonal forecasting and chances of informing adaptation among poorly resourced smallholder farmers in ward 24, Bikita. Using focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and key informant interviews, we identified diverse indigenous indicators and interrogated how they subsequently inform adaptation. We noted that IKS is important in providing seasonal forecasting information, which is critical in making decisions in planning, designing cropping calendars, offering early warnings, as well informing preparedness against disasters. However, we also noted that IKS is under threat from Western education, Christianity, scientific seasonal forecasting (SSF), and climate change. These factors are challenging and reducing IKS’ reliability and hence increasing its susceptibility to disappearance. We concluded that IKS can be resuscitated if included in science education and policy frameworks. We recommended governments to formulate policy frameworks, which allow it to work well with SSF in reducing poorly resourced smallholder farmers’ vulnerability to climate change disasters.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {The Oriental Anthropologist},\n\tauthor = {Mafongoya, Owen and Mafongoya, Paramu Leslie and Mudhara, Maxwell},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications India},\n\tpages = {195--209},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Exploration of human-bird relationships: Oromo proverbs associated with the Northern Ground-hornbill in Ethiopia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Asefa, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 4(1): 100162. January 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Exploration$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{asefa_exploration_2021,\n\ttitle = {Exploration of human-bird relationships: {Oromo} proverbs associated with the {Northern} {Ground}-hornbill in {Ethiopia}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {2590-2911},\n\tshorttitle = {Exploration of human-bird relationships},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291121000589},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100162},\n\tabstract = {Knowledge and understanding about the cultural values of animal species aids to make informed conservation decisions. However, such information is lacking for many species globally due to resource constraints to collect ethno-biological data using traditional ethnographic survey approaches. In this study, a netnography research approach was employed to identify and interpret the meanings and sociocultural functions of Ethiopian Oromo society's proverbs associated with different features of the Northern Ground-hornbill (Bucorvus abyssinicus), a vulnerable bird species. On 19 March 2019, a photo of the Northern Ground-hornbill and textual questions asking the local name and Oromo proverbs associated with the bird was posted on a popular Facebook community page, which then was shared by 261 Facebook users during the data collection period. Data used for this study were therefore text comments posted by Facebook users in response to this post. Data collection involved both observation and participation techniques. In total, 332 distinct text comment posts from 59 Facebook pages (229 comments from the original page post and 93 from 58 Facebook pages who shared the original post) were downloaded on 27 December 2019 and analysed. A thematic content analysis approach was applied to code and categorize the important concepts elucidating proverbial uses associated with the bird. Then, hermeneutic interpretive approach was followed to interpret the meanings and functions of the proverbs identified. In total, 16 Oromo proverbs associated with four Hornbill's features (call, social interaction, habit and morphology) were identified and described. The proverbs appeared to have significant sociocultural functions, such as reflecting Oromo customary practices; correcting misbehaviour/malpractices and settlement of disagreements; and reinforcement of solidarity and tolerances. These findings suggest that the Hornbill is a culturally significant bird species to the Oromo society where proverbs related to the species are used in constructing healthy social relationships. In conclusion, results of this study contribute to our understanding of the strong links existing between humans and their local biodiversity and the ways in which humans use a bird species' traits in their daily communications.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Social Sciences \\& Humanities Open},\n\tauthor = {Asefa, Addisu},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Animal proverbs, Bucorvus abyssinicus, Facebook, Netnography, Oromo gada system, Social media},\n\tpages = {100162},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n Knowledge and understanding about the cultural values of animal species aids to make informed conservation decisions. However, such information is lacking for many species globally due to resource constraints to collect ethno-biological data using traditional ethnographic survey approaches. In this study, a netnography research approach was employed to identify and interpret the meanings and sociocultural functions of Ethiopian Oromo society's proverbs associated with different features of the Northern Ground-hornbill (Bucorvus abyssinicus), a vulnerable bird species. On 19 March 2019, a photo of the Northern Ground-hornbill and textual questions asking the local name and Oromo proverbs associated with the bird was posted on a popular Facebook community page, which then was shared by 261 Facebook users during the data collection period. Data used for this study were therefore text comments posted by Facebook users in response to this post. Data collection involved both observation and participation techniques. In total, 332 distinct text comment posts from 59 Facebook pages (229 comments from the original page post and 93 from 58 Facebook pages who shared the original post) were downloaded on 27 December 2019 and analysed. A thematic content analysis approach was applied to code and categorize the important concepts elucidating proverbial uses associated with the bird. Then, hermeneutic interpretive approach was followed to interpret the meanings and functions of the proverbs identified. In total, 16 Oromo proverbs associated with four Hornbill's features (call, social interaction, habit and morphology) were identified and described. The proverbs appeared to have significant sociocultural functions, such as reflecting Oromo customary practices; correcting misbehaviour/malpractices and settlement of disagreements; and reinforcement of solidarity and tolerances. These findings suggest that the Hornbill is a culturally significant bird species to the Oromo society where proverbs related to the species are used in constructing healthy social relationships. In conclusion, results of this study contribute to our understanding of the strong links existing between humans and their local biodiversity and the ways in which humans use a bird species' traits in their daily communications.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Investigating the Effect of Enrichment on the Behavior of Zoo-Housed Southern Ground Hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brereton, J. E.; Myhill, M. N. G.; and Shora, J. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens, 2(4): 600–609. December 2021.\n Number: 4 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Investigating$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{brereton_investigating_2021,\n\ttitle = {Investigating the {Effect} of {Enrichment} on the {Behavior} of {Zoo}-{Housed} {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbills}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {2673-5636},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5636/2/4/43},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/jzbg2040043},\n\tabstract = {Enrichment is essential for the welfare of many zoo-housed animals, yet the value of enrichment is not well understood for all taxa. As an intelligent, long-lived species, the southern ground hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) is a good model for enrichment research. A pair of southern ground hornbills, housed at Beale Wildlife Park and Gardens, were observed during study periods in 2014, 2018, and 2019. Three types of enrichment were provided for the birds; these enrichment types were developed based on information on the habits of the species as found in natural history papers. The enrichment types consisted of a pile of twigs, small animal carcasses, and plastic mirrors. Overall, the carcass feeds and the mirrors resulted in the greatest changes in behavior, with hornbills engaging in long periods of food manipulation with carcasses. For the mirror condition, hornbills spent time stalking around and pecking at mirrors, similar to the ‘window smashing’ behavior seen in wild hornbills. Overall, the research suggests that not only can enrichment modify the behavior of southern ground hornbills, but non-nutritional enrichment may be equally valuable to the animals. Natural history papers may have some value in inspiring novel enrichment items for zoo-housed animals.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens},\n\tauthor = {Brereton, James Edward and Myhill, Mark Nigel Geoffrey and Shora, James Ali},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 4\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {\\textit{Bucerotidae}, \\textit{Bucovus leadbeateri}, carcass feeding, mirror, spread of participation index},\n\tpages = {600--609},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science-based, stakeholder-inclusive and participatory conservation planning helps reverse the decline of threatened species.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lees, C. M.; Rutschmann, A.; Santure, A. W.; and Beggs, J. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biological Conservation, 260: 109194. August 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Science-based,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{lees_science-based_2021,\n\ttitle = {Science-based, stakeholder-inclusive and participatory conservation planning helps reverse the decline of threatened species},\n\tvolume = {260},\n\tissn = {0006-3207},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320721002469},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109194},\n\tabstract = {Reversing the decline of threatened species is a target for the Convention on Biological Diversity but current efforts are failing. An integrative, multi-stakeholder approach to species conservation planning, which includes population viability analyses and both in situ and ex situ management consideration, could improve outcomes for some of the most challenging cases. The IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) uses such a planning approach, however, evidence of improved outcomes for species has to date been anecdotal. To assess the impact of planning, we accessed 35 species conservation plans completed in 23 countries over 13 years from the IUCN SSC database and matched them with independently generated Red List assessments of extinction risk. We used the Red List Index and a counterfactual approach, comparing the overall predicted extinction trend without planning with the observed trend after planning. Post-planning, threatened species declines continued, but gradually slowed, and then reversed, with an upward trend of recovery within 15 years. No species became extinct. Simulated counterfactual projections indicated outcomes would have been worse without the planning intervention; around eight species would have become extinct over that timeframe. To date, this planning approach has been applied to relatively high-profile species facing multiple threats, and where conflicting views, uncertainty, or lack of coordination among stakeholders constrain action. Opportunities to broaden application to other taxa are discussed. Our study provides evidence that science-based, participatory approaches to planning can create a turning point for threatened species by supporting stakeholders to transition quickly to more effective ways of working together.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Biological Conservation},\n\tauthor = {Lees, C. M. and Rutschmann, A. and Santure, A. W. and Beggs, J. R.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Aichi Target 12, Conservation impact, Counterfactual, Population Viability Analysis, Red List Index, Stakeholder, Threatened species},\n\tpages = {109194},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Oromo Folklore Manifested through Features of the Northern Ground-Hornbill in Ethiopia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Asefa, A.; and Debella, H. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ethiopian Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(2): 1–24. 2021.\n Number: 2\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Oromo$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{asefa_oromo_2021,\n\ttitle = {Oromo {Folklore} {Manifested} through {Features} of the {Northern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} in {Ethiopia}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 0},\n\tissn = {2520-582X},\n\turl = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejossah/article/view/224873},\n\tabstract = {Human cultures are co-evolved in association with attributes of biodiversity. This suggests that loss of a given species results in corresponding loss of cultural practices associated with that species. Consequently, it has been advocated for inclusion of cultural dimension of biodiversity to biodiversity conservation initiatives. However, studies investigating such human-animal interactions have been scanty. The objective of this article was to identify and interpret Oromo society’s oral folklore manifested through various features of the Northern Ground-Hornbill (NGH; Bucorvus abyssinicus) in Ethiopia. Data were obtained from social media text posts on a Facebook community page in response to a post of questions asking the name and cultural values of the NGH. A qualitative, thematic content analysis approach was used for data analysis. Three main themes (oral folklore genres) were emerged from the data that elucidated the uses of NGH in oral literature: poetry, fable story and children word game. A total of 12 oral folklore taxonomies (7 poems, 4 stories, and 1 children word game) were identified and described. The results showed that Oromo people use oral poetry related to the birds in their day-to-day life activities to express their beliefs, attitudes, feelings and other communal affairs. Oromo people also deliver, through fable stories, important lessons about life, nature, love, friendship, heroism, and morality. These findings demonstrate that NGH has significant cultural values to the Oromo society.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Ethiopian Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities},\n\tauthor = {Asefa, Addisu and Debella, Habte Jebessa},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 2},\n\tkeywords = {Bucorvus abyssinicus, Gada system, Northern Ground-Hornbill, Oromo, Waaqeffannaa, birds, conservation, oral folklore},\n\tpages = {1--24},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Conservation initiatives of Hornbills in Tamenglong & Noney Districts.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Singh, K. H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n . January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Conservation$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{singh_conservation_2020,\n\ttitle = {Conservation initiatives of {Hornbills} in {Tamenglong} \\&amp; {Noney} {Districts}.},\n\turl = {https://www.academia.edu/41640013/Conservation_initiatives_of_Hornbills_in_Tamenglong_and_Noney_Districts},\n\tabstract = {Conservation initiatives of Hornbills in Tamenglong \\& Noney Districts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-07},\n\tauthor = {Singh, Kharibam Hitler},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Morphology of the Southern Ground-Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) gastro-intestinal tract.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Naude, A. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pretoria, Onder, 2020.\n Accepted: 2022-01-12T06:01:12Z Publisher: University of Pretoria\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Morphology$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{naude_morphology_2020,\n\taddress = {Onder},\n\ttype = {({MSc} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Morphology of the {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri) gastro-intestinal tract},\n\tcopyright = {© 2021 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria.},\n\turl = {https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/83276},\n\tabstract = {The Southern Ground-Hornbill (SGH) is the largest bird species that breeds\ncooperatively and the only entirely carnivorous hornbill. Currently, there are only an\nestimated 417 breeding groups in South Africa. As the bird is an obligatory carnivore\nthe gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) may display specific adaptations which could be of\nsignificance in the husbandry of this endangered species. Factors that contribute to\nunnatural mortality in SGH’s in South Africa are poisoning, both primary and\nsecondary; electrocution on transformer boxes; shooting; and illegal capture for trade.\nAn undescribed threat is lead contamination of hunting offal from the use of lead-based\nammunition as well as object ingestion as the SGH is a non-discriminate eater in the\nwild as well as in captivity. Carnivorous bird species have important gastrointestinal differences in anatomy, physiology, nutrition, and disease etiologies that greatly affect\nthe success of medical and surgical intervention during gastrointestinal diseases.\nNine adult SGH’s, of either sex, which succumbed due to natural causes, unknown\ncauses, attack from other birds, euthanasia for humane reasons or untreatable\nconditions and management reasons (usually reproductive failure) were used in this\nstudy. Deceased birds were from Mabula Ground Hornbill project (Bela-Bela,\nLimpopo, South-Africa) and were transported to the Faculty of Veterinary Science for\npost-mortem examination. After the latter, the GIT with the liver, pancreas and spleen,\nwere removed and immersion-fixed in 10\\% neutral-buffered formalin. In some\ninstances, not all parts of the digestive tract were included in the study due to obvious\npathology. The hollow organs were cut longitudinally to reveal and describe the inner\nsurfaces. The topography of the organs was described and captured during postmortem\nexaminations with a Go-pro HERO 7 action camera (American technology)\nand a Samsung A51 smartphone (Samsung electronics, South Africa). The\nterminology used in this study is that of Nomina Anatomica Avium (Baumel, 1993).\nAfter the gross description, samples for histology from the various sections of the GIT\nwere taken, dehydrated and there after processed through 50:50 ethanol: xylol, 2X\nxylol and 2X paraffin wax using a Shandon model 2LE Automatic Tissue Processor.\nTissue samples were then manually imbedded in paraffin wax in plastic moulds.\nSections were cut at 3-5 μm and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H\\&E), Peroidic\nPeriodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s Trichrome.\nThe most notable organ from ventral view was the ventriculus situated between the\ntwo liver lobes. The coelom cavity is divided into cavities, cranial to caudal consist of\na pericardial cavity (Cavum pericardii), four hepatic peritoneal cavities (Cavitas\nperitonealis hepatica), and an intestinal peritoneal cavity (Cavitas peritonealis intestinalis). The proventriculus is situated in the left Cavitas peritonealis hepatica\ndorsalis, the ventriculus is situated in the left Cavitas peritonealis hepatica ventralis,\nthe intestine in the Cavitas peritonealis intestinalis and the liver in the left and right\nCavitas peritonealis hepatica ventralis and Cavitas peritonealis hepatica dorsalis. The\nfour Cavitas peritonealis hepatica are bounded caudally by the transversely oriented\nSeptum posthepaticum and separates the Cavitas peritonealis hepatica from the\nCavum intestinale peritonei. The proventriculus was small and the ventriculus large.\nLow longitudinal folds were present on the luminal surface allowing for distention, for\nlarge prey to move through. Gll. proventriculares profundae were visible\nmacroscopically in the wall of the proventriculus and formed the main feature on the\ncut surface. Some of the glands emptied into the cranial aspect of the ventriculus and\nwere more concentrated on the dorsal aspect, the Zona intermedia gastris. The\nproventriculus was seperated from the ventriculus by the Isthmus gastris. The large\nventriculus displayed prominent longitudinal folds on the dorsal surface that ran\nperpendicular to the ventriculo-duodenal opening on the luminal surface and\ncircumferentially around the Centrum tendineum. The pylorus was on the right lateral\naspect of the ventriculus and was represented by the slit-like ventriculo-duodenal\nopening. The intestine consist of the duodnenum, jejunum, ileum and the large\nintestine, or the rectum. There is a total of 5 loops comprising the small intestine. The\nFlexura duodenojejunalis marked the transition from the duodenum to the jejunum.\nThe point where the last branch of the cranial mesenteric artery supplied the small\nintestine marked the transition from the jejunum to the ileum, no Meckel’s diverticulum\nwas present in order to identify this transition. The rectum was short and straight and\nslightly larger in diameter than the ileum. Ceacae were not observed. The pancreas\nwas situated in the Ligamentum pancreaticoduodenale, between the descending and\nascending duodenum, or the Ansa duodenalis. It was composed of three lobes, the\ndorsal lobe (Lobus pancreaticus dorsalis), the ventral lobe (Lobus pancreaticus ventralis) and the splenic lobe (Lobus pancreaticus splenalis). The Ductus\npancreaticus ventralis, Ductus pancreaticus dorsalis and Ductus pancreaticus\naccessorius, were identified and drained into the ascending duodenum at the\nduodenal papilla, at the point where the bile ducts entered the ascending duodenum.\nThe liver was large, with a smaller left lobe (Lobus hepaticus sinister) and a larger right\nlobe (Lobus hepaticus dexter). The two lobes were separated caudally by a complete\ndeep, median, caudal interlobular incisure (Incisura interlobaris caudalis) and\nconnected by the Pars interlobaris. Various organs made impressions on the liver.\nTwo bile ducts were present, the Ductus hepatoentericus communis and the Ductus\ncysticoentericus.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tschool = {University of Pretoria},\n\tauthor = {Naude, Anel Delene},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Accepted: 2022-01-12T06:01:12Z\nPublisher: University of Pretoria},\n}\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n The Southern Ground-Hornbill (SGH) is the largest bird species that breeds cooperatively and the only entirely carnivorous hornbill. Currently, there are only an estimated 417 breeding groups in South Africa. As the bird is an obligatory carnivore the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) may display specific adaptations which could be of significance in the husbandry of this endangered species. Factors that contribute to unnatural mortality in SGH’s in South Africa are poisoning, both primary and secondary; electrocution on transformer boxes; shooting; and illegal capture for trade. An undescribed threat is lead contamination of hunting offal from the use of lead-based ammunition as well as object ingestion as the SGH is a non-discriminate eater in the wild as well as in captivity. Carnivorous bird species have important gastrointestinal differences in anatomy, physiology, nutrition, and disease etiologies that greatly affect the success of medical and surgical intervention during gastrointestinal diseases. Nine adult SGH’s, of either sex, which succumbed due to natural causes, unknown causes, attack from other birds, euthanasia for humane reasons or untreatable conditions and management reasons (usually reproductive failure) were used in this study. Deceased birds were from Mabula Ground Hornbill project (Bela-Bela, Limpopo, South-Africa) and were transported to the Faculty of Veterinary Science for post-mortem examination. After the latter, the GIT with the liver, pancreas and spleen, were removed and immersion-fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. In some instances, not all parts of the digestive tract were included in the study due to obvious pathology. The hollow organs were cut longitudinally to reveal and describe the inner surfaces. The topography of the organs was described and captured during postmortem examinations with a Go-pro HERO 7 action camera (American technology) and a Samsung A51 smartphone (Samsung electronics, South Africa). The terminology used in this study is that of Nomina Anatomica Avium (Baumel, 1993). After the gross description, samples for histology from the various sections of the GIT were taken, dehydrated and there after processed through 50:50 ethanol: xylol, 2X xylol and 2X paraffin wax using a Shandon model 2LE Automatic Tissue Processor. Tissue samples were then manually imbedded in paraffin wax in plastic moulds. Sections were cut at 3-5 μm and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Peroidic Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s Trichrome. The most notable organ from ventral view was the ventriculus situated between the two liver lobes. The coelom cavity is divided into cavities, cranial to caudal consist of a pericardial cavity (Cavum pericardii), four hepatic peritoneal cavities (Cavitas peritonealis hepatica), and an intestinal peritoneal cavity (Cavitas peritonealis intestinalis). The proventriculus is situated in the left Cavitas peritonealis hepatica dorsalis, the ventriculus is situated in the left Cavitas peritonealis hepatica ventralis, the intestine in the Cavitas peritonealis intestinalis and the liver in the left and right Cavitas peritonealis hepatica ventralis and Cavitas peritonealis hepatica dorsalis. The four Cavitas peritonealis hepatica are bounded caudally by the transversely oriented Septum posthepaticum and separates the Cavitas peritonealis hepatica from the Cavum intestinale peritonei. The proventriculus was small and the ventriculus large. Low longitudinal folds were present on the luminal surface allowing for distention, for large prey to move through. Gll. proventriculares profundae were visible macroscopically in the wall of the proventriculus and formed the main feature on the cut surface. Some of the glands emptied into the cranial aspect of the ventriculus and were more concentrated on the dorsal aspect, the Zona intermedia gastris. The proventriculus was seperated from the ventriculus by the Isthmus gastris. The large ventriculus displayed prominent longitudinal folds on the dorsal surface that ran perpendicular to the ventriculo-duodenal opening on the luminal surface and circumferentially around the Centrum tendineum. The pylorus was on the right lateral aspect of the ventriculus and was represented by the slit-like ventriculo-duodenal opening. The intestine consist of the duodnenum, jejunum, ileum and the large intestine, or the rectum. There is a total of 5 loops comprising the small intestine. The Flexura duodenojejunalis marked the transition from the duodenum to the jejunum. The point where the last branch of the cranial mesenteric artery supplied the small intestine marked the transition from the jejunum to the ileum, no Meckel’s diverticulum was present in order to identify this transition. The rectum was short and straight and slightly larger in diameter than the ileum. Ceacae were not observed. The pancreas was situated in the Ligamentum pancreaticoduodenale, between the descending and ascending duodenum, or the Ansa duodenalis. It was composed of three lobes, the dorsal lobe (Lobus pancreaticus dorsalis), the ventral lobe (Lobus pancreaticus ventralis) and the splenic lobe (Lobus pancreaticus splenalis). The Ductus pancreaticus ventralis, Ductus pancreaticus dorsalis and Ductus pancreaticus accessorius, were identified and drained into the ascending duodenum at the duodenal papilla, at the point where the bile ducts entered the ascending duodenum. The liver was large, with a smaller left lobe (Lobus hepaticus sinister) and a larger right lobe (Lobus hepaticus dexter). The two lobes were separated caudally by a complete deep, median, caudal interlobular incisure (Incisura interlobaris caudalis) and connected by the Pars interlobaris. Various organs made impressions on the liver. Two bile ducts were present, the Ductus hepatoentericus communis and the Ductus cysticoentericus.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n African Gray Hornbill (Lophoceros nasutus), version 1.0.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.; and Boesman, P. F. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Birds of the World. 2020.\n Publisher: Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"African$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kemp_african_2020,\n\ttitle = {African {Gray} {Hornbill} ({Lophoceros} nasutus), version 1.0},\n\tissn = {2771-3105},\n\turl = {https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afghor1/cur/introduction},\n\tdoi = {10.2173/bow.afghor1.01species_shared.bow.project_name},\n\tabstract = {Species accounts for all the birds of the world.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-04},\n\tjournal = {Birds of the World},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Alan C. and Boesman, Peter F. D.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Immunogenicity of Newcastle Disease Vaccine in Southern Ground-hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koeppel, K. N.; Kemp, L. V.; Maartens, L. H.; and Thompson, P. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 34(3): 229–236. October 2020.\n Publisher: Association of Avian Veterinarians\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Immunogenicity$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{koeppel_immunogenicity_2020,\n\ttitle = {Immunogenicity of {Newcastle} {Disease} {Vaccine} in {Southern} {Ground}-hornbill ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri)},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tissn = {1082-6742, 1938-2871},\n\turl = {https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-avian-medicine-and-surgery/volume-34/issue-3/1082-6742-34.3.229/Immunogenicity-of-Newcastle-Disease-Vaccine-in-Southern-Ground-hornbill-Bucorvus/10.1647/1082-6742-34.3.229.full},\n\tdoi = {10.1647/1082-6742-34.3.229},\n\tabstract = {The southern ground-hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri; hereafter SGH) is endangered in South Africa, Namibia, and Swaziland. Through a conservation program established in South Africa by the Mabula Ground Hornbill Project, wild populations are being re-established by the reintroduction of captive-reared birds. The SGH is susceptible to infection with avian avulavirus 1, which causes Newcastle disease (ND). Four different vaccines to protect against ND were administered through various vaccination schedules and evaluated by serologic monitoring to assess the efficiency and safety of various combinations of vaccines (live versus inactivated/killed), vaccine strains (Ulster strain, live; Avivac Cellimune, live; VG/GA strain, live; and Avivac Struvac, killed), and administration routes (intraocular versus subcutaneous versus intramuscular injection versus oral). We vaccinated 75 individuals and evaluated antibody titers in 53 individuals (24 juveniles, 13 subadults, and 16 adult SGH; 26 males and 27 females) over a period of 9 years. Antibody titers to avian avulavirus 1 in sera were monitored by a hemagglutination inhibition test. Protective titers were generated with 3/6 vaccine regimes tested in the SGH. The highest vaccine titers were established in birds vaccinated with the Ulster strain in the conjunctiva and followed with an intramuscular Struvac injection (mean log2 titer 8.6 ± 2.6) booster. Our aim was 1) to assess whether optimal vaccination protocols could be developed and 2) to then be able, by oral administration, to remove the need to recapture free-roaming, reintroduced birds to administer the initial vaccine or booster, thus remove the threat or mortality associated with ND to this endangered avian species in both captive birds and birds released back into the wild.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery},\n\tauthor = {Koeppel, Katja N. and Kemp, Lucy V. and Maartens, Louis H. and Thompson, Peter N.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Association of Avian Veterinarians},\n\tpages = {229--236},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Habitat preferences of Southern Ground-hornbills in the Kruger National Park: implications for future conservation measures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Combrink, L.; Combrink, H. J.; Botha, A. J.; and Downs, C. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scientific Reports, 10(1): 16195. October 2020.\n Publisher: Nature Publishing Group\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Habitat$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{combrink_habitat_2020,\n\ttitle = {Habitat preferences of {Southern} {Ground}-hornbills in the {Kruger} {National} {Park}: implications for future conservation measures},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tcopyright = {2020 The Author(s)},\n\tissn = {2045-2322},\n\tshorttitle = {Habitat preferences of {Southern} {Ground}-hornbills in the {Kruger} {National} {Park}},\n\turl = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73236-4},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41598-020-73236-4},\n\tabstract = {Understanding how a species utilises its habitat, and the processes that give rise to its movements and patterns of space use, is critical for its conservation. Southern Ground-hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri are listed as Endangered in South Africa, as a result of habitat loss and persecution. The National Species Recovery Plan lists reintroductions as a suitable conservation action, but highlights “understanding the exact habitat requirements of Southern Ground-hornbills” as a knowledge gap. In this study, we used tracking data from six Southern Ground-hornbill groups (a total of 37,060 GPS locations) in the Kruger National Park to investigate their seasonal home range differences and habitat preferences. We used first-passage time analysis to determine the scale at which Southern Ground-hornbills concentrate their foraging efforts and whether specific movement behaviours were linked to habitat types. We found marked differences in seasonal home ranges, with all groups showing a range contraction during the breeding season. Grassland and open woodland habitat types were used throughout the year in accordance with their availability within the territory, with grassland, open woodland and dense thicket being favoured habitats for foraging. Our habitat preference results, based on longitudinal GPS data, allowed us to determine ideal habitat ratios (grassland:open woodland:low shrubland of 1.00:6.10:0.09 ha) to assist with the selection of suitable reintroduction sites for Southern Ground-hornbills. With an increasing number of species being threatened with extinction, reintroductions into suitable habitats may be a useful conservation mitigation measure. However, our findings highlight the importance of a thorough understanding of a species’ movement and space use prior to the selection of areas for reintroduction to ensure the establishment and sustainability of these species at these sites.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Scientific Reports},\n\tauthor = {Combrink, Leigh and Combrink, Hendrik J. and Botha, André J. and Downs, Colleen T.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},\n\tkeywords = {Behavioural ecology, Ecology},\n\tpages = {16195},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n High temperatures are associated with substantial reductions in breeding success and offspring quality in an arid-zone bird.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ven, T. M. F. N. v. d.; McKechnie, A. E.; Er, S.; and Cunningham, S. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oecologia, 193(1): 225–235. April 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"High$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{ven_high_2020,\n\ttitle = {High temperatures are associated with substantial reductions in breeding success and offspring quality in an arid-zone bird},\n\tvolume = {193},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/011-552-192-322-009},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00442-020-04644-6},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Oecologia},\n\tauthor = {Ven, T. M. F. N. van de and McKechnie, Andrew E. and Er, S. and Cunningham, Susan J.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {225--235},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A brief report on the development of dorsal air sacs in hand reared Von der Decken’s hornbills (Tockus deckeni).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rusli, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Avian Biology Research, 13(4): 87–91. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{rusli_brief_2020,\n\ttitle = {A brief report on the development of dorsal air sacs in hand reared {Von} der {Decken}’s hornbills ({Tockus} deckeni)},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1758-1559, 1758-1567},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1758155920951685},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1758155920951685},\n\tabstract = {Several species of hornbills are known to develop dorsal air sacs after hatching, which present as a pocket of air under their skin. These increase in size as the chicks grow, and gradually disappear as the chicks develop feathers. However, this feature is not well-described, nor do we know the extent it occurs in Bucerotids. Here, it is reported in a clutch of hand-reared Von der Decken’s hornbills ( Tockus deckeni) ( n = 5) at Jurong Bird Park, Singapore. Air sacs were not present at hatch, but developed within 24 h, increasing in size until about 10 days of age. They gradually recede from this age and are not always inflated, disappearing at about 16 days of age when the chick has considerable feather growth. The functions of this unique feature are largely unclear, but it is thought to be mostly related to thermoregulation. Further research is required to determine this, possibly using captive specimens from zoological institutions as it is more difficult to collect data from wild birds.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Avian Biology Research},\n\tauthor = {Rusli, Mark},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {87--91},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Report of suspected kidnapping in cooperative breeding Southern Ground-Hornbill in South Africa with consequences for conservation reintroductions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, L. V; and Ezzey, P. F\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 91(1): 91–93. January 2020.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2019.1678203\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Report$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kemp_report_2020,\n\ttitle = {Report of suspected kidnapping in cooperative breeding {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} in {South} {Africa} with consequences for conservation reintroductions},\n\tvolume = {91},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2019.1678203},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306525.2019.1678203},\n\tabstract = {Kidnapping in avian species is a rarely observed phenomenon and warrants greater investigation. Kidnapping, reported for some cooperative breeding birds and mammals, has now been confirmed for the Southern Ground-Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri and has implications for management of reintroductions of neighbouring groups. A juvenile was kidnapped from a newly reintroduced group in Limpopo, South Africa. It is suggested that this kidnapping was driven by the group to weaken and destabilise a neighbouring group, rather than strengthen their own with an additional helper.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Lucy V and Ezzey, Paige F},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2019.1678203},\n\tkeywords = {Bucorvus leadbeateri, conservation, cooperative breeding, group augmentation, kidnapping, reintroduction},\n\tpages = {91--93},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Observations of Southern Ground-Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri groups in the Kafue National Park, Zambia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gula, J.; and Phiri, C. G\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 91(3): 267–270. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Observations$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{gula_observations_2020,\n\ttitle = {Observations of {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} \\textit{{Bucorvus} leadbeateri} groups in the {Kafue} {National} {Park}, {Zambia}},\n\tvolume = {91},\n\tissn = {0030-6525, 1727-947X},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/00306525.2020.1803433},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306525.2020.1803433},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Gula, Jonah and Phiri, Chaona G},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {267--270},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Genetic monogamy in Von der Decken’s and Northern Red-billed hornbills.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kinnaird, M.; and O’Brien, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Hornbill Natural History and Conservation, 1(1): 12–16. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kinnaird_genetic_2020,\n\ttitle = {Genetic monogamy in {Von} der {Decken}’s and {Northern} {Red}-billed hornbills},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Hornbill Natural History and Conservation},\n\tauthor = {Kinnaird, M.F. and O’Brien, T.G.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Tockus hornbills, fidelity, genetic monogamy, pair bonds},\n\tpages = {12--16},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Review of trial reintroductions of the long-lived, cooperative breeding Southern Ground-hornbill.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, L. V.; Kotze, A.; Jansen, R.; Dalton, D. L.; Grobler, P.; and Little, R. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bird Conservation International, 30(4): 533–558. December 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Review$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kemp_review_2020,\n\ttitle = {Review of trial reintroductions of the long-lived, cooperative breeding {Southern} {Ground}-hornbill},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0959-2709, 1474-0001},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bird-conservation-international/article/abs/review-of-trial-reintroductions-of-the-longlived-cooperative-breeding-southern-groundhornbill/D61849E76AC7A928B6FB5993C42936A8},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0959270920000131},\n\tabstract = {Reintroduction to, or reinforcement of, threatened wild populations are commonly used conservation strategies. Reintroductions of the Southern Ground-hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri have been tested as a potential conservation tool for this vulnerable species since 1995. Forty-two individuals have been reintroduced under varying management strategies. We analysed the outcomes of these attempts to assess which factors contributed most to success or failure. The species exhibits complex social learning and hierarchy, and is long-lived, with delayed sexual maturity. Immediate survival was significantly affected by the season in which the release was done and by the quality of the released birds. The best-quality release birds were reared with wild behavioural characteristics and were well-socialised to captive conspecifics prior to being placed into managed groups (‘bush schools’), where social learning was led by an experienced, wild alpha male. Once reintroduced birds had survived their first year after release, continued wild experience and wild mentorship significantly affected their survival. Since sample sizes limited the rigour of some statistical analyses, other factors were considered that may also determine success. These quasi-experimental reintroductions revealed novel threats to the species, such as the importance of a nest to group cohesion, that harvested second-hatched chicks provide viable release birds, which essentially doubles wild productivity, and that reintroductions generate valuable civil society awareness of the plight of the species.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Bird Conservation International},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Lucy V. and Kotze, Antoinette and Jansen, Raymond and Dalton, Desiré L. and Grobler, Paul and Little, Rob M.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Bucorvus leadbeateri, Southern Ground-hornbill, bush-schools, mentor, reintroduction},\n\tpages = {533--558},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The beak and unfeathered skin as heat radiators in the southern ground‐hornbill.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Janse Van Vuuren, A. K.; Kemp, L. V.; and McKechnie, A. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Avian Biology, 51(6). June 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{janse_van_vuuren_beak_2020,\n\ttitle = {The beak and unfeathered skin as heat radiators in the southern ground‐hornbill},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tissn = {0908-8857, 1600-048X},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jav.02457},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/jav.02457},\n\tabstract = {The avian beak is increasingly recognised as an important organ for thermoregulation, particularly in disproportionately large‐beaked taxa such as toucans and hornbills. We used infrared thermography to test the prediction that southern ground‐hornbills\n              Bucorvus leadbeateri\n              physiologically regulate the surface temperature of their beak (\n              T\n              beak\n              ), as well as that of their facial (\n              T\n              facial\n              ) and gular skin (\n              T\n              gular\n              ) in such a way that these surfaces provide avenues for non‐evaporative heat dissipation in warm weather. Our data, collected over air temperatures (\n              T\n              a\n              ) ranging from 11°C to 36°C, supported these predictions. At\n              T\n              a\n               {\\textless} 20°C,\n              T\n              beak\n              tracked\n              T\n              a\n              , but rapidly increased to values 6–12°C above\n              T\n              a\n              at\n              T\n              a\n               = 20–22°C. The\n              T\n              beak\n              –\n              T\n              a\n              gradient was maintained at approximately 7°C between\n              T\n              a\n               = 22°C and 28°C, before decreasing linearly with\n              T\n              a\n               {\\textgreater} 28°C. We also found evidence for active regulation of\n              T\n              facial\n              and\n              T\n              gular\n              , with both surfaces regulated at approximately constant increments above\n              T\n              a\n              up to inflection\n              T\n              a\n              values of 22°C and 29°C, respectively. The presence of inflection\n              T\n              a\n              values corresponding with abrupt changes in physiological regulation of these surface areas suggests a high degree of physiological control. Estimates of heat exchange suggest that SGH may be able to dissipate up to 75\\% of basal metabolic rate via these surfaces, confiming the beak and areas of unfeathered skin play an important thermoregulatory role in these large, distinctive and threatened birds.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2023-10-24},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Avian Biology},\n\tauthor = {Janse Van Vuuren, Andries K. and Kemp, Lucy V. and McKechnie, Andrew E.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n BirdLasser: The influence of a mobile app on a citizen science project.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lee, A. T. K.; and Nel, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n African Zoology, 55(2): 155–160. April 2020.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2020.1717376\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"BirdLasser:$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{lee_birdlasser_2020,\n\ttitle = {{BirdLasser}: {The} influence of a mobile app on a citizen science project},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {1562-7020},\n\tshorttitle = {{BirdLasser}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2020.1717376},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/15627020.2020.1717376},\n\tabstract = {In recent decades, people across the world have adopted ‘smart-phones’ and their technology. Software applications on these devices have become diverse in their functionality and easy to use. Citizen science projects that try to mobilise data collection from people from diverse backgrounds are ideally placed to benefit from the acceptance of easy-to-use technology. This article describes the development of the mobile BirdLasser app and its integrated gamification network, with emphasis on how its unique features contributed to increased participation and submission of data to the current Southern African Bird Atlas Project (SABAP2) and associated BirdMap projects across Africa. The app has experienced a high adoption rate by contributors to SABAP2 (atlassers), birdwatchers and conservationists, contributing to causes, creating life lists and taking part in events. The app has been associated with the recruitment of new participants, but this has also seen a change in atlassing patterns, suggesting caution when using traditional measures of abundance comparisons, especially reporting rate, before and after the adoption of BirdLasser as the data submission pathway. We show that a well-designed mobile app that facilitates the flow of information from observers to databases is essential for maintaining long-term citizen science based, monitoring projects, especially if the platform is fun, well-supported, and free to use; but the introduction of an app may also introduce subtle changes to the data itself and so data submission pathways to citizen science projects is a field that requires additional research.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {African Zoology},\n\tauthor = {Lee, Alan Tristram Kenneth and Nel, Henk},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2020.1717376},\n\tkeywords = {SABAP software, application, atlasing, birdmapping, data, ornithology},\n\tpages = {155--160},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2019\n \n \n (11)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Individual behavioural differences in the captive Southern ground hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Young, L. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Individual$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{young_individual_2019,\n\taddress = {Johannesburg},\n\ttype = {({MSc} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Individual behavioural differences in the captive {Southern} ground hornbill {Bucorvus} leadbeateri},\n\turl = {https://hdl.handle.net/10539/28911},\n\tabstract = {Southern ground hornbills (ground hornbill) Bucorvus leadbeateri are among Africa’s most recognisable birds. The ground hornbill is formally listed as ‘Vulnerable to Extinction’ on the IUCN Red List and is endangered in both South Africa and Namibia. The ground hornbill is a nationally protected species in South Africa, yet the population numbers are still declining. The species is thus a conservation priority, and studies of captive individuals are needed to assess the suitability of individuals for breeding and potential future release. I investigated the behaviour of five captive populations of ground hornbills in Gauteng Province, and one population in the Western Cape Province, South Africa with the aim of investigating individual behavioural variation in these captive ground hornbills. Firstly, I described nine broad behavioural categories in the captive ground hornbills, and used these behaviours as a basis for further analysis. Secondly, I studied the activity patterns of the captive ground hornbills and found that the ground hornbills in my study did not conform to the bimodal pattern of their free-living counterparts, but rather their activity, at least for the three common behaviours (perching, locomotion, object interaction) remained fairly constant throughout the sampling time. The captive ground hornbills spent the largest proportion of their time perching, followed by locomotion and probing with their beaks. The three behaviours that were displayed the least were thermoregulation, vocalising and feeding. Behaviours varied by location on the overall behaviour but no sex effect. Thirdly, I recorded transactional (behavioural) interaction and found that aggression was rare and occurred in just one population. In contrast amicability was common and occurred more often than chance in three populations. Fourthly, I also found differences in the space use of individuals within populations, where space use was greater in some individuals in each institution. Individuals in each population commonly used less than 50\\% of their cage, frequently at the same time, linked to feeding, cage composition and their natural patrolling tendencies. Fifthly, I investigated the risk-taking behaviour and found that individuals in each institution varied their behavioural responses inconsistently in a startle test but with some showing consistent responses in novel object tests, indicating personality in ground hornbills. There were also population differences in the responses to a novel object. Finally, correlations among the behaviours indicated that ground hornbills display a behavioural syndrome (i.e. consistent behaviour responses across contexts). These findings allow for a greater understanding of the individual differences in captive ground hornbills, which are important when considering iv how individuals are managed and respond to interactions with conspecifics in captivity and for the inclusion in future release programmes. KEYWORDS: Activity patterns; Animal behaviour; Behavioural syndrome; Risk-taking behaviour; Space use; Southern Ground Hornbill; Transactional behavioural interaction.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-05},\n\tschool = {University of Witwatersrand},\n\tauthor = {Young, Lucy Charlotte},\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n Southern ground hornbills (ground hornbill) Bucorvus leadbeateri are among Africa’s most recognisable birds. The ground hornbill is formally listed as ‘Vulnerable to Extinction’ on the IUCN Red List and is endangered in both South Africa and Namibia. The ground hornbill is a nationally protected species in South Africa, yet the population numbers are still declining. The species is thus a conservation priority, and studies of captive individuals are needed to assess the suitability of individuals for breeding and potential future release. I investigated the behaviour of five captive populations of ground hornbills in Gauteng Province, and one population in the Western Cape Province, South Africa with the aim of investigating individual behavioural variation in these captive ground hornbills. Firstly, I described nine broad behavioural categories in the captive ground hornbills, and used these behaviours as a basis for further analysis. Secondly, I studied the activity patterns of the captive ground hornbills and found that the ground hornbills in my study did not conform to the bimodal pattern of their free-living counterparts, but rather their activity, at least for the three common behaviours (perching, locomotion, object interaction) remained fairly constant throughout the sampling time. The captive ground hornbills spent the largest proportion of their time perching, followed by locomotion and probing with their beaks. The three behaviours that were displayed the least were thermoregulation, vocalising and feeding. Behaviours varied by location on the overall behaviour but no sex effect. Thirdly, I recorded transactional (behavioural) interaction and found that aggression was rare and occurred in just one population. In contrast amicability was common and occurred more often than chance in three populations. Fourthly, I also found differences in the space use of individuals within populations, where space use was greater in some individuals in each institution. Individuals in each population commonly used less than 50% of their cage, frequently at the same time, linked to feeding, cage composition and their natural patrolling tendencies. Fifthly, I investigated the risk-taking behaviour and found that individuals in each institution varied their behavioural responses inconsistently in a startle test but with some showing consistent responses in novel object tests, indicating personality in ground hornbills. There were also population differences in the responses to a novel object. Finally, correlations among the behaviours indicated that ground hornbills display a behavioural syndrome (i.e. consistent behaviour responses across contexts). These findings allow for a greater understanding of the individual differences in captive ground hornbills, which are important when considering iv how individuals are managed and respond to interactions with conspecifics in captivity and for the inclusion in future release programmes. KEYWORDS: Activity patterns; Animal behaviour; Behavioural syndrome; Risk-taking behaviour; Space use; Southern Ground Hornbill; Transactional behavioural interaction.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n When the seeds sprout, the hornbills hatch: understanding the traditional ecological knowledge of the Ibans of Brunei Darussalam on hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Minggu, M. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"When$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{minggu_when_2019,\n\ttitle = {When the seeds sprout, the hornbills hatch: understanding the traditional ecological knowledge of the {Ibans} of {Brunei} {Darussalam} on hornbills},\n\tshorttitle = {When the seeds sprout, the hornbills hatch},\n\turl = {https://www.academia.edu/104721369/When_the_seeds_sprout_the_hornbills_hatch_understanding_the_traditional_ecological_knowledge_of_the_Ibans_of_Brunei_Darussalam_on_hornbills},\n\tabstract = {When the seeds sprout, the hornbills hatch: understanding the traditional ecological knowledge of the Ibans of Brunei Darussalam on hornbills},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-12-06},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine},\n\tauthor = {Minggu, Misa Juliana},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The costs of keeping cool: behavioural trade-offs between foraging and thermoregulation are associated with significant mass losses in an arid-zone bird.