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\n \n 2026\n \n \n (11)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Popliteal Artery Aneurysm Thrombosis Diagnosed with Point-of-Care Ultrasound.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gonedes, A.; Kohen, B.; Diallo, A.; McKenna, M.; Farrow, R.; and Boccio, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 10(3): 419–420. August 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{gonedesPoplitealArteryAneurysm2026,\n\ttitle = {Popliteal {Artery} {Aneurysm} {Thrombosis} {Diagnosed} with {Point}-of-{Care} {Ultrasound}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {2474-252X},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/cpcem.52832},\n\tabstract = {CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a three-day history of right knee, calf, and foot pain following a bout of prolonged crouching while gardening. The physical examination revealed a cold and pale foot with absent pulses. A point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed at bedside revealed a thrombosed popliteal artery aneurysm. A heparin infusion was initiated, and vascular surgery was consulted. Subsequent imaging confirmed the diagnosis of a thrombosed popliteal artery aneurysm with thrombus extension into the superficial femoral artery. The patient underwent a femoropopliteal bypass, resulting in successful revascularization of the limb.\nDISCUSSION: While POCUS is a well-established imaging modality for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, its utility in diagnosing acute peripheral arterial pathologies is less well-known. This case demonstrates how prompt bedside POCUS evaluation can circumvent potential delays associated with traditional imaging such as computed tomography angiography, allowing for expedited surgical consultation and timely therapeutic and procedural intervention. This case highlights the potential role of POCUS in the rapid diagnosis of acute limb ischemia from arterial thrombosis in the acute care setting.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Gonedes, Andrew and Kohen, Brian and Diallo, Alfa and McKenna, Mark and Farrow, Robert and Boccio, Eric},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tpages = {419--420},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound-Guided Arthrocentesis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Puebla, D. L.; and Farrow, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ultrasound-Guided$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@incollection{pueblaUltrasoundGuidedArthrocentesis2026,\n\taddress = {Treasure Island (FL)},\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound-{Guided} {Arthrocentesis}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2026, StatPearls Publishing LLC.},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573084/},\n\tabstract = {Ultrasound (US) guided arthrocentesis has become an increasingly valuable tool in the emergency department (ED) for evaluating acute monoarticular arthopathies, particularly septic arthritis, which occurs at an annual rate of 10 per 100,000 patients in the United States. In the ED, septic arthritis is the most critical of arthropathies to confirm and treat. While lab values and vitals may support clinical suspicion, synovial fluid analysis via arthrocentesis remains the diagnostic gold standard. If findings suggest septic arthritis, intravenous antibiotics should be initiated promptly, and orthopedic surgery should be consulted. Arthrocentesis is a common ED procedure with both diagnostic and therapeutic utility. Traditionally performed using anatomical landmarks, this blind approach has variable success rates (61\\%-78\\%) depending on the joint anatomy and effusion characteristics. US enhances the accuracy of arthrocentesis by providing direct visualization of the effusion, allowing for precise needle placement using in-plane or out-of-plane techniques and reducing the number of attempts. US guidance also enables detection of small effusions, as little as 4 mL, that may be missed using landmark-based techniques. Study results show that this procedure improves aspirated volume, reduces patient-reported pain, and accelerates the diagnosis and management of septic arthritis. US-guided arthrocentesis offers several advantages that are particularly relevant in the pediatric population. Children have smaller joints, smaller effusion volumes, and may have difficulty tolerating procedural discomfort. US has demonstrated a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 80\\% and 90\\% for effusion detection, though further studies are needed to define its accuracy across all pediatric joints. Notably, its use in assessing the pediatric hip has shown significant promise, and case reports support the safety and feasibility of US-guided arthrocentesis in pediatric hips and knees.  Although most evidence currently pertains to the adult population, US-guided arthrocentesis can be applied to most major joints of the upper and lower extremities. Variation in technique, such as in-plane versus out-of-plane needle guidance, exists across the literature, and different approaches may be used depending on operator preference and clinical context. These same US techniques may also be adapted for intra-articular joint injections.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2026-08-27},\n\tbooktitle = {{StatPearls}},\n\tpublisher = {StatPearls Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Puebla, Daniel L. and Farrow, Robert A.},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tpmid = {34424657},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n Ultrasound (US) guided arthrocentesis has become an increasingly valuable tool in the emergency department (ED) for evaluating acute monoarticular arthopathies, particularly septic arthritis, which occurs at an annual rate of 10 per 100,000 patients in the United States. In the ED, septic arthritis is the most critical of arthropathies to confirm and treat. While lab values and vitals may support clinical suspicion, synovial fluid analysis via arthrocentesis remains the diagnostic gold standard. If findings suggest septic arthritis, intravenous antibiotics should be initiated promptly, and orthopedic surgery should be consulted. Arthrocentesis is a common ED procedure with both diagnostic and therapeutic utility. Traditionally performed using anatomical landmarks, this blind approach has variable success rates (61%-78%) depending on the joint anatomy and effusion characteristics. US enhances the accuracy of arthrocentesis by providing direct visualization of the effusion, allowing for precise needle placement using in-plane or out-of-plane techniques and reducing the number of attempts. US guidance also enables detection of small effusions, as little as 4 mL, that may be missed using landmark-based techniques. Study results show that this procedure improves aspirated volume, reduces patient-reported pain, and accelerates the diagnosis and management of septic arthritis. US-guided arthrocentesis offers several advantages that are particularly relevant in the pediatric population. Children have smaller joints, smaller effusion volumes, and may have difficulty tolerating procedural discomfort. US has demonstrated a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 90% for effusion detection, though further studies are needed to define its accuracy across all pediatric joints. Notably, its use in assessing the pediatric hip has shown significant promise, and case reports support the safety and feasibility of US-guided arthrocentesis in pediatric hips and knees. Although most evidence currently pertains to the adult population, US-guided arthrocentesis can be applied to most major joints of the upper and lower extremities. Variation in technique, such as in-plane versus out-of-plane needle guidance, exists across the literature, and different approaches may be used depending on operator preference and clinical context. These same US techniques may also be adapted for intra-articular joint injections.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Syncope and Related Paroxysmal Spells.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mechanic, O. J.; Casale, S.; and Grossman, S. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Syncope$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@incollection{mechanicSyncopeRelatedParoxysmal2026,\n\taddress = {Treasure Island (FL)},\n\ttitle = {Syncope and {Related} {Paroxysmal} {Spells}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2026, StatPearls Publishing LLC.},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459292/},\n\tabstract = {Syncope and paroxysmal spells are non-epileptic, transient events that can mimic seizures but are not associated with the hypersynchronous, rhythmic discharges of cortical neurons that define epileptic seizures. Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness attributed to global cerebral hypoperfusion related to systemic vasodilation or decreased cardiac output. It is typically followed by rapid and complete recovery without a postictal period. Paroxysmal spells encompass a broader category of brief, transient events characterized by changes in consciousness and behavior. They may or may not be associated with a prodrome and full loss of consciousness. Paroxysmal spells can be caused by psychological disorders such as substance abuse and psychiatric disease or physiological events such as hypoglycemia, traumatic brain injury, and syncope. Importantly, both syncope and paroxysmal spells are clinically different from epileptic seizures and involve separate underlying pathophysiologies. Critically, sycope and seizure are not associated with the epileptiform cortical discharges on EEG that are characteristic of epileptic seizures. Syncope As most paroxysmal events are syncopal, the remainder of this discussion will focus primarily on syncope. Physiologically, syncope is a transient loss of consciousness as a result of cerebral hypoperfusion. As such, syncope varies from other etiologies of loss of consciousness in that it does not include head trauma or a post-ictal state. Syncope, instead, results in the complete and rapid resolution of mental status. It may have myoclonic jerking, but no persistent generalized tonic-clonic movement. Rather than a disease, syncope is a symptom of an underlying pathology ranging from benign to life-threatening. Patients are often divided into "low-risk" and "high-risk" groups. Features of high-risk syncope include syncope associated with exertion, chest pain or palpitations, evidence of cardiac arrhythmia or structural defects, and new or previously unknown EKG abnormalities. The etiology, epidemiology, evaluation, treatment, and management of these patients vary greatly. In the United States, hospitalization costs for syncope are estimated to be \\$5300 per admission and more than \\$2 billion annually, outpacing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma combined. As extensive workups can be costly, time-consuming, and often unnecessary, a growing cadre of management tools has been created to aid in the evaluation of patients with syncope. These tools are designed to categorize patients into risk categories and identify and treat patients with dangerous or high-risk syncope. Psychological Conditions Data suggest that men with psychiatric disease may have an increased incidence of syncope or paroxysmal events of unknown etiology. This data should lead clinicians to consider screening for psychiatric disorders in patients presenting with transient loss of consciousness when a clear etiology is not identified after a thorough medical workup. Among patients with a history of substance use disorder, 45\\% have been found to have unexplained syncope. This suggests that prior and current substance use is also associated with increased incidence of transient loss of consciousness of unknown etiology. Patients evaluated in the emergency department or even hospitalized with syncope of unknown etiology may benefit from toxicology screening and possible detoxification referral. Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia can cause a transient loss of consciousness, but generally is not regarded as a cause of syncope because, rather than recovering spontaneously, it requires glucose for recovery. Hypoglycemia is defined as low blood sugar levels accompanied by associated symptoms. In patients without diabetes mellitus, this is usually manifested at glucose levels below 50 mg/dl. In patients with diabetes or chronically elevated blood glucose levels, symptoms may manifest at other levels; specifically, people with chronically elevated blood glucose levels may experience hypoglycemic symptoms at blood glucose levels typically defined as normal. To diagnose hypoglycemia, symptoms and blood sugar levels must improve with the administration of exogenous glucose. Hypoglycemia can affect the central nervous system, leading to lightheadedness, nausea, flashes of light, focal neurological deficits, transient loss of consciousness, and seizure. It is, therefore, paramount that patients with any paroxysmal spell or loss of consciousness receive a fingerstick glucose test. Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury is an intracranial impairment, often due to external forces. These forces may include blunt or penetrating trauma to the head, causing acceleration/deceleration injury to the cerebral cortex. Intracerebral bleeding, lacerations, and diffuse axonal injuries may result. Injuries, such as an epidural hematoma, may cause a brief state of loss of consciousness, with rapid return of, usually altered consciousness. Other injuries, such as a large subdural hematoma or diffuse axonal injury, may cause worsening mentation and coma over hours to days. This is a result of increased intracranial pressure, leading to decreased cerebral perfusion pressure and finally, neuronal ischemia. Diagnosis is by clinical history and CT imaging, although MRI may be more specific for secondary trauma. Management is to reduce intracranial pressure and edema. Most patients with transient loss of consciousness do not need head imaging. The primary exception is those with traumatic brain injury.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2026-08-27},\n\tbooktitle = {{StatPearls}},\n\tpublisher = {StatPearls Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Mechanic, Oren J. and Casale, Sadie and Grossman, Shamai A.},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tpmid = {29083598},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n Syncope and paroxysmal spells are non-epileptic, transient events that can mimic seizures but are not associated with the hypersynchronous, rhythmic discharges of cortical neurons that define epileptic seizures. Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness attributed to global cerebral hypoperfusion related to systemic vasodilation or decreased cardiac output. It is typically followed by rapid and complete recovery without a postictal period. Paroxysmal spells encompass a broader category of brief, transient events characterized by changes in consciousness and behavior. They may or may not be associated with a prodrome and full loss of consciousness. Paroxysmal spells can be caused by psychological disorders such as substance abuse and psychiatric disease or physiological events such as hypoglycemia, traumatic brain injury, and syncope. Importantly, both syncope and paroxysmal spells are clinically different from epileptic seizures and involve separate underlying pathophysiologies. Critically, sycope and seizure are not associated with the epileptiform cortical discharges on EEG that are characteristic of epileptic seizures. Syncope As most paroxysmal events are syncopal, the remainder of this discussion will focus primarily on syncope. Physiologically, syncope is a transient loss of consciousness as a result of cerebral hypoperfusion. As such, syncope varies from other etiologies of loss of consciousness in that it does not include head trauma or a post-ictal state. Syncope, instead, results in the complete and rapid resolution of mental status. It may have myoclonic jerking, but no persistent generalized tonic-clonic movement. Rather than a disease, syncope is a symptom of an underlying pathology ranging from benign to life-threatening. Patients are often divided into \"low-risk\" and \"high-risk\" groups. Features of high-risk syncope include syncope associated with exertion, chest pain or palpitations, evidence of cardiac arrhythmia or structural defects, and new or previously unknown EKG abnormalities. The etiology, epidemiology, evaluation, treatment, and management of these patients vary greatly. In the United States, hospitalization costs for syncope are estimated to be $5300 per admission and more than $2 billion annually, outpacing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma combined. As extensive workups can be costly, time-consuming, and often unnecessary, a growing cadre of management tools has been created to aid in the evaluation of patients with syncope. These tools are designed to categorize patients into risk categories and identify and treat patients with dangerous or high-risk syncope. Psychological Conditions Data suggest that men with psychiatric disease may have an increased incidence of syncope or paroxysmal events of unknown etiology. This data should lead clinicians to consider screening for psychiatric disorders in patients presenting with transient loss of consciousness when a clear etiology is not identified after a thorough medical workup. Among patients with a history of substance use disorder, 45% have been found to have unexplained syncope. This suggests that prior and current substance use is also associated with increased incidence of transient loss of consciousness of unknown etiology. Patients evaluated in the emergency department or even hospitalized with syncope of unknown etiology may benefit from toxicology screening and possible detoxification referral. Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia can cause a transient loss of consciousness, but generally is not regarded as a cause of syncope because, rather than recovering spontaneously, it requires glucose for recovery. Hypoglycemia is defined as low blood sugar levels accompanied by associated symptoms. In patients without diabetes mellitus, this is usually manifested at glucose levels below 50 mg/dl. In patients with diabetes or chronically elevated blood glucose levels, symptoms may manifest at other levels; specifically, people with chronically elevated blood glucose levels may experience hypoglycemic symptoms at blood glucose levels typically defined as normal. To diagnose hypoglycemia, symptoms and blood sugar levels must improve with the administration of exogenous glucose. Hypoglycemia can affect the central nervous system, leading to lightheadedness, nausea, flashes of light, focal neurological deficits, transient loss of consciousness, and seizure. It is, therefore, paramount that patients with any paroxysmal spell or loss of consciousness receive a fingerstick glucose test. Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury is an intracranial impairment, often due to external forces. These forces may include blunt or penetrating trauma to the head, causing acceleration/deceleration injury to the cerebral cortex. Intracerebral bleeding, lacerations, and diffuse axonal injuries may result. Injuries, such as an epidural hematoma, may cause a brief state of loss of consciousness, with rapid return of, usually altered consciousness. Other injuries, such as a large subdural hematoma or diffuse axonal injury, may cause worsening mentation and coma over hours to days. This is a result of increased intracranial pressure, leading to decreased cerebral perfusion pressure and finally, neuronal ischemia. Diagnosis is by clinical history and CT imaging, although MRI may be more specific for secondary trauma. Management is to reduce intracranial pressure and edema. Most patients with transient loss of consciousness do not need head imaging. The primary exception is those with traumatic brain injury.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informatics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jen, M. Y.; Mechanic, O. J.; and Teoli, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Informatics$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@incollection{jenInformatics2026,\n\taddress = {Treasure Island (FL)},\n\ttitle = {Informatics},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2026, StatPearls Publishing LLC.},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470564/},\n\tabstract = {Health informatics is the interprofessional field that studies and pursues the effective uses of biomedical data, information, and knowledge for scientific inquiry, problem-solving, decision making, motivated by efforts to improve human health. In other words, it is the science of information where the information is defined as data with meaning.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2026-08-27},\n\tbooktitle = {{StatPearls}},\n\tpublisher = {StatPearls Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Jen, Maxwell Y. and Mechanic, Oren J. and Teoli, Dac},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tpmid = {29262243},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Opioid Toxicity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Regina, A. C.; Goyal, A.; and Mechanic, O. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Opioid$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@incollection{reginaOpioidToxicity2026,\n\taddress = {Treasure Island (FL)},\n\ttitle = {Opioid {Toxicity}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2026, StatPearls Publishing LLC.},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470415/},\n\tabstract = {The term "opiate" refers to natural compounds derived from the base of the Papaver somniferum poppy flower, such as opium, morphine, diacetylmorphine (heroin), and codeine. In contrast, opioids are synthesized through chemical processes and include methadone, oxycodone, and fentanyl. Opiates have been used since antiquity to relieve pain and induce euphoria. Today, these agents remain a widely used option for pain relief. Opiates have been formally approved for analgesia for nearly 70 years and have long been assumed to be relatively safe and nonaddictive when used for chronic pain. In 1995, Dr. James Campbell addressed the American Pain Society, advocating for the evaluation of pain as a vital sign. His intentions were well-meaning, motivated by concerns about the undertreatment of pain. However, over the past 2 decades, numerous reports have raised alarms about the safety of these drugs. Cases of overdose and opiate toxicity are reported regularly across major cities in the United States. Particularly concerning is the dramatic increase in opiate prescriptions over the same period. This widespread prescribing by healthcare providers has contributed to an epidemic of overdoses outside the healthcare setting. Consequently, practicing healthcare professionals should recognize opiate toxicity in patients who present as lethargic or unresponsive without an apparent cause. (CDC, 2017) Data released by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that, from 2001 through 2010, the rates of opiate diversion, opiate prescriptions, and opiate-related deaths exponentially increased in the United States. These rates plateaued from 2011 through 2013 but spiked again between 2013 and 2014. Experts in pain management believe that the high number of opiate overdoses is likely unintentional, as patients may have been attempting to manage unrelenting pain. (CDC, 2016) Prescriptions for opioid-containing medications quadrupled between 1999 and 2010, paralleling a 4-fold increase in overdose deaths due to opioids. The majority of opioid-related deaths are attributed to the use of heroin and synthetic opioids other than methadone. The issue of poorly treated pain has led medical professionals to use various short- and long-acting opiates. While this approach has significantly improved pain relief, some patients often fail to adhere to proper dosing. When patients increase the dose or duration of opioid use, toxicity becomes a potential complication. Although the annual rates of transition are low, toxicity often occurs when individuals move from the nonmedical use of prescription opioids to heroin. Opioid overdose occurs when excessive unopposed stimulation of the opiate pathway leads to decreased respiratory effort and, potentially, death. The frequency of opioid overdoses is rapidly increasing. Drug overdose is now the leading cause of accidental death in the United States, with opioids being the most common culprit. According to the CDC, more than 1,000 emergency department visits reported daily are related to opioid misuse, and about 91 opioid overdose deaths are documented every day. Heroin, priced at about \\$2 per bag, is up to 10 times cheaper and more readily available than prescription opioid medications purchased on the street, which average around a dollar per milligram. Additionally, heroin is increasingly being mixed with fentanyl and other synthetic opioid compounds, resulting in variable opioid potency and a higher risk of overdose. Nonpharmaceutical or "street" opioids are often contaminated with other substances. To increase profits, sellers frequently add additional agents to the formula without informing the end user. These additives are pharmacologically active in many cases. Heroin was adulterated with scopolamine 2 decades ago in New York City, causing severe anticholinergic toxicity. Cocaine adulteration is also prevalent. Prescription Monitoring Most states have established prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) to counter the liberal prescribing of opiates by healthcare workers. In many states, healthcare professionals must consult the state’s online drug database to determine which analgesic drugs may be prescribed to patients. Such state-enacted legislation aims to prevent mass opiate prescriptions by healthcare workers and to help stop the diversion of legitimate opiate prescriptions. (DEA, 2016) Results are mixed, but research suggests that opioid databases have reduced opioid prescribing. Additionally, with the assistance of the DEA, statewide registries of controlled substances now help healthcare providers track usage patterns among patients to identify people at high risk for opiate diversion or abuse. While the availability of opiates contributes to opioid addiction, no evidence has yet demonstrated a direct link between opiate abuse and the legitimate use of these drugs for pain. (DEA, 2016)},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2026-08-27},\n\tbooktitle = {{StatPearls}},\n\tpublisher = {StatPearls Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Regina, Angela C. and Goyal, Amandeep and Mechanic, Oren J.},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tpmid = {29262202},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

