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\n  \n 2026\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Defining Ultrasound‐Guided Nerve Block Competency for Emergency Medicine: A Delphi‐Method Consensus Statement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brown, J. R.; Le, N.; De Schutter, A.; Miller, D.; Riscinti, M.; Bailitz, J.; Borad, N.; Carnell, J.; Diller, D.; Dreyfus, A.; Duggan, N.; Farrow, R.; Goldsmith, A.; Haidar, D.; Huang, R.; Hurley, M.; Kessler, R.; Lin, J.; Macias, M.; Manson, W.; Mirsch, D.; Nagdev, A.; Pawa, A.; Ramachandran, A.; Riddell, J.; Stone, A.; Stroud, H.; Sungar, W. G.; Vlasica, K.; Zeccola, D.; and Tucker, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n AEM Education and Training, 10(3): e70207. June 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DefiningPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{brown_defining_2026,\n\ttitle = {Defining {Ultrasound}‐{Guided} {Nerve} {Block} {Competency} for {Emergency} {Medicine}: {A} {Delphi}‐{Method} {Consensus} {Statement}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {2472-5390, 2472-5390},\n\tshorttitle = {Defining {Ultrasound}‐{Guided} {Nerve} {Block} {Competency} for {Emergency} {Medicine}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aet2.70207},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/aet2.70207},\n\tabstract = {ABSTRACT\n            \n              Background\n              Ultrasound‐guided nerve blocks (UGNBs) are increasingly incorporated into multi‐modal analgesia in the Emergency Department (ED). Despite their growing adoption, there is no consensus defining when an Emergency Medicine (EM) clinician is competent to perform UGNBs. Training methods, assessment approaches, and credentialing standards remain highly variable across institutions. The objective of this study was to define competency in UGNBs for EM physicians through a modified Delphi method that included national experts in EM and Anesthesia.\n            \n            \n              Methods\n              A comprehensive librarian‐assisted literature review informed the development of a 123‐item questionnaire covering four domains: defining competency, teaching methods, assessment methods, and ongoing professional practice evaluation. Twenty‐seven experts (23 EM, 4 anesthesiology) representing 24 institutions participated in two rounds of electronic voting and discussion. Consensus was defined a priori as 80\\% agreement.\n            \n            \n              Results\n              All 27 panelists (100\\%) completed both rounds. Of 123 items, 61 achieved consensus: 33 items related to defining competency, 14 to teaching methods, 8 to assessment methods, and 6 to ongoing professional practice evaluation related to UGNBs. There was significant debate regarding the minimum number of UGNBs to determine competency and whether UGNBs should be included as a core ultrasound privilege.\n            \n            \n              Conclusion\n              This multidisciplinary modified Delphi provides the first national consensus defining competency in UGNBs for both practicing and EM physicians in training. The 61 consensus items offer a structured framework for residency curricula, faculty development, clinical privileging, and quality assurance. These recommendations may help guide forthcoming ACGME requirements and support safe, effective integration of UGNBs into emergency medicine training.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {AEM Education and Training},\n\tauthor = {Brown, Joseph R. and Le, Nhu‐Nguyen and De Schutter, Anna and Miller, Danielle and Riscinti, Matthew and Bailitz, John and Borad, Neil and Carnell, Jen and Diller, David and Dreyfus, Andrea and Duggan, Nicole and Farrow, Rob and Goldsmith, Andrew and Haidar, David and Huang, Rob and Hurley, Meghan and Kessler, Ross and Lin, Judy and Macias, Michael and Manson, William and Mirsch, Daniel and Nagdev, Arun and Pawa, Amit and Ramachandran, Anirudh and Riddell, Jeff and Stone, Alex and Stroud, Hilary and Sungar, William Gannon and Vlasica, Katherine and Zeccola, Daniel and Tucker, Ryan},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tpages = {e70207},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n ABSTRACT Background Ultrasound‐guided nerve blocks (UGNBs) are increasingly incorporated into multi‐modal analgesia in the Emergency Department (ED). Despite their growing adoption, there is no consensus defining when an Emergency Medicine (EM) clinician is competent to perform UGNBs. Training methods, assessment approaches, and credentialing standards remain highly variable across institutions. The objective of this study was to define competency in UGNBs for EM physicians through a modified Delphi method that included national experts in EM and Anesthesia. Methods A comprehensive librarian‐assisted literature review informed the development of a 123‐item questionnaire covering four domains: defining competency, teaching methods, assessment methods, and ongoing professional practice evaluation. Twenty‐seven experts (23 EM, 4 anesthesiology) representing 24 institutions participated in two rounds of electronic voting and discussion. Consensus was defined a priori as 80% agreement. Results All 27 panelists (100%) completed both rounds. Of 123 items, 61 achieved consensus: 33 items related to defining competency, 14 to teaching methods, 8 to assessment methods, and 6 to ongoing professional practice evaluation related to UGNBs. There was significant debate regarding the minimum number of UGNBs to determine competency and whether UGNBs should be included as a core ultrasound privilege. Conclusion This multidisciplinary modified Delphi provides the first national consensus defining competency in UGNBs for both practicing and EM physicians in training. The 61 consensus items offer a structured framework for residency curricula, faculty development, clinical privileging, and quality assurance. These recommendations may help guide forthcoming ACGME requirements and support safe, effective integration of UGNBs into emergency medicine training.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Accuracy of Emergency Physicians in Grading Diastolic Dysfunction Using Visual Estimation of Waveforms.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Puebla, D. L.; Lopez, E.; Kheradia, T.; Zitek, T.; Catapano, A.; Farrow, R. A.; and Kinas, D. H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 27(2): 381–386. February 2026.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{puebla_accuracy_2026,\n\ttitle = {Accuracy of {Emergency} {Physicians} in {Grading} {Diastolic} {Dysfunction} {Using} {Visual} {Estimation} of {Waveforms}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {1936-9018},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/westjem.50527},\n\tabstract = {INTRODUCTION: Diastolic dysfunction occurs when the ventricular walls of the heart stiffen and fail to relax appropriately. Early recognition in the emergency department (ED) enables identification of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, guides antihypertensive and diuretic therapy, and facilitates timely cardiology referral to reduce morbidity and readmissions. Prior studies show emergency physicians (EP) can diagnose diastolic dysfunction with point-of-care ultrasound using mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler indices, although quantitative measurements are time-consuming. This study evaluates whether EPs can accurately diagnose and grade diastolic dysfunction based solely on visualization of mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler wave forms.\nMETHODS: After a focused training session, EPs (postgraduate year 1-3 residents, ultrasound fellows, and attendings) were randomized to review archived echocardiograms obtained by certified technicians. The EPs visually assessed echocardiograms for diastolic dysfunction (grades I-III) and whether they were considered "severe" (grade III). Their interpretations were then compared with a cardiologist's gold-standard readings.\nRESULTS: Twenty-three EPs interpreted 100 echocardiograms containing 25 of each grade. Overall accuracy for exact grading was 54.8\\%. Ultrasound attendings scored highest (70.0\\%), followed by non-ultrasound fellows (55.0\\%), attendings (54.0\\%), and residents (52.9\\%). For identification of any diastolic dysfunction, the EPs had a sensitivity of 84.6\\% (95\\% CI, 78.5-89.5\\%), specificity of 44.8\\% (95\\% CI, 31.7-58.5\\%), positive likelihood ratio (+LR) 1.53 (95\\% CI, 1.21-1.95), and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) 0.34 (95\\% CI, 0.22-0.54). For identification of severe diastolic dysfunction, the EPs' intrepretations had a sensitivity of 59.4\\% (95\\% CI, 46.4-71.5\\%), specificity of 90.3\\% (95\\% CI, 85.0-94.3\\%), +LR 6.15 (95\\% CI 3.75-10.09), and -LR 0.45 (95\\% CI, 0.33-0.61).\nCONCLUSION: Emergency physicians can visually estimate diastolic function using mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler morphology with good sensitivity for detecting dysfunction and high specificity for identifying severe cases.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Puebla, Daniel L. and Lopez, Edward and Kheradia, Tarang and Zitek, Tony and Catapano, Anthony and Farrow, Robert A. and Kinas, David H.