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n van de Ven, T. M. F. N.; McKechnie, A. E.; and Cunningham, S. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oecologia, 191(1): 205–215. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{van_de_ven_costs_2019,\n\ttitle = {The costs of keeping cool: behavioural trade-offs between foraging and thermoregulation are associated with significant mass losses in an arid-zone bird},\n\tvolume = {191},\n\tissn = {1432-1939},\n\tshorttitle = {The costs of keeping cool},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04486-x},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00442-019-04486-x},\n\tabstract = {Avian responses to high environmental temperatures include retreating to cooler microsites and/or increasing rates of evaporative heat dissipation via panting, both of which may affect foraging success. We hypothesized that behavioural trade-offs constrain the maintenance of avian body condition in hot environments, and tested predictions arising from this hypothesis for male Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills (Tockus leucomelas) breeding in the Kalahari Desert. Operative temperatures experienced by the hornbills varied by up to 13 °C among four microsite categories used by foraging males. Lower prey capture rates while panting and reductions associated with the occupancy of off-ground microsites, resulted in sharp declines in foraging efficiency during hot weather. Consequently, male body mass (Mb) gain between sunrise and sunset decreased with increasing daily maximum air temperature (Tmax), from {\\textasciitilde} 5\\% when Tmax {\\textless} 25 °C to zero when Tmax = 38.4 °C. Overnight Mb loss averaged {\\textasciitilde} 4.5\\% irrespective of Tmax, creating a situation where nett 24-h Mb loss approached 5\\% on extremely hot days. These findings support the notion that temperature is a major determinant of body condition for arid-zone birds. Moreover, the strong temperature dependence of foraging success and body condition among male hornbills provisioning nests raises the possibility that male behavioural trade-offs translate into equally strong effects of hot weather on female condition and nest success. Our results also reveal how rapid anthropogenic climate change is likely to substantially decrease the probability of arid-zone birds like hornbills being able to successfully provision nests while maintaining their own condition.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Oecologia},\n\tauthor = {van de Ven, T. M. F. N. and McKechnie, A. E. and Cunningham, S. J.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Body condition, Climate change, Microsite, Southern yellow-billed hornbill, Tockus leucomelas},\n\tpages = {205--215},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The effects of weather, group size and type of nest on the timing of egg-laying in the Southern Ground-hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carstens, K. F.; Kassanjee, R.; Little, R. M.; Ryan, P. G.; and Hockey, P. A. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Ornithology, 160(3): 633–640. July 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{carstens_effects_2019,\n\ttitle = {The effects of weather, group size and type of nest on the timing of egg-laying in the {Southern} {Ground}-hornbill {Bucorvus} leadbeateri},\n\tvolume = {160},\n\tissn = {2193-7192, 2193-7206},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10336-019-01654-x},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10336-019-01654-x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Ornithology},\n\tauthor = {Carstens, Kate F. and Kassanjee, Reshma and Little, Rob M. and Ryan, Peter G. and Hockey, Phillip A. R.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Breeding success, Early breeding, Rainfall, Temperature},\n\tpages = {633--640},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Natal dispersal in the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carstens, K. F; Kassanjee, R.; Little, R. M; Ryan, P. G; and Hockey, P. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 90(2): 119–127. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Natal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{carstens_natal_2019,\n\ttitle = {Natal dispersal in the {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} \\textit{{Bucorvus}} leadbeateri},\n\tvolume = {90},\n\tissn = {0030-6525, 1727-947X},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/00306525.2019.1590474},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306525.2019.1590474},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Carstens, Kate F and Kassanjee, Reshma and Little, Robin M and Ryan, Peter G and Hockey, Philip Ar},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {cooperative breeding, dispersal, ground hornbills, philopatry, resightings},\n\tpages = {119--127},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ground-hornbills (Bucorvus) show means-end understanding in a horizontal two-string discrimination task.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Danel, S.; Von Bayern, A. M. P.; and Osiurak, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Ethology, 37(1): 117–122. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ground-hornbills$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{danel_ground-hornbills_2019,\n\ttitle = {Ground-hornbills ({Bucorvus}) show means-end understanding in a horizontal two-string discrimination task},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0289-0771, 1439-5444},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10164-018-0565-9},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10164-018-0565-9},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Ethology},\n\tauthor = {Danel, Samara and Von Bayern, Auguste M. P. and Osiurak, François},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Brain size, Cognition, Physical cognition, Problem solving, Selection pressure, String pulling},\n\tpages = {117--122},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breeding success and population growth of Southern Ground Hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri in an area supplemented with nest-boxes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carstens, K. F.; Kassanjee, R.; Little, R. M.; Ryan, P. G.; and Hockey, P. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bird Conservation International, 29(4): 627–643. 2019.\n Publisher: Cambridge University Press\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breeding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{carstens_breeding_2019,\n\ttitle = {Breeding success and population growth of {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbills} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri in an area supplemented with nest-boxes},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bird-conservation-international/article/breeding-success-and-population-growth-of-southern-ground-hornbills-bucorvus-leadbeateri-in-an-area-supplemented-with-nestboxes/53A2B5808258358DD52A17BEF390FAFB},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Bird Conservation International},\n\tauthor = {Carstens, Kate F. and Kassanjee, Reshma and Little, Rob M. and Ryan, Peter G. and Hockey, Phil AR},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},\n\tpages = {627--643},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The use of a 3D-printed prosthesis in a Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) with squamous cell carcinoma of the casque.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, S.; Cai, B.; Rasidi, E.; Yen, C.; Hsu, C.; Chow, W. T.; Busscher, V. D.; and Hsu, L. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PLOS ONE, 14(8): e0220922. August 2019.\n Publisher: Public Library of Science\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{xie_use_2019,\n\ttitle = {The use of a {3D}-printed prosthesis in a {Great} {Hornbill} ({Buceros} bicornis) with squamous cell carcinoma of the casque},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1932-6203},\n\turl = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0220922},\n\tdoi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0220922},\n\tabstract = {The advent of new technologies in medical imaging and 3D printing in recent years has made customization of surgical tools and implants more accessible, revolutionizing many surgical fields. In many human diseases, these implants have led to superior surgical outcomes and greatly improved patients’ quality of life. Thus, it is of great interest to apply these technologies to the treatment of animal diseases. In this study, we report the use of computed tomography (CT) and 3D printing for the treatment of a Great Hornbill at Jurong Bird Park that was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the casque. A 3D printed prosthesis that perfectly fitted the subject was implanted to replace its resected casque. The subject exhibited natural eating behaviour with no post-operative complications. Using this case as an example, the positive outcomes suggest a great potential in applying these technologies to the treatment of other wildlife diseases.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {PLOS ONE},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Shangzhe and Cai, Bohong and Rasidi, Ellen and Yen, Ching-Chiuan and Hsu, Chia-da and Chow, Wai Tung and Busscher, Virginie De and Hsu, Li Chieh},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},\n\tkeywords = {3D printing, Animal behavior, Birds, Prosthetics, Squamous cell carcinoma, Surgical and invasive medical procedures, Surgical oncology, Veterinary surgery},\n\tpages = {e0220922},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Status of globally threatened birds of Sapo National Park, Liberia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Freeman, B.; Dami, F. D.; and Molokwu-Odozi, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 90(1): 19–24. January 2019.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2018.1502694\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Status$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{freeman_status_2019,\n\ttitle = {Status of globally threatened birds of {Sapo} {National} {Park}, {Liberia}},\n\tvolume = {90},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2018.1502694},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306525.2018.1502694},\n\tabstract = {Sapo National Park was the first established and is the largest national park in Liberia and contains the secondlargest area of primary tropical rainforest in West Africa. However, little is known about the distribution, population density, and ecology of threatened birds occurring in the park. In this study, we assessed the population status and distribution of birds of global conservation concern occurring in the park. Between April and June 2014, we surveyed 17 line transects of 2 km each in and around Sapo National Park, using Distance Sampling. We recorded eight of the 13 globally threatened birds in Liberia, including Gola Malimbe Malimbus ballmanni (Endangered), Timneh Parrot Psittacus timneh (Endangered) and Yellow-bearded Greenbul Criniger olivaceus (Vulnerable). The results of this study provide the first baseline information on the status of these species in the park and also show the importance of Sapo National Park in the conservation of not only birds but also biodiversity in general in Liberia and West Africa.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Freeman, Benedictus and Dami, Filibus Danjuma and Molokwu-Odozi, Mary},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2018.1502694},\n\tkeywords = {Liberia, Sapo National Park, bird density, birds, conservation, globally threatened birds},\n\tpages = {19--24},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breeding success and population growth of Southern Ground Hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri in an area supplemented with nest-boxes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carstens, K. F.; Kassanjee, R.; Little, R. M.; Ryan, P. G.; and Hockey, P. A. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bird Conservation International, 29(4): 627–643. December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breeding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{carstens_breeding_2019,\n\ttitle = {Breeding success and population growth of {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbills} \\textit{{Bucorvus} leadbeateri} in an area supplemented with nest-boxes},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0959-2709, 1474-0001},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0959270919000108/type/journal_article},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0959270919000108},\n\tabstract = {The provision of artificial nests can improve the conservation status of threatened bird species that are limited by nest-site availability. The shortage of natural cavity nesting sites is one factor limiting the population growth of the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri. In an 1,800 km2 study area in north-eastern South Africa, 31 wooden nest-boxes were installed during 2002–2015. We investigated the relationships between nests, as well as environmental and social factors, with breeding. Generalised linear mixed models were fitted to the observational data and identified positive relationships between breeding attempts and each of home range size and the previous year’s rainfall; as well as positive relationships between breeding success (amongst the groups that attempt breeding) and each of earlier breeding, nest height and thickness of the nest cavity wall. The provision of nest-boxes increased the number of breeding groups and although breeding success also increased initially, it later declined as the density of breeding groups increased above 20 groups. Although nest-boxes alone did not increase overall breeding success, they are an effective conservation tool to enhance the population of Southern Ground Hornbills if spaced optimally, to enhance reproductive output in areas where suitable nest-sites are scarce or lacking.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2023-10-24},\n\tjournal = {Bird Conservation International},\n\tauthor = {Carstens, Kate F. and Kassanjee, Reshma and Little, Rob M. and Ryan, Peter G. and Hockey, Phil A. R.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {627--643},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wilson, J. W.; and Primack, R. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Open Book Publishers, September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Conservation$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@book{wilson_conservation_2019,\n\ttitle = {Conservation {Biology} in {Sub}-{Saharan} {Africa}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-78374-750-4 978-1-78374-751-1 978-1-78374-752-8 978-1-80064-591-2 978-1-78374-755-9 978-1-78374-753-5 978-1-78374-754-2},\n\turl = {https://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0177},\n\tabstract = {Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa comprehensively explores the challenges and potential solutions to key conservation issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. Easy to read, this lucid and accessible textbook includes fifteen chapters that cover a full range of conservation topics, including threats to biodiversity, environmental laws, and protected areas management, as well as related topics such as sustainability, poverty, and human-wildlife conflict.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tpublisher = {Open Book Publishers},\n\tauthor = {Wilson, John W. and Primack, Richard B.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.11647/obp.0177},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2018\n \n \n (9)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Uncontrolled hunting and habitat degradation decimate and extirpate forest hornbills in Ghana, West Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Holbech, L. H.; Annorbah, N. N. D.; Phalan, B.; and Arcilla, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biological Conservation, 223: 104–111. July 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Uncontrolled$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{holbech_uncontrolled_2018,\n\ttitle = {Uncontrolled hunting and habitat degradation decimate and extirpate forest hornbills in {Ghana}, {West} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {223},\n\tissn = {0006-3207},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320718300363},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2018.04.039},\n\tabstract = {Tropical forests are on the front lines of the current global extinction crisis. Species with restricted habitat requirements and slow reproductive rates, such as the spectacular hornbills (Bucerotidae) of the Paleotropics, are particularly vulnerable. We present the first long-term quantitative population assessment of nine forest hornbill species in Ghana, part of the Upper Guinea forest biodiversity hotspot in West Africa. From 1990 to 2009, hornbill encounter rates declined with 32–88\\% across eight species found in the region. Seven separate surveys between 1990 and 2014 indicated declines in at least six of eight species detected, with large-bodied species hardest hit. Depleted remnant populations of large hornbills mainly persist in two large and relatively well-protected wildlife reserves, Ankasa Resource Reserve and Kakum National Park. Contrastingly, the five largest species of the nine hornbills known to Bia Biosphere Reserve, one of Ghana's few forest wildlife reserves, apparently vanished completely since the 1990s, mainly due to uncontrolled hunting. Similarly, several large hornbills have disappeared from forest reserves where hunting is widespread. We conclude that uncontrolled hunting is the major driver of the recent drastic declines and population extirpations of large hornbills, while reductions in small insectivorous species may be related to extensive fragmentation and habitat disturbances of the Ghanaian forest biome. We call for urgent conservation action to prevent further declines and impending extirpations of forest hornbills and other wildlife in West Africa.},\n\turldate = {2025-02-13},\n\tjournal = {Biological Conservation},\n\tauthor = {Holbech, Lars H. and Annorbah, Nathaniel N. D. and Phalan, Ben and Arcilla, Nico},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Bucerotidae, Conservation status, Forest fragmentation, Illegal logging, Poaching, Upper Guinea},\n\tpages = {104--111},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Conflict & Communication: Consequences Of Female Nest Confinement In Yellow-Billed Hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Finnie, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, Clare College, Cambridge, June 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Conflict$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{finnie_conflict_2018,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttype = {({PhD} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Conflict \\& {Communication}: {Consequences} {Of} {Female} {Nest} {Confinement} {In} {Yellow}-{Billed} {Hornbills}},\n\tshorttitle = {Conflict \\& {Communication}},\n\turl = {https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271223},\n\tabstract = {The most striking feature of hornbills (Bucerotiformes) is their unusual nesting behaviour. Before laying, a female hornbill enters the nest in a tree cavity. Uniquely among birds, she then seals the nest entrance using her faeces and locally available materials, leaving a narrow gap only 1 cm wide. Through this tiny slit, the female is totally dependent on her mate for between 40 days in the smallest hornbills and up to 130 days in the largest. Once walled in the nest, the female will lay her eggs and shed all of her wing and tail feathers. The male then becomes completely responsible for provisioning his mate and a few weeks later, the chicks. When her feathers have regrown, the female breaks out of the nest, often before the chicks are fully grown. The chicks then reseal the entrance until they too are ready to fledge. This thesis describes attempts to better understand the nesting behaviour of hornbills. The first chapter introduces hornbill ecology and behaviour and highlights their potential as model systems for studying conflict and communication. Chapter 2 describes the methods used to set up a study population of Southern Yellow-Billed Hornbill (Tockus leucomelas) consisting of 47 occupied nest boxes, over 35km2 in the Southern Kalahari Desert, South Africa. Chapter 3 summarises behaviour over three breeding seasons from October 2008 to April 2011. Female feather moult followed a precise staggered pattern, unlike other populations. Widespread filial cannibalism by females of both eggs and chicks was observed for the first time. The possible proximate causes of cannibalism are explored. Egg cannibalism allowed females to recoup some of their energetic investment, while cannibalism of chicks served as an efficient mechanism of brood reduction for nests with low paternal feeding rate. Chapter 4 investigates how females communicate need for nesting materials to males. Females altered the rate and structure of their begging calls when experimentally deprived of nest lining and males in turn delivered more nest materials. Chapter 5 examines the factors that determine how long females remain in the nest. Females with larger broods stayed in the nest longer, irrespective of their own or their chicks’ condition or male feeding rates. This raises questions about the role of mothers in the nest. Chapter 6 addresses this issue, demonstrating that females controlled sibling competition in the nest. Experimental temporary removal of mothers led to increased intrabrood aggression and more uneven food distribution in the brood, with larger chicks taking a greater share. The final chapter draws these findings together and the potential for future research is discussed.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tschool = {Clare College},\n\tauthor = {Finnie, Michael},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n The most striking feature of hornbills (Bucerotiformes) is their unusual nesting behaviour. Before laying, a female hornbill enters the nest in a tree cavity. Uniquely among birds, she then seals the nest entrance using her faeces and locally available materials, leaving a narrow gap only 1 cm wide. Through this tiny slit, the female is totally dependent on her mate for between 40 days in the smallest hornbills and up to 130 days in the largest. Once walled in the nest, the female will lay her eggs and shed all of her wing and tail feathers. The male then becomes completely responsible for provisioning his mate and a few weeks later, the chicks. When her feathers have regrown, the female breaks out of the nest, often before the chicks are fully grown. The chicks then reseal the entrance until they too are ready to fledge. This thesis describes attempts to better understand the nesting behaviour of hornbills. The first chapter introduces hornbill ecology and behaviour and highlights their potential as model systems for studying conflict and communication. Chapter 2 describes the methods used to set up a study population of Southern Yellow-Billed Hornbill (Tockus leucomelas) consisting of 47 occupied nest boxes, over 35km2 in the Southern Kalahari Desert, South Africa. Chapter 3 summarises behaviour over three breeding seasons from October 2008 to April 2011. Female feather moult followed a precise staggered pattern, unlike other populations. Widespread filial cannibalism by females of both eggs and chicks was observed for the first time. The possible proximate causes of cannibalism are explored. Egg cannibalism allowed females to recoup some of their energetic investment, while cannibalism of chicks served as an efficient mechanism of brood reduction for nests with low paternal feeding rate. Chapter 4 investigates how females communicate need for nesting materials to males. Females altered the rate and structure of their begging calls when experimentally deprived of nest lining and males in turn delivered more nest materials. Chapter 5 examines the factors that determine how long females remain in the nest. Females with larger broods stayed in the nest longer, irrespective of their own or their chicks’ condition or male feeding rates. This raises questions about the role of mothers in the nest. Chapter 6 addresses this issue, demonstrating that females controlled sibling competition in the nest. Experimental temporary removal of mothers led to increased intrabrood aggression and more uneven food distribution in the brood, with larger chicks taking a greater share. The final chapter draws these findings together and the potential for future research is discussed.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Predation by Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill on adult Southern Grey-headed Sparrow.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Castro, J.; Castro, L.; Road, C.; Castro, M.; Rijnders, F.; and Road, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biodiversity Observations, 9: 1–7. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Predation$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{castro_predation_2018,\n\ttitle = {Predation by {Southern} {Yellow}-billed {Hornbill} on adult {Southern} {Grey}-headed {Sparrow}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.15641/bo.v9i0.500},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Biodiversity Observations},\n\tauthor = {Castro, J. and Castro, L. and Road, C. and Castro, M. and Rijnders, F. and Road, C.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--7},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Animal of the week: southern ground horn-bill.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zondi, Z.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n SANBI. 2018.\n Publisher: SANBI\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{zondi_animal_2018,\n\ttitle = {Animal of the week: southern ground horn-bill},\n\tshorttitle = {Animal of the week},\n\tjournal = {SANBI},\n\tauthor = {Zondi, Zwelakhe},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SANBI},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Camera Trapping: A Tool to Study Hornbills?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jailan, T. S.; Yi, M. C. K.; Kaicheen, S. S.; Nurul-Asna, H.; Pengiran, P.; and Mohd-Azlan, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Sarawak Museum Journal, LXXIX(100): 287–294. December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Camera$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{jailan_camera_2018,\n\ttitle = {Camera {Trapping}: {A} {Tool} to {Study} {Hornbills}?},\n\tvolume = {LXXIX},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/143-619-036-039-13X},\n\tdoi = {10.61507/smj22-2018-tt45-18},\n\tnumber = {100},\n\tjournal = {The Sarawak Museum Journal},\n\tauthor = {Jailan, Thaqifah S. and Yi, Melynda Cheok Ka and Kaicheen, Sally S. and Nurul-Asna, Hidayah and Pengiran, Philovenny and Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {287--294},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A survey of casques, frontal humps, and other extravagant bony cranial protuberances in birds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mayr, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zoomorphology, 137(3): 457–472. September 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{mayr_survey_2018,\n\ttitle = {A survey of casques, frontal humps, and other extravagant bony cranial protuberances in birds},\n\tvolume = {137},\n\tissn = {0720-213X, 1432-234X},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00435-018-0410-2},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00435-018-0410-2},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Zoomorphology},\n\tauthor = {Mayr, Gerald},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {457--472},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nest box design for a changing climate: The value of improved insulation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Larson, E. R.; Eastwood, J. R.; Buchanan, K. L.; Bennett, A. T. D.; and Berg, M. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ecological Management & Restoration, 19(1): 39–48. 2018.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/emr.12292\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nest$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{larson_nest_2018,\n\ttitle = {Nest box design for a changing climate: {The} value of improved insulation},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tcopyright = {© 2018 Ecological Society of Australia and John Wiley \\& Sons Australia, Ltd},\n\tissn = {1442-8903},\n\tshorttitle = {Nest box design for a changing climate},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/emr.12292},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/emr.12292},\n\tabstract = {Mean air temperatures and the frequency, intensity and duration of extreme weather events such as heatwaves are increasing due to climate change. Nest boxes experience more variable and extreme temperatures than natural cavities, which may reduce survival and reproductive success of the species which utilize them, but little is known about the factors which drive nest box temperature profiles. We quantified the potential for retrofitted insulation on nest boxes to modify internal temperatures and to mimic the thermal characteristics of natural cavities more closely. We tested three types of materials with insulative or reflective properties which were easy to retrofit to nest boxes: 3-cm-thick polystyrene, pleated foil batts and reflective paint. We found that polystyrene and foil batts reduced mean nest box temperatures during the day by 0.31 ± 0.01°C and 0.17 ± 0.01°C, respectively (but up to 5.84°C and 4.02°C). The effects of all insulation types were dependent on the time of day, and only polystyrene had a significant effect at night, with a greater capacity to retain heat (mean 0.21 ± 0.01°C warmer). Contrary to expectations, reflective paint caused a small increase in temperature during the late afternoon. In our study, the temperature modulation provided by insulation was able to match or exceed that due to variation in nest location and surrounding vegetation canopy cover. Our findings show that polystyrene and foil batts may offer effective and tractable means to mitigate the effects of extreme temperatures in nest boxes and thereby help achieve temperature profiles more similar to natural cavities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Ecological Management \\& Restoration},\n\tauthor = {Larson, Eliza R. and Eastwood, Justin R. and Buchanan, Katherine L. and Bennett, Andrew T. D. and Berg, Mathew L.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/emr.12292},\n\tkeywords = {artificial hollows, climate change, hollow-nesting, temperature extremes, tree cavities},\n\tpages = {39--48},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The simultaneous moult of female hornbills is not triggered by the darkness of their nest cavity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stanback, M.; Millican, D.; Visser, P.; and Marker, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 89(4): 373–375. October 2018.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2018.1468360\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{stanback_simultaneous_2018,\n\ttitle = {The simultaneous moult of female hornbills is not triggered by the darkness of their nest cavity},\n\tvolume = {89},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2018.1468360},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306525.2018.1468360},\n\tabstract = {A verbal model from 1937 proposed that the darkness of the nest cavity acts as a proximate trigger for the simultaneous moult observed in female hornbills. Although never tested, the plausibility of this hypothesis has allowed it to be cited frequently. We tested the role of darkness on the moult of Tockus hornbills by providing females with either opaque wooden nest boxes or translucent plastic ones. Most females underwent a simultaneous moult of their remiges and retrices following clutch completion, regardless of the amount of time they had spent in the nest. More importantly, the variation in the simultaneity of the flight feather moult was unrelated to box type. These results suggest that darkness does not act as a proximate cue for the simultaneous moult of female hornbills.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Stanback, Mark and Millican, David and Visser, Paul and Marker, Laurie},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2018.1468360},\n\tkeywords = {hornbill, simultaneous moult},\n\tpages = {373--375},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Double‐digest RAD sequencing outperforms microsatellite loci at assigning paternity and estimating relatedness: A proof of concept in a highly promiscuous bird.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thrasher, D. J.; Butcher, B. G.; Campagna, L.; Webster, M. S.; and Lovette, I. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Molecular Ecology Resources, 18(5): 953–965. September 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Double‐digest$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{thrasher_doubledigest_2018,\n\ttitle = {Double‐digest {RAD} sequencing outperforms microsatellite loci at assigning paternity and estimating relatedness: {A} proof of concept in a highly promiscuous bird},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tcopyright = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions\\#am},\n\tissn = {1755-098X, 1755-0998},\n\tshorttitle = {Double‐digest {RAD} sequencing outperforms microsatellite loci at assigning paternity and estimating relatedness},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1755-0998.12771},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/1755-0998.12771},\n\tabstract = {Avian monogamy is usually characterized by social monogamy, a cooperative pair bond rather than genetic monogamy, a pair bond accompanied by fidelity. Hornbills (Bucerotidae, Bucorvidae) have a range of monogamous social systems, but only one species, Monteiro’s hornbill (Tockus monteiri) has been confirmed to be genetically monogamous. We examined paternity patterns for two Tockus species, Northern Red-billed hornbill (T. erythrorynchus) and Von der Decken’s hornbill ( ). We collected blood from females and chicks in nestboxes, and the putative father delivering food to the nestbox, or accompanying juvenile birds. Paternity was determined using a double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). All males delivering food for both species (n = 35 males). For males accompanying juveniles, 14 of 15 putative fathers were identified as the genetic father. Our results extend the occurrence of genetic monogamy to three species of Tockus hornbills.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Molecular Ecology Resources},\n\tauthor = {Thrasher, Derrick J. and Butcher, Bronwyn G. and Campagna, Leonardo and Webster, Michael S. and Lovette, Irby J.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {cooperative breeding, double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, microsatellite, parentage, relatedness, single nucleotide polymorphism},\n\tpages = {953--965},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2017\n \n \n (10)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Conservation biology and molecular ecology of the Southern Ground-Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri (Vigors, 1825).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{kemp_conservation_2017,\n\taddress = {Bloemfontein},\n\ttype = {({PhD} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Conservation biology and molecular ecology of the {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri ({Vigors}, 1825)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tschool = {University of the Free State},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, L.V.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nest boxes as a conservation tool for the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carstens, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nest$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{carstens_nest_2017,\n\taddress = {Rondebosch, Cape Town},\n\ttype = {({PhD} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Nest boxes as a conservation tool for the {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri},\n\turl = {https://apnrgroundhornbillproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/carstens-k-2017.pdf},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tschool = {University of Cape Town},\n\tauthor = {Carstens, Kate},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Implications of climate change on the reproductive success of the Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill, Tockus leucomelas.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ven, V. d.; and N, T. M. F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Implications$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{ven_implications_2017,\n\taddress = {Rondebosch, Cape Town},\n\ttype = {({PhD} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Implications of climate change on the reproductive success of the {Southern} {Yellow}-billed {Hornbill}, {Tockus} leucomelas},\n\turl = {http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27552},\n\tabstract = {The effects of environmental warming on the reproductive performance of birds are most easily studied in desert habitats where birds already experience air temperatures (Tₐs) close to their upper thermal tolerance. Many desert birds coincide breeding with periods of food availability triggered by rainfall during the summer season. Daily maximum air temperatures (ₘₐₓ) during the Kalahari summer season frequently reach the lower forties (°C) and recent years have been characterised by reduced rainfall and increased Tₐ. Breeding Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills (Tockus leucomelas) could be particularly vulnerable to high Tₐ due to their breeding strategy whereby the females are confined to the nest cavity for most of the nesting period. During this time their male partners are solely responsible for food provisioning, which imposes a considerable energetic demand. In this thesis, I investigated the extent to which Tₐ affects the ability and willingness of breeding males to provision their female partners and offspring. And consequently, the extent to which male investment and the thermal environment affect female body mass (Mb) and chick development rates in Southern Yellowbilled Hornbills in the Kalahari. During three consecutive hornbill breeding seasons (October - March, between 2012 and 2015), I collected life history data during 50 breeding attempts by 32 hornbill pairs. At the study site, Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills readily breed in artificial nest boxes and this allowed me to assess the internal nest climate using temperature and relative humidity loggers which were placed in most of the nests. The male hornbills in the study population were semi-habituated which facilitated behavioural observations. Weather data were recorded at an on-site weather station. Morphometric data from females and chicks were collected on a daily basis at selected nests and perch scales installed at nest entrances recorded Mb data of the provisioning males. From chick hatching to chick fledging, I observed the behaviour of the males during 30-min focal follows and focussed on foraging behaviour, prey allocation decisions (nest versus self), microsite use and thermoregulatory behaviour. Male hornbills spent more than half of their time panting at Tₐs above 34.5 °C. Days on which this threshold temperature was exceeded were therefore described as 'hot days'. The male hornbills experienced trade-offs on hot days between foraging efficiency and panting behaviour, indicating that the additional cost of thermoregulation and high Tₐ affected foraging success (Chapter 2). Males would always provision larger prey items to the nest and consumed the smaller prey items themselves. As Tₐ increased, the males increased their foraging effort, but caught fewer and smaller prey items overall, reducing the total biomass they provisioned to the nest as well as the biomass they consumed. As a result, males were unable to maintain their Mb on days when Tₐ exceeded 37.9 °C (Chapter 3). A similar effect of hot days on Mb maintenance was observed in females and chicks within the nest. Independent of chick age, females departed the nest when their Mb reached a lower limit of 189.3 ± SD 18.1 g. The females would then aid the males in nest provisioning, however the negative effect of increasing ₘₐₓ on provisioning rate was still evident; i.e. females were not able to compensate for reduced male provisioning rates on hot days. High Tₐs during the nesting period resulted in smaller and lighter fledglings and overall reduced the probability of a successful nesting attempt (Chapter 4). A thermal imaging experiment revealed that the large beak of hornbills (both males and females) plays an important role in non-evaporative heat loss. Hornbills were observed to dissipate up to 19.9 \\% of the total non-evaporative body heat loss via the beak. This water-saving mechanism can be highly advantageous to hornbills living in arid regions where water availability is limited (Chapter 5). Lastly, a comparison of the results of the current study with those of a study on the same hornbill population carried out between 2008 and 2011 revealed that mean ₘₐₓ as well as rainfall during the nesting period had an important impact on overall hornbill reproductive effort and success (Chapter 6). Long-lived species are expected to prioritise future reproductive opportunities over current broods. However, the predicted scenario for the Kalahari is that high Tₐs become more extreme and periods of drought become more frequent. Therefore, I predict an increased risk of breeding failure among Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills in the future which could affect the persistence of this population.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2025-02-05},\n\tschool = {University of Cape Town},\n\tauthor = {Ven, Van de and N, Tanja M. F.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n The effects of environmental warming on the reproductive performance of birds are most easily studied in desert habitats where birds already experience air temperatures (Tₐs) close to their upper thermal tolerance. Many desert birds coincide breeding with periods of food availability triggered by rainfall during the summer season. Daily maximum air temperatures (ₘₐₓ) during the Kalahari summer season frequently reach the lower forties (°C) and recent years have been characterised by reduced rainfall and increased Tₐ. Breeding Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills (Tockus leucomelas) could be particularly vulnerable to high Tₐ due to their breeding strategy whereby the females are confined to the nest cavity for most of the nesting period. During this time their male partners are solely responsible for food provisioning, which imposes a considerable energetic demand. In this thesis, I investigated the extent to which Tₐ affects the ability and willingness of breeding males to provision their female partners and offspring. And consequently, the extent to which male investment and the thermal environment affect female body mass (Mb) and chick development rates in Southern Yellowbilled Hornbills in the Kalahari. During three consecutive hornbill breeding seasons (October - March, between 2012 and 2015), I collected life history data during 50 breeding attempts by 32 hornbill pairs. At the study site, Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills readily breed in artificial nest boxes and this allowed me to assess the internal nest climate using temperature and relative humidity loggers which were placed in most of the nests. The male hornbills in the study population were semi-habituated which facilitated behavioural observations. Weather data were recorded at an on-site weather station. Morphometric data from females and chicks were collected on a daily basis at selected nests and perch scales installed at nest entrances recorded Mb data of the provisioning males. From chick hatching to chick fledging, I observed the behaviour of the males during 30-min focal follows and focussed on foraging behaviour, prey allocation decisions (nest versus self), microsite use and thermoregulatory behaviour. Male hornbills spent more than half of their time panting at Tₐs above 34.5 °C. Days on which this threshold temperature was exceeded were therefore described as 'hot days'. The male hornbills experienced trade-offs on hot days between foraging efficiency and panting behaviour, indicating that the additional cost of thermoregulation and high Tₐ affected foraging success (Chapter 2). Males would always provision larger prey items to the nest and consumed the smaller prey items themselves. As Tₐ increased, the males increased their foraging effort, but caught fewer and smaller prey items overall, reducing the total biomass they provisioned to the nest as well as the biomass they consumed. As a result, males were unable to maintain their Mb on days when Tₐ exceeded 37.9 °C (Chapter 3). A similar effect of hot days on Mb maintenance was observed in females and chicks within the nest. Independent of chick age, females departed the nest when their Mb reached a lower limit of 189.3 ± SD 18.1 g. The females would then aid the males in nest provisioning, however the negative effect of increasing ₘₐₓ on provisioning rate was still evident; i.e. females were not able to compensate for reduced male provisioning rates on hot days. High Tₐs during the nesting period resulted in smaller and lighter fledglings and overall reduced the probability of a successful nesting attempt (Chapter 4). A thermal imaging experiment revealed that the large beak of hornbills (both males and females) plays an important role in non-evaporative heat loss. Hornbills were observed to dissipate up to 19.9 % of the total non-evaporative body heat loss via the beak. This water-saving mechanism can be highly advantageous to hornbills living in arid regions where water availability is limited (Chapter 5). Lastly, a comparison of the results of the current study with those of a study on the same hornbill population carried out between 2008 and 2011 revealed that mean ₘₐₓ as well as rainfall during the nesting period had an important impact on overall hornbill reproductive effort and success (Chapter 6). Long-lived species are expected to prioritise future reproductive opportunities over current broods. However, the predicted scenario for the Kalahari is that high Tₐs become more extreme and periods of drought become more frequent. Therefore, I predict an increased risk of breeding failure among Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills in the future which could affect the persistence of this population.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breeding and dispersal implications for the conservation of the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carstens, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breeding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{carstens_breeding_2017,\n\taddress = {Rondebosch, Cape Town},\n\ttype = {({PhD} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Breeding and dispersal implications for the conservation of the {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri},\n\turl = {https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/26943},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tschool = {University of Cape Town},\n\tauthor = {Carstens, Kate},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Southern Ground Hornbill Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop Final Report.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Project, M. G. H.; (CPSG), I. C. P. S. G.; and (CGSG), I. C. G. S. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@techreport{mabula_ground_hornbill_project_southern_2017,\n\ttitle = {Southern {Ground} {Hornbill} {Population} and {Habitat} {Viability} {Assessment} {Workshop} {Final} {Report}},\n\tauthor = {Mabula Ground Hornbill Project and IUCN Conservation Planning Specialist Group (CPSG) and IUCN Conservation Genetics Specialist Group (CGSG)},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nest temperature fluctuations in a cavity nester, the southern ground-hornbill.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Combrink, L.; Combrink, H. J.; Botha, A. J.; and Downs, C. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Thermal Biology, 66: 21–26. May 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nest$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{combrink_nest_2017,\n\ttitle = {Nest temperature fluctuations in a cavity nester, the southern ground-hornbill},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {0306-4565},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456516303023},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.03.003},\n\tabstract = {Southern ground-hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri inhabit savanna and bushveld regions of South Africa. They nest in the austral summer, which coincides with the wet season and hottest daytime temperatures in the region. They are secondary cavity nesters and typically nest in large cavities in trees, cliffs and earth banks, but readily use artificial nest boxes. Southern ground-hornbills are listed as Endangered in South Africa, with reintroductions into suitable areas highlighted as a viable conservation intervention for the species. Nest microclimate, and the possible implications this may have for the breeding biology of southern ground-hornbills, have never been investigated. We used temperature dataloggers to record nest cavity temperature and ambient temperature for one artificial and 11 natural southern ground-hornbill tree cavity nests combined, spanning two breeding seasons. Mean hourly nest temperature, as well as mean minimum and mean maximum nest temperature, differed significantly between southern ground-hornbill nests in both breeding seasons. Mean nest temperature also differed significantly from mean ambient temperature for both seasons. Natural nest cavities provided a buffer against the ambient temperature fluctuations. The artificial nest provided little insulation against temperature extremes, being warmer and cooler than the maximum and minimum local ambient temperatures, respectively. Nest cavity temperature was not found to have an influence on the breeding success of the southern ground-hornbill groups investigated in this study. These results have potentially important implications for southern ground-hornbill conservation and artificial nest design, as they suggest that the birds can tolerate greater nest cavity temperature extremes than previously thought.},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Thermal Biology},\n\tauthor = {Combrink, L. and Combrink, H. J. and Botha, A. J. and Downs, C. T.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Cavity nester, Conservation, Hornbill, Nest temperature, Temperature fluctuation},\n\tpages = {21--26},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Home range and habitat use of Trumpeter Hornbills Bycanistes bucinator in an urban–forest mosaic, Eshowe, South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chibesa, M.; Taylor, B.; Ramesh, T.; and Downs, C. T\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 88(3): 225–233. December 2017.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2017.1292561\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Home$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{chibesa_home_2017,\n\ttitle = {Home range and habitat use of {Trumpeter} {Hornbills} {Bycanistes} bucinator in an urban–forest mosaic, {Eshowe}, {South} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {88},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2017.1292561},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306525.2017.1292561},\n\tabstract = {Despite the negative impacts of urbanisation, some species adapt to pressures of habitat loss and fragmentation. Trumpeter Hornbills Bycanistes bucinator are a large avian forest frugivore that uses urban environments in South Africa. Consequently, we used GPS/UHF transmitters to study their home range size, movement and habitat use in an urban–forest mosaic in Eshowe, South Africa from March to October 2014. We estimated the home range size using three methods: minimum convex polygon (MCP), kernel density estimation (KDE) and local convex hull (LoCoH). Our results showed that overall monthly home range size was 5.1 ± 1.28 km2 (mean ± SE; 95\\% MCP), 4.6 ± 1.14 km2 (95\\% KDE) and 1.9 ± 0. 46 km2 (95\\% LoCoH). However, individual home range sizes varied monthly and seasonally. We found that all individuals tagged used mostly the indigenous forest and frequently utilised urban residential areas (gardens) with little or no use of cultivated land. Observed individual variations in monthly and seasonal home ranges could be a response to variations in availability of key fruit resources in the urban residential and indigenous forest mosaic. This study supports the use of more than one method of home range estimation for insight regarding home range and habitat use in urban–forest mosaics for this large forest frugivore.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Chibesa, Moses and Taylor, Barry and Ramesh, Tharmalingam and Downs, Colleen T},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2017.1292561},\n\tkeywords = {Bycanistes bucinator, GPS telemetry, kernel density estimation, local convex hull, minimum convex polygon, urbanisation},\n\tpages = {225--233},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Factors determining the occupancy of Trumpeter Hornbills in urban-forest mosaics of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chibesa, M.; and Downs, C. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Urban Ecosystems, 20(5): 1027–1034. March 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Factors$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{chibesa_factors_2017,\n\ttitle = {Factors determining the occupancy of {Trumpeter} {Hornbills} in urban-forest mosaics of {KwaZulu}-{Natal}, {South} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/055-894-505-300-22X},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11252-017-0656-3},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Urban Ecosystems},\n\tauthor = {Chibesa, Moses and Downs, Colleen T.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1027--1034},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Syringophiloidus bucerotidus sp. nov. (Acari: Syringophilidae), a new quill mite species parasitizing hornbills (Aves: Bucerotidae) in the Sub-Saharan Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Skoracki, M.; Sikora, B.; Marciniak, N.; and Zmudzinski, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Acarology, 43(1): 39–43. January 2017.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2016.1216598\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Syringophiloidus$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{skoracki_syringophiloidus_2017,\n\ttitle = {Syringophiloidus bucerotidus sp. nov. ({Acari}: {Syringophilidae}), a new quill mite species parasitizing hornbills ({Aves}: {Bucerotidae}) in the {Sub}-{Saharan} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {43},\n\tissn = {0164-7954},\n\tshorttitle = {Syringophiloidus bucerotidus sp. nov. ({Acari}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2016.1216598},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01647954.2016.1216598},\n\tabstract = {A new species of parasitic quill mite, Syringophiloidus bucerotidus Skoracki et Sikora sp. nov. is described based on the mite material collected from contour feather quills of six hornbill species (Bucerotiformes: Bucerotidae): Horizocerus hartlaubi (Gould) [type host] and H. albocristatus (Cassin) from D.R. Congo, Tockus flavirostris (Rüppell) and T. fasciatus (Shaw) from Cameroon, T. deckeni (Cabanis) and Lophoceros pallidirostris (Hartlaub et Finsch) from Tanzania. This is a first record of the family Syringophilidae on birds of the order Bucerotiformes. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A4327B33-4AA5-49A2-90E1-98C6C36245E0},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Acarology},\n\tauthor = {Skoracki, Maciej and Sikora, Bozena and Marciniak, Natalia and Zmudzinski, Mateusz},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2016.1216598},\n\tkeywords = {Acari, Bucerotiformes, Syringophilidae, birds, ectoparasites, hornbills, quill mites},\n\tpages = {39--43},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Habitat structure and diversity influence the nesting success of an endangered large cavity-nesting bird, the Southern Ground-hornbill.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Combrink, L.; Combrink, H. J.; Botha, A. J.; and Downs, C. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Koedoe, 59(1): 1–8. November 2017.\n Publisher: AOSIS Publishing\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Habitat$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{combrink_habitat_2017,\n\ttitle = {Habitat structure and diversity influence the nesting success of an endangered large cavity-nesting bird, the {Southern} {Ground}-hornbill},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {0075-6458},\n\turl = {http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0075-64582017000100016&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en},\n\tdoi = {10.4102/koedoe.v59i1.1438},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Koedoe},\n\tauthor = {Combrink, Leigh and Combrink, Hendrik J. and Botha, André J. and Downs, Colleen T.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Publisher: AOSIS Publishing},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2016\n \n \n (11)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Do large birds experience previously undetected levels of hunting pressure in the forests of Central and West Africa?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Whytock, R. C.; Buij, R.; Virani, M. Z.; and Morgan, B. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oryx, 50(1): 76–83. January 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Do$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{whytock_large_2016,\n\ttitle = {Do large birds experience previously undetected levels of hunting pressure in the forests of {Central} and {West} {Africa}?},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0030-6053, 1365-3008},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/do-large-birds-experience-previously-undetected-levels-of-hunting-pressure-in-the-forests-of-central-and-west-africa/D81910BC88349E50F636A9C8C438562F},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0030605314000064},\n\tabstract = {The commercial bushmeat trade threatens numerous species in the forests of West and Central Africa. Hunters shoot and trap animals, which are transported to rural and urban markets for sale. Village-based surveys of hunter offtake and surveys of bushmeat markets have shown that mammals and reptiles are affected most, followed by birds. However, hunters also consume some animals in forest camps and these may have been overlooked in surveys that have focused on bushmeat extracted from the forest. A number of studies have used indirect methods, such as hunter diaries, to quantify this additional offtake but results can be difficult to verify. We examined discarded animal remains at 13 semi-permanent hunting camps in the Ebo Forest, Cameroon, over 272 days. Twenty-one species were identified from 49 carcasses, of which birds constituted 55\\%, mammals 43\\% and other taxa 2\\%. The mammals identified were typical of those recorded in previous bushmeat studies but we recorded several species of birds rarely recorded elsewhere. Offtake of bird species increased with mean body mass. We extrapolated our results to the 34 known hunting camps in the Ebo Forest and estimated that a minimum of 97 birds are hunted annually in a catchment area of c. 479 km2. We conclude that some bird species may be hunted more frequently than previous research suggests and this has important conservation implications for larger-bodied species such as raptors and hornbills.