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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n “Quality is an Illusion”: Effects of Market Power on Expert and Farm Infrastructures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurian, A. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values,01622439251389279. November 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n![\"“Quality](\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t "\\"Paper\\"\n\t")
Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kurian_quality_2025,\n\ttitle = {“{Quality} is an {Illusion}”: {Effects} of {Market} {Power} on {Expert} and {Farm} {Infrastructures}},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {“{Quality} is an {Illusion}”},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01622439251389279},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/01622439251389279},\n\tabstract = {I examine the fallout of quality's unstable nature on expert and farm infrastructures in India's FCV tobacco sector, drawing on a state regulatory expert's frustrated claim that quality is a mithya (illusion). Quality serves dual functions: as an objective scientific parameter that experts use to standardize tobacco leaf grades, and as part of a price discovery mechanism influenced by market fluctuations. Through ethnographic fieldwork in tobacco-growing regions, I show how dominant buyers strategically exploit quality's instability to serve their commercial interests, detaching quality from technical specifications. I contribute to STS literature on quality standards by demonstrating how quality's instability has material consequences—suppressing farmers' remuneration, undermining expert authority, and making public and farmer investments redundant. I also engage debates on the “crisis of expertise,” arguing that expert frustration stems from contradictions in pursuing market-oriented science for social outcomes. Under neoliberal restructuring of state–market relations, farmers lose confidence in expert guidance focused on improving quality rather than protecting their interests, breaking down traditional expert–farmer relations that supported agricultural improvement. My analysis reveals broader tensions between scientific expertise and market forces in contemporary agriculture, demonstrating how commodifying quality metrics undermines both expert authority and farm livelihoods.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-11-14},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Kurian, Amrita A.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Cash Crops, Ethnography, Expertise, Farmers, Market and Innovation, Neoliberalism, Quality, Standardisation, Tobacco},\n\tpages = {01622439251389279},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n I examine the fallout of quality's unstable nature on expert and farm infrastructures in India's FCV tobacco sector, drawing on a state regulatory expert's frustrated claim that quality is a mithya (illusion). Quality serves dual functions: as an objective scientific parameter that experts use to standardize tobacco leaf grades, and as part of a price discovery mechanism influenced by market fluctuations. Through ethnographic fieldwork in tobacco-growing regions, I show how dominant buyers strategically exploit quality's instability to serve their commercial interests, detaching quality from technical specifications. I contribute to STS literature on quality standards by demonstrating how quality's instability has material consequences—suppressing farmers' remuneration, undermining expert authority, and making public and farmer investments redundant. I also engage debates on the “crisis of expertise,” arguing that expert frustration stems from contradictions in pursuing market-oriented science for social outcomes. Under neoliberal restructuring of state–market relations, farmers lose confidence in expert guidance focused on improving quality rather than protecting their interests, breaking down traditional expert–farmer relations that supported agricultural improvement. My analysis reveals broader tensions between scientific expertise and market forces in contemporary agriculture, demonstrating how commodifying quality metrics undermines both expert authority and farm livelihoods.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A History of India's Green Revolution: Reign of Technocracy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, August 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{kumar_history_2025,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {A {History} of {India}'s {Green} {Revolution}: {Reign} of {Technocracy}},\n\tisbn = {9781009646581},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/in/universitypress/subjects/history/south-asian-history/history-indias-green-revolution-reign-technocracy?format=HB&isbn=9781009646581#contents},\n\tabstract = {In the mid-1960s, India's 'green revolution' saw the embrace of more productive agricultural practices and high yielding variety seeds, bringing the country out of food scarcity. Although lauded as a success of the Cold War fight against hunger, the green revolution has also faced criticisms for causing ecological degradation and socio-economic inequality. This book contextualizes the 'green revolution' to show the contingencies and pitfalls of agrarian transformation. Prakash Kumar unpacks its contested history, tracing agricultural modernization in India from colonial-era crop development, to land and tenure reforms, community development, and the expansion of arable lands. He also examines the involvement of the colonial state, post-colonial elites, and American modernizers. Over time, all of these efforts came under the spell of technocracy, an unyielding belief in the power of technology to solve social and economic underdevelopment which, Kumar argues, best explains what caused the green revolution.\n\nUnpacks the history of India's 'green revolution' to reveal a contested history of modernization\nIllustrates the advantages and disadvantages of technocratic measures and their impact on society\nDemonstrates the unique influences of both a colonial past and Americanist modernizing forces},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Prakash},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Research, Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, Crop Yields, Green Revolution in India, Nehru, Jawaharlal, Nehruvian Science, Post-Independence India, Social History of Technology, Technocracy, Technology Transfer},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the mid-1960s, India's 'green revolution' saw the embrace of more productive agricultural practices and high yielding variety seeds, bringing the country out of food scarcity. Although lauded as a success of the Cold War fight against hunger, the green revolution has also faced criticisms for causing ecological degradation and socio-economic inequality. This book contextualizes the 'green revolution' to show the contingencies and pitfalls of agrarian transformation. Prakash Kumar unpacks its contested history, tracing agricultural modernization in India from colonial-era crop development, to land and tenure reforms, community development, and the expansion of arable lands. He also examines the involvement of the colonial state, post-colonial elites, and American modernizers. Over time, all of these efforts came under the spell of technocracy, an unyielding belief in the power of technology to solve social and economic underdevelopment which, Kumar argues, best explains what caused the green