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tkeywords = {Clinical Competence, Diastole, Echocardiography, Echocardiography, Doppler, Emergency Medicine, Emergency Service, Hospital, Heart Failure, Diastolic, Humans},\n\tpages = {381--386},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n INTRODUCTION: Diastolic dysfunction occurs when the ventricular walls of the heart stiffen and fail to relax appropriately. Early recognition in the emergency department (ED) enables identification of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, guides antihypertensive and diuretic therapy, and facilitates timely cardiology referral to reduce morbidity and readmissions. Prior studies show emergency physicians (EP) can diagnose diastolic dysfunction with point-of-care ultrasound using mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler indices, although quantitative measurements are time-consuming. This study evaluates whether EPs can accurately diagnose and grade diastolic dysfunction based solely on visualization of mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler wave forms. METHODS: After a focused training session, EPs (postgraduate year 1-3 residents, ultrasound fellows, and attendings) were randomized to review archived echocardiograms obtained by certified technicians. The EPs visually assessed echocardiograms for diastolic dysfunction (grades I-III) and whether they were considered \"severe\" (grade III). Their interpretations were then compared with a cardiologist's gold-standard readings. RESULTS: Twenty-three EPs interpreted 100 echocardiograms containing 25 of each grade. Overall accuracy for exact grading was 54.8%. Ultrasound attendings scored highest (70.0%), followed by non-ultrasound fellows (55.0%), attendings (54.0%), and residents (52.9%). For identification of any diastolic dysfunction, the EPs had a sensitivity of 84.6% (95% CI, 78.5-89.5%), specificity of 44.8% (95% CI, 31.7-58.5%), positive likelihood ratio (+LR) 1.53 (95% CI, 1.21-1.95), and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) 0.34 (95% CI, 0.22-0.54). For identification of severe diastolic dysfunction, the EPs' intrepretations had a sensitivity of 59.4% (95% CI, 46.4-71.5%), specificity of 90.3% (95% CI, 85.0-94.3%), +LR 6.15 (95% CI 3.75-10.09), and -LR 0.45 (95% CI, 0.33-0.61). CONCLUSION: Emergency physicians can visually estimate diastolic function using mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler morphology with good sensitivity for detecting dysfunction and high specificity for identifying severe cases.\n
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\n  \n 2025\n \n \n (9)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Nonresponse Bias Against the Underserved in Emergency Department Patient Experience Surveys: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Weber, L.; Aloise, D.; Roitman, A.; Corbea, C.; Sherman, D.; Nunez, T.; Puron, L.; Shalaby, M.; Kresch, F.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 70: 160–167. March 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{zitek_nonresponse_2025,\n\ttitle = {Nonresponse {Bias} {Against} the {Underserved} in {Emergency} {Department} {Patient} {Experience} {Surveys}: {A} {Cross}-{Sectional} {Analysis}},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0736-4679},\n\tshorttitle = {Nonresponse {Bias} {Against} the {Underserved} in {Emergency} {Department} {Patient} {Experience} {Surveys}},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.08.017},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Patient experience scores are used to assess emergency physicians, but only a small fraction of patients actually respond to patient experience surveys. No prior studies have determined patient characteristics that predict emergency department (ED) patient experience survey response.\nOBJECTIVES: To determine which patient characteristics are associated with ED patient experience survey response.\nMETHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of a random sample of 2500 patients from our hospital system who were discharged from an ED between January 1 and June 30, 2022. Our hospital system has one hospital-based ED and two freestanding EDs, one of which is in an economically disadvantaged area. For each randomly selected patient, we used chart review to gather the following data points: ED visited, patient age, gender, race, preferred language, primary residence, time of arrival, marital status, health insurance, and emergency severity index for that visit. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine which of those variables were associated with patient experience survey response.\nRESULTS: Among 2500 patients sent surveys, 207 (8.3\\%) responded. Those with the lowest response rates were from a freestanding ED in an economically disadvantaged area (5.9\\%), were uninsured (4.9\\%), or were homeless (2.1\\%). On multivariable analysis, adjusted odds ratios for survey response for those characteristics were as follows: 0.54 (95\\% CI 0.33-0.84), 0.56 (95\\% CI 0.34-0.90), and 0.30 (95\\% CI 0.02-1.44), respectively.\nCONCLUSION: Multiple markers of lower socioeconomic status were associated with decreased patient experience survey response rates, suggestive of nonresponse bias against these individuals.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Weber, Luke and Aloise, Daniel and Roitman, Adam and Corbea, Claudia and Sherman, Dana and Nunez, Tatiana and Puron, Luis and Shalaby, Michael and Kresch, Frayda and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Aged, Bias, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Satisfaction, Patient experience, Patient satisfaction, Response, Surveys, Surveys and Questionnaires, Underserved},\n\tpages = {160--167},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\n BACKGROUND: Patient experience scores are used to assess emergency physicians, but only a small fraction of patients actually respond to patient experience surveys. No prior studies have determined patient characteristics that predict emergency department (ED) patient experience survey response. OBJECTIVES: To determine which patient characteristics are associated with ED patient experience survey response. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of a random sample of 2500 patients from our hospital system who were discharged from an ED between January 1 and June 30, 2022. Our hospital system has one hospital-based ED and two freestanding EDs, one of which is in an economically disadvantaged area. For each randomly selected patient, we used chart review to gather the following data points: ED visited, patient age, gender, race, preferred language, primary residence, time of arrival, marital status, health insurance, and emergency severity index for that visit. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine which of those variables were associated with patient experience survey response. RESULTS: Among 2500 patients sent surveys, 207 (8.3%) responded. Those with the lowest response rates were from a freestanding ED in an economically disadvantaged area (5.9%), were uninsured (4.9%), or were homeless (2.1%). On multivariable analysis, adjusted odds ratios for survey response for those characteristics were as follows: 0.54 (95% CI 0.33-0.84), 0.56 (95% CI 0.34-0.90), and 0.30 (95% CI 0.02-1.44), respectively. CONCLUSION: Multiple markers of lower socioeconomic status were associated with decreased patient experience survey response rates, suggestive of nonresponse bias against these individuals.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unconventional Manifestations of Pediatric Pneumonia: Clinical Insights into an Atypical Case.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rutherford, J.; Moussa, M.; Lamour, D.; Santana, A.; Javed, Z.; and Alvarez, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n January 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"UnconventionalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@misc{rutherford_unconventional_2025,\n\ttitle = {Unconventional {Manifestations} of {Pediatric} {Pneumonia}: {Clinical} {Insights} into an {Atypical} {Case}},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n\tshorttitle = {Unconventional {Manifestations} of {Pediatric} {Pneumonia}},\n\turl = {https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-5542166/v1},\n\tdoi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-5542166/v1},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n          \n            Introduction\n            Atypical community-acquired pneumonia is a common yet potentially fatal infection in children, particularly when classical clinical signs and symptoms are absent.\n            Case Report\n            A 7-year-old Hispanic male with a history of developmental delay, umbilical hernia, and ADHD presented to the pediatrician’s office with a chief complaint of intermittent fevers and cough over the past 6 days. His caregivers noted that the fever recurred every other day, with temperatures ranging from 100-102°F, and reported the onset of hives and swelling in the hands and feet on the 5th day. The patient had a negative screening for a rapid COVID, streptococcal, and influenza A/B test. He was sent to the hospital for a chest x-ray which revealed right upper lobe pneumonia. The patient received Azithromycin 200mg/5mL oral liquid 6.3mL on day 1 and 3.1mL for days 2-5 and Amoxicillin 400mg/5mL at 7mL q12h for 10 days, and loratadine 5mg/mL at 5 mg oral daily for 14 days.\nConclusion\nOne in five cases of pneumonia are atypical in the pediatric population with chances as high as 56\\% presenting asymptomatically which can make it challenging to diagnose.\n            1\n            Classic presentation of atypical pneumonia present as the following: cough, fever, muscle ache. In this patient he presents with ambiguous symptoms. Patient followed-up two weeks later and reported abscess drainage on his head and he developed reactive adenitis. Outside of developing reactive adenitis due to an unrelated cause he recovered completely from the pneumonia. 10/25/24 - he developed reactive adenitis with 2 nodules noted on the superior region of head that was draining. He received clindamycin 75mg/5mL, 5ml TID for 10 days.