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\n  \n 2025\n \n \n (7)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n El derecho de la sociedad algorítmica: El Carnaval tiene su derecho, quien no pueda con el, que no se meta.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stamford Da Silva, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n MAD, (53): 151–169. December 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ElPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{stamford_da_silva_derecho_2025,\n\ttitle = {El derecho de la sociedad algorítmica: {El} {Carnaval} tiene su derecho, quien no pueda con el, que no se meta},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0},\n\tissn = {0718-0527, 0718-0527},\n\tshorttitle = {El derecho de la sociedad algorítmica},\n\turl = {https://revistamad.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/82304},\n\tdoi = {10.5354/0719-0527.2025.82304},\n\tabstract = {La presencia de los algoritmos computacionales en los diversos ámbitos de la vida cotidiana nos ha llevado a proponer la expresión «sociedad algorítmica”. Para investigar cómo los algoritmos están influyendo en el derecho de la sociedad, accedimos a Internet en busca de casos. Las búsquedas se realizan utilizando los siguientes términos, en español, inglés y portugués: «algoritmos y derecho”, «inteligencia artificial y derecho”, «inteligencia artificial y casos jurídicos”; «inteligencia artificial y decisión jurídica”. Las respuestas se recopilan y los datos se exponen en una hoja de cálculo Excel y son analizadas con la perspectiva de la teoría de la sociedad como sistema de comunicación con sentido de Niklas Luhmann. En nuestro relevamiento observamos dos extremos: por un lado, quienes consideran la relación entre los algoritmos y el derecho como una vía para resolver diversos problemas de la práctica jurídica y, por otro lado, quienes consideran perjudicial dicha relación, pues los algoritmos de inteligencia artificial sustituirán al ser humano. Lo investigado hasta el momento nos lleva a considerar que ambos extremos resultan engañosos, no solo porque el futurismo es una forma de autoilusión, sino porque la responsabilidad de la toma de decisiones humanas nunca dejará de ser humana. Al fin y al cabo, en toda interpretación humana (incluida la jurídica), la atribución de valor, la aceptación o no de un argumento, de una información, no es una cuestión de voluntad exclusiva del intérprete, sino que cuenta con la participación y la presencia de diversos elementos de la materialidad, la temporalidad y la socialidad del sentido.},\n\tnumber = {53},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {MAD},\n\tauthor = {Stamford Da Silva, Artur},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpages = {151--169},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n La presencia de los algoritmos computacionales en los diversos ámbitos de la vida cotidiana nos ha llevado a proponer la expresión «sociedad algorítmica”. Para investigar cómo los algoritmos están influyendo en el derecho de la sociedad, accedimos a Internet en busca de casos. Las búsquedas se realizan utilizando los siguientes términos, en español, inglés y portugués: «algoritmos y derecho”, «inteligencia artificial y derecho”, «inteligencia artificial y casos jurídicos”; «inteligencia artificial y decisión jurídica”. Las respuestas se recopilan y los datos se exponen en una hoja de cálculo Excel y son analizadas con la perspectiva de la teoría de la sociedad como sistema de comunicación con sentido de Niklas Luhmann. En nuestro relevamiento observamos dos extremos: por un lado, quienes consideran la relación entre los algoritmos y el derecho como una vía para resolver diversos problemas de la práctica jurídica y, por otro lado, quienes consideran perjudicial dicha relación, pues los algoritmos de inteligencia artificial sustituirán al ser humano. Lo investigado hasta el momento nos lleva a considerar que ambos extremos resultan engañosos, no solo porque el futurismo es una forma de autoilusión, sino porque la responsabilidad de la toma de decisiones humanas nunca dejará de ser humana. Al fin y al cabo, en toda interpretación humana (incluida la jurídica), la atribución de valor, la aceptación o no de un argumento, de una información, no es una cuestión de voluntad exclusiva del intérprete, sino que cuenta con la participación y la presencia de diversos elementos de la materialidad, la temporalidad y la socialidad del sentido.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Citation Functions and Their Role in Scientific Organization.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vélez Cuartas, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Invernizzi, N.; and Rodriguez Medina, L., editor(s), Latin American Breakthroughs in STS Theory, pages 367–387. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2025.\n Series Title: Transnationalizing Theory in Science and Technology Studies\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CitationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@incollection{invernizzi_citation_2025,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Citation {Functions} and {Their} {Role} in {Scientific} {Organization}},\n\tisbn = {978-981-96-5418-5 978-981-96-5419-2},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-96-5419-2_15},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-96-5419-2_15},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tbooktitle = {Latin {American} {Breakthroughs} in {STS} {Theory}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Vélez Cuartas, Gabriel},\n\teditor = {Invernizzi, Noela and Rodriguez Medina, Leandro},\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tnote = {Series Title: Transnationalizing Theory in Science and Technology Studies},\n\tpages = {367--387},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Algoritmos da sociedade.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Luz Costa, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n MAD, (53): 8–29. December 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AlgoritmosPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{luz_costa_algoritmos_2025,\n\ttitle = {Algoritmos da sociedade},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0},\n\tissn = {0718-0527, 0718-0527},\n\turl = {https://revistamad.