revolution. Unpacks the history of India's 'green revolution' to reveal a contested history of modernization Illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of technocratic measures and their impact on society Demonstrates the unique influences of both a colonial past and Americanist modernizing forces\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n What Standards Do and Whom They Serve: Fixing, Practising and Delivering Per Capita Water Supply Standards in Cities in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tiwale, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 8(2): 601–623. April 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tiwale_what_2025,\n\ttitle = {What {Standards} {Do} and {Whom} {They} {Serve}: {Fixing}, {Practising} and {Delivering} {Per} {Capita} {Water} {Supply} {Standards} in {Cities} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {2514-8486, 2514-8494},\n\tshorttitle = {What standards do and whom they serve},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/25148486241310074},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/25148486241310074},\n\tabstract = {This paper examines how the per capita standards of water supply are fixed, practised and delivered in cities in India. The per capita standard of water supply is a key figure in deciding the quantum of water cities can extract from adjacent regions and the amount of water individual citizens are entitled to consume. It is one of the critical parameters determining the sizing of the urban water infrastructure from the source to tap. The analysis of the per capita standard of water supply reveals a disconnect between setting per capita standards, practising these standards during the planning and designing of water supply infrastructure and delivering water as per these standards to the citizens. The per capita standards are prescribed with multiple objectives, changed frequently without providing any rationale and lack theoretical or empirical evidence substantiating them. The convenient values of per capita standards are used by the standard prescribing authorities, planners and engineers to achieve their own goals. Moreover, these standards are not monitored during service delivery to ensure water supply according to the design standards for all citizens. As a result, the per capita standard of water supply, a useful metric for planners (to allocate financial resources) and engineers (to design infrastructure), remains a fictitious number during service delivery for citizens.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-09-18},\n\tjournal = {Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space},\n\tauthor = {Tiwale, Sachin},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Engineering, Governance, India, Per Capita Standards, Urban Infrastructure, Water Politics, Water Supply},\n\tpages = {601--623},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper examines how the per capita standards of water supply are fixed, practised and delivered in cities in India. The per capita standard of water supply is a key figure in deciding the quantum of water cities can extract from adjacent regions and the amount of water individual citizens are entitled to consume. It is one of the critical parameters determining the sizing of the urban water infrastructure from the source to tap. The analysis of the per capita standard of water supply reveals a disconnect between setting per capita standards, practising these standards during the planning and designing of water supply infrastructure and delivering water as per these standards to the citizens. The per capita standards are prescribed with multiple objectives, changed frequently without providing any rationale and lack theoretical or empirical evidence substantiating them. The convenient values of per capita standards are used by the standard prescribing authorities, planners and engineers to achieve their own goals. Moreover, these standards are not monitored during service delivery to ensure water supply according to the design standards for all citizens. As a result, the per capita standard of water supply, a useful metric for planners (to allocate financial resources) and engineers (to design infrastructure), remains a fictitious number during service delivery for citizens.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n “Responsible to Science and Responsive to Society”: The Executive, Bureaucracy, and Genetically Modified Food Crops in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Aga, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of the American Association of Geographers,1–17. August 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{aga_responsible_2025,\n\ttitle = {“{Responsible} to {Science} and {Responsive} to {Society}”: {The} {Executive}, {Bureaucracy}, and {Genetically} {Modified} {Food} {Crops} in {India}},\n\tissn = {2469-4452, 2469-4460},\n\tshorttitle = {“{Responsible} to {Science} and {Responsive} to {Society}”},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24694452.2025.2534561},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/24694452.2025.2534561},\n\tabstract = {This article provides a fine-grained account of negotiations at the highest level of government on the question of releasing genetically modified (GM) crops, which are at the heart of the global food industry. I analyze the tenure of three successive federal environment ministers in India at the peak of the controversy over GM food crops and trace the shifting configurations of power and expertise in the production of governance. My ethnography highlights transverse exchanges within and across departments that strain topographic maps of the state. Hierarchy and technical expertise count, but in topological terms of reach rather than topographic metaphors of vertical or horizontal. Further, in the face of uncertainty, addressing epistemic gaps is a crucial logic for the spatial extension of the state and a key area of negotiation within and across departments, and between the bureaucracy and the cabinet of ministers. I thus suggest that the relationship between expertise and politicization is topological and highlight implications for democratic politics in India and beyond.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-19},\n\tjournal = {Annals of the American Association of Geographers},\n\tauthor = {Aga, Aniket},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Bt Brinjal, Bt Cotton, Bureaucracy, Expertise, Food, GMOs, India, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T System in India, Science \\& Democracy, Scientific Elites, State \\& Science, Technocracy},\n\tpages = {1--17},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article provides a fine-grained account of negotiations at the highest level of government on the question of releasing genetically modified (GM) crops, which are at the heart of the global food industry. I analyze the tenure of three successive federal environment ministers in India at the peak of the controversy over GM food crops and trace the shifting configurations of power and expertise in the production of governance. My ethnography highlights transverse exchanges within and across departments that strain topographic maps of the state. Hierarchy and technical expertise count, but in topological terms of reach rather than topographic metaphors of vertical or horizontal. Further, in the face of uncertainty, addressing epistemic gaps is a crucial logic for the spatial extension of the state and a key area of negotiation within and across departments, and between the bureaucracy and the cabinet of ministers. I thus suggest that the relationship between expertise and politicization is topological and highlight implications for democratic politics in India and beyond.