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-02-15},\n\tjournal = {Oryx},\n\tauthor = {Whytock, Robin C. and Buij, Ralph and Virani, Munir Z. and Morgan, Bethan J.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Africa, Cameroon, birds, bushmeat, hornbills, hunting, raptors},\n\tpages = {76--83},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The habitat, nesting and foraging requirements of southern ground-hornbills in the Kruger National Park.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Combrink, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Glenwood, Durban, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{combrink_habitat_2016,\n\taddress = {Glenwood, Durban},\n\ttype = {({PhD} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {The habitat, nesting and foraging requirements of southern ground-hornbills in the {Kruger} {National} {Park}.},\n\turl = {http://hdl.handle.net/10413/15249},\n\tabstract = {Southern ground-hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri are large, terrestrial, carnivorous birds that inhabit the savanna and bushveld habitats of much of Africa, south of the equator. They were once prevalent in north-eastern South Africa, but as a result of extensive habitat loss and persecution, their population has suffered a significant decline. They are currently listed nationally as Endangered and globally as Vulnerable. In an effort to curtail this decline in South Africa, a National Species Recovery Plan was developed, with reintroductions of the birds into suitable habitat outside of protected areas listed as a viable conservation intervention for the species. This plan also highlighted a number of knowledge gaps which need to be addressed and which are essential to the long-term conservation of the species. The exact habitat requirements (including specifics of nest cavities) and the foraging ecology of southern ground-hornbills were both listed as areas where data are lacking. Consequently the main aim of this study was to determine the habitat, nesting and foraging requirements of the southern ground-hornbills with the intention of developing management guidelines for areas planned as reintroduction sites for the species. Our study focused on the population of southern ground-hornbills located within the Kruger National Park. We found that the particular characteristics of the southern ground-hornbill nest (cavity dimensions, tree species, height of cavity etc.) did not affect nesting success of the birds. The proximity of roads was important, with more successful nests being situated closer to roads. Habitat structure and diversity of vegetation around the nest also influenced the success of the particular group, with nests with more open habitats and a wider variety of vegetation types being more successful. Nest cavity temperatures were significantly different to ambient for selected nests studied across the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 breeding seasons. We also found that nest temperature did not affect their nesting success. Interestingly, the artificial nest within our study area showed extremes in temperature (significantly higher and lower than ambient maximum and minimum temperatures, respectively) despite this being one of the most successful nests studied. As southern ground-hornbills are carnivorous, they are known to take a variety of prey items and have been considered generalists. One of the important current questions in foraging ecology is whether generalist populations consist of individuals (or in our case, groups) that are all generalists, or if the generalist population comprises a number of dietary specialists. We tested this theory for southern ground-hornbills using stable isotope analyses of feather and bill samples. Our results show that they are obligate generalists at the group level, suggesting that they access and consume prey species in accordance with their availability in the landscape. At the individual level, based on the two bill samples obtained, there could be some form of specialization occurring. With our relatively small sample size we were unable to determine whether this was in fact specialization or whether these results were reflecting local environmental changes, affecting the isotopic signatures of the vegetation and thereby, prey species of southern ground-hornbills. We used satellite tracking technology to investigate home range sizes and habitat use of southern ground-hornbills within the Kruger National Park and surrounding conservation areas. We then used first-passage time analysis to determine whether certain movement behaviours were influenced by habitat type. We found that there were marked seasonal differences in home range size and that all groups showed a range restriction during the wetter months (coinciding with the breeding season), where activities are concentrated around the nest site. Grassland, open woodland and dense thicket habitats were found to be important habitats for foraging and grassland and open woodland areas were used in accordance with their availability within the groups’ respective territories year-round. The results from this study have been consolidated into recommendations for areas being considered as potential release sites for captive-reared southern ground-hornbills. This research investigated what the habitat, nesting and foraging requirements of southern ground-hornbills are with the aim of adding to the current data on the species as well as addressing these knowledge gaps as highlighted in the National Species Recovery Plan. Each aspect of this PhD study provided results that can be used in current and future conservation interventions, and in particular, reintroductions in areas outside of protected areas. These results are applicable to populations within South Africa, but can also be applied to the species across its range.},\n\tlanguage = {en\\_ZA},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tschool = {University of Kwa-Zulu Natal},\n\tauthor = {Combrink, Leigh},\n\tyear = {2016},\n}\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n Southern ground-hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri are large, terrestrial, carnivorous birds that inhabit the savanna and bushveld habitats of much of Africa, south of the equator. They were once prevalent in north-eastern South Africa, but as a result of extensive habitat loss and persecution, their population has suffered a significant decline. They are currently listed nationally as Endangered and globally as Vulnerable. In an effort to curtail this decline in South Africa, a National Species Recovery Plan was developed, with reintroductions of the birds into suitable habitat outside of protected areas listed as a viable conservation intervention for the species. This plan also highlighted a number of knowledge gaps which need to be addressed and which are essential to the long-term conservation of the species. The exact habitat requirements (including specifics of nest cavities) and the foraging ecology of southern ground-hornbills were both listed as areas where data are lacking. Consequently the main aim of this study was to determine the habitat, nesting and foraging requirements of the southern ground-hornbills with the intention of developing management guidelines for areas planned as reintroduction sites for the species. Our study focused on the population of southern ground-hornbills located within the Kruger National Park. We found that the particular characteristics of the southern ground-hornbill nest (cavity dimensions, tree species, height of cavity etc.) did not affect nesting success of the birds. The proximity of roads was important, with more successful nests being situated closer to roads. Habitat structure and diversity of vegetation around the nest also influenced the success of the particular group, with nests with more open habitats and a wider variety of vegetation types being more successful. Nest cavity temperatures were significantly different to ambient for selected nests studied across the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 breeding seasons. We also found that nest temperature did not affect their nesting success. Interestingly, the artificial nest within our study area showed extremes in temperature (significantly higher and lower than ambient maximum and minimum temperatures, respectively) despite this being one of the most successful nests studied. As southern ground-hornbills are carnivorous, they are known to take a variety of prey items and have been considered generalists. One of the important current questions in foraging ecology is whether generalist populations consist of individuals (or in our case, groups) that are all generalists, or if the generalist population comprises a number of dietary specialists. We tested this theory for southern ground-hornbills using stable isotope analyses of feather and bill samples. Our results show that they are obligate generalists at the group level, suggesting that they access and consume prey species in accordance with their availability in the landscape. At the individual level, based on the two bill samples obtained, there could be some form of specialization occurring. With our relatively small sample size we were unable to determine whether this was in fact specialization or whether these results were reflecting local environmental changes, affecting the isotopic signatures of the vegetation and thereby, prey species of southern ground-hornbills. We used satellite tracking technology to investigate home range sizes and habitat use of southern ground-hornbills within the Kruger National Park and surrounding conservation areas. We then used first-passage time analysis to determine whether certain movement behaviours were influenced by habitat type. We found that there were marked seasonal differences in home range size and that all groups showed a range restriction during the wetter months (coinciding with the breeding season), where activities are concentrated around the nest site. Grassland, open woodland and dense thicket habitats were found to be important habitats for foraging and grassland and open woodland areas were used in accordance with their availability within the groups’ respective territories year-round. The results from this study have been consolidated into recommendations for areas being considered as potential release sites for captive-reared southern ground-hornbills. This research investigated what the habitat, nesting and foraging requirements of southern ground-hornbills are with the aim of adding to the current data on the species as well as addressing these knowledge gaps as highlighted in the National Species Recovery Plan. Each aspect of this PhD study provided results that can be used in current and future conservation interventions, and in particular, reintroductions in areas outside of protected areas. These results are applicable to populations within South Africa, but can also be applied to the species across its range.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Tockus leucomelas.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n International), B. I. (.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n October 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"IUCN$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{international_iucn_2016,\n\ttitle = {{IUCN} {Red} {List} of {Threatened} {Species}: {Tockus} leucomelas},\n\tshorttitle = {{IUCN} {Red} {List} of {Threatened} {Species}},\n\turl = {https://www.iucnredlist.org/en},\n\tabstract = {Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-22},\n\tjournal = {IUCN Red List of Threatened Species},\n\tauthor = {International), BirdLife International (BirdLife},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2016},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Tockus flavirostris.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n International), B. I. (.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n October 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"IUCN$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{international_iucn_2016,\n\ttitle = {{IUCN} {Red} {List} of {Threatened} {Species}: {Tockus} flavirostris},\n\tshorttitle = {{IUCN} {Red} {List} of {Threatened} {Species}},\n\turl = {https://www.iucnredlist.org/en},\n\tabstract = {Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-22},\n\tjournal = {IUCN Red List of Threatened Species},\n\tauthor = {International), BirdLife International (BirdLife},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2016},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Tockus deckeni.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n International), B. I. (.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n October 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"IUCN$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{international_iucn_2016,\n\ttitle = {{IUCN} {Red} {List} of {Threatened} {Species}: {Tockus} deckeni},\n\tshorttitle = {{IUCN} {Red} {List} of {Threatened} {Species}},\n\turl = {https://www.iucnredlist.org/en},\n\tabstract = {Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-22},\n\tjournal = {IUCN Red List of Threatened Species},\n\tauthor = {International), BirdLife International (BirdLife},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2016},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Patterns of roost site selection and use by Southern Ground-Hornbills in north-eastern South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zoghby, B. A; Little, R. M; Ryan, P. G; and Hockey, P. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 87(2): 125–130. May 2016.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2016.1156180\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Patterns$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{zoghby_patterns_2016,\n\ttitle = {Patterns of roost site selection and use by {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbills} in north-eastern {South} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {87},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2016.1156180},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306525.2016.1156180},\n\tabstract = {Different habitats may be used for the needs of various aspects of an animal’s life. Southern Ground-Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri groups announce their presence within year-round territories by calling at dawn from their overnight roost sites. Knowledge on ground-hornbill roosting habits is limited. Groups roost in large trees, apparently close to where they end up after daily foraging. We investigated patterns of roost site selection and use for four Southern Ground-Hornbill groups in the Associated Private Nature Reserves, north-eastern South Africa, based on data from GPS-satellite transmitters. The number of roost sites used per month averaged 15.4 ± 4.7 across all groups, indicating little evidence of strong preferences for specific sites. This number was least when groups were breeding, decreasing throughout the early wet season (October–December) and was lowest during the late wet season (January–March) when actively breeding groups frequently roosted close to the nest (54–83\\% of roosts {\\textless}1 000 m of the nest). As might be expected, the mean monthly number of nights per roost peaked during the breeding season (December–January). Riparian habitats were preferred for roosting during the breeding season, whereas disturbed areas, as well as Combretumand mopane-dominated habitats were preferred during the dry non-breeding season. Adequate large trees not only for nesting, but also for roosting, particularly in riparian habitats, may therefore be an important and potentially limiting factor for the successful reproduction of Southern Ground-Hornbills.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Zoghby, Blair A and Little, Rob M and Ryan, Peter G and Hockey, Philip AR},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2016.1156180},\n\tkeywords = {Bucorvus leadbeateri, Southern Ground-Hornbill, habitat use, large trees, riparian habitats, roost sites},\n\tpages = {125--130},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Regulation of Heat Exchange across the Hornbill Beak: Functional Similarities with Toucans?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ven, T. M. F. N. v. d.; Martin, R. O.; Vink, T. J. F.; McKechnie, A. E.; and Cunningham, S. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PLOS ONE, 11(5): e0154768. May 2016.\n Publisher: Public Library of Science\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Regulation$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{ven_regulation_2016,\n\ttitle = {Regulation of {Heat} {Exchange} across the {Hornbill} {Beak}: {Functional} {Similarities} with {Toucans}?},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1932-6203},\n\tshorttitle = {Regulation of {Heat} {Exchange} across the {Hornbill} {Beak}},\n\turl = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154768},\n\tdoi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0154768},\n\tabstract = {Beaks are increasingly recognised as important contributors to avian thermoregulation. Several studies supporting Allen’s rule demonstrate how beak size is under strong selection related to latitude and/or air temperature (Ta). Moreover, active regulation of heat transfer from the beak has recently been demonstrated in a toucan (Ramphastos toco, Ramphastidae), with the large beak acting as an important contributor to heat dissipation. We hypothesised that hornbills (Bucerotidae) likewise use their large beaks for non-evaporative heat dissipation, and used thermal imaging to quantify heat exchange over a range of air temperatures in eighteen desert-living Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills (Tockus leucomelas). We found that hornbills dissipate heat via the beak at air temperatures between 30.7°C and 41.4°C. The difference between beak surface and environmental temperatures abruptly increased when air temperature was within {\\textasciitilde}10°C below body temperature, indicating active regulation of heat loss. Maximum observed heat loss via the beak was 19.9\\% of total non-evaporative heat loss across the body surface. Heat loss per unit surface area via the beak more than doubled at Ta {\\textgreater} 30.7°C compared to Ta {\\textless} 30.7°C and at its peak dissipated 25.1 W m-2. Maximum heat flux rate across the beak of toucans under comparable convective conditions was calculated to be as high as 61.4 W m-2. The threshold air temperature at which toucans vasodilated their beak was lower than that of the hornbills, and thus had a larger potential for heat loss at lower air temperatures. Respiratory cooling (panting) thresholds were also lower in toucans compared to hornbills. Both beak vasodilation and panting threshold temperatures are potentially explained by differences in acclimation to environmental conditions and in the efficiency of evaporative cooling under differing environmental conditions. We speculate that non-evaporative heat dissipation may be a particularly important mechanism for animals inhabiting humid regions, such as toucans, and less critical for animals residing in more arid conditions, such as Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills. Alternatively, differences in beak morphology and hardness enforced by different diets may affect the capacity of birds to use the beak for non-evaporative heat loss.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {PLOS ONE},\n\tauthor = {Ven, T. M. F. N. van de and Martin, R. O. and Vink, T. J. F. and McKechnie, A. E. and Cunningham, S. J.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},\n\tkeywords = {Birds, Body temperature, Humidity, Mandible, Surface temperature, Temperature gradients, Thermocouples, Vapors},\n\tpages = {e0154768},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n Beaks are increasingly recognised as important contributors to avian thermoregulation. Several studies supporting Allen’s rule demonstrate how beak size is under strong selection related to latitude and/or air temperature (Ta). Moreover, active regulation of heat transfer from the beak has recently been demonstrated in a toucan (Ramphastos toco, Ramphastidae), with the large beak acting as an important contributor to heat dissipation. We hypothesised that hornbills (Bucerotidae) likewise use their large beaks for non-evaporative heat dissipation, and used thermal imaging to quantify heat exchange over a range of air temperatures in eighteen desert-living Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills (Tockus leucomelas). We found that hornbills dissipate heat via the beak at air temperatures between 30.7°C and 41.4°C. The difference between beak surface and environmental temperatures abruptly increased when air temperature was within ~10°C below body temperature, indicating active regulation of heat loss. Maximum observed heat loss via the beak was 19.9% of total non-evaporative heat loss across the body surface. Heat loss per unit surface area via the beak more than doubled at Ta \\textgreater 30.7°C compared to Ta \\textless 30.7°C and at its peak dissipated 25.1 W m-2. Maximum heat flux rate across the beak of toucans under comparable convective conditions was calculated to be as high as 61.4 W m-2. The threshold air temperature at which toucans vasodilated their beak was lower than that of the hornbills, and thus had a larger potential for heat loss at lower air temperatures. Respiratory cooling (panting) thresholds were also lower in toucans compared to hornbills. Both beak vasodilation and panting threshold temperatures are potentially explained by differences in acclimation to environmental conditions and in the efficiency of evaporative cooling under differing environmental conditions. We speculate that non-evaporative heat dissipation may be a particularly important mechanism for animals inhabiting humid regions, such as toucans, and less critical for animals residing in more arid conditions, such as Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills. Alternatively, differences in beak morphology and hardness enforced by different diets may affect the capacity of birds to use the beak for non-evaporative heat loss.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tanzania Red-billed Hornbill Tockus ruahae feeding on a Giant Water Bug.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Werema, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scopus, 36(2): 52–53. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Tanzania$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{werema_tanzania_2016,\n\ttitle = {Tanzania {Red}-billed {Hornbill} {Tockus} ruahae feeding on a {Giant} {Water} {Bug}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/149-734-602-477-698},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Scopus},\n\tauthor = {Werema, Chacha},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {52--53},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Foreword by Dr. Alan Kemp.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alan, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Malayan Nature Journal, 67(2): 1–. January 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Foreword$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{alan_foreword_2016,\n\ttitle = {Foreword by {Dr}. {Alan} {Kemp}},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/076-129-699-345-197},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Malayan Nature Journal},\n\tauthor = {Alan, Kemp},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {1--},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Diet of the Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Bycanistes brevis during the breeding season in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cordeiro, N. J; Campbell, J. T; and Ndangalasi, H. J\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 87(1): 67–72. January 2016.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2015.1129995\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Diet$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{cordeiro_diet_2016,\n\ttitle = {Diet of the {Silvery}-cheeked {Hornbill} {Bycanistes} brevis during the breeding season in the {East} {Usambara} {Mountains}, {Tanzania}},\n\tvolume = {87},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2015.1129995},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306525.2015.1129995},\n\tabstract = {The breeding season diet and nesting characteristics of the Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Bycanistes brevis are poorly known. To further understand these aspects of the breeding biology of this hornbill species, 14 nests were studied in and around Amani Nature Reserve located in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Nesting tree species were identified and the diet composition of nesting hornbills was evaluated between July and November 2001. The ejecta from each nest were collected, inventoried, identified (as completely as possible) and enumerated. Food items were categorised as plant, vertebrate or invertebrate. Plants, represented largely by fruits, were the dominant food type (n = 861), followed by invertebrates (n = 306; mainly millipedes and beetles), and vertebrates (n = 15; mainly smaller birds and chameleons). A comparison of results from the current study to other nesting observations made approximately seven decades earlier in the same area suggest that (1) the invasive tree species Maesopsis eminii, which was the most common food type consumed (n = 4 539 seeds), has become a favoured new food source in the breeding season, and (2) the breeding season appears to have shifted to an earlier period, potentially due to the fruiting phenology and abundance of Maesopsis eminii.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Cordeiro, Norbert J and Campbell, Joshua T and Ndangalasi, Henry J},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2015.1129995},\n\tkeywords = {Eastern Arc, Maesopsis eminii, breeding, fruit, hornbill, invasive species},\n\tpages = {67--72},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Aspects of the ecology of trumpeter hornbill (bycanistes bucinator) across urban-forest mosaics in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chibesa, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Aspects$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{chibesa_aspects_2016,\n\ttype = {({PhD} {Thesis}).},\n\ttitle = {Aspects of the ecology of trumpeter hornbill (bycanistes bucinator) across urban-forest mosaics in {KwaZulu}-{Natal}, {South} {Africa}.},\n\turl = {http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14981},\n\tabstract = {Abstract available in PDF file.},\n\tlanguage = {en\\_ZA},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tschool = {University of Kwa-Zulu Natal},\n\tauthor = {Chibesa, Moses},\n\tyear = {2016},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2015\n \n \n (12)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Avian diversity and assemblages around Ruacana Waterfall, north-western Namibia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kopij, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Science and Technology Journal of Namibia,084–096. April 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Avian$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kopij_avian_2015,\n\ttitle = {Avian diversity and assemblages around {Ruacana} {Waterfall}, north-western {Namibia}.},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c)},\n\tissn = {2026-7673},\n\turl = {https://journals.unam.edu.na/index.php/ISTJN/article/view/1175},\n\tabstract = {In 2011-2012, the line transect method was employed to study avian assemblages in the Koakoland (Mopane) Savanna around the Ruacana waterfall in the Kunene Region, north-western Namibia. In total 64 resident species were recorded, a number which was high in comparison with other bushy habitats. Simpson\\&\\#8217;s Diversity Index was also high (S = 0.96). Group of dominant species (32.4\\%) comprised Streptopelia capicola, Tockus erythrorhynchus, Plocepasser mahali, Pycnonotis nigricans and Lanioturdus torquatus. The following species recorded as resident around Ruacana Waterfall were endemic to Namibia: Poicephalus rueppellii, Phoeniculus damarensis, Lanioturdus torquatus, Tockus damarensis and Parus carpi. Although the difference between the riparian and dry variety of the Mopane Savanna was insignificant in terms of biodiversity (S = 0.97 and S = 0.92 respectively), the number of species in dry bush was much lower than in the riparian bush ( 2-test = 4.76; p \\&\\#60; 0.05). Also the S\\&\\#168;orensen similarity coefficient was unexpectedly low between the two habitat varieties (I = 0.48).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-03},\n\tjournal = {International Science and Technology Journal of Namibia},\n\tauthor = {Kopij, Grzegorz},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {084--096},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Seasonal changes in movement and habitat use by Southern Ground-Hornbills in the South African lowveld.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zoghby, B. A.; Ryan, P. G.; Little, R. M.; Reid, T.; and Hockey, P. A. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 86(1-2): 87–95. April 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Seasonal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{zoghby_seasonal_2015,\n\ttitle = {Seasonal changes in movement and habitat use by {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbills} in the {South} {African} lowveld},\n\tvolume = {86},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/134-253-706-658-424},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306525.2015.1030794},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Zoghby, Blair A. and Ryan, Peter G. and Little, Rob M. and Reid, Tim and Hockey, Philip A. R.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Bucorvus leadbeateri, Southern Ground-Hornbill, habitat use, movement patterns},\n\tpages = {87--95},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Systematic and taxonomic issues concerning some East African bird species, notably those where treatment varies between authors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Turner, D. A.; and Pearson, D. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scopus: Journal of East African Ornithology, 34: 1–23. January 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Systematic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{turner_systematic_2015,\n\ttitle = {Systematic and taxonomic issues concerning some {East} {African} bird species, notably those where treatment varies between authors},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c)},\n\tissn = {2313-1799},\n\turl = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/scopus/article/view/111946},\n\tabstract = {The taxonomy of various East African bird species is discussed. Fourteen of the non-passerines and forty-eight of the passerines listed in Britton (1980) are considered, with reference to treatments by various subsequent authors. Twenty-three species splits are recommended from the treatment in Britton (op. cit.), and one lump, the inclusion of Jackson’s Hornbill Tockus jacksoni as a race of T. deckeni.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-10-17},\n\tjournal = {Scopus: Journal of East African Ornithology},\n\tauthor = {Turner, D. A. and Pearson, D. J.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {1--23},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mercury concentrations in eggshells of the Southern Ground-Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Wattled Crane (Bugeranus carunculatus) in South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Daso, A. P.; Okonkwo, J. O.; Jansen, R.; Brandao, J. D. D. O.; and Kotzé, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 114: 61–66. April 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Mercury$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{daso_mercury_2015,\n\ttitle = {Mercury concentrations in eggshells of the {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} (\\textit{{Bucorvus} leadbeateri}) and {Wattled} {Crane} (\\textit{{Bugeranus} carunculatus}) in {South} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {114},\n\tissn = {0147-6513},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651315000111},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.01.010},\n\tabstract = {In this study, wild hatched eggshells were collected from the nests of threatened Wattled Crane and South Ground-Hornbill in an attempt to determine their total Hg concentrations. A total of fourteen eggshell samples from both bird species were collected from different study areas in the Mpumlanga and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces of South Africa. The eggshells were acid digested under reflux and their total Hg concentrations were determined using cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CV-AAS). The observed total Hg levels for the South Ground-Hornbill samples ranged from 1.31 to 8.88µgg−1 dry weight (dw), except for one outlier which had an elevated 75.0µgg−1 dw. The levels obtained for the Wattled Crane samples were relatively high and these ranged from 14.84 to 36.37µgg−1 dw. Generally, all the measured total Hg concentrations for the Wattled Crane samples exceeded the estimated total Hg levels derived for eggshell which were known to cause adverse reproductive effects in avian species from previous studies. Based on these findings, it is, therefore, possible that the exposure of these birds to elevated Hg may have contributed to their present population decline.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},\n\tauthor = {Daso, Adegbenro P. and Okonkwo, Jonathan O. and Jansen, Raymond and Brandao, José D. D. O. and Kotzé, Antoinette},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Eggshells, Reproduction, Southern Ground-Hornbill, Total mercury, Wattled Crane},\n\tpages = {61--66},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Lead toxicosis in a southern ground hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri in South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koeppel, K. N.; and Kemp, L. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 29(4): 340–344. 2015.\n Publisher: BioOne\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Lead$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{koeppel_lead_2015,\n\ttitle = {Lead toxicosis in a southern ground hornbill {Bucorvus} leadbeateri in {South} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\turl = {https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-avian-medicine-and-surgery/volume-29/issue-4/2014-037/Lead-Toxicosis-in-a-Southern-Ground-Hornbill--Bucorvus-leadbeateriin/10.1647/2014-037.short},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery},\n\tauthor = {Koeppel, Katja N. and Kemp, Lucy V.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Publisher: BioOne},\n\tkeywords = {Animals, Bird Diseases, Birds, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Chelating Agents, Edetic Acid, Female, Lead, Lead Poisoning, South Africa, avian, endangered species, lead, southern ground hornbill, toxicosis},\n\tpages = {340--344},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The ecology and conservation of Asian hornbills: farmers of the forest.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Naish, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Historical Biology, 27(7): 954–956. October 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{naish_ecology_2015,\n\ttitle = {The ecology and conservation of {Asian} hornbills: farmers of the forest},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {0891-2963, 1029-2381},\n\tshorttitle = {The ecology and conservation of {Asian} hornbills},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2014.919757},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/08912963.2014.919757},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Historical Biology},\n\tauthor = {Naish, Darren},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {954--956},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nomadism and seasonal range expansion in a large frugivorous bird.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lenz, J.; Böhning-Gaese, K.; Fiedler, W.; and Mueller, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ecography, 38: 54–62. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nomadism$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{lenz_nomadism_2015,\n\ttitle = {Nomadism and seasonal range expansion in a large frugivorous bird},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\turl = {https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecog.00522},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/ecog.00522},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Ecography},\n\tauthor = {Lenz, Johanna and Böhning-Gaese, Katrin and Fiedler, Wolfgang and Mueller, Thomas},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {54--62},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Birds of Somalia: new records, range extensions and observations from Somaliland.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mills, M. S. L.; and Cohen, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scopus: Journal of East African Ornithology, 34: 31–39. January 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Birds$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{mills_birds_2015,\n\ttitle = {Birds of {Somalia}: new records, range extensions and observations from {Somaliland}},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c)},\n\tissn = {2313-1799},\n\tshorttitle = {Birds of {Somalia}},\n\turl = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/scopus/article/view/111950},\n\tabstract = {Due to recent political instability and unrest across the Horn of Africa region, Somaliland (the northwest sector of Somalia) is ornithologically little-known. This is despite it being a peaceful and stable state, and its avifauna being summarized in the recently-published Birds of the Horn of Africa (Redman et al. 2009). We present new information on the ranges and dates of occurrence for 71 species in Somaliland, based on our visit from 17 to 31 May 2010. These include three species not recorded before from Somaliland, namely Von der Decken’s Hornbill Tockus deckeni, Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis and Pale Flycatcher Bradornis pallidus.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Scopus: Journal of East African Ornithology},\n\tauthor = {Mills, M. S. L. and Cohen, C.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {31--39},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bilateral Malignant Seminomas in Two Unrelated, Aged Trumpeter Hornbills (Bycanistes buccinator).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wernick, M. B.; Tobias, J. R.; Moeller, R. B.; Barnes, J.; Palmieri, C.; and Shivaprasad, H. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 29(2): 125–129. June 2015.\n Publisher: Association of Avian Veterinarians\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Bilateral$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{wernick_bilateral_2015,\n\ttitle = {Bilateral {Malignant} {Seminomas} in {Two} {Unrelated}, {Aged} {Trumpeter} {Hornbills} ({Bycanistes} buccinator)},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {1082-6742, 1938-2871},\n\turl = {https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-avian-medicine-and-surgery/volume-29/issue-2/2014-022/Bilateral-Malignant-Seminomas-in-Two-Unrelated-Aged-Trumpeter-Hornbills-Bycanistes/10.1647/2014-022.full},\n\tdoi = {10.1647/2014-022},\n\tabstract = {Seminomas occur infrequently in birds. Two cases of bilateral malignant seminomas in unrelated trumpeter hornbills (Bycanistes buccinator) are described. Case 1 was a 22-year-old trumpeter hornbill submitted for necropsy because of sudden death at a zoo in California. Postmortem examination revealed multiple masses within the body cavity, 2 of which replaced both testes. Case 2 was a 19-year-old trumpeter hornbill at a zoo in North Carolina that underwent exploratory surgery for a suspected gastrointestinal obstruction. Both testes were diffusely enlarged, compressing and replacing the adjacent kidneys. In both birds, the masses were composed of discrete, round to polyhedral cells, typical of seminomas. Examination of the ancestry of the hornbills showed they were unrelated to each other, suggesting a potential predisposition for these birds to develop seminomas.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery},\n\tauthor = {Wernick, Morena B. and Tobias, Jeremy R. and Moeller, Robert B. and Barnes, John and Palmieri, Chiara and Shivaprasad, H. L.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Association of Avian Veterinarians},\n\tpages = {125--129},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Trade of ‘captive-bred’ birds from the Solomon Islands: a closer look at the global trade in hornbills.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nijman, V.; and Shepherd, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Malayan Nature Journal, 67: 260–266. December 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{nijman_trade_2015,\n\ttitle = {Trade of ‘captive-bred’ birds from the {Solomon} {Islands}: a closer look at the global trade in hornbills},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\tshorttitle = {Trade of ‘captive-bred’ birds from the {Solomon} {Islands}},\n\tabstract = {Southeast Asia is believed to be responsible for an estimated 25\\% of the global illegal wildlife trade, often involving organised criminal syndicates that spanning throughout Southeast Asia and beyond. Many of the species traded in Southeast Asia are sourced elsewhere before being laundered into the global market. This illegal trade is a major threat to many species of birds, and hornbills are no exception. Increasingly, the origins of species traded internationally are falsely declared. Often, specimens are declared as being captive-bred, when in fact the specimens are wild-caught. This form of fraud is difficult to detect and a lack of monitoring and expertise among enforcement agencies provides an opportunity for unscrupulous dealers to carry out this illegal trade undetected. The Papuan Hornbill Aceros plicatus does not lend itself for captive breeding at a commercial scale. In general, hornbills reproduce slowly, have relatively small clutch sizes and take a long time to mature. Yet relatively large volumes of this species have been exported from the Solomon Islands, via Southeast Asia, into the global market, with many of them being declared as captive-bred. From 2002 to 2010, close to 1000 Papuan Hornbills were imported from the Solomon Islands, with more than half being declared as captive-bred. The majority of the hornbills were exported to Singapore. This paper examines this trade, the claims of commercial captive breeding, and sheds light on the large-scale laundering of wild-caught hornbills and other bird species from the Solomon Islands into the global market place.},\n\tjournal = {Malayan Nature Journal},\n\tauthor = {Nijman, Vincent and Shepherd, Chris},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {260--266},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in eggshells of the Southern Ground-Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Wattled Crane (Bugeranus carunculatus) in South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Daso, A. P.; Okonkwo, J. O.; Jansen, R.; Forbes, P. B. C.; Kotzé, A.; and Rohwer, E. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Chemosphere, 118: 284–292. January 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Polybrominated$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{daso_polybrominated_2015,\n\ttitle = {Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ({PBDEs}) in eggshells of the {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} (\\textit{{Bucorvus} leadbeateri}) and {Wattled} {Crane} (\\textit{{Bugeranus} carunculatus}) in {South} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {118},\n\tissn = {0045-6535},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653514011394},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.063},\n\tabstract = {This study was undertaken to assess the levels of eight PBDE congeners, namely: PBDE-17, 47, 100, 99, 154, 153, 183 and 209 in eggshells of Southern Ground-Hornbill (SGH) Bucorvus leadbeateri and Wattled Crane (WC) Bugeranus carunculatus obtained from different nesting sites within the eastern savanna of Limpopo Province and the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal, respectively. Analyses were performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry employing the electron impact ionization technique. The results obtained indicated that the lower brominated congeners were predominant in both species. The total PBDEs ranged between not detected (ND) to 264μgg−1 lipid weight and 5.98–7146μgg−1 lipid weight in the SGH and WC samples, respectively. More so, the mean recoveries of the 13C-labelled surrogate standards ranged between 40\\% (PBDE-100) and 136\\% (PBDE-99). The potential hazards to these birds via PBDEs exposure were evaluated by determining the hazard quotients (HQs) by employing the established Lowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL) values associated with impaired pipping and hatching success as well as that associated with impaired reproduction. HQs values varying from 0.58 to 0.94 and 27.71 to 45.27, respectively were obtained for SGH and WC species. This implies that the SGH populations are exposed to low to moderate hazards, while the WC populations are susceptible to high hazards. Considering the potential threats posed by PBDEs, particularly to the WC species, it is likely that exposure to the current environmental levels of PBDEs by these birds may contribute to their reduced breeding success and declining population trends.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Chemosphere},\n\tauthor = {Daso, Adegbenro P. and Okonkwo, Jonathan O. and Jansen, Raymond and Forbes, Patricia B. C. and Kotzé, Antoinette and Rohwer, Egmont R.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Eggshell, PBDEs, Reproduction, Southern Ground-Hornbill, Wattled Crane},\n\tpages = {284--292},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fine-scale movements and habitat use of the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus Leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zoghby, B. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Fine-scale$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{zoghby_fine-scale_2015,\n\taddress = {Rondebosch, Cape Town},\n\ttype = {({Master} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Fine-scale movements and habitat use of the {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} {Bucorvus} {Leadbeateri}},\n\turl = {http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15581},\n\tabstract = {Southern Ground-Hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri are listed as Endangered in South Africa and there is a concerted effort to reverse their population decline. Understanding the factors affecting their movement patterns and how they interact with their habitat is useful to inform conservation and habitat management options for the species, to select sites for artificial nests and to identify suitable areas for reintroduction initiatives. In this study, I report daily and seasonal patterns of habitat use as well as patterns of roost site use of four Southern Ground-Hornbill groups in the Associated Private Nature Reserves, northeast South Africa, based on data from GPS-satellite tags collected over one year from October 2010 to September 2011. Home ranges varied from 5.9-10.3 km² and were larger in winter than during the summer breeding season. Daily travel distances were greater during the breeding season, when birds were constrained to forage close to their nest, and were lower in winter, when birds ranged more widely. Hourly travel distances were affected by time of day, season, air temperature and group. Birds travelled farthest per hour in the morning, decreasing in the afternoon in winter. However, in summer hourly travel distances were bimodally distributed, with a minimum during the middle of the day when ambient temperatures exceed 25⁰C. Acacia-dominated vegetation and riparian habitats were favoured disproportionately during the heat of the day in summer, presumably because they offer more shade than other habitats. The number of roost sites used per month decreased progressively throughout the Early Wet season (October-December) and was lowest during the Late Wet season (January-March) for three groups that bred successfully. Mean monthly nights per roost were highest for these groups in the Early Wet and Late Wet seasons, specifically over December and January, coinciding with the peak breeding period. Throughout the Early Wet season, all four groups frequently roosted in close proximity to the nest, with 54-83\\% of roosts being within 1 000 m of the nest. During the Wet season, riparian habitats were favoured for roosting by the three groups that bred successfully, while during the dry season, disturbed areas, combretum-dominated habitats and mopane-dominated habitats were used. I conclude that the optimal habitat configurations for ground-hornbills include a mosaic of habitat types, including open areas for foraging and dense trees for shade as well as adequate large trees for nesting and roosting, particularly in riparian habitats.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tschool = {University of Cape Town},\n\tauthor = {Zoghby, Blair Anthony},\n\tyear = {2015},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n Southern Ground-Hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri are listed as Endangered in South Africa and there is a concerted effort to reverse their population decline. Understanding the factors affecting their movement patterns and how they interact with their habitat is useful to inform conservation and habitat management options for the species, to select sites for artificial nests and to identify suitable areas for reintroduction initiatives. In this study, I report daily and seasonal patterns of habitat use as well as patterns of roost site use of four Southern Ground-Hornbill groups in the Associated Private Nature Reserves, northeast South Africa, based on data from GPS-satellite tags collected over one year from October 2010 to September 2011. Home ranges varied from 5.9-10.3 km² and were larger in winter than during the summer breeding season. Daily travel distances were greater during the breeding season, when birds were constrained to forage close to their nest, and were lower in winter, when birds ranged more widely. Hourly travel distances were affected by time of day, season, air temperature and group. Birds travelled farthest per hour in the morning, decreasing in the afternoon in winter. However, in summer hourly travel distances were bimodally distributed, with a minimum during the middle of the day when ambient temperatures exceed 25⁰C. Acacia-dominated vegetation and riparian habitats were favoured disproportionately during the heat of the day in summer, presumably because they offer more shade than other habitats. The number of roost sites used per month decreased progressively throughout the Early Wet season (October-December) and was lowest during the Late Wet season (January-March) for three groups that bred successfully. Mean monthly nights per roost were highest for these groups in the Early Wet and Late Wet seasons, specifically over December and January, coinciding with the peak breeding period. Throughout the Early Wet season, all four groups frequently roosted in close proximity to the nest, with 54-83% of roosts being within 1 000 m of the nest. During the Wet season, riparian habitats were favoured for roosting by the three groups that bred successfully, while during the dry season, disturbed areas, combretum-dominated habitats and mopane-dominated habitats were used. I conclude that the optimal habitat configurations for ground-hornbills include a mosaic of habitat types, including open areas for foraging and dense trees for shade as well as adequate large trees for nesting and roosting, particularly in riparian habitats.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hornbills of the World: a Photographic Guide.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hancock, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich. January 2014.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Hornbills$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{hancock_hornbills_2014,\n\ttitle = {Hornbills of the {World}: a {Photographic} {Guide}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © NISC (Pty) Ltd},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\tshorttitle = {Hornbills of the {World}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2014.909084},\n\tabstract = {(2014). Hornbills of the World: a Photographic Guide. Ostrich: Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 107-108.},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\turldate = {2025-02-15},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Hancock, Peter},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill breeding in electricity pole.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Retief, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2014.\n Type: Biodiversity Observations 251–251.\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{retief_southern_2014,\n\ttitle = {Southern {Yellow}-billed {Hornbill} breeding in electricity pole},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Biodiversity Observations},\n\tauthor = {Retief, E.F.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Type: Biodiversity Observations 251–251.},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ground hornbill, Skukuza, Kruger National Park, South Africa - October 1986.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bothma, J. d. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. February 2014.\n Accepted: 2014-02-27T13:18:17Z Artwork Medium: JPG Interview Medium: JPG\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ground$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{bothma_ground_2014,\n\ttitle = {Ground hornbill, {Skukuza}, {Kruger} {National} {Park}, {South} {Africa} - {October} 1986},\n\tcopyright = {©University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. (Original and digital).  CC by-SA The work (as defined below) is provided under the terms of this creative commons public license ("ccpl" or "license"). The work is protected by copyright and/or other applicable law. any use of the work other than as authorized under this license or copyright law is prohibited. By exercising any rights to the work provided here, you accept and agree to be bound by the terms of this license to the extent this license may be considered to be a contract, the licensor grants you the rights contained here in consideration of your acceptance of such terms and conditions. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/36926},\n\tabstract = {av2014},\n\turldate = {2025-02-05},\n\tjournal = {University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Veterinary Tropical Diseases},\n\tauthor = {Bothma, Jacobus du P.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Accepted: 2014-02-27T13:18:17Z\nArtwork Medium: JPG\nInterview Medium: JPG},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ground hornbill, Satara, Kruger National Park, South Africa - January 2000.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bothma, J. d. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. February 2014.\n Accepted: 2014-02-27T13:26:34Z Artwork Medium: JPG Interview Medium: JPG\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ground$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{bothma_ground_2014,\n\ttitle = {Ground hornbill, {Satara}, {Kruger} {National} {Park}, {South} {Africa} - {January} 2000},\n\tcopyright = {©University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. (Original and digital).  CC by-SA The work (as defined below) is provided under the terms of this creative commons public license ("ccpl" or "license"). The work is protected by copyright and/or other applicable law. any use of the work other than as authorized under this license or copyright law is prohibited. By exercising any rights to the work provided here, you accept and agree to be bound by the terms of this license to the extent this license may be considered to be a contract, the licensor grants you the rights contained here in consideration of your acceptance of such terms and conditions. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/36940},\n\tabstract = {av2014},\n\turldate = {2025-02-05},\n\tjournal = {University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Veterinary Tropical Diseases},\n\tauthor = {Bothma, Jacobus du P.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Accepted: 2014-02-27T13:26:34Z\nArtwork Medium: JPG\nInterview Medium: JPG},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Distribution and abundance of hornbills in some selected matrices/landscapes in southern Ghana.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dzitse, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Coast, May 2014.\n Accepted: 2016-04-19T11:03:07Z ISSN: 23105496\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Distribution$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{dzitse_distribution_2014,\n\ttype = {({Master} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Distribution and abundance of hornbills in some selected matrices/landscapes in southern {Ghana}},\n\turl = {http://ir.ucc.edu.gh/jspui/handle/123456789/2542},\n\tabstract = {A study of the seasonal patterns of distribution and abundance of hornbills was carried out from October 2010 to September 2011 in six protected areas of the Upper Guinea Forest of Ghana, a sacred grove, two urban settlements and a biodiversity plot in four regions of Ghana. The study compared the effects of the rainy and dry seasons on the distribution and abundance of hornbills in different matrix types. More hornbills were recorded in the dry season than in the rainy season. Five hornbill species were recorded. They were: Ceratogymna atrata (Black-casqued Hornbill), Tockus fasciatus (African Pied Hornbill), Tockus hartlaubi (Black Dwarf), Bycanistes fistulator (Piping Hornbill) and Tropicranus albocristatus (White-crested Hornbill). Although the occurrence of Bycanistes cylindricus was expected, its absence is an indication of the high level of destruction of Ghana’s forests, even protected areas. The study reveals that the populations of Ghana’s hornbills may be low. The generally low abundance in some of the study areas may probably be due to effects of prolonged disturbance within their home ranges resulting from mining, logging, hunting and clearing of forests for farming. Examination of the knowledge possessed by indigenous people on aspects of hornbill ecology and possible threats faced by these species indicated that hornbills were currently over exploited. Given this current and other known threats to African forest-dwelling hornbills, this study serves as a basis on which the status of these species may be reviewed periodically.