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/82294},\n\tdoi = {10.5354/0719-0527.2025.82294},\n\tabstract = {Este artigo analisa como o entendimento que a sociedade empreende de si mesma, ao se autodescrever, está cada vez mais mediado por programas baseados em algoritmos. O termo “algoritmos da sociedade” destaca o papel dessas operações na descrição social, evidenciando que elas configuram contextos e estruturas autônomas dentro dos próprios sistemas digitais. Inspirando-se em A Sociedade da Sociedade, de Niklas Luhmann, o artigo investiga como a autodescrição social passa a incorporar a mediação algorítmica, ampliando o alcance e a articulação das semânticas sociais. O texto aprofunda as noções de “forma” e “meio” para servir ao argumento de que algoritmos estruturam operações sociais e possibilidades comunicacionais: algoritmos deixaram de ser apenas ferramentas externas e passaram a operar como elementos internos da autodescrição social, respondendo à exigência de lidar com complexidade, aceleração e diferenciação funcional. Os indicadores apresentados sugerem que decisões essenciais hoje são mediadas por sistemas algorítmicos, cuja legitimidade se naturaliza apesar da opacidade de seus critérios. Conclui-se que, ao se tornarem operadores de decisão e sentido, os algoritmos reconfiguram a maneira como a sociedade se observa, se organiza e produz significado no presente.},\n\tnumber = {53},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {MAD},\n\tauthor = {Luz Costa, Antônio},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpages = {8--29},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Este artigo analisa como o entendimento que a sociedade empreende de si mesma, ao se autodescrever, está cada vez mais mediado por programas baseados em algoritmos. O termo “algoritmos da sociedade” destaca o papel dessas operações na descrição social, evidenciando que elas configuram contextos e estruturas autônomas dentro dos próprios sistemas digitais. Inspirando-se em A Sociedade da Sociedade, de Niklas Luhmann, o artigo investiga como a autodescrição social passa a incorporar a mediação algorítmica, ampliando o alcance e a articulação das semânticas sociais. O texto aprofunda as noções de “forma” e “meio” para servir ao argumento de que algoritmos estruturam operações sociais e possibilidades comunicacionais: algoritmos deixaram de ser apenas ferramentas externas e passaram a operar como elementos internos da autodescrição social, respondendo à exigência de lidar com complexidade, aceleração e diferenciação funcional. Os indicadores apresentados sugerem que decisões essenciais hoje são mediadas por sistemas algorítmicos, cuja legitimidade se naturaliza apesar da opacidade de seus critérios. Conclui-se que, ao se tornarem operadores de decisão e sentido, os algoritmos reconfiguram a maneira como a sociedade se observa, se organiza e produz significado no presente.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ¿Legitimación artificial?: Posibilidades, paradojas e ironías de la relación entre comunicación digital y legitimación mediante procedimientos.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pignuoli Ocampo, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n MAD, (53): 130–150. December 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"¿LegitimaciónPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{pignuoli_ocampo_legitimacion_2025,\n\ttitle = {¿{Legitimación} artificial?: {Posibilidades}, paradojas e ironías de la relación entre comunicación digital y legitimación mediante procedimientos},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0},\n\tissn = {0718-0527, 0718-0527},\n\tshorttitle = {¿{Legitimación} artificial?},\n\turl = {https://revistamad.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/82303},\n\tdoi = {10.5354/0719-0527.2025.82303},\n\tabstract = {Este ensayo de interpretación sociológica explora las tensiones entre comunicación digital y legitimación mediante procedimientos en el marco de una sociología de la comunicación artificial. Se reconstruye la emergencia del medio de comunicación digital, su diferenciación entre los medios de propagación de la sociedad y se establece la relación medial y operativa entre comunicación digital y comunicación artificial. A continuación, se analizan comparativamente las posibilidades comunicativas desinhibidas por la comunicación digital y por la comunicación artificial respectivamente. El principal resultado del cotejo es la identificación de diferencias técnicas, temporales y de participación entre comunicación digital y comunicación artificial en sus respectivas integraciones en organizaciones judiciales, electorales, parlamentarias y administrativas responsables de la toma e implementación de decisiones colectivamente vinculantes. En las conclusiones, las diferencias son evaluadas en vista de los distintos desafíos presentadas por cada una de ellas a la legitimación mediante procedimientos.},\n\tnumber = {53},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {MAD},\n\tauthor = {Pignuoli Ocampo, Sergio},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpages = {130--150},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Este ensayo de interpretación sociológica explora las tensiones entre comunicación digital y legitimación mediante procedimientos en el marco de una sociología de la comunicación artificial. Se reconstruye la emergencia del medio de comunicación digital, su diferenciación entre los medios de propagación de la sociedad y se establece la relación medial y operativa entre comunicación digital y comunicación artificial. A continuación, se analizan comparativamente las posibilidades comunicativas desinhibidas por la comunicación digital y por la comunicación artificial respectivamente. El principal resultado del cotejo es la identificación de diferencias técnicas, temporales y de participación entre comunicación digital y comunicación artificial en sus respectivas integraciones en organizaciones judiciales, electorales, parlamentarias y administrativas responsables de la toma e implementación de decisiones colectivamente vinculantes. En las conclusiones, las diferencias son evaluadas en vista de los distintos desafíos presentadas por cada una de ellas a la legitimación mediante procedimientos.