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n `ABOUT THE STS-IN BIBLIOGRAPHY.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n `STS-IN\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@misc{sts-in_about_2025,\n\ttitle = {`{ABOUT} {THE} {STS}-{IN} {BIBLIOGRAPHY}},\n\tcopyright = {Science and Technology Studies in India Network},\n\turl = {https://stsin.org/zotero/},\n\tabstract = {Dear Scholars,\n\nWelcome to the STS-IN BIBLIOGRAPHY of research publications relevant to STS in South Asia managed by the STS-India Network. This bibliography, a work-in-progress, consists of research publications relevant to Science and Technology Studies in South Asia. STS research in South Asia has a long history that dates back (at least) to the early twentieth century and this bibliography project aims to showcase the richness and diversity of this literature. The STS-IN Bibliography is hosted on the independent online open-source bibliographic data management platform Zotero, which allows readers to search, organise and download bibliographic entries according to their specific needs. We strongly recommend you create an account on Zotero for a better user experience.\n\nBefore you start exploring the STS-IN Bibliography, please note the following:\n\nThis is an ongoing project. While we have made every effort to include relevant publications, it is impossible to include everything. Currently the bibliography represents less than 25\\% of the estimated literature. Therefore, we encourage all of you to participate in this collaborative project by suggesting missing entries using the Google form (cplease visit the STS-IN website). If your work as an STS scholar is missing from the bibliography, please feel free to report it to us.\n\nThe criteria we have used in selecting publications for the STS-IN Bibliography are: \n\na) Works that engage with STS theories, concepts, and methods, and \n\nb) works that directly engage with the South Asian context(s). \n\nAll the publications included here strictly adhere to these criteria. That is to say, an author/STS scholar (not necessarily of South Asian origin) is included in the repository only if their work is relevant to STS in South Asia. Science and Technology Studies is broadly defined here as the interdisciplinary field of research that analyses the social (including historical, political, economic and cultural) relations and embeddedness of science and technology.\n\nThe STS-IN bibliography dataset will allow you to custom search dataset as well as download (sync with your own Zotero library) the entries to your computer using your personal Zotero account. \n\nIf you have any queries or concerns, please contact us at stsinconf@gmail.com. We welcome your feedback and suggestions to improve the bibliography. \n\nFor more details, please visit https://stsin.org/zotero/\n\nThank you!\n\nBest wishes,\n\nSTS-IN Bibliography Managing Committee\n(11.08.2025)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {STS-IN},\n\tauthor = {`STS-IN},\n\tyear = {2025},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Dear Scholars, Welcome to the STS-IN BIBLIOGRAPHY of research publications relevant to STS in South Asia managed by the STS-India Network. This bibliography, a work-in-progress, consists of research publications relevant to Science and Technology Studies in South Asia. STS research in South Asia has a long history that dates back (at least) to the early twentieth century and this bibliography project aims to showcase the richness and diversity of this literature. The STS-IN Bibliography is hosted on the independent online open-source bibliographic data management platform Zotero, which allows readers to search, organise and download bibliographic entries according to their specific needs. We strongly recommend you create an account on Zotero for a better user experience. Before you start exploring the STS-IN Bibliography, please note the following: This is an ongoing project. While we have made every effort to include relevant publications, it is impossible to include everything. Currently the bibliography represents less than 25% of the estimated literature. Therefore, we encourage all of you to participate in this collaborative project by suggesting missing entries using the Google form (cplease visit the STS-IN website). If your work as an STS scholar is missing from the bibliography, please feel free to report it to us. The criteria we have used in selecting publications for the STS-IN Bibliography are: a) Works that engage with STS theories, concepts, and methods, and b) works that directly engage with the South Asian context(s). All the publications included here strictly adhere to these criteria. That is to say, an author/STS scholar (not necessarily of South Asian origin) is included in the repository only if their work is relevant to STS in South Asia. Science and Technology Studies is broadly defined here as the interdisciplinary field of research that analyses the social (including historical, political, economic and cultural) relations and embeddedness of science and technology. The STS-IN bibliography dataset will allow you to custom search dataset as well as download (sync with your own Zotero library) the entries to your computer using your personal Zotero account. If you have any queries or concerns, please contact us at stsinconf@gmail.com. We welcome your feedback and suggestions to improve the bibliography. For more details, please visit https://stsin.org/zotero/ Thank you! Best wishes, STS-IN Bibliography Managing Committee (11.08.2025)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Community-led Institutional Innovation: Groundwater Sharing, Values and Relationships in India’s Rainfed Farming Systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, R. S.; and Longino, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 112: 102–111. August 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_community-led_2025,\n\ttitle = {Community-led {Institutional} {Innovation}: {Groundwater} {Sharing}, {Values} and {Relationships} in {India}’s {Rainfed} {Farming} {Systems}},\n\tvolume = {112},\n\tissn = {0039-3681},\n\tshorttitle = {Community-led institutional innovation},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368125000767},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.shpsa.2025.06.011},\n\tabstract = {"It is generally acknowledged that action is more successful when informed by knowledge than when undertaken in ignorance. But whose knowledge and knowledge of what support successful action? And, if these are important questions, then so are questions about what counts as success and for whom. We explore these questions as they play out in efforts to address diminishing water resources in India, especially in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, where they are articulated both by those who know to survive with rainfed agriculture in the semi-arid Deccan plateau and by a host of other actors including the state, scientists, and development economists who know how to enhance productivity of land and labour in the risk prone rainfed agriculture tracts. We approach our discussion through the frame of values. Our contention is that conventional notions of cognitive values are a factor in favoring certain kinds and sources of knowledge and overlooking others. In particular, in industrializing or modernizing nations, they favor the importation of knowledge from a centralized, cosmopolitan, western-dominated set of understandings over knowledge generated locally, creating corresponding subjective identities whose knowledge is designated native, backward or archaic. Anthropologists and philosophers have recently been interested in valorizing so-called local and indigenous knowledge. In philosophy, there is work showing practical equivalencies among local forms of biological classification and cosmopolitan, academic classification schemes, work employing the framework of epistemic justice and injustice to explore relations between cosmopolitan and indigenous knowledge, not to mention work of several decades standing exploring the patterns and consequences of exclusion and inclusion from academic science of male members of ethnic and racial minorities and women of all races and ethnicities."