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tschool = {University of Cape Coast},\n\tauthor = {Dzitse, Selasi},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Accepted: 2016-04-19T11:03:07Z\nISSN: 23105496},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Egg-capping in the Southern Ground-Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carstens, K. F\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 85(1): 89–91. January 2014.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2014.895438\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Egg-capping$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{carstens_egg-capping_2014,\n\ttitle = {Egg-capping in the {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri},\n\tvolume = {85},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2014.895438},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306525.2014.895438},\n\tabstract = {‘Egg-capping’ describes occurrences of the empty shell from a hatched egg slipping over an unhatched egg from the same clutch. It is a rare phenomenon, occurring typically in {\\textless}2\\% of nests monitored. Here I report the first two observed cases of egg-capping in the endangered Southern Ground-Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri. In north-eastern South Africa, egg-capping occurred in 4.3\\% of nests that contained two eggs with one or more surviving to hatching.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Carstens, Kathleen F},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2014.895438},\n\tkeywords = {Associated Private Nature Reserves, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Southern Ground-Hornbill, egg-capping},\n\tpages = {89--91},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Short Note Egg-capping in the Southern Ground-Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carstens, K. F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 85(1). May 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Short$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{carstens_short_2014,\n\ttitle = {Short {Note} {Egg}-capping in the {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri},\n\tvolume = {85},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/067-774-838-289-128},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Carstens, Kathleen F.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2014},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Frugivorous Hornbill Movements in Central Africa and their Implications for Rain Forest Conservation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chasar, A.; Harrigan, R. J.; Holbrook, K. M.; Dietsch, T. V.; Fuller, T. L.; Wikelski, M.; and Smith, T. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biotropica, 46(6): 763–770. 2014.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/btp.12160\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Spatial$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{chasar_spatial_2014,\n\ttitle = {Spatial and {Temporal} {Patterns} of {Frugivorous} {Hornbill} {Movements} in {Central} {Africa} and their {Implications} for {Rain} {Forest} {Conservation}},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tcopyright = {© 2014 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation},\n\tissn = {1744-7429},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/btp.12160},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/btp.12160},\n\tabstract = {Tropical forest conservation and restoration require an understanding of the movements and habitat preferences of important seed dispersers. With forests now being altered at an unprecedented rate, avian frugivores are becoming increasingly vital for forest regeneration. Seed movement, however, is highly dependent on the behavioral characteristics of their dispersers. Here, we examined the movements, habitat preferences, and range sizes of two African frugivores: the Black-casqued (Ceratogymna atrata) and the White-thighed (Bycanistes albotibialis) Hornbill, in the lowland rain forests of southern Cameroon. Using satellite transmitters, we tracked eight hornbills for 3 yr to characterize their movements and relate them to environmental landscape features. Hornbill movements differed significantly, with B. albotibialis ranging over larger areas (mean = 20,274 ha) than C. atrata (mean = 5604 ha), and females of both species covering over 15 times the area of males. Evidence suggests that movements are irruptive during particular periods, perhaps driven by low resource availability. In addition, hornbills often returned to the same localities within a year, although movements were not characterized as migratory. Both species displayed significant differences in habitat preference, with B. albotibialis utilizing disturbed habitat more frequently than C. atrata (t = −22.04, P = 2.2 × 10−16). Major roads were found to act as barriers for C. atrata, but not for B. albotibialis. The ability of both hornbill species to move large distances suggests hornbills will play a vital role in the maintenance and regeneration of rain forests in Central Africa as forest fragmentation increases and terrestrial vertebrates decline in numbers.},\n\tlanguage = {fr},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-11-01},\n\tjournal = {Biotropica},\n\tauthor = {Chasar, Anthony and Harrigan, Ryan J. and Holbrook, Kimberly M. and Dietsch, Thomas V. and Fuller, Trevon L. and Wikelski, Martin and Smith, Thomas B.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/btp.12160},\n\tkeywords = {Bycanistes albotibialis, Cameroon, Ceratogymna atrata, hornbills, rain forest, satellite tracking, seed dispersal},\n\tpages = {763--770},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Diet selection is related to breeding status in two frugivorous hornbill species of Central Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lamperti, A. M.; French, A. R.; Dierenfeld, E. S.; Fogiel, M. K.; Whitney, K. D.; Stauffer, D. J.; Holbrook, K. M.; Hardesty, B. D.; Clark, C. J.; Poulsen, J. R.; Wang, B. C.; Smith, T. B.; and Parker, V. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Tropical Ecology, 30(4): 273–290. July 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Diet$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{lamperti_diet_2014,\n\ttitle = {Diet selection is related to breeding status in two frugivorous hornbill species of {Central} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0266-4674, 1469-7831},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-tropical-ecology/article/abs/diet-selection-is-related-to-breeding-status-in-two-frugivorous-hornbill-species-of-central-africa/6ECD634B194704FD226D76CAF5EED1FE},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0266467414000236},\n\tabstract = {Avian diet selection is hypothesized to be sensitive to seasonal changes in breeding status, but few tests exist for frugivorous tropical birds. Frugivorous birds provide an interesting test case because fruits are relatively deficient in minerals critical for reproduction. Here, we quantify annual patterns of fruit availability and diet for two frugivorous hornbill (Bucerotidae) species over a 5.5-y period to test for patterns of diet selection. Data from the lowland tropical rain forest of the Dja Reserve, Cameroon, are used to generate two nutritional indices. One index estimates the nutrient concentration of the diet chosen by Ceratogymna atrata and Bycanistes albotibialis on a monthly basis using 3165 feeding observations combined with fruit pulp sample data. The second index is an estimate of nutrient concentration of a non-selective or neutral diet across the study area based on tree fruiting phenology, vegetation survey and fruit-pulp sample data. Fifty-nine fruit pulp samples representing 40 species were analysed for 16 nutrient categories to contribute to both indices. Pulp samples accounted for approximately 75\\% of the observed diets. The results support expected patterns of nutrient selection. The two hornbill species selected a diet rich in calcium during the early breeding season (significantly so for B. albotibialis in July and August). Through the brooding and fledging periods, they switched from a calcium-rich diet to one rich in iron and caloric content as well as supplemental protein in the form of invertebrates. Calcium, the calcium to phosphorus ratio and fat concentration were the strongest predictors of breeding success (significant for calcium and Ca:P for B. albotibialis in June). We conclude that hornbills actively select fruit based on nutritional concentration and mineral concentration and that the indices developed here are useful for assessing frugivore diet over time.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-10-03},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},\n\tauthor = {Lamperti, Aaron M. and French, Aaron R. and Dierenfeld, Ellen S. and Fogiel, Mark K. and Whitney, Kenneth D. and Stauffer, Donald J. and Holbrook, Kimberly M. and Hardesty, Britta D. and Clark, Connie J. and Poulsen, John R. and Wang, Benjamin C. and Smith, Thomas B. and Parker, V. Thomas},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Cameroon, Dja Reserve, avian, frugivory, mineral nutrition, nutrition},\n\tpages = {273--290},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Coraciiformes (Kingfishers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Motmots, B.; and Hoopoes, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8, 8: 225. 2014.\n Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Coraciiformes$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{motmots_coraciiformes_2014,\n\ttitle = {Coraciiformes ({Kingfishers}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\turl = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA225&dq=bucorvus&ots=oiB2BuVjy5&sig=1M20Q-a72cF7eVy50Lo3RQPwLiY},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8},\n\tauthor = {Motmots, Bee-Eaters and Hoopoes, Hornbills},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences},\n\tpages = {225},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n On the middle Miocene avifauna of Maboko Island, Kenya.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mayr, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Geobios, 47(3): 133–146. 2014.\n Publisher: Elsevier\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"On$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{mayr_middle_2014,\n\ttitle = {On the middle {Miocene} avifauna of {Maboko} {Island}, {Kenya}},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016699514000266},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Geobios},\n\tauthor = {Mayr, Gerald},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Elsevier},\n\tpages = {133--146},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evolution of bill size in relation to body size in toucans and hornbills (Aves: Piciformes and Bucerotiformes).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hughes, A. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zoologia (Curitiba), 31: 256–263. 2014.\n Publisher: SciELO Brasil\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Evolution$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{hughes_evolution_2014,\n\ttitle = {Evolution of bill size in relation to body size in toucans and hornbills ({Aves}: {Piciformes} and {Bucerotiformes})},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tshorttitle = {Evolution of bill size in relation to body size in toucans and hornbills ({Aves}},\n\turl = {https://www.scielo.br/j/zool/a/RT66TDCRXCk5TMJLD7SjLyQ/?format=html&lang=en},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Zoologia (Curitiba)},\n\tauthor = {Hughes, Austin L.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SciELO Brasil},\n\tpages = {256--263},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Spatial occupancy models applied to atlas data show Southern Ground Hornbills strongly depend on protected areas.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Broms, K. M.; Johnson, D. S.; Altwegg, R.; and Conquest, L. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ecological Applications, 24(2): 363–374. March 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Spatial$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{broms_spatial_2014,\n\ttitle = {Spatial occupancy models applied to atlas data show {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbills} strongly depend on protected areas},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tcopyright = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions\\#vor},\n\tissn = {1051-0761, 1939-5582},\n\turl = {https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/12-2151.1},\n\tdoi = {10.1890/12-2151.1},\n\tabstract = {Determining the range of a species and exploring species–habitat associations are central questions in ecology and can be answered by analyzing presence–absence data. Often, both the sampling of sites and the desired area of inference involve neighboring sites; thus, positive spatial autocorrelation between these sites is expected. Using survey data for the Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri ) from the Southern African Bird Atlas Project, we compared advantages and disadvantages of three increasingly complex models for species occupancy: an occupancy model that accounted for nondetection but assumed all sites were independent, and two spatial occupancy models that accounted for both nondetection and spatial autocorrelation. We modeled the spatial autocorrelation with an intrinsic conditional autoregressive (ICAR) model and with a restricted spatial regression (RSR) model. Both spatial models can readily be applied to any other gridded, presence–absence data set using a newly introduced R package.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Ecological Applications},\n\tauthor = {Broms, Kristin M. and Johnson, Devin S. and Altwegg, Res and Conquest, Loveday L.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Bayesian methods, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Kruger National Park, Southern African Bird Atlas Project, citizen scientists, conditional autoregressive (CAR) model, restricted spatial regression, spatial autocorrelation},\n\tpages = {363--374},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Risks to Birds Traded for African Traditional Medicine: A Quantitative Assessment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Williams, V. L.; Cunningham, A. B.; Kemp, A. C.; and Bruyns, R. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PLOS ONE, 9(8): e105397. August 2014.\n Publisher: Public Library of Science\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Risks$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{williams_risks_2014,\n\ttitle = {Risks to {Birds} {Traded} for {African} {Traditional} {Medicine}: {A} {Quantitative} {Assessment}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {1932-6203},\n\tshorttitle = {Risks to {Birds} {Traded} for {African} {Traditional} {Medicine}},\n\turl = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0105397},\n\tdoi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0105397},\n\tabstract = {Few regional or continent-wide assessments of bird use for traditional medicine have been attempted anywhere in the world. Africa has the highest known diversity of bird species used for this purpose. This study assesses the vulnerability of 354 bird species used for traditional medicine in 25 African countries, from 205 genera, 70 families, and 25 orders. The orders most represented were Passeriformes (107 species), Falconiformes (45 species), and Coraciiformes (24 species), and the families Accipitridae (37 species), Ardeidae (15 species), and Bucerotidae (12 species). The Barn owl (Tyto alba) was the most widely sold species (seven countries). The similarity of avifaunal orders traded is high (analogous to “morphospecies”, and using Sørensen's index), which suggests opportunities for a common understanding of cultural factors driving demand. The highest similarity was between bird orders sold in markets of Benin vs. Burkina Faso (90\\%), but even bird orders sold in two geographically separated countries (Benin vs. South Africa and Nigeria vs. South Africa) were 87\\% and 81\\% similar, respectively. Rabinowitz's “7 forms of rarity” model, used to group species according to commonness or rarity, indicated that 24\\% of traded bird species are very common, locally abundant in several habitats, and occur over a large geographical area, but 10\\% are rare, occur in low numbers in specific habitats, and over a small geographical area. The order with the highest proportion of rare species was the Musophagiformes. An analysis of species mass (as a proxy for size) indicated that large and/or conspicuous species tend to be targeted by harvesters for the traditional medicine trade. Furthermore, based on cluster analyses for species groups of similar risk, vultures, hornbills, and other large avifauna, such as bustards, are most threatened by selective harvesting and should be prioritised for conservation action.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {PLOS ONE},\n\tauthor = {Williams, Vivienne L. and Cunningham, Anthony B. and Kemp, Alan C. and Bruyns, Robin K.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},\n\tkeywords = {Africa, Birds, Geographic areas, Medical risk factors, Nesting habits, Owls, South Africa, Traditional medicine},\n\tpages = {e105397},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An Intervention Program Based on Plant Surrogates as Alternatives to the Use of Southern Ground-Hornbills in Cultural Practices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coetzee, H.; Nell, W.; and Rensburg, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ethnobot. Res. App, 12: 155. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"An$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{coetzee_intervention_2014,\n\ttitle = {An {Intervention} {Program} {Based} on {Plant} {Surrogates} as {Alternatives} to the {Use} of {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbills} in {Cultural} {Practices}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.17348/era.12.0.155-164},\n\tdoi = {10.17348/era.12.0.155-164},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Ethnobot. Res. App},\n\tauthor = {Coetzee, H. and Nell, W. and Rensburg, L.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {155},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n An exploration of cultural beliefs and practices across the Southern Ground-Hornbill’s range in Africa.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coetzee, H.; Nell, W.; and Rensburg, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 10: 28. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{coetzee_exploration_2014,\n\ttitle = {An exploration of cultural beliefs and practices across the {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbill}’s range in {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/1746-4269-10-28},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine},\n\tauthor = {Coetzee, H. and Nell, W. and Rensburg, L.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Bucorvus leadbeateri, Conservation, Cultural beliefs, Cultural practices, Intervention programme, Southern Ground-Hornbill, Surrogate species},\n\tpages = {28},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2013\n \n \n (17)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hornbills of the World: A Photographic Guide.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ponsawat, P.; Kemp, A. C.; and Strange, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Limited, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@book{ponsawat_hornbills_2013,\n\ttitle = {Hornbills of the {World}: {A} {Photographic} {Guide}},\n\tisbn = {978-981-07-3528-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Hornbills of the {World}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Limited},\n\tauthor = {Ponsawat, Philai and Kemp, Alan C. and Strange, Morten},\n\tyear = {2013},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hornbill Diets at San Diego Zoo Global: A Review.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schlegel, M. L.; and Howenstein, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Zoo and Wildlife Nutrition, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, volume 29, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2013. AZA Nutrition Advisory Group\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Hornbill$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@inproceedings{schlegel_hornbill_2013,\n\taddress = {Salt Lake City, Utah},\n\ttitle = {Hornbill {Diets} at {San} {Diego} {Zoo} {Global}: {A} {Review}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tshorttitle = {Hornbill {Diets} at {San} {Diego} {Zoo} {Global}},\n\turl = {https://nagonline.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/32_Schlegel0.pdf},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the {Tenth} {Conference} on {Zoo} and {Wildlife} {Nutrition}, {Salt} {Lake} {City}, {UT}, {USA}},\n\tpublisher = {AZA Nutrition Advisory Group},\n\tauthor = {Schlegel, Michael L. and Howenstein, S.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enumerating the ethno-ornithological importance of Philippine Hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gonzalez, J. C. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Enumerating$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@book{gonzalez_enumerating_2013,\n\ttitle = {Enumerating the ethno-ornithological importance of {Philippine} {Hornbills}},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/raffles-bulletin-zoology-supplement-24-149-161},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2025-02-03},\n\tpublisher = {The RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY},\n\tauthor = {Gonzalez, Juan Carlos T.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Movement behaviour and seed dispersal patterns of trumpeter hornbills (Bycanistes bucinator) in fragmented landscapes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lenz, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Movement$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{lenz_movement_2013,\n\ttype = {({PhD} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Movement behaviour and seed dispersal patterns of trumpeter hornbills ({Bycanistes} bucinator) in fragmented landscapes},\n\tcopyright = {http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/home/index/help\\#policies},\n\turl = {http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/32721},\n\tabstract = {Long-distance seed dispersal is a crucial process allowing the dispersal of fleshy-fruited tree species among forest fragments. In particular, large frugivorous bird species have a high potential to provide inter-patch and long-distance seed transport, both important for maintaining fundamental genetic and demographic processes of plant populations in isolated forest fragments. In the face of increasing worldwide forest fragmentation, the investigation of long-distance seed dispersal and the factors influencing seed dispersal processes has recently become a central issue in ecology. In my thesis, I studied the movement behaviour and the seed dispersal patterns of the trumpeter hornbill (Bycanistes bucinator), a large obligate frugivorous bird, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. I investigated (i) the potential of trumpeter hornbills to provide long-distance seed dispersal within different landscape structures, (ii) seasonal variations in ranging behaviour of this species, and (iii) the potential of this species to enhance the functional connectivity of a fragmented landscape. I used highresolution GPS-data loggers to record temporally and spatially fine-scaled movement data of trumpeter hornbills within both continuous forests and fragmented agricultural landscapes during the breeding- and the non-breeding season. First, combining these data with data on seed-retention times, I calculated seed dispersal kernels, able to distinguish between seed dispersal kernels from the continuous forests and those from the fragmented agricultural landscapes. The seed dispersal distributions showed a generally high ability of trumpeter hornbills to generate seed transport over a distance of more than 100 m and for potential dispersal distances of up to 14.5 km. Seed dispersal distributions were considerably different between the two landscape types, with a bimodal distribution showing larger dispersal distances for fragmented agricultural landscapes and a unimodal one for continuous forests. My results showed that the landscape structure strongly influenced the movement behaviour of trumpeter hornbills, and this variation in behaviour is likely reflected in the shape of the seed dispersal distributions. Second, for each individual bird I calculated daily ranges and investigated differences in daily ranging behaviour and in the process of range expansion comparatively between the breeding- and the non-breeding season. I considered differences in habitat use and possible consequences resulting for seed dispersal function during different seasons. I found that within the breeding season multi-day ranges were built from strongly overlapping and nearly stationary daily ranges which were almost completely restricted to continuous forest. In the non-breeding season, however, birds assembled multi-day ranges by shifting their range site to a generally different area, frequently utilizing the fragmented agricultural landscape. Thereby, several small daily ranges and few large daily ranges composed larger multi-day ranges within the non-breeding season. Seasonal differences in ranging behaviour and range assembly processes resulted in important consequences for seed dispersal function, with short distances and less spatial variation during the breeding season and more inter-patch dispersal across the fragmented landscape during the non-breeding season. Last, I used a projection of simulated seed dispersal events on a high-resolution habitat map to assess the extent to which trumpeter hornbills potentially facilitate functional connectivity between plant populations of isolated forest fragments. About 7\\% of dispersal events resulted in potential between-patch dispersal and trumpeter hornbills connected a network of about 100 forest patches with an overall extent of about 50 km. Trumpeter hornbills increased the potential of functional connectivity of the landscape more than twofold and seed dispersal pathways revealed certain forest patches as important stepping-stones for seed dispersal among forest fragments. Overall, my study highlights the overriding role that large frugivorous bird species, like trumpeter hornbills, play in seed dispersal in fragmented landscapes. In addition, it shows the importance of fine-scaled movement data combined with high-resolution habitat data and consideration of different landscape structures and seasonality for a comprehensive understanding of seed dispersal function.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tschool = {Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg},\n\tauthor = {Lenz, Johanna},\n\tyear = {2013},\n}\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n Long-distance seed dispersal is a crucial process allowing the dispersal of fleshy-fruited tree species among forest fragments. In particular, large frugivorous bird species have a high potential to provide inter-patch and long-distance seed transport, both important for maintaining fundamental genetic and demographic processes of plant populations in isolated forest fragments. In the face of increasing worldwide forest fragmentation, the investigation of long-distance seed dispersal and the factors influencing seed dispersal processes has recently become a central issue in ecology. In my thesis, I studied the movement behaviour and the seed dispersal patterns of the trumpeter hornbill (Bycanistes bucinator), a large obligate frugivorous bird, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. I investigated (i) the potential of trumpeter hornbills to provide long-distance seed dispersal within different landscape structures, (ii) seasonal variations in ranging behaviour of this species, and (iii) the potential of this species to enhance the functional connectivity of a fragmented landscape. I used highresolution GPS-data loggers to record temporally and spatially fine-scaled movement data of trumpeter hornbills within both continuous forests and fragmented agricultural landscapes during the breeding- and the non-breeding season. First, combining these data with data on seed-retention times, I calculated seed dispersal kernels, able to distinguish between seed dispersal kernels from the continuous forests and those from the fragmented agricultural landscapes. The seed dispersal distributions showed a generally high ability of trumpeter hornbills to generate seed transport over a distance of more than 100 m and for potential dispersal distances of up to 14.5 km. Seed dispersal distributions were considerably different between the two landscape types, with a bimodal distribution showing larger dispersal distances for fragmented agricultural landscapes and a unimodal one for continuous forests. My results showed that the landscape structure strongly influenced the movement behaviour of trumpeter hornbills, and this variation in behaviour is likely reflected in the shape of the seed dispersal distributions. Second, for each individual bird I calculated daily ranges and investigated differences in daily ranging behaviour and in the process of range expansion comparatively between the breeding- and the non-breeding season. I considered differences in habitat use and possible consequences resulting for seed dispersal function during different seasons. I found that within the breeding season multi-day ranges were built from strongly overlapping and nearly stationary daily ranges which were almost completely restricted to continuous forest. In the non-breeding season, however, birds assembled multi-day ranges by shifting their range site to a generally different area, frequently utilizing the fragmented agricultural landscape. Thereby, several small daily ranges and few large daily ranges composed larger multi-day ranges within the non-breeding season. Seasonal differences in ranging behaviour and range assembly processes resulted in important consequences for seed dispersal function, with short distances and less spatial variation during the breeding season and more inter-patch dispersal across the fragmented landscape during the non-breeding season. Last, I used a projection of simulated seed dispersal events on a high-resolution habitat map to assess the extent to which trumpeter hornbills potentially facilitate functional connectivity between plant populations of isolated forest fragments. About 7% of dispersal events resulted in potential between-patch dispersal and trumpeter hornbills connected a network of about 100 forest patches with an overall extent of about 50 km. Trumpeter hornbills increased the potential of functional connectivity of the landscape more than twofold and seed dispersal pathways revealed certain forest patches as important stepping-stones for seed dispersal among forest fragments. Overall, my study highlights the overriding role that large frugivorous bird species, like trumpeter hornbills, play in seed dispersal in fragmented landscapes. In addition, it shows the importance of fine-scaled movement data combined with high-resolution habitat data and consideration of different landscape structures and seasonality for a comprehensive understanding of seed dispersal function.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Random time-activity budgets in captive Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cooper, M.; and Jordan, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South African Journal of Science, 109(7-8): 01–02. January 2013.\n Publisher: Academy of Science of South Africa\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Random$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{cooper_random_2013,\n\ttitle = {Random time-activity budgets in captive {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri},\n\tvolume = {109},\n\tissn = {0038-2353},\n\turl = {http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0038-23532013000400009&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en},\n\tnumber = {7-8},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {South African Journal of Science},\n\tauthor = {Cooper, Mark and Jordan, Lara},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Academy of Science of South Africa},\n\tpages = {01--02},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Causes of variable reproductive performance by Southern Ground-hornbill ucorvus leadbeateri and implications for management.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wilson, G.; and Hockey, P. A. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ibis, 155(3): 476–484. 2013.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ibi.12042\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Causes$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{wilson_causes_2013,\n\ttitle = {Causes of variable reproductive performance by {Southern} {Ground}-hornbill ucorvus leadbeateri and implications for management},\n\tvolume = {155},\n\tcopyright = {© 2013 British Ornithologists' Union},\n\tissn = {1474-919X},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ibi.12042},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/ibi.12042},\n\tabstract = {Range occupancy of the cooperatively breeding Southern Ground-Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri in South Africa has decreased by 65\\% in the last three generations and the effective management of the remaining populations is hampered by a lack of fundamental understanding of the factors determining reproductive performance. We examined the influence of social and environmental factors on the species' reproductive success in South Africa using data gathered from 23 groups over eight breeding seasons. Some groups had access to artificial nest-sites, others did not. High rainfall ({\\textgreater} 500 mm) over the breeding season led to a decrease in reproductive success, with groups being most successful in years when rain in the vicinity of the nest ranged from 300 to 500 mm. Groups breeding in natural nests were successful only when the proportion of open woodland surrounding the nest-site was high. Those that bred in artificial nests, where overall breeding success was more than twice as high as those in natural nests, were less dependent on the availability of open woodland. Large groups (more than three birds) bred more successfully than groups comprising only two to three individuals. Group size, helper effects and rainfall cannot be managed to increase the productivity of Ground-Hornbills but the fact that the availability of artificial nest-sites and the amount of open woodland around the nest-site both contribute positively to breeding performance identifies practical and simple management options for increasing the reproductive output of Southern Ground-Hornbill populations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Ibis},\n\tauthor = {Wilson, Gwyneth and Hockey, Philip A. R.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ibi.12042},\n\tkeywords = {artificial nest-sites, breeding success, conservation, cooperative breeding, rainfall, social effects},\n\tpages = {476--484},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breeding density of the southern ground hornbill, Bucorvus leadbeateri , in the communal areas surrounding the Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Witteveen, M.; Parry, E.; Norris-Rogers, M.; and Brown, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n African Zoology, 48(2): 274–278. October 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breeding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{witteveen_breeding_2013,\n\ttitle = {Breeding density of the southern ground hornbill, \\textit{{Bucorvus} leadbeateri} , in the communal areas surrounding the {Matobo} {National} {Park}, {Zimbabwe}},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tissn = {1562-7020, 2224-073X},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15627020.2013.11407593},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/15627020.2013.11407593},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {African Zoology},\n\tauthor = {Witteveen, Minke and Parry, Elspeth and Norris-Rogers, Mark and Brown, Mark},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {274--278},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breeding Density of the Southern Ground Hornbill, Bucorvus leadbeateri, in the Communal Areas Surrounding the Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Witteveen, M.; Parry, E.; Norris-Rogers, M.; and Brown, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n African Zoology, 48(2): 274–278. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breeding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{witteveen_breeding_2013,\n\ttitle = {Breeding {Density} of the {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill}, {Bucorvus} leadbeateri, in the {Communal} {Areas} {Surrounding} the {Matobo} {National} {Park}, {Zimbabwe}},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/026-487-384-362-538},\n\tdoi = {10.3377/004.048.0226},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {African Zoology},\n\tauthor = {Witteveen, Minke and Parry, Elspeth and Norris-Rogers, Mark and Brown, Mark},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {274--278},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Finely Ground‐Hornbill: The Sale of Bucorvus Cafer in a Traditional Medicine Market in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bruyns, R. K.; Williams, V. L.; and Cunningham, A. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Alves, R. R. N.; and Rosa, I. L., editor(s), Animals in Traditional Folk Medicine, pages 475–486. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Finely$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@incollection{alves_finely_2013,\n\taddress = {Berlin, Heidelberg},\n\ttitle = {Finely {Ground}‐{Hornbill}: {The} {Sale} of {Bucorvus} {Cafer} in a {Traditional} {Medicine} {Market} in {Bulawayo}, {Zimbabwe}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-642-29025-1 978-3-642-29026-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Finely {Ground}‐{Hornbill}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-29026-8_20},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tbooktitle = {Animals in {Traditional} {Folk} {Medicine}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},\n\tauthor = {Bruyns, Robin K. and Williams, Vivienne L. and Cunningham, Anthony B.},\n\teditor = {Alves, Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega and Rosa, Ierecê Lucena},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-642-29026-8_20},\n\tpages = {475--486},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills (Aves: Bucerotidae).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gonzalez, J.; Sheldon, B.; Collar, N.; and Tobias, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 67(2): 468–483. May 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{gonzalez_comprehensive_2013,\n\ttitle = {A comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills ({Aves}: {Bucerotidae})},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\tissn = {10557903},\n\tshorttitle = {A comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills ({Aves}},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790313000699},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.012},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2023-10-17},\n\tjournal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},\n\tauthor = {Gonzalez, J.-C.T. and Sheldon, B.C. and Collar, N.J. and Tobias, J.A.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {468--483},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Developing a site selection tool to assist reintroduction efforts for the Southern Ground-Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cilliers, D.; Evans, S.; Coetzee, H.; and van Rensburg, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 84(2): 101–111. August 2013.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2013.823129\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Developing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{cilliers_developing_2013,\n\ttitle = {Developing a site selection tool to assist reintroduction efforts for the {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri},\n\tvolume = {84},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2013.823129},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306525.2013.823129},\n\tabstract = {The Southern Ground-Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri (SGH) is regarded as Vulnerable globally and Endangered in South Africa as a result of losing close to 70\\% of its range and 50\\% of its historic population in the country. One of the conservation tools being used to address this issue and restore the population to its historic range is reintroductions. The aim of this study was to identify and prioritise probable reintroduction sites in the Mopane Bioregion and the Limpopo and Mpumalanga sections of the Lowveld Bioregion of South Africa (all in the Savanna Biome), by using a niche-based modelling technique (Maxent) combined with GIS analyses. Suitable SGH habitat was determined for farms in the study area and evaluated for the absence of mappable threats. Three priority areas were identified for reintroductions. These areas are in a near-natural state, offer sufficient habitat, are free of mappable threats and are close to formally protected areas. Field surveys of these three priority areas are needed next to validate their suitability for reintroduction purposes. This is the first spatially explicit reintroduction plan for the SGH that has been developed and will contribute to conservationists’ efforts to conserve the SGH.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Cilliers, Dirk and Evans, Steven and Coetzee, Hendri and van Rensburg, Leon},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2013.823129},\n\tkeywords = {Bucorvus leadbeateri, GIS, Maxent, Southern Ground Hornbill, ecological niche modelling, reintroduction},\n\tpages = {101--111},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Environmental stability and the evolution of cooperative breeding in hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gonzalez, J. T.; Sheldon, B. C.; and Tobias, J. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280(1768): 20131297. October 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Environmental$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{gonzalez_environmental_2013,\n\ttitle = {Environmental stability and the evolution of cooperative breeding in hornbills},\n\tvolume = {280},\n\tissn = {0962-8452, 1471-2954},\n\turl = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2013.1297},\n\tdoi = {10.1098/rspb.2013.1297},\n\tabstract = {Reproductive cooperation in social animals has been the focus of intensive research, yet the role of environmental factors in promoting such cooperation remains uncertain. A recent global analysis suggested that cooperative breeding in birds is a ‘bet-hedging’ strategy associated with climatic uncertainty, but it is unclear whether this mechanism applies generally or is restricted to the insectivorous passerines that predominate as cooperative breeders at the global scale. Here, we use a phylogenetic framework to assess the effect of climate on the evolution of cooperation in hornbills (Bucerotidae), an avian family characterized by frugivory and carnivory. We show that, in contrast to the global pattern, cooperative reproduction is positively associated with both inter- and intra-annual climatic stability. This reversed relationship implies that hornbills are relatively insensitive to climatic fluctuations, perhaps because of their dietary niche or increased body mass, both of which may remove the need for bet-hedging. We conclude that the relationship between climatic variability and cooperative breeding is inconsistent across taxa, and potentially mediated by life-history variation. These findings help to explain the mixed results of previous studies and highlight the likely shortcomings of global datasets inherently biased towards particular categories.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1768},\n\turldate = {2023-10-17},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Gonzalez, Juan-Carlos T. and Sheldon, Ben C. and Tobias, Joseph A.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {20131297},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Molecular insights on the re-colonization of the Limpopo Valley, South Africa, by Southern Ground-Hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Theron, N.; Dalton, D.; Grobler, J. P.; Jansen, R.; and Kotze, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Ornithology, 154(3): 727–737. July 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Molecular$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{theron_molecular_2013,\n\ttitle = {Molecular insights on the re-colonization of the {Limpopo} {Valley}, {South} {Africa}, by {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbills}},\n\tvolume = {154},\n\tissn = {2193-7206},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-013-0937-4},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10336-013-0937-4},\n\tabstract = {Southern Ground-Hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri) are co-operative breeders that occur in groups of 2–9 individuals. Long life spans, large territory sizes (100 km2), and low reproductive rates render these birds vulnerable to threats such as loss of habitat, persecution, poisoning and loss of suitable nesting sites. In the Limpopo Valley of South Africa, the species is currently re-establishing after a serious decline in numbers. In this study, we use observation, capture and population genetics approaches to gain insights into the nature of the re-colonisation of the Limpopo Valley. We determined the effective population size, genetic diversity estimates, relatedness, parentage, sex ratios, age structure and productivity. The re-colonisation of the Limpopo Valley was shown to have occurred by a number of unrelated individuals. This was demonstrable by the very low levels of average relatedness of the population, as well as the favourable levels of heterozygosity across age and sex categories. Within-group relatedness was as expected, with juveniles related to at least one parent from their natal group. Inferences on breeding behaviour based on genetic testing results provides the first evidence that SGH are not as monogamous as previously thought, with two instances recorded of extra pair copulations. Finally, we demonstrate the application of microsatellite markers to enumerate processes that are difficult to quantify through observation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Ornithology},\n\tauthor = {Theron, N. and Dalton, D. and Grobler, J. P. and Jansen, R. and Kotze, A.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Co-operative breeding, Conservation genetics, Genetic diversity, Microsatellite, Relatedness, Southern Ground-Hornbill},\n\tpages = {727--737},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The identification and verification of optimal re-introduction sites for the southern ground hornbill in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coetzee, H.; Cilliers, D.; Jerling, F.; and Rensburg, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie, 32. February 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{coetzee_identification_2013,\n\ttitle = {The identification and verification of optimal re-introduction sites for the southern ground hornbill in the {Limpopo} {Province}, {South} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tdoi = {10.4102/satnt.v32i1.834},\n\tjournal = {Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie},\n\tauthor = {Coetzee, Hendri and Cilliers, Dirk and Jerling, F. and Rensburg, L.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2013},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The home range of a recently established group of Southern ground-hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) in the Limpopo Valley, South Africa : original research.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Theron, N.; Grobler, P.; Kotze, A.; and Jansen, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Koedoe : African Protected Area Conservation and Science, 55(1): 1–8. January 2013.\n Publisher: AOSIS\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{theron_home_2013,\n\ttitle = {The home range of a recently established group of {Southern} ground-hornbill ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri) in the {Limpopo} {Valley}, {South} {Africa} : original research},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tshorttitle = {The home range of a recently established group of {Southern} ground-hornbill ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri) in the {Limpopo} {Valley}, {South} {Africa}},\n\turl = {https://journals.co.za/doi/10.4102/koedoe.v55i1.1135},\n\tdoi = {10.4102/koedoe.v55i1.1135},\n\tabstract = {Little is known about Southern ground-hornbill (SGH) population ecology outside of large, formally protected areas where the largest declines in numbers have been recorded. The SGH has started\n      re-colonising, establishing group territories and breeding successfully in the Limpopo Valley on the northern border of South Africa, following localised extinction from the 1950s to the 1970s.\n      A group of SGH was monitored over a period of 14 months by means of radio telemetry across privately owned land in order to investigate their seasonal habitat movements in this semi-arid,\n      predominantly livestock-based environment. We also investigated seasonal fluctuations in invertebrate prevalence, as an indication of food availability and its influence on seasonal SGH group\n      movements and foraging activity patterns. There was a clear increase in food availability during the summer rainfall period allowing the group to forage over a wider area, whilst winter\n      foraging remained localised within their range. Kernel home range analysis indicated a marked difference in size between the summer (13 409 ha) and winter (5280 ha) home ranges, with an overall\n      home range of 19 372 ha, which is approximately double that of home ranges recorded that fall within formally and informally protected reserves. In this article, we proposed that food\n      availability is the driving force for home range size and seasonal activity patterns in a semi-arid livestock-ranching habitat.\n    \n    \n    Conservation implications : The Limpopo Valley SGH population is one of the most significant outside protected areas in South Africa. This population is especially\n    vulnerable to threats such as poisoning, persecution for window breaking and drought, as shown by their near extirpation from the area. Conservation efforts need to focus on awareness amongst\n    local farmers, provision of artificial nests and continued monitoring of groups.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Koedoe : African Protected Area Conservation and Science},\n\tauthor = {Theron, Nicholas and Grobler, Paul and Kotze, Antoinette and Jansen, Raymond},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Publisher: AOSIS},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Corrigendum to “A comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills (Aves: Bucerotidae)” [Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 67 (2013) 468–483].\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gonzalez, J. T.; Sheldon, B. C.; Collar, N. J.; and Tobias, J. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 68(3): 715. September 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Corrigendum$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{gonzalez_corrigendum_2013,\n\ttitle = {Corrigendum to “{A} comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills ({Aves}: {Bucerotidae})” [{Mol}. {Phylogenet}. {Evol}. 67 (2013) 468–483]},\n\tvolume = {68},\n\tissn = {1055-7903},\n\tshorttitle = {Corrigendum to “{A} comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills ({Aves}},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105579031300208X},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.008},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},\n\tauthor = {Gonzalez, Juan-Carlos T. and Sheldon, Ben C. and Collar, Nigel J. and Tobias, Joseph A.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {715},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cannibalism in the Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill Tockus leucomelas.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Engelbrecht, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biodiversity Observations,104–106. June 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Cannibalism$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{engelbrecht_cannibalism_2013,\n\ttitle = {Cannibalism in the {Southern} {Yellow}-billed {Hornbill} \\textit{{Tockus} leucomelas}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c)},\n\tissn = {2959-3441},\n\turl = {https://journals.uct.ac.za/index.php/BO/article/view/198},\n\tabstract = {On several occasions since 2009, I have noted unexplained loss of nestlings. Although it was normally relatively young and/or weak nestlings that disappeared, there were a few instances where older and/or apparently healthy nestlings also disappeared.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Biodiversity Observations},\n\tauthor = {Engelbrecht, Derek},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {104--106},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2012\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Origin and diversification of hornbills (Bucerotidae).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gonzalez, J. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Origin$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{gonzalez_origin_2012,\n\ttype = {{PhD} {Thesis}},\n\ttitle = {Origin and diversification of hornbills ({Bucerotidae})},\n\turl = {https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:73e7eba9-fb13-4877-b735-bed38e0c8ffb},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tschool = {University of Oxford},\n\tauthor = {Gonzalez, Juan-Carlos T.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2011\n \n \n (11)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Home range use by Southern Ground-Hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri) -quantifying seasonal habitat selection and vegetation characteristics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wyness, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{wyness_home_2011,\n\taddress = {Rondebosch, Cape Town},\n\ttype = {({BSc} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Home range use by {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbills} ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri) -quantifying seasonal habitat selection and vegetation characteristics},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tschool = {University of Cape Town},\n\tauthor = {Wyness, W.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {habitat preference, habitat type, home range, perception},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) Species Recovery Plan for South Africa.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Botha, A.; Coetzee, R.; Hagens, Q.; Hockey, P.; Jansen, R.; Jordan, L.; Jordan, M.; Kemp, A.; Kotze, A.; Little, R.; Carstens, K.; Moss, D.; Rehse, T.; Theron, N.; and Turner, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n December 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{botha_southern_2011,\n\ttitle = {Southern {Ground} {Hornbill} ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri) {Species} {Recovery} {Plan} for {South} {Africa}},\n\tabstract = {Executive Summary\nThe Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) is a globally threatened species (IUCN Red List:\nVulnerable) with a declining population. In South Africa the species is considered nationally\nVulnerable, declining and listed as a ‘Protected Species’ under national legislation. It is a long-lived\nand slow-breeding bird with an unusual cooperative breeding strategy and requiring large group\nterritories.\n\nThe slow, complex breeding biology of the species renders it highly susceptible to threats that\ninclude afforestation, cultivation and degradation of habitat, a lack of suitable nesting trees,\npoisoning and direct persecution, live trade, and traditional practices.\nThe purpose of this plan is to ensure the favourable conservation status of the Southern Ground\nHornbill in South Africa, through six priority objectives:\n Generate an increase in the Southern Ground Hornbill population by expanding the\npopulation into parts of its historic range\n Understand the genetic relationships across the populations, within family groups and the\nmechanisms behind female and immature dispersal\n Collect information on population threats and mortalities for Southern Ground Hornbill to\ndetermine their importance\n Investigate and implement in-situ and ex-situ management and conservation interventions\nto increase Southern Ground Hornbill populations in South Africa and neighbouring\ncountries that could potentially act as a sink or source for South African (RSA) birds\n Increase awareness of the Southern Ground Hornbill and the threats acting upon the species\nto increase tolerance towards the species and reduce persecution\n Provide an insurance against future declines in the wild Southern Ground Hornbill\npopulation by managing a viable ex situ population of Southern Ground Hornbills\nLead implementing agencies for specific activities are listed in Table 3. Implementation of this plan\nwill be coordinated by the Southern Ground Hornbill Action Group, a consortium formed by the key\ncurrent stakeholders that meets regularly to address issues of Southern Ground Hornbill\nconservation and research.},\n\tpublisher = {Johannesburg Zoo; Endangered Wildlife Trust},\n\tauthor = {Botha, Andre and Coetzee, Rynette and Hagens, Quentin and Hockey, Phil and Jansen, Ray and Jordan, Lara and Jordan, Mike and Kemp, Alan and Kotze, Antoinette and Little, Rob and Carstens, Kate and Moss, Dominic and Rehse, Tracey and Theron, N. and Turner, Ann},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tdoi = {10.13140/RG.2.1.3554.0082},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n Executive Summary The Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) is a globally threatened species (IUCN Red List: Vulnerable) with a declining population. In South Africa the species is considered nationally Vulnerable, declining and listed as a ‘Protected Species’ under national legislation. It is a long-lived and slow-breeding bird with an unusual cooperative breeding strategy and requiring large group territories. The slow, complex breeding biology of the species renders it highly susceptible to threats that include afforestation, cultivation and degradation of habitat, a lack of suitable nesting trees, poisoning and direct persecution, live trade, and traditional practices. The purpose of this plan is to ensure the favourable conservation status of the Southern Ground Hornbill in South Africa, through six priority objectives:  Generate an increase in the Southern Ground Hornbill population by expanding the population into parts of its historic range  Understand the genetic relationships across the populations, within family groups and the mechanisms behind female and immature dispersal  Collect information on population threats and mortalities for Southern Ground Hornbill to determine their importance  Investigate and implement in-situ and ex-situ management and conservation interventions to increase Southern Ground Hornbill populations in South Africa and neighbouring countries that could potentially act as a sink or source for South African (RSA) birds  Increase awareness of the Southern Ground Hornbill and the threats acting upon the species to increase tolerance towards the species and reduce persecution  Provide an insurance against future declines in the wild Southern Ground Hornbill population by managing a viable ex situ population of Southern Ground Hornbills Lead implementing agencies for specific activities are listed in Table 3. Implementation of this plan will be coordinated by the Southern Ground Hornbill Action Group, a consortium formed by the key current stakeholders that meets regularly to address issues of Southern Ground Hornbill conservation and research.