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ¿Por qué la ciencia mantiene un punto de vista masculino?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramírez Ruiz, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ciencia Vital, 3(1). 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"¿PorPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{ramirez_ruiz_por_2025,\n\ttitle = {¿{Por} qué la ciencia mantiene un punto de vista masculino?},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\turl = {https://erevistas.uacj.mx/ojs/index.php/cienciavital/article/view/6638},\n\tdoi = {10.20983/cienciavital.2025.01.soc.01},\n\tabstract = {El artículo analiza la persistente perspectiva masculina en la ciencia, destacando la subrepresentación y discriminación de las mujeres, especialmente en ciencias exactas e ingeniería. Se enfatiza la necesidad de reconocer las contribuciones femeninas y reformar la educación para incluir visiones más inclusivas. El texto también aborda cómo la baja participación femenina afecta la diversidad y equidad en la ciencia, perpetuando sesgos y desigualdades. Subraya la importancia de abordar estas cuestiones para crear un entorno científico más inclusivo y diverso, concluyendo que el cambio hacia prácticas más equitativas es crucial para el progreso científico.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {Ciencia Vital},\n\tauthor = {Ramírez Ruiz, Liliana},\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n El artículo analiza la persistente perspectiva masculina en la ciencia, destacando la subrepresentación y discriminación de las mujeres, especialmente en ciencias exactas e ingeniería. Se enfatiza la necesidad de reconocer las contribuciones femeninas y reformar la educación para incluir visiones más inclusivas. El texto también aborda cómo la baja participación femenina afecta la diversidad y equidad en la ciencia, perpetuando sesgos y desigualdades. Subraya la importancia de abordar estas cuestiones para crear un entorno científico más inclusivo y diverso, concluyendo que el cambio hacia prácticas más equitativas es crucial para el progreso científico.\n
\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Citation Functions and Their Role in Scientific Organization.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vélez-Cuartas, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n July 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CitationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@misc{velez-cuartas_citation_2025,\n\ttitle = {Citation {Functions} and {Their} {Role} in {Scientific} {Organization}.},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode},\n\turl = {https://osf.io/37hjd_v1},\n\tdoi = {10.31235/osf.io/37hjd_v1},\n\tabstract = {This article presents general elements of a citation theory based on the concept of networks (structures) of meaning. From this perspective, citation acts as an operator of meaning, generating structures representing social dynamics in knowledge production. This citation theory allows for observing the trajectories of scientific and humanistic communications. It describes the structural characteristics that lead to the constitution of scientific meaning for both academic and non-academic communities. Initially, the primary debates generated by its use and analysis will be proposed, followed by a theoretical-analytical model of citation in line with the contemporary evolution of its role.},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tpublisher = {SocArXiv},\n\tauthor = {Vélez-Cuartas, Gabriel},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n This article presents general elements of a citation theory based on the concept of networks (structures) of meaning. From this perspective, citation acts as an operator of meaning, generating structures representing social dynamics in knowledge production. This citation theory allows for observing the trajectories of scientific and humanistic communications. It describes the structural characteristics that lead to the constitution of scientific meaning for both academic and non-academic communities. Initially, the primary debates generated by its use and analysis will be proposed, followed by a theoretical-analytical model of citation in line with the contemporary evolution of its role.\n
\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n De la imprenta al algoritmo: reconfiguración sistémica de la autoevaluación científica.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rogel-Salazar, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n MAD, (53): 80–107. December 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{rogel-salazar_imprenta_2025,\n\ttitle = {De la imprenta al algoritmo: reconfiguración sistémica de la autoevaluación científica},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0},\n\tissn = {0718-0527, 0718-0527},\n\tshorttitle = {De la imprenta al algoritmo},\n\turl = {https://revistamad.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/82301},\n\tdoi = {10.5354/0719-0527.2025.82301},\n\tabstract = {En el presente artículo se examina cómo la autoevaluación del sistema ciencia ha sido reprogramada mediante acoplamientos con infraestructuras algorítmicas, manteniendo inalterado el código binario verdadero/falso distintivo de las comunicaciones científicas. Se analizan cuatro dimensiones: 1. Temporalidad: la adopción del preprint y la edición continua han convertido los manuscritos en “documentos vivos”; 2. Visibilidad: la revisión por pares abierta ha desplegado nuevos circuitos de legitimación; 3. Trazabilidad: el versionado, la vinculación a datos y código, y las retractaciones monitorizadas garantizan una memoria operativa auditable; y, 4. Agencia: la incorporación de plataformas LLM y herramientas de IA reconfigura roles y flujos en descubrimiento, redacción y evaluación. Además, se integran patologías emergentes (editoriales depredadoras, paper mills, plagio y uso no declarado de IA) como perturbaciones que afectan los programas y expectativas del sistema. Se propone el concepto de autoevaluación algorítmicamente mediada como categoría heurística. Se concluye que la autoevaluación persiste como función esencial, aunque sus formas han sido reconfiguradas por nuevas infraestructuras sociotécnicas que exigen criterios de transparencia y responsabilidad acordes al régimen de comunicación actual.