\n\n[From the introduction]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-07},\n\tjournal = {Studies in History and Philosophy of Science},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Rajeswari S. and Longino, Helen},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Andhra Pradesh, Deccan, Epistemic Pluralism, Epistemic agency, Epistemology, Local knowledge, Values, Water, Water politics},\n\tpages = {102--111},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"It is generally acknowledged that action is more successful when informed by knowledge than when undertaken in ignorance. But whose knowledge and knowledge of what support successful action? And, if these are important questions, then so are questions about what counts as success and for whom. We explore these questions as they play out in efforts to address diminishing water resources in India, especially in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, where they are articulated both by those who know to survive with rainfed agriculture in the semi-arid Deccan plateau and by a host of other actors including the state, scientists, and development economists who know how to enhance productivity of land and labour in the risk prone rainfed agriculture tracts. We approach our discussion through the frame of values. Our contention is that conventional notions of cognitive values are a factor in favoring certain kinds and sources of knowledge and overlooking others. In particular, in industrializing or modernizing nations, they favor the importation of knowledge from a centralized, cosmopolitan, western-dominated set of understandings over knowledge generated locally, creating corresponding subjective identities whose knowledge is designated native, backward or archaic. Anthropologists and philosophers have recently been interested in valorizing so-called local and indigenous knowledge. In philosophy, there is work showing practical equivalencies among local forms of biological classification and cosmopolitan, academic classification schemes, work employing the framework of epistemic justice and injustice to explore relations between cosmopolitan and indigenous knowledge, not to mention work of several decades standing exploring the patterns and consequences of exclusion and inclusion from academic science of male members of ethnic and racial minorities and women of all races and ethnicities.\" [From the introduction]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n What the South is Doing to STS: Globalised Technoloscience and Decolonisation of Knowledge.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Quet, M.; Kleiche-Dray, M.; and Kervran, D. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Boudia, S.; and Peerbaye, A., editor(s), Science and Technology in Society, pages 159–?. ISTE Ltd. & John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London & Hoboken, NJ, 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{quet_what_2025,\n\taddress = {London \\& Hoboken, NJ},\n\ttitle = {What the {South} is {Doing} to {STS}: {Globalised} {Technoloscience} and {Decolonisation} of {Knowledge}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-78945-191-7},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Technology} in {Society}},\n\tpublisher = {ISTE Ltd. \\& John Wiley \\& Sons, Inc.},\n\tauthor = {Quet, Mathieu and Kleiche-Dray, Mina and Kervran, David Dumoulin},\n\teditor = {Boudia, Soraya and Peerbaye, Ashveen},\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Decolonization, Global South, STS Methods, South Asia},\n\tpages = {159--?},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Revisiting Community-based Traditional Irrigation Systems in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gaurav, K.; Sharma, P.; and Sharma, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Heliyon, 11(1): e41684. January 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gaurav_revisiting_2025,\n\ttitle = {Revisiting {Community}-based {Traditional} {Irrigation} {Systems} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {2405-8440},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41684},\n\tabstract = {Several scholars, policy think tanks and advocacy groups have advocated for reviving community-based traditional irrigation systems. Traditional irrigation systems are conceptualised as sustainable and resilient alternatives to large irrigation infrastructures. But do traditional irrigation systems always represent just, sustainable, and resilient alternatives? Based on interviews, focus group discussion, ethnographic fieldwork, and archival research, the paper offers a nuanced socio-historical understanding of one such community-based irrigation system, aka the ahar-pyne system of South Bihar, India. The paper revisits the idea of a community-based irrigation system as a just and sustainable alternative. The paper critiques the conventional and uncritical framing of the traditional irrigation system as a just alternative, employing insights from the STS (science, technology, and society) and critical social science literature on caste and community. While critiquing the traditional irrigation system, the paper explores the epistemic and socio-cultural challenges related to the governance of traditional irrigation systems in today's time.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Heliyon},\n\tauthor = {Gaurav, Kumar and Sharma, Prabhakar and Sharma, Aviram},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpmid = {39866498},\n\tpmcid = {PMC11760314},\n\tkeywords = {India, Resource Governance, Social Shaping of Technology (SST), Subaltern Communities, Traditional Irrigation Systems, Water},\n\tpages = {e41684},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Several scholars, policy think tanks and advocacy groups have advocated for reviving community-based traditional irrigation systems. Traditional irrigation systems are conceptualised as sustainable and resilient alternatives to large irrigation infrastructures. But do traditional irrigation systems always represent just, sustainable, and resilient alternatives? Based on interviews, focus group discussion, ethnographic fieldwork, and archival research, the paper offers a nuanced socio-historical understanding of one such community-based irrigation system, aka the ahar-pyne system of South Bihar, India. The paper revisits the idea of a community-based irrigation system as a just and sustainable alternative. The paper critiques the conventional and uncritical framing of the traditional irrigation system as a just alternative, employing insights from the STS (science, technology, and society) and critical social science literature on caste and community. While critiquing the traditional irrigation system, the paper explores the epistemic and socio-cultural challenges related to the governance of traditional irrigation systems in today's time.