\n The term \"opiate\" refers to natural compounds derived from the base of the Papaver somniferum poppy flower, such as opium, morphine, diacetylmorphine (heroin), and codeine. In contrast, opioids are synthesized through chemical processes and include methadone, oxycodone, and fentanyl. Opiates have been used since antiquity to relieve pain and induce euphoria. Today, these agents remain a widely used option for pain relief. Opiates have been formally approved for analgesia for nearly 70 years and have long been assumed to be relatively safe and nonaddictive when used for chronic pain. In 1995, Dr. James Campbell addressed the American Pain Society, advocating for the evaluation of pain as a vital sign. His intentions were well-meaning, motivated by concerns about the undertreatment of pain. However, over the past 2 decades, numerous reports have raised alarms about the safety of these drugs. Cases of overdose and opiate toxicity are reported regularly across major cities in the United States. Particularly concerning is the dramatic increase in opiate prescriptions over the same period. This widespread prescribing by healthcare providers has contributed to an epidemic of overdoses outside the healthcare setting. Consequently, practicing healthcare professionals should recognize opiate toxicity in patients who present as lethargic or unresponsive without an apparent cause. (CDC, 2017) Data released by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that, from 2001 through 2010, the rates of opiate diversion, opiate prescriptions, and opiate-related deaths exponentially increased in the United States. These rates plateaued from 2011 through 2013 but spiked again between 2013 and 2014. Experts in pain management believe that the high number of opiate overdoses is likely unintentional, as patients may have been attempting to manage unrelenting pain. (CDC, 2016) Prescriptions for opioid-containing medications quadrupled between 1999 and 2010, paralleling a 4-fold increase in overdose deaths due to opioids. The majority of opioid-related deaths are attributed to the use of heroin and synthetic opioids other than methadone. The issue of poorly treated pain has led medical professionals to use various short- and long-acting opiates. While this approach has significantly improved pain relief, some patients often fail to adhere to proper dosing. When patients increase the dose or duration of opioid use, toxicity becomes a potential complication. Although the annual rates of transition are low, toxicity often occurs when individuals move from the nonmedical use of prescription opioids to heroin. Opioid overdose occurs when excessive unopposed stimulation of the opiate pathway leads to decreased respiratory effort and, potentially, death. The frequency of opioid overdoses is rapidly increasing. Drug overdose is now the leading cause of accidental death in the United States, with opioids being the most common culprit. According to the CDC, more than 1,000 emergency department visits reported daily are related to opioid misuse, and about 91 opioid overdose deaths are documented every day. Heroin, priced at about $2 per bag, is up to 10 times cheaper and more readily available than prescription opioid medications purchased on the street, which average around a dollar per milligram. Additionally, heroin is increasingly being mixed with fentanyl and other synthetic opioid compounds, resulting in variable opioid potency and a higher risk of overdose. Nonpharmaceutical or \"street\" opioids are often contaminated with other substances. To increase profits, sellers frequently add additional agents to the formula without informing the end user. These additives are pharmacologically active in many cases. Heroin was adulterated with scopolamine 2 decades ago in New York City, causing severe anticholinergic toxicity. Cocaine adulteration is also prevalent. Prescription Monitoring Most states have established prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) to counter the liberal prescribing of opiates by healthcare workers. In many states, healthcare professionals must consult the state’s online drug database to determine which analgesic drugs may be prescribed to patients. Such state-enacted legislation aims to prevent mass opiate prescriptions by healthcare workers and to help stop the diversion of legitimate opiate prescriptions. (DEA, 2016) Results are mixed, but research suggests that opioid databases have reduced opioid prescribing. Additionally, with the assistance of the DEA, statewide registries of controlled substances now help healthcare providers track usage patterns among patients to identify people at high risk for opiate diversion or abuse. While the availability of opiates contributes to opioid addiction, no evidence has yet demonstrated a direct link between opiate abuse and the legitimate use of these drugs for pain. (DEA, 2016)\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yasir, M.; and Mechanic, O. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Syndrome$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@incollection{yasirSyndromeInappropriateAntidiuretic2026,\n\taddress = {Treasure Island (FL)},\n\ttitle = {Syndrome of {Inappropriate} {Antidiuretic} {Hormone} {Secretion}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2026, StatPearls Publishing LLC.},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507777/},\n\tabstract = {Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) release is a condition defined by the unsuppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland or nonpituitary sources or its continued action on vasopressin receptors. The condition was first detected in 2 patients with lung cancer by William Schwartz and Frederic Bartter in 1967. They developed the classic Schwartz and Bartter criteria for diagnosing SIADH, which have not changed. SIADH is characterized by impaired water excretion leading to hyponatremia with hypervolemia or euvolemia.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2026-08-27},\n\tbooktitle = {{StatPearls}},\n\tpublisher = {StatPearls Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Yasir, Muhammad and Mechanic, Oren J.},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tpmid = {29939554},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Telehealth Systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mechanic, O. J.; Persaud, Y.; and Kimball, A. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Telehealth$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@incollection{mechanicTelehealthSystems2026,\n\taddress = {Treasure Island (FL)},\n\ttitle = {Telehealth {Systems}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2026, StatPearls Publishing LLC.},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459384/},\n\tabstract = {Telehealth uses technology-based virtual platforms to deliver health information, prevention, monitoring, and medical care. The fastest-growing sector in the healthcare industry is telemedicine. Telemedicine more specifically refers to the practice of medicine through remote electronic interfaces. Telemedicine delivery involves distinct approaches. Most hospital-based care involves clinician-to-clinician consultations, where specialist expertise is provided to rural, international, or nonspecialist clinicians. In contrast, the patient-to-clinician model is expanding, allowing patients to connect with clinicians through direct-to-consumer telemedicine services.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2026-08-27},\n\tbooktitle = {{StatPearls}},\n\tpublisher = {StatPearls Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Mechanic, Oren J. and Persaud, Yudy and Kimball, Alexa B.},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tpmid = {29083614},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Acute Myocardial Infarction.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mechanic, O. J.; Gavin, M.; Shams, P.; and Grossman, S. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Acute$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@incollection{mechanicAcuteMyocardialInfarction2026,\n\taddress = {Treasure Island (FL)},\n\ttitle = {Acute {Myocardial} {Infarction}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2026, StatPearls Publishing LLC.},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459269/},\n\tabstract = {Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. The prevalence of the disease approaches 3 million people worldwide, with more than 1 million deaths in the United States annually. AMI can be divided into 2 categories: non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Unstable angina resembles an NSTEMI, but normal cardiac markers distinguish it. Myocardial infarction (MI) causes permanent damage to the heart muscle due to inadequate oxygen supply. MI can impair diastolic and systolic function, increasing the risk of arrhythmias. Additionally, an MI can lead to various serious complications. Prompt reperfusion and restoration of blood flow to the heart are crucial. Early treatment within 6 hours of symptom onset significantly improves prognosis. An MI is diagnosed when 2 of the following criteria are met: 1. Symptoms of ischemia. 2. New ST-segment changes or a left bundle branch block (LBBB). 3. Presence of pathological Q waves on electrocardiogram (ECG). 4. New regional wall motion abnormality on imaging study. 5. Presence of an intracoronary thrombus at autopsy or angiography. Myocardial infarction (MI), colloquially known as “heart attack,” is defined as myocardial cell death because of prolonged inadequate oxygen supply to a portion of the myocardium, most commonly occur due to acute atherothrombotic coronary artery disease, such as plaque rupture with superimposed thrombosis which is called type 1 MI.Another mechanism include mismatch between the demand and the supply without acute atherothrombosis which is called type 2 MI, coronary artery spasm, embolism, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), which accounts for 6–10\\% of cases and is more prevalent in women. Most myocardial infarctions are due to underlying coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. Myocardial infarction may be “silent” and go undetected, or it could present with chest discomfort or pressure that can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulder, or arm. In addition to the history and physical exam, myocardial ischemia may be associated with ECG changes and elevated biochemical markers such as cardiac troponins.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2026-08-27},\n\tbooktitle = {{StatPearls}},\n\tpublisher = {StatPearls Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Mechanic, Oren J. and Gavin, Michael and Shams, Pirbhat and Grossman, Shamai A.},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tpmid = {29083808},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. The prevalence of the disease approaches 3 million people worldwide, with more than 1 million deaths in the United States annually. AMI can be divided into 2 categories: non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Unstable angina resembles an NSTEMI, but normal cardiac markers distinguish it. Myocardial infarction (MI) causes permanent damage to the heart muscle due to inadequate oxygen supply. MI can impair diastolic and systolic function, increasing the risk of arrhythmias. Additionally, an MI can lead to various serious complications. Prompt reperfusion and restoration of blood flow to the heart are crucial. Early treatment within 6 hours of symptom onset significantly improves prognosis. An MI is diagnosed when 2 of the following criteria are met: 1. Symptoms of ischemia. 2. New ST-segment changes or a left bundle branch block (LBBB). 3. Presence of pathological Q waves on electrocardiogram (ECG). 4. New regional wall motion abnormality on imaging study. 5. Presence of an intracoronary thrombus at autopsy or angiography. Myocardial infarction (MI), colloquially known as “heart attack,” is defined as myocardial cell death because of prolonged inadequate oxygen supply to a portion of the myocardium, most commonly occur due to acute atherothrombotic coronary artery disease, such as plaque rupture with superimposed thrombosis which is called type 1 MI.Another mechanism include mismatch between the demand and the supply without acute atherothrombosis which is called type 2 MI, coronary artery spasm, embolism, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), which accounts for 6–10% of cases and is more prevalent in women. Most myocardial infarctions are due to underlying coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. Myocardial infarction may be “silent” and go undetected, or it could present with chest discomfort or pressure that can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulder, or arm. In addition to the history and physical exam, myocardial ischemia may be associated with ECG changes and elevated biochemical markers such as cardiac troponins.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Pocket ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia meat model.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mirsch, D.; Lin, J.; Farrow, R.; Goldsmith, A.; Brown, J.; and Nagdev, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BMJ Innovations,bmjinnov–2025–001480. August 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Pocket$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{mirschPocketUltrasoundguidedRegional2026,\n\ttitle = {Pocket ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia meat model},\n\tissn = {2055-8074, 2055-642X},\n\turl = {https://innovations.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjinnov-2025-001480},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/bmjinnov-2025-001480},\n\tabstract = {Background\n              Ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia (UGRA) is an important tool for multimodal management of acute pain in the emergency department. Hands-on practice with UGRA trainers has been shown to improve knowledge and skill acquisition, but current trainers can be costly and have unrealistic anatomy. We present a novel pocket UGRA meat model that attempts to mimic real sonoanatomy with low cost and high ease of portability.\n            \n            \n              Methods\n              We created eight novel pocket UGRA meat models using readily available materials to simulate anatomy for the following nerve blocks: forearm, interscalene brachial plexus, erector spinae, serratus anterior plane, fascia iliaca compartment, pericapsular nerve group, posterior tibial and the transgluteal sciatic nerve block.\n            \n            \n              Results\n              Each pocket UGRA model fits within a 16 cubic-inch box, and all eight models together occupy approximately 2 L of volume. The cost of creating each model ranges from \\$3.05 to \\$3.74 each. The cost of creating all eight models is \\$28.28 total for all materials.\n            \n            \n              Conclusions\n              Our pocket UGRA meat models are low cost, easy to build and store and contain landmarks mimicking real sonoanatomy. Our model design can be easily adapted to construct a variety of different nerve blocks.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2026-08-27},\n\tjournal = {BMJ Innovations},\n\tauthor = {Mirsch, Daniel and Lin, Judy and Farrow, Robert and Goldsmith, Andrew and Brown, Joseph and Nagdev, Arun},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tpages = {bmjinnov--2025--001480},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Defining Ultrasound‐Guided Nerve Block Competency for Emergency Medicine: A Delphi‐Method Consensus Statement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brown, J. R.; Le, N.; De Schutter, A.; Miller, D.; Riscinti, M.; Bailitz, J.; Borad, N.; Carnell, J.; Diller, D.; Dreyfus, A.; Duggan, N.; Farrow, R.; Goldsmith, A.; Haidar, D.; Huang, R.; Hurley, M.; Kessler, R.; Lin, J.; Macias, M.; Manson, W.; Mirsch, D.; Nagdev, A.; Pawa, A.; Ramachandran, A.; Riddell, J.; Stone, A.; Stroud, H.; Sungar, W. G.; Vlasica, K.; Zeccola, D.; and Tucker, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n AEM Education and Training, 10(3): e70207. June 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Defining$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 4 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{brownDefiningUltrasoundGuidedNerve2026,\n\ttitle = {Defining {Ultrasound}‐{Guided} {Nerve} {Block} {Competency} for {Emergency} {Medicine}: {A} {Delphi}‐{Method} {Consensus} {Statement}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {2472-5390, 2472-5390},\n\tshorttitle = {Defining {Ultrasound}‐{Guided} {Nerve} {Block} {Competency} for {Emergency} {Medicine}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aet2.70207},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/aet2.70207},\n\tabstract = {ABSTRACT\n            \n              Background\n              Ultrasound‐guided nerve blocks (UGNBs) are increasingly incorporated into multi‐modal analgesia in the Emergency Department (ED). Despite their growing adoption, there is no consensus defining when an Emergency Medicine (EM) clinician is competent to perform UGNBs. Training methods, assessment approaches, and credentialing standards remain highly variable across institutions. The objective of this study was to define competency in UGNBs for EM physicians through a modified Delphi method that included national experts in EM and Anesthesia.\n            \n            \n              Methods\n              A comprehensive librarian‐assisted literature review informed the development of a 123‐item questionnaire covering four domains: defining competency, teaching methods, assessment methods, and ongoing professional practice evaluation. Twenty‐seven experts (23 EM, 4 anesthesiology) representing 24 institutions participated in two rounds of electronic voting and discussion. Consensus was defined a priori as 80\\% agreement.\n            \n            \n              Results\n              All 27 panelists (100\\%) completed both rounds. Of 123 items, 61 achieved consensus: 33 items related to defining competency, 14 to teaching methods, 8 to assessment methods, and 6 to ongoing professional practice evaluation related to UGNBs. There was significant debate regarding the minimum number of UGNBs to determine competency and whether UGNBs should be included as a core ultrasound privilege.\n            \n            \n              Conclusion\n              This multidisciplinary modified Delphi provides the first national consensus defining competency in UGNBs for both practicing and EM physicians in training. The 61 consensus items offer a structured framework for residency curricula, faculty development, clinical privileging, and quality assurance. These recommendations may help guide forthcoming ACGME requirements and support safe, effective integration of UGNBs into emergency medicine training.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {AEM Education and Training},\n\tauthor = {Brown, Joseph R. and Le, Nhu‐Nguyen and De Schutter, Anna and Miller, Danielle and Riscinti, Matthew and Bailitz, John and Borad, Neil and Carnell, Jen and Diller, David and Dreyfus, Andrea and Duggan, Nicole and Farrow, Rob and Goldsmith, Andrew and Haidar, David and Huang, Rob and Hurley, Meghan and Kessler, Ross and Lin, Judy and Macias, Michael and Manson, William and Mirsch, Daniel and Nagdev, Arun and Pawa, Amit and Ramachandran, Anirudh and Riddell, Jeff and Stone, Alex and Stroud, Hilary and Sungar, William Gannon and Vlasica, Katherine and Zeccola, Daniel and Tucker, Ryan},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tpages = {e70207},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Accuracy of Emergency Physicians in Grading Diastolic Dysfunction Using Visual Estimation of Waveforms.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Puebla, D. L.; Lopez, E.; Kheradia, T.; Zitek, T.; Catapano, A.; Farrow, R. A.; and Kinas, D. H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 27(2): 381–386. February 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{pueblaAccuracyEmergencyPhysicians2026,\n\ttitle = {Accuracy of {Emergency} {Physicians} in {Grading} {Diastolic} {Dysfunction} {Using} {Visual} {Estimation} of {Waveforms}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {1936-9018},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/westjem.50527},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Diastolic dysfunction occurs when the ventricular walls of the heart stiffen and fail to relax appropriately. Early recognition in the emergency department (ED) enables identification of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, guides antihypertensive and diuretic therapy, and facilitates timely cardiology referral to reduce morbidity and readmissions. Prior studies show emergency physicians (EP) can diagnose diastolic dysfunction with point-of-care ultrasound using mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler indices, although quantitative measurements are time-consuming. This study evaluates whether EPs can accurately diagnose and grade diastolic dysfunction based solely on visualization of mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler wave forms.\nMETHODS: After a focused training session, EPs (postgraduate year 1-3 residents, ultrasound fellows, and attendings) were randomized to review archived echocardiograms obtained by certified technicians. The EPs visually assessed echocardiograms for diastolic dysfunction (grades I-III) and whether they were considered "severe" (grade III). Their interpretations were then compared with a cardiologist's gold-standard readings.\nRESULTS: Twenty-three EPs interpreted 100 echocardiograms containing 25 of each grade. Overall accuracy for exact grading was 54.8\\%. Ultrasound attendings scored highest (70.0\\%), followed by non-ultrasound fellows (55.0\\%), attendings (54.0\\%), and residents (52.9\\%). For identification of any diastolic dysfunction, the EPs had a sensitivity of 84.6\\% (95\\% CI, 78.5-89.5\\%), specificity of 44.8\\% (95\\% CI, 31.7-58.5\\%), positive likelihood ratio (+LR) 1.53 (95\\% CI, 1.21-1.95), and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) 0.34 (95\\% CI, 0.22-0.54). For identification of severe diastolic dysfunction, the EPs' intrepretations had a sensitivity of 59.4\\% (95\\% CI, 46.4-71.5\\%), specificity of 90.3\\% (95\\% CI, 85.0-94.3\\%), +LR 6.15 (95\\% CI 3.75-10.09), and -LR 0.45 (95\\% CI, 0.33-0.61).\nCONCLUSION: Emergency physicians can visually estimate diastolic function using mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler morphology with good sensitivity for detecting dysfunction and high specificity for identifying severe cases.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Puebla, Daniel L. and Lopez, Edward and Kheradia, Tarang and Zitek, Tony and Catapano, Anthony and Farrow, Robert A. and Kinas, David H.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tkeywords = {Clinical Competence, Diastole, Echocardiography, Echocardiography, Doppler, Emergency Medicine, Emergency Service, Hospital, Heart Failure, Diastolic, Humans},\n\tpages = {381--386},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n INTRODUCTION: Diastolic dysfunction occurs when the ventricular walls of the heart stiffen and fail to relax appropriately. Early recognition in the emergency department (ED) enables identification of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, guides antihypertensive and diuretic therapy, and facilitates timely cardiology referral to reduce morbidity and readmissions. Prior studies show emergency physicians (EP) can diagnose diastolic dysfunction with point-of-care ultrasound using mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler indices, although quantitative measurements are time-consuming. This study evaluates whether EPs can accurately diagnose and grade diastolic dysfunction based solely on visualization of mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler wave forms. METHODS: After a focused training session, EPs (postgraduate year 1-3 residents, ultrasound fellows, and attendings) were randomized to review archived echocardiograms obtained by certified technicians. The EPs visually assessed echocardiograms for diastolic dysfunction (grades I-III) and whether they were considered \"severe\" (grade III). Their interpretations were then compared with a cardiologist's gold-standard readings. RESULTS: Twenty-three EPs interpreted 100 echocardiograms containing 25 of each grade. Overall accuracy for exact grading was 54.8%. Ultrasound attendings scored highest (70.0%), followed by non-ultrasound fellows (55.0%), attendings (54.0%), and residents (52.9%). For identification of any diastolic dysfunction, the EPs had a sensitivity of 84.6% (95% CI, 78.5-89.5%), specificity of 44.8% (95% CI, 31.7-58.5%), positive likelihood ratio (+LR) 1.53 (95% CI, 1.21-1.95), and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) 0.34 (95% CI, 0.22-0.54). For identification of severe diastolic dysfunction, the EPs' intrepretations had a sensitivity of 59.4% (95% CI, 46.4-71.5%), specificity of 90.3% (95% CI, 85.0-94.3%), +LR 6.15 (95% CI 3.75-10.09), and -LR 0.45 (95% CI, 0.33-0.61). CONCLUSION: Emergency physicians can visually estimate diastolic function using mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler morphology with good sensitivity for detecting dysfunction and high specificity for identifying severe cases.\n