},\n\tnumber = {53},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {MAD},\n\tauthor = {Rogel-Salazar, Rosario},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpages = {80--107},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n En el presente artículo se examina cómo la autoevaluación del sistema ciencia ha sido reprogramada mediante acoplamientos con infraestructuras algorítmicas, manteniendo inalterado el código binario verdadero/falso distintivo de las comunicaciones científicas. Se analizan cuatro dimensiones: 1. Temporalidad: la adopción del preprint y la edición continua han convertido los manuscritos en “documentos vivos”; 2. Visibilidad: la revisión por pares abierta ha desplegado nuevos circuitos de legitimación; 3. Trazabilidad: el versionado, la vinculación a datos y código, y las retractaciones monitorizadas garantizan una memoria operativa auditable; y, 4. Agencia: la incorporación de plataformas LLM y herramientas de IA reconfigura roles y flujos en descubrimiento, redacción y evaluación. Además, se integran patologías emergentes (editoriales depredadoras, paper mills, plagio y uso no declarado de IA) como perturbaciones que afectan los programas y expectativas del sistema. Se propone el concepto de autoevaluación algorítmicamente mediada como categoría heurística. Se concluye que la autoevaluación persiste como función esencial, aunque sus formas han sido reconfiguradas por nuevas infraestructuras sociotécnicas que exigen criterios de transparencia y responsabilidad acordes al régimen de comunicación actual.\n
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\n  \n 2023\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Artificial Intelligence and Democracy: A Conceptual Framework.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jungherr, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Media + Society, 9(3): 20563051231186353. July 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ArtificialPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{jungherr_artificial_2023,\n\ttitle = {Artificial {Intelligence} and {Democracy}: {A} {Conceptual} {Framework}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2056-3051, 2056-3051},\n\tshorttitle = {Artificial {Intelligence} and {Democracy}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20563051231186353},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/20563051231186353},\n\tabstract = {The success and widespread deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) have raised awareness of the technology’s economic, social, and political consequences. Each new step in the development and application of AI is accompanied by speculations about a supposedly imminent but largely fictional artificial general intelligence (AGI) with (super-)human capacities, as seen in the unfolding discourse about capabilities and impact of large language models (LLMs) in the wake of ChatGPT. These far-reaching expectations lead to a discussion on the societal and political impact of AI that is largely dominated by unfocused fears and enthusiasms. In contrast, this article provides a framework for a more focused and productive analysis and discussion of AI’s likely impact on one specific social field: democracy. First, it is necessary to be clear about the workings of AI. This means differentiating between what is at present a largely imaginary AGI and narrow artificial intelligence focused on solving specific tasks. This distinction allows for a critical discussion of how AI affects different aspects of democracy, including its effects on the conditions of self-rule and people’s opportunities to exercise it, equality, the institution of elections, and competition between democratic and autocratic systems of government. This article shows that the consequences of today’s AI are more specific for democracy than broad speculation about AGI capabilities implies. Focusing on these specific aspects will account for actual threats and opportunities and thus allow for better monitoring of AI’s impact on democracy in an interdisciplinary effort by computer and social scientists.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {Social Media + Society},\n\tauthor = {Jungherr, Andreas},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {20563051231186353},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n The success and widespread deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) have raised awareness of the technology’s economic, social, and political consequences. Each new step in the development and application of AI is accompanied by speculations about a supposedly imminent but largely fictional artificial general intelligence (AGI) with (super-)human capacities, as seen in the unfolding discourse about capabilities and impact of large language models (LLMs) in the wake of ChatGPT. These far-reaching expectations lead to a discussion on the societal and political impact of AI that is largely dominated by unfocused fears and enthusiasms. In contrast, this article provides a framework for a more focused and productive analysis and discussion of AI’s likely impact on one specific social field: democracy. First, it is necessary to be clear about the workings of AI. This means differentiating between what is at present a largely imaginary AGI and narrow artificial intelligence focused on solving specific tasks. This distinction allows for a critical discussion of how AI affects different aspects of democracy, including its effects on the conditions of self-rule and people’s opportunities to exercise it, equality, the institution of elections, and competition between democratic and autocratic systems of government. This article shows that the consequences of today’s AI are more specific for democracy than broad speculation about AGI capabilities implies. Focusing on these specific aspects will account for actual threats and opportunities and thus allow for better monitoring of AI’s impact on democracy in an interdisciplinary effort by computer and social scientists.