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The identification and verification of optimal reintroduction sites for the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri in the Musina area of the Limpopo Province, South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jerling, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2011.\n Accepted: 2013-09-30T13:07:46Z\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{jerling_identification_2011,\n\taddress = {Potchefstroom},\n\ttype = {({Master} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {The identification and verification of optimal reintroduction sites for the {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri in the {Musina} area of the {Limpopo} {Province}, {South} {Africa}},\n\turl = {https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/9170},\n\tabstract = {The Southern Ground Hornbill (SGH) (Bucorvus leadbeateri) has recently been listed globally by the IUCN Red list as Endangered or Critically Endangered. In South Africa, the declining population of the SGH has led it to be listed nationally as Vulnerable and falls under the “Protected Species” legislation. Research into the habitat preferences and identification of suitable reintroduction areas have been few since the initiation of reintroduction attempts, therefore resulting in mixed outcomes of previously-reintroduced SGH. The aim of this study was to identify and verify optimal reintroduction sites for the SGH, in the Musina area in the Limpopo Province. Five main objectives were determined, namely: to identify optimal reintroduction areas; to develop a habitat profile of the designated area; to determine the availability of prey items; to determine the availability of large trees needed for nesting and roosting; to evaluate pre-release sites by involving a number of stakeholders. Three study sites were selected on the farm Greyghost Safaris (Ludwigslust), each made up of a different plant community. Sampling was carried out a total of four times during the year: one sampling bout in each season. A niche-based modelling technique was used to describe the suitability of a particular habitat (“ecological space”) then used to project it onto another geographical space. Floristic and faunal surveys were conducted to determine the species composition of prey items and composition and frequency of the herbaceous and woody layer. High-resolution, natural-colour aerial imagery was used in order to determine the availability of trees for nesting and roosting. Pre-release site evaluations and stakeholder engagements were conducted by means of interviews with landowners on and around the study sites. The Limpopo River Valley and across to the KNP on the eastern border of the Limpopo Province, is suitable re-introduction sites for the SGH. This study site provided a good opportunity to explore what an optimal site for reintroduction should resemble.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-06},\n\tschool = {North-West University},\n\tauthor = {Jerling, Francette},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Accepted: 2013-09-30T13:07:46Z},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n The Southern Ground Hornbill (SGH) (Bucorvus leadbeateri) has recently been listed globally by the IUCN Red list as Endangered or Critically Endangered. In South Africa, the declining population of the SGH has led it to be listed nationally as Vulnerable and falls under the “Protected Species” legislation. Research into the habitat preferences and identification of suitable reintroduction areas have been few since the initiation of reintroduction attempts, therefore resulting in mixed outcomes of previously-reintroduced SGH. The aim of this study was to identify and verify optimal reintroduction sites for the SGH, in the Musina area in the Limpopo Province. Five main objectives were determined, namely: to identify optimal reintroduction areas; to develop a habitat profile of the designated area; to determine the availability of prey items; to determine the availability of large trees needed for nesting and roosting; to evaluate pre-release sites by involving a number of stakeholders. Three study sites were selected on the farm Greyghost Safaris (Ludwigslust), each made up of a different plant community. Sampling was carried out a total of four times during the year: one sampling bout in each season. A niche-based modelling technique was used to describe the suitability of a particular habitat (“ecological space”) then used to project it onto another geographical space. Floristic and faunal surveys were conducted to determine the species composition of prey items and composition and frequency of the herbaceous and woody layer. High-resolution, natural-colour aerial imagery was used in order to determine the availability of trees for nesting and roosting. Pre-release site evaluations and stakeholder engagements were conducted by means of interviews with landowners on and around the study sites. The Limpopo River Valley and across to the KNP on the eastern border of the Limpopo Province, is suitable re-introduction sites for the SGH. This study site provided a good opportunity to explore what an optimal site for reintroduction should resemble.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Southern Ground Hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dalton, D.; and Kotze, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Molecular Ecology Resources. August 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{dalton_isolation_2011,\n\ttitle = {Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbills} ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri)},\n\tabstract = {Twelve microsatellite markers were developed via pyrosequencing for the Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri). These microsatellite loci displayed one to eight alleles with an expected heterozygosity range between 0.339 – 0.858 and an observed heterozygosity between 0.348 – 0.913. The high level of polymorphisms observed in the microsatellite markers indicates that they can be used to strongly improve our knowledge of the genetic structure and relatedness of these birds.},\n\tjournal = {Molecular Ecology Resources},\n\tauthor = {Dalton, Desire and Kotze, Antoinette},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2011},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Genetic connectivity, population dynamics and habitat selection of the southern ground hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) in the Limpopo province.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Theron, N. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, March 2011.\n Publisher: University of the Free State\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Genetic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{theron_genetic_2011,\n\taddress = {Bloemfontein},\n\ttype = {({Master} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Genetic connectivity, population dynamics and habitat selection of the southern ground hornbill ({Bucorvus} leadbeateri) in the {Limpopo} province},\n\turl = {http://hdl.handle.net/11660/1594},\n\tabstract = {Southern ground hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri) (SGH) are co-operative breeders that occur in groups of 2-9 individuals. Long life spans, large territory sizes (100km²), and low reproductive rates render these birds vulnerable to threats such as loss of habitat, persecution for their habit of breaking windows through territorial aggression, poisoning and loss of suitable nesting sites. As a result, SGH are listed as vulnerable in the red data book of South Africa as well as globally. The main objective of this study was to contribute to our overall understanding of the ecology and biology of the SGH for conservation planning. Data collection was completed in the nonprotected, semi-arid landscape of the Limpopo Valley from June 2008 - September 2009. The seasonal habitat use by a group of SGH, seasonal abundance (numbers) and biomass (volume) of invertebrates using pitfall and sweep net methods was investigated. Furthermore, a total of eight groups and 23 birds were captured in the Limpopo Valley and different statistical analysis were performed to investigate levels of inbreeding, relatedness, sex-biased dispersal and the effects the recent re-colonisation has had on the genetic structure of SGH in the Limpopo Valley. Finally the genetic variation of the species in the rest of Africa was determined using samples from Kenya, Tanzania and three populations in South Africa namely the Limpopo Valley, Kruger National Park (KNP) and Kwa Zulu-Natal (KZN). Genetic analysis revealed SGH have retained comparatively high levels of genetic diversity, even though there are indications of genetic bottlenecks in the Limpopo, KNP and Kenyan populations. The SGH populations studied were grouped into two clusters corresponding to the geographic origin of samples. The birds from Tanzania and Kenya clustered together while the KNP and KZN birds clustered together with the Limpopo population grouping more or less equally between the Kenyan/Tanzanian and South African populations. A large percentage of genetic variation was found within populations while among population variation was low, indicating there is little molecular evidence for the presence of SGH subspecies. The overall home range of one group was approximately 20 000 ha while seasonal home ranges varied between 5000 ha in winter to 13 500 ha in summer. The response of organisms to environmental variables in this extremely seasonal habitat was further revealed by the positive correlations found between the number of invertebrates with mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures, and the volume of invertebrates with mean monthly rainfall. No significant differences were found between numbers and volume of invertebrates per order, between sites, which was expected in this homogenous vegetation type dominated by mopani shrub and trees (Colophospermum mopane). The re-colonisation of the Limpopo Valley was shown to have occurred by a number of unrelated individuals. This was demonstrable by very low levels of inbreeding and average relatedness of the population, as well as the favourable levels of heterozygosity across age and sex categories. Within group relatedness was high with juveniles related to at least one parent from their natal group. Insights were also gained into the breeding behaviour of SGH, providing evidence for the first time that SGH are not as monogamous as previously thought, with two instances of extra pair copulations recorded between four groups. This study shows that a holistic approach combining genetic techniques, radio telemetry studies and ecological principles has great potential to further investigate SGH, thereby contributing to the preservation of this enigmatic species of the savannah biome.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tschool = {University of Free State},\n\tauthor = {Theron, Nicholas Terence},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Publisher: University of the Free State},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n Southern ground hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri) (SGH) are co-operative breeders that occur in groups of 2-9 individuals. Long life spans, large territory sizes (100km²), and low reproductive rates render these birds vulnerable to threats such as loss of habitat, persecution for their habit of breaking windows through territorial aggression, poisoning and loss of suitable nesting sites. As a result, SGH are listed as vulnerable in the red data book of South Africa as well as globally. The main objective of this study was to contribute to our overall understanding of the ecology and biology of the SGH for conservation planning. Data collection was completed in the nonprotected, semi-arid landscape of the Limpopo Valley from June 2008 - September 2009. The seasonal habitat use by a group of SGH, seasonal abundance (numbers) and biomass (volume) of invertebrates using pitfall and sweep net methods was investigated. Furthermore, a total of eight groups and 23 birds were captured in the Limpopo Valley and different statistical analysis were performed to investigate levels of inbreeding, relatedness, sex-biased dispersal and the effects the recent re-colonisation has had on the genetic structure of SGH in the Limpopo Valley. Finally the genetic variation of the species in the rest of Africa was determined using samples from Kenya, Tanzania and three populations in South Africa namely the Limpopo Valley, Kruger National Park (KNP) and Kwa Zulu-Natal (KZN). Genetic analysis revealed SGH have retained comparatively high levels of genetic diversity, even though there are indications of genetic bottlenecks in the Limpopo, KNP and Kenyan populations. The SGH populations studied were grouped into two clusters corresponding to the geographic origin of samples. The birds from Tanzania and Kenya clustered together while the KNP and KZN birds clustered together with the Limpopo population grouping more or less equally between the Kenyan/Tanzanian and South African populations. A large percentage of genetic variation was found within populations while among population variation was low, indicating there is little molecular evidence for the presence of SGH subspecies. The overall home range of one group was approximately 20 000 ha while seasonal home ranges varied between 5000 ha in winter to 13 500 ha in summer. The response of organisms to environmental variables in this extremely seasonal habitat was further revealed by the positive correlations found between the number of invertebrates with mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures, and the volume of invertebrates with mean monthly rainfall. No significant differences were found between numbers and volume of invertebrates per order, between sites, which was expected in this homogenous vegetation type dominated by mopani shrub and trees (Colophospermum mopane). The re-colonisation of the Limpopo Valley was shown to have occurred by a number of unrelated individuals. This was demonstrable by very low levels of inbreeding and average relatedness of the population, as well as the favourable levels of heterozygosity across age and sex categories. Within group relatedness was high with juveniles related to at least one parent from their natal group. Insights were also gained into the breeding behaviour of SGH, providing evidence for the first time that SGH are not as monogamous as previously thought, with two instances of extra pair copulations recorded between four groups. This study shows that a holistic approach combining genetic techniques, radio telemetry studies and ecological principles has great potential to further investigate SGH, thereby contributing to the preservation of this enigmatic species of the savannah biome.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Identifying Optimal Reintroduction Sites for Bucorvus Leadbeateri in South Africa.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cilliers, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{cilliers_identifying_2011,\n\ttitle = {Identifying {Optimal} {Reintroduction} {Sites} for {Bucorvus} {Leadbeateri} in {South} {Africa}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tauthor = {Cilliers, Dirk},\n\tyear = {2011},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A phylogeny of frugivorous hornbills linked to the evolution of Indian plants within Asian rainforests.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Viseshakul, N.; Charoennitikul, W.; Kitamura, S.; Kemp, A.; Thong-Aree, S.; Surapunpitak, Y.; Poonswad, P.; and Ponglikitmongkol, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 24(7): 1533–1545. 2011.\n Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{viseshakul_phylogeny_2011,\n\ttitle = {A phylogeny of frugivorous hornbills linked to the evolution of {Indian} plants within {Asian} rainforests},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/jeb/article-abstract/24/7/1533/7318701},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},\n\tauthor = {Viseshakul, N. and Charoennitikul, W. and Kitamura, S. and Kemp, A. and Thong-Aree, S. and Surapunpitak, Y. and Poonswad, P. and Ponglikitmongkol, M.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK},\n\tpages = {1533--1545},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Full mitochondrial genome sequences of two endemic Philippine hornbill species (Aves: Bucerotidae) provide evidence for pervasive mitochondrial DNA recombination.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sammler, S.; Bleidorn, C.; and Tiedemann, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BMC Genomics, 12(1): 35. December 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Full$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{sammler_full_2011,\n\ttitle = {Full mitochondrial genome sequences of two endemic {Philippine} hornbill species ({Aves}: {Bucerotidae}) provide evidence for pervasive mitochondrial {DNA} recombination},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1471-2164},\n\tshorttitle = {Full mitochondrial genome sequences of two endemic {Philippine} hornbill species ({Aves}},\n\turl = {https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-12-35},\n\tdoi = {10.1186/1471-2164-12-35},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            \n              Background\n              Although nowaday it is broadly accepted that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may undergo recombination, the frequency of such recombination remains controversial. Its estimation is not straightforward, as recombination under homoplasmy (i.e., among identical mt genomes) is likely to be overlooked. In species with tandem duplications of large mtDNA fragments the detection of recombination can be facilitated, as it can lead to gene conversion among duplicates. Although the mechanisms for concerted evolution in mtDNA are not fully understood yet, recombination rates have been estimated from "one per speciation event" down to 850 years or even "during every replication cycle".\n            \n            \n              Results\n              \n                Here we present the first complete mt genome of the avian family Bucerotidae, i.e., that of two Philippine hornbills,\n                Aceros waldeni\n                and\n                Penelopides panini\n                . The mt genomes are characterized by a tandemly duplicated region encompassing part of\n                cytochrome b\n                , 3 tRNAs,\n                NADH6\n                , and the control region. The duplicated fragments are identical to each other except for a short section in domain I and for the length of repeat motifs in domain III of the control region. Due to the heteroplasmy with regard to the number of these repeat motifs, there is some size variation in both genomes; with around 21,657 bp (\n                A. waldeni\n                ) and 22,737 bp (\n                P. panini\n                ), they significantly exceed the hitherto longest known avian mt genomes, that of the albatrosses. We discovered concerted evolution between the duplicated fragments within individuals. The existence of differences between individuals in coding genes as well as in the control region, which are maintained between duplicates, indicates that recombination apparently occurs frequently, i.e., in every generation.\n              \n            \n            \n              Conclusions\n              The homogenised duplicates are interspersed by a short fragment which shows no sign of recombination. We hypothesize that this region corresponds to the so-called Replication Fork Barrier (RFB), which has been described from the chicken mitochondrial genome. As this RFB is supposed to halt replication, it offers a potential mechanistic explanation for frequent recombination in mitochondrial genomes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {BMC Genomics},\n\tauthor = {Sammler, Svenja and Bleidorn, Christoph and Tiedemann, Ralph},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {35},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n Abstract Background Although nowaday it is broadly accepted that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may undergo recombination, the frequency of such recombination remains controversial. Its estimation is not straightforward, as recombination under homoplasmy (i.e., among identical mt genomes) is likely to be overlooked. In species with tandem duplications of large mtDNA fragments the detection of recombination can be facilitated, as it can lead to gene conversion among duplicates. Although the mechanisms for concerted evolution in mtDNA are not fully understood yet, recombination rates have been estimated from \"one per speciation event\" down to 850 years or even \"during every replication cycle\". Results Here we present the first complete mt genome of the avian family Bucerotidae, i.e., that of two Philippine hornbills, Aceros waldeni and Penelopides panini . The mt genomes are characterized by a tandemly duplicated region encompassing part of cytochrome b , 3 tRNAs, NADH6 , and the control region. The duplicated fragments are identical to each other except for a short section in domain I and for the length of repeat motifs in domain III of the control region. Due to the heteroplasmy with regard to the number of these repeat motifs, there is some size variation in both genomes; with around 21,657 bp ( A. waldeni ) and 22,737 bp ( P. panini ), they significantly exceed the hitherto longest known avian mt genomes, that of the albatrosses. We discovered concerted evolution between the duplicated fragments within individuals. The existence of differences between individuals in coding genes as well as in the control region, which are maintained between duplicates, indicates that recombination apparently occurs frequently, i.e., in every generation. Conclusions The homogenised duplicates are interspersed by a short fragment which shows no sign of recombination. We hypothesize that this region corresponds to the so-called Replication Fork Barrier (RFB), which has been described from the chicken mitochondrial genome. As this RFB is supposed to halt replication, it offers a potential mechanistic explanation for frequent recombination in mitochondrial genomes.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Seed-dispersal distributions by trumpeter hornbills in fragmented landscapes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lenz, J.; Fiedler, W.; Caprano, T.; Friedrichs, W.; Gaese, B. H.; Wikelski, M.; and Böhning-Gaese, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1716): 2257–2264. December 2011.\n Publisher: Royal Society\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Seed-dispersal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{lenz_seed-dispersal_2011,\n\ttitle = {Seed-dispersal distributions by trumpeter hornbills in fragmented landscapes},\n\tvolume = {278},\n\turl = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2010.2383},\n\tdoi = {10.1098/rspb.2010.2383},\n\tabstract = {Frugivorous birds provide important ecosystem services by transporting seeds of fleshy fruited plants. It has been assumed that seed-dispersal kernels generated by these animals are generally leptokurtic, resulting in little dispersal among habitat fragments. However, little is known about the seed-dispersal distribution generated by large frugivorous birds in fragmented landscapes. We investigated movement and seed-dispersal patterns of trumpeter hornbills (Bycanistes bucinator) in a fragmented landscape in South Africa. Novel GPS loggers provide high-quality location data without bias against recording long-distance movements. We found a very weakly bimodal seed-dispersal distribution with potential dispersal distances up to 14.5 km. Within forest, the seed-dispersal distribution was unimodal with an expected dispersal distance of 86 m. In the fragmented agricultural landscape, the distribution was strongly bimodal with peaks at 18 and 512 m. Our results demonstrate that seed-dispersal distributions differed when birds moved in different habitat types. Seed-dispersal distances in fragmented landscapes show that transport among habitat patches is more frequent than previously assumed, allowing plants to disperse among habitat patches and to track the changing climatic conditions.},\n\tnumber = {1716},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Lenz, Johanna and Fiedler, Wolfgang and Caprano, Tanja and Friedrichs, Wolfgang and Gaese, Bernhard H. and Wikelski, Martin and Böhning-Gaese, Katrin},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Royal Society},\n\tkeywords = {climate change, fragmentation, frugivory, land-use, long-distance seed dispersal, movement ecology},\n\tpages = {2257--2264},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n ACTION PLAN FOR CONSERVATION OF HORNBILL SPECIES IN IRANGI FOREST, EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kizungu, R. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY, 24: 27–35. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kizungu_action_2011,\n\ttitle = {{ACTION} {PLAN} {FOR} {CONSERVATION} {OF} {HORNBILL} {SPECIES} {IN} {IRANGI} {FOREST}, {EASTERN} {DEMOCRATIC} {REPUBLIC} {OF} {CONGO}},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tabstract = {A compilation of bibliographic data on the avifauna of Irangi, D.R. Congo, from published and unpublished works shows that the Irangi area is experiencing conservation issues mainly increasing human population and new areas of land being claimed for building. Many large trees are felled to make way for agriculture and timber for building. Smaller trees are regularly cut for ﬁrewood and bushes cleared to make way for farming. Pitsawing, mining, and hunting are still widespread in the area. Up to now, six species of hornbills—Tockus albocristatus, Tockus camurus, Ceratogymna atrata, Bycanistes cylindricus, Tockus fasciatus and Bycanistes ﬁstulator—are known to occur in this area, making Irangi forest of sufﬁcient quality to be promoted as the twentieth Important Bird Area for D.R. Congo. It fulﬁls the A1 and A3 criteria. Five species of global conservation concern have been recorded at the site within the last 12 years. These are Pteronnetta hartlaubi (Vulnerable), Terpsiphone bedfordi (Near Threatened), Francolinus nahani (Endangered), Afropavo congensis (Vulnerable) and Psittacus erithacus (Near Threatened). The site is known to hold a signiﬁcant component of the group of species whose distribution is largely conﬁned to the GuineoCongolian Biome. More than 77 species out of 228 species that occur in the Guineo-Congolian Biome have been recorded for the site. Using hornbills as ﬂagship species, an urgent action plan for conserving Irangi forest is presented.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY},\n\tauthor = {Kizungu, Robert Byamana},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Congo, Guineo-Congolian Biome, Irangi forest, hornbill conservation},\n\tpages = {27--35},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Frugivory and seed dispersal by hornbills (Bucerotidae) in tropical forests.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kitamura, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Acta Oecologica, 37(6): 531–541. November 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Frugivory$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kitamura_frugivory_2011,\n\tseries = {Frugivores and {Seed} {Dispersal}: {Mechanisms} and {Consequences} of a {Key} {Interaction} for {Biodiversity}},\n\ttitle = {Frugivory and seed dispersal by hornbills ({Bucerotidae}) in tropical forests},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {1146-609X},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1146609X11000166},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.015},\n\tabstract = {I summarize the current knowledge of frugivory and seed dispersal by hornbills in tropical forests. Many studies report on frugivory by hornbills but few specifically identify hornbills as effective dispersers. Hornbills are able to disperse a diverse array of fruits in tropical forests (748 plant species from 252 genera and 79 families) and move many of the seeds far from the parent trees. They digest only the fleshy parts of fruits that they swallow and then regurgitate/defecate the seeds intact. The relatively long seed retention times ({\\textgreater}1 h) and propensity for depositing seeds away from the parent trees while foraging suggest high-quality dispersal. Some seeds might be aggregated at nest and roost sites, but hornbills are capable of dispersing seeds over several kilometers, resulting in a relatively even spread of seeds throughout the forest. Based on the results summarized here, hornbills provide excellent seed dispersal services to tropical plants in their respective habitats.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Acta Oecologica},\n\tauthor = {Kitamura, Shumpei},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Diet, Fruit, Paleotropics, Seed disperser, Seed retention time},\n\tpages = {531--541},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Status and Distribution of Four Species of Hornbills from North and Central Western Ghat-A Report.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dutta, B. B.; and Sakthivel, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Records of the Zoological Survey of India,93–106. September 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Status$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{dutta_status_2010,\n\ttitle = {Status and {Distribution} of {Four} {Species} of {Hornbills} from {North} and {Central} {Western} {Ghat}-{A} {Report}},\n\tissn = {2581-8686},\n\turl = {https://recordsofzsi.com/index.php/zsoi/article/view/158936},\n\tdoi = {10.26515/rzsi/v110/i3/2010/158936},\n\tabstract = {No Abstract.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-07},\n\tjournal = {Records of the Zoological Survey of India},\n\tauthor = {Dutta, Barid Baran and Sakthivel, Rengasamy},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {93--106},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n What causes variation in the reproductive performance of groups of Southern Ground-Hornbills (Bucorvus Leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wilson, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{wilson_what_2010,\n\taddress = {Rondebosch, Cape Town},\n\ttype = {({MSc} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {What causes variation in the reproductive performance of groups of {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbills} ({Bucorvus} {Leadbeateri}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tschool = {University of Cape Town},\n\tauthor = {Wilson, G.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Contribution to the Ornithology of Northern Gobir (Central Niger).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Manvell, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{manvell_contribution_2010,\n\ttitle = {A {Contribution} to the {Ornithology} of {Northern} {Gobir} ({Central} {Niger})},\n\turl = {https://www.adammanvell.info/notes},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-02},\n\tjournal = {Adammanvell.info},\n\tauthor = {Manvell, Adam},\n\tyear = {2010},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Observations of southern ground-hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri grooming common warthog Phacochoerus africanus.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coetzee, H. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n African Journal of Ecology, 48(4): 1131–1133. 2010.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01203.x\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Observations$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{coetzee_observations_2010,\n\ttitle = {Observations of southern ground-hornbill {Bucorvus} leadbeateri grooming common warthog {Phacochoerus} africanus},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tcopyright = {© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd},\n\tissn = {1365-2028},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01203.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01203.x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {African Journal of Ecology},\n\tauthor = {Coetzee, Hendri C.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01203.x},\n\tpages = {1131--1133},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n How much is enough? Calibrating satellite telemetry for South Ground- Hornbills (BSc Honours.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dickens, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{dickens_how_2010,\n\taddress = {Rondebosch, Cape Town},\n\ttype = {({Hons} thesis)},\n\ttitle = {How much is enough? {Calibrating} satellite telemetry for {South} {Ground}- {Hornbills} ({BSc} {Honours}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tschool = {University of Cape Town},\n\tauthor = {Dickens, J.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Elephant impact on the large tree component and its potential effect on selected fauna.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rode, S. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk, Pretoria, November 2010.\n Accepted: 2011-10-04T09:37:30Z\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Elephant$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{rode_elephant_2010,\n\taddress = {Muckleneuk, Pretoria},\n\ttype = {({Master} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Elephant impact on the large tree component and its potential effect on selected fauna},\n\turl = {https://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/4887},\n\tabstract = {The aim of the study was to determine the consequences of elephant (Loxodonta africana) impact on selected nesting sites of avian fauna and other species in the Associated Private Nature Reserves. The study also aimed at answering key questions on how the architecture of trees influence nest site suitability and what landscape features affect nest site location. Furthermore the type of impact that elephants have on specific nesting sites was determined and how this would affect the short term persistence of these trees. The facillitatory role of elephants was examined by looking at the type of impact that produces gum exudants as well as what gum is selected for by primates and whether primary branch breaking may lead to the creation of nesting sites for species such as the southern ground hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tschool = {University of South Africa},\n\tauthor = {Rode, Sieglinde Corny},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Accepted: 2011-10-04T09:37:30Z},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2009\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Use of an Extracapsular Stabilization Technique to Repair Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in Two Avian Species.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chinnadurai, S. K.; Spodnick, G.; Degernes, L. A.; DeVoe, R. S.; and Marcellin-Little, D. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of avian medicine and surgery, 23(4): 307–313. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Use$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{chinnadurai_use_2009,\n\ttitle = {Use of an {Extracapsular} {Stabilization} {Technique} to {Repair} {Cruciate} {Ligament} {Ruptures} in {Two} {Avian} {Species}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/116-311-667-162-345},\n\tdoi = {10.1647/1082-6742-23.4.307},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Journal of avian medicine and surgery},\n\tauthor = {Chinnadurai, Sathya K. and Spodnick, Gary and Degernes, Laurel A. and DeVoe, Ryan S. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {307--313},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Variation in behavioral and hormonal responses of adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) to crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) in Kibale National Park, Uganda.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arlet, M. E.; and Isbell, L. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 63(4): 491–499. February 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Variation$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{arlet_variation_2009,\n\ttitle = {Variation in behavioral and hormonal responses of adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys ({Lophocebus} albigena) to crowned eagles ({Stephanoaetus} coronatus) in {Kibale} {National} {Park}, {Uganda}},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tissn = {1432-0762},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-008-0682-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00265-008-0682-5},\n\tabstract = {Intensive study of arboreal forest-dwelling primates and their predators in Africa is increasingly revealing that crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) are major predators of primates. Gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) are overrepresented in the diets of crowned eagles in Kibale National Park, Uganda, and adult male mangabeys are represented more than females. We focused on the behavior of adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys living in social groups in Kibale National Park (1) to clarify the interactions between mangabeys and eagles that might put adult males at greater risk and (2) to better understand individual variation in behavioral responses to predators. Adult male mangabeys in five groups responded to observer-confirmed presence of crowned eagles 88 times over a 13-month period. While all males gave alarm calls, only the highest-ranking male in each of four groups chased eagles. These males had elevated levels of fecal cortisol metabolites in the days immediately after they engaged in active defense, suggesting that they perceived such behavior as risky. In the one group where male ranks were unstable and there were no infants, no male was observed to chase eagles. We suggest that males pursue the dangerous tactic of chasing eagles only when they are likely to have offspring in the group. Males in larger groups also spent less time alarm calling to crowned eagles (from first to last call in a group), and our observations confirmed that the duration of their alarm calls was related to eagle presence. Thus, eagles spent less time around larger mangabey groups. Alarm calling by adult male mangabeys may signal to this ambush predator that it has been detected and should move on.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},\n\tauthor = {Arlet, Malgorzata E. and Isbell, Lynne A.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Active defense, Alarm call, Fecal cortisol, Predator–prey strategies},\n\tpages = {491--499},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Development and functional significance of dorsal air bags in nestlings of Monteiro's Hornbill Tockus monteiri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Downs, C.; Boix-Hinzen, C.; and Brown, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 80(1): 53–58. April 2009.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/OSTRICH.2009.80.1.8.766\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Development$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{downs_development_2009,\n\ttitle = {Development and functional significance of dorsal air bags in nestlings of {Monteiro}'s {Hornbill} {Tockus} monteiri},\n\tvolume = {80},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/OSTRICH.2009.80.1.8.766},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/OSTRICH.2009.80.1.8.766},\n\tabstract = {This study describes the morphology and investigates the possible function of the air bags found on the nestlings of Monteiro's Hornbill Tockus monteiri. These air bags increased in size with age and mass of the nestling until 14 d of age, and then decreased in size. By 20 d of age, the air bags were absent. Histological examination of the air bags showed that they were integumentary structures composed of an outer epidermis and an inner dermis. The air bags were not connected to the respiratory system. The body temperature (Tb) of Monteiro's Hornbill nestlings increased significantly with increasing age. Comparisons of ambient, nest and female body temperatures were made. Female Tb was higher than ambient and nest temperatures. It appears that airbags may provide an effective intermediate insulatory mechanism for the nestlings while they are developing their thermoregulatory ability. Therefore, it is suggested that the dorsal air bags evolved primarily for thermoregulatory benefits to nestlings, although further research is required.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Downs, Colleen and Boix-Hinzen, Christian and Brown, Mark},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/OSTRICH.2009.80.1.8.766},\n\tpages = {53--58},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A survey of birds in Omo Forest Reserve, south-western Nigeria.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Olmos, F.; and Turshak, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of the African Bird Club, 16(2): 184–196. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{olmos_survey_2009,\n\ttitle = {A survey of birds in {Omo} {Forest} {Reserve}, south-western {Nigeria}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.5962/p.309880},\n\tdoi = {10.5962/p.309880},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of the African Bird Club},\n\tauthor = {Olmos, F. and Turshak, L.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {184--196},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2008\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Is there a visitor effect on Abyssinian Ground Hornbills (Bucorvus abyssinicus), Papuan Wreathed Hornbills (Aceros plicatus), Wrinkled Hornbills (Aceros corrugatus) and Toco Toucans (Ramphastos toco) in a captive zoo environment?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thicks, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Plymouth Student Scientist, 1(2): 30–55. December 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Is$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{thicks_is_2008,\n\ttitle = {Is there a visitor effect on {Abyssinian} {Ground} {Hornbills} ({Bucorvus} abyssinicus), {Papuan} {Wreathed} {Hornbills} ({Aceros} plicatus), {Wrinkled} {Hornbills} ({Aceros} corrugatus) and {Toco} {Toucans} ({Ramphastos} toco) in a captive zoo environment?},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {1754-2383},\n\turl = {https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/tpss/vol1/iss2/14},\n\tdoi = {10.24382/9amf-9s11},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {The Plymouth Student Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Thicks, Susanna},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {30--55},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Notes on the breeding biology of the African Broadbill Smithornis capensis in north-eastern South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Engelbrecht, D.; and Nethonzhe, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich - Journal of African Ornithology. October 2008.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Notes$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{engelbrecht_notes_2008,\n\ttitle = {Notes on the breeding biology of the {African} {Broadbill} {Smithornis} capensis in north-eastern {South} {Africa}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/OSTRICH.2008.79.2.17.591},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/OSTRICH.2008.79.2.17.591},\n\tabstract = {(2008). Notes on the breeding biology of the African Broadbill Smithornis capensis in north-eastern South Africa. Ostrich: Vol. 79, No. 2, pp. 239-241.},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\turldate = {2025-02-02},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich - Journal of African Ornithology},\n\tauthor = {Engelbrecht, Derek and Nethonzhe, Christopher},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis Group},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Aggregated seed dispersal by wreathed hornbills at a roost site in a moist evergreen forest of Thailand.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kitamura, S.; Yumoto, T.; Noma, N.; Chuailua, P.; Maruhashi, T.; Wohandee, P.; and Poonswad, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ecological Research, 23(6): 943–952. February 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Aggregated$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kitamura_aggregated_2008,\n\ttitle = {Aggregated seed dispersal by wreathed hornbills at a roost site in a moist evergreen forest of {Thailand}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/149-518-115-877-866},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11284-008-0460-x},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Ecological Research},\n\tauthor = {Kitamura, Shumpei and Yumoto, Takakazu and Noma, Naohiko and Chuailua, Phitaya and Maruhashi, Tamaki and Wohandee, Prawat and Poonswad, Pilai},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {943--952},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2007\n \n \n (12)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The taxonomic status of the Damaraland Redbilled Hornbill (Tockus erythrorhynchus damarensis): a behavioural, morphological and molecular analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Delport, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{delport_taxonomic_2007,\n\ttype = {({PhD} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {The taxonomic status of the {Damaraland} {Redbilled} {Hornbill} ({Tockus} erythrorhynchus damarensis): a behavioural, morphological and molecular analysis},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tschool = {University of Pretoria},\n\tauthor = {Delport, W.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The current conservation status of the Southern ground hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri in Zimbabwe. In: Kemp, A. C. & Kemp, M. I. (eds). The Active Management of Hornbills and their Habitats for Conservation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chiweshe, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2007.\n Publisher: BirdLife Zimbabwe\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{chiweshe_current_2007,\n\ttitle = {The current conservation status of the {Southern} ground hornbill {Bucorvus} leadbeateri in {Zimbabwe}.  {In}: {Kemp}, {A}. {C}. \\& {Kemp}, {M}. {I}. (eds). {The} {Active} {Management} of {Hornbills}\nand their {Habitats} for {Conservation}},\n\turl = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ngoni-Chiweshe/publication/273453754_The_current_conservation_status_of_the_Ground_Hornbill_Bucorvus_leadbeateri_in_Zimbabwe_In_Kemp_AC_Kemp_MI_eds_The_Active_Management_of_Hornbills_and_their_Habitats_for_conservation_pp_252-256/links/564ed86108ae4988a7a64ca4/The-current-conservation-status-of-the-Ground-Hornbill-Bucorvus-leadbeateri-in-Zimbabwe-In-Kemp-AC-Kemp-MI-eds-The-Active-Management-of-Hornbills-and-their-Habitats-for-conservation-pp-252-256.pdf},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tpublisher = {BirdLife Zimbabwe},\n\tauthor = {Chiweshe, Ngoni},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Publisher: BirdLife Zimbabwe},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Growth curve analysis of hand-reared Southern and Northern Ground Hornbill nestlings.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Engelbrecht, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In CDROM Proceedings of the 4th International Hornbill Conference, January 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@inproceedings{engelbrecht_growth_2007,\n\ttitle = {Growth curve analysis of hand-reared {Southern} and {Northern} {Ground} {Hornbill} nestlings},\n\tabstract = {We compared the increase in mass of seven Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri and four\nNorthern Ground Hornbill B. abyssinicus nestlings that were hand-eared at two facilities. The\nfacilities were the Ground Hornbill Research and Conservation Project based at Mabula Game Reserve,\nBela-\nBela. and the Umgeni River Bird Park, Durban. Logistic, Gompetz and Von Bertalanffy models for\ngrowth analysis were applied to the data collected. The Gompetz model best described the growth of\nSouthern and Northern Ground Hornbill nestlings. Mean values of A = 3598.40 ± 512.70 (2655.50 –\n4035.30) and K = 0.08 ± 0.02 (0.05-0.12) were calculated for Southern Ground Hornbill nestlings and\nvalues of A = 2962.03 ± 464.63 (2612.60 – 3489.32) and K = 0.07 ± 0.02 (0.05 – 0.09) for Northern\nGround Hornbill nestlings. There was a significant difference (P{\\textless}0.05) between the A values of the\ntwo species. We also calculated the inflection point and t10-90 (time required for growth from 10\nto 90\\% of the asymptote). These results provide a basis for further studies on ground hornbill\ngrowth and will also\nallow hand-rearing facilities to verify the growth of their ground hornbill nestlings.},\n\tbooktitle = {{CDROM} {Proceedings} of the 4th {International} {Hornbill} {Conference}},\n\tauthor = {Engelbrecht, Derek},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2007},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The status of the Southern Ground-Hornbill in the Grahamstown region, Eastern Cape, South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hulley, P. E; and Craig, A. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 78(1): 89–92. March 2007.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/OSTRICH.2007.78.1.13.57\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{hulley_status_2007,\n\ttitle = {The status of the {Southern} {Ground}-{Hornbill} in the {Grahamstown} region, {Eastern} {Cape}, {South} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {78},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/OSTRICH.2007.78.1.13.57},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/OSTRICH.2007.78.1.13.57},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Hulley, Patrick E and Craig, Adrian JFK},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/OSTRICH.2007.78.1.13.57},\n\tpages = {89--92},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Seasonal variation in hornbill abundance in a West African national park detected using analysis of acoustic recordings.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rainey, H. J.; and Zuberbühler, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bird Conservation International, 17(3): 235–244. September 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Seasonal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{rainey_seasonal_2007,\n\ttitle = {Seasonal variation in hornbill abundance in a {West} {African} national park detected using analysis of acoustic recordings},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1474-0001, 0959-2709},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bird-conservation-international/article/seasonal-variation-in-hornbill-abundance-in-a-west-african-national-park-detected-using-analysis-of-acoustic-recordings/2DD831439FFBB100F93C81A2C5F5C771},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0959270907000731},\n\tabstract = {Distance sampling, line transects and radio-tracking have been used previously to estimate population abundances and movements of hornbills. We used a large dataset of audio recordings made over 10 years to estimate seasonal variation in abundance of three species: Black-casqued Hornbill Ceratogymna atrata, Yellow-casqued Hornbill C. elata and Brown-cheeked Hornbill Bycanistes cylindricus, in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. The latter two species are Near Threatened. Recordings of hornbill wing-beats were used to control for potential seasonal variation in call production. Yellow- and Black-casqued Hornbill calls were 10 times as abundant from July to February as they were from March to June. Brown-cheeked Hornbills showed a similar trend, but less pronounced. From these data we concluded that large numbers of Yellow- and Black-casqued Hornbills had left the Taï National Park during this period. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the fragmentation and regeneration of the Upper Guinea forests and the relatively small size of the remaining forest habitat in the region.Les taux d'abondance et de mouvement des populations de calaos étaient auparavant estimés par un échantillonnage et des analyses sur le logiciel Distance, des transects linéaires et des repérages télémétriques. Nous avons eu recours è un grand ensemble d'enregistrements audio effectués sur plus de 10 ans afin d'estimer la variation saisonniàre de l'abondance de trois espàces rencontrées dans le Parc National de Taï, en Côte d'Ivoire : le Grand Calao è Casque Noir Ceratogymna atrata, le Grand Calao è Casque Jaune Ceratogymna elata et le Calao è Joues Brunes Bycanistes cylindricus. Ces deux derniàres espàces sont aujourd'hui considérées comme presque menacées. Nous avons procédé è des enregistrements de battements d'ailes pour tester une potentielle variation saisonniàre de la production des cris. Les cris des Grands Calaos è Casque Jaune et è Casque Noir étaient dix fois plus abondants entre juillet et février qu'entre mars et juin. En revanche, les Calaos è Joues Brunes n'ont présenté qu'une petite variation du taux d'abondance entre ces deux périodes. D'apràs ces données, nous avons conclu qu'un grand nombre de Calaos è Casque Jaune et è Casque Noir quittent le Parc National de Taï entre mars et juin. La signification de ces découvertes est discutée en tenant compte de la fragmentation et de la régénération des forêts de Haute Guinée ainsi que de la dimension relativement petite de l'habitat forestier subsistant dans cette région.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-10-03},\n\tjournal = {Bird Conservation International},\n\tauthor = {Rainey, Hugo J. and Zuberbühler, Klaus},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {235--244},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n Distance sampling, line transects and radio-tracking have been used previously to estimate population abundances and movements of hornbills. We used a large dataset of audio recordings made over 10 years to estimate seasonal variation in abundance of three species: Black-casqued Hornbill Ceratogymna atrata, Yellow-casqued Hornbill C. elata and Brown-cheeked Hornbill Bycanistes cylindricus, in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. The latter two species are Near Threatened. Recordings of hornbill wing-beats were used to control for potential seasonal variation in call production. Yellow- and Black-casqued Hornbill calls were 10 times as abundant from July to February as they were from March to June. Brown-cheeked Hornbills showed a similar trend, but less pronounced. From these data we concluded that large numbers of Yellow- and Black-casqued Hornbills had left the Taï National Park during this period. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the fragmentation and regeneration of the Upper Guinea forests and the relatively small size of the remaining forest habitat in the region.Les taux d'abondance et de mouvement des populations de calaos étaient auparavant estimés par un échantillonnage et des analyses sur le logiciel Distance, des transects linéaires et des repérages télémétriques. Nous avons eu recours è un grand ensemble d'enregistrements audio effectués sur plus de 10 ans afin d'estimer la variation saisonniàre de l'abondance de trois espàces rencontrées dans le Parc National de Taï, en Côte d'Ivoire : le Grand Calao è Casque Noir Ceratogymna atrata, le Grand Calao è Casque Jaune Ceratogymna elata et le Calao è Joues Brunes Bycanistes cylindricus. Ces deux derniàres espàces sont aujourd'hui considérées comme presque menacées. Nous avons procédé è des enregistrements de battements d'ailes pour tester une potentielle variation saisonniàre de la production des cris. Les cris des Grands Calaos è Casque Jaune et è Casque Noir étaient dix fois plus abondants entre juillet et février qu'entre mars et juin. En revanche, les Calaos è Joues Brunes n'ont présenté qu'une petite variation du taux d'abondance entre ces deux périodes. D'apràs ces données, nous avons conclu qu'un grand nombre de Calaos è Casque Jaune et è Casque Noir quittent le Parc National de Taï entre mars et juin. La signification de ces découvertes est discutée en tenant compte de la fragmentation et de la régénération des forêts de Haute Guinée ainsi que de la dimension relativement petite de l'habitat forestier subsistant dans cette région.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The status and conservation of southern ground hornbills, Bucorvus leadbeateri, in the Limpopo province, South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Engelbrecht, D.; Theron, N.; Turner, A.; Van Wyk, J.; Pienaar, K.; Kemp, A. C.; and Kemp, M. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 4th International Hornbill Conference. Mabula Game Lodge, South Africa, pages 1–5, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@inproceedings{engelbrecht_status_2007,\n\ttitle = {The status and conservation of southern ground hornbills, {Bucorvus} leadbeateri, in the {Limpopo} province, {South} {Africa}},\n\turl = {https://www.academia.edu/download/31685385/Limpopo_Hornbills_IHC2005.pdf},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th {International} {Hornbill} {Conference}. {Mabula} {Game} {Lodge}, {South} {Africa}},\n\tauthor = {Engelbrecht, Derek and Theron, Nicholas and Turner, Ann and Van Wyk, Johan and Pienaar, Kobus and Kemp, A. C. and Kemp, M. I.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {1--5},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Euroceros bulgaricus gen. nov., sp. nov. from Hadzhidimovo (SW Bulgaria)(Late Miocene)–the first European record of Hornbills (Aves: Coraciiformes).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Boev, Z.; and Kovachev, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Geobios, 40(1): 39–49. 2007.\n Publisher: Elsevier\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Euroceros$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{boev_euroceros_2007,\n\ttitle = {Euroceros bulgaricus gen. nov., sp. nov. from {Hadzhidimovo} ({SW} {Bulgaria})({Late} {Miocene})–the first {European} record of {Hornbills} ({Aves}: {Coraciiformes})},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tshorttitle = {Euroceros bulgaricus gen. nov., sp. nov. from {Hadzhidimovo} ({SW} {Bulgaria})({Late} {Miocene})–the first {European} record of {Hornbills} ({Aves}},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016699506001069},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Geobios},\n\tauthor = {Boev, Zlatozar and Kovachev, Dimitar},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Elsevier},\n\tpages = {39--49},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n On toucans and hornbills: readings in early modern ornithology from Belon to Buffon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Smith, P. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Early Modern Zoology: The Construction of Animals in Science, Literature and the Visual Arts (2 vols.), pages 75–119. Brill, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"On$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@incollection{smith_toucans_2007,\n\ttitle = {On toucans and hornbills: readings in early modern ornithology from {Belon} to {Buffon}},\n\tshorttitle = {On toucans and hornbills},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/downloadpdf/book/9789047422365/Bej.9789004131880.i-657_005.pdf},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tbooktitle = {Early {Modern} {Zoology}: {The} {Construction} of {Animals} in {Science}, {Literature} and the {Visual} {Arts} (2 vols.)},\n\tpublisher = {Brill},\n\tauthor = {Smith, Paul J.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {75--119},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Euroceros bulgaricus gen. nov., sp. nov. from Hadzhidimovo (SW Bulgaria) (Late Miocene) – the first European record of Hornbills (Aves: Coraciiformes).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Boev, Z.; and Kovachev, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Geobios, 40(1): 39–49. January 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"<i>Euroceros$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{boev_euroceros_2007,\n\ttitle = {\\textit{{Euroceros} bulgaricus} gen. nov., sp. nov. from {Hadzhidimovo} ({SW} {Bulgaria}) ({Late} {Miocene}) – the first {European} record of {Hornbills} ({Aves}: {Coraciiformes})},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {0016-6995},\n\tshorttitle = {\\textit{{Euroceros} bulgaricus} gen. nov., sp. nov. from {Hadzhidimovo} ({SW} {Bulgaria}) ({Late} {Miocene}) – the first {European} record of {Hornbills} ({Aves}},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016699506001069},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.geobios.2005.12.001},\n\tabstract = {A new genus and species of ground-hornbill are described from the Late Tertiary (Late Miocene) fluviative deposits in Hadzhidimovo (Hadzhidimovo-1, or Hadzhidimovo-Girizite locality), in southwestern Bulgaria. The cranial half of a scapula and the distal third of a femur have been recovered. The morphology distinguishes the specimen from the recent species of Bucorvus, the closest genus. Most interesting is the morphology of the scapula (the holotype), which differs considerably from the ground-hornbills in some structures (e.g. the clavicular joint) while being surprisingly similar in other structures (e.g. the humeral articular joint). The last peculiarity may indicate that the fossil species was a more primitive form having relatively poorer flying capacity in comparison to other ground-hornbills. This first record of Bucerotidae in Europe proves the occurrence of the family in the Tertiary of the western parts of the Eurasian continent. It came from the richest Bulgarian locality of the Hipparion fauna, from which ca. 36 species of large mammals and birds are now known.\nRésumé\nUn nouveau genre et une nouvelle espèce de bucorvinés sont décrits du Miocène supérieur d’un gisement fluviatile près de la ville de Hadjidimovo (localité Hadjidimovo-1, ou Hadjidimovo-Girizite), au Sud-Ouest de la Bulgarie. Le nouveau taxon est représenté par une partie craniale de scapula et une partie distale de fémur. La morphologie distingue le spécimen fossile des espèces récentes de Bucorvus, qui est le genre le plus proche. La morphologie du scapula (holotype) est spécialement indicative. Par certaines structures (exemple de l’articulation claviculaire) elle diffère considérablement du genre nouveau des bucorvinés récents. Par ailleurs, un nombre de ces structures (exemple de l’articulation humérale) sont très proches morphologiquement de Bucorvus. Le dernier caractère est une indication probable d’un vol relativement plus limité. Cette première trouvaille de bucorvinés en Europe confirme l’occurrence de ce groupe dans le Tertiaire de l’Occident de l’Eurasie. Son origine est liée au gisement qui présente la plus riche faune à hipparion en Bulgarie, d’où 36 espèces de grands mammifères et d’oiseaux sont connues.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-09-29},\n\tjournal = {Geobios},\n\tauthor = {Boev, Zlatozar and Kovachev, Dimitar},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Aves, Bucerotidae, Bucorvinés, Bulgaria, Bulgarie, Ground-hornbills, Late Miocene, Miocène supérieur},\n\tpages = {39--49},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n A new genus and species of ground-hornbill are described from the Late Tertiary (Late Miocene) fluviative deposits in Hadzhidimovo (Hadzhidimovo-1, or Hadzhidimovo-Girizite locality), in southwestern Bulgaria. The cranial half of a scapula and the distal third of a femur have been recovered. The morphology distinguishes the specimen from the recent species of Bucorvus, the closest genus. Most interesting is the morphology of the scapula (the holotype), which differs considerably from the ground-hornbills in some structures (e.g. the clavicular joint) while being surprisingly similar in other structures (e.g. the humeral articular joint). The last peculiarity may indicate that the fossil species was a more primitive form having relatively poorer flying capacity in comparison to other ground-hornbills. This first record of Bucerotidae in Europe proves the occurrence of the family in the Tertiary of the western parts of the Eurasian continent. It came from the richest Bulgarian locality of the Hipparion fauna, from which ca. 36 species of large mammals and birds are now known. Résumé Un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espèce de bucorvinés sont décrits du Miocène supérieur d’un gisement fluviatile près de la ville de Hadjidimovo (localité Hadjidimovo-1, ou Hadjidimovo-Girizite), au Sud-Ouest de la Bulgarie. Le nouveau taxon est représenté par une partie craniale de scapula et une partie distale de fémur. La morphologie distingue le spécimen fossile des espèces récentes de Bucorvus, qui est le genre le plus proche. La morphologie du scapula (holotype) est spécialement indicative. Par certaines structures (exemple de l’articulation claviculaire) elle diffère considérablement du genre nouveau des bucorvinés récents. Par ailleurs, un nombre de ces structures (exemple de l’articulation humérale) sont très proches morphologiquement de Bucorvus. Le dernier caractère est une indication probable d’un vol relativement plus limité. Cette première trouvaille de bucorvinés en Europe confirme l’occurrence de ce groupe dans le Tertiaire de l’Occident de l’Eurasie. Son origine est liée au gisement qui présente la plus riche faune à hipparion en Bulgarie, d’où 36 espèces de grands mammifères et d’oiseaux sont connues.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Internal anatomy of the hornbill casque described by radiography, contrast radiography, and computed tomography.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gamble, K. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 21(1): 38–50. March 2007.\n Publisher: Association of Avian Veterinarians\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Internal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{gamble_internal_2007,\n\ttitle = {Internal anatomy of the hornbill casque described by radiography, contrast radiography, and computed tomography},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tissn = {10826742},\n\turl = {https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=10826742&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA252192798&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs},\n\tabstract = {{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Gale{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} Academic OneFile includes Internal anatomy of the hornbill casque described by ra by Kathryn C. Gamble. Click to explore.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-09-27},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery},\n\tauthor = {Gamble, Kathryn C.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Association of Avian Veterinarians},\n\tpages = {38--50},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n African hornbills: keystone species threatened by habitat loss, hunting and international trade.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Trail, P. W\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 78(3): 609–613. October 2007.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/OSTRICH.2007.78.3.7.318\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"African$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{trail_african_2007,\n\ttitle = {African hornbills: keystone species threatened by habitat loss, hunting and international trade},\n\tvolume = {78},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\tshorttitle = {African hornbills},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/OSTRICH.2007.78.3.7.318},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/OSTRICH.2007.78.3.7.318},\n\tabstract = {Africa is home to 23 of the world's 54 hornbill species, including the largest members of the family, the ground hornbills. None of Africa's hornbills are currently considered to be at significant risk of extinction by IUCN, and none are listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). However, there is evidence for serious declines of African forest hornbills due to habitat loss and fragmentation, and to unsustainable exploitation for bushmeat. In addition, this paper documents a previously unreported international trade involving importation of African hornbills and their parts into the United States. In the absence of CITES reporting requirements, it is difficult to estimate the magnitude of this trade, but it appears to represent an additional threat to African hornbills, particularly large forest-dwelling species of the genera Bycanistes and Ceratogymna. Given this international trade, and other known threats to African forest-dwelling hornbills, the status of these species is in urgent need of review.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-09-27},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Trail, Pepper W},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/OSTRICH.2007.78.3.7.318},\n\tpages = {609--613},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Raptor declines in West Africa: Comparisons between protected, buffer and cultivated areas.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thiollay, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oryx, 41: 322–329. July 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{thiollay_raptor_2007,\n\ttitle = {Raptor declines in {West} {Africa}: {Comparisons} between protected, buffer and cultivated areas},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tshorttitle = {Raptor declines in {West} {Africa}},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0030605307000809},\n\tabstract = {Since 1970 there has been a dramatic decline of large raptors and terrestrial birds in West African savannahs. Comparative dry season transect counts over 4,697 km of driven transects were performed in 2004–2005 in south-eastern Burkina Faso to assess the abundance of 41 raptor species and large terrestrial species in four National Parks and surrounding hunting zones and cultivated areas. Population sizes were estimated for larger taxa in protected areas using distance sampling and nest searching. Most large vultures and eagles were generally found only in protected areas, with fewer individuals in the surrounding buffer zones and nearly none elsewhere. Conversely, the abundance of most of the smaller species was not different between protected and cultivated areas, and three species were more abundant in cultivated areas. Helmeted guineafowl Numida meleagris, Stanley’s bustard Neotis denhami and Abyssinian ground hornbill Bucorvus abyssinicus were not found outside protected areas. Within the 1.4 million ha of protected areas in and around south-east Burkina Faso, six species of eagles and vultures have estimated populations of c. 100–200 pairs, five species c. 50–100 pairs, five species have populations of {\\textless}50 pairs, and the secretary bird Sagittarius serpentarius was not recorded. No specific reason for the collapse of large raptors in non-protected areas (which account for 99\\% of the area of the countries studied) has been identified, but the consequences of fast human population growth and habitat changes, overhunting, disturbances and poisoning may have played a critical role. Updating information on the conservation status of these species would be an important first step towards their long-term conservation.},\n\tjournal = {Oryx},\n\tauthor = {Thiollay, Jean-Marc},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {322--329},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2006\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Save the hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Quest,12–19. 2006.\n Publisher: Academy of Science for South Africa (ASSAf)\n\n\n\n
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@article{kemp_save_2006,\n\ttitle = {Save the hornbills},\n\turl = {https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/EJC-711e061bf},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Quest},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Meg},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Academy of Science for South Africa (ASSAf)},\n\tpages = {12--19},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n First finds of ancient ground-hornbills of Europe discovered in Bulgaria.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Boev, R. P. Z.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"First$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{boev_first_2006,\n\ttitle = {First finds of ancient ground-hornbills of {Europe} discovered in {Bulgaria}},\n\turl = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zlatozar-Boev/publication/301219604_First_finds_of_ancient_ground-hornbills_of_Europe_discovered_in_Bulgaria/links/570d04c408ae2b772e42a9a9/First-finds-of-ancient-ground-hornbills-of-Europe-discovered-in-Bulgaria.pdf},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Science},\n\tauthor = {Boev, Res Prof Zlatozar},\n\tyear = {2006},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Live or let live: life-history decisions of the breeding female Monteiro's Hornbill Tockus monteiri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mills, M. S. L.; Boix-Hinzen, C.; and Plessis, M. a. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ibis, 147(1): 48–56. 2005.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00340.x\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Live$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{mills_live_2005,\n\ttitle = {Live or let live: life-history decisions of the breeding female {Monteiro}'s {Hornbill} {Tockus} monteiri},\n\tvolume = {147},\n\tissn = {1474-919X},\n\tshorttitle = {Live or let live},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00340.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00340.x},\n\tabstract = {Life-history theory maintains that long-lived species such as hornbills (Bucerotiformes) maximize lifetime fecundity by ensuring adult survival, rather than investing in current reproductive output. Unusually, female Tockus hornbills are sealed into the nest cavity during breeding, placing a large burden on the male who feeds her and the nestlings for up to 9 weeks. Early departure to help feed young may improve nestling survival, but could reduce female survival if moult is incomplete. We investigated whether departure time of the female Monteiro's Hornbill Tockus monteiri is more strongly related to measures of female fitness or juvenile condition. Departure was independent of nestling development and growth, instead depending on female state. At departure, variability in condition between females was smaller than at any other stage, implying a strong stabilizing selection on optimal female departure condition. Similarly, moult showed signs of being completed, and variability in the state of moult between females was lowest at departure. Both predictions were met in favour of the hypothesis that Monteiro's Hornbills would base the timing of their departure from the nest on maximizing their own survival. Thus, as predicted, future reproductive potential takes precedence over current reproductive output in a trade-off decision in this species.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Ibis},\n\tauthor = {Mills, Michael S. L. and Boix-Hinzen, Christian and Plessis, Morné a. Du},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00340.x},\n\tpages = {48--56},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dealing with socially complex species in population viability analysis: a case study ofthe cooperatively-breeding southern ground hornbill, Bucorvus leadbeateri.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Spear, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{spear_dealing_2005,\n\taddress = {Rondebosch, Cape Town},\n\ttitle = {Dealing with socially complex species in population viability analysis: a case study ofthe cooperatively-breeding southern ground hornbill,  {Bucorvus} leadbeateri.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tschool = {University of Cape Town},\n\tauthor = {Spear, D.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2004\n \n \n (7)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Role of dispersal in the invasion of an exotic tree in an East African submontane forest.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cordeiro, N. J.; Patrick, D. A. G.; Munisi, B.; and Gupta, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Tropical Ecology, 20(4): 449–457. July 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Role$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{cordeiro_role_2004,\n\ttitle = {Role of dispersal in the invasion of an exotic tree in an {East} {African} submontane forest},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1469-7831, 0266-4674},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-tropical-ecology/article/abs/role-of-dispersal-in-the-invasion-of-an-exotic-tree-in-an-east-african-submontane-forest/53399EB4FE66CFF01265A4AB7FC7C518},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S026646740400152X},\n\tabstract = {Early successional tree species typically attract numerous generalist frugivores, many of which serve as seed dispersers. This study evaluated whether several such dispersers facilitated the invasion of an exotic, early successional tree species, Maesopsis eminii (Rhamnaceae), in submontane forests of the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. The primary seed dispersers and their dispersal effectiveness were determined through focal watches at eight trees. Only 3 of 13 frugivores that consumed Maesopsis fruits functioned as seed dispersers (silvery-cheeked hornbill Ceratogymna brevis, Fischer's turaco Tauraco fischeri and blue monkey Cercopithecus mitis). On average, hornbills dispersed {\\textgreater}26 times more seeds than monkeys, and {\\textgreater}3 times as many seeds as turacos per visit and were thus considered the most important disperser. Seed germination was not affected by gut passage through hornbills. Germination in four microhabitats was experimentally evaluated to determine whether microhabitat influences germination success. Large gaps and forest edges had significantly higher germination rates compared with understorey locations; the germination rate in small gaps was not significantly different from that in the understorey. Expansive Maesopsis invasion in the East Usambaras was likely enhanced in both rapidity and scale by the presence of an extremely effective dispersal agent, the silvery-cheeked hornbill.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},\n\tauthor = {Cordeiro, Norbert J. and Patrick, David A. G. and Munisi, Billy and Gupta, Vipul},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {Ceratogymna, Cercopithecus mitis, Maesopsis eminii, Tauraco, biological invasion, dispersal effectiveness, germination},\n\tpages = {449--457},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The responses of black-casqued hornbills to predator vocalisations and primate alarm calls.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rainey, H. J.; Zuberbühler, K.; and Slater, P. J. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Behaviour, 141(10): 1263–1277. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{rainey_responses_2004,\n\ttitle = {The responses of black-casqued hornbills to predator vocalisations and primate alarm calls},\n\tvolume = {141},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/085-761-212-281-01X},\n\tdoi = {10.1163/1568539042729658},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\tjournal = {Behaviour},\n\tauthor = {Rainey, Hugo J. and Zuberbühler, Klaus and Slater, Peter J. B.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {Biology, Biology \\& Environmental Sciences, Journal},\n\tpages = {1263--1277},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Visual fields in hornbills: precision-grasping and sunshades.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Martin, G. R.; and Coetzee, H. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ibis, 146(1): 18–26. 2004.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00211.x\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Visual$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{martin_visual_2004,\n\ttitle = {Visual fields in hornbills: precision-grasping and sunshades},\n\tvolume = {146},\n\tissn = {1474-919X},\n\tshorttitle = {Visual fields in hornbills},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00211.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00211.x},\n\tabstract = {Retinal visual fields were determined in Southern Ground Hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri and Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills Tockus leucomelas (Coraciiformes, Bucerotidae) using an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique. In both species the binocular field is relatively long and narrow with a maximum width of 30° occurring 40° above the bill. The bill tip projects into the lower half of the binocular field. This frontal visual field topography exhibits a number of key features that are also found in other terrestrial birds. This supports the hypothesis that avian visual fields are of three principal types that are correlated with the degree to which vision is employed when taking food items, rather than with phylogeny. However, unlike other species studied to date, in both hornbill species the bill intrudes into the binocular field. This intrusion of the bill restricts the width of the binocular field but allows the birds to view their own bill tips. It is suggested that this is associated with the precision-grasping feeding technique of hornbills. This involves forceps-like grasping and manipulation of items in the tips of the large decurved bill. The two hornbill species differ in the extent of the blind area perpendicularly above the head. Interspecific comparison shows that eye size and the width of the blind area above the head are significantly correlated. The limit of the upper visual field in hornbills is viewed through the long lash-like feathers of the upper lids and these appear to be used as a sunshade mechanism. In Ground Hornbills eye movements are non-conjugate and have sufficient amplitude (30–40°) to abolish the frontal binocular field and to produce markedly asymmetric visual field configurations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Ibis},\n\tauthor = {Martin, Graham R. and Coetzee, Hendri C.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00211.x},\n\tpages = {18--26},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breeding and nest site characteristics of the Black-casqued Hornbill Ceratogymna atrata and White-thighed Hornbill Ceratogymna cylindricus in south-central Cameroon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stauffer, D. J.; and Smith, T. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 75(3): 79–88. September 2004.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306520409485418\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breeding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{stauffer_breeding_2004,\n\ttitle = {Breeding and nest site characteristics of the {Black}-casqued {Hornbill} {Ceratogymna} atrata and {White}-thighed {Hornbill} {Ceratogymna} cylindricus in south-central {Cameroon}},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/00306520409485418},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306520409485418},\n\tabstract = {The reproductive biology of two species of African hornbill, the Black-casqued Hornbill, Ceratogymna atrata, and the Whitethighed Hornbill, Ceratogymna cylindricus, was investigated over a four-year period (1994–1997) on a 25km 2 site in lowland rainforest in south-central Cameroon. Nesting attempts varied considerably among years, with the percentage of successful nests highest in 1995, with 64\\% and 54\\% of Black-casqued and White-thighed Hornbill fledging offspring, respectively. There were no nesting attempts in 1994, despite the fact that hornbills were present in the study area. Large differences in fruit availability were also noted across years, suggesting that reproductive activity and success are related to fruit availability. Data collected from 38 nests, over four breeding seasons (1994–1997), showed a preference for nest cavities in larger trees within areas of the forest containing larger trees. Hornbills did not show preferences for particular tree species, with the possible exception of Petersianthus macrocarpus, in which nine of the active nest cavities were found. Comparisons showed few significant differences in cavity characteristics between the two species . While cavities may have been a limiting factor in nesting in 1995, the year with the highest fruit availability, cavities were not limiting during other years when fruit availability was lower. Hornbill diets, as determined from seed traps at cavities, showed significant year-to-year variation. Although courtship and exploratory behaviour of cavities by pairs took place in most years, females did not wall themselves into cavities unless fruit was plentiful. Hornbills appear to time reproduction to coincide with peak food supply and successfully reproduce only when food is plentiful, and may curtail or forego nesting in years when fruit availability is low.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Stauffer, Donald J. and Smith, Thomas B.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306520409485418},\n\tpages = {79--88},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breeding biology of Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri in Zimbabwe: impacts of human activities.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Msimanga, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bird Conservation International, 14(S1): S63–S68. December 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breeding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{msimanga_breeding_2004,\n\ttitle = {Breeding biology of {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri in {Zimbabwe}: impacts of human activities},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1474-0001, 0959-2709},\n\tshorttitle = {Breeding biology of {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri in {Zimbabwe}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bird-conservation-international/article/breeding-biology-of-southern-ground-hornbill-bucorvus-leadbeateri-in-zimbabwe-impacts-of-human-activities/5560D2DE235966407FEA63A099A55E00},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0959270905000237},\n\tabstract = {This paper summarizes current knowledge and outlines future work on the breeding biology of Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri in Zimbabwe. All available records since 1900 were analysed, including casual reports by members of BirdLife Zimbabwe and published records. Estimates were made for the start and end of the breeding season, group sizes, clutch size and productivity levels, together with an assessment of preferred habitats and nest-tree species. There is a need for intensive fieldwork to determine aspects of breeding biology such as incubation and nestling periods. Particularly important for sound management and conservation strategies is relative breeding success in different land-tenure systems. The author has started work in a communal area 40 km south of Bulawayo city; land-use systems such as new resettlement areas, commercial farms and protected areas remain to be studied.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {S1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Bird Conservation International},\n\tauthor = {Msimanga, A.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {S63--S68},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Structure of an African Red-Billed Hornbill (Tockus Erythrorhynchus Rufirostris and T. E. Damarensis) Hybrid Zone as Revealed by Morphology, Behavior, and Breeding Biology.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Delport, W.; Kemp, A. C.; and Ferguson, J. W. H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Auk, 121(2): 565–586. April 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Structure$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{delport_structure_2004,\n\ttitle = {Structure of an {African} {Red}-{Billed} {Hornbill} ({Tockus} {Erythrorhynchus} {Rufirostris} and {T}. {E}. {Damarensis}) {Hybrid} {Zone} as {Revealed} by {Morphology}, {Behavior}, and {Breeding} {Biology}},\n\tvolume = {121},\n\tissn = {1938-4254},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.2.565},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/auk/121.2.565},\n\tabstract = {The distributions of southern African (Tockus erythrorhynchus rufirostris) and Damaraland (T. e. damarensis) Red-billed Hornbills overlap in northern Namibia. Allopatric populations of the taxa have diagnosable differences in habitat, morphology, vocalizations, and displays. We investigated the structure of the hybrid zone using data from morphology, behavior, and breeding biology. The morphological characteristics—eye color and facial plumage color—were summarized as hybrid index scores, which showed a significant positive regression against distance from southwest to northeast across the hybrid zone. Vocalizations also showed a positive relationship between the first principal component (extracted from 12 call variables) and distance across the hybrid zone. However, there appears to be introgression of a T. e. damarensis call into T. e. rufirostris, but not vice versa. In addition, female T. e. damarensis-male T. e. rufirostris breeding pairs occur more frequently than male T. e. damarensis-female T. e. rufirostris pairs. The asymmetrical call introgression may result either from asymmetry in mating or from genetic control of call inheritance. Finally, heterospecific pairs show lower fitness, in the form of reduced hatching success, even when female fitness attributes are included as covariates. Although we are uncertain whether the Red-billed Hornbill hybrid zone is stable, the apparent biological processes operating within it conform to predictions of both the “mosaic” and the “tension zone” models, because both habitat characteristics and a balance of dispersal and selection appear to determine its structure.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {The Auk},\n\tauthor = {Delport, Wayne and Kemp, Alan C. and Ferguson, J. Willem H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {565--586},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hornbills can distinguish between primate alarm calls.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rainey, H. J.; Zuberbühler, K.; and Slater, P. J. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 271(1540): 755–759. April 2004.\n Publisher: Royal Society\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Hornbills$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{rainey_hornbills_2004,\n\ttitle = {Hornbills can distinguish between primate alarm calls},\n\tvolume = {271},\n\turl = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2003.2619},\n\tdoi = {10.1098/rspb.2003.2619},\n\tabstract = {Some mammals distinguish between and respond appropriately to the alarm calls of other mammal and bird species. However, the ability of birds to distinguish between mammal alarm calls has not been investigated. Diana monkeys (Cercopithecus diana) produce different alarm calls to two predators: crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) and leopards (Panthera pardus). Yellow–casqued hornbills (Ceratogymna elata) are vulnerable to predation by crowned eagles but are not preyed on by leopards and might therefore be expected to respond to the Diana monkey eagle alarm call but not to the leopard alarm call. We compared responses of hornbills to playback of eagle shrieks, leopard growls, Diana monkey eagle alarm calls and Diana monkey leopard alarm calls and found that they distinguished appropriately between the two predator vocalizations as well as between the two Diana monkey alarm calls. We discuss possible mechanisms leading to these responses.},\n\tnumber = {1540},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Rainey, Hugo J. and Zuberbühler, Klaus and Slater, Peter J. B.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Royal Society},\n\tkeywords = {Anti–Predator Behaviour, Associative Learning, Habituation, Interspecific Communication, Ivory Coast, Primates},\n\tpages = {755--759},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2003\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Howard, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n London : Christopher Helm, 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@book{howard_howard_2003,\n\ttitle = {The {Howard} and {Moore} complete checklist of the birds of the world},\n\tisbn = {978-0-7136-6536-9},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/howardmoorecompl0000howa},\n\tabstract = {1039 p. ; 27 cm; Previous ed.: published as A complete checklist of the birds of the world. London : Academic Press, 1991; Includes bibliographical references (p. 832-883) and indexes},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2025-02-05},\n\tpublisher = {London : Christopher Helm},\n\tauthor = {Howard, Richard},\n\tcollaborator = {{Internet Archive}},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {Birds -- Classification},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fathers with Highly Demanding Partners and Offspring in a Semidesert Environment: Energetic Aspects of the Breeding System of Monteiro's Hornbills (Tockus monteiri) in Namibia.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Klaassen, M.; Brenninkmeijer, A.; Boix-Hinzen, C.; and Mendelsohn, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Auk, 120: 866–873. April 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{klaassen_fathers_2003,\n\ttitle = {Fathers with {Highly} {Demanding} {Partners} and {Offspring} in a {Semidesert} {Environment}: {Energetic} {Aspects} of the {Breeding} {System} of {Monteiro}'s {Hornbills} ({Tockus} monteiri) in {Namibia}},\n\tvolume = {120},\n\tshorttitle = {Fathers with {Highly} {Demanding} {Partners} and {Offspring} in a {Semidesert} {Environment}},\n\tdoi = {10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0866:FWHDPA]2.0.CO;2},\n\tabstract = {Molting females of Monteiro's Hornbills (Tockus monteiri) seal themselves in nest cavities to breed until chicks are about half grown. To gain insight into the chronology of energy requirements of the Monteiro's Hornbill family unit in relation to this peculiar breeding strategy, we measured a number of ecological, physiological, and environmental variables during the Monteiro's Hornbill's breeding season. Those measurements included rates of energy expenditure of female Monteiro's Hornbills while in the nest cavity, characterizing their thermal environment, timing of egg laying, molt, hatching and fledging of chicks, as well as measuring clutch size and chick growth. Temperatures within the nest box varied between 12 and 39°C and did not affect the female energy expenditure. Female body mass and energy expenditure averaged 319 g and 5 W, respectively, at the start of concealment and decreased by on average 1.1 g day−1 and 0.05 W day−1 during at least the first 30 days of the 52–58 day concealment period. Clutch size varied between 1 and 8 and averaged 4.1 eggs, with eggs averaging only 66\\% of the mass predicted for a bird of this size. Over the range of chick ages at which the female might leave the nest, the predicted energy requirements for maintenance and tissue growth for a Monteiro's Hornbill chick increase sharply from 1.2 W at age 8 to 3.0 W at age 25. Reduction of the female energy requirement with time, the relatively low growth rate and therewith low energy requirements of Monteiro's Hornbill chicks, and an appropriate timing of the female's exodus from the nest cavity all aid in containing peak energy demands to levels that are sustainable for the food provisioning male.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {The Auk},\n\tauthor = {Klaassen, Marcel and Brenninkmeijer, Allix and Boix-Hinzen, Christian and Mendelsohn, John},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {866--873},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fathers With Highly Demanding Partners and Offspring in a Semidesert Environment: Energetic Aspects of the Breeding System of Monteiro's Hornbills (Tockus Monteiri) in Namibia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Klaassen, M.; Brenninkmeijer, A.; Boix-Hinzen, C.; and Mendelsohn, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Auk, 120(3): 866–873. July 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Fathers$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{klaassen_fathers_2003,\n\ttitle = {Fathers {With} {Highly} {Demanding} {Partners} and {Offspring} in a {Semidesert} {Environment}: {Energetic} {Aspects} of the {Breeding} {System} of {Monteiro}'s {Hornbills} ({Tockus} {Monteiri}) in {Namibia}},\n\tvolume = {120},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/153-991-770-325-521},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/auk/120.3.866},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {The Auk},\n\tauthor = {Klaassen, Marcel and Brenninkmeijer, Alex and Boix-Hinzen, Christian and Mendelsohn, John},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {866--873},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enterococcus phoeniculicola sp. nov., a novel member of the enterococci isolated from the uropygial gland of the Red-billed Woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus purpureus.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Law-Brown, J.; and Meyers, P. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 53(3): 683–685. 2003.\n Publisher: Microbiology Society,\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Enterococcus$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{law-brown_enterococcus_2003,\n\ttitle = {Enterococcus phoeniculicola sp. nov., a novel member of the enterococci isolated from the uropygial gland of the {Red}-billed {Woodhoopoe}, {Phoeniculus} purpureus},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {1466-5034},\n\turl = {https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02334-0},\n\tdoi = {10.1099/ijs.0.02334-0},\n\tabstract = {A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive, coccoid, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-negative bacterium was isolated from the uropygial (preen) gland of wild Red-billed Woodhoopoes (Phoeniculus purpureus) and designated strain JLB-1T. Physiological and biochemical testing suggested that this homofermentative, lactic-acid-producing bacterium could belong to the genus Enterococcus or the genus Streptococcus. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JLB-1T with other 16S rDNA sequences in the GenBank database by blast analysis showed that its closest relatives are Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus avium and Enterococcus asini. Strain JLB-1T may be differentiated from these species by the fact that it does not produce acid from lactose, d-mannitol, d(+)-melezitose or d-sorbitol. Furthermore, it does not hydrolyse arginine or hippurate and cannot grow in the presence of 6·5 \\% NaCl or 40 \\% bile. It differs from the streptococci in that it does not lyse erythrocytes. Strain JLB-1T is a novel member of the enterococci, for which the name Enterococcus phoeniculicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JLB-1T (=ATCC BAA-412T=DSM 14726T).},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology},\n\tauthor = {Law-Brown, Janette and Meyers, Paul R.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Microbiology Society,},\n\tpages = {683--685},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Biogeographical zonation of African hornbills and their biotic and geographic characterisations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Muñoz, A R.; Real, R.; Olivero, J.; Márquez, A. L; Guerrero, J. C; Bárcena, S. B; and Vargas, J M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 74(1-2): 39–47. June 2003.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306520309485368\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Biogeographical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{munoz_biogeographical_2003,\n\ttitle = {Biogeographical zonation of {African} hornbills and their biotic and geographic characterisations},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/00306520309485368},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306520309485368},\n\tabstract = {We studied the geographic ranges of the 23 African hornbill species using countries as distribution units, to search for either groups of similar distributions (chorotypes) or gradual replacement of species as two different types of distribution patterns. We used a probabilistic classification method to distinguish between these two types of biogeographic patterns. Then we analysed the influence of climate, area, surface covered by different types of habitat, and human disturbance in each country, as well as biotic features of the species involving the habitat preference, feeding requirements and habits, body size, sexual dimorphism, and metabolic parameters, on the biogeographic patterns detected. We found that 20 species were significantly classified into three chorotypes. The western-central chorotype comprises nine species characterised by their preference for forest habitat and their low sexual body mass dimorphism. These species occur in 25 countries, characterised by their low range of temperatures. The eastern chorotype includes three species characterised by their preference for feeding on the ground and greater dimorphism in mass between the sexes. Seven countries, characterised by their high values of savanna and grassland surface area, constitute the geographic element of this chorotype. The southern chorotype involves the distribution of eight species characterised by their preference for montane and coastal forests or woodlands. Eighteen countries fall into this chorotype and are characterised by their low values of temperature in the coldest month and greater surface area of desert scrub and desert forest. The other three species replace each other mainly following a gradual pattern within the study area.},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Muñoz, A Román and Real, Raimundo and Olivero, Jesús and Márquez, Ana L and Guerrero, José C and Bárcena, Silvia B and Vargas, J Mario},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306520309485368},\n\tpages = {39--47},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Avifaunal Collapse in West African Forest Fragments.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Beier, P.; Van Drielen, M.; and Kankam, B. O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Conservation Biology, 16(4): 1097–1111. 2002.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01003.x\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Avifaunal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{beier_avifaunal_2002,\n\ttitle = {Avifaunal {Collapse} in {West} {African} {Forest} {Fragments}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1523-1739},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01003.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01003.x},\n\tabstract = {Abstract: Despite the fact that West African tropical forests are the most fragmented in Africa, there has been no published research on biodiversity in these fragments. To determine how forest birds respond to five factors—patch size, patch isolation, canopy density, abundance of large trees, and proximity to forest edge—in these forests, we surveyed 60 species of forest birds on 121 transects (2.5 ha each) in 35 forest fragments in the semideciduous forest zone of Ghana. Species richness per transect increased with patch size over the entire range of patch sizes observed (3–33,000 ha). The diversity of forest birds (22 species) on a single transect in a large forest patch was similar to the cumulative diversity (25 species) on all 17 transects in 13 small patches. Twenty-two of 60 species were area sensitive, 15 of which were never found in small patches. These results suggest that only large forests will conserve many species of West African forest birds. Nine species were edge sensitive, 7 of which were also area sensitive. However, forest structure near patch edges was not consistent with bird responses to canopy and tree density, suggesting that mechanisms other than microclimate or structural changes ( perhaps predation or nest parasitism) underlie the response of most species that are sensitive to both edge and area. Regression of critical patch size (the smallest patch size in which a species was detected) on logarithm of body mass (an index of home range size) for 22 area-sensitive species suggests that area-sensitive species are unlikely to occur in patches smaller than several home-range areas. Canopy density influenced 13 species (11 positively, 2 negatively), and abundance of large trees influenced 8 species (3 positively, 5 negatively). Forest birds did not respond to isolation (distance from a patch to a large forest) for isolation distances of 1–25 km, suggesting that island biogeographic mechanisms had less influence on birds than other potential mechanisms of area sensitivity. Although small patches contributed little to the conservation of forest birds—species found in small patches were well represented in large patches—small patches are probably important for supporting generalist bird species that provide ecological services in the agricultural matrix and serving as nuclei for future ecosystem recovery.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-02-15},\n\tjournal = {Conservation Biology},\n\tauthor = {Beier, Paul and Van Drielen, Maryann and Kankam, Bright O.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01003.x},\n\tpages = {1097--1111},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n Abstract: Despite the fact that West African tropical forests are the most fragmented in Africa, there has been no published research on biodiversity in these fragments. To determine how forest birds respond to five factors—patch size, patch isolation, canopy density, abundance of large trees, and proximity to forest edge—in these forests, we surveyed 60 species of forest birds on 121 transects (2.5 ha each) in 35 forest fragments in the semideciduous forest zone of Ghana. Species richness per transect increased with patch size over the entire range of patch sizes observed (3–33,000 ha). The diversity of forest birds (22 species) on a single transect in a large forest patch was similar to the cumulative diversity (25 species) on all 17 transects in 13 small patches. Twenty-two of 60 species were area sensitive, 15 of which were never found in small patches. These results suggest that only large forests will conserve many species of West African forest birds. Nine species were edge sensitive, 7 of which were also area sensitive. However, forest structure near patch edges was not consistent with bird responses to canopy and tree density, suggesting that mechanisms other than microclimate or structural changes ( perhaps predation or nest parasitism) underlie the response of most species that are sensitive to both edge and area. Regression of critical patch size (the smallest patch size in which a species was detected) on logarithm of body mass (an index of home range size) for 22 area-sensitive species suggests that area-sensitive species are unlikely to occur in patches smaller than several home-range areas. Canopy density influenced 13 species (11 positively, 2 negatively), and abundance of large trees influenced 8 species (3 positively, 5 negatively). Forest birds did not respond to isolation (distance from a patch to a large forest) for isolation distances of 1–25 km, suggesting that island biogeographic mechanisms had less influence on birds than other potential mechanisms of area sensitivity. Although small patches contributed little to the conservation of forest birds—species found in small patches were well represented in large patches—small patches are probably important for supporting generalist bird species that provide ecological services in the agricultural matrix and serving as nuclei for future ecosystem recovery.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Genetic monogamy in Monteiro's hornbill, Tockus monteiri.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stanback, M.; Richardson, D. S.; Boix-Hinzen, C.; and Mendelsohn, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Animal Behaviour, 63(4): 787–793. April 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Genetic$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{stanback_genetic_2002,\n\ttitle = {Genetic monogamy in {Monteiro}'s hornbill, \\textit{{Tockus} monteiri}},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tissn = {0003-3472},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000334720191975X},\n\tdoi = {10.1006/anbe.2001.1975},\n\tabstract = {Hornbills display a unique breeding habit in which the female seals herself into the nest cavity prior to egg laying and remains ensconced for most of the breeding cycle. This habit necessitates long-term sperm storage, which considerably lengthens the fertile period of the female. This in turn increases the amount of time available to females to engage in extrapair copulations. Because food delivered by the male is the primary source of energy for female maintenance, egg production, incubation, female moult and offspring provisioning, male parental investment (and thus cuckoldry) in these hornbills is extremely expensive. This combination of costly male parental care and female dependence potentially places hornbills at a critical endpoint in the spectrum of genetic promiscuity operating within pairs of socially monogamous birds. A paradigm of reproductive conflict suggests that these factors might allow males to coerce females into a state of genetic monogamy. Sperm storage, however, might allow female hornbills to thwart monopolization attempts by their mates. We used minisatellite multilocus DNA fingerprinting to analyse paternity in a Namibian population of Monteiro's hornbill, Tockus monteiri. Despite the ability of female hornbills to store sperm for long periods, we found no evidence of extrapair paternity (EPP). Although we cannot explicitly rule out a role for coercion in the evolution of the genetic monogamy we observed, the benefits of EPP appear to be devalued to the point that the reproductive interests of males and females overlap considerably. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Animal Behaviour},\n\tauthor = {Stanback, Mark and Richardson, David S. and Boix-Hinzen, Christian and Mendelsohn, John},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpages = {787--793},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n DIFFERENTIAL RESOURCE USE BY PRIMATES AND HORNBILLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SEED DISPERSAL.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Poulsen, J. R.; Clark, C. J.; Connor, E. F.; and Smith, T. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ecology, 83(1): 228–240. January 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"DIFFERENTIAL$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{poulsen_differential_2002,\n\ttitle = {{DIFFERENTIAL} {RESOURCE} {USE} {BY} {PRIMATES} {AND} {HORNBILLS}: {IMPLICATIONS} {FOR} {SEED} {DISPERSAL}},\n\tvolume = {83},\n\tcopyright = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm\\_license\\_1.1},\n\tissn = {0012-9658},\n\tshorttitle = {{DIFFERENTIAL} {RESOURCE} {USE} {BY} {PRIMATES} {AND} {HORNBILLS}},\n\turl = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0228:DRUBPA]2.0.CO;2},\n\tdoi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0228:DRUBPA]2.0.CO;2},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Ecology},\n\tauthor = {Poulsen, John R. and Clark, Connie J. and Connor, Edward F. and Smith, Thomas B.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Cameroon, Ceratogymna, Cercopithecus, Colobus, Lophocebus, Monte Carlo methods, dietary overlap, frugivory, hornbill, primate, seed dispersal},\n\tpages = {228--240},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Characterization and Evolution of the Mitochondrial DNA Control Region in Hornbills (Bucerotiformes).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Delport, W.; Ferguson, J. W. H.; and Bloomer, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Molecular Evolution, 54(6): 794–806. June 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Characterization$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{delport_characterization_2002,\n\ttitle = {Characterization and {Evolution} of the {Mitochondrial} {DNA} {Control} {Region} in {Hornbills} ({Bucerotiformes})},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tcopyright = {http://www.springer.com/tdm},\n\tissn = {0022-2844, 1432-1432},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00239-001-0083-0},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00239-001-0083-0},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Molecular Evolution},\n\tauthor = {Delport, Wayne and Ferguson, J. Willem H. and Bloomer, Paulette},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Key words: Mitochondrial DNA — Control region — Bucerotiformes — Characterization — Repeats — Secondary structure — Phylogenetics — Population genetics},\n\tpages = {794--806},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comments on the status of subspecies in the red-billed hornbill (Tockus erythrorhynchus) complex (Aves: Bucerotidae), with the description of a new taxon endemic to Tanzania.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, W.; and Delport, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 39(1): 1–8. 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Comments$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kemp_comments_2002,\n\ttitle = {Comments on the status of subspecies in the red-billed hornbill ({Tockus} erythrorhynchus) complex ({Aves}: {Bucerotidae}), with the description of a new taxon endemic to {Tanzania}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/076-420-805-823-660},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Annals of the Transvaal Museum},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, W. and Delport, A. C.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Implications of Long-Distance Movements of Frugivorous Rain Forest Hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Holbrook, K. M.; Smith, T. B.; and Hardesty, B. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ecography, 25(6): 745–749. 2002.\n Publisher: [Nordic Society Oikos, Wiley]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Implications$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{holbrook_implications_2002,\n\ttitle = {Implications of {Long}-{Distance} {Movements} of {Frugivorous} {Rain} {Forest} {Hornbills}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0906-7590},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3683592},\n\tabstract = {Long-distance seed dispersal influences many critical ecological processes by improving chances of gene flow and maintaining genetic diversity among plant populations. Accordingly, large-scale movements by frugivores may have important conservation implications as they provide an opportunity for long-distance seed dispersal. We studied movement patterns, resource tracking, and potential long-distance seed dispersal by two species of Ceratogymna hornbills, the black-casqued hornbill C. atrata, and the white-thighed hornbill C. cylindricus, in lowland tropical forests of Cameroon. We determined fruiting phenology of 24 tree species important in hornbill diet at monthly intervals and compared these patterns to monthly hornbill census data. After capture and radio-tagging of 16 hornbills, we used radio telemetry by vehicle and fixed wing aircraft to determine the extent of long-distance movements. Hornbills exhibited up to 20-fold changes in numbers in response to fruit availability in our 25 km2 study area. Also, hornbills made large-scale movements up to 290 km, which are larger than any movement previously reported for large avian frugivores. Together, these observations provide direct evidence that hornbills are not resident and that hornbills track available fruit resources. Our results suggest that Ceratogymna hornbills embark on long-distance movements, potentially dispersing seeds and contributing to rain forest regeneration and diversity.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Ecography},\n\tauthor = {Holbrook, Kimberly M. and Smith, Thomas B. and Hardesty, Britta D.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tnote = {Publisher: [Nordic Society Oikos, Wiley]},\n\tpages = {745--749},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comments on the status of subspecies in the red-billed hornbill (Tockus erythrorhynchus) complex (Aves: Bucerotidae), with the description of a new taxon endemic to Tanzania.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A.; and Delport, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 39: 1–8. 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kemp_comments_2002,\n\ttitle = {Comments on the status of subspecies in the red-billed hornbill ({Tockus} erythrorhynchus) complex ({Aves}: {Bucerotidae}), with the description of a new taxon endemic to {Tanzania}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Annals of the Transvaal Museum},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, A.C. and Delport, W.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comparison of time-activity budgets and population structure for 18 large-bird species in the Kruger National Park, South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A.; and Begg, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 72(3-4): 179–184. September 2001.