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\n \n 2025\n \n \n (9)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Nonresponse Bias Against the Underserved in Emergency Department Patient Experience Surveys: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Weber, L.; Aloise, D.; Roitman, A.; Corbea, C.; Sherman, D.; Nunez, T.; Puron, L.; Shalaby, M.; Kresch, F.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 70: 160–167. March 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekNonresponseBiasUnderserved2025,\n\ttitle = {Nonresponse {Bias} {Against} the {Underserved} in {Emergency} {Department} {Patient} {Experience} {Surveys}: {A} {Cross}-{Sectional} {Analysis}},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0736-4679},\n\tshorttitle = {Nonresponse {Bias} {Against} the {Underserved} in {Emergency} {Department} {Patient} {Experience} {Surveys}},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.08.017},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Patient experience scores are used to assess emergency physicians, but only a small fraction of patients actually respond to patient experience surveys. No prior studies have determined patient characteristics that predict emergency department (ED) patient experience survey response.\nOBJECTIVES: To determine which patient characteristics are associated with ED patient experience survey response.\nMETHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of a random sample of 2500 patients from our hospital system who were discharged from an ED between January 1 and June 30, 2022. Our hospital system has one hospital-based ED and two freestanding EDs, one of which is in an economically disadvantaged area. For each randomly selected patient, we used chart review to gather the following data points: ED visited, patient age, gender, race, preferred language, primary residence, time of arrival, marital status, health insurance, and emergency severity index for that visit. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine which of those variables were associated with patient experience survey response.\nRESULTS: Among 2500 patients sent surveys, 207 (8.3\\%) responded. Those with the lowest response rates were from a freestanding ED in an economically disadvantaged area (5.9\\%), were uninsured (4.9\\%), or were homeless (2.1\\%). On multivariable analysis, adjusted odds ratios for survey response for those characteristics were as follows: 0.54 (95\\% CI 0.33-0.84), 0.56 (95\\% CI 0.34-0.90), and 0.30 (95\\% CI 0.02-1.44), respectively.\nCONCLUSION: Multiple markers of lower socioeconomic status were associated with decreased patient experience survey response rates, suggestive of nonresponse bias against these individuals.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Weber, Luke and Aloise, Daniel and Roitman, Adam and Corbea, Claudia and Sherman, Dana and Nunez, Tatiana and Puron, Luis and Shalaby, Michael and Kresch, Frayda and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Aged, Bias, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Satisfaction, Patient experience, Patient satisfaction, Response, Surveys, Surveys and Questionnaires, Underserved},\n\tpages = {160--167},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unconventional Manifestations of Pediatric Pneumonia: Clinical Insights into an Atypical Case.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rutherford, J.; Moussa, M.; Lamour, D.; Santana, A.; Javed, Z.; and Alvarez, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n January 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Unconventional$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@misc{rutherfordUnconventionalManifestationsPediatric2025,\n\ttitle = {Unconventional {Manifestations} of {Pediatric} {Pneumonia}: {Clinical} {Insights} into an {Atypical} {Case}},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n\tshorttitle = {Unconventional {Manifestations} of {Pediatric} {Pneumonia}},\n\turl = {https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-5542166/v1},\n\tdoi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-5542166/v1},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n          \n            Introduction\n            Atypical community-acquired pneumonia is a common yet potentially fatal infection in children, particularly when classical clinical signs and symptoms are absent.\n            Case Report\n            A 7-year-old Hispanic male with a history of developmental delay, umbilical hernia, and ADHD presented to the pediatrician’s office with a chief complaint of intermittent fevers and cough over the past 6 days. His caregivers noted that the fever recurred every other day, with temperatures ranging from 100-102°F, and reported the onset of hives and swelling in the hands and feet on the 5th day. The patient had a negative screening for a rapid COVID, streptococcal, and influenza A/B test. He was sent to the hospital for a chest x-ray which revealed right upper lobe pneumonia. The patient received Azithromycin 200mg/5mL oral liquid 6.3mL on day 1 and 3.1mL for days 2-5 and Amoxicillin 400mg/5mL at 7mL q12h for 10 days, and loratadine 5mg/mL at 5 mg oral daily for 14 days.\nConclusion\nOne in five cases of pneumonia are atypical in the pediatric population with chances as high as 56\\% presenting asymptomatically which can make it challenging to diagnose.\n            1\n            Classic presentation of atypical pneumonia present as the following: cough, fever, muscle ache. In this patient he presents with ambiguous symptoms. Patient followed-up two weeks later and reported abscess drainage on his head and he developed reactive adenitis. Outside of developing reactive adenitis due to an unrelated cause he recovered completely from the pneumonia. 10/25/24 - he developed reactive adenitis with 2 nodules noted on the superior region of head that was draining. He received clindamycin 75mg/5mL, 5ml TID for 10 days.},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tpublisher = {In Review},\n\tauthor = {Rutherford, Jovana and Moussa, Marina and Lamour, Daniella and Santana, Alexa and Javed, Zanera and Alvarez, Israel},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound-guided flexor tendon sheath (FTS) block for digital analgesia in the emergency department: A case report.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Popa, A.; Camargo, A.; Catapano, A.; Abello, V.; and Farrow II, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ultrasound-guided$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{popaUltrasoundguidedFlexorTendon2025,\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound-guided flexor tendon sheath ({FTS}) block for digital analgesia in the emergency department: {A} case report},\n\tshorttitle = {Ultrasound-guided flexor tendon sheath ({FTS}) block for digital analgesia in the emergency department},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675725004000},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Popa, Andreea and Camargo, Alexis and Catapano, Anthony and Abello, Veronica and Farrow II, Robert A.},\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Supra-Short Ultrasound Protocol for Rotator Cuff Tears in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Study.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Farrow II, R. A.; Shalaby, M.; Puebla, D.; Sanoja, A.; Lopez, E.; McShannic, J.; Lee, Y.; Warren, N.; Lamour, D.; Perez, J.; and Rosselli, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, 0(0). September 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekSupraShortUltrasoundProtocol2025a,\n\ttitle = {The {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Pilot} {Study}},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {1936-900X},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48c451g2},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/westjem.46984},\n\tabstract = {Introduction: Although ultrasound is readily available to emergency physicians and known to be very accurate for diagnosing rotator cuff tears, it is rarely used for this purpose. Our goal in this study was to develop and preliminarily assess the accuracy of a simplified shoulder ultrasound protocol (the “supra-short” protocol), designed to be used by emergency physicians for diagnosis of supraspinatus tears. Methods: We performed a pilot diagnostic accuracy study in which we assessed the accuracy of the supra-short protocol as performed by minimally trained emergency physicians for identifying\\&nbsp;supraspinatus tears in volunteers. As a criterion standard, a sports medicine physician also performed a complete shoulder ultrasound on each volunteer. We determined the test characteristics of the supra-short protocol for supraspinatus tears, as well as the median time to complete a scan and the percentage of images deemed adequate by expert review. Results: Nine emergency physicians performed a total of 40 bilateral supra-short scans on six volunteers (two of whom were known to have shoulder pathology and four of whom had normal shoulders). Of the 80 shoulders scanned, there were 18 cases in which complete ultrasound performed by the sports medicine physician revealed a supraspinatus tear; 12 (66.7\\%) of those were identified by the novice sonographers using the supra-short protocol. Overall, the sensitivity of the supra-short protocol was 66.7\\% (95\\% CI 29.9-92.5\\%) and the specificity was 87.1\\% (95\\% CI 70.2-96.4\\%). The median time to completion of each shoulder was 133 seconds (interquartile range 88-182). Upon expert image review, 80.0\\% of the images were deemed adequate. Conclusion: After minimal training, emergency physicians were able to quickly perform the supra-short US protocol but were only able to identify supraspinatus tears with moderate accuracy, suggesting the need for more extensive training before clinical use.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2025-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Farrow II, Robert A. and Shalaby, Michael and Puebla, Daniel and Sanoja, Alejandro and Lopez, Edward and McShannic, Joseph and Lee, Yonghoon and Warren, Nicole and Lamour, Daniella and Perez, Jiodany and Rosselli, Michael},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Supra-Short Ultrasound Protocol for Rotator Cuff Tears in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Study.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Farrow II, R. A.; Shalaby, M.; Puebla, D.; Sanoja, A.; Lopez, E.; McShannic, J.; Lee, Y.; Warren, N.; and Lamour, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health. 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekSupraShortUltrasoundProtocol2025,\n\ttitle = {The {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Pilot} {Study}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48c451g2},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Farrow II, Robert A. and Shalaby, Michael and Puebla, Daniel and Sanoja, Alejandro and Lopez, Edward and McShannic, Joseph and Lee, Yonghoon and Warren, Nicole and Lamour, Daniella},\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n RAPTIR and Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Blocks.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Farrow II, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In CorePendium. EM:RAP, August 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"RAPTIR$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@incollection{farrowiiRAPTIRInfraclavicularBrachial2025,\n\ttitle = {{RAPTIR} and {Infraclavicular} {Brachial} {Plexus} {Blocks}},\n\turl = {https://www.emrap.org/corependium/chapter/reckSlGbAsX3TMVhw/RAPTIR-and-Infraclavicular-Brachial-Plexus-Blocks},\n\tbooktitle = {{CorePendium}},\n\tpublisher = {EM:RAP},\n\tauthor = {Farrow II, Robert A.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n POCUS for Detection of Esophageal and Gastric Foreign Bodies.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lamour, D.; Jean-Gilles, J.; Kinas, D.; Lopez, E.; and Farrow, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n POCUS journal, 10(2): 71–74. November 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{lamourPOCUSDetectionEsophageal2025,\n\ttitle = {{POCUS} for {Detection} of {Esophageal} and {Gastric} {Foreign} {Bodies}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {2369-8543},\n\tdoi = {10.24908/pocusj.v10i02.19230},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Foreign body ingestion is a common and challenging complaint for physicians in the emergency department (ED). Although most foreign bodies pass naturally without surgical intervention, about 10-20\\% require removal based on their size, shape, and location within the gastrointestinal tract. X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are frequently used for evaluation. However, x-rays cannot detect radiolucent foreign bodies, both modalities emit ionizing radiation, and CT scans are notably expensive. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) offers a valuable alternative for detecting foreign bodies, as it avoids radiation exposure, reduces costs, and is readily accessible.\nCASE SERIES: We present a case series involving three distinct instances of foreign body ingestion, where POCUS enhanced patient outcomes and disposition. This series includes evidence on use of POCUS for an obstructed esophageal foreign body and two gastric foreign bodies in a stable patient and unstable altered patient suspected of medication overdose.\nCONCLUSION: POCUS is an effective tool for identifying foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially when x-rays fail to visualize non-radiopaque materials or when attempting to minimize radiation from CT scans. It allows emergency physicians to quickly confirm the presence and precise location of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to faster clinical decision making and reduced risk of complications, such as perforation or obstruction.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {POCUS journal},\n\tauthor = {Lamour, Daniella and Jean-Gilles, Jacqueline and Kinas, David and Lopez, Edward and Farrow, Robert A.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Esophageal foreign body, POCUS foreign body, POCUS upper GI tract, Pediatric foreign body, Point of care ultrasound},\n\tpages = {71--74},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Musculoskeletal Ultrasound.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n DiRenzo, D.; and Farrow, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Gottlieb, M.; and Panebianco, N., editor(s), Advanced Point-of-Care Ultrasound, pages 387–415. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Musculoskeletal$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@incollection{direnzoMusculoskeletalUltrasound2025,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Musculoskeletal {Ultrasound}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-031-85307-4 978-3-031-85308-1},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-85308-1_19},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-031-85308-1_19},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tbooktitle = {Advanced {Point}-of-{Care} {Ultrasound}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},\n\tauthor = {DiRenzo, Dana and Farrow, Robert},\n\teditor = {Gottlieb, Michael and Panebianco, Nova},\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpages = {387--415},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Letter of Concern from the Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine Regarding ACGME Proposed Changes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hamilton, R. J.; Becker, L. B.; Wolfe, R. E.; Algren, D. A.; Arnold, T.; Baumann, M.; Berkeley, R. P.; Caffery, T. S.; Cannon, C. M.; Corbin, T. J.; Chansky, M. E.; Dhindsa, H. S.; Emerman, C. L.; Farcy, D. A.; Fox, C.; Gibbs, M. A.; Goode, C. S.; Godwin, S. A.; Jehle, D.; Johnson, D.; Keim, S. M.; Khazaeni, B.; Knapp, B. J.; Hawthorne, C.; Hoyle, J. D.; Kurz, M. C.; Leibner, E.; McNamara, R.; McCormack, R. F.; Michelson, E. A.; Miller, C.; Norse, A.; Nugent, A.; O'Neil, B. J.; Overton, D. T.; Panacek, E. A.; Paolo, W. F.; Pauzé, D. R.; Perez, A. L.; Riviello, R. J.; Rodi, S. W.; Pang, P. S.; Gonzalez Sanchez, J. A.; Seaberg, D.; Schwartz, A.; Shiver, S. A.; Sklar, D. P.; Smith, B. C.; Stowell, J. R.; Squillante, M. D.; Thomas, J. J.; Hoek, T. V.; Volturo, G. A.; Walters, E. L.; Wyatt, T. E.; and Yealy, D. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 26(4): 769–772. June 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hamiltonLetterConcernAssociation2025,\n\ttitle = {Letter of {Concern} from the {Association} of {Academic} {Chairs} of {Emergency} {Medicine} {Regarding} {ACGME} {Proposed} {Changes}},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tissn = {1936-9018},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/westjem.48840},\n\tabstract = {This letter, signed by over 50 academic chairs of emergency medicine, urges the ACGME to reconsider a proposed mandate requiring all emergency medicine residency programs to adopt a four-year training model. The authors argue that current three-year programs are supported by data demonstrating equivalent educational and clinical outcomes compared to four-year formats. They criticize the flawed survey methodology underpinning the proposal, note the loss of milestone-based training flexibility, and highlight the lack of added scholarly or clinical value in the fourth year. The letter also outlines negative consequences for fellowship participation, workforce development, trainee debt, and diversity. The signatories advocate for maintaining the current flexible training model to preserve excellence, equity, and innovation in emergency medicine education.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Hamilton, Richard J. and Becker, Lance B. and Wolfe, Richard E. and Algren, D. Adam and Arnold, Thomas and Baumann, Michael and Berkeley, Ross P. and Caffery, Terrell S. and Cannon, Chad M. and Corbin, Theodore J. and Chansky, Michael E. and Dhindsa, Harinder S. and Emerman, Charles L. and Farcy, David A. and Fox, Chris and Gibbs, Michael A. and Goode, Christopher S. and Godwin, Steven Andy and Jehle, Dietrich and Johnson, David and Keim, Samuel M. and Khazaeni, Babak and Knapp, Barry J. and Hawthorne, Clint and Hoyle, John D. and Kurz, Michael Christopher and Leibner, Evan and McNamara, Robert and McCormack, Robert F. and Michelson, Edward A. and Miller, Chadwick and Norse, Ashley and Nugent, Andrew and O'Neil, Brian J. and Overton, David T. and Panacek, Edward A. and Paolo, William F. and Pauzé, Denis R. and Perez, Amanda L. and Riviello, Ralph J. and Rodi, Scott W. and Pang, Peter S. and Gonzalez Sanchez, Juan A. and Seaberg, David and Schwartz, Adam and Shiver, Stephen A. and Sklar, David P. and Smith, Ben C. and Stowell, Jeffrey R. and Squillante, Marc D. and Thomas, J. Jeremy and Hoek, Terry Vanden and Volturo, Gregory A. and Walters, E. Lea and Wyatt, Thomas E. and Yealy, Donald M.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Education, Medical, Graduate, Emergency Medicine, Humans, Internship and Residency, United States},\n\tpages = {769--772},\n}\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Intravenous diltiazem infusions for rapid atrial fibrillation or flutter in the emergency department: A retrospective, exploratory analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Pagano, K.; Fernandez, C.; Zajd, S.; Akhter, M.; Kheradia, T.; Vaidean, G.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Academic Emergency Medicine: Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 31(12): 1264–1272. December 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekIntravenousDiltiazemInfusions2024,\n\ttitle = {Intravenous diltiazem infusions for rapid atrial fibrillation or flutter in the emergency department: {A} retrospective, exploratory analysis},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {1553-2712},\n\tshorttitle = {Intravenous diltiazem infusions for rapid atrial fibrillation or flutter in the emergency department},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/acem.14989},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Emergency physicians commonly treat patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL) with rapid ventricular response, and intravenous (IV) diltiazem is the most commonly used medication for rate control of such patients. We sought to compare rate control success and safety outcomes for emergency department (ED) patients with AF or AFL who, after a diltiazem bolus, received a diltiazem drip compared to those who did not receive a drip.\nMETHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study comparing outcomes of ED patients from a single hospital system with AF and AFL and a heart rate (HR) {\\textgreater} 100 beats/min who received a diltiazem drip after an IV diltiazem bolus to those who received no drip. The primary outcome was a HR {\\textless} 100 beats/min at the time of ED disposition. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay and safety (hypotension, electrical cardioversion, vasopressor use, and death). We compared groups using propensity score matching.\nRESULTS: Between January 1, 2020, and November 8, 2022, there were 746 AF or AFL patients eligible for analysis. Of those, 382 (51.2\\%) received a diltiazem drip and 364 (48.8\\%) did not. In the unadjusted analysis, the last recorded ED HR was {\\textless}100 beats/min in 55.2\\% of patients in the drip group compared to 65.9\\% in the no-drip group (difference 10.7\\%, 95\\% confidence interval [CI] 3.7 to 17.7). After propensity matching, diltiazem drip use was associated with lower likelihood of rate control in the ED (OR 0.69, 95\\% CI 0.48-0.99) and 22.5 h (95\\% CI 12.2-36.8) longer hospital stay.\nCONCLUSIONS: For patients with AF or AFL, the use of a diltiazem drip after an IV diltiazem bolus was associated with less rate control in the ED.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\tjournal = {Academic Emergency Medicine: Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Pagano, Kristina and Fernandez, Carolina and Zajd, Sarah and Akhter, Murtaza and Kheradia, Tarang and Vaidean, Georgeta and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Aged, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, Calcium Channel Blockers, Diltiazem, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Propensity Score, Retrospective Studies},\n\tpages = {1264--1272},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Median Nerve Measurement and Steroid Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Case Report.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Oliva, G.; McShannic, J.; Lee, Y.; and Shalaby, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 8(3): 291–294. August 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{olivaMedianNerveMeasurement2024,\n\ttitle = {Median {Nerve} {Measurement} and {Steroid} {Injection} for {Carpal} {Tunnel} {Syndrome}: {A} {Case} {Report}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {2474-252X},\n\tshorttitle = {Median {Nerve} {Measurement} and {Steroid} {Injection} for {Carpal} {Tunnel} {Syndrome}},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/cpcem.7194},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Carpal tunnel syndrome is an entrapment neuropathy that affects 3\\% of adults in the United States. The current techniques used for diagnosis have limited specificity/sensitivity, and the techniques used for treatment have limited efficacy.