},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tpublisher = {In Review},\n\tauthor = {Rutherford, Jovana and Moussa, Marina and Lamour, Daniella and Santana, Alexa and Javed, Zanera and Alvarez, Israel},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n Abstract Introduction Atypical community-acquired pneumonia is a common yet potentially fatal infection in children, particularly when classical clinical signs and symptoms are absent. Case Report A 7-year-old Hispanic male with a history of developmental delay, umbilical hernia, and ADHD presented to the pediatrician’s office with a chief complaint of intermittent fevers and cough over the past 6 days. His caregivers noted that the fever recurred every other day, with temperatures ranging from 100-102°F, and reported the onset of hives and swelling in the hands and feet on the 5th day. The patient had a negative screening for a rapid COVID, streptococcal, and influenza A/B test. He was sent to the hospital for a chest x-ray which revealed right upper lobe pneumonia. The patient received Azithromycin 200mg/5mL oral liquid 6.3mL on day 1 and 3.1mL for days 2-5 and Amoxicillin 400mg/5mL at 7mL q12h for 10 days, and loratadine 5mg/mL at 5 mg oral daily for 14 days. Conclusion One in five cases of pneumonia are atypical in the pediatric population with chances as high as 56% presenting asymptomatically which can make it challenging to diagnose. 1 Classic presentation of atypical pneumonia present as the following: cough, fever, muscle ache. In this patient he presents with ambiguous symptoms. Patient followed-up two weeks later and reported abscess drainage on his head and he developed reactive adenitis. Outside of developing reactive adenitis due to an unrelated cause he recovered completely from the pneumonia. 10/25/24 - he developed reactive adenitis with 2 nodules noted on the superior region of head that was draining. He received clindamycin 75mg/5mL, 5ml TID for 10 days.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound-guided flexor tendon sheath (FTS) block for digital analgesia in the emergency department: A case report.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Popa, A.; Camargo, A.; Catapano, A.; Abello, V.; and Farrow II, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{popa_ultrasound-guided_2025,\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound-guided flexor tendon sheath ({FTS}) block for digital analgesia in the emergency department: {A} case report},\n\tshorttitle = {Ultrasound-guided flexor tendon sheath ({FTS}) block for digital analgesia in the emergency department},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675725004000},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Popa, Andreea and Camargo, Alexis and Catapano, Anthony and Abello, Veronica and Farrow II, Robert A.},\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Supra-Short Ultrasound Protocol for Rotator Cuff Tears in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Study.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Farrow II, R. A.; Shalaby, M.; Puebla, D.; Sanoja, A.; Lopez, E.; McShannic, J.; Lee, Y.; Warren, N.; Lamour, D.; Perez, J.; and Rosselli, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, 0(0). September 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{zitek_supra-short_2025,\n\ttitle = {The {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Pilot} {Study}},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {1936-900X},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48c451g2},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/westjem.46984},\n\tabstract = {Introduction: Although ultrasound is readily available to emergency physicians and known to be very accurate for diagnosing rotator cuff tears, it is rarely used for this purpose. Our goal in this study was to develop and preliminarily assess the accuracy of a simplified shoulder ultrasound protocol (the “supra-short” protocol), designed to be used by emergency physicians for diagnosis of supraspinatus tears. Methods: We performed a pilot diagnostic accuracy study in which we assessed the accuracy of the supra-short protocol as performed by minimally trained emergency physicians for identifying\\&nbsp;supraspinatus tears in volunteers. As a criterion standard, a sports medicine physician also performed a complete shoulder ultrasound on each volunteer. We determined the test characteristics of the supra-short protocol for supraspinatus tears, as well as the median time to complete a scan and the percentage of images deemed adequate by expert review. Results: Nine emergency physicians performed a total of 40 bilateral supra-short scans on six volunteers (two of whom were known to have shoulder pathology and four of whom had normal shoulders). Of the 80 shoulders scanned, there were 18 cases in which complete ultrasound performed by the sports medicine physician revealed a supraspinatus tear; 12 (66.7\\%) of those were identified by the novice sonographers using the supra-short protocol. Overall, the sensitivity of the supra-short protocol was 66.7\\% (95\\% CI 29.9-92.5\\%) and the specificity was 87.1\\% (95\\% CI 70.2-96.4\\%). The median time to completion of each shoulder was 133 seconds (interquartile range 88-182). Upon expert image review, 80.0\\% of the images were deemed adequate. Conclusion: After minimal training, emergency physicians were able to quickly perform the supra-short US protocol but were only able to identify supraspinatus tears with moderate accuracy, suggesting the need for more extensive training before clinical use.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2025-10-01},\n\tjournal = {Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Farrow II, Robert A. and Shalaby, Michael and Puebla, Daniel and Sanoja, Alejandro and Lopez, Edward and McShannic, Joseph and Lee, Yonghoon and Warren, Nicole and Lamour, Daniella and Perez, Jiodany and Rosselli, Michael},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n Introduction: Although ultrasound is readily available to emergency physicians and known to be very accurate for diagnosing rotator cuff tears, it is rarely used for this purpose. Our goal in this study was to develop and preliminarily assess the accuracy of a simplified shoulder ultrasound protocol (the “supra-short” protocol), designed to be used by emergency physicians for diagnosis of supraspinatus tears. Methods: We performed a pilot diagnostic accuracy study in which we assessed the accuracy of the supra-short protocol as performed by minimally trained emergency physicians for identifying supraspinatus tears in volunteers. As a criterion standard, a sports medicine physician also performed a complete shoulder ultrasound on each volunteer. We determined the test characteristics of the supra-short protocol for supraspinatus tears, as well as the median time to complete a scan and the percentage of images deemed adequate by expert review. Results: Nine emergency physicians performed a total of 40 bilateral supra-short scans on six volunteers (two of whom were known to have shoulder pathology and four of whom had normal shoulders). Of the 80 shoulders scanned, there were 18 cases in which complete ultrasound performed by the sports medicine physician revealed a supraspinatus tear; 12 (66.7%) of those were identified by the novice sonographers using the supra-short protocol. Overall, the sensitivity of the supra-short protocol was 66.7% (95% CI 29.9-92.5%) and the specificity was 87.1% (95% CI 70.2-96.4%). The median time to completion of each shoulder was 133 seconds (interquartile range 88-182). Upon expert image review, 80.0% of the images were deemed adequate. Conclusion: After minimal training, emergency physicians were able to quickly perform the supra-short US protocol but were only able to identify supraspinatus tears with moderate accuracy, suggesting the need for more extensive training before clinical use.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Supra-Short Ultrasound Protocol for Rotator Cuff Tears in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Study.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Farrow II, R. A.; Shalaby, M.; Puebla, D.; Sanoja, A.; Lopez, E.; McShannic, J.; Lee, Y.; Warren, N.; and Lamour, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health. 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{zitek_supra-short_2025,\n\ttitle = {The {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Pilot} {Study}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48c451g2},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Farrow II, Robert A. and Shalaby, Michael and Puebla, Daniel and Sanoja, Alejandro and Lopez, Edward and McShannic, Joseph and Lee, Yonghoon and Warren, Nicole and Lamour, Daniella},\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n RAPTIR and Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Blocks.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Farrow II, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In CorePendium. EM:RAP, August 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"RAPTIRPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{farrow_ii_raptir_2025,\n\ttitle = {{RAPTIR} and {Infraclavicular} {Brachial} {Plexus} {Blocks}},\n\turl = {https://www.emrap.org/corependium/chapter/reckSlGbAsX3TMVhw/RAPTIR-and-Infraclavicular-Brachial-Plexus-Blocks},\n\tbooktitle = {{CorePendium}},\n\tpublisher = {EM:RAP},\n\tauthor = {Farrow II, Robert A.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n POCUS for Detection of Esophageal and Gastric Foreign Bodies.