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 'Come, Let Us Ascend to the Heavens': The Jantar Mantar at Jaipur and the Politics of Scientific Architecture.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Mochizuki, M. M.; and Županov, I. G., editor(s), Palimpsests of Religious Encounter in Asia, 1500–1800, of Intersections: Interdisciplinary Studies In Early Modern Culture, pages 141–166. Brill, Leiden & Boston, 2025.\n doi:10.1163/9789004522756_006\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{raina_come_2025,\n\taddress = {Leiden \\& Boston},\n\tseries = {Intersections: {Interdisciplinary} {Studies} {In} {Early} {Modern} {Culture}},\n\ttitle = {'{Come}, {Let} {Us} {Ascend} to the {Heavens}': {The} {Jantar} {Mantar} at {Jaipur} and the {Politics}\nof {Scientific} {Architecture}},\n\tisbn = {978-90-04-52274-9 (hardback); 978-90-04-52275-6 (e-book)},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Jantar} {Mantar} at {Jaipur}},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/display/title/63267?language=en&srsltid=AfmBOoped_fh6UNRCJwVVm2dnaVkzigl3h2lWmHAUxaW21_pBB6LqC_A},\n\tabstract = {The astronomical observatory of Jai Singh II in Jaipur has been extensively researched by historians of science. However, in the recent past historians of architecture have been examining the architecture of the city of Jaipur that Jai Singh built and its relation\nto that of the observatory as well and the larger cultural context. The essay discusses the work of the historians of architecture and explores its salience to Jai Singh II’s\nastronomical project, and its significance for the times, both religious and scientific. The distinct appeal of the observatory in these two registers, as well as the cosmopolitan character of the observatory, is evoked in order to understand its iconic status as the world’s largest sun dial.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Palimpsests of {Religious} {Encounter} in {Asia}, 1500–1800},\n\tpublisher = {Brill},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\teditor = {Mochizuki, Mia M. and Županov, Ines G.},\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tnote = {doi:10.1163/9789004522756\\_006},\n\tkeywords = {Architecture, Astronomy, Early modern, India, Jaipur, Jantar Mantar, Medieval, Mohandis, Abdul Khairullah, Observation, Observatory, Rajasthan, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science, Spatial Turn, Urban Studies, Urban infrastructure},\n\tpages = {141--166},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The astronomical observatory of Jai Singh II in Jaipur has been extensively researched by historians of science. However, in the recent past historians of architecture have been examining the architecture of the city of Jaipur that Jai Singh built and its relation to that of the observatory as well and the larger cultural context. The essay discusses the work of the historians of architecture and explores its salience to Jai Singh II’s astronomical project, and its significance for the times, both religious and scientific. The distinct appeal of the observatory in these two registers, as well as the cosmopolitan character of the observatory, is evoked in order to understand its iconic status as the world’s largest sun dial.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Right Data, Wrong Data: Statistical Sampling and the Making of Modern Agriculture in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Saha, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Studies of Science, 55(4): 591–612. August 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{saha_right_2025,\n\ttitle = {Right {Data}, {Wrong} {Data}: {Statistical} {Sampling} and the {Making} of {Modern} {Agriculture} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {0306-3127, 1460-3659},\n\tshorttitle = {Right data, wrong data},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03063127241307947},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/03063127241307947},\n\tabstract = {The size of India’s food deficit became a pressing question for the Indian state in the early years of independence. As different organizations, government bodies, and individuals debated over the ways, means, and expertise needed to tide over the food crisis, policymakers realized that the primary requirement was to have a numerical understanding of the problem. Data became crucial to accurately assess production trends and compare them with requirements. This article looks into the use of statistical methods, particularly, random sampling and production estimation through a crop-cutting technique. Exploring the statistical survey work done by P.C. Mahalanobis in Bengal from the late years of colonial rule to the surveys conducted by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research under the supervision of P.V. Sukhatme and V.G. Panse, the article analyzes how different factors, such as varying revenue systems of different regions and administrative structures, power struggles amongst statisticians, and leverage gained by Indian statisticians from support they received from better known British counterparts, all played a role in determining the nature of statistical tools adopted in India to measure its food production. Inaccurate data continued to be a challenge for the Indian state until well into the late 1950s, and that can now be explained in terms of this discord between Mahalanobis-led Kolkata-ISI and the ICAR of Sukhatme’s time. India continued to follow different methods of statistical survey of foodcrops, thus, the scientific/political establishment always struggled with the apprehension that they did not have the ‘right’ data to come up with the correct assessment of the scene.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Social Studies of Science},\n\tauthor = {Saha, Madhumita},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Colonial India, Data Politics, Food, ICAR, Indian Statistical Institute, Mahalanobis, P.C., Statistics},\n\tpages = {591--612},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The size of India’s food deficit became a pressing question for the Indian state in the early years of independence. As different organizations, government bodies, and individuals debated over the ways, means, and expertise needed to tide over the food crisis, policymakers realized that the primary requirement was to have a numerical understanding of the problem. Data became crucial to accurately assess production trends and compare them with requirements. This article looks into the use of statistical methods, particularly, random sampling and production estimation through a crop-cutting technique. Exploring the statistical survey work done by P.C. Mahalanobis in Bengal from the late years of colonial rule to the surveys conducted by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research under the supervision of P.V. Sukhatme and V.G. Panse, the article analyzes how different factors, such as varying revenue systems of different regions and administrative structures, power struggles amongst statisticians, and leverage gained by Indian statisticians from support they received from better known British counterparts, all played a role in determining the nature of statistical tools adopted in India to measure its food production. Inaccurate data continued to be a challenge for the Indian state until well into the late 1950s, and that can now be explained in terms of this discord between Mahalanobis-led Kolkata-ISI and the ICAR of Sukhatme’s time. India continued to follow different methods of statistical survey of foodcrops, thus, the scientific/political establishment always struggled with the apprehension that they did not have the ‘right’ data to come up with the correct assessment of the scene.