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Autopoietic Character of Society.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Demetis, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Systems Thinking, 3(1). 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{demetis_autopoietic_2023,\n\ttitle = {The {Autopoietic} {Character} of {Society}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/},\n\tissn = {2767-3847},\n\turl = {https://scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.54120/jost.0000013},\n\tdoi = {10.54120/jost.0000013},\n\tabstract = {Following the articulation of the concept of autopoiesis in the biological realm by Maturana and Varela, this chapter introduces the basic principles and questions that led to the development of social autopoiesis. In exploring the developments around the autopoietic character of society, this chapter focuses on the core ideas behind Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory as an abstraction and expansion of the biologically-inspired autopoiesis. The central ideas around Luhmann’s decision to operationalise the system/environment distinction as a society/human distinction are discussed while the principles of the different function subsystems of society are outlined. A sample of applications that apply Luhmann’s ideas are provided and one of these cases is expanded.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Systems Thinking},\n\tauthor = {Demetis, Dionysios},\n\tyear = {2023},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Following the articulation of the concept of autopoiesis in the biological realm by Maturana and Varela, this chapter introduces the basic principles and questions that led to the development of social autopoiesis. In exploring the developments around the autopoietic character of society, this chapter focuses on the core ideas behind Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory as an abstraction and expansion of the biologically-inspired autopoiesis. The central ideas around Luhmann’s decision to operationalise the system/environment distinction as a society/human distinction are discussed while the principles of the different function subsystems of society are outlined. A sample of applications that apply Luhmann’s ideas are provided and one of these cases is expanded.\n
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\n  \n 2022\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Materiality and Autonomy Big Data in the Education System.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tække, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cybernetics and Human Knowing, 29(3-4). 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"MaterialityPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{taekke_materiality_2022,\n\ttitle = {Materiality and {Autonomy} {Big} {Data} in the {Education} {System}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\turl = {https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/imp/chk/2022/00000029/f0020003/art00008#},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\tjournal = {Cybernetics and Human Knowing},\n\tauthor = {Tække, Jesper},\n\tyear = {2022},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Is There a Trade-Off Between Human Autonomy and the ‘Autonomy’ of AI Systems?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prunkl, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Müller, V. C., editor(s), Philosophy and Theory of Artificial Intelligence 2021, volume 63, pages 67–71. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2022.\n Series Title: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"IsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@incollection{muller_is_2022,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Is {There} a {Trade}-{Off} {Between} {Human} {Autonomy} and the ‘{Autonomy}’ of {AI} {Systems}?},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tisbn = {978-3-031-09152-0 978-3-031-09153-7},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-09153-7_6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-031-09153-7_6},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tbooktitle = {Philosophy and {Theory} of {Artificial} {Intelligence} 2021},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Prunkl, Carina},\n\teditor = {Müller, Vincent C.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Series Title: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics},\n\tpages = {67--71},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comunicação artificial? A produção de contingência por algoritmos: A produção de contingência por algoritmos.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Esposito, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Revista Brasileira de Sociologia do Direito, 9(1): 4–21. January 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ComunicaçãoPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{esposito_comunicacao_2022,\n\ttitle = {Comunicação artificial? {A} produção de contingência por algoritmos: {A} produção de contingência por algoritmos},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0},\n\tissn = {2359-5582},\n\tshorttitle = {Comunicação artificial?},\n\turl = {https://revista.abrasd.com.br/index.php/rbsd/article/view/638},\n\tdoi = {10.21910/rbsd.v9i1.638},\n\tabstract = {O discurso sobre algoritmos inteligentes e agentes sociais digitais ainda se refere principalmente à construção de uma inteligência artificial que reproduz faculdades de indivíduos. No entanto, desenvolvimentos recentes mostram que os algoritmos são mais eficientes quando abandonam esse objetivo e, em vez disso, tentam reproduzir a capacidade de comunicação. Algoritmos, que não “pensam” como pessoas, podem provocar alterações na capacidade de se obter e processar informações na sociedade. Recorrendo ao conceito de comunicação da teoria dos sistemas sociais de Niklas Luhmann, este artigo reconstrói, criticamente, o debate sobre a guinada computacional do big data, atribuindo-lhe o sentido de uma reprodução artificial da comunicação, e não da inteligência. Algoritmos capazes de autoaprendizagem parasitariamente tiram vantagem, seja consciente ou inconscientemente, da contribuição dos usuários da web para uma “dupla contingência virtual”. Isso abastece a sociedade com informações que não fazem parte do pensamento de ninguém. No entanto, elas entram no circuito comunicativo social, aumentando sua complexidade. O conceito de comunicação deve ser reconsiderado, a fim de levar em conta esses desenvolvimentos, incluindo (ou não) a possibilidade de comunicação com algoritmos.