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lamour, D.; Jean-Gilles, J.; Kinas, D.; Lopez, E.; and Farrow, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n POCUS journal, 10(2): 71–74. November 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lamour_pocus_2025,\n\ttitle = {{POCUS} for {Detection} of {Esophageal} and {Gastric} {Foreign} {Bodies}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {2369-8543},\n\tdoi = {10.24908/pocusj.v10i02.19230},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Foreign body ingestion is a common and challenging complaint for physicians in the emergency department (ED). Although most foreign bodies pass naturally without surgical intervention, about 10-20\\% require removal based on their size, shape, and location within the gastrointestinal tract. X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are frequently used for evaluation. However, x-rays cannot detect radiolucent foreign bodies, both modalities emit ionizing radiation, and CT scans are notably expensive. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) offers a valuable alternative for detecting foreign bodies, as it avoids radiation exposure, reduces costs, and is readily accessible.\nCASE SERIES: We present a case series involving three distinct instances of foreign body ingestion, where POCUS enhanced patient outcomes and disposition. This series includes evidence on use of POCUS for an obstructed esophageal foreign body and two gastric foreign bodies in a stable patient and unstable altered patient suspected of medication overdose.\nCONCLUSION: POCUS is an effective tool for identifying foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially when x-rays fail to visualize non-radiopaque materials or when attempting to minimize radiation from CT scans. It allows emergency physicians to quickly confirm the presence and precise location of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to faster clinical decision making and reduced risk of complications, such as perforation or obstruction.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {POCUS journal},\n\tauthor = {Lamour, Daniella and Jean-Gilles, Jacqueline and Kinas, David and Lopez, Edward and Farrow, Robert A.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Esophageal foreign body, POCUS foreign body, POCUS upper GI tract, Pediatric foreign body, Point of care ultrasound},\n\tpages = {71--74},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n BACKGROUND: Foreign body ingestion is a common and challenging complaint for physicians in the emergency department (ED). Although most foreign bodies pass naturally without surgical intervention, about 10-20% require removal based on their size, shape, and location within the gastrointestinal tract. X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are frequently used for evaluation. However, x-rays cannot detect radiolucent foreign bodies, both modalities emit ionizing radiation, and CT scans are notably expensive. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) offers a valuable alternative for detecting foreign bodies, as it avoids radiation exposure, reduces costs, and is readily accessible. CASE SERIES: We present a case series involving three distinct instances of foreign body ingestion, where POCUS enhanced patient outcomes and disposition. This series includes evidence on use of POCUS for an obstructed esophageal foreign body and two gastric foreign bodies in a stable patient and unstable altered patient suspected of medication overdose. CONCLUSION: POCUS is an effective tool for identifying foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially when x-rays fail to visualize non-radiopaque materials or when attempting to minimize radiation from CT scans. It allows emergency physicians to quickly confirm the presence and precise location of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to faster clinical decision making and reduced risk of complications, such as perforation or obstruction.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Musculoskeletal Ultrasound.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n DiRenzo, D.; and Farrow, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Gottlieb, M.; and Panebianco, N., editor(s), Advanced Point-of-Care Ultrasound, pages 387–415. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"MusculoskeletalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{gottlieb_musculoskeletal_2025,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Musculoskeletal {Ultrasound}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-031-85307-4 978-3-031-85308-1},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-85308-1_19},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-031-85308-1_19},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tbooktitle = {Advanced {Point}-of-{Care} {Ultrasound}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},\n\tauthor = {DiRenzo, Dana and Farrow, Robert},\n\teditor = {Gottlieb, Michael and Panebianco, Nova},\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpages = {387--415},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Letter of Concern from the Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine Regarding ACGME Proposed Changes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hamilton, R. J.; Becker, L. B.; Wolfe, R. E.; Algren, D. A.; Arnold, T.; Baumann, M.; Berkeley, R. P.; Caffery, T. S.; Cannon, C. M.; Corbin, T. J.; Chansky, M. E.; Dhindsa, H. S.; Emerman, C. L.; Farcy, D. A.; Fox, C.; Gibbs, M. A.; Goode, C. S.; Godwin, S. A.; Jehle, D.; Johnson, D.; Keim, S. M.; Khazaeni, B.; Knapp, B. J.; Hawthorne, C.; Hoyle, J. D.; Kurz, M. C.; Leibner, E.; McNamara, R.; McCormack, R. F.; Michelson, E. A.; Miller, C.; Norse, A.; Nugent, A.; O'Neil, B. J.; Overton, D. T.; Panacek, E. A.; Paolo, W. F.; Pauzé, D. R.; Perez, A. L.; Riviello, R. J.; Rodi, S. W.; Pang, P. S.; Gonzalez Sanchez, J. A.; Seaberg, D.; Schwartz, A.; Shiver, S. A.; Sklar, D. P.; Smith, B. C.; Stowell, J. R.; Squillante, M. D.; Thomas, J. J.; Hoek, T. V.; Volturo, G. A.; Walters, E. L.; Wyatt, T. E.; and Yealy, D. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 26(4): 769–772. June 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hamilton_letter_2025,\n\ttitle = {Letter of {Concern} from the {Association} of {Academic} {Chairs} of {Emergency} {Medicine} {Regarding} {ACGME} {Proposed} {Changes}},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tissn = {1936-9018},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/westjem.48840},\n\tabstract = {This letter, signed by over 50 academic chairs of emergency medicine, urges the ACGME to reconsider a proposed mandate requiring all emergency medicine residency programs to adopt a four-year training model. The authors argue that current three-year programs are supported by data demonstrating equivalent educational and clinical outcomes compared to four-year formats. They criticize the flawed survey methodology underpinning the proposal, note the loss of milestone-based training flexibility, and highlight the lack of added scholarly or clinical value in the fourth year. The letter also outlines negative consequences for fellowship participation, workforce development, trainee debt, and diversity. The signatories advocate for maintaining the current flexible training model to preserve excellence, equity, and innovation in emergency medicine education.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Hamilton, Richard J. and Becker, Lance B. and Wolfe, Richard E. and Algren, D. Adam and Arnold, Thomas and Baumann, Michael and Berkeley, Ross P. and Caffery, Terrell S. and Cannon, Chad M. and Corbin, Theodore J. and Chansky, Michael E. and Dhindsa, Harinder S. and Emerman, Charles L. and Farcy, David A. and Fox, Chris and Gibbs, Michael A. and Goode, Christopher S. and Godwin, Steven Andy and Jehle, Dietrich and Johnson, David and Keim, Samuel M. and Khazaeni, Babak and Knapp, Barry J. and Hawthorne, Clint and Hoyle, John D. and Kurz, Michael Christopher and Leibner, Evan and McNamara, Robert and McCormack, Robert F. and Michelson, Edward A. and Miller, Chadwick and Norse, Ashley and Nugent, Andrew and O'Neil, Brian J. and Overton, David T. and Panacek, Edward A. and Paolo, William F. and Pauzé, Denis R. and Perez, Amanda L. and Riviello, Ralph J. and Rodi, Scott W. and Pang, Peter S. and Gonzalez Sanchez, Juan A. and Seaberg, David and Schwartz, Adam and Shiver, Stephen A. and Sklar, David P. and Smith, Ben C. and Stowell, Jeffrey R. and Squillante, Marc D. and Thomas, J. Jeremy and Hoek, Terry Vanden and Volturo, Gregory A. and Walters, E. Lea and Wyatt, Thomas E. and Yealy, Donald M.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Education, Medical, Graduate, Emergency Medicine, Humans, Internship and Residency, United States},\n\tpages = {769--772},\n}\n
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\n This letter, signed by over 50 academic chairs of emergency medicine, urges the ACGME to reconsider a proposed mandate requiring all emergency medicine residency programs to adopt a four-year training model. The authors argue that current three-year programs are supported by data demonstrating equivalent educational and clinical outcomes compared to four-year formats. They criticize the flawed survey methodology underpinning the proposal, note the loss of milestone-based training flexibility, and highlight the lack of added scholarly or clinical value in the fourth year. The letter also outlines negative consequences for fellowship participation, workforce development, trainee debt, and diversity. The signatories advocate for maintaining the current flexible training model to preserve excellence, equity, and innovation in emergency medicine education.\n