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Extractive Loops of Biocapital: Venom Procurement and Antivenom Production in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Quet, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Studies of Science, 55(5): 03063127251347915. June 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{quet_extractive_2025,\n\ttitle = {The {Extractive} {Loops} of {Biocapital}: {Venom} {Procurement} and {Antivenom} {Production} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {0306-3127, 1460-3659},\n\tshorttitle = {The extractive loops of biocapital},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03063127251347915},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/03063127251347915},\n\tabstract = {A growing body of research and scholarship has examined the exploitation of animals by the biopharmaceutical industry, framing it variously in terms of labour, commodification, or hybrid processes. This article adds to the discussion through an ethnography of antivenom manufacturing in India. It introduces the concept of ‘extractive loops’ embedding species, locations, and work practices. Extractive loops form a continuum through which non-human life contributes to the manufacturing of resources (raw materials and finished products). The argument relies on a description of the operations required by the production of antivenom, involving: (a) several animal species (mostly snakes, horses, and rodents), (b) connections between a multiplicity of locations, from outdoor fields to industrial sites, (c) a wide range of professional practices, some of them strictly formalized whereas others are mainly informal (such as snake catching), and (d) heterogeneous exploitation of non-human life and products. Extractive loops highlight a key feature of animal exploitation: a recurring series of extractive practices contributing to the continuous fabrication of natural resources.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Social Studies of Science},\n\tauthor = {Quet, Mathieu},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Animal Studies, Anti-Venom, Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, India, Pharmaceutical Industry, Pharmacology, Snakes},\n\tpages = {03063127251347915},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A growing body of research and scholarship has examined the exploitation of animals by the biopharmaceutical industry, framing it variously in terms of labour, commodification, or hybrid processes. This article adds to the discussion through an ethnography of antivenom manufacturing in India. It introduces the concept of ‘extractive loops’ embedding species, locations, and work practices. Extractive loops form a continuum through which non-human life contributes to the manufacturing of resources (raw materials and finished products). The argument relies on a description of the operations required by the production of antivenom, involving: (a) several animal species (mostly snakes, horses, and rodents), (b) connections between a multiplicity of locations, from outdoor fields to industrial sites, (c) a wide range of professional practices, some of them strictly formalized whereas others are mainly informal (such as snake catching), and (d) heterogeneous exploitation of non-human life and products. Extractive loops highlight a key feature of animal exploitation: a recurring series of extractive practices contributing to the continuous fabrication of natural resources.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Making of Modern Agriculture in Independent India: Global Knowledge Network, National Planning, and the Green Revolution.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Saha, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, September 2025.\n Google-Books-ID: NKdxEQAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{saha_making_2025,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {The {Making} of {Modern} {Agriculture} in {Independent} {India}: {Global} {Knowledge} {Network}, {National} {Planning}, and the {Green} {Revolution}},\n\tisbn = {9781040412299},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Making} of {Modern} {Agriculture} in {Independent} {India}},\n\tabstract = {This book provides a comprehensive historical account of agricultural development in independent India. It studies concerns regarding food shortages in the years immediately after independence, covers the debates over the introduction of Green Revolution technology, and examines the knowledge network that facilitated the introduction of new seeds.The book presents a critical examination of agricultural modernisation—its technoscientific practices, manpower, and institutions—and provides deeper insights into how it shaped the rural economy, the relationships it maintained with agricultural sciences, and the extensive control it sought to exert over the environment. It examines multiple facets of food crop research, from sites of knowledge production, transnational knowledge networks, and the evolution of the research community, to the challenges faced by Indian agricultural scientists.An important contribution, this book will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of South Asian Studies, agriculture, food security, historians of science and technology, environmental studies, developmental studies, agrarian studies, modern Indian history, and the Cold War.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Saha, Madhumita},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: NKdxEQAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Agrarian Crisis, Agricultural Research, Agricultural Technology, Alternative Farming, Green Revolution in India, Scientific Exchange, Technocracy, Technological Cooperation, Technology Transfer, USA},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book provides a comprehensive historical account of agricultural development in independent India. It studies concerns regarding food shortages in the years immediately after independence, covers the debates over the introduction of Green Revolution technology, and examines the knowledge network that facilitated the introduction of new seeds.The book presents a critical examination of agricultural modernisation—its technoscientific practices, manpower, and institutions—and provides deeper insights into how it shaped the rural economy, the relationships it maintained with agricultural sciences, and the extensive control it sought to exert over the environment. It examines multiple facets of food crop research, from sites of knowledge production, transnational knowledge networks, and the evolution of the research community, to the challenges faced by Indian agricultural scientists.An important contribution, this book will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of South Asian Studies, agriculture, food security, historians of science and technology, environmental studies, developmental studies, agrarian studies, modern Indian history, and the Cold War.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Disposability and Inclusion of Brown Bodies.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Agarwal, S. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n American Journal of Biological Anthropology, 186(1): e25003. January 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{agarwal_disposability_2025,\n\ttitle = {The {Disposability} and {Inclusion} of {Brown} {Bodies}},\n\tvolume = {186},\n\tissn = {2692-7691},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/ajpa.25003},\n\tabstract = {While there has been increased awareness of the ethics of curation, research, and teaching with human skeletal remains, there has been little recognition of the millions of skeletal remains from South Asia that were harvested illegally and/or unethically for educational institutions globally for over a century. This article gives a contextualization of the unique history and nature of anatomical teaching collections, and why they are an important locus for a decolonized and antiracist biological anthropology. I present the historical background of how the exportation and commodification of Indian bodies came to dominate the global bone trade. I also discuss how historical necropolitics explicitly erased the identity and objectified South Asian people made into study skeletons, and the way our current practices continue to uphold colonial violence. Finally, I discuss what we might do with these historical collections and the ways that inclusion of Brown voices is critical to ethical practice.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {American Journal of Biological Anthropology},\n\tauthor = {Agarwal, Sabrina C.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpmid = {39034490},\n\tpmcid = {PMC11775433},\n\tkeywords = {Anatomy, Anthropology, Physical, Body Remains, Ethics, India, Medical education, Necropolitics, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Science Education, South Asia, Specimens},\n\tpages = {e25003},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n While there has been increased awareness of the ethics of curation, research, and teaching with human skeletal remains, there has been little recognition of the millions of skeletal remains from South Asia that were harvested illegally and/or unethically for educational institutions globally for over a century. This article gives a contextualization of the unique history and nature of anatomical teaching collections, and why they are an important locus for a decolonized and antiracist biological anthropology. I present the historical background of how the exportation and commodification of Indian bodies came to dominate the global bone trade. I also discuss how historical necropolitics explicitly erased the identity and objectified South Asian people made into study skeletons, and the way our current practices continue to uphold colonial violence. Finally, I discuss what we might do with these historical collections and the ways that inclusion of Brown voices is critical to ethical practice.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n JPS Uberoi: A Beacon for Science and Technology Studies (STS).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thomas, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Contributions to Indian Sociology, 58(2): 255–257. June 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{thomas_jps_2025,\n\ttitle = {{JPS} {Uberoi}: {A} {Beacon} for {Science} and {Technology} {Studies} ({STS})},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {0069-9659, 0973-0648},\n\tshorttitle = {{JPS} {Uberoi}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00699659241304808},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/00699659241304808},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-16},\n\tjournal = {Contributions to Indian Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Thomas, Renny},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {India, Science \\& Culture, Scientism, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {255--257},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Doing STS Now: Of Hackers and Angels in Technoscience.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gül, Z.; Harb, J. I.; Shaik Ali, M.; and Pandian, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 50(1): 3–11. January 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gul_doing_2025,\n\ttitle = {Doing {STS} {Now}: {Of} {Hackers} and {Angels} in {Technoscience}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Doing {STS} {Now}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01622439241298009},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/01622439241298009},\n\tabstract = {"The following editorial is a collaborative endeavor undertaken by Early Career Researchers (ECRs) located in different nations and academic institutions spanning Australia, India, Singapore, and the USA. We were four of the twenty-six participants who met in Singapore in June 2024 for the four-day “STS School” sponsored by Science, Technology, \\& Human Values. The organizers invited us to compose the School's closing plenary, where we spoke on new concepts encountered, perspectives challenged and affirmed, and inspiration for developing future STS projects."\n[From the introduction]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-07},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Gül, Zeynel and Harb, Jenna Imad and Shaik Ali, Misria and Pandian, Sharad},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Practicing STS, STS workshops},\n\tpages = {3--11},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"The following editorial is a collaborative endeavor undertaken by Early Career Researchers (ECRs) located in different nations and academic institutions spanning Australia, India, Singapore, and the USA. We were four of the twenty-six participants who met in Singapore in June 2024 for the four-day “STS School” sponsored by Science, Technology, & Human Values. The organizers invited us to compose the School's closing plenary, where we spoke on new concepts encountered, perspectives challenged and affirmed, and inspiration for developing future STS projects.\" [From the introduction]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Histories of the Sciences and the Politics of History: Essays in Honour of S. Irfan Habib.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Primus Books, Delhi, 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{raina_histories_2025,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Histories of the {Sciences} and the {Politics} of {History}: {Essays} in {Honour} of {S}. {Irfan} {Habib}},\n\tisbn = {978-93-6883-869-2},\n\tshorttitle = {Festschrift {S} {Irfan} {Habib}},\n\turl = {978-93-6883-869-2},\n\tabstract = {The history and politics of the pursuit of the numerous disciplines of the sciences is enmeshed with debates about the impact of colonialism and decolonization, their relationship with emerging ‘global’ concerns, popular and state-driven science policies of governments, as well as their linkages of languages and cultural expressions. All these have been concerns for research in the academic life of Professor S. Irfan Habib. In his honour, Histories of the Sciences and the Politics of History presents contributions by scholars who have associated and worked with him or have been his friends in his intellectual journey. This volume covers a range of subjects from the history of science in South Asia to the trends of science policies in different eras in independent India. Other themes which relate to the scientific and democratic ethos evaluated here include the role of princely states in anti-democratic impulses in South Asia and the problems of terms such as ‘global history’ in history writing. This volume presents us with fresh insights into emerging fields of inquiry in the history of sciences as well as the political nuances of history making and history writing.