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {Revista Brasileira de Sociologia do Direito},\n\tauthor = {Esposito, Elena},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {4--21},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n O discurso sobre algoritmos inteligentes e agentes sociais digitais ainda se refere principalmente à construção de uma inteligência artificial que reproduz faculdades de indivíduos. No entanto, desenvolvimentos recentes mostram que os algoritmos são mais eficientes quando abandonam esse objetivo e, em vez disso, tentam reproduzir a capacidade de comunicação. Algoritmos, que não “pensam” como pessoas, podem provocar alterações na capacidade de se obter e processar informações na sociedade. Recorrendo ao conceito de comunicação da teoria dos sistemas sociais de Niklas Luhmann, este artigo reconstrói, criticamente, o debate sobre a guinada computacional do big data, atribuindo-lhe o sentido de uma reprodução artificial da comunicação, e não da inteligência. Algoritmos capazes de autoaprendizagem parasitariamente tiram vantagem, seja consciente ou inconscientemente, da contribuição dos usuários da web para uma “dupla contingência virtual”. Isso abastece a sociedade com informações que não fazem parte do pensamento de ninguém. No entanto, elas entram no circuito comunicativo social, aumentando sua complexidade. O conceito de comunicação deve ser reconsiderado, a fim de levar em conta esses desenvolvimentos, incluindo (ou não) a possibilidade de comunicação com algoritmos.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Artificial Communication: How Algorithms Produce Social Intelligence.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Esposito, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The MIT Press, May 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ArtificialPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@book{esposito_artificial_2022,\n\ttitle = {Artificial {Communication}: {How} {Algorithms} {Produce} {Social} {Intelligence}},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/},\n\tisbn = {978-0-262-36886-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Artificial {Communication}},\n\turl = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/5338/Artificial-CommunicationHow-Algorithms-Produce},\n\tdoi = {10.7551/mitpress/14189.001.0001},\n\tabstract = {A proposal that we think about digital technologies such as machine learning not in terms of artificial intelligence but as artificial communication.\n            Algorithms that work with deep learning and big data are getting so much better at doing so many things that it makes us uncomfortable. How can a device know what our favorite songs are, or what we should write in an email? Have machines become too smart? In Artificial Communication, Elena Esposito argues that drawing this sort of analogy between algorithms and human intelligence is misleading. If machines contribute to social intelligence, it will not be because they have learned how to think like us but because we have learned how to communicate with them. Esposito proposes that we think of “smart” machines not in terms of artificial intelligence but in terms of artificial communication.\n            To do this, we need a concept of communication that can take into account the possibility that a communication partner may be not a human being but an algorithm—which is not random and is completely controlled, although not by the processes of the human mind. Esposito investigates this by examining the use of algorithms in different areas of social life. She explores the proliferation of lists (and lists of lists) online, explaining that the web works on the basis of lists to produce further lists; the use of visualization; digital profiling and algorithmic individualization, which personalize a mass medium with playlists and recommendations; and the implications of the “right to be forgotten.” Finally, she considers how photographs today seem to be used to escape the present rather than to preserve a memory.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tpublisher = {The MIT Press},\n\tauthor = {Esposito, Elena},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2022},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n A proposal that we think about digital technologies such as machine learning not in terms of artificial intelligence but as artificial communication. Algorithms that work with deep learning and big data are getting so much better at doing so many things that it makes us uncomfortable. How can a device know what our favorite songs are, or what we should write in an email? Have machines become too smart? In Artificial Communication, Elena Esposito argues that drawing this sort of analogy between algorithms and human intelligence is misleading. If machines contribute to social intelligence, it will not be because they have learned how to think like us but because we have learned how to communicate with them. Esposito proposes that we think of “smart” machines not in terms of artificial intelligence but in terms of artificial communication. To do this, we need a concept of communication that can take into account the possibility that a communication partner may be not a human being but an algorithm—which is not random and is completely controlled, although not by the processes of the human mind. Esposito investigates this by examining the use of algorithms in different areas of social life. She explores the proliferation of lists (and lists of lists) online, explaining that the web works on the basis of lists to produce further lists; the use of visualization; digital profiling and algorithmic individualization, which personalize a mass medium with playlists and recommendations; and the implications of the “right to be forgotten.” Finally, she considers how photographs today seem to be used to escape the present rather than to preserve a memory.\n