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\n  \n 2024\n \n \n (8)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound-Guided, Mid-Forearm Median Nerve Block for Relief of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Pain in the Emergency Department: A Case Report.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Puebla, D. L.; Luchitsky, I.; De Oca, R. M.; Shalaby, M.; and Farrow, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 8(1): 68. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Ultrasound-Guided,Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{puebla_ultrasound-guided_2024,\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound-{Guided}, {Mid}-{Forearm} {Median} {Nerve} {Block} for {Relief} of {Carpal} {Tunnel} {Syndrome} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Case} {Report}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tshorttitle = {Ultrasound-{Guided}, {Mid}-{Forearm} {Median} {Nerve} {Block} for {Relief} of {Carpal} {Tunnel} {Syndrome} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10966504/},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Puebla, Daniel L. and Luchitsky, Ilya and De Oca, Roman Montes and Shalaby, Michael and Farrow, Robert A.},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {68},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modified PECS II Block for Axillary Hidradenitis Suppurativa.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; Sahni, R.; Puebla, D.; and Fernandez, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 66(6): e701–e703. June 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{shalaby_modified_2024,\n\ttitle = {Modified {PECS} {II} {Block} for {Axillary} {Hidradenitis} {Suppurativa}},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {0736-4679},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.01.007},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful, chronic inflammatory skin condition. Patients experience exacerbations, leading them to present to the emergency department (ED) for incision and drainage. Direct injection of local anesthetic into these lesions is extremely painful and seldom provides adequate anesthesia. A modified method of the PECS II block can provide anesthesia to the skin of the axilla, making management of HS much less painful for the patient. We performed a bilateral modified PECS II block on a patient requiring incision and drainage of HS lesions in both axillae. She subsequently required no local anesthetic for the procedure.\nDISCUSSION: The second injection of the traditional PECS II block involves the deposition of anesthetic in the fascial plane between the pectoralis minor muscle and the serratus anterior muscles. This injection targets the lateral branch of the intercostal nerves, which provide sensory innervation to the axilla.\nCONCLUSIONS: A modified technique of the PECS II block, in which only the second injection is performed, is a potentially effective method for anesthetizing the axilla of patients with HS prior to incision and drainage.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, Michael and Sahni, Raghav and Puebla, Daniel and Fernandez, Stephanie},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Anesthetics, Local, Axilla, Drainage, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Humans, Nerve Block, anesthesia, hidradenitis, nerve, nerve block, pain, regional anesthesia, ultrasound},\n\tpages = {e701--e703},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful, chronic inflammatory skin condition. Patients experience exacerbations, leading them to present to the emergency department (ED) for incision and drainage. Direct injection of local anesthetic into these lesions is extremely painful and seldom provides adequate anesthesia. A modified method of the PECS II block can provide anesthesia to the skin of the axilla, making management of HS much less painful for the patient. We performed a bilateral modified PECS II block on a patient requiring incision and drainage of HS lesions in both axillae. She subsequently required no local anesthetic for the procedure. DISCUSSION: The second injection of the traditional PECS II block involves the deposition of anesthetic in the fascial plane between the pectoralis minor muscle and the serratus anterior muscles. This injection targets the lateral branch of the intercostal nerves, which provide sensory innervation to the axilla. CONCLUSIONS: A modified technique of the PECS II block, in which only the second injection is performed, is a potentially effective method for anesthetizing the axilla of patients with HS prior to incision and drainage.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Implementation of an ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia program in the emergency department of a community teaching hospital.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Farrow II, R. A.; Shalaby, M.; Newberry, M. A.; De Oca, R. M.; Kinas, D.; Farcy, D. A.; and Zitek, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 83(6): 509–518. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImplementationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{farrow_ii_implementation_2024,\n\ttitle = {Implementation of an ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia program in the emergency department of a community teaching hospital},\n\tvolume = {83},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196064423013823},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Farrow II, Robert A. and Shalaby, Michael and Newberry, Mark A. and De Oca, Roman Montes and Kinas, David and Farcy, David A. and Zitek, Tony},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {509--518},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Exogenous Peptide Injection Causing Medical Thigh Compartment Syndrome.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lamour, D.; Bruno, T. W.; Shih, R. D.; Solano, J. J.; and Alter, S. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 66(4): e526–e529. April 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ExogenousPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lamour_exogenous_2024,\n\ttitle = {Exogenous {Peptide} {Injection} {Causing} {Medical} {Thigh} {Compartment} {Syndrome}},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {07364679},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0736467923005863},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.11.025},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Lamour, Daniella and Bruno, Tony W. and Shih, Richard D. and Solano, Joshua J. and Alter, Scott M.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {e526--e529},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Diagnosis of cutaneous larva migrans using point of care ultrasound.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lamour, D.; Farrow, R. A.; Pierre, J.; Puebla, D.; and Khalil, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n POCUS journal, 9(1): 33. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DiagnosisPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lamour_diagnosis_2024,\n\ttitle = {Diagnosis of cutaneous larva migrans using point of care ultrasound},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\turl = {https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11044923/},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {POCUS journal},\n\tauthor = {Lamour, Daniella and Farrow, Robert A. and Pierre, Jean and Puebla, Daniel and Khalil, Paul},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {33},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An Assessment of the Presence of Clostridium tetani in the Soil and on Other Surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; Catenazzi, A.; Smith, M. F.; Farrow Ii, R. A.; Farcy, D.; Mechanic, O.; and Zitek, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 25(6): 890. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AnPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{shalaby_assessment_2024,\n\ttitle = {An {Assessment} of the {Presence} of {Clostridium} tetani in the {Soil} and on {Other} {Surfaces}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\turl = {https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11610744/},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Western Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, Michael and Catenazzi, Alessandro and Smith, Melissa F. and Farrow Ii, Robert A. and Farcy, David and Mechanic, Oren and Zitek, Tony},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {890},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 476 The Supra-Short Ultrasound Protocol to Assess for Rotator Cuff Tears in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Trial.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Farrow, R.; Kinas, D.; Shalaby, M.; Puebla, D.; McShannic, J.; Sanoja, A.; Lopez, E.; Lee, Y.; and Zaldivar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 84(4): S212. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"476Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{zitek_476_2024,\n\ttitle = {476 {The} {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} to {Assess} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Pilot} {Trial}},\n\tvolume = {84},\n\tshorttitle = {476 {The} {Supra}-{Short} {Ultrasound} {Protocol} to {Assess} for {Rotator} {Cuff} {Tears} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(24)00921-1/abstract},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, T. and Farrow, R. and Kinas, D. and Shalaby, M. and Puebla, D. and McShannic, J. and Sanoja, A. and Lopez, E. and Lee, Y. and Zaldivar, A.},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {S212},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 469 An Analysis of Common Errors in Biliary Point-of-Care Ultrasound.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tran, L.; Farrow, R.; Kinas, D.; Shalaby, M.; Farcy, D.; and Zitek, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 84(4): S209. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"469Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{tran_469_2024,\n\ttitle = {469 {An} {Analysis} of {Common} {Errors} in {Biliary} {Point}-of-{Care} {Ultrasound}},\n\tvolume = {84},\n\turl = {https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(24)00914-4/abstract},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Tran, L. and Farrow, R. and Kinas, D. and Shalaby, M. and Farcy, D. and Zitek, T.},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {S209},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n  \n 2023\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Utility of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Could It Be Useful?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; Smith, M.; Tran, L.; and Farrow, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 24(4): 793. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"UtilityPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{shalaby_utility_2023,\n\ttitle = {Utility of {Supraclavicular} {Brachial} {Plexus} {Block} for {Anterior} {Shoulder} {Dislocation}: {Could} {It} {Be} {Useful}?},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tshorttitle = {Utility of {Supraclavicular} {Brachial} {Plexus} {Block} for {Anterior} {Shoulder} {Dislocation}},\n\turl = {https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10393458/},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Western Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, Michael and Smith, Melissa and Tran, Lam and Farrow, Robert},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {793},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound‐Guided Trigger Point Injections for the Treatment of Neck and Back Pain in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Trial.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Farrow, R. A.; Newberry, M.; Zitek, T.; Farrow, J.; Mechanic, O. J.; and Rosselli, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 42(5): 1023–1032. May 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Ultrasound‐GuidedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{farrow_ultrasoundguided_2023,\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound‐{Guided} {Trigger} {Point} {Injections} for the {Treatment} of {Neck} and {Back} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Randomized} {Trial}},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tissn = {0278-4297, 1550-9613},\n\tshorttitle = {Ultrasound‐{Guided} {Trigger} {Point} {Injections} for the {Treatment} of {Neck} and {Back} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jum.16113},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/jum.16113},\n\tabstract = {Objectives\n              Patients frequently present to the emergency department (ED) with neck or back pain, which can be difficult to treat. We sought to compare ultrasound‐guided trigger point injection (TPI) to standard medications for patients with neck or back pain.\n            \n            \n              Methods\n              We performed a single‐center, open label, randomized controlled trial on ED patients with neck or back pain from myofascial pain syndrome comparing ultrasound‐guided TPIs to those who received the combination of a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a muscle relaxant (MR). The primary outcome of this study was the reduction in mean pain score at the time of ED disposition.\n            \n            \n              Results\n              \n                In total, we analyzed 196 patients. At the time of ED disposition, patients in the TPI group had a mean reduction in their pain scores of 45.0 mm as compared to 49.9 mm in the NSAID plus MR group (difference: 4.9 [95\\% confidence interval (CI) −3.0 to 12.7],\n                P\n                 = .22). At the first reassessment, patients in the TPI group had greater pain reduction by 10.7 mm (95\\% CI 3.1 to 18.4). The rate of rescue therapy use was higher in the NSAID plus MR group (difference: 17.5\\% [95\\% CI 4.4 to 36.2]).\n              \n            \n            \n              Conclusions\n              We found no difference in pain reduction at the time of ED disposition between patients randomized to the ultrasound‐guided TPI group as compared to those who received an NSAID plus a MR. However, patients in the TPI group had greater pain reduction at the time of first reassessment and lower rates of rescue therapy use.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Farrow, Robert A. and Newberry, Mark and Zitek, Tony and Farrow, Jackie and Mechanic, Oren J. and Rosselli, Michael},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {1023--1032},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
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\n Objectives Patients frequently present to the emergency department (ED) with neck or back pain, which can be difficult to treat. We sought to compare ultrasound‐guided trigger point injection (TPI) to standard medications for patients with neck or back pain. Methods We performed a single‐center, open label, randomized controlled trial on ED patients with neck or back pain from myofascial pain syndrome comparing ultrasound‐guided TPIs to those who received the combination of a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a muscle relaxant (MR). The primary outcome of this study was the reduction in mean pain score at the time of ED disposition. Results In total, we analyzed 196 patients. At the time of ED disposition, patients in the TPI group had a mean reduction in their pain scores of 45.0 mm as compared to 49.9 mm in the NSAID plus MR group (difference: 4.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) −3.0 to 12.7], P  = .22). At the first reassessment, patients in the TPI group had greater pain reduction by 10.7 mm (95% CI 3.1 to 18.4). The rate of rescue therapy use was higher in the NSAID plus MR group (difference: 17.5% [95% CI 4.4 to 36.2]). Conclusions We found no difference in pain reduction at the time of ED disposition between patients randomized to the ultrasound‐guided TPI group as compared to those who received an NSAID plus a MR. However, patients in the TPI group had greater pain reduction at the time of first reassessment and lower rates of rescue therapy use.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cerebellar Infarction from a Vertebral Artery Dissection after Blunt Chest Injury: A Case Report.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lamour, D.; Solano, J. J.; Rutherford, J.; and Alter, S. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 7(4). October 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CerebellarPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lamour_cerebellar_2023,\n\ttitle = {Cerebellar {Infarction} from a {Vertebral} {Artery} {Dissection} after {Blunt} {Chest} {Injury}: {A} {Case} {Report}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {2474-252X},\n\tshorttitle = {Cerebellar {Infarction} from a {Vertebral} {Artery} {Dissection} after {Blunt} {Chest} {Injury}},\n\turl = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v81b392},\n\tdoi = {10.5811/CPCEM.1301},\n\tabstract = {Introduction: Traumatic vertebral artery dissections resulting in stroke are relatively rare occurrences, especially in the absence of classic physical examination findings.Case Report: We present the case of a 30-year-old male with chest pain following a car axle falling onto his chest while trying to change a tire. He was discharged from the emergency department after having a negative workup for thoracic injury. Six hours later, the patient returned with headache and was found to have a cerebellar stroke secondary to vertebral artery dissection. After hospitalization, the patient was discharged home without any neurological deficits.Conclusion: As they are usually asymptomatic, up to 80\\% of patients with blunt cerebrovascular injury will have delayed or missed diagnoses. Given the increased awareness of vascular injuries and their high morbidity, physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Lamour, Daniella and Solano, Joshua J. and Rutherford, Jovana and Alter, Scott M.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n Introduction: Traumatic vertebral artery dissections resulting in stroke are relatively rare occurrences, especially in the absence of classic physical examination findings.Case Report: We present the case of a 30-year-old male with chest pain following a car axle falling onto his chest while trying to change a tire. He was discharged from the emergency department after having a negative workup for thoracic injury. Six hours later, the patient returned with headache and was found to have a cerebellar stroke secondary to vertebral artery dissection. After hospitalization, the patient was discharged home without any neurological deficits.Conclusion: As they are usually asymptomatic, up to 80% of patients with blunt cerebrovascular injury will have delayed or missed diagnoses. Given the increased awareness of vascular injuries and their high morbidity, physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 157 An Assessment of the Prevalence of Clostridium Tetani in the Environment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shalaby, M.; Catenazzi, A.; Smith, M.; Farrow, R.; and Farcy, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 82(4): S68. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"157Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{shalaby_157_2023,\n\ttitle = {157 {An} {Assessment} of the {Prevalence} of {Clostridium} {Tetani} in the {Environment}},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\turl = {https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(23)00835-1/abstract},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Shalaby, M. and Catenazzi, A. and Smith, M. and Farrow, R. and Farcy, D.