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306520109485314\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Comparison$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kemp_comparison_2001,\n\ttitle = {Comparison of time-activity budgets and population structure for 18 large-bird species in the {Kruger} {National} {Park}, {South} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {72},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2989/00306520109485314},\n\tdoi = {10.2989/00306520109485314},\n\tabstract = {The activity, age, sex and group size was recorded for 10 177 instantoneous samples of 18 species of large ({\\textgreater} 1 kg) birds in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, during 1991–94. The samples (75–2816 per species) were compared for four foraging guilds, of terrestrial (4 spp.), predatory (5 spp.), scavenger (5 spp.) and aquatic (4 spp.) species. Most results for individual species were similar to focal-animal studies and to other information in the literature. Members of the terrestrial guild were most often on the ground (58–78\\%). Predators and scavengers were most often in flight or perched (90–100\\% and 67–96\\%, respectively) but scavengers were more often standing on the ground (2–23\\%). Aquatic species were most often feeding or standing (49–65\\%). Predatory species were most often alone or in pairs, as were predatory members of other guilds (Sagittarius, Terathopius, Trigonoceps). Two terrestriol species were in small social groups (Struthio, Bucorvus), while scavengers and aquotic species were most often in larger groups. The proportion of immatures recorded within species was 3–35\\%. For seven dimorphic species, the sex ratio deviated from equality for the two social terrestrial species (Struthio, Bucorvus). Differences between species within guilds were often related to detailed differences in their ecology},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, A.C. and Begg, K.S.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306520109485314},\n\tpages = {179--184},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Seasonal variation in the feeding ecology of the grey-cheeked mangabey (Lophocebus albigena) in Cameroon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Poulsen, J. R.; Clark, C. J.; and Smith, T. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n American Journal of Primatology, 54(2): 91–105. 2001.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajp.1015\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Seasonal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{poulsen_seasonal_2001,\n\ttitle = {Seasonal variation in the feeding ecology of the grey-cheeked mangabey ({Lophocebus} albigena) in {Cameroon}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},\n\tissn = {1098-2345},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajp.1015},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/ajp.1015},\n\tabstract = {Seasonal fluctuations in resource abundance often cause primates to change their feeding behavior and ecology. The objective of this study was to examine the response of a largely frugivorous monkey, the grey-cheeked mangabey (Lophocebus albigena), to seasonal variations in fruit abundance. We used 15-min scan sampling to quantify feeding, activity, and habitat use by monkeys between February and December 1998 in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon. L. albigena were found to have omnivorous feeding habits, consuming the fruits, seeds, leaves, and flowers of 132 plant species. Although monkeys fed from many plant species, only five plant species accounted for 45\\% of all feeding records. The number of feeding observations on a plant species was significantly correlated with its fruit production. L. albigena responded to fruit-lean periods by shifting from a diet dominated by fruit to one dominated by seeds, flowers, and young leaves. This diet shift coincided with greater use of swamp habitat and higher dietary diversity. L. albigena spent the greatest percentage of scan samples feeding and traveling, but activities varied significantly over the day. Individuals spent a significantly higher percentage of scan samples feeding during the fruit-rich season than in the fruit-lean season. Comparing our results to those of studies in Gabon and Uganda, we found that L. albigena differ across regions in the number of plant species they consume and time spent feeding. These differences may be a result of variations in tree diversity or the strength of seasonal fluctuations in resource abundance among sites. Am. J. Primatol. 54:91–105, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {American Journal of Primatology},\n\tauthor = {Poulsen, John R. and Clark, Connie J. and Smith, Thomas B.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajp.1015},\n\tkeywords = {Cameroon, Lophocebus albigena, activity budget, feeding ecology, mangabey, seasonality},\n\tpages = {91--105},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2000\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Seed dispersal and movement patterns in two species of Ceratogymna hornbills in a West African tropical lowland forest.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Holbrook, K. M.; and Smith, T. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oecologia, 125(2): 249–257. October 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Seed$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{holbrook_seed_2000,\n\ttitle = {Seed dispersal and movement patterns in two species of {Ceratogymna} hornbills in a {West} {African} tropical lowland forest},\n\tvolume = {125},\n\tissn = {1432-1939},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000445},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s004420000445},\n\tabstract = {We studied two species of Ceratogymna hornbills, the black-casqued hornbill, C. atrata, and the white-thighed hornbill, C. cylindricus, in the tropical forests of Cameroon, to understand their movement patterns and evaluate their effectiveness as seed dispersers. To estimate hornbill contribution to a particular tree species' seed shadow we combined data from movements, determined by radio-tracking, with data from seed passage trials. For 13 individuals tracked over 12 months, home range varied between 925 and 4,472 ha, a much larger area than reported for other African avian frugivores. Seed passage times ranged from 51 to 765 min, with C. atrata showing longer passage times than C. cylindricus, and larger seeds having longer gut retention times than smaller seeds. Combining these data, we estimated that seed shadows were extensive for the eight tree species examined, with approximately 80\\% of seeds moved more than 500 m from the parent plant. Maximum estimated dispersal distances for larger seeds were 6,919 and 3,558 m for C. atrata and C. cylindricus, respectively. The extent of hornbill seed shadows suggests that their influence in determining forest structure will likely increase as other larger mammalian dispersers are exterminated.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Oecologia},\n\tauthor = {Holbrook, Kimberly M. and Smith, Thomas B.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Hornbills Telemetry, Seed dispersal, Seed shadow, Tropical frugivory},\n\tpages = {249--257},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A new subspecies of the Red-billed Hornbill, Tockus erythrorhynchus, from West Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tréca, B.; and Érard, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 71(3-4): 363–366. 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{treca_new_2000,\n\ttitle = {A new subspecies of the {Red}-billed {Hornbill}, {Tockus} erythrorhynchus, from {West} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {71},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/009-574-333-221-531},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00306525.2000.9639831},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Tréca, Bernard and Érard, Christian},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Red-billed Hornbill, Tockus erythrorhynchus, West Africa},\n\tpages = {363--366},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Sustainable Utilisation of Birds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Emu, 100(5): 355–365. 2000.\n Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kemp_sustainable_2000,\n\ttitle = {The {Sustainable} {Utilisation} of {Birds}},\n\tvolume = {100},\n\tissn = {1448-5540},\n\turl = {https://www.publish.csiro.au/mu/mu0003s},\n\tdoi = {10.1071/mu0003s},\n\tabstract = {The association between hominids and birds extends back at least one million years. Birds have been and remain an important resource in many local communities. Historically, the Egyptian husbandry of birds was notably extensive, equivalent to the present utilisation of birds in hunting and domestication, especially in Europe, North America and Asia. The modern complexities of sustainable utilisation are demonstrated with a feasibility study from South Africa that involved the Makuleke community and the Kruger National Park. Harvest and reintroduction were tested for the undeniably sustainable resource of redundant second-hatched chicks of African Hawk-eagle Hieraaetus spilogaster, Milky Eagle-owl Bubo lacteus and Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri. The technique is feasible but the economic sustainability remains to be determined. Discussion is also presented on the modern concept of sustainable utilisation, the levels at which it can be practiced and the biological risks involved. The features of birds that affect their utilisation are considered and possible avenues for avian research presented, to enhance our knowledge of birds as potential resources and products. The overall emphasis is that biologists must make a proper evaluation of birds as a potential product, so that objective decisions are possible on whether or not to utilise birds as a sustainable resource.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Emu},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Alan},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tnote = {Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING},\n\tpages = {355--365},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The role of birds in the culture of the Ndebele people of Zimbabwe.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Msimanga, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 71(1-2): 22–24. January 2000.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.2000.9639858\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{msimanga_role_2000,\n\ttitle = {The role of birds in the culture of the {Ndebele} people of {Zimbabwe}},\n\tvolume = {71},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.2000.9639858},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00306525.2000.9639858},\n\tabstract = {Msimanga, A. 2000. The role of birds in the culture of the Ndebele people of Zimbabwe. Ostrich 71 (1 \\& 2): 22–24. The Ndebele people of western Zimbabwe uphold some beliefs and practices relating to birds and these are either shared with other ethnic groups or unique to them. Some areas of interaction include the naming of birds, taboos, folk stories and songs as well as food and medicine. The changes in the lifestyle of the Ndebele resulting from industrialisation and urbanisation have had corresponding effects on attitudes towards cultural beliefs and this is affecting birdlife and indeed all biodiversity. It is suggested that where possible those beliefs and practices that impact positively on birdlife be identified and promoted for purposes of conservation and sustainable utilisation.},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Msimanga, A.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.2000.9639858},\n\tpages = {22--24},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A contribution to the study of the avifauna of the Bossematie Forest (Abengorou/Côte d’Ivoire). The future of Bossematie Forest: Current status.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yaokokore Beibro, H.; and Ellenberg, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology, 71(1-2): 292–294. 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{yaokokore__beibro_contribution_2000,\n\ttitle = {A contribution to the study of the avifauna of the {Bossematie} {Forest} ({Abengorou}/{Côte} d’{Ivoire}). {The} future of {Bossematie} {Forest}: {Current} status},\n\tvolume = {71},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00306525.2000.9639931},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology},\n\tauthor = {Yaokokore  Beibro, H.Y. and Ellenberg, H.},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tpages = {292--294},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1999\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Has predation shaped the social systems of arboreal primates.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Treves, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Primatology, 20(1): 35–67. 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Has$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{treves_has_1999,\n\ttitle = {Has predation shaped the social systems of arboreal primates},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/078-467-763-351-60X},\n\tdoi = {10.1023/a:1020532216737},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Primatology},\n\tauthor = {Treves, Adrian},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tpages = {35--67},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Occurrence of Red-billed Dwarf Hornbill Tockus camurus in the Republic of Bénin.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claffey, P. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of the African Bird Club, 6(2): 107–108. 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Occurrence$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{claffey_occurrence_1999,\n\ttitle = {Occurrence of {Red}-billed {Dwarf} {Hornbill} {Tockus} camurus in the {Republic} of {Bénin}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/032-538-955-655-540},\n\tdoi = {10.5962/p.309578},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of the African Bird Club},\n\tauthor = {Claffey, Patrick M.},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tpages = {107--108},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breeding ecology of the Sulawesi Red-Knobbed Hornbill Aceros cassidix.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kinnaird, M. F.; and O'brien, T. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ibis, 141(1): 60–69. 1999.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1999.tb04263.x\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breeding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kinnaird_breeding_1999,\n\ttitle = {Breeding ecology of the {Sulawesi} {Red}-{Knobbed} {Hornbill} {Aceros} cassidix},\n\tvolume = {141},\n\tissn = {1474-919X},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1999.tb04263.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1474-919X.1999.tb04263.x},\n\tabstract = {Data are presented for a four-year study of the breeding biology of the Sulawesi Red-knobbed Hornbill Aceros cassidix. The breeding season normally began in mid-June and lasted 27–30 weeks. Initiation of nesting appeared to be stimulated by the cessation of the rains and timed such that chicks emerged during a period of fruit abundance. Nesting period averaged 139 days and incubation was estimated at 35–40 days. Females remain sealed in the nest for an average of 108 days and nestlings fledged, on average, 28 davs after the female emerged. Nesting densities were up to 10.4/km2, nesting success was high (up to 80\\%) and repeated use of nests between years was common. Males delivered a low-protein diet of ripe fruits (89\\% of total diet) from 12 families and 52 species; invertebrates composed only 1\\% of food items. Figs (Ficus spp.) were the primary diet item, accounting for 81\\% of fruit biomass. Males increased feeding visits throughout the study, but the biomass of fruit delivered declined shortly after the female emerged. Reduced feeding prior to fledging may entice the nestling to emerge. The long developmental period of Sulawesi Red-knobbed Hornbills may result, in part, from the low protein content of the diet. Despite a 16\\% annual production, numbers in the study area have remained stable over the past 15 years. It is suggested that high post-fledging mortality or dispersal to degraded areas outside the reserve maintains population numbers. Distinguishing between these mechanisms is important for understanding the dynamics of hornbill populations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Ibis},\n\tauthor = {Kinnaird, Margaret F. and O'brien, Timothy G.},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1999.tb04263.x},\n\tpages = {60--69},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1998\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Geographical analysis of vegetation structure and sightings for four large bird species in the Kruger National Park, South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.; Benn, G. W.; and Begg, K. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bird Conservation International, 8(1): 89–108. 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Geographical$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kemp_geographical_1998,\n\ttitle = {Geographical analysis of vegetation structure and sightings for four large bird species in the {Kruger} {National} {Park}, {South} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/119-729-153-455-519},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/s0959270900003658},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Bird Conservation International},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, A. C. and Benn, G. W. and Begg, K. S.},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tpages = {89--108},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nature watch: Hornbills — Giants among the forest birds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raman, T. R. S.; and Mudappa, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Resonance, 3(8): 56–65. 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nature$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{raman_nature_1998,\n\ttitle = {Nature watch: {Hornbills} — {Giants} among the forest birds},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/022-272-914-154-936},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/bf02837346},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tjournal = {Resonance},\n\tauthor = {Raman, T. R. Shankar and Mudappa, Divya},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tpages = {56--65},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Habitat use and resource tracking by African Ceratogymna hornbills: implications for seed dispersal and forest conservation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Whitney, K. D.; and Smith, T. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Animal Conservation, 1(2): 107–117. 1998.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00018.x\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Habitat$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{whitney_habitat_1998,\n\ttitle = {Habitat use and resource tracking by {African} {Ceratogymna} hornbills: implications for seed dispersal and forest conservation},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {1469-1795},\n\tshorttitle = {Habitat use and resource tracking by {African} {Ceratogymna} hornbills},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00018.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00018.x},\n\tabstract = {Conservation of tropical forests requires an understanding of the seasonal patterns of abundance and distribution of important seed dispersers. In the forests of Central Africa, three species of hornbills in the genus Ceratogymna (Aves: Bucerotidae) provide dispersal for over 50 species of trees and lianas, yet their ecology is poorly known. We present the first empirical evidence for resource tracking and large-scale movements by two of these species, which were previously considered resident. Hornbill numbers and fruit production were estimated over a one-year period in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon. Monthly abundances of C. atrata and C. cylindricus varied four- and 12-fold, respectively, and were predicted by community fruit availability as measured by fruitfall on a 4.3 km trail. In contrast, C. fistulator abundances varied little and were not related to fruit availability. Synchronous population fluctuations in sites 22 km distant were observed for atrata and cylindricus, but not for fistulator. Together, these results indicate that atrata and cylindricus populations track fruit resources via seasonal emigrations, while the fistulator population appears to be relatively sedentary. Comparisons of hornbill densities in primary and secondary forests suggest that they are important dispersers in both habitats, and will likely play larger roles in central African forest regeneration as more vulnerable seed dispersers are removed by hunting. If large seasonal movements of hornbills turn out to be a general phenomenon, effective management of central African forest reserves will require greater emphasis on reserve connectivity and on seasonal and spatial patterns of fruit production.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Animal Conservation},\n\tauthor = {Whitney, Kenneth D. and Smith, Thomas B.},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00018.x},\n\tpages = {107--117},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Seed dispersal by Ceratogymna hornbills in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Whitney, K. D.; Fogiel, M. K.; Lamperti, A. M.; Holbrook, K. M.; Stauffer, D. J.; Hardesty, B. D.; Parker, V. T.; and Smith, T. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Tropical Ecology, 14(3): 351–371. May 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Seed$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{whitney_seed_1998,\n\ttitle = {Seed dispersal by {Ceratogymna} hornbills in the {Dja} {Reserve}, {Cameroon}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1469-7831, 0266-4674},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-tropical-ecology/article/abs/seed-dispersal-by-ceratogymna-hornbills-in-the-dja-reserve-cameroon/E98DCFDD3F0D883B9A2CA57C81B22018},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0266467498000273},\n\tabstract = {Seed dispersal is a process critical to the maintenance of tropical forests, yet little is known about the interactions of most dispersers with their communities. In the Dja Reserve, Cameroon, seed dispersal by the hornbills Certaogymna atrata, C. cylindricus and C. fistulator (Aves: Bucerotidae) was evaluated with respect to the taxonomic breadth of plants dispersed, location of seed deposition and effects on seed germination. Collectively, the three hornbill species consumed fruits from 59 tree and liana species, and likely provided dispersal for 56 of them. Hornbill-dispersed tree species composed 22\\% of the known tree flora of the site. Hornbill visit lengths, visit frequencies, and seed passage times indicated that few seeds were deposited beneath parent trees; in five hornbill/tree species pairings studied, 69–100\\% of the seeds ingested were deposited away from the parent trees. Germination trials showed that hornbill gut passage is gentle on seeds. Of 24 tree species tested, 23 germinated after passage by hornbills; of 17 planted with controls taken directly from trees, only four species showed evidence of inhibition of germination rate, while seven experienced unchanged germinated rates and six experienced enhanced germination rates. Results suggested that Certaogymna hornbill rank among the most important seed dispersers found in Afrotropical forests, and they deserve increased conservation attention. Ceratogymna hornbills are likely to become increasingly important in forest regeneration as populations of larger mammalian seed dispersers (such as forest elephants and primates) diminish.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},\n\tauthor = {Whitney, Kenneth D. and Fogiel, Mark K. and Lamperti, Aaron M. and Holbrook, Kimberly M. and Stauffer, Donald J. and Hardesty, Britta Denise and Parker, V. Thomas and Smith, Thomas B.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tkeywords = {Ceratogymna, birds, diet, frugivory, rain forest, seed deposition, seed dispersal, seed germination, seed passage},\n\tpages = {351--371},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1997\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hornbills Buceros spp. and culture in northern Borneo: Can they continue to co-exist.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sompud, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biological Conservation. January 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Hornbills$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{sompud_hornbills_1997,\n\ttitle = {Hornbills {Buceros} spp. and culture in northern {Borneo}: {Can} they continue to co-exist},\n\tshorttitle = {Hornbills {Buceros} spp. and culture in northern {Borneo}},\n\turl = {https://www.academia.edu/4916327/Hornbills_Buceros_spp_and_culture_in_northern_Borneo_Can_they_continue_to_co_exist},\n\tabstract = {Hornbills Buceros spp. and culture in northern Borneo: Can they continue to co-exist},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-12-06},\n\tjournal = {Biological Conservation},\n\tauthor = {Sompud, Jephte},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1997},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A visual assessment of vegetation structure for the Kruger National Park.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.; Begg, K. S.; Benn, G. A.; and Chadwick, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Koedoe, 40(2): 117–121. August 1997.\n Number: 2\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_visual_1997,\n\ttitle = {A visual assessment of vegetation structure for the {Kruger} {National} {Park}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 1997 A.C. Kemp, K.S. Begg, G.A. Benn, P. Chadwick},\n\tissn = {2071-0771},\n\turl = {https://koedoe.co.za/index.php/koedoe/article/view/277},\n\tdoi = {10.4102/koedoe.v40i2.277},\n\tabstract = {Vegetation structure was assessed visually for 1045 of the 1093 quadrats (2.5' x 2.5', ca 4 x 4 km) that cover the Kruger National Park. Vegetation categories recorded were-woody vegetation (broad-leaved, mopane, fine-leaved, mixed, riparian, treeless, scrub bushes and trees); ground cover (grass, grassless and open areas); and emergent large trees (baobab, live and dead). The results are available as grid maps or as files on the Internet. The categories were selected for their relevance to bird distribution but can be applied to other organisms.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-09-28},\n\tjournal = {Koedoe},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, A. C. and Begg, K. S. and Benn, G. A. and Chadwick, P.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tnote = {Number: 2},\n\tpages = {117--121},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Hornbills: Bucerotiformes Alan Kemp.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sheldon, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Auk, 114(3): 538. July 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{sheldon_hornbills_1997,\n\ttitle = {The {Hornbills}: {Bucerotiformes} {Alan} {Kemp}},\n\tvolume = {114},\n\tissn = {1938-4254},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Hornbills}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2307/4089266},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/4089266},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {The Auk},\n\tauthor = {Sheldon, F.H.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tpages = {538},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1996\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nest Sites of the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus Leadbeateri in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, and Conservation Implications.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.; and Begg, K. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 67(1): 9–14. March 1996.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1996.9633773\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nest$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_nest_1996,\n\ttitle = {Nest {Sites} of the {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} {Bucorvus} {Leadbeateri} in the {Kruger} {National} {Park}, {South} {Africa}, and {Conservation} {Implications}},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1996.9633773},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00306525.1996.9633773},\n\tabstract = {Kemp, A. C. \\& Begg, K. S. 1996. Nest sites of the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, and conservation implications. Ostrich 67: 9–14. Details of 56 active and 18 potential nest sites of the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri were recorded in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, over 298 nest-seasons during 1967–95. Nests were natural cavities with a median diameter of about 40 cm, 96\\% situated in 12 species of trees and 4\\% in rock faces. Only four species of tree provided 72\\% of nest sites and 85\\% of active nest sites were formed by rotting of a damaged branch or trunk. No habitat preference associated with nest sites was detected, but 61\\% of nests were within 400 m of a tourist road, possibly due to lower predation pressure. Nest attractiveness was correlated positively with nest height, cavity shallowness and proximity to tourist roads, but nest success was not correlated with any measured features of the sites. Average cavity durability was 14 years, but differed between tree species from 5–26 years. Nest site availability appeared to be the principal factor limiting the Southern Ground Hornbill population of the Kruger National Park. The limited choice of sites, and the potential for site modification and substitution, have important implications for wild and captive management and conservation.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Alan C. and Begg, Keith S.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1996.9633773},\n\tpages = {9--14},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n

\n \n 1995\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Hornbills: Bucerotiformes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, 1995.\n Google-Books-ID: LuMPAQAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@book{kemp_hornbills_1995,\n\ttitle = {The {Hornbills}: {Bucerotiformes}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-857729-4},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Hornbills}},\n\tabstract = {Beautifully illustrated and magnificently comprehensive, The Hornbills is the most authoritative treatment of all 54 species of these fascinating birds available. Found throughout the Old World--from sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Subcontinent to southeast Asia and Indonesia (to Papua New Guinea)--they are birds of the forest who survive largely on fruits and insects. Named after their large, distinctively shaped bills, they have long fascinated ornithologists with their fascinating social behavior and nesting habits. The first part of the book offers an overview of the family as a whole, describing all facets of hornbill life--including taxonomy, distribution, biology, and behavior--with a summary of the literature, a wealth of examples, and numerous illustrations. The second part features the species accounts, each of which contains a complete description of the bird in its natural state. Each account is culled from the best available sources, including the author's own research. This volume--as with others in the Bird Families of the World series--will be indispensable to professional and amateur ornithologists alike.  Bird Families of the World is a new multivolume series of handbooks that will prove indispensable to both the professional scientist and the ever-growing body of amateur ornithologists. Each volume will provide a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on one bird family or several related families. In each book the reader will find: six to nine general chapters on the biology, feeding ecology, breeding behavior, evolutionary relationships, and conservation of birds in the family; specially commissioned color plates by a leading artist; black-and-white illustrations of anatomy and behavior; descriptions of each species that cover appearance, weight, measurements, field characters, voice, habitat, food, breeding behavior, life cycle, range, and status (with distribution map). They will provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date species-level information available.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Alan C.},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: LuMPAQAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Nature / Animals / Birds, Nature / Birdwatching Guides, Science / Life Sciences / Botany, Science / Life Sciences / Zoology / General, Science / Life Sciences / Zoology / Ornithology, Science / Physics / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n Beautifully illustrated and magnificently comprehensive, The Hornbills is the most authoritative treatment of all 54 species of these fascinating birds available. Found throughout the Old World–from sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Subcontinent to southeast Asia and Indonesia (to Papua New Guinea)–they are birds of the forest who survive largely on fruits and insects. Named after their large, distinctively shaped bills, they have long fascinated ornithologists with their fascinating social behavior and nesting habits. The first part of the book offers an overview of the family as a whole, describing all facets of hornbill life–including taxonomy, distribution, biology, and behavior–with a summary of the literature, a wealth of examples, and numerous illustrations. The second part features the species accounts, each of which contains a complete description of the bird in its natural state. Each account is culled from the best available sources, including the author's own research. This volume–as with others in the Bird Families of the World series–will be indispensable to professional and amateur ornithologists alike. Bird Families of the World is a new multivolume series of handbooks that will prove indispensable to both the professional scientist and the ever-growing body of amateur ornithologists. Each volume will provide a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on one bird family or several related families. In each book the reader will find: six to nine general chapters on the biology, feeding ecology, breeding behavior, evolutionary relationships, and conservation of birds in the family; specially commissioned color plates by a leading artist; black-and-white illustrations of anatomy and behavior; descriptions of each species that cover appearance, weight, measurements, field characters, voice, habitat, food, breeding behavior, life cycle, range, and status (with distribution map). They will provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date species-level information available.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Conservation of Hombills in Captivity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Worth, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n AFA Watchbird, 22(2): 59–64. 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{worth_conservation_1995,\n\ttitle = {The {Conservation} of {Hombills} in {Captivity}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/085-922-347-811-086},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {AFA Watchbird},\n\tauthor = {Worth, Wendy},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tpages = {59--64},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Aerial casque‐butting by hornbills (Bucerotidae): a correction and an expansion.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ibis, 137(4): 588–589. 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Aerial$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_aerial_1995,\n\ttitle = {Aerial casque‐butting by hornbills ({Bucerotidae}): a correction and an expansion},\n\tvolume = {137},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/020-560-415-849-817},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1474-919x.1995.tb03271.x},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Ibis},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Alan C.},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tpages = {588--589},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1994\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ground Hornbills, the genus Bucorvus.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of the African Bird Club, 1(1): 10–11. March 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ground$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_ground_1994,\n\ttitle = {Ground {Hornbills}, the genus {Bucorvus}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {1352-481X},\n\turl = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/308855},\n\tdoi = {10.5962/p.308855},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of the African Bird Club},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Alan},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tpages = {10--11},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection in birds: field investigations in Senegal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zeller, H.; Cornet, J. P.; and Camicas, J. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Research in virology, 145(2): 105–109. 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Crimean-Congo$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{zeller_crimean-congo_1994,\n\ttitle = {Crimean-{Congo} haemorrhagic fever virus infection in birds: field investigations in {Senegal}.},\n\tvolume = {145},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/028-324-101-061-265},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/s0923-2516(07)80012-4},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Research in virology},\n\tauthor = {Zeller, Hervé and Cornet, J. P. and Camicas, J. L.},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tpages = {105--109},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1991\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Current Topics in Avian Biology. Proceedings of the International Centennial Meeting of the Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft 1988. Supplement to the Journal für Ornithologie.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Meanley, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Auk, 108(3): 746–747. July 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Current$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{meanley_current_1991,\n\ttitle = {Current {Topics} in {Avian} {Biology}. {Proceedings} of the {International} {Centennial} {Meeting} of the {Deutsche} {Ornithologen}-{Gesellschaft} 1988. {Supplement} to the {Journal} für {Ornithologie}},\n\tvolume = {108},\n\tissn = {1938-4254},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2307/4088133},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/4088133},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-02-07},\n\tjournal = {The Auk},\n\tauthor = {Meanley, Brooke},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tpages = {746--747},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1990\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A preliminary investigation into the status, distribution and some aspects of the foraging ecology of the southern ground hornbill (Bucorvus cafer.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Knight, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Berea, Durban, South Africa, 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@phdthesis{knight_preliminary_1990,\n\taddress = {Berea, Durban, South Africa},\n\ttype = {({Master} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {A preliminary investigation into the status, distribution and some aspects of the foraging ecology of the southern ground hornbill ({Bucorvus} cafer},\n\turl = {http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5895},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-02},\n\tschool = {University of KwaZulu-Natal},\n\tauthor = {Knight, G.M.},\n\tyear = {1990},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A miscellaneous collection of bird karyotypes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Belterman, R. H. R.; and De Boer, L. E. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Genetica, 83(1): 17–29. December 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{belterman_miscellaneous_1990,\n\ttitle = {A miscellaneous collection of bird karyotypes},\n\tvolume = {83},\n\tcopyright = {http://www.springer.com/tdm},\n\tissn = {0016-6707, 1573-6857},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00774685},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00774685},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Genetica},\n\tauthor = {Belterman, R. H. R. and De Boer, L. E. M.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tpages = {17--29},\n}\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Aeromonas hydrophila as Cause of Hemorrhagic Septicemia in a Ground-Hornbill (Bucorvus abyssinicus).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ocholi, R. A.; and Kalejaiye, J. O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Avian Diseases, 34(2): 495. April 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Aeromonas$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{ocholi_aeromonas_1990,\n\ttitle = {Aeromonas hydrophila as {Cause} of {Hemorrhagic} {Septicemia} in a {Ground}-{Hornbill} ({Bucorvus} abyssinicus)},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tissn = {00052086},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/1591444?origin=crossref},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/1591444},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2023-10-17},\n\tjournal = {Avian Diseases},\n\tauthor = {Ocholi, R. A. and Kalejaiye, J. O.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tpages = {495},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1989\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Captive Breeding and Management of the Jackson's Hornbill.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Heston, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n AFA Watchbird, 16(1): 36–42. 1989.\n Number: 1\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Captive$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{heston_captive_1989,\n\ttitle = {Captive {Breeding} and {Management} of the {Jackson}'s {Hornbill}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\turl = {https://watchbird-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/watchbird/article/view/459},\n\tabstract = {" Hornbill" - now that 's an interesting,descriptive term. Hearing ofsuch an animal without some sort ofvisual reinforcement would only setmy imagination free to concoct allkinds of weird , anatomical shapesand forms. Further, I'd bet the not-sogullibleresidents of Missouri (the"show me" state) would, with suspiciousskepticism, dismiss the existenceof such a creature as they mighta " jackalope" or a "devil chicken."Well, hornbills indeed exist, and theirappearance, as well as reproductivenatural history, are probably morebizarre than most people may imagine. Hornbills are representative of thefamily Bucerotidae, within the orderCoraciiformes, which al so includeshoopoes and the more familiar kingfishers. The hornbill family alone .consists of twelve genera, some fortyfivespecies, various subspecies andraces, all of which are indigenous tothe Old World . A variety of differentforms are found in Africa , India,throughout southeast Asia , and onmany islands of the Indo-Australianregion . It 's not surprising that thegreatest number of subspecies andraces have evolved among islandgroups such as the Philippines which,by their very nature, facilitate geographicisolation},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {AFA Watchbird},\n\tauthor = {Heston, John},\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tnote = {Number: 1},\n\tpages = {36--42},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Distribution of southern ground hornbills in the Kruger National Park in relation to some environmental features.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A.; Joubert, S.; and Kemp, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South African Journal of Wildlife Research, (3): 93–98. 1989.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_distribution_1989,\n\ttitle = {Distribution of southern ground hornbills in the {Kruger} {National} {Park} in relation to some environmental features},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {South African Journal of Wildlife Research},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, A.C. and Joubert, S.C.J. and Kemp, M.I.},\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tkeywords = {Bucerotidae, South Africa, density, distribution, southern ground hornbill},\n\tpages = {93--98},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Maintaining and breeding the Abyssinian ground hornbill Bucorvus abyssinicus at the Dallas Zoo.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Falzone, C. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Zoo Yearbook, 28(1): 246–249. 1989.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1989.tb03291.x\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Maintaining$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{falzone_maintaining_1989,\n\ttitle = {Maintaining and breeding the {Abyssinian} ground hornbill {Bucorvus} abyssinicus at the {Dallas} {Zoo}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tcopyright = {© 1989 The Zoological Society of London},\n\tissn = {1748-1090},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1989.tb03291.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1748-1090.1989.tb03291.x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {International Zoo Yearbook},\n\tauthor = {Falzone, Celia K.},\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1989.tb03291.x},\n\tpages = {246--249},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1988\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The behavioural ecology of the Southern Ground Hornbill: are competitive offspring at a premium?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the International Centennial Meeting of the Deutsche Ornithologen, 1988. Current Topics Avian Biology\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@inproceedings{kemp_behavioural_1988,\n\ttitle = {The behavioural ecology of the {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill}: are competitive offspring at a premium?},\n\tabstract = {A b s t r act: The Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus cafer has been studied for 20 years in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. It bred cooperatively in groups of 2-11 individuals (mean 3,5) and occupied territories of about 100 km-. Groups fledged on average one chick every 9,3 years, 31 OJo of which survived to adulthood. Adult turnover was 1,5 flJo per annum. Breeding vacancies appear limited and competitive offspring should be at a premium. This would be compatible with hypotheses explaining the helping, male territoriality. female dominance and obligate siblicide shown by this hornbill.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the {International} {Centennial} {Meeting} of the {Deutsche} {Ornithologen}},\n\tpublisher = {Current Topics Avian Biology},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Alan C},\n\tyear = {1988},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ecology and behavior of the black-and-white casqued hornbill (Bycanistes subcylindricus subquadratus) in Kibale Forest.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n JoAnne, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ecology$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@phdthesis{joanne_ecology_1988,\n\taddress = {East Lansing, Michigan},\n\ttype = {({PhD} {Thesis})},\n\ttitle = {Ecology and behavior of the black-and-white casqued hornbill ({Bycanistes} subcylindricus subquadratus) in {Kibale} {Forest}},\n\turl = {https://www.proquest.com/openview/83f41d35c772d9790490dc1f3a7b5af3/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y},\n\tlanguage = {it},\n\tschool = {Michigan State University},\n\tauthor = {JoAnne, K.},\n\tyear = {1988},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1987\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hornbill Social Dispersion: Variations on a Monogamous Theme.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Leighton, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Rubenstein, D. I.; and Wrangham, R. W., editor(s), Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution, pages 108–130. Princeton University Press, December 1987.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Hornbill$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@incollection{rubenstein_hornbill_1987,\n\ttitle = {Hornbill {Social} {Dispersion}: {Variations} on a {Monogamous} {Theme}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4008-5814-9},\n\tshorttitle = {6. {Hornbill} {Social} {Dispersion}},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400858149.108/html},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tbooktitle = {Ecological {Aspects} of {Social} {Evolution}},\n\tpublisher = {Princeton University Press},\n\tauthor = {Leighton, Mark},\n\teditor = {Rubenstein, Daniel I. and Wrangham, Richard W.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/9781400858149.108},\n\tpages = {108--130},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1986\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Ground Hornbill at the Southern Extremity of Its Range.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vernon, C. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 57(1): 16–24. March 1986.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1986.9633633\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{vernon_ground_1986,\n\ttitle = {The {Ground} {Hornbill} at the {Southern} {Extremity} of {Its} {Range}},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1986.9633633},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00306525.1986.9633633},\n\tabstract = {Vernon, C. J. 1986. The Ground Hornbill at the southern extremity of its range. Ostrich 57:16–24. All records of the Ground Hornbill Bocorvus leadbeateri south of 31°s are reviewed. The distribution of the species coincides with the grassland and forest veld types. The range has declined and the birds have withdrawn from the peripheral grassland areas. This decline is assumed to be a consequence of the increase in human population. The mean size of the Ground Hornbill groups is 3,5 birds.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Vernon, C. J.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1986},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1986.9633633},\n\tpages = {16--24},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1985\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Proceedings of the International Symposium on African Vertebrates, Systematics, Phylogeny, and Evolutionary Ecology: A Symposium Held at the Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, May 15-18, 1984.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schuchmann, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Selbstverlag, 1985.\n Google-Books-ID: naJhQgAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@book{schuchmann_proceedings_1985,\n\ttitle = {Proceedings of the {International} {Symposium} on {African} {Vertebrates}, {Systematics}, {Phylogeny}, and {Evolutionary} {Ecology}: {A} {Symposium} {Held} at the {Zoologisches} {Forschungsinstitut} und {Museum} {Alexander} {Koenig}, {Bonn}, {May} 15-18, 1984},\n\tisbn = {978-3-925382-00-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Proceedings of the {International} {Symposium} on {African} {Vertebrates}, {Systematics}, {Phylogeny}, and {Evolutionary} {Ecology}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Selbstverlag},\n\tauthor = {Schuchmann, Karl-L.},\n\tyear = {1985},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: naJhQgAACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n \n 1983\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n