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\n  \n 2021\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n El Sistema Político de Niklas Luhmann. Dr. Javier Torres Nafarrete, Universidad Iberoamericana.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n May 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ElPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@misc{sedano_sistema_2021,\n\ttitle = {El {Sistema} {Político} de {Niklas} {Luhmann}. {Dr}. {Javier} {Torres} {Nafarrete}, {Universidad} {Iberoamericana}},\n\turl = {https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=t29D2bEEUvE},\n\tcollaborator = {Sedano, Carlos},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n  \n 2020\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ¿Qué es la inteligencia artificial y cómo se usa?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n September 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"¿QuéPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@misc{noauthor_que_2020,\n\ttitle = {¿{Qué} es la inteligencia artificial y cómo se usa?},\n\turl = {https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/es/article/20200827STO85804/que-es-la-inteligencia-artificial-y-como-se-usa},\n\tabstract = {Es el presente y el futuro de la tecnología. Pero, ¿en qué consiste exactamente la inteligencia artificial (IA) y cómo influye ya en nuestras vidas?},\n\tlanguage = {es},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {Temas {\\textbar} Parlamento Europeo},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n Es el presente y el futuro de la tecnología. Pero, ¿en qué consiste exactamente la inteligencia artificial (IA) y cómo influye ya en nuestras vidas?\n
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\n  \n 2019\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Will Democracy Survive Big Data and Artificial Intelligence?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Helbing, D.; Frey, B. S.; Gigerenzer, G.; Hafen, E.; Hagner, M.; Hofstetter, Y.; van den Hoven, J.; Zicari, R. V.; and Zwitter, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Helbing, D., editor(s), Towards Digital Enlightenment: Essays on the Dark and Light Sides of the Digital Revolution, pages 73–98. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WillPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@incollection{helbing_will_2019,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Will {Democracy} {Survive} {Big} {Data} and {Artificial} {Intelligence}?},\n\tisbn = {978-3-319-90869-4},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90869-4_7},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-319-90869-4_7},\n\tabstract = {We are in the middle of a technological upheaval that will transform the way society is organized. We must make the right decisions now.Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one’s understanding without guidance from another.—Immanuel Kant, “What is Enlightenment?” (1784)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tbooktitle = {Towards {Digital} {Enlightenment}: {Essays} on the {Dark} and {Light} {Sides} of the {Digital} {Revolution}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Helbing, Dirk and Frey, Bruno S. and Gigerenzer, Gerd and Hafen, Ernst and Hagner, Michael and Hofstetter, Yvonne and van den Hoven, Jeroen and Zicari, Roberto V. and Zwitter, Andrej},\n\teditor = {Helbing, Dirk},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Applicable Data Protection Law, Automatic Control Strategy, Collective Intelligence, Cybernetic Loop, Intelligent Beings},\n\tpages = {73--98},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n We are in the middle of a technological upheaval that will transform the way society is organized. We must make the right decisions now.Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one’s understanding without guidance from another.—Immanuel Kant, “What is Enlightenment?” (1784)\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n What is the ‘Social’ in Climate Change Research? A Case Study on Scientific Representations from Chile.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Billi, M.; Blanco, G.; and Urquiza, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Minerva, 57(3): 293–315. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WhatPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{billi_what_2019,\n\ttitle = {What is the ‘{Social}’ in {Climate} {Change} {Research}? {A} {Case} {Study} on {Scientific} {Representations} from {Chile}},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tissn = {0026-4695, 1573-1871},\n\tshorttitle = {What is the ‘{Social}’ in {Climate} {Change} {Research}?},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11024-019-09369-2},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11024-019-09369-2},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {Minerva},\n\tauthor = {Billi, Marco and Blanco, Gustavo and Urquiza, Anahí},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {293--315},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n  \n 2006\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n La sociedad de la sociedad.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Luhmann, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Herder - Universidad Iberoamericana, México, 1a edición en español edition, 2006.\n Título en alemán: Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft. Traducción: Javier Torres Nafarrate bajo el cuidado conceptual de Darío Rodríguez Mansilla, y estilístico de Marco Ornelas Esquinca y de Rafael Mesa Iturbide.\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"LaPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@book{luhmann_sociedad_2006,\n\taddress = {México},\n\tedition = {1a edición en español},\n\ttitle = {La sociedad de la sociedad},\n\tisbn = {968-5807-20-5},\n\turl = {https://circulosemiotico.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/la-sociedad-de-la-sociedad-niklas-luhmann.pdf},\n\tlanguage = {Español},\n\tpublisher = {Herder - Universidad Iberoamericana},\n\tauthor = {Luhmann, Niklas},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {Título en alemán: Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft. Traducción: Javier Torres Nafarrate bajo el cuidado conceptual de Darío Rodríguez Mansilla, y estilístico de Marco Ornelas Esquinca y de Rafael Mesa Iturbide.