\nCASE REPORT: A 34-year-old female presented to the emergency department with two months of worsening painful paresthesias in her right thenar eminence. Ultrasound was performed showing a median nerve area of 20.4 square millimeters within the carpal tunnel. Median nerve block was performed within the carpal tunnel causing complete resolution of her pain.\nCONCLUSION: Emergency physicians skilled in point-of-care ultrasound and needle-guided procedures can diagnose and treat carpel tunnel syndrome.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Oliva, Gregory and McShannic, Joseph and Lee, Yonghoon and Shalaby, Michael},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {291--294},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound-guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Therapeutic Management of Postoperative Compressive Brachial Plexus Neuropathy: A Case Report.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Usuga, D.; Portuondo, S.; Farcy, D.; and Shalaby, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 8(3): 235–238. August 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{usugaUltrasoundguidedSupraclavicularBrachial2024,\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound-guided {Supraclavicular} {Brachial} {Plexus} {Block} for {Therapeutic} {Management} of {Postoperative} {Compressive} {Brachial} {Plexus} {Neuropathy}: {A} {Case} {Report}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {2474-252X},\n\tshorttitle = {Ultrasound-guided {Supraclavicular} {Brachial} {Plexus} {Block} for {Therapeutic} {Management} of {Postoperative} {Compressive} {Brachial} {Plexus} {Neuropathy}},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/cpcem.6600},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Compressive neuropathy of the brachial plexus is a common issue following laparoscopic and robotic surgeries.\nCASE REPORT: A 71-year-old male, post-lumbar spinal surgery, presented with excruciating right upper extremity pain and paresthesias. A supraclavicular brachial plexus (SBP) block with bupivacaine provided significant pain relief, lasting 36 hours. Subsequent physical therapy led to gradual pain and weakness improvement in compressive neuropathy.\nDISCUSSION: The SBP block, facilitated by ultrasound guidance, is a safe procedure with few serious complications. It proves beneficial for managing postoperative compressive neuropathy, allowing patients to break pain cycles and participate in rehabilitation.\nCONCLUSION: The SBP block is an effective addition to the management of postoperative compressive neuropathy, given its ease, safety, and potency. Although regional anesthesia provides only temporary relief, patients can experience a break in debilitating pain cycles associated with compressive neuropathy.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Usuga, Daniela and Portuondo, Sofia and Farcy, David and Shalaby, Michael},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {235--238},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Use of Point-of-care Ultrasound to Diagnose Rectus Abdominis Strain in the Acute Setting: A Case Report.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sanoja, A. J.; and Shalaby, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 8(2): 159–162. May 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{sanojaUsePointofcareUltrasound2024,\n\ttitle = {Use of {Point}-of-care {Ultrasound} to {Diagnose} {Rectus} {Abdominis} {Strain} in the {Acute} {Setting}: {A} {Case} {Report}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {2474-252X},\n\tshorttitle = {Use of {Point}-of-care {Ultrasound} to {Diagnose} {Rectus} {Abdominis} {Strain} in the {Acute} {Setting}},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/cpcem.1670},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Rectus abdominis muscle strains are common and can be debilitating in both professional and amateur athletes who engage in strenuous activity.\nCASE REPORT: We report a rare case of rectus abdominis muscle tear in an amateur bodybuilder diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in the emergency department (ED). The patient had presented to the ED three separate times after strenuous exercise, received costly diagnostic workups, and ultimately was diagnosed on the third visit with grade 2 bilateral rectus abdominis tear. The patient was given appropriate education and sports medicine follow-up. He underwent rehabilitation focused on trunk and core stability. At eight-week follow-up, the patient had made a full recovery.\nCONCLUSION: To our knowledge, a case of bilateral rectus abdominis tear diagnosed by ultrasound in the emergency setting has not been previously published. Our case report highlights the utility of POCUS in diagnosing musculoskeletal pathology and preventing costly bounce-back visits.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Sanoja, Alejandro J. and Shalaby, Michael},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {159--162},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound Performed by Emergency Physicians for Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Systematic Review.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hercz, D.; Mechanic, O. J.; Varella, M.; Fajardo, F.; and Levine, R. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 25(2): 282–290. March 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{herczUltrasoundPerformedEmergency2024,\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound {Performed} by {Emergency} {Physicians} for {Deep} {Vein} {Thrombosis}: {A} {Systematic} {Review}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {1936-9018},\n\tshorttitle = {Ultrasound {Performed} by {Emergency} {Physicians} for {Deep} {Vein} {Thrombosis}},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/westjem.18125},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed by emergency physicians (EP) has emerged as an effective alternative to radiology department ultrasounds for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Systematic reviews suggested good sensitivity and specificity overall for EP-performed POCUS for DVT diagnosis, yet high levels of heterogeneity were reported.\nMETHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to provide the most up-to-date estimates of the accuracy of EP-performed POCUS for diagnosis of DVT and to explore potential correlations with test performance. We performed systematic searches in MEDLINE and Embase for original, primary data articles from January 2012-June 2021 comparing the efficacy of POCUS performed by EPs to the local standard. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 for individual articles are reported. We obtained summary measures of sensitivity, specificity, and their corresponding 95\\% confidence intervals (CI) using bivariate mixed-effects regression models. We performed meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses as planned in the protocol CRD42021268799 submitted to PROSPERO.\nRESULTS: Fifteen publications fit the inclusion criteria, totaling 2,511 examinations. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 90\\% (95\\% CI 82\\%-95\\%) and 95\\% (CI 91\\%-97\\%), respectively. Subgroup analyses by EP experience found significantly better accuracy for exams performed by EP specialists (93\\%, CI 88\\%-97\\%) vs trainees (77\\%, CI 60\\%-94\\%). Specificity for EP specialists (97\\%, CI 94\\%-99\\%) was higher than for trainees (87\\%, CI 76\\%-99\\%, P = 0.01). Three-point compression ultrasound (CUS) was more sensitive than two-point CUS but was only statistically significant when limited to EP specialists (92\\% vs 88\\%, P = 0.07, and 95\\% vs 88\\%, P = 0.02, respectively).\nCONCLUSION: Point-of-care ultrasound performed by emergency physicians is sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of suspected DVT when performed by trained attending EPs. Three-point compression ultrasound examination may be more sensitive than two-point CUS.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Hercz, Daniel and Mechanic, Oren J. and Varella, Marcia and Fajardo, Francisco and Levine, Robert L.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Emergency Service, Hospital, Humans, Physicians, Point-of-Care Systems, Sensitivity and Specificity, Ultrasonography, Venous Thrombosis},\n\tpages = {282--290},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n INTRODUCTION: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed by emergency physicians (EP) has emerged as an effective alternative to radiology department ultrasounds for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Systematic reviews suggested good sensitivity and specificity overall for EP-performed POCUS for DVT diagnosis, yet high levels of heterogeneity were reported. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to provide the most up-to-date estimates of the accuracy of EP-performed POCUS for diagnosis of DVT and to explore potential correlations with test performance. We performed systematic searches in MEDLINE and Embase for original, primary data articles from January 2012-June 2021 comparing the efficacy of POCUS performed by EPs to the local standard. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 for individual articles are reported. We obtained summary measures of sensitivity, specificity, and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) using bivariate mixed-effects regression models. We performed meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses as planned in the protocol CRD42021268799 submitted to PROSPERO. RESULTS: Fifteen publications fit the inclusion criteria, totaling 2,511 examinations. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 90% (95% CI 82%-95%) and 95% (CI 91%-97%), respectively. Subgroup analyses by EP experience found significantly better accuracy for exams performed by EP specialists (93%, CI 88%-97%) vs trainees (77%, CI 60%-94%). Specificity for EP specialists (97%, CI 94%-99%) was higher than for trainees (87%, CI 76%-99%, P = 0.01). Three-point compression ultrasound (CUS) was more sensitive than two-point CUS but was only statistically significant when limited to EP specialists (92% vs 88%, P = 0.07, and 95% vs 88%, P = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION: Point-of-care ultrasound performed by emergency physicians is sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of suspected DVT when performed by trained attending EPs. Three-point compression ultrasound examination may be more sensitive than two-point CUS.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Utility of the occipital nerve block in the emergency department: A case series.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Everett, S. C.; Chamberlain, O.; Portuondo, S.; and Shalaby, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 80: 228.e5–228.e6. June 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{everettUtilityOccipitalNerve2024,\n\ttitle = {Utility of the occipital nerve block in the emergency department: {A} case series},\n\tvolume = {80},\n\tissn = {1532-8171},\n\tshorttitle = {Utility of the occipital nerve block in the emergency department},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2024.04.035},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tension headaches, as well as various scalp pathologies including lacerations and abscesses are commonly treated in the emergency department (ED). The occipital nerve block (ONB), previously described in anesthesia and neurology literature, offers analgesia of the posterior scalp on the side ipsilateral to the injection while maintaining a low adverse effect profile.\nCASE REPORT: We report three cases in which ONB was utilized for tension headache, scalp laceration repair, and incision and drainage of scalp abscess. These patients all reported significant pain improvement without any reported complications.\nCONCLUSION: The ONB is a landmark based technique that offers an opportunity to provide analgesia in the ED that is simple, effective, and without known significant risks that are associated with other modalities of treatment.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Everett, Scott C. and Chamberlain, Olga and Portuondo, Sofia and Shalaby, Michael},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Abscess, Adult, Anesthetics, Local, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Lacerations, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Block, Occipital nerve, Regional anesthesia, Scalp, Scalp abscess, Scalp laceration, Tension-type headache},\n\tpages = {228.e5--228.e6},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: awareness, recognition, and risk mitigation in the emergency department.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; Sahni, R.; and Hamilton, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine, 11(2): 121–126. June 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{shalabyLocalAnestheticSystemic2024,\n\ttitle = {Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: awareness, recognition, and risk mitigation in the emergency department},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {2383-4625},\n\tshorttitle = {Local anesthetic systemic toxicity},\n\tdoi = {10.15441/ceem.24.231},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, Michael and Sahni, Raghav and Hamilton, Richard},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {121--126},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT INTRAARTICULAR CORTICOSTEROID INJECTION FOR SACROILIAC JOINT DYSFUNCTION.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; McShannic, J.; Sanoja, A.; and Rosselli, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 66(4): e503–e507. April 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{shalabyEMERGENCYDEPARTMENTINTRAARTICULAR2024,\n\ttitle = {{EMERGENCY} {DEPARTMENT} {INTRAARTICULAR} {CORTICOSTEROID} {INJECTION} {FOR} {SACROILIAC} {JOINT} {DYSFUNCTION}},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {0736-4679},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.11.009},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction is a common but underrecognized source of low back pain (LBP). With provocative testing, emergency physicians can diagnose SIJ dysfunction and begin appropriate treatment in the emergency department (ED).\nDISCUSSION: For patients with significant pain from SIJ dysfunction, ultrasound-guided SIJ injection of anesthetic and corticosteroid can reduce patients' pain considerably.\nCONCLUSIONS: For patients who are good candidates for SIJ injection, emergency physicians can begin treatment in the ED, before the patient follows up with a specialist.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, Michael and McShannic, Joseph and Sanoja, Alejandro and Rosselli, Michael},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Humans, Injections, Intra-Articular, Low Back Pain, Sacroiliac Joint, corticosteroid, intraarticular injection, sacroiliac joint, ultrasound},\n\tpages = {e503--e507},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Cash critical care time prices vary substantially by region and hospital ownership: A cross-sectional study.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Alexander, J. S.; Bui, J.; Gonzalez, N.; Scheppke, E.; Obiorah, S.; Wong, C.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 77: 66–71. March 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekCashCriticalCare2024,\n\ttitle = {Cash critical care time prices vary substantially by region and hospital ownership: {A} cross-sectional study},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tissn = {1532-8171},\n\tshorttitle = {Cash critical care time prices vary substantially by region and hospital ownership},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2023.12.009},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: Emergency department (ED) patients may be billed for critical care time (current procedural terminology codes 99291 and 99292) if they receive at least 30 min of critical care services. We sought to determine the median cash (self-pay) prices for critical care time performed in the ED in the United States and assess for associations between hospital characteristics and prices.\nMETHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of hospital cash prices for critical care time performed in the ED using the first 25 alphabetical states. For each hospital, we recorded hospital characteristics including state, control (nonprofit, governmental, or for-profit), size, teaching status, and system. We then searched for each hospital's cash prices for 99291 and 99292 using Turquoise and hospital websites. We determined the median price for 99291 nationally, regionally, and for large hospital systems. We performed multivariable quantile regression to assess for associations between hospital characteristics and prices for 99291.\nRESULTS: Of the 2629 eligible hospitals, 2245 (85.4\\%) and 1893 (72.0\\%) reported cash prices for 99291 and 99292, respectively. For 99291, the cash price ranged from \\$45 to \\$84,775 with a median of \\$1816 (IQR: \\$1039-3237). For 99292, the median price was \\$567 (IQR: \\$298-1008). On multivariable analysis, hospitals had higher cash prices for 99291 if they were located in the West, for-profit, or part of a large system. In particular, hospitals owned by Tenet Healthcare charged the most for 99291 (median \\$28,244).\nCONCLUSION: The cash prices for critical care time vary substantially based on hospital characteristics. In particular, for-profit hospitals and those in the West tend to charge the most. Given that patients who require critical care are unlikely to be able to choose the hospital to which they present, standardization of critical care time fees should be considered.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Alexander, Jacob S. and Bui, Joseph and Gonzalez, Nicole and Scheppke, Eric and Obiorah, Samanthalee and Wong, Christopher and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Cash, Critical care time, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emergency Service, Hospital, For-profit, Hospital system, Hospitals, Humans, Ownership, Price, Self-pay, United States, West},\n\tpages = {66--71},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound-Guided, Mid-Forearm Median Nerve Block for Relief of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Pain in the Emergency Department: A Case Report.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Puebla, D. L.; Luchitsky, I.; De Oca, R. M.; Shalaby, M.; and Farrow, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 8(1): 68. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ultrasound-Guided,$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{pueblaUltrasoundGuidedMidForearmMedian2024,\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound-{Guided}, {Mid}-{Forearm} {Median} {Nerve} {Block} for {Relief} of {Carpal} {Tunnel} {Syndrome} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Case} {Report}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tshorttitle = {Ultrasound-{Guided}, {Mid}-{Forearm} {Median} {Nerve} {Block} for {Relief} of {Carpal} {Tunnel} {Syndrome} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10966504/},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Puebla, Daniel L. and Luchitsky, Ilya and De Oca, Roman Montes and Shalaby, Michael and Farrow, Robert A.},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {68},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modified PECS II Block for Axillary Hidradenitis Suppurativa.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; Sahni, R.; Puebla, D.; and Fernandez, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 66(6): e701–e703. June 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{shalabyModifiedPECSII2024,\n\ttitle = {Modified {PECS} {II} {Block} for {Axillary} {Hidradenitis} {Suppurativa}},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {0736-4679},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.01.007},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful, chronic inflammatory skin condition. Patients experience exacerbations, leading them to present to the emergency department (ED) for incision and drainage. Direct injection of local anesthetic into these lesions is extremely painful and seldom provides adequate anesthesia. A modified method of the PECS II block can provide anesthesia to the skin of the axilla, making management of HS much less painful for the patient. We performed a bilateral modified PECS II block on a patient requiring incision and drainage of HS lesions in both axillae. She subsequently required no local anesthetic for the procedure.\nDISCUSSION: The second injection of the traditional PECS II block involves the deposition of anesthetic in the fascial plane between the pectoralis minor muscle and the serratus anterior muscles. This injection targets the lateral branch of the intercostal nerves, which provide sensory innervation to the axilla.\nCONCLUSIONS: A modified technique of the PECS II block, in which only the second injection is performed, is a potentially effective method for anesthetizing the axilla of patients with HS prior to incision and drainage.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, Michael and Sahni, Raghav and Puebla, Daniel and Fernandez, Stephanie},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Anesthetics, Local, Axilla, Drainage, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Humans, Nerve Block, anesthesia, hidradenitis, nerve, nerve block, pain, regional anesthesia, ultrasound},\n\tpages = {e701--e703},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Implementation of an ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia program in the emergency department of a community teaching hospital.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Farrow II, R. A.; Shalaby, M.; Newberry, M. A.; De Oca, R. M.; Kinas, D.; Farcy, D. A.; and Zitek, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 83(6): 509–518. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Implementation$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{farrowiiImplementationUltrasoundguidedRegional2024,\n\ttitle = {Implementation of an ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia program in the emergency department of a community teaching hospital},\n\tvolume = {83},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196064423013823},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Farrow II, Robert A. and Shalaby, Michael and Newberry, Mark A. and De Oca, Roman Montes and Kinas, David and Farcy, David A. and Zitek, Tony},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {509--518},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Exogenous Peptide Injection Causing Medical Thigh Compartment Syndrome.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lamour, D.; Bruno, T. W.; Shih, R. D.; Solano, J. J.; and Alter, S. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 66(4): e526–e529. April 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Exogenous$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{lamourExogenousPeptideInjection2024,\n\ttitle = {Exogenous {Peptide} {Injection} {Causing} {Medical} {Thigh} {Compartment} {Syndrome}},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {07364679},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0736467923005863},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.11.025},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Lamour, Daniella and Bruno, Tony W. and Shih, Richard D. and Solano, Joshua J. and Alter, Scott M.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {e526--e529},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Diagnosis of cutaneous larva migrans using point of care ultrasound.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lamour, D.; Farrow, R. A.; Pierre, J.; Puebla, D.; and Khalil, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n POCUS journal, 9(1): 33. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Diagnosis$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{lamourDiagnosisCutaneousLarva2024,\n\ttitle = {Diagnosis of cutaneous larva migrans using point of care ultrasound},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\turl = {https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11044923/},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {POCUS journal},\n\tauthor = {Lamour, Daniella and Farrow, Robert A. and Pierre, Jean and Puebla, Daniel and Khalil, Paul},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {33},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An Assessment of the Presence of Clostridium tetani in the Soil and on Other Surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; Catenazzi, A.; Smith, M. F.; Farrow Ii, R. A.; Farcy, D.; Mechanic, O.; and Zitek, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 25(6): 890. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"An$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{shalabyAssessmentPresenceClostridium2024,\n\ttitle = {An {Assessment} of the {Presence} of {Clostridium} tetani in the {Soil} and on {Other} {Surfaces}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\turl = {https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11610744/},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Western Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, Michael and Catenazzi, Alessandro and Smith, Melissa F. and Farrow Ii, Robert A. and Farcy, David and Mechanic, Oren and Zitek, Tony},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {890},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 476 The Supra-Short Ultrasound Protocol to Assess for Rotator Cuff Tears in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Trial.