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\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dwarf mongoose and hornbill mutualism in the Taru desert, Kenya.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Anne, O.; and Rasa, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 12(3): 181–190. June 1983.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Dwarf$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{anne_dwarf_1983,\n\ttitle = {Dwarf mongoose and hornbill mutualism in the {Taru} desert, {Kenya}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1432-0762},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290770},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00290770},\n\tabstract = {Dwarf mongooses in the Taru desert region of Kenya form foraging communities with a variety of endemic bird species, especially hornbills. The prey spectra of the mongooses and hornbills overlap almost completely. For the other bird species forming the foraging community only partial overlap exists. The association between the birds and mongooses is actively sought by both parties. The birds wait in tress around the termite mound where the monogooses are sleeping for them to emerge and the mongooses delay their foraging departure if no birds are present. There is a positive relationship between the number of mongooses in the group and the number of birds accompanying them. A true mutualism only exists between the mongooses and the two hornbill species Tockus deckeni and T. flavirostris since their presence or arrival affects the subsequent start of foraging. These two hornbill species have also been observed to influence the start of foraging actively by means of two behaviour patterns termed ‘chivvying’ and ‘waking’. Both the mongooses and birds are exposed to a high predator pressure from raptors with an overlap in the birds of prey predating the various species. This predator pressure is counteracted behaviourally by the mongooses by means of an altruistic behaviour pattern, ‘guarding’. Both mongooses and birds warn vocally and flee when a raptor is sighted. The mongooses modify their guarding behaviour to compensate for the warning behaviour of the birds in two ways: (a) fewer mongooses guard when large numbers of birds are present and vice versa, (b) the frequency of the mongooses' intraspecific warning calls is significantly reduced in cases where birds are present in comparison with those where they are absent. The birds also sight and respond to the raptor first on significantly more occasions than the mongooses. In addition, the birds also warn for raptor species which do not predate them but which are mongoose predators, not, however, for raptors which are not mongoose predators. This mutualistic association with its high degree of compensatory behaviour by both parties appears to be unique for free-living vertebrates and has its closest parallel in the trophobiosis described for ants and aphids.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},\n\tauthor = {Anne, O. and Rasa, E.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tkeywords = {Behaviour Pattern, Bird Species, Close Parallel, High Predator, Predator Pressure},\n\tpages = {181--190},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n Dwarf mongooses in the Taru desert region of Kenya form foraging communities with a variety of endemic bird species, especially hornbills. The prey spectra of the mongooses and hornbills overlap almost completely. For the other bird species forming the foraging community only partial overlap exists. The association between the birds and mongooses is actively sought by both parties. The birds wait in tress around the termite mound where the monogooses are sleeping for them to emerge and the mongooses delay their foraging departure if no birds are present. There is a positive relationship between the number of mongooses in the group and the number of birds accompanying them. A true mutualism only exists between the mongooses and the two hornbill species Tockus deckeni and T. flavirostris since their presence or arrival affects the subsequent start of foraging. These two hornbill species have also been observed to influence the start of foraging actively by means of two behaviour patterns termed ‘chivvying’ and ‘waking’. Both the mongooses and birds are exposed to a high predator pressure from raptors with an overlap in the birds of prey predating the various species. This predator pressure is counteracted behaviourally by the mongooses by means of an altruistic behaviour pattern, ‘guarding’. Both mongooses and birds warn vocally and flee when a raptor is sighted. The mongooses modify their guarding behaviour to compensate for the warning behaviour of the birds in two ways: (a) fewer mongooses guard when large numbers of birds are present and vice versa, (b) the frequency of the mongooses' intraspecific warning calls is significantly reduced in cases where birds are present in comparison with those where they are absent. The birds also sight and respond to the raptor first on significantly more occasions than the mongooses. In addition, the birds also warn for raptor species which do not predate them but which are mongoose predators, not, however, for raptors which are not mongoose predators. This mutualistic association with its high degree of compensatory behaviour by both parties appears to be unique for free-living vertebrates and has its closest parallel in the trophobiosis described for ants and aphids.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Toucans ( Ramphastidae) and hornbills ( Bucerotidae) as ant followers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Willis, E. O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scopus,239–242. December 1983.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Toucans$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{willis_toucans_1983,\n\ttitle = {Toucans ( {Ramphastidae}) and hornbills ( {Bucerotidae}) as ant followers.},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/084-351-669-266-161},\n\tjournal = {Scopus},\n\tauthor = {Willis, E. O.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tpages = {239--242},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Avifauna od the Omo National Park, Ethiopia, in the Dry Season.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Takeishi, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n African Study Monographs, 4: 91–106. December 1983.\n Accepted: 2008-11-18T09:36:12Z Publisher: The Research Committee for African Area Studies, Kyoto University\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Avifauna$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{takeishi_avifauna_1983,\n\ttitle = {Avifauna od the {Omo} {National} {Park}, {Ethiopia}, in the {Dry} {Season}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {0285-1601},\n\turl = {https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/67999},\n\tdoi = {10.14989/67999},\n\tabstract = {The avifauna of lowland Ethiopia consisting of grassland and bushland was investigated during the dry season from November 1981 to February 1982 in Omo National Park. One hundred and thirty-eight species of 48 families were observed in the whole area of the Park. One hundred and seven of these species were observed in the bushland around a small river and 45 species in the grassland and a small swamp. In the bushland area, dominant species were Turtur chalcospilos, Lamprotornis purpuropterus, Pycnonotus barbatus, Streptoperia decipiens, S. capicola, Tockus jacksoni, Corythaixoides leucogaster, Dicrurus adsimilis, and Francolinus sephaena. In the vicinity of the river, Burhinus senegalensis, Butorides striatus, Megaceryle maxima and Ceryle rudis were commonly found. In the grassland area, Struthio camelus, Ardeotis kori, some species of Bustards, Oenanthe sp. and Cisticola sp. were commonly found. At the swamp in the grassland, Hoplopterus spinosus and Himantopus himantopus dominated. Comparing the savanna bushland with the grassland, the number of species and the density of birds in the former were three to five times and about thirty times respectively as many as those in the latter. In the savanna bushland, frugivores (19.5\\% of total number of species) accounted for 43.4\\% of total observed individuals and graminivores were next. In the grassland, number and density of species of insectivores were considerably higher than species with other food habits.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {African Study Monographs},\n\tauthor = {Takeishi, Masayoshi},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tnote = {Accepted: 2008-11-18T09:36:12Z\nPublisher: The Research Committee for African Area Studies, Kyoto University},\n\tpages = {91--106},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hand Rearing Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Heston, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n AFA Watchbird, 10(4): 26–29. 1983.\n Number: 4\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Hand$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{heston_hand_1983,\n\ttitle = {Hand {Rearing} {Southern} {Yellow}-billed {Hornbills}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\turl = {https://watchbird-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/watchbird/article/view/2185},\n\tabstract = {On the evening of April 2, 1983, I received an urgent call from work. A couple of large trees had fallen, due to high Santa Ana winds, and another was threatening to crash down on one of the bird facilities. When I arrived and began relocating birds that may have been in danger, I kept noticing that something just wasn't right about the scenery several yards up the hill from me where another complex of cages was located.When I investigated further, I discovered that the facility was mangled by a giant redwood tree that had uprooted. The damage was so extensive that the floor of one cage was now eye level, and the rest were wrenched beyond repair. It was only because the incident occurred at night-and fortunately a very dark one-that none of the birds escaped.Of the species of birds that had to be relocated was a pair of actively breeding southern yellow-billed hornbills (Tockus flavirostrus leucomelas). The female, after a period of 58 days, had just broken herself out on March 28 and both parents were feeding four young that remained in the nest box. Ideally, I was hoping that the parents would continue to feed the chicks, despite being relocated; but after 12 hours or so things dido' t look very prom1smg.After considering some alternatives that we could employ to raise the young ourselves, I decided to let them emerge as naturally as possible instead of, for ex- ample, removing the young immediately and raising them outside the nest box. I moved the nestbox to our main work area; set it up in a convenient location; and I constructed a wire cage around the front to contain the fledglings.Even though it had been 18 to 20 hours since they had last been fed by the parents, they were at first, still reluctant to accept food from a human hand. From within their capsule, they seem to have sensed that something had gone awry from the way nature had intended. After persistent offerings they soon came around and in a couple of hours were accepting food voraciously, as the following randomly chosen feeding records will attest. At the start of the feed session, the young squeal loudly as they snatch the food from the keeper's hand; but as the session progresses, they will usually settle down and accept the food quietly.The chicks are tidy little creatures, constantly "cleaning house", i.e., discarding bits of this and that through the small opening in the nestbox. I began placing a cup directly under the slit and was able to collect-what they regard as-trash. Bits of feces, small pieces of detritus, whole or pieces of dead insects, other rejected food, etc., were collected.Immediately after setting the situation up, it became apparant that one more modification would be necessary. I first realized this through the lens of my camera while attempting to photograph the arrangement. While focusing, a tuft of white feathers-the type that would be found around the vent of a bird-appeared at the nest opening. What occured next happened so fast it seemed like a blur; but when I finally realized what was happening, I thought I was a goner. Fortunately, it was just a close call. From that moment on a shield was placed to minimize the mess and to reduce the risk of some innocent passerby being struck by feces flying from seemingly out of nowhere.It wasn't until April 22nd, that there were any signs that the young were trying to break from the nest. One chick was chisling away at the entrance with the tip of its already formidable bill. This went on intermittently until the early morning hours of April 24th. Two of the young had fledged by the time I had arrived that morning. The third fledged during the afternoon of the next day and all three were transferred to another facility, and had no problems eating on their own for the first time. The remaining chick apparently decided that it wasn't ready, and resealed the nest entrance. It wasn't until 2:00 p.m. on May 5th that it decided to fledge. It was soon removed, and after a brief physical, was placed with the rest of its siblings. There were no problems with feeding or interaction when it was reunited with the others.I'm sure that most of us would agree we don't need any more problems than we already have; however this one turned out to be an interesting and rewarding experience. •},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {AFA Watchbird},\n\tauthor = {Heston, John},\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tnote = {Number: 4},\n\tpages = {26--29},\n}\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n On the evening of April 2, 1983, I received an urgent call from work. A couple of large trees had fallen, due to high Santa Ana winds, and another was threatening to crash down on one of the bird facilities. When I arrived and began relocating birds that may have been in danger, I kept noticing that something just wasn't right about the scenery several yards up the hill from me where another complex of cages was located.When I investigated further, I discovered that the facility was mangled by a giant redwood tree that had uprooted. The damage was so extensive that the floor of one cage was now eye level, and the rest were wrenched beyond repair. It was only because the incident occurred at night-and fortunately a very dark one-that none of the birds escaped.Of the species of birds that had to be relocated was a pair of actively breeding southern yellow-billed hornbills (Tockus flavirostrus leucomelas). The female, after a period of 58 days, had just broken herself out on March 28 and both parents were feeding four young that remained in the nest box. Ideally, I was hoping that the parents would continue to feed the chicks, despite being relocated; but after 12 hours or so things dido' t look very prom1smg.After considering some alternatives that we could employ to raise the young ourselves, I decided to let them emerge as naturally as possible instead of, for ex- ample, removing the young immediately and raising them outside the nest box. I moved the nestbox to our main work area; set it up in a convenient location; and I constructed a wire cage around the front to contain the fledglings.Even though it had been 18 to 20 hours since they had last been fed by the parents, they were at first, still reluctant to accept food from a human hand. From within their capsule, they seem to have sensed that something had gone awry from the way nature had intended. After persistent offerings they soon came around and in a couple of hours were accepting food voraciously, as the following randomly chosen feeding records will attest. At the start of the feed session, the young squeal loudly as they snatch the food from the keeper's hand; but as the session progresses, they will usually settle down and accept the food quietly.The chicks are tidy little creatures, constantly \"cleaning house\", i.e., discarding bits of this and that through the small opening in the nestbox. I began placing a cup directly under the slit and was able to collect-what they regard as-trash. Bits of feces, small pieces of detritus, whole or pieces of dead insects, other rejected food, etc., were collected.Immediately after setting the situation up, it became apparant that one more modification would be necessary. I first realized this through the lens of my camera while attempting to photograph the arrangement. While focusing, a tuft of white feathers-the type that would be found around the vent of a bird-appeared at the nest opening. What occured next happened so fast it seemed like a blur; but when I finally realized what was happening, I thought I was a goner. Fortunately, it was just a close call. From that moment on a shield was placed to minimize the mess and to reduce the risk of some innocent passerby being struck by feces flying from seemingly out of nowhere.It wasn't until April 22nd, that there were any signs that the young were trying to break from the nest. One chick was chisling away at the entrance with the tip of its already formidable bill. This went on intermittently until the early morning hours of April 24th. Two of the young had fledged by the time I had arrived that morning. The third fledged during the afternoon of the next day and all three were transferred to another facility, and had no problems eating on their own for the first time. The remaining chick apparently decided that it wasn't ready, and resealed the nest entrance. It wasn't until 2:00 p.m. on May 5th that it decided to fledge. It was soon removed, and after a brief physical, was placed with the rest of its siblings. There were no problems with feeding or interaction when it was reunited with the others.I'm sure that most of us would agree we don't need any more problems than we already have; however this one turned out to be an interesting and rewarding experience. •\n

\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n \n 1982\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Captive Breeding and Rearing of the Red Billed Dwarf Hornbill.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Martin, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n AFA Watchbird, 9(3): 32–37. 1982.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Captive$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{martin_captive_1982,\n\ttitle = {Captive {Breeding} and {Rearing} of the {Red} {Billed} {Dwarf} {Hornbill}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\turl = {https://watchbird-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/watchbird/index.php/watchbird/article/view/2103},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {AFA Watchbird},\n\tauthor = {Martin, P.K.},\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tpages = {32--37},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n \n 1980\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The biology of the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri (Vigors) (Aves: Bucerotidae).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. & K. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 32(4): 65–100. February 1980.\n Publisher: Northern Flagship Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_biology_1980,\n\ttitle = {The biology of the {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri ({Vigors}) ({Aves}: {Bucerotidae})},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tshorttitle = {The biology of the {Southern} {Ground} {Hornbill} {Bucorvus} leadbeateri ({Vigors}) ({Aves}},\n\turl = {https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA00411752_1057},\n\tdoi = {10.10520/AJA00411752_1057},\n\tabstract = {Fourteen groups of the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri were observed over five months in the Kruger National Park in the Republic of South Africa. Aspects of their activity patterns and behaviour are recorded, and their breeding biology and activity are described. B. leadbeateri is a group-territorial species with extensive spatial requirements of about 100 sq km per group. The territorial maintenance is elaborate, as is an intragroup social organisation. Each group breeds cooperatively, with a very low productivity indicating that individuals have a high survival rate. Comparison with the Abyssinian Ground Hornbill B. abyssinicus indicates that this is a distinct species with a different biology.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Annals of the Transvaal Museum},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, A.C. \\& Kemp M.I.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1980},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Northern Flagship Institute},\n\tkeywords = {Aves, Breeding, Bucerotidae, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Southern Ground Hornbill},\n\tpages = {65--100},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Group dispersal in Hemprich's hornbill Tockus hemprichii.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hegner, R. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scopus, 4: 67–68. 1980.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Group$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{hegner_group_1980,\n\ttitle = {Group dispersal in {Hemprich}'s hornbill {Tockus} hemprichii},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/169-511-816-592-875},\n\tjournal = {Scopus},\n\tauthor = {Hegner, R. E.},\n\tyear = {1980},\n\tpages = {67--68},\n}\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The importance of the Kruger National Park For bird conservation in the Republic of South Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Koedoe, 23(1): 99–122. December 1980.\n Number: 1\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_importance_1980,\n\ttitle = {The importance of the {Kruger} {National} {Park} {For} bird conservation in the {Republic} of {South} {Africa}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 1980 A. C Kemp},\n\tissn = {2071-0771},\n\turl = {https://koedoe.co.za/index.php/koedoe/article/view/638},\n\tdoi = {10.4102/koedoe.v23i1.638},\n\tabstract = {One hundred and two species of birds that are thought to be vulnerable in South Africa have been reported from or are likely to occur within the Kruger National Park. These species are considered in relation to their distribution and status in South Africa and the neigbouring countries. The following are suggested as conservation priorities for birds in the Park:\n1. Re-establish the extinct Yellow-billed Oxpecker.\n2. Investigate the suite of large carnivorous and scavenging birds that have declined over much of their range elsewhere in South Africa.\n3. Investigate the species associated with riparian and wetland habitats in the Park.\n4. Investigate the tropical species that are confined to the Park within South Africa.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Koedoe},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, A. C.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1980},\n\tnote = {Number: 1},\n\tpages = {99--122},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An adenoma of the large intestine in a black casqued hornbill (ceratogyma atrata).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wadsworth, P.; and Jones, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Avian Pathology, 9(1): 39–43. January 1980.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/03079458008418384\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"An$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{wadsworth_adenoma_1980,\n\ttitle = {An adenoma of the large intestine in a black casqued hornbill (ceratogyma atrata)},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {0307-9457},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/03079458008418384},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/03079458008418384},\n\tabstract = {An adenoma of the large intestine is described in a captive Black Casqued Hornbill (Ceratogyma atrata).},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Avian Pathology},\n\tauthor = {Wadsworth, P.F. and Jones, D.M.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1980},\n\tpmid = {18770238},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/03079458008418384},\n\tkeywords = {Black Casqued Hornbill, Ceratogyma atrata},\n\tpages = {39--43},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n

\n \n 1979\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A REVIEW OF THE HORNBILLS: BIOLOGY AND RADIATION.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Living Bird, 17: 105–136. 1979.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_review_1979,\n\ttitle = {A {REVIEW} {OF} {THE} {HORNBILLS}: {BIOLOGY} {AND} {RADIATION}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\turl = {https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B5qf0llRHM7PalAwLUxfaVJEMU0/edit?usp=embed_facebook},\n\turldate = {2025-02-15},\n\tjournal = {Living Bird},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Alan C.},\n\tyear = {1979},\n\tpages = {105--136},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1977\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Some observations on a captive grey hornbill Tockus nasutus.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Someren, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scopus, 1: 52–53. 1977.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Some$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{someren_observations_1977,\n\ttitle = {Some observations on a captive grey hornbill {Tockus} nasutus},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/149-510-798-557-32X},\n\tjournal = {Scopus},\n\tauthor = {Someren, Cunningham-van},\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tpages = {52--53},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1976\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bucerocophorus New-Genus Of Ischnoceran Mallophaga From African Hornbills Bucerotidae.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Elbel, R. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Biological Society of Washington, 89: 313–324. 1976.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Bucerocophorus$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{elbel_bucerocophorus_1976,\n\ttitle = {Bucerocophorus {New}-{Genus} {Of} {Ischnoceran} {Mallophaga} {From} {African} {Hornbills} {Bucerotidae}},\n\tvolume = {89},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/100-769-281-115-128},\n\tjournal = {The Biological Society of Washington},\n\tauthor = {Elbel, Robert Edwin},\n\tyear = {1976},\n\tpages = {313--324},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Feeding ecology of the same species of hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Transvaal Museum Memoirs, 20(1): 12–18. February 1976.\n Publisher: The Transvaal Museum\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Feeding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_feeding_1976,\n\ttitle = {Feeding ecology of the same species of hornbills},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\turl = {https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA0000012_318},\n\tdoi = {10.10520/AJA0000012_318},\n\tabstract = {During the same period that hornbill counts were conducted along Picnic Road (Chapter 1), regular collections of hornbills were made along a firebreak about 10km to the east. The stomach\n      contents from the specimens collected form the basis of this study of the feeding ecology of nasutus, erythrorhynchus and ftavirostris. They allow a comparison of the overall diet of the three\n      species to be made, as well as a consideration of the seasonal changes in diet.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Transvaal Museum Memoirs},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, A. C.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1976},\n\tnote = {Publisher: The Transvaal Museum},\n\tkeywords = {Acridids, Caterpillars, Diet of hornbills, Fat deposits, Food to nests, Foraging behaviour, Insects, Multiple comparison method, Obtaining food, Seasonal variations, Seeds, Solifugids, Stomach contents, Tree frog, Vegetable food items, Weight contribution, harvester termites},\n\tpages = {12--18},\n}\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The evolution and systematics of Tockus hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Transvaal Museum Memoirs, 20(1): 47–53. February 1976.\n Publisher: The Transvaal Museum\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_evolution_1976,\n\ttitle = {The evolution and systematics of {Tockus} hornbills},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\turl = {https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA0000012_322},\n\tdoi = {10.10520/AJA0000012_322},\n\tabstract = {The ecology, behaviour and external morphology of Tockus hornbills reveal a clear dichotomy within the genus. The main characters of the two groups are listed. Some of the more obscure\n      behavioural characters, such as presence or absence of a contact call, roosting site and nest lining, are included as they apply to the species for which these details are known.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Transvaal Museum Memoirs},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, A. C.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1976},\n\tnote = {Publisher: The Transvaal Museum},\n\tkeywords = {Bucerotidae, Frugivorous diet, Nest inmates, Phasianidae, Phylogenetic order, Pleistocene of Africa, Population, Regurgitate food, Sexual dimorphism, Species-groups, Terrestrial-foraging line, Wing/tarsus ratio},\n\tpages = {47--53},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n \n 1974\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Antelopes and Elephants, Hornbills and Hyenas: Animals in African Art.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuchta, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n African Arts, 7(2): 70–. 1974.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Antelopes$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kuchta_antelopes_1974,\n\ttitle = {Antelopes and {Elephants}, {Hornbills} and {Hyenas}: {Animals} in {African} {Art}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/028-819-249-290-376},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/3334728},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {African Arts},\n\tauthor = {Kuchta, Ronald A.},\n\tyear = {1974},\n\tpages = {70--},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1973\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Antelopes and Elephants Hornbills and Hyenas. Animals in African Art: Fair Soft cover \\textbar Vasco & Co / Emilia da Paz.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuchta, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 1973.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Antelopes$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{kuchta_antelopes_1973,\n\ttitle = {Antelopes and {Elephants} {Hornbills} and {Hyenas}. {Animals} in {African} {Art}: {Fair} {Soft} cover {\\textbar} {Vasco} \\& {Co} / {Emilia} da {Paz}},\n\tshorttitle = {Antelopes and {Elephants} {Hornbills} and {Hyenas}. {Animals} in {African} {Art}},\n\turl = {https://www.abebooks.com/Antelopes-Elephants-Hornbills-Hyenas-Animals-African/17497559929/bd},\n\tabstract = {Soft cover - Condition: Fair - Antelopes and Elephants Hornbills and Hyenas, 1973 , 48 pp Animals in African Art An exhibition organized by Ronald A. Kuchta Published by The Santa Barbara Museum of Art Lots of Pictures with artifacts in bw - Antelopes and Elephants Hornbills and Hyenas. Animals in African Art},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-02-04},\n\tauthor = {Kuchta, Ronald A.},\n\tyear = {1973},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Environmental factors affecting the onset of breeding in some southern African hornbills, Tockus spp.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement, 19: 319–331. 1973.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Environmental$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_environmental_1973,\n\ttitle = {Environmental factors affecting the onset of breeding in some southern {African} hornbills, {Tockus} spp.},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/075-715-966-121-688},\n\tjournal = {Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, Alan C.},\n\tyear = {1973},\n\tpages = {319--331},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n \n 1972\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A study of the biology of Monteiro's Hornbill.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, C; and & Kemp M.I., A\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 27(13): 255–268. March 1972.\n Publisher: Northern Flagship Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_study_1972,\n\ttitle = {A study of the biology of {Monteiro}'s {Hornbill}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\turl = {https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA00411752_264},\n\tdoi = {10.10520/AJA00411752_264},\n\tabstract = {A detailed ecological study of three species of hornbill of the genus Tockus in the bushvdd of the Kruger National Park pointed to the need for a consideration of an arid region hornbill. After the first author made a reconnaissance of Valencia Ranch, South West Africa, for four days in July 1969, Tockus monteiri (Hartlaub) was chosen. Accordingly both authors returned on 9 February 1970 to spend three and a half months observing the hornbills. Observations on the behaviour of T. monteiri are in preparation. The present paper deals with the biology, especially the breeding biology, of this hornbill.},\n\tnumber = {13},\n\turldate = {2024-10-03},\n\tjournal = {Annals of the Transvaal Museum},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, C, \\& Kemp M.I., A},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1972},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Northern Flagship Institute},\n\tkeywords = {Arid region, Breeding biology, Monteiro's Hornbill, Tockus monteiri},\n\tpages = {255--268},\n}\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1970\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nesting Behaviour of the Black-Casqued Hornbill Ceratogymna atrata (Temm.) and the Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis L.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Poulsen, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ornis Scandinavica (Scandinavian Journal of Ornithology), 1(1): 11–15. 1970.\n Publisher: [Nordic Society Oikos, Wiley]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Nesting$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{poulsen_nesting_1970,\n\ttitle = {Nesting {Behaviour} of the {Black}-{Casqued} {Hornbill} {Ceratogymna} atrata ({Temm}.) and the {Great} {Hornbill} {Buceros} bicornis {L}.},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {0030-5693},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3676330},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/3676330},\n\tabstract = {A pair of Black-casqued Hornbills and a pair of Great Hornbills in captivity closed their nest-hole in the same way, both mates plastering up the hole, so that only a slit was left. The female worked from the inside, and the male from the outside. The female did most of the work. The material was brought to her by the male. When building, the birds kept the material in the tip of their bill, and made rapid sideways vibrating movements of their bills.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Ornis Scandinavica (Scandinavian Journal of Ornithology)},\n\tauthor = {Poulsen, Holger},\n\tyear = {1970},\n\tnote = {Publisher: [Nordic Society Oikos, Wiley]},\n\tpages = {11--15},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1969\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Some Observations on the Sealed-in Nesting Method of Hornbills (family: Bucerotidae).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kemp, A. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 40(sup1): 149–155. January 1969.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1969.9639117\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Some$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{kemp_observations_1969,\n\ttitle = {Some {Observations} on the {Sealed}-in {Nesting} {Method} of {Hornbills} (family: {Bucerotidae})},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\tshorttitle = {Some {Observations} on the {Sealed}-in {Nesting} {Method} of {Hornbills} (family},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1969.9639117},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00306525.1969.9639117},\n\tnumber = {sup1},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Kemp, A. C.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1969},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1969.9639117},\n\tpages = {149--155},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Role Played by Birds in the Lives of Southern Nguni Tribesmen.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Quickelberge, C. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 40(sup1): 487–495. January 1969.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1969.9639144\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{quickelberge_role_1969,\n\ttitle = {The {Role} {Played} by {Birds} in the {Lives} of {Southern} {Nguni} {Tribesmen}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1969.9639144},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00306525.1969.9639144},\n\tnumber = {sup1},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Quickelberge, Clive D.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1969},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1969.9639144},\n\tpages = {487--495},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1967\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Amblyceran Mallophaga (biting lice) found on the Bucerotidae (hornbills).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Elbel, R. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 1967.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Amblyceran$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{elbel_amblyceran_1967,\n\ttitle = {Amblyceran {Mallophaga} (biting lice) found on the {Bucerotidae} (hornbills)},\n\turl = {https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/16936/USNMP-120_3558_1967.pdf},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the United States National Museum},\n\tauthor = {Elbel, Robert E.},\n\tyear = {1967},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Helminthes parasites d’animaux sauvages au Sénégal - Histiocephalus bucorvi n. sp. (Hedruridae, Nematoda), parasite du ventricule succenturié de Bucorvus abyssinicus (Boddaert) (Grand Calao d’Abyssinie).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gretillat, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 42(5): 533–542. 1967.\n Number: 5 Publisher: EDP Sciences\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Helminthes$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{gretillat_helminthes_1967,\n\ttitle = {Helminthes parasites d’animaux sauvages au {Sénégal} - {Histiocephalus} bucorvi n. sp. ({Hedruridae}, {Nematoda}), parasite du ventricule succenturié de {Bucorvus} abyssinicus ({Boddaert}) ({Grand} {Calao} d’{Abyssinie})},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tcopyright = {© Masson, Paris 1967, transferred to Société Française de Parasitologie},\n\tissn = {0003-4150, 2772-4042},\n\turl = {https://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/abs/1967/05/parasite1967425p533/parasite1967425p533.html},\n\tdoi = {10.1051/parasite/1967425533},\n\tabstract = {Parasite international open-access, peer-reviewed, online journal publishing high quality papers on all aspects of human and animal parasitology},\n\tlanguage = {fr},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-08-20},\n\tjournal = {Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée},\n\tauthor = {Gretillat, Simon},\n\tyear = {1967},\n\tnote = {Number: 5\nPublisher: EDP Sciences},\n\tpages = {533--542},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1964\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Some helminths recovered from red- and yellow-billed hornbills from the Kruger National Park.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ortlepp, R. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res, 31(1): 29– 52. 1964.\n Accepted: 2016-09-26T09:45:34Z Publisher: Pretoria : The Government Printer\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Some$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{ortlepp_helminths_1964,\n\ttitle = {Some helminths recovered from red- and yellow-billed hornbills from the {Kruger} {National} {Park}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tcopyright = {©1964 ARC-Onderstepoort and Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria (original).  ©2016 University of Pretoria. Department of Library Services (digital).},\n\tissn = {0330-2465},\n\turl = {https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/57016},\n\tabstract = {Helminth parasites from two species of hornbills (Bucerotidae) are described. These helminths are: a young trematode of the genus Eumegacetes, which is not specifically identified; a new species of cestode - Raillietina (Fuhrmanetta) lophoceri; two new species of proventriculus nematodes- Tropisurus prozeskyi and Microtetrameres bucerotidi and a gizzard nematode - Hadjelia inermis (Gedoelst). All these helminths are described and figured.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-21},\n\tjournal = {Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res},\n\tauthor = {Ortlepp, R. J.},\n\tyear = {1964},\n\tnote = {Accepted: 2016-09-26T09:45:34Z\nPublisher: Pretoria : The Government Printer},\n\tpages = {29-- 52},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The amblyceran Mallophaga (Biting lice) found on the Bucerotidae (Hornbills).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Elbel, R. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The University of Oklahoma, 1964.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@book{elbel_amblyceran_1964,\n\ttitle = {The amblyceran {Mallophaga} ({Biting} lice) found on the {Bucerotidae} ({Hornbills})},\n\turl = {https://search.proquest.com/openview/f590497ad718ec6059bf0af8933c4f06/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tpublisher = {The University of Oklahoma},\n\tauthor = {Elbel, Robert Edwin},\n\tyear = {1964},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1962\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n PROSTHESIS OF THE LOWER BILL OF AN AFRICAN GROUND HORNBILL (Bucorvus abyssinicus).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peters, J. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Zoo Yearbook, 3(1): 112–113. 1962.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03426.x\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"PROSTHESIS$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{peters_prosthesis_1962,\n\ttitle = {{PROSTHESIS} {OF} {THE} {LOWER} {BILL} {OF} {AN} {AFRICAN} {GROUND} {HORNBILL} ({Bucorvus} abyssinicus)},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {1748-1090},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03426.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03426.x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-10-03},\n\tjournal = {International Zoo Yearbook},\n\tauthor = {Peters, J. C.},\n\tyear = {1962},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03426.x},\n\tpages = {112--113},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1961\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n \n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n PROSTHESIS OF THE LOWER BILL OF AN AFRICAN GROUND HORNBILL (Bucorvus abyssinicus).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peters, J. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Zoo Yearbook, 3(1): 112–113. 1961.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"PROSTHESIS$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{peters_prosthesis_1961,\n\ttitle = {{PROSTHESIS} {OF} {THE} {LOWER} {BILL} {OF} {AN} {AFRICAN} {GROUND} {HORNBILL} ({Bucorvus} abyssinicus)},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/147-606-901-828-954},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1748-1090.1961.tb02848.x},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {International Zoo Yearbook},\n\tauthor = {Peters, J. C.},\n\tyear = {1961},\n\tpages = {112--113},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1945\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Field Naturalist's Peregrinations: Bird Notes from a Northern Sector of Southern Rhodesia. Part II.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hamling, H. H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 16(3): 158–169. November 1945.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1943.9632956\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{hamling_field_1945,\n\ttitle = {A {Field} {Naturalist}'s {Peregrinations}: {Bird} {Notes} from a {Northern} {Sector} of {Southern} {Rhodesia}. {Part} {II}.},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {0030-6525},\n\tshorttitle = {4. a {Field} {Naturalist}'s {Peregrinations}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1943.9632956},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00306525.1943.9632956},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-09-28},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Hamling, H. H.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {1945},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1943.9632956},\n\tpages = {158--169},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1942\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The ground hornbill: (Bucorvus cefer.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Courtnay-Latimer, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ostrich, 13: 121–136. 1942.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{courtnay-latimer_ground_1942,\n\ttitle = {The ground hornbill: ({Bucorvus} cefer},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00306525.1942.9634667},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Ostrich},\n\tauthor = {Courtnay-Latimer, M.},\n\tyear = {1942},\n\tpages = {121--136},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1941\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breeding Biology of Silvery-Cheeked Hornbill.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moreau, R. E.; and Moreau, W. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Auk, 58(1): 13–27. January 1941.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breeding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{moreau_breeding_1941,\n\ttitle = {Breeding {Biology} of {Silvery}-{Cheeked} {Hornbill}},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {1938-4254},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2307/4078893},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/4078893},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-19},\n\tjournal = {The Auk},\n\tauthor = {Moreau, R. E. and Moreau, Winifred M.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1941},\n\tpages = {13--27},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1937\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Comparative Breeding Biology of the African Hornbills (Bucerotidæ).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moreau, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, A107(3): 331–346. 1937.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1937.tb00815.x\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{moreau_comparative_1937,\n\ttitle = {The {Comparative} {Breeding} {Biology} of the {African} {Hornbills} ({Bucerotidæ})},\n\tvolume = {A107},\n\tissn = {1469-7998},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1937.tb00815.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1096-3642.1937.tb00815.x},\n\tabstract = {COMPARATIVE SUMMARY. Some particulars, for the most part fragmentary, have been recorded on the nesting of sixteen out of the twenty-six African species of hornbills. The scanty data for Bucorvus cafer make it practically certain that the Ground Hornbills fail to exhibit any of the peculiarities in breeding biology that distinguish the Bucerotidæ as a family from all other birds, including the analogous Toucans. The features common to all the other African species we know anything about may be summarized as follows:— They choose holes with narrow entrances which they constrict with plaster so as to leave a vertical slit barely the width of their own bills. They build mainly with earth when the entrance is comparatively wide, with food-remains and fibrous matter when it is small. Dung has probably been reported too often as a constituent of their plaster; it cannot be identified without chemical analysis. As a rule no lining is brought for the nest. The males in no way coerce the females, who will themselves in and remain inactive from two to four months continuously, moulting meanwhile. During this period their mates are solely responsible for the food-supply of the family. Irregularity in egg-laying is general. A first egg may not be laid for nearly a fortnight after a female's entrance, and a second may follow five days after the first. This is reflected in unevenness in size within a brood and in their irregular emergence. The primary provision for the sanitation of the nest is that the occupants defecate forcibly towards the entrance. Within this general framework of habit the African species of hornbills show much variation in detail:— (a) The plastering may be perfunctory in some of the West African hornbills, but it is most careful in Lophoceros spp. and in some Bycanistes spp. In Ceratogymna the male brings the material and both he and his mate fix it. In Bycanistes there is division of labour between the male, who brings the whole of the material, and the female, who does all the actual building. In B. cristatus the plastering of a hole can occupy a pair for months, the progress of the work depending on the male and probably on his salivation. In Lophoceros spp., on the other hand, the plastering process takes only a few days, or no more than a few hours, and the male's part in it is relatively unimportant. (b) Bycanistes females do not come out until their offspring are ready to fly. A B. cristatus was in her hole for 108 days, the egg probably hatching about the fiftieth day. In Lophocoros the females remain inside for 50–70 days and emerge 14–28 days before their young, the incubation period of which averages 30 days and their fledging period 45. (c) In Bycanistes the male is responsible for the entire food-supply of the family until they all fly. In Lophoceros the female helps to feed the young as soon as she emerges. The fact that the Lophoceros bring the food to the nest in single morsels, not in batches like Bycanistes, and, moreover, have much bigger families to cater for, would probably make it impossible for the Lophoceros male to bring up his family without the relief afforded to him by the early emergence of his mate. (d) The fledglings of Lophoceros, only 25 days out of the egg when the mother leaves them, at once elaborate plaster, re-seal the hole, and take over the sanitation of the nest. There is no evidence of precocity in Bycanistes fledglings. (e) Sanitation appears to receive more attention from Lophocsros spp. than from Bycanistes and Ceratogymna, in the nests of which the insect fauna should be examined for scavengers. (f) In the genus Bycanistes some species moult so suddenly as to lose the power of flight, and some do not. In Lophoceros spp. and Tropicranus the females drop all their wing and tail-feathers very rapidly, in Lophoceros by about the time their clutch is complete. They are probably flightless for at least six weeks, because their new feathers have made but little progress by the time their young hatch. There may be specific variation in the extent to which the contour feathers participate in the sudden moult. This habit of sudden moult raises several problems. It cannot be explained teleologically, and may be a physiological consequence of the brooding bird's reduced ration of light.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London},\n\tauthor = {Moreau, E.},\n\tyear = {1937},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1937.tb00815.x},\n\tpages = {331--346},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n COMPARATIVE SUMMARY. Some particulars, for the most part fragmentary, have been recorded on the nesting of sixteen out of the twenty-six African species of hornbills. The scanty data for Bucorvus cafer make it practically certain that the Ground Hornbills fail to exhibit any of the peculiarities in breeding biology that distinguish the Bucerotidæ as a family from all other birds, including the analogous Toucans. The features common to all the other African species we know anything about may be summarized as follows:— They choose holes with narrow entrances which they constrict with plaster so as to leave a vertical slit barely the width of their own bills. They build mainly with earth when the entrance is comparatively wide, with food-remains and fibrous matter when it is small. Dung has probably been reported too often as a constituent of their plaster; it cannot be identified without chemical analysis. As a rule no lining is brought for the nest. The males in no way coerce the females, who will themselves in and remain inactive from two to four months continuously, moulting meanwhile. During this period their mates are solely responsible for the food-supply of the family. Irregularity in egg-laying is general. A first egg may not be laid for nearly a fortnight after a female's entrance, and a second may follow five days after the first. This is reflected in unevenness in size within a brood and in their irregular emergence. The primary provision for the sanitation of the nest is that the occupants defecate forcibly towards the entrance. Within this general framework of habit the African species of hornbills show much variation in detail:— (a) The plastering may be perfunctory in some of the West African hornbills, but it is most careful in Lophoceros spp. and in some Bycanistes spp. In Ceratogymna the male brings the material and both he and his mate fix it. In Bycanistes there is division of labour between the male, who brings the whole of the material, and the female, who does all the actual building. In B. cristatus the plastering of a hole can occupy a pair for months, the progress of the work depending on the male and probably on his salivation. In Lophoceros spp., on the other hand, the plastering process takes only a few days, or no more than a few hours, and the male's part in it is relatively unimportant. (b) Bycanistes females do not come out until their offspring are ready to fly. A B. cristatus was in her hole for 108 days, the egg probably hatching about the fiftieth day. In Lophocoros the females remain inside for 50–70 days and emerge 14–28 days before their young, the incubation period of which averages 30 days and their fledging period 45. (c) In Bycanistes the male is responsible for the entire food-supply of the family until they all fly. In Lophoceros the female helps to feed the young as soon as she emerges. The fact that the Lophoceros bring the food to the nest in single morsels, not in batches like Bycanistes, and, moreover, have much bigger families to cater for, would probably make it impossible for the Lophoceros male to bring up his family without the relief afforded to him by the early emergence of his mate. (d) The fledglings of Lophoceros, only 25 days out of the egg when the mother leaves them, at once elaborate plaster, re-seal the hole, and take over the sanitation of the nest. There is no evidence of precocity in Bycanistes fledglings. (e) Sanitation appears to receive more attention from Lophocsros spp. than from Bycanistes and Ceratogymna, in the nests of which the insect fauna should be examined for scavengers. (f) In the genus Bycanistes some species moult so suddenly as to lose the power of flight, and some do not. In Lophoceros spp. and Tropicranus the females drop all their wing and tail-feathers very rapidly, in Lophoceros by about the time their clutch is complete. They are probably flightless for at least six weeks, because their new feathers have made but little progress by the time their young hatch. There may be specific variation in the extent to which the contour feathers participate in the sudden moult. This habit of sudden moult raises several problems. It cannot be explained teleologically, and may be a physiological consequence of the brooding bird's reduced ration of light.\n

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\n \n 1934\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breeding Habits of Hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moreau, R. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature, 134(3397): 899–899. December 1934.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Breeding$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{moreau_breeding_1934,\n\ttitle = {Breeding {Habits} of {Hornbills}},\n\tvolume = {134},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/013-681-592-239-670},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/134899a0},\n\tnumber = {3397},\n\tjournal = {Nature},\n\tauthor = {Moreau, R. E.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1934},\n\tpages = {899--899},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1891\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n On some new Francolins and a new Hornbill discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ogilvie-Grant, W. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ibis, 33(1): 123–127. 1891.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"On$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{ogilvie-grant_new_1891,\n\ttitle = {On some new {Francolins} and a new {Hornbill} discovered by {Mr}. {F}. {J}. {Jackson} in {Eastern} {Africa}.},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/084-195-858-035-731},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1474-919x.1891.tb08606.x},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Ibis},\n\tauthor = {Ogilvie-Grant, W. R.},\n\tyear = {1891},\n\tpages = {123--127},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1882\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A monograph of the Bucerotidæ, or family of the hornbills.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Elliot, D. G.; and Elliot, D. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Published for the subscribers by the author [printed by Taylor and Francis], [London], 1882.\n Pages: 1-314\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@book{elliot_monograph_1882,\n\taddress = {[London]},\n\ttitle = {A monograph of the {Bucerotidæ}, or family of the hornbills},\n\turl = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118638},\n\tpublisher = {Published for the subscribers by the author [printed by Taylor and Francis]},\n\tauthor = {Elliot, Daniel Giraud and Elliot, Daniel Giraud},\n\tyear = {1882},\n\tdoi = {10.5962/bhl.title.57640},\n\tnote = {Pages: 1-314},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1879\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Description of the Vessels of the Neck and Read in the Ground-Hornbill (Bucorvus abyssinicus).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ottley, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 47(1): 461–467. 1879.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02681.x\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{ottley_description_1879,\n\ttitle = {A {Description} of the {Vessels} of the {Neck} and {Read} in the {Ground}-{Hornbill} ({Bucorvus} abyssinicus)},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {1469-7998},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02681.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02681.x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London},\n\tauthor = {Ottley, W.},\n\tyear = {1879},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02681.x},\n\tpages = {461--467},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 1870\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Recent Accessions to the Zoological Society's Gardens.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sclater, P. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature, 2(27): 9–12. 1870.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Recent$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{sclater_recent_1870,\n\ttitle = {Recent {Accessions} to the {Zoological} {Society}'s {Gardens}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\turl = {https://lens.org/056-624-150-340-148},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/002009a0},\n\tnumber = {27},\n\tjournal = {Nature},\n\tauthor = {Sclater, P. L.},\n\tyear = {1870},\n\tpages = {9--12},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n undefined\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ambassador Animals and the Population Sustainability Initiative Within the Association of Zoos and Aquariums - ProQuest.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ambassador$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{noauthor_ambassador_nodate,\n\ttitle = {Ambassador {Animals} and the {Population} {Sustainability} {Initiative} {Within} the {Association} of {Zoos} and {Aquariums} - {ProQuest}},\n\turl = {https://www.proquest.com/openview/aaba9364e37f4a710cfcb23fe4ee7a49/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y},\n\tabstract = {Explore millions of resources from scholarly journals, books, newspapers, videos and more, on the ProQuest Platform.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-03-07},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Society for Conservation Biology.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@misc{noauthor_society_nodate,\n\ttitle = {The {Society} for {Conservation} {Biology}},\n\turl = {https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01003.x},\n\turldate = {2025-02-15},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Integrating fine-scale behaviour and microclimate data into biophysical models highlights the risk of lethal hyperthermia and dehydration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Conradie, S. R.; Wolf, B. O.; Cunningham, S. J.; Bourne, A.; van de Ven, T.; Ridley, A. R.; and McKechnie, A. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ecography, n/a(n/a): e07432. .\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ecog.07432\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Integrating$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{conradie_integrating_nodate,\n\ttitle = {Integrating fine-scale behaviour and microclimate data into biophysical models highlights the risk of lethal hyperthermia and dehydration},\n\tvolume = {n/a},\n\tissn = {1600-0587},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ecog.07432},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/ecog.07432},\n\tabstract = {Climate change threatens biodiversity by compromising the ability to balance energy and water, influencing animal behaviour, species interactions, distribution and ultimately survival. Predicting climate change effects on thermal physiology is complicated by interspecific variation in thermal tolerance limits, thermoregulatory behaviour and heterogenous thermal landscapes. We develop an approach for assessing thermal vulnerability for endotherms by incorporating behaviour and microsite data into a biophysical model. We parameterised the model using species-specific functional traits and published behavioural data on hotter (maximum daily temperature, Tmax {\\textgreater} 35°C) and cooler days (Tmax {\\textless} 35°C). Incorporating continuous time-activity focal observations of behaviour into the biophysical approach reveals that the three insectivorous birds modelled here are at greater risk of lethal hyperthermia than dehydration under climate change, contrary to previous thermal risk assessments. Southern yellow-billed hornbills Tockus leucomelas, southern pied babblers Turdoides bicolor and southern fiscals Lanius collaris are predicted to experience a risk of lethal hyperthermia on 24, 65 and 40 more days year−1, respectively, in 2100 relative to current conditions. Maintaining water balance may also become increasingly challenging. Babblers are predicted to experience a 57\\% increase (to 186 days year−1) in exposure to conditions associated with net negative 24 h water balance in the absence of drinking, with 86 of those days associated with a risk of lethal dehydration. Hornbills and fiscals are predicted to experience 84 and 100 days year−1, respectively, associated with net negative 24 h water balance, with ≤ 20 of those days associated with a risk of lethal dehydration. Integrating continuous time-activity focal data is vital to understand and predict thermal challenges animals likely experience. We provide a comprehensive thermal risk assessment and emphasise the importance of thermoregulatory and drinking behaviour for endotherm persistence in coming decades.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {n/a},\n\turldate = {2025-02-07},\n\tjournal = {Ecography},\n\tauthor = {Conradie, Shannon R. and Wolf, Blair O. and Cunningham, Susan J. and Bourne, Amanda and van de Ven, Tanja and Ridley, Amanda R. and McKechnie, Andrew E.},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ecog.07432},\n\tkeywords = {NicheMapR, behaviour, ecophysiology, hyperthermia, thermal physiology},\n\tpages = {e07432},\n}\n\n\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n Climate change threatens biodiversity by compromising the ability to balance energy and water, influencing animal behaviour, species interactions, distribution and ultimately survival. Predicting climate change effects on thermal physiology is complicated by interspecific variation in thermal tolerance limits, thermoregulatory behaviour and heterogenous thermal landscapes. We develop an approach for assessing thermal vulnerability for endotherms by incorporating behaviour and microsite data into a biophysical model. We parameterised the model using species-specific functional traits and published behavioural data on hotter (maximum daily temperature, Tmax \\textgreater 35°C) and cooler days (Tmax \\textless 35°C). Incorporating continuous time-activity focal observations of behaviour into the biophysical approach reveals that the three insectivorous birds modelled here are at greater risk of lethal hyperthermia than dehydration under climate change, contrary to previous thermal risk assessments. Southern yellow-billed hornbills Tockus leucomelas, southern pied babblers Turdoides bicolor and southern fiscals Lanius collaris are predicted to experience a risk of lethal hyperthermia on 24, 65 and 40 more days year−1, respectively, in 2100 relative to current conditions. Maintaining water balance may also become increasingly challenging. Babblers are predicted to experience a 57% increase (to 186 days year−1) in exposure to conditions associated with net negative 24 h water balance in the absence of drinking, with 86 of those days associated with a risk of lethal dehydration. Hornbills and fiscals are predicted to experience 84 and 100 days year−1, respectively, associated with net negative 24 h water balance, with ≤ 20 of those days associated with a risk of lethal dehydration. Integrating continuous time-activity focal data is vital to understand and predict thermal challenges animals likely experience. We provide a comprehensive thermal risk assessment and emphasise the importance of thermoregulatory and drinking behaviour for endotherm persistence in coming decades.\n

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