},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n  \n 2003\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Autopoiesis, la unidad de una diferencia: Luhmann y Maturana.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rodríguez M., D.; and Torres N., J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociologias, (9): 106–140. January 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Autopoiesis,Paper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{rodriguez_m_autopoiesis_2003,\n\ttitle = {Autopoiesis, la unidad de una diferencia: {Luhmann} y {Maturana}},\n\tissn = {1517-4522},\n\tshorttitle = {Autopoiesis, la unidad de una diferencia},\n\turl = {http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-45222003000100005&lng=es&tlng=es},\n\tdoi = {10.1590/S1517-45222003000100005},\n\tabstract = {El artículo ofrece una reseña de la fructífera relación teórica entre Niklas Luhmann y Humberto Maturana. La teoría luhmanniana es un edificio conceptual cuyas dimensiones abarcan la comprensión de todo lo social. Pese al fallecimiento del autor en 1998, todavía hoy se continúan publicando escritos póstumos y la influencia de su pensamiento se extiende paulatinamente a diversos ámbitos de las ciencias sociales. Parte central de este complejo pensamiento se desarrolla con la ayuda de conceptos que Luhmann adaptó de la biología de Humberto Maturana. En este trabajo se explica el modo de esta vinculación y los alcances que tiene para la comprensión de la sociedad globalizada moderna.\n          , \n            The article presents a synopsis of the fruitful relationship between Niklas Luhmann and Humberto Maturana. The Luhmannian theory is a conceptual structure whose dimensions include the understanding of the social as a whole. Notwithstanding the passing of the author in 1998, his posthumous writings are still being published and the influence of his thinking is gradually extended to several domains within social sciences. A core part of that complex thinking was developed with the benefit of concepts that Luhmann adapted from Humberto Maturana's biology. This study explains the workings of such tie and its reach for understanding modern globalized society.},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {Sociologias},\n\tauthor = {Rodríguez M., Darío and Torres N., Javier},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {106--140},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n El artículo ofrece una reseña de la fructífera relación teórica entre Niklas Luhmann y Humberto Maturana. La teoría luhmanniana es un edificio conceptual cuyas dimensiones abarcan la comprensión de todo lo social. Pese al fallecimiento del autor en 1998, todavía hoy se continúan publicando escritos póstumos y la influencia de su pensamiento se extiende paulatinamente a diversos ámbitos de las ciencias sociales. Parte central de este complejo pensamiento se desarrolla con la ayuda de conceptos que Luhmann adaptó de la biología de Humberto Maturana. En este trabajo se explica el modo de esta vinculación y los alcances que tiene para la comprensión de la sociedad globalizada moderna. , The article presents a synopsis of the fruitful relationship between Niklas Luhmann and Humberto Maturana. The Luhmannian theory is a conceptual structure whose dimensions include the understanding of the social as a whole. Notwithstanding the passing of the author in 1998, his posthumous writings are still being published and the influence of his thinking is gradually extended to several domains within social sciences. A core part of that complex thinking was developed with the benefit of concepts that Luhmann adapted from Humberto Maturana's biology. This study explains the workings of such tie and its reach for understanding modern globalized society.\n
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\n  \n 1996\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Las semillas de la cibernética.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Von Foerster, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Gedisa, Barcelona, 1996.\n OCLC: 1097724752\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"LasPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@book{von_foerster_semillas_1996,\n\taddress = {Barcelona},\n\ttitle = {Las semillas de la cibernética},\n\tisbn = {978-84-7432-414-3},\n\turl = {https://monoskop.org/images/2/24/Von_Foerster_Heinz_Las_semillas_de_la_cibernetica_1991.pdf},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tpublisher = {Gedisa},\n\tauthor = {Von Foerster, Heinz},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {OCLC: 1097724752},\n}\n
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\n  \n 1992\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n What is Communication?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Luhmann, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Communication Theory, 2(3): 251–259. August 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WhatPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{luhmann_what_1992,\n\ttitle = {What is {Communication}?},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm\\_license\\_1.1},\n\tissn = {1050-3293, 1468-2885},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/ct/article/2/3/251-259/4430861},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1468-2885.1992.tb00042.x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2026-06-28},\n\tjournal = {Communication Theory},\n\tauthor = {Luhmann, Niklas},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tpages = {251--259},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n  \n undefined\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n El derecho de la sociedad algorítmica: El Carnaval tiene su derecho, quien no pueda con el, que no se meta.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n . .\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{noauthor_derecho_nodate,\n\ttitle = {El derecho de la sociedad algorítmica: {El} {Carnaval} tiene su derecho, quien no pueda con el, que no se meta},\n}\n\n\n\n
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