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Farrow, R.; Kinas, D.; Shalaby, M.; Puebla, D.; McShannic, J.; Sanoja, A.; Lopez, E.; Lee, Y.; and Zaldivar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 84(4): S212. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"476$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitek476SupraShortUltrasound2024,\n\ttitle = {476 {The} {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} to {Assess} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Pilot} {Trial}},\n\tvolume = {84},\n\tshorttitle = {476 {The} {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} to {Assess} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(24)00921-1/abstract},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, T. and Farrow, R. and Kinas, D. and Shalaby, M. and Puebla, D. and McShannic, J. and Sanoja, A. and Lopez, E. and Lee, Y. and Zaldivar, A.},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {S212},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 469 An Analysis of Common Errors in Biliary Point-of-Care Ultrasound.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tran, L.; Farrow, R.; Kinas, D.; Shalaby, M.; Farcy, D.; and Zitek, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 84(4): S209. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"469$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{tran469AnalysisCommon2024,\n\ttitle = {469 {An} {Analysis} of {Common} {Errors} in {Biliary} {Point}-of-{Care} {Ultrasound}},\n\tvolume = {84},\n\turl = {https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(24)00914-4/abstract},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Tran, L. and Farrow, R. and Kinas, D. and Shalaby, M. and Farcy, D. and Zitek, T.},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {S209},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2023\n \n \n (17)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Death associated with ingestion of starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) in a patient with chronic kidney disease.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raciti, C.; Blanzaco, M.; and Bernstein, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 70: 208.e1–208.e3. August 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{racitiDeathAssociatedIngestion2023,\n\ttitle = {Death associated with ingestion of starfruit ({Averrhoa} carambola) in a patient with chronic kidney disease},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {1532-8171},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2023.06.043},\n\tabstract = {We detail a case of a 74-year-old female with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) who initially presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with intractable hiccups after ingesting two whole starfruit (SF) and quickly became critically ill while in the ED. Our patient was admitted and received several rounds of hemodialysis, but efforts proved futile, as the patient expired during her hospital course. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fatality reported due to SF ingestion in the U.S, and highlights the need for both a better understanding of SF intoxication and clearer guidelines and timing for treatment. Due to the increased mortality of patients who consume SF with a medical history of CKD or DM, it is prudent that Emergency Physicians are familiar with the clinical presentation and management options for SF toxicity.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Raciti, Christopher and Blanzaco, Melba and Bernstein, Jeffrey},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Aged, Averrhoa, Eating, Female, Fruit, Hemodialysis, Humans, Neurotoxicity, Renal Dialysis, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Starfruit, Toxicology},\n\tpages = {208.e1--208.e3},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Posterior Tibial Nerve Block for the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis in the Emergency Department.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; Sanoja, A.; and Rosselli, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 65(5): e441–e443. November 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{shalabyPosteriorTibialNerve2023,\n\ttitle = {Posterior {Tibial} {Nerve} {Block} for the {Treatment} of {Plantar} {Fasciitis} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\tvolume = {65},\n\tissn = {0736-4679},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.05.025},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common, painful condition for which patients sometimes seek treatment in the emergency department. Although corticosteroid injections are helpful for PF, they are painful.\nDISCUSSION: A posterior tibial nerve block provides immediate pain relief and allows the physician to also perform a corticosteroid injection into the heel, which could provide up to 1 month of analgesia.\nCONCLUSIONS: Patients may not have to wait until an appointment with a specialist to begin experiencing analgesia for PF.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, Michael and Sanoja, Alejandro and Rosselli, Michael},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Anesthetics, Local, Emergency Service, Hospital, Fasciitis, Plantar, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Block, Pain Management, Tibial Nerve, corticosteroid, plantar fasciitis, posterior tibial nerve, regional anesthesia},\n\tpages = {e441--e443},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Supraclavicular brachial plexus block: the unsung hero of emergency department regional anesthesia.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; and Sahni, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine, 10(3): 342–344. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{shalabySupraclavicularBrachialPlexus2023,\n\ttitle = {Supraclavicular brachial plexus block: the unsung hero of emergency department regional anesthesia},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {2383-4625},\n\tshorttitle = {Supraclavicular brachial plexus block},\n\tdoi = {10.15441/ceem.23.035},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, Michael and Sahni, Raghav},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {342--344},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Antibiotics Administered via Intravenous Push Versus Intravenous Piggyback to Adult Patients in the Emergency Department: a Randomized Trial.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahbar, A.; Promlap, J.; Patel, J.; David, J.; Phan, L.; Lee, P.; and Zitek, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, 5(1): 186. July 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Antibiotics$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{rahbarAntibioticsAdministeredIntravenous2023,\n\ttitle = {Antibiotics {Administered} via {Intravenous} {Push} {Versus} {Intravenous} {Piggyback} to {Adult} {Patients} in the {Emergency} {Department}: a {Randomized} {Trial}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2523-8973},\n\tshorttitle = {Antibiotics {Administered} via {Intravenous} {Push} {Versus} {Intravenous} {Piggyback} to {Adult} {Patients} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s42399-023-01523-y},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s42399-023-01523-y},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2026-08-27},\n\tjournal = {SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Rahbar, Aryan and Promlap, John and Patel, Jayme and David, Jason and Phan, Lisa and Lee, Perry and Zitek, Tony},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {186},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Low CERVICAL-2 plane block, a proposed regional anesthetic technique for acute cholecystitis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; Arslan, O.; Mechanic, O.; and Zitek, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 71: 69–73. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{shalabyLowCERVICAL2Plane2023,\n\ttitle = {Low {CERVICAL}-2 plane block, a proposed regional anesthetic technique for acute cholecystitis},\n\tvolume = {71},\n\tissn = {1532-8171},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2023.06.011},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Acute cholecystitis is a painful inflammatory disease of the gallbladder. The Low Cervical-2 Plane Block is a retrolaminar block that targets the C3, C4, and C5 spinal nerves, which provide sensory innervation to the gallbladder, in order to potentially provide analgesia to patients with pain associated with acute cholecystitis.\nMETHODS: In this brief report, a softly embalmed cadaver was injected with a dye mixture bilaterally.\nRESULTS: Subsequent cadaveric dissection revealed spread of the injectate deep to the prevertebral fascia to the C4 lamina on the right side and the C5 lamina on the left side. Also, diffusion of the anesthetic over the ligamenta flava could spread inferiorly and laterally to the spinal nerve roots of C3-C5 and thus potentially target the direct sensory innervation of the gallbladder.\nCONCLUSION: The Low Cervical-2 Plane Block is a potentially effective modality for treating intractable pain from acute cholecystitis. However, further cadaveric injections are needed to confirm the exact extent of spread of anesthetic. Clinical application of the Low Cervical-2 Plane Block in patients with acute cholecystitis is needed to establish the efficacy of this theoretical technique.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, Michael and Arslan, Orhan and Mechanic, Oren and Zitek, Tony},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Acute cholecystitis, Anesthesia, Anesthetics, Cadaver, Cholecystitis, Acute, Humans, Nerve Block, Pain medicine, Spinal Nerves, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Ultrasound},\n\tpages = {69--73},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Implementation of a Prehospital Whole Blood Transfusion Program and Early Results.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coyle, C.; Zitek, T.; Pepe, P. E.; Stotsenburg, M.; Scheppke, K. A.; Antevy, P.; Giroux, R.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 38(4): 513–517. August 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{coyleImplementationPrehospitalWhole2023,\n\ttitle = {The {Implementation} of a {Prehospital} {Whole} {Blood} {Transfusion} {Program} and {Early} {Results}},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tissn = {1945-1938},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S1049023X23005952},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: In far-forward combat situations, the military challenged dogma by using whole blood transfusions (WBTs) rather than component-based therapy. More recently, some trauma centers have initiated WBT programs with reported success. There are a few Emergency Medical Service (EMS) systems that are using WBTs, but the vast majority are not. Given the increasing data supporting the use of WBTs in the prehospital setting, more EMS systems are likely to consider or begin WBT programs in the future.\nOBJECTIVE: A prehospital WBT program was recently implemented in Palm Beach County, Florida (USA). This report will discuss how the program was implemented, the obstacles faced, and the initial results.\nMETHODS: This report describes the process by which a prehospital WBT program was implemented by Palm Beach County Fire Rescue and the outcomes of the initial case series of patients who received WBTs in this system. Efforts to initiate the prehospital WBT program for this system began in 2018. The program had several obstacles to overcome, with one of the major obstacles being the legal team's perception of potential liability that might occur with a new prehospital blood transfusion program. This obstacle was overcome through education of local elected officials regarding the latest scientific evidence in favor of prehospital WBTs with potential life-saving benefits to the community. After moving past this hurdle, the program went live on July 6, 2022. The initial indications for transfusion of cold-stored, low titer, leukoreduced O+ whole blood in the prehospital setting included traumatic injuries with systolic blood pressure (SBP) {\\textless} 70mmHg or SBP {\\textless} 90mmHg plus heart rate (HR) {\\textgreater} 110 beats per minute.\nFINDINGS: From the date of onset through December 31, 2022, Palm Beach County Fire Rescue transported a total of 881 trauma activation patients, with 20 (2.3\\%) receiving WBT. Overall, nine (45\\%) of the patients who had received WBTs so far remain alive. No adverse events related to transfusion were identified following WBT administration. A total of 18 units of whole blood reached expiration of the unit's shelf life prior to transfusion.\nCONCLUSION: Despite a number of logistical and legal obstacles, Palm Beach County Fire Rescue successfully implemented a prehospital WBT program. Other EMS systems that are considering a prehospital WBT program should review the included protocol and the barriers to implementation that were faced.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Prehospital and Disaster Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Coyle, Charles and Zitek, Tony and Pepe, Paul E. and Stotsenburg, Madonna and Scheppke, Kenneth A. and Antevy, Peter and Giroux, Richard and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Blood Transfusion, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Florida, Forecasting, Humans, Trauma Centers, prehospital, transfusions, trauma, whole blood},\n\tpages = {513--517},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n INTRODUCTION: In far-forward combat situations, the military challenged dogma by using whole blood transfusions (WBTs) rather than component-based therapy. More recently, some trauma centers have initiated WBT programs with reported success. There are a few Emergency Medical Service (EMS) systems that are using WBTs, but the vast majority are not. Given the increasing data supporting the use of WBTs in the prehospital setting, more EMS systems are likely to consider or begin WBT programs in the future. OBJECTIVE: A prehospital WBT program was recently implemented in Palm Beach County, Florida (USA). This report will discuss how the program was implemented, the obstacles faced, and the initial results. METHODS: This report describes the process by which a prehospital WBT program was implemented by Palm Beach County Fire Rescue and the outcomes of the initial case series of patients who received WBTs in this system. Efforts to initiate the prehospital WBT program for this system began in 2018. The program had several obstacles to overcome, with one of the major obstacles being the legal team's perception of potential liability that might occur with a new prehospital blood transfusion program. This obstacle was overcome through education of local elected officials regarding the latest scientific evidence in favor of prehospital WBTs with potential life-saving benefits to the community. After moving past this hurdle, the program went live on July 6, 2022. The initial indications for transfusion of cold-stored, low titer, leukoreduced O+ whole blood in the prehospital setting included traumatic injuries with systolic blood pressure (SBP) \\textless 70mmHg or SBP \\textless 90mmHg plus heart rate (HR) \\textgreater 110 beats per minute. FINDINGS: From the date of onset through December 31, 2022, Palm Beach County Fire Rescue transported a total of 881 trauma activation patients, with 20 (2.3%) receiving WBT. Overall, nine (45%) of the patients who had received WBTs so far remain alive. No adverse events related to transfusion were identified following WBT administration. A total of 18 units of whole blood reached expiration of the unit's shelf life prior to transfusion. CONCLUSION: Despite a number of logistical and legal obstacles, Palm Beach County Fire Rescue successfully implemented a prehospital WBT program. Other EMS systems that are considering a prehospital WBT program should review the included protocol and the barriers to implementation that were faced.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n ChatGPT passing USMLE shines a spotlight on the flaws of medical education.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mbakwe, A. B.; Lourentzou, I.; Celi, L. A.; Mechanic, O. J.; and Dagan, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PLOS digital health, 2(2): e0000205. February 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{mbakweChatGPTPassingUSMLE2023,\n\ttitle = {{ChatGPT} passing {USMLE} shines a spotlight on the flaws of medical education},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {2767-3170},\n\tdoi = {10.1371/journal.pdig.0000205},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {PLOS digital health},\n\tauthor = {Mbakwe, Amarachi B. and Lourentzou, Ismini and Celi, Leo Anthony and Mechanic, Oren J. and Dagan, Alon},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {e0000205},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Florida emergency department facility fees vary significantly based on hospital ownership.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Pardinas, B.; Cartwright, A.; Apicella, M.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Academic Emergency Medicine: Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 30(9): 969–971. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekFloridaEmergencyDepartment2023,\n\ttitle = {Florida emergency department facility fees vary significantly based on hospital ownership},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {1553-2712},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/acem.14696},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\tjournal = {Academic Emergency Medicine: Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Pardinas, Brittney and Cartwright, Alyssa and Apicella, Matthew and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Emergency Service, Hospital, Fees and Charges, Florida, Hospitals, Humans, Ownership, facility fees, for-profit, level 4 visit, level 5 visit, standard charges},\n\tpages = {969--971},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A cross-sectional analysis of Yelp and Google reviews of hospitals in the United States.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Bui, J.; Day, C.; Ecoff, S.; and Patel, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open, 4(2): e12913. April 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekCrosssectionalAnalysisYelp2023,\n\ttitle = {A cross-sectional analysis of {Yelp} and {Google} reviews of hospitals in the {United} {States}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {2688-1152},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/emp2.12913},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: Patient satisfaction is now an important metric in emergency medicine, but the means by which satisfaction is assessed is evolving. We sought to examine hospital ratings on Google and Yelp as compared to those on Medicare's Care Compare (CC) and to determine if certain hospital characteristics are associated with crowdsourced ratings.\nMETHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of hospital ratings on Google and Yelp as compared to those on CC using data collected between July 8 and August 2, 2021. For each hospital, we recorded the CC ratings, Yelp ratings, Google ratings, and each hospital's characteristics. Using multivariable linear regression, we assessed for associations between hospital characteristics and crowdsourced ratings. We calculated Spearman's correlation coefficients for CC ratings versus crowdsourced ratings.\nRESULTS: Among 3000 analyzed hospitals, the median hospital ratings on Yelp and Google were 2.5 stars (interquartile ratio [IQR], 2-3) and 3 stars (IQR, 2.7-3.5), respectively. The median number of Yelp and Google reviews per hospital was 13 and 150, respectively. The correlation coefficients for Yelp and Google ratings with CC's overall star ratings were 0.19 and 0.20, respectively. For Yelp and Google ratings with CC's patient survey ratings, correlation coefficients were 0.26 and 0.22, respectively. On multivariable analysis, critical access hospitals had 0.22 (95\\% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.30) more Google stars and hospitals in the West had 0.12 (95\\% CI, 0.05-0.18) more Google stars than references standard hospitals.\nCONCLUSION: Patients use Google more frequently than Yelp to review hospitals. Median UnS hospital ratings on Yelp and Google are 2.5 and 3 stars, respectively. Crowdsourced reviews weakly correlate with CC ratings. Critical access hospitals and hospitals in the West have higher crowdsourced ratings.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Bui, Joseph and Day, Christopher and Ecoff, Sara and Patel, Brijesh},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {e12913},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bilateral Erector Spinae Plane Block for Man o' War Stings: A Case Report.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Weber, L.; and Shalaby, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 7(1): 36–38. February 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{weberBilateralErectorSpinae2023,\n\ttitle = {Bilateral {Erector} {Spinae} {Plane} {Block} for {Man} o' {War} {Stings}: {A} {Case} {Report}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {2474-252X},\n\tshorttitle = {Bilateral {Erector} {Spinae} {Plane} {Block} for {Man} o' {War} {Stings}},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/cpcem.2022.12.58093},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Portuguese man o' war, an aquatic invertebrate, is responsible for a large proportion of cnidarian stings worldwide. Cnidaria is a phylum that contains the genus Physalia. These injuries result in severe pain and skin irritation, which are often difficult to control. Traditionally, cnidarian stings have been treated by emergency physicians with warm water, vinegar and, in severe cases, opioids. However, no concrete guidelines have been established for pain management in man o' war stings.\nCASE REPORT: Regional anesthesia (RA) is an increasingly used method of pain control in the emergency department. In the case of a 41-year-old female experiencing severe pain from a Portuguese man o' war sting, RA with an erector spinae plane block (ESPB) provided her with rapid and long-lasting pain relief.\nCONCLUSION: The standard of care has yet to be defined when managing pain from Physalia physalis stings. Although this is the first documented use of ESPB for treatment of cnidarian stings, RA should be considered by any emergency physician when treating injuries caused by a Portuguese man o' war.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Weber, Luke and Shalaby, Michael},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {36--38},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Assessment of Trauma Team Activation Fees by US Region and Hospital Ownership.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Pagano, K.; Mechanic, O. J.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JAMA network open, 6(1): e2252520. January 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekAssessmentTraumaTeam2023,\n\ttitle = {Assessment of {Trauma} {Team} {Activation} {Fees} by {US} {Region} and {Hospital} {Ownership}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {2574-3805},\n\tdoi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.52520},\n\tabstract = {IMPORTANCE: Trauma centers must be readily equipped to handle a variety of life-threatening injuries and consequently may charge a fee for the activation of their trauma team. Regional and hospital-related variations in trauma activation fees across the US have not been formally assessed.\nOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the variability of trauma activation fees from trauma centers across the US and examine whether certain hospital characteristics are associated with higher activation fees.\nDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data from the American College of Surgeons website to identify all trauma centers in the US that were listed as verified from inception of the verification database through March 4, 2022 (N = 546). Five military hospitals were excluded, and trauma activation fees could not be found for 18 trauma centers; the remaining 523 hospitals were included in the analysis. Each hospital's publicly available chargemaster (a comprehensive list of a hospital's products, procedures, and services) was searched to obtain its trauma activation fees. Two levels of trauma activation fees were recorded: tier 1 (full activation) and tier 2 (partial activation). Hospital-specific data were obtained from the American Hospital Association website. All data were collected between January 2 and March 11, 2022. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess potential associations between hospital characteristics (type of control [for profit, government, church, or other nonprofit], hospital system [owner], number of staffed beds, and academic vs nonacademic status) and trauma activation fees.\nMAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Median and mean trauma activation fees nationally and stratified by location, hospital system, and other hospital characteristics.\nRESULTS: Of 523 trauma centers included in the analysis, most were located in the Midwest (180 centers) and West (129 centers). There were 176 adult level I trauma centers and 200 adult level II trauma centers; 69 centers had for-profit status, and 415 were academic. Overall, the median (IQR) tier 1 trauma activation fee was \\$9500 (\\$5601-\\$17 805), and the mean (SD) tier 1 trauma activation fee was \\$13 349 (\\$11 034); these fees ranged from \\$1000 to \\$61 734. Median (IQR) trauma activation fees were highest in the West (\\$18 099 [\\$10 741-\\$\\$27 607]), especially in California, where the median (IQR) activation fee was \\$24 057 (\\$15 979-\\$33 618). Trauma activation fees were also higher at for-profit hospitals, most of which were owned by the HCA Healthcare system, which had 43 trauma centers and a median (IQR) tier 1 trauma activation fee of \\$29 999 (\\$20 196-\\$37 589).\nCONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, trauma activation fees varied widely among hospitals in the US. Regional variation in these fees was substantial, with hospitals in the West charging substantially more than those in other locations. In addition, for-profit hospitals charged more than other types of hospitals. These findings suggest that some patients with serious traumatic injuries will incur disproportionately high trauma activation fees depending on the trauma center to which they are brought. Therefore, standardization of trauma activation fees is warranted.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {JAMA network open},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Pagano, Kristina and Mechanic, Oren J. and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fees and Charges, Hospitals, Private, Humans, Ownership, Trauma Centers, United States},\n\tpages = {e2252520},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n IMPORTANCE: Trauma centers must be readily equipped to handle a variety of life-threatening injuries and consequently may charge a fee for the activation of their trauma team. Regional and hospital-related variations in trauma activation fees across the US have not been formally assessed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the variability of trauma activation fees from trauma centers across the US and examine whether certain hospital characteristics are associated with higher activation fees. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data from the American College of Surgeons website to identify all trauma centers in the US that were listed as verified from inception of the verification database through March 4, 2022 (N = 546). Five military hospitals were excluded, and trauma activation fees could not be found for 18 trauma centers; the remaining 523 hospitals were included in the analysis. Each hospital's publicly available chargemaster (a comprehensive list of a hospital's products, procedures, and services) was searched to obtain its trauma activation fees. Two levels of trauma activation fees were recorded: tier 1 (full activation) and tier 2 (partial activation). Hospital-specific data were obtained from the American Hospital Association website. All data were collected between January 2 and March 11, 2022. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess potential associations between hospital characteristics (type of control [for profit, government, church, or other nonprofit], hospital system [owner], number of staffed beds, and academic vs nonacademic status) and trauma activation fees. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Median and mean trauma activation fees nationally and stratified by location, hospital system, and other hospital characteristics. RESULTS: Of 523 trauma centers included in the analysis, most were located in the Midwest (180 centers) and West (129 centers). There were 176 adult level I trauma centers and 200 adult level II trauma centers; 69 centers had for-profit status, and 415 were academic. Overall, the median (IQR) tier 1 trauma activation fee was $9500 ($5601-$17 805), and the mean (SD) tier 1 trauma activation fee was $13 349 ($11 034); these fees ranged from $1000 to $61 734. Median (IQR) trauma activation fees were highest in the West ($18 099 [$10 741-$$27 607]), especially in California, where the median (IQR) activation fee was $24 057 ($15 979-$33 618). Trauma activation fees were also higher at for-profit hospitals, most of which were owned by the HCA Healthcare system, which had 43 trauma centers and a median (IQR) tier 1 trauma activation fee of $29 999 ($20 196-$37 589). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, trauma activation fees varied widely among hospitals in the US. Regional variation in these fees was substantial, with hospitals in the West charging substantially more than those in other locations. In addition, for-profit hospitals charged more than other types of hospitals. These findings suggest that some patients with serious traumatic injuries will incur disproportionately high trauma activation fees depending on the trauma center to which they are brought. Therefore, standardization of trauma activation fees is warranted.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Banning Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for COVID-19 Using In Vitro Data.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Pardinas, B.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Southern Medical Journal, 116(2): 245. February 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekBanningMonoclonalAntibody2023,\n\ttitle = {Banning {Monoclonal} {Antibody} {Therapies} for {COVID}-19 {Using} {In} {Vitro} {Data}},\n\tvolume = {116},\n\tissn = {1541-8243},\n\tdoi = {10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001503},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Southern Medical Journal},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Pardinas, Brittney and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Antibodies, Monoclonal, COVID-19, Humans},\n\tpages = {245},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Discrepancies in Outcomes by Race and Ethnicity in COVID-19 Patients Receiving Casirivimab and Imdevimab.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Bui, J.; Eily, A.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Southern Medical Journal, 116(1): 15–19. January 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekDiscrepanciesOutcomesRace2023,\n\ttitle = {Discrepancies in {Outcomes} by {Race} and {Ethnicity} in {COVID}-19 {Patients} {Receiving} {Casirivimab} and {Imdevimab}},\n\tvolume = {116},\n\tissn = {1541-8243},\n\tdoi = {10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001498},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVES: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported increased rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalizations and deaths in Black and Hispanic individuals. One contributing factor to this may be a difference in access to treatment. We thus sought to compare the outcomes of Black, non-Hispanic patients and Hispanic patients with White, non-Hispanic individuals using a group of patients with COVID-19 who received casirivimab/imdevimab.\nMETHODS: This was a secondary analysis of data from a previously published retrospective chart review of patients who received casirivimab/imdevimab for COVID-19 between December 9, 2020 and August 20, 2021, when they were treated at one of three facilities within a single hospital system. We compared the baseline characteristics (including age, sex, body mass index, duration of symptoms, and vaccination status) and outcomes of Black, non-Hispanic patients and Hispanic patients with those of White, non-Hispanic patients. Our primary outcome was the odds of a return visit to the emergency department (ED) within 28 days of treatment as assessed by multivariate logistic regression. We also assessed the rates of return visits to the ED for symptoms caused by COVID-19, hospitalizations, and hospitalizations from hypoxia.\nRESULTS: In total, 1318 patients received casirivimab/imdevimab for COVID-19 at the three study facilities. Of these, 410 (31.1\\%) identified themselves as White and non-Hispanic, 88 (6.7\\%) as Black and non-Hispanic, and 736 (55.8\\%) as Hispanic. Vaccination rates at the time of treatment were as follows: Black, non-Hispanic 10.2\\%, Hispanic 13.6\\%, and White, non-Hispanic 21.5\\%. On multivariate analysis, the odds of return visits to the ED within 28 days were higher for Black, non-Hispanic patients and Hispanic patients as compared with White, non-Hispanic patients, with odds ratios of 2.8 (95\\% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-5.5, P = 0.003) and of 2.3 (95\\% CI 1.5-3.6, P = 0.0002), respectively. For hospitalizations caused by hypoxia within 28 days of treatment, the adjusted odds ratio for Black, non-Hispanic patients was 3.4 (95\\% CI 1.1-10.5, P = 0.03) as compared with White, non-Hispanic patients. There were no other statistically significant differences among groups in regard to subsequent hospitalizations within 28 days.\nCONCLUSIONS: Black, non-Hispanic patients and Hispanic patients are more likely to make a return visit to the ED within 28 days after casirivimab/imdevimab treatment for COVID-19 as compared with White, non-Hispanic patients. This holds true even when adjusting for higher vaccination rates among White, non-Hispanic individuals.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Southern Medical Journal},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Bui, Joseph and Eily, Alyssa and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antibodies, Neutralizing, COVID-19, Drug Combinations, Ethnicity, Humans, Retrospective Studies},\n\tpages = {15--19},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n OBJECTIVES: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported increased rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalizations and deaths in Black and Hispanic individuals. One contributing factor to this may be a difference in access to treatment. We thus sought to compare the outcomes of Black, non-Hispanic patients and Hispanic patients with White, non-Hispanic individuals using a group of patients with COVID-19 who received casirivimab/imdevimab. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of data from a previously published retrospective chart review of patients who received casirivimab/imdevimab for COVID-19 between December 9, 2020 and August 20, 2021, when they were treated at one of three facilities within a single hospital system. We compared the baseline characteristics (including age, sex, body mass index, duration of symptoms, and vaccination status) and outcomes of Black, non-Hispanic patients and Hispanic patients with those of White, non-Hispanic patients. Our primary outcome was the odds of a return visit to the emergency department (ED) within 28 days of treatment as assessed by multivariate logistic regression. We also assessed the rates of return visits to the ED for symptoms caused by COVID-19, hospitalizations, and hospitalizations from hypoxia. RESULTS: In total, 1318 patients received casirivimab/imdevimab for COVID-19 at the three study facilities. Of these, 410 (31.1%) identified themselves as White and non-Hispanic, 88 (6.7%) as Black and non-Hispanic, and 736 (55.8%) as Hispanic. Vaccination rates at the time of treatment were as follows: Black, non-Hispanic 10.2%, Hispanic 13.6%, and White, non-Hispanic 21.5%. On multivariate analysis, the odds of return visits to the ED within 28 days were higher for Black, non-Hispanic patients and Hispanic patients as compared with White, non-Hispanic patients, with odds ratios of 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-5.5, P = 0.003) and of 2.3 (95% CI 1.5-3.6, P = 0.0002), respectively. For hospitalizations caused by hypoxia within 28 days of treatment, the adjusted odds ratio for Black, non-Hispanic patients was 3.4 (95% CI 1.1-10.5, P = 0.03) as compared with White, non-Hispanic patients. There were no other statistically significant differences among groups in regard to subsequent hospitalizations within 28 days. CONCLUSIONS: Black, non-Hispanic patients and Hispanic patients are more likely to make a return visit to the ED within 28 days after casirivimab/imdevimab treatment for COVID-19 as compared with White, non-Hispanic patients. This holds true even when adjusting for higher vaccination rates among White, non-Hispanic individuals.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Utility of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Could It Be Useful?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; Smith, M.; Tran, L.; and Farrow, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 24(4): 793. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Utility$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{shalabyUtilitySupraclavicularBrachial2023,\n\ttitle = {Utility of {Supraclavicular} {Brachial} {Plexus} {Block} for {Anterior} {Shoulder} {Dislocation}: {Could} {It} {Be} {Useful}?},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tshorttitle = {Utility of {Supraclavicular} {Brachial} {Plexus} {Block} for {Anterior} {Shoulder} {Dislocation}},\n\turl = {https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10393458/},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Western Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, Michael and Smith, Melissa and Tran, Lam and Farrow, Robert},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {793},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound‐Guided Trigger Point Injections for the Treatment of Neck and Back Pain in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Trial.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Farrow, R. A.; Newberry, M.; Zitek, T.; Farrow, J.; Mechanic, O. J.; and Rosselli, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 42(5): 1023–1032. May 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ultrasound‐Guided$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{farrowUltrasoundGuidedTriggerPoint2023,\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound‐{Guided} {Trigger} {Point} {Injections} for the {Treatment} of {Neck} and {Back} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Randomized} {Trial}},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tissn = {0278-4297, 1550-9613},\n\tshorttitle = {Ultrasound‐{Guided} {Trigger} {Point} {Injections} for the {Treatment} of {Neck} and {Back} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jum.16113},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/jum.16113},\n\tabstract = {Objectives\n              Patients frequently present to the emergency department (ED) with neck or back pain, which can be difficult to treat. We sought to compare ultrasound‐guided trigger point injection (TPI) to standard medications for patients with neck or back pain.\n            \n            \n              Methods\n              We performed a single‐center, open label, randomized controlled trial on ED patients with neck or back pain from myofascial pain syndrome comparing ultrasound‐guided TPIs to those who received the combination of a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a muscle relaxant (MR). The primary outcome of this study was the reduction in mean pain score at the time of ED disposition.\n            \n            \n              Results\n              \n                In total, we analyzed 196 patients. At the time of ED disposition, patients in the TPI group had a mean reduction in their pain scores of 45.0 mm as compared to 49.9 mm in the NSAID plus MR group (difference: 4.9 [95\\% confidence interval (CI) −3.0 to 12.7],\n                P\n                 = .22). At the first reassessment, patients in the TPI group had greater pain reduction by 10.7 mm (95\\% CI 3.1 to 18.4). The rate of rescue therapy use was higher in the NSAID plus MR group (difference: 17.5\\% [95\\% CI 4.4 to 36.2]).\n              \n            \n            \n              Conclusions\n              We found no difference in pain reduction at the time of ED disposition between patients randomized to the ultrasound‐guided TPI group as compared to those who received an NSAID plus a MR. However, patients in the TPI group had greater pain reduction at the time of first reassessment and lower rates of rescue therapy use.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Farrow, Robert A. and Newberry, Mark and Zitek, Tony and Farrow, Jackie and Mechanic, Oren J. and Rosselli, Michael},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {1023--1032},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cerebellar Infarction from a Vertebral Artery Dissection after Blunt Chest Injury: A Case Report.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lamour, D.; Solano, J. J.; Rutherford, J.; and Alter, S. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 7(4). October 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Cerebellar$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{lamourCerebellarInfarctionVertebral2023,\n\ttitle = {Cerebellar {Infarction} from a {Vertebral} {Artery} {Dissection} after {Blunt} {Chest} {Injury}: {A} {Case} {Report}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {2474-252X},\n\tshorttitle = {Cerebellar {Infarction} from a {Vertebral} {Artery} {Dissection} after {Blunt} {Chest} {Injury}},\n\turl = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v81b392},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/CPCEM.1301},\n\tabstract = {Introduction: Traumatic vertebral artery dissections resulting in stroke are relatively rare occurrences, especially in the absence of classic physical examination ﬁndings.Case Report: We present the case of a 30-year-old male with chest pain following a car axle falling onto his chest while trying to change a tire. He was discharged from the emergency department after having a negative workup for thoracic injury. Six hours later, the patient returned with headache and was found to have a cerebellar stroke secondary to vertebral artery dissection. After hospitalization, the patient was discharged home without any neurological deﬁcits.Conclusion: As they are usually asymptomatic, up to 80\\% of patients with blunt cerebrovascular injury will have delayed or missed diagnoses. Given the increased awareness of vascular injuries and their high morbidity, physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Lamour, Daniella and Solano, Joshua J. and Rutherford, Jovana and Alter, Scott M.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 157 An Assessment of the Prevalence of Clostridium Tetani in the Environment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; Catenazzi, A.; Smith, M.; Farrow, R.; and Farcy, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 82(4): S68. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"157$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{shalaby157AssessmentPrevalence2023,\n\ttitle = {157 {An} {Assessment} of the {Prevalence} of {Clostridium} {Tetani} in the {Environment}},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\turl = {https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(23)00835-1/abstract},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, M. and Catenazzi, A. and Smith, M. and Farrow, R. and Farcy, D.},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {S68},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2022\n \n \n (15)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Administration of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies After US Food and Drug Administration Deauthorization.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Anderson, T. S.; O'Donoghue, A.; Mechanic, O.; Dechen, T.; and Stevens, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JAMA network open, 5(8): e2228997. August 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{andersonAdministrationAntiSARSCoV2Monoclonal2022,\n\ttitle = {Administration of {Anti}-{SARS}-{CoV}-2 {Monoclonal} {Antibodies} {After} {US} {Food} and {Drug} {Administration} {Deauthorization}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2574-3805},\n\tdoi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.28997},\n\tabstract = {This cross-sectional study uses time-series data to evaluate the administration of bamlanivimab-etesevimab and casirivimab-imdevimab monoclonal antibody treatments for SARS-CoV-2 infection after the US Food and Drug Administration deauthorized their use in early 2022.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tjournal = {JAMA network open},\n\tauthor = {Anderson, Timothy S. and O'Donoghue, Ashley and Mechanic, Oren and Dechen, Tenzin and Stevens, Jennifer},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Viral, COVID-19, Humans, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration},\n\tpages = {e2228997},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of Telehealth Visit Attendance After Implementation of a Patient Navigator Program.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mechanic, O. J.; Lee, E. M.; Sheehan, H. M.; Dechen, T.; O'Donoghue, A. L.; Anderson, T. S.; Annas, C.; Harvey, L. B.; Perkins, A. A.; Severo, M. A.; Stevens, J. P.; and Kimball, A. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JAMA network open, 5(12): e2245615. December 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{mechanicEvaluationTelehealthVisit2022,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of {Telehealth} {Visit} {Attendance} {After} {Implementation} of a {Patient} {Navigator} {Program}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2574-3805},\n\tdoi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.45615},\n\tabstract = {IMPORTANCE: The dramatic rise in use of telehealth accelerated by COVID-19 created new telehealth-specific challenges as patients and clinicians adapted to technical aspects of video visits.\nOBJECTIVE: To evaluate a telehealth patient navigator pilot program to assist patients in overcoming barriers to video visit access.\nDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This quality improvement study investigated visit attendance outcomes among those who received navigator outreach (intervention group) compared with those who did not (comparator group) at 2 US academic primary care clinics during a 12-week study period from April to July 2021. Eligible participants had a scheduled video visit without previous successful telehealth visits.\nINTERVENTIONS: The navigator contacted patients with next-day scheduled video appointments by phone to offer technical assistance and answer questions on accessing the appointment.\nMAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was appointment attendance following the intervention. Return on investment (ROI) accounting for increased clinic adherence and costs of implementation was examined as a secondary outcome.\nRESULTS: A total 4066 patients had video appointments scheduled (2553 [62.8\\%] women; median [IQR] age: intervention, 55 years [38-66 years] vs comparator, 52 years [36-66 years]; P = .02). Patients who received the navigator intervention had significantly increased odds of attending their appointments (odds ratio, 2.0; 95\\% CI, 1.6-2.6) when compared with the comparator group, with an absolute increase of 9\\% in appointment attendance for the navigator group (949 of 1035 patients [91.6\\%] vs 2511 of 3031 patients [82.8\\%]). The program's ROI was \\$11 387 over the 12-week period.\nCONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this quality improvement study, we found that a telehealth navigator program was associated with significant improvement in video visit adherence with a net financial gain. Our findings have relevance for efforts to reduce barriers to telehealth-based health care and increase equity.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\tjournal = {JAMA network open},\n\tauthor = {Mechanic, Oren J. and Lee, Emma M. and Sheehan, Heidi M. and Dechen, Tenzin and O'Donoghue, Ashley L. and Anderson, Timothy S. and Annas, Catherine and Harvey, Leanne B. and Perkins, Allison A. and Severo, Michael A. and Stevens, Jennifer P. and Kimball, Alexa B.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {COVID-19, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Navigation},\n\tpages = {e2245615},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n IMPORTANCE: The dramatic rise in use of telehealth accelerated by COVID-19 created new telehealth-specific challenges as patients and clinicians adapted to technical aspects of video visits. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a telehealth patient navigator pilot program to assist patients in overcoming barriers to video visit access. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This quality improvement study investigated visit attendance outcomes among those who received navigator outreach (intervention group) compared with those who did not (comparator group) at 2 US academic primary care clinics during a 12-week study period from April to July 2021. Eligible participants had a scheduled video visit without previous successful telehealth visits. INTERVENTIONS: The navigator contacted patients with next-day scheduled video appointments by phone to offer technical assistance and answer questions on accessing the appointment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was appointment attendance following the intervention. Return on investment (ROI) accounting for increased clinic adherence and costs of implementation was examined as a secondary outcome. RESULTS: A total 4066 patients had video appointments scheduled (2553 [62.8%] women; median [IQR] age: intervention, 55 years [38-66 years] vs comparator, 52 years [36-66 years]; P = .02). Patients who received the navigator intervention had significantly increased odds of attending their appointments (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.6) when compared with the comparator group, with an absolute increase of 9% in appointment attendance for the navigator group (949 of 1035 patients [91.6%] vs 2511 of 3031 patients [82.8%]). The program's ROI was $11 387 over the 12-week period. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this quality improvement study, we found that a telehealth navigator program was associated with significant improvement in video visit adherence with a net financial gain. Our findings have relevance for efforts to reduce barriers to telehealth-based health care and increase equity.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A Case of Transvaginal Small Bowel Evisceration following Hysterectomy with Discussion of Emergency Department Diagnosis and Management.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Apicella, M.; Mayrink, M.; Rajadhyaksha, C. D.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Case Reports in Emergency Medicine, 2022: 1334302. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{apicellaCaseTransvaginalSmall2022,\n\ttitle = {A {Case} of {Transvaginal} {Small} {Bowel} {Evisceration} following {Hysterectomy} with {Discussion} of {Emergency} {Department} {Diagnosis} and {Management}},\n\tvolume = {2022},\n\tissn = {2090-648X},\n\tdoi = {10.1155/2022/1334302},\n\tabstract = {Transvaginal small bowel evisceration is a rare surgical emergency that requires urgent surgery to prevent bowel necrosis, sepsis, and death. It was first reported in 1864 by Hyernaux with less than 100 cases reported since the original publication. The overall mortality rate is reported as 5.6 percent. We present the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of moderate abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding for 1 hour. The patient reported that she underwent a robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy 11 weeks prior for uterine fibroids. Visual examination revealed a loop of the small bowel coming from the superior aspect of her vagina. Literature reviews have noted a higher incidence of dehiscence following robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy. It is important for the emergency physician to make the diagnosis, initiate prompt consultation with departments of obstetrics and gynecology and general surgery, and treat for potential infection.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Case Reports in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Apicella, Matthew and Mayrink, Maximiliano and Rajadhyaksha, Chetan D. and Farcy, David A.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {1334302},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Assessment and Management of Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) in the Emergency Department: Current Perspectives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Weber, L.; Pinzon, D.; and Warren, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Open access emergency medicine: OAEM, 14: 25–34. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekAssessmentManagementImmune2022,\n\ttitle = {Assessment and {Management} of {Immune} {Thrombocytopenia} ({ITP}) in the {Emergency} {Department}: {Current} {Perspectives}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1179-1500},\n\tshorttitle = {Assessment and {Management} of {Immune} {Thrombocytopenia} ({ITP}) in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\tdoi = {10.2147/OAEM.S331675},\n\tabstract = {Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized by a platelet count less than 100 × 10{\\textasciicircum}9/L without anemia or leukopenia. Patients with ITP may be asymptomatic, or they may have mild bleeding like petechiae, purpura, or epistaxis. In rare cases, they may present to the emergency department (ED) with life-threatening bleeding as a result of their thrombocytopenia. The emergency physician should thus be prepared to diagnose ITP and treat the bleeding that can result from it. The diagnosis of ITP requires excluding secondary causes of thrombocytopenia, and in the ED, the bare minimum workup for ITP includes a complete blood count and a peripheral blood smear. The peripheral blood smear should show a small number of large platelets with normal morphology, and there should not be an increased number of schistocytes. Many patients with ITP require no emergent treatment. However, if a patient with suspected ITP presents to the ED with critical hemorrhage, the emergency physician should initiate treatment with a platelet transfusion, corticosteroids, and intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) as soon as possible. For less severe bleeding, platelet transfusions are not recommended, and the treatment consists of corticosteroids by themselves or in conjunction with IVIG.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Open access emergency medicine: OAEM},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Weber, Luke and Pinzon, Dominique and Warren, Nicole},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {ITP, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment},\n\tpages = {25--34},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Intra-Articular Lidocaine versus Procedural Sedation for Shoulder Dislocation Reduction: A Randomized Trial.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Koneri, N.; Georges, N.; and Slane, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock, 15(3): 135–138. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekIntraArticularLidocaineProcedural2022,\n\ttitle = {Intra-{Articular} {Lidocaine} versus {Procedural} {Sedation} for {Shoulder} {Dislocation} {Reduction}: {A} {Randomized} {Trial}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {0974-2700},\n\tshorttitle = {Intra-{Articular} {Lidocaine} versus {Procedural} {Sedation} for {Shoulder} {Dislocation} {Reduction}},\n\tdoi = {10.4103/jets.jets_49_22},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Two common ways of providing anesthesia for shoulder dislocation reductions in the emergency department (ED) are intra-articular lidocaine (IAL) injections and procedural sedation (PS). We sought to compare PS with propofol or etomidate to IAL for shoulder dislocation reductions in the ED.\nMETHODS: This was an open-label, randomized controlled trial of patients aged 18-70 years with anterior shoulder dislocations who presented to a single ED. We randomized patients to either PS or IAL for their shoulder dislocation reduction. The primary outcome measure was ED length of stay (LOS). Secondarily, we assessed patient satisfaction and the number of attempts required for successful reduction.\nRESULTS: We identified 60 patients who met the criteria for enrollment, and were able to enroll 43. We randomized 23 patients to IAL and 20 to PS. In the IAL group, the mean ED LOS was 133 min as compared to 124 min for the PS group (difference 9 min [95\\% confidence interval (CI)-22-41], P = 0.54). Patients in the IAL group required an average of 1.9 reduction attempts as compared to 1.2 in the PS group (difference of 0.7 [95\\% CI 0.2-1.2]). The mean patient satisfaction scores were similar at 9.7 and 9.8 for the IAL and PS groups, respectively.\nCONCLUSIONS: This study lacked a sufficient sample size to detect small differences but found no statistically significant difference in mean ED LOS or patient satisfaction for patients who received IAL as compared to PS. Patients in the PS group required fewer attempts for successful reduction.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Koneri, Nicholas and Georges, Nikkitta and Slane, Matthew},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Intra-articular injection, procedural sedation, shoulder dislocation},\n\tpages = {135--138},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A Scoping Literature Review of Simulation Training Program Curriculum Standards.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n O'Rourke, J.; Brown, M.; Elias, M. E.; Podolej, G. S.; Cardell, A.; Golden, A.; Gurevich-Gal, R.; Roszczynialski, K. N.; Tayeb, B.; and Wong, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Simulation in Healthcare: Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, 17(4): 264–269. August 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{orourkeScopingLiteratureReview2022,\n\ttitle = {A {Scoping} {Literature} {Review} of {Simulation} {Training} {Program} {Curriculum} {Standards}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1559-713X},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/SIH.0000000000000606},\n\tabstract = {Simulation educator training is well supported in the literature and endorsed by the Society of Simulation in Healthcare as well as the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning. Despite growth of domestic and international training programs, there is a lack of consensus regarding curriculum standards. Our aim was to identify core curricular components of comprehensive simulation training programs. A scoping literature review of all relevant publications from 2000 to 2020 was conducted using a 6-step design. A team of 10 multidisciplinary, international simulation educators independently reviewed all citations with discrepancies resolved by third-person review. Of the initial 320 identified unique publications, a total of 15 articles were included, all published within the last 6 years. Four themes were identified: domains (n = 6), competencies (n = 3), objectives (n = 8), and other characteristics (n = 3). The findings support a greater understanding of the core curricular content across simulation training programs to support standardization.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Simulation in Healthcare: Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare},\n\tauthor = {O'Rourke, Jenny and Brown, Michelle and Elias, Mary Ellen and Podolej, Gregory S. and Cardell, Annemarie and Golden, Antoinette and Gurevich-Gal, Raya and Roszczynialski, Kelly N. and Tayeb, Baraa and Wong, Nelson},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Clinical Competence, Curriculum, Humans, Reference Standards, Simulation Training},\n\tpages = {264--269},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Vaccinated patients have reduced rates of hospitalization after receiving casirivimab and imdevimab for COVID-19.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Jodoin, K.; Kheradia, T.; Napolillo, R.; Dalley, M. T.; Quenzer, F.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 56: 370–371. June 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekVaccinatedPatientsHave2022,\n\ttitle = {Vaccinated patients have reduced rates of hospitalization after receiving casirivimab and imdevimab for {COVID}-19},\n\tvolume = {56},\n\tissn = {1532-8171},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2021.10.044},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Jodoin, Kathleen and Kheradia, Tarang and Napolillo, Ryan and Dalley, Michael T. and Quenzer, Faith and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, COVID-19, Casirivimab/imdevimab, Hospitalization, Humans, Monoclonal antibodies, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination},\n\tpages = {370--371},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A Comparison of SARS-COV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Therapies in High-Risk Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Disease at a Single Academic Hospital.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Farcy, D. A.; Dalley, M. T.; Miro, G.; Swalley, P.; Sherman, D.; Nash, J.; Jodoin, K.; Cubeddu, L. X.; Zitek, T.; and Goldszer, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 62(1): 83–91. January 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{farcyComparisonSARSCOV2Neutralizing2022,\n\ttitle = {A {Comparison} of {SARS}-{COV}-2 {Neutralizing} {Antibody} {Therapies} in {High}-{Risk} {Patients} with {Mild} to {Moderate} {COVID}-19 {Disease} at a {Single} {Academic} {Hospital}},\n\tvolume = {62},\n\tissn = {0736-4679},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.07.025},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Bamlanivimab and casirivimab/imdevimab are recombinant neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that decrease viral load in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can decrease hospitalizations. Few data exist comparing these two therapies.\nOBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab and casirivimab/imdevimab in emergency department (ED) patients with COVID-19 who met criteria for monoclonal antibody therapy.\nMETHODS: We performed a single-center, open-label, prospective study in adult ED patients with confirmed COVID-19 and high-risk features for hospitalization. Enrolled patients received bamlanivimab or casirivimab/imdevimab, depending on the day of the week that they arrived. We observed patients for post-infusion-related reactions and contacted them on days 5, 10, and 30. The primary outcome was the number of hospitalizations through day 30. In addition, we compared groups with regard to return visits to the ED, symptom improvement, antibody-induced adverse events, and deaths.\nRESULTS: Between December 17, 2020 and January 17, 2021, 321 patients completed the study. We found no statistically significant difference in the rate of subsequent hospitalization between groups (bamlanivimab: n = 18 of 201 [8.9\\%] and casirivimab/imdevimab: n = 13 of 120 [10.8\\%]; p = 0.57). In addition, we found no statistically significant differences between groups regarding return visits to the ED or symptom improvement. One patient had a possible adverse reaction to the treatment, and 1 patient died. Both of these events occurred in the bamlanivimab group.\nCONCLUSIONS: We found no statistically significant differences in rates of subsequent hospitalization or other outcomes for ED patients with COVID-19 when they received bamlanivimab as opposed to casirivimab/imdevimab. Adverse events were rare in both groups.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Farcy, David A. and Dalley, Michael T. and Miro, Grethel and Swalley, Paige and Sherman, Dana and Nash, Joel and Jodoin, Kathleen and Cubeddu, Luigi X. and Zitek, Tony and Goldszer, Robert},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antibodies, Neutralizing, COVID-19, Hospitals, Humans, LY-CoV555, Prospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, bamlanivimab, casirivimab/imdevimab, REGN-CoV-2, monoclonal antibodies},\n\tpages = {83--91},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A Retrospective Analysis of Serum D-Dimer Levels for the Exclusion of Acute Aortic Dissection.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Hashemi, M.; Zagroba, S.; and Slane, V. H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Open access emergency medicine: OAEM, 14: 367–373. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekRetrospectiveAnalysisSerum2022,\n\ttitle = {A {Retrospective} {Analysis} of {Serum} {D}-{Dimer} {Levels} for the {Exclusion} of {Acute} {Aortic} {Dissection}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1179-1500},\n\tdoi = {10.2147/OAEM.S373335},\n\tabstract = {PURPOSE: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a highly fatal disorder if not promptly diagnosed. Some international studies have suggested that serum d-dimer levels may be used to exclude AAD, but data are limited. We sought to confirm that d-dimer levels are elevated in American patients with AAD. Additionally, we sought to estimate the test characteristics of the d-dimer for AAD.\nPATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients in the Hospital Corporation of America database who arrived at the hospital between 2015 and 2019. We queried the database to find patients who had a diagnosis of AAD or (nonspecific) chest pain, and who also had a d-dimer performed within 24 hours of arrival at the hospital. The median d-dimer was compared in those diagnosed with AAD versus chest pain. We estimated the test characteristics of d-dimer for AAD at the standard cutoff value of 500 ng/mL.\nRESULTS: In total, 48,902 patients met the criteria for analysis, including 572 with AAD and 48,330 with chest pain. The median d-dimers were 2455 ng/mL and 385 ng/mL for the AAD and chest pain groups, respectively (p {\\textless} 0.0001). Using a cutoff of 500 ng/mL, the sensitivity of the d-dimer was 91.1\\% and the specificity was 71.4\\%.\nCONCLUSION: Serum d-dimer values are higher in patients with AAD than in those with nonspecific chest pain. At the standard cutoff of 500 ng/mL, the serum d-dimer has a high sensitivity for AAD, but not high enough that d-dimer levels alone can be used in isolation to exclude AAD.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Open access emergency medicine: OAEM},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Hashemi, Mani and Zagroba, Sara and Slane, Valori H.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {aorta, d-dimer, diagnosis, dissection},\n\tpages = {367--373},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Developing Telemedicine Curriculum Competencies for Graduate Medical Education: Outcomes of a Modified Delphi Process.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hart, A.; Romney, D.; Sarin, R.; Mechanic, O.; Hertelendy, A. J.; Larson, D.; Rhone, K.; Sidel, K.; Voskanyan, A.; and Ciottone, G. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 97(4): 577–585. April 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hartDevelopingTelemedicineCurriculum2022,\n\ttitle = {Developing {Telemedicine} {Curriculum} {Competencies} for {Graduate} {Medical} {Education}: {Outcomes} of a {Modified} {Delphi} {Process}},\n\tvolume = {97},\n\tissn = {1938-808X},\n\tshorttitle = {Developing {Telemedicine} {Curriculum} {Competencies} for {Graduate} {Medical} {Education}},\n\tdoi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000004463},\n\tabstract = {PURPOSE: Telemedical applications have only recently begun to coalesce into the field of telemedicine due to varying definitions of telemedicine and issues around reimbursement. This process has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing expansion of telemedicine delivery. This article demonstrates the development of a set of proposed competencies for a telemedicine curriculum in graduate medical education.\nMETHOD: A modified Delphi process was used to create a panel of competencies. This included a systematic review of the telemedicine literature through November 2019 to create an initial set of competencies, which were analyzed and edited by a focus group of experts in January 2020. Initial competencies were distributed in a series of 3 rounds of surveys to a group of 23 experts for comments and rating from April to August 2020. Competencies that obtained a score of 4.0 or greater on a 5-point Likert scale in at least 2 rounds were recommended.\nRESULTS: Fifty-five competencies were developed based on the systematic review. A further 32 were added by the expert group for a total of 87. After 3 rounds of surveys, 34 competencies reached the recommendation threshold. These were 10 systems-based practice competencies, 7 professionalism, 6 patient care, 4 practice-based learning and improvement, 4 interpersonal and communication skills, and 3 medical knowledge competencies.\nCONCLUSIONS: Half (17/34) of the competencies approved by the focus group and surveyed expert panel pertained to either systems-based practice or professionalism. Both categories exhibit more variation between telemedicine and in-person practice than other categories. The authors offer a set of proposed educational competencies that can be used in the development of curricula for a wide range of providers and are based on the best evidence and expert opinion available.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges},\n\tauthor = {Hart, Alexander and Romney, Douglas and Sarin, Ritu and Mechanic, Oren and Hertelendy, Attila J. and Larson, Deanna and Rhone, Kelly and Sidel, Kristi and Voskanyan, Amalia and Ciottone, Gregory R.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {COVID-19, Clinical Competence, Curriculum, Delphi Technique, Education, Medical, Graduate, Humans, Pandemics, Telemedicine},\n\tpages = {577--585},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Young Patient After Drowning.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lamour, D.; Turchiaro, M. L.; Clayton, L. M.; and Solano, J. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 79(6): 570–578. June 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Young$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{lamourYoungPatientDrowning2022,\n\ttitle = {Young {Patient} {After} {Drowning}},\n\tvolume = {79},\n\tissn = {01960644},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196064422000075},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.01.007},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Lamour, Daniella and Turchiaro, Michael L. and Clayton, Lisa M. and Solano, Joshua J.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {570--578},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound-guided retroclavicular approach to the infraclavicular region (RAPTIR) brachial plexus block for anterior shoulder reduction.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yu, M.; Shalaby, M.; Luftig, J.; Cooper, M.; and Farrow, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of emergency medicine, 63(1): 83–87. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Ultrasound-guided$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{yuUltrasoundguidedRetroclavicularApproach2022,\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound-guided retroclavicular approach to the infraclavicular region ({RAPTIR}) brachial plexus block for anterior shoulder reduction},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467922002888},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of emergency medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Yu, Melissa and Shalaby, Michael and Luftig, Josh and Cooper, Maxwell and Farrow, Robert},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {83--87},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The use of additional imaging studies after biliary point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Fernandez, S.; Newberry, M. A.; De Oca, R. M.; Kinas, D.; Kheradia, T.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Emergency Radiology, 30(1): 19–26. October 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"The$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekUseAdditionalImaging2022,\n\ttitle = {The use of additional imaging studies after biliary point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {1438-1435},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10140-022-02095-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10140-022-02095-5},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Emergency Radiology},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Fernandez, Stephanie and Newberry, Mark A. and De Oca, Roman Montes and Kinas, David and Kheradia, Tarang and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {19--26},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Point of care ultrasound needle guidance to assist diagnosis of acute gluteal compartment syndrome.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Puebla, D. L.; Apicella, M.; Mechanic, O. J.; and Farrow II, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 62: 147–e5. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Point$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{pueblaPointCareUltrasound2022,\n\ttitle = {Point of care ultrasound needle guidance to assist diagnosis of acute gluteal compartment syndrome},\n\tvolume = {62},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675722005770},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Puebla, Daniel L. and Apicella, Matthew and Mechanic, Oren J. and Farrow II, Robert A.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {147--e5},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 311 Ultrasound-Guided Trigger Point Injections for the Treatment of Neck and Back Pain in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Trial.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Farrow, R.; Newberry, M.; Zitek, T.; Farrow, J.; Mechanic, O.; and Rosselli, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 80(4): S133. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"311$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{farrow311UltrasoundGuidedTrigger2022,\n\ttitle = {311 {Ultrasound}-{Guided} {Trigger} {Point} {Injections} for the {Treatment} of {Neck} and {Back} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Randomized} {Trial}},\n\tvolume = {80},\n\tshorttitle = {311 {Ultrasound}-{Guided} {Trigger} {Point} {Injections} for the {Treatment} of {Neck} and {Back} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(22)00927-1/abstract},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Farrow, R. and Newberry, M. and Zitek, T. and Farrow, J. and Mechanic, O. and Rosselli, M.