},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {S68},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\n  \n 2022\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Young Patient After Drowning.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lamour, D.; Turchiaro, M. L.; Clayton, L. M.; and Solano, J. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 79(6): 570–578. June 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"YoungPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lamour_young_2022,\n\ttitle = {Young {Patient} {After} {Drowning}},\n\tvolume = {79},\n\tissn = {01960644},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196064422000075},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.01.007},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Lamour, Daniella and Turchiaro, Michael L. and Clayton, Lisa M. and Solano, Joshua J.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {570--578},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound-guided retroclavicular approach to the infraclavicular region (RAPTIR) brachial plexus block for anterior shoulder reduction.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yu, M.; Shalaby, M.; Luftig, J.; Cooper, M.; and Farrow, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of emergency medicine, 63(1): 83–87. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Ultrasound-guidedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{yu_ultrasound-guided_2022,\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound-guided retroclavicular approach to the infraclavicular region ({RAPTIR}) brachial plexus block for anterior shoulder reduction},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467922002888},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of emergency medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Yu, Melissa and Shalaby, Michael and Luftig, Josh and Cooper, Maxwell and Farrow, Robert},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {83--87},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The use of additional imaging studies after biliary point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zitek, T.; Fernandez, S.; Newberry, M. A.; De Oca, R. M.; Kinas, D.; Kheradia, T.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Emergency Radiology, 30(1): 19–26. October 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{zitek_use_2022,\n\ttitle = {The use of additional imaging studies after biliary point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {1438-1435},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10140-022-02095-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10140-022-02095-5},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Emergency Radiology},\n\tauthor = {Zitek, Tony and Fernandez, Stephanie and Newberry, Mark A. and De Oca, Roman Montes and Kinas, David and Kheradia, Tarang and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {19--26},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Point of care ultrasound needle guidance to assist diagnosis of acute gluteal compartment syndrome.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Puebla, D. L.; Apicella, M.; Mechanic, O. J.; and Farrow II, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 62: 147–e5. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PointPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{puebla_point_2022,\n\ttitle = {Point of care ultrasound needle guidance to assist diagnosis of acute gluteal compartment syndrome},\n\tvolume = {62},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675722005770},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Puebla, Daniel L. and Apicella, Matthew and Mechanic, Oren J. and Farrow II, Robert A.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {147--e5},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 311 Ultrasound-Guided Trigger Point Injections for the Treatment of Neck and Back Pain in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Trial.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Farrow, R.; Newberry, M.; Zitek, T.; Farrow, J.; Mechanic, O.; and Rosselli, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 80(4): S133. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"311Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{farrow_311_2022,\n\ttitle = {311 {Ultrasound}-{Guided} {Trigger} {Point} {Injections} for the {Treatment} of {Neck} and {Back} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}: {A} {Randomized} {Trial}},\n\tvolume = {80},\n\tshorttitle = {311 {Ultrasound}-{Guided} {Trigger} {Point} {Injections} for the {Treatment} of {Neck} and {Back} {Pain} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\turl = {https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(22)00927-1/abstract},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Farrow, R. and Newberry, M. and Zitek, T. and Farrow, J. and Mechanic, O. and Rosselli, M.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {S133},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n  \n 2021\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Puebla, D. L.; and Farrow, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n . 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Ultrasound-guidedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{puebla_ultrasound-guided_2021,\n\ttitle = {Ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis},\n\turl = {https://europepmc.org/article/nbk/nbk573084},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tauthor = {Puebla, Daniel L. and Farrow, Robert A.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indirect signs of aortic dissection on POC-TTE despite an ADD-RS of 0 and D-dimer\\textless 500 ng/mL.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hill, A.; Farrow II, R.; Rusoja, E.; and Nagdev, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 50: 813–e1. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"IndirectPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hill_indirect_2021,\n\ttitle = {Indirect signs of aortic dissection on {POC}-{TTE} despite an {ADD}-{RS} of 0 and {D}-dimer{\\textless} 500 ng/{mL}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675721004526},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Hill, Alexandra and Farrow II, Robert and Rusoja, Evan and Nagdev, Arun},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {813--e1},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n  \n 2020\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Peng Block - 5 Min Sono.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Farrow II, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PengPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 4 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@misc{farrow_ii_peng_2020,\n\ttitle = {Peng {Block} - 5 {Min} {Sono}},\n\turl = {https://coreultrasound.com/5ms_peng/},\n\tabstract = {5 minute tutorial on PENG Block},\n\tlanguage = {english},\n\tpublisher = {CoreUltrasound},\n\tauthor = {Farrow II, Robert},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\n 5 minute tutorial on PENG Block\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Stellate Ganglion Nerve Block by Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Treatment of Refractory Infarction-Induced Ventricular Fibrillation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Margus, C.; Correa, A.; Cheung, W.; Blaikie, E.; Kuo, K.; Hockensmith, A.; Kinas, D.; and She, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Emergency Medicine, 75(2): 257–260. February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"StellatePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{margus_stellate_2020,\n\ttitle = {Stellate {Ganglion} {Nerve} {Block} by {Point}-of-{Care} {Ultrasonography} for {Treatment} of {Refractory} {Infarction}-{Induced} {Ventricular} {Fibrillation}},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {01960644},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196064419306122},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.07.026},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Margus, Colton and Correa, Ashish and Cheung, William and Blaikie, Erika and Kuo, Kevin and Hockensmith, Adam and Kinas, David and She, Trent},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {257--260},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n How to perform ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve blocks.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nagdev, A.; Becherer-Bailey, G.; Farrow, R.; and Mantuani, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ACEP Now, 39(4): 21–22. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"HowPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{nagdev_how_2020,\n\ttitle = {How to perform ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve blocks},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\turl = {https://www.acepnow.com/article/how-to-perform-ultrasound-guided-interscalene-nerve-blocks/2/?singlepage=1},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {ACEP Now},\n\tauthor = {Nagdev, Arun and Becherer-Bailey, Graham and Farrow, Rob and Mantuani, Daniel},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {21--22},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Early multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of respiratory distress during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: case report.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Robert Farrow, I. I.; Becherer-Bailey, G.; Mantuani, D.; and Nagdev, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 4(2): 129. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EarlyPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{robert_farrow_early_2020,\n\ttitle = {Early multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of respiratory distress during {SARS}-{CoV}-2 outbreak: case report},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tshorttitle = {Early multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of respiratory distress during {SARS}-{CoV}-2 outbreak},\n\turl = {https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7220010/},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Robert Farrow, I. I. and Becherer-Bailey, Graham and Mantuani, Daniel and Nagdev, Arun},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {129},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n  \n 2019\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Presenting as Pneumaturia and the Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Emergency Department.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brown, N.; Petersen, P.; Kinas, D.; and Newberry, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Case Reports in Emergency Medicine, 2019: 1–5. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EmphysematousPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{brown_emphysematous_2019,\n\ttitle = {Emphysematous {Pyelonephritis} {Presenting} as {Pneumaturia} and the {Use} of {Point}-of-{Care} {Ultrasound} in the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\tvolume = {2019},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n\tissn = {2090-648X, 2090-6498},\n\turl = {https://www.hindawi.com/journals/criem/2019/6903193/},\n\tdoi = {10.1155/2019/6903193},\n\tabstract = {Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare form of pyelonephritis causing a severe infection of the renal system that includes gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system and surrounding tissue often presenting with sepsis. We report the case of a 60-year-old male with poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and “peeing air.” CT scan revealed air extending from the left renal parenchyma, perinephric fat and into the bladder, consistent with emphysematous pyelonephritis. Bedside point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) subsequently revealed dirty shadowing and reverberation artifacts in the left kidney and the bladder consistent with gas in the urinary collecting system. By understanding the identifying artifacts seen with EPN, reflective shadow and reverberation artifact, the emergency physician may be alerted to the diagnosis sooner. Often this illness presents similarly to simple, acute pyelonephritis or undifferentiated sepsis. Therefore, POCUS allows for real time consideration of this condition while in the emergency department and thus prompter time to treatment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Case Reports in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Brown, Natasha and Petersen, Paul and Kinas, David and Newberry, Mark},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {1--5},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare form of pyelonephritis causing a severe infection of the renal system that includes gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system and surrounding tissue often presenting with sepsis. We report the case of a 60-year-old male with poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and “peeing air.” CT scan revealed air extending from the left renal parenchyma, perinephric fat and into the bladder, consistent with emphysematous pyelonephritis. Bedside point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) subsequently revealed dirty shadowing and reverberation artifacts in the left kidney and the bladder consistent with gas in the urinary collecting system. By understanding the identifying artifacts seen with EPN, reflective shadow and reverberation artifact, the emergency physician may be alerted to the diagnosis sooner. Often this illness presents similarly to simple, acute pyelonephritis or undifferentiated sepsis. Therefore, POCUS allows for real time consideration of this condition while in the emergency department and thus prompter time to treatment.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Emergency Medicine Resident-Driven Point of Care Ultrasound for Suspected Shoulder Dislocation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Boswell, B.; Farrow, R.; Rosselli, M.; Farcy, D. A.; Santana, L.; Santos, C. D.; and Cubeddu, L. X.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Southern Medical Journal, 112(12): 605–609. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EmergencyPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{boswell_emergency_2019,\n\ttitle = {Emergency {Medicine} {Resident}-{Driven} {Point} of {Care} {Ultrasound} for {Suspected} {Shoulder} {Dislocation}.},\n\tvolume = {112},\n\turl = {https://europepmc.org/article/med/31796968},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2025-09-30},\n\tjournal = {Southern Medical Journal},\n\tauthor = {Boswell, Benjamin and Farrow, Robert and Rosselli, Michael and Farcy, David A. and Santana, Luanna and Santos, C. D. and Cubeddu, Luigi X.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {605--609},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n  \n 2018\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Point-of-Care Ultrasound Identifies Decompensated Heart Failure in a Young Male with Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy Presenting in Severe Sepsis to the Emergency Department.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kinas, D.; Dalley, M.; Guidry, K.; Newberry, M. A.; and Farcy, D. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Case Reports in Emergency Medicine, 2018: 1–6. October 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Point-of-CarePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kinas_point--care_2018,\n\ttitle = {Point-of-{Care} {Ultrasound} {Identifies} {Decompensated} {Heart} {Failure} in a {Young} {Male} with {Methamphetamine}-{Associated} {Cardiomyopathy} {Presenting} in {Severe} {Sepsis} to the {Emergency} {Department}},\n\tvolume = {2018},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n\tissn = {2090-648X, 2090-6498},\n\turl = {https://www.hindawi.com/journals/criem/2018/2859676/},\n\tdoi = {10.1155/2018/2859676},\n\tabstract = {We describe a case of a young male who presents to the emergency department with severe sepsis and decompensated heart failure with underlying Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy that was previously undiagnosed. This presentation is unique because Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy is an uncommonly reported condition that presented in a complex clinical scenario of severe sepsis and decompensated congestive heart failure. We discuss how we used point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in this case to identify an unsuspected disease process and how it changed our initial resuscitation strategy and management. Emergency physicians can utilize point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to help identify these high-risk patients in the emergency department and guide appropriate resuscitation. Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy (MAC) is an infrequently described complication of methamphetamine abuse, most commonly presented as a nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. With the rise in methamphetamine abuse in the United States, complications from methamphetamine use are more commonly presenting to the emergency department. Proper education and rehabilitation, with a goal of abstinence from amphetamine use, may allow patients to potentially regain normal cardiac function. Since the majority of patients present late with severe cardiac dysfunction, early detection is essential amongst critically ill patients since recognition may significantly influence ED management.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2026-06-17},\n\tjournal = {Case Reports in Emergency Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Kinas, David and Dalley, Michael and Guidry, Kayla and Newberry, Mark A. and Farcy, David A.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--6},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n We describe a case of a young male who presents to the emergency department with severe sepsis and decompensated heart failure with underlying Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy that was previously undiagnosed. This presentation is unique because Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy is an uncommonly reported condition that presented in a complex clinical scenario of severe sepsis and decompensated congestive heart failure. We discuss how we used point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in this case to identify an unsuspected disease process and how it changed our initial resuscitation strategy and management. Emergency physicians can utilize point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to help identify these high-risk patients in the emergency department and guide appropriate resuscitation. Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy (MAC) is an infrequently described complication of methamphetamine abuse, most commonly presented as a nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. With the rise in methamphetamine abuse in the United States, complications from methamphetamine use are more commonly presenting to the emergency department. Proper education and rehabilitation, with a goal of abstinence from amphetamine use, may allow patients to potentially regain normal cardiac function. Since the majority of patients present late with severe cardiac dysfunction, early detection is essential amongst critically ill patients since recognition may significantly influence ED management.\n
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