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {S133},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2021\n \n \n (7)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Removing a metallic corneal foreign body with a magnet.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Dichter, S.; Valenzuela, D.; and Seda, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 45: 555–556. July 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{zitekRemovingMetallicCorneal2021,\n\ttitle = {Removing a metallic corneal foreign body with a magnet},\n\tvolume = {45},\n\tissn = {1532-8171},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.051},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Dichter, Sarah and Valenzuela, Daniela and Seda, Jesus},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Corneal Injuries, Corneal foreign body, Emergency Service, Hospital, Equipment Design, Foreign Bodies, Humans, Magnet, Magnets, Male, Metals, Middle Aged},\n\tpages = {555--556},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Developing a pulse oximetry home monitoring protocol for patients suspected with COVID-19 after emergency department discharge.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gootenberg, D. B; Kurtzman, N.; O’Mara, T.; Ge, J. Y; Chiu, D.; Shapiro, N. I; Mechanic, O. J; and Dagan, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BMJ Health & Care Informatics, 28(1): e100330. July 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Developing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{gootenbergDevelopingPulseOximetry2021,\n\ttitle = {Developing a pulse oximetry home monitoring protocol for patients suspected with {COVID}-19 after emergency department discharge},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {2632-1009},\n\turl = {https://informatics.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100330},\n\tdoi = {10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100330},\n\tabstract = {Objectives\n              Patients with COVID-19 can present to the emergency department (ED) without immediate indication for admission, but with concern for decompensation. Clinical experience has demonstrated that critical illness may present later in the disease course and hypoxia is often the first indication of disease progression. The objectives of this study are to (a) assess feasibility and describe a protocol for ED-based outpatient pulse-oximetry monitoring with structured follow-up and (b) determine rates of ED return, hospitalisation and hypoxia among participants.\n            \n            \n              Methods\n              Prospective observational study of patients presenting to a single academic ED in Boston with suspected COVID-19. Eligible patients were adults being discharged from the ED with presumed COVID-19. Exclusion criteria included resting oxygen saturation {\\textless}92\\%, ambulatory oxygen saturation {\\textless}90\\%, heart rate {\\textgreater}110 beats per minute or inability to use the device. Study personnel made scripted phone calls on postdischarge days 1, 3 and 7 to review the pulse-oximetry readings and to evaluate for decompensation. Return visit and admission information were collected via medical record and 28-day follow-up calls.\n            \n            \n              Results\n              81 patients were enrolled of which 10 (12\\%) developed hypoxia after their initial discharge from the ED. Overall, 23 (28\\%) of the 81 patients returned to the ED at least once and 10 of those who returned (43\\%) were admitted. We successfully contacted 76/81 (94\\%) of subjects via phone at least once for follow-up assessment.\n            \n            \n              Discussion\n              Patients are eager and willing to participate in home monitoring systems and are comfortable with using technology, which will allow providers and health systems to extend our hospitals capabilities for tracking patient populations in times of crisis.\n            \n            \n              Conclusions\n              It is feasible to implement an outpatient pulse-oximetry monitoring protocol to monitor patients discharged from the ED with confirmed or suspected COVID-19.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2026-08-27},\n\tjournal = {BMJ Health \\& Care Informatics},\n\tauthor = {Gootenberg, David B and Kurtzman, Nicholas and O’Mara, Thomas and Ge, Jennifer Y and Chiu, David and Shapiro, Nathan I and Mechanic, Oren J and Dagan, Alon},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {e100330},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n An analysis of social determinants of health and structural competency training in global emergency medicine fellowship programs in the United States.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grossman, L. G.; Mechanic, O. J.; Orr, Z.; Cioe-Peña, E. C.; Landry, A.; Unger, S.; Greenstein, J.; and Alpert, E. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n AEM education and training, 5(Suppl 1): S28–S32. September 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{grossmanAnalysisSocialDeterminants2021,\n\ttitle = {An analysis of social determinants of health and structural competency training in global emergency medicine fellowship programs in the {United} {States}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2472-5390},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/aet2.10660},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Clinicians must be aware of the structural forces that affect their patients to appropriately address their unique health care needs. This study aimed to assess the participation of global emergency medicine (GEM) fellowship programs in formal social determinants of health (SDH) and structural competency (SC) training to evaluate the existence and procedures of such programs.\nMETHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted with a short, online survey with questions regarding the presence of curriculum focused on SDH, SC, educational metrics, and the desire for further formal training in this domain was sent to all 25 GEM fellowship directors through the Global Emergency Medicine Fellowship Consortium (GEMFC) email listserv.\nRESULTS: Eighty percent (20/25) of GEM fellowship directors responded to the survey. All (20/20) of participating fellowship programs included SDH and SC training in their didactic curriculum, and eight of 20 (40\\%) programs offered similar training for faculty. Additionally, 19 of 20 (95\\%) of respondents indicated interest in an open-source tool for emergency medicine (EM) fellowship training in SDH and SC.\nCONCLUSIONS: While multiple GEM programs offer formal training on SDH and SC, gaps exist regarding similar training for faculty. Additionally, there is a lack of metrics to determine fellows' comfort with the content of this training. As a majority of GEMFC programs requested, an open-source tool would allow a uniform curriculum and measurement of EM fellowship training in SDH and SC.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {Suppl 1},\n\tjournal = {AEM education and training},\n\tauthor = {Grossman, Lindsay G. and Mechanic, Oren J. and Orr, Zvika and Cioe-Peña, Eric C. and Landry, Alden and Unger, Shifra and Greenstein, Josh and Alpert, Evan Avraham},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {S28--S32},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Can a low-cost exercise monitor provide useful heart rate monitoring for use in low-resource emergency departments?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n O'Mara, T. A.; Hoz, M. A. d. l.; Mechanic, O. J.; and Dagan, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine, 8(3): 201–206. September 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{omaraCanLowcostExercise2021,\n\ttitle = {Can a low-cost exercise monitor provide useful heart rate monitoring for use in low-resource emergency departments?},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {2383-4625},\n\tdoi = {10.15441/ceem.20.128},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to study the clinical monitoring capabilities of a low-cost fitness wristband while measuring patient satisfaction with a mobility permitting device in the emergency department.\nMETHODS: Patients enrolled were on continuous three-lead telemetry monitoring in a high acuity zone of the emergency department. Patients were given a fitness band to wear while simultaneously monitored with standard three-lead monitor. A brief survey was conducted upon study end, and data was compared between wristband and three-lead telemetry. Median heart rate (HR) values were calculated, a Bland-Altman plot was generated, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated for comparison of the formal telemetry and the inexpensive wristband.\nRESULTS: Thirty-four patients with an average age of 61.5 years were enrolled. From June to October 2019, over 100 hours of data were collected. In comparison for comfort, participants scored 9.5 of 10, preferring wristband over telemetry. Using a correlation coefficient graph, we found a significant disparity of HR readings within a telemetry range of 40 to 140 beats/min. An R-value of 0.36 was detected. Using a Bland-Altman plot, we observed a significant difference in HR between the telemetry monitor and the wristband. The sensitivity and specificity of the wristband to detect bradycardia (HR {\\textless}60 beats/min) were 76\\% and 86\\%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of the wristband to detect tachycardia (HR {\\textgreater}100 beats/min) were 92\\% and 51\\%, respectively.\nCONCLUSION: Inexpensive fitness bands cannot be a suitable tool for monitoring patient's HR because of inaccuracy in detecting bradycardia or tachycardia.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {O'Mara, Thomas A. and Hoz, Miguel Armengol de la and Mechanic, Oren J. and Dagan, Alon},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Fitness trackers, Global health, Internet of things, Monitoring, physiologic, Telemedicine},\n\tpages = {201--206},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Telehealth Use by Age and Race at a Single Academic Medical Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Cohort Study.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stevens, J. P.; Mechanic, O.; Markson, L.; O'Donoghue, A.; and Kimball, A. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(5): e23905. May 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{stevensTelehealthUseAge2021,\n\ttitle = {Telehealth {Use} by {Age} and {Race} at a {Single} {Academic} {Medical} {Center} {During} the {COVID}-19 {Pandemic}: {Retrospective} {Cohort} {Study}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {1438-8871},\n\tshorttitle = {Telehealth {Use} by {Age} and {Race} at a {Single} {Academic} {Medical} {Center} {During} the {COVID}-19 {Pandemic}},\n\tdoi = {10.2196/23905},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many ambulatory clinics transitioned to telehealth, but it remains unknown how this may have exacerbated inequitable access to care.\nOBJECTIVE: Given the potential barriers faced by different populations, we investigated whether telehealth use is consistent and equitable across age, race, and gender.\nMETHODS: Our retrospective cohort study of outpatient visits was conducted between March 2 and June 10, 2020, compared with the same time period in 2019, at a single academic health center in Boston, Massachusetts. Visits were divided into in-person visits and telehealth visits and then compared by racial designation, gender, and age.\nRESULTS: At our academic medical center, using a retrospective cohort analysis of ambulatory care delivered between March 2 and June 10, 2020, we found that over half (57.6\\%) of all visits were telehealth visits, and both Black and White patients accessed telehealth more than Asian patients.\nCONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the rapid implementation of telehealth does not follow prior patterns of health care disparities.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},\n\tauthor = {Stevens, Jennifer P. and Mechanic, Oren and Markson, Lawrence and O'Donoghue, Ashley and Kimball, Alexa B.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Academic Medical Centers, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Boston, COVID-19, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Racial Groups, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Telemedicine, Young Adult, access, barrier, cohort, demographic, equity, equity of care, outpatient, telehealth},\n\tpages = {e23905},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Uptake of Outpatient Monoclonal Antibody Treatments for COVID-19 in the United States: a Cross-Sectional Analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Anderson, T. S.; O'Donoghue, A. L.; Dechen, T.; Mechanic, O.; and Stevens, J. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of General Internal Medicine, 36(12): 3922–3924. December 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{andersonUptakeOutpatientMonoclonal2021,\n\ttitle = {Uptake of {Outpatient} {Monoclonal} {Antibody} {Treatments} for {COVID}-19 in the {United} {States}: a {Cross}-{Sectional} {Analysis}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tissn = {1525-1497},\n\tshorttitle = {Uptake of {Outpatient} {Monoclonal} {Antibody} {Treatments} for {COVID}-19 in the {United} {States}},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11606-021-07109-5},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\tjournal = {Journal of General Internal Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Anderson, Timothy S. and O'Donoghue, Ashley L. and Dechen, Tenzin and Mechanic, Oren and Stevens, Jennifer P.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Antibodies, Monoclonal, COVID-19, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Outpatients, SARS-CoV-2, United States},\n\tpages = {3922--3924},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indirect signs of aortic dissection on POC-TTE despite an ADD-RS of 0 and D-dimer\\textless 500 ng/mL.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hill, A.; Farrow II, R.; Rusoja, E.; and Nagdev, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 50: 813–e1. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Indirect$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{hillIndirectSignsAortic2021,\n\ttitle = {Indirect signs of aortic dissection on {POC}-{TTE} despite an {ADD}-{RS} of 0 and {D}-dimer{\\textless} 500 ng/{mL}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675721004526},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Hill, Alexandra and Farrow II, Robert and Rusoja, Evan and Nagdev, Arun},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {813--e1},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2020\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Peng Block - 5 Min Sono.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Farrow II, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Peng$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 4 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@misc{farrowiiPengBlock52020,\n\ttitle = {Peng {Block} - 5 {Min} {Sono}},\n\turl = {https://coreultrasound.com/5ms_peng/},\n\tabstract = {5 minute tutorial on PENG Block},\n\tlanguage = {english},\n\tpublisher = {CoreUltrasound},\n\tauthor = {Farrow II, Robert},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Stellate Ganglion Nerve Block by Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Treatment of Refractory Infarction-Induced Ventricular Fibrillation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Margus, C.; Correa, A.; Cheung, W.; Blaikie, E.; Kuo, K.; Hockensmith, A.; Kinas, D.; and She, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 75(2): 257–260. February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Stellate$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{margusStellateGanglionNerve2020,\n\ttitle = {Stellate {Ganglion} {Nerve} {Block} by {Point}-of-{Care} {Ultrasonography} for {Treatment} of {Refractory} {Infarction}-{Induced} {Ventricular} {Fibrillation}},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {01960644},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196064419306122},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.07.026},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Margus, Colton and Correa, Ashish and Cheung, William and Blaikie, Erika and Kuo, Kevin and Hockensmith, Adam and Kinas, David and She, Trent},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {257--260},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n How to perform ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve blocks.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nagdev, A.; Becherer-Bailey, G.; Farrow, R.; and Mantuani, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ACEP Now, 39(4): 21–22. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"How$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{nagdevHowPerformUltrasoundguided2020,\n\ttitle = {How to perform ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve blocks},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\turl = {https://www.acepnow.com/article/how-to-perform-ultrasound-guided-interscalene-nerve-blocks/2/?singlepage=1},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {ACEP Now},\n\tauthor = {Nagdev, Arun and Becherer-Bailey, Graham and Farrow, Rob and Mantuani, Daniel},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {21--22},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Early multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of respiratory distress during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: case report.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Robert Farrow, I. I.; Becherer-Bailey, G.; Mantuani, D.; and Nagdev, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 4(2): 129. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Early$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{robertfarrowEarlyMultiorganPointofcare2020,\n\ttitle = {Early multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of respiratory distress during {SARS}-{CoV}-2 outbreak: case report},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tshorttitle = {Early multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of respiratory distress during {SARS}-{CoV}-2 outbreak},\n\turl = {https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7220010/},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Robert Farrow, I. I. and Becherer-Bailey, Graham and Mantuani, Daniel and Nagdev, Arun},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {129},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2019\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Presenting as Pneumaturia and the Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Emergency Department.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brown, N.; Petersen, P.; Kinas, D.; and Newberry, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Case Reports in Emergency Medicine, 2019: 1–5. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Emphysematous$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{brownEmphysematousPyelonephritisPresenting2019,\n\ttitle = {Emphysematous {Pyelonephritis} {Presenting} as {Pneumaturia} and the {Use} of {Point}-of-{Care} {Ultrasound} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\tvolume = {2019},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n\tissn = {2090-648X, 2090-6498},\n\turl = {https://www.hindawi.com/journals/criem/2019/6903193/},\n\tdoi = {10.1155/2019/6903193},\n\tabstract = {Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare form of pyelonephritis causing a severe infection of the renal system that includes gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system and surrounding tissue often presenting with sepsis. We report the case of a 60-year-old male with poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and “peeing air.” CT scan revealed air extending from the left renal parenchyma, perinephric fat and into the bladder, consistent with emphysematous pyelonephritis. Bedside point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) subsequently revealed dirty shadowing and reverberation artifacts in the left kidney and the bladder consistent with gas in the urinary collecting system. By understanding the identifying artifacts seen with EPN, reflective shadow and reverberation artifact, the emergency physician may be alerted to the diagnosis sooner. Often this illness presents similarly to simple, acute pyelonephritis or undifferentiated sepsis. Therefore, POCUS allows for real time consideration of this condition while in the emergency department and thus prompter time to treatment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Case Reports in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Brown, Natasha and Petersen, Paul and Kinas, David and Newberry, Mark},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {1--5},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Emergency Medicine Resident-Driven Point of Care Ultrasound for Suspected Shoulder Dislocation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Boswell, B.; Farrow, R.; Rosselli, M.; Farcy, D. A.; Santana, L.; Santos, C. D.; and Cubeddu, L. X.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Southern Medical Journal, 112(12): 605–609. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Emergency$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{boswellEmergencyMedicineResidentDriven2019,\n\ttitle = {Emergency {Medicine} {Resident}-{Driven} {Point} of {Care} {Ultrasound} for {Suspected} {Shoulder} {Dislocation}.},\n\tvolume = {112},\n\turl = {https://europepmc.org/article/med/31796968},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Southern Medical Journal},\n\tauthor = {Boswell, Benjamin and Farrow, Robert and Rosselli, Michael and Farcy, David A. and Santana, Luanna and Santos, C. D. and Cubeddu, Luigi X.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {605--609},\n}\n\n\n\n

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\n \n 2018\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Point-of-Care Ultrasound Identifies Decompensated Heart Failure in a Young Male with Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy Presenting in Severe Sepsis to the Emergency Department.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kinas, D.; Dalley, M.; Guidry, K.; Newberry, M. A.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Case Reports in Emergency Medicine, 2018: 1–6. October 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Point-of-Care$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

@article{kinasPointofCareUltrasoundIdentifies2018,\n\ttitle = {Point-of-{Care} {Ultrasound} {Identifies} {Decompensated} {Heart} {Failure} in a {Young} {Male} with {Methamphetamine}-{Associated} {Cardiomyopathy} {Presenting} in {Severe} {Sepsis} to the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\tvolume = {2018},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n\tissn = {2090-648X, 2090-6498},\n\turl = {https://www.hindawi.com/journals/criem/2018/2859676/},\n\tdoi = {10.1155/2018/2859676},\n\tabstract = {We describe a case of a young male who presents to the emergency department with severe sepsis and decompensated heart failure with underlying Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy that was previously undiagnosed. This presentation is unique because Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy is an uncommonly reported condition that presented in a complex clinical scenario of severe sepsis and decompensated congestive heart failure. We discuss how we used point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in this case to identify an unsuspected disease process and how it changed our initial resuscitation strategy and management. Emergency physicians can utilize point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to help identify these high-risk patients in the emergency department and guide appropriate resuscitation. Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy (MAC) is an infrequently described complication of methamphetamine abuse, most commonly presented as a nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. With the rise in methamphetamine abuse in the United States, complications from methamphetamine use are more commonly presenting to the emergency department. Proper education and rehabilitation, with a goal of abstinence from amphetamine use, may allow patients to potentially regain normal cardiac function. Since the majority of patients present late with severe cardiac dysfunction, early detection is essential amongst critically ill patients since recognition may significantly influence ED management.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Case Reports in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Kinas, David and Dalley, Michael and Guidry, Kayla and Newberry, Mark A. and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--6},\n}\n\n\n\n

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