},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tpublisher = {Primus Books},\n\teditor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Chanakya, H.N., Christian Missionaries, Colonial History, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Domestication of science, Forbes, Geraldine, Habib, S. Irfan, Historiographies, India, Intellectual History, Kerala, Krishna, V.V., Kumar, Deepak, Malabar, Memoirs, Popular Science, Raina, Dhruv, Raj, Kapil, STI Policy, Social Contract of Science, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology, Sociology of Science, Travancore},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The history and politics of the pursuit of the numerous disciplines of the sciences is enmeshed with debates about the impact of colonialism and decolonization, their relationship with emerging ‘global’ concerns, popular and state-driven science policies of governments, as well as their linkages of languages and cultural expressions. All these have been concerns for research in the academic life of Professor S. Irfan Habib. In his honour, Histories of the Sciences and the Politics of History presents contributions by scholars who have associated and worked with him or have been his friends in his intellectual journey. This volume covers a range of subjects from the history of science in South Asia to the trends of science policies in different eras in independent India. Other themes which relate to the scientific and democratic ethos evaluated here include the role of princely states in anti-democratic impulses in South Asia and the problems of terms such as ‘global history’ in history writing. This volume presents us with fresh insights into emerging fields of inquiry in the history of sciences as well as the political nuances of history making and history writing.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Inhabiting Technologies/Modernities: Media and Cultural Practices in South Asia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thirumal, P; and Nuaiman, K.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient Blackswan, Hyderabad, 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{thirumal_inhabiting_2025,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {Inhabiting {Technologies}/{Modernities}: {Media} and {Cultural} {Practices} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tisbn = {9789354428920},\n\tshorttitle = {Inhabiting {Technologies}},\n\turl = {https://www.orientblackswan.com/details?id=9789354428920},\n\tabstract = {Studies of forms of media have focused on either political or cultural histories of media. Political histories study media growth and literacy, and the emergence of liberal democratic institutions in Western and postcolonial societies.\n\nCultural histories study the multiple origins of media technologies, seek lost or marginalised cultural objects, and examine how artefacts are connected to earlier modes of production and consumption.\nWhat is lost in both is the idea that media and technologies have an independent existence, with their own lives, histories, and afterlives. Inhabiting Technologies/Modernities fills this gap, showing how media and technologies create the human condition even as they are created by it. The authors highlight this through everyday artefacts like the book, newspaper, radio, photograph, film, television and activism on digital media.\n\nThe chapters study diverse forms of media/technology in a range of spaces: technological and cultural transitions negotiated in Indian journalism; the popularity of Bollywood films in Nigeria; the depiction of urban spatiality in Malayalam cinema; contested ideas regarding choices of script and technology in south and Northeast India; and the production of textbooks in the Telugu language.\n\nThe volume offers a fresh understanding of interconnections between media, technology, and history, communities, including caste and sexual identities.},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tpublisher = {Orient Blackswan},\n\teditor = {Thirumal, P and Nuaiman, K.A.},\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Cultural History, Cultural Studies of S\\&T, India, Media Technologies, Media and Communication, Media and science, Social History of Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Studies of forms of media have focused on either political or cultural histories of media. Political histories study media growth and literacy, and the emergence of liberal democratic institutions in Western and postcolonial societies. Cultural histories study the multiple origins of media technologies, seek lost or marginalised cultural objects, and examine how artefacts are connected to earlier modes of production and consumption. What is lost in both is the idea that media and technologies have an independent existence, with their own lives, histories, and afterlives. Inhabiting Technologies/Modernities fills this gap, showing how media and technologies create the human condition even as they are created by it. The authors highlight this through everyday artefacts like the book, newspaper, radio, photograph, film, television and activism on digital media. The chapters study diverse forms of media/technology in a range of spaces: technological and cultural transitions negotiated in Indian journalism; the popularity of Bollywood films in Nigeria; the depiction of urban spatiality in Malayalam cinema; contested ideas regarding choices of script and technology in south and Northeast India; and the production of textbooks in the Telugu language. The volume offers a fresh understanding of interconnections between media, technology, and history, communities, including caste and sexual identities.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Special Section: Pedagogic Practice Beyond the Classroom: Insights into Professor JPS Uberoi’s (1934–2024) Teachings.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arora, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Contributions to Indian Sociology, 58(2). June 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{arora_special_2025,\n\ttitle = {Special {Section}: {Pedagogic} {Practice} {Beyond} the {Classroom}: {Insights} into {Professor} {JPS} {Uberoi}’s (1934–2024) {Teachings}},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tshorttitle = {Special issue on {JPS} {Uberoi}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cisa/58/2?publicationCode=cisa},\n\tabstract = {Remebering JPS Uberoi. Sociologist},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Contributions to Indian Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Arora, Vibha},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Anthropology, India, Modernity, Obituary, Sociology, Sociology of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Remebering JPS Uberoi. Sociologist\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Indian Science Community: Historical and Sociological Studies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishna, V. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{krishna_indian_2025,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {The {Indian} {Science} {Community}:\nHistorical and {Sociological} {Studies}},\n\tisbn = {9781041027539},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Indian} {Science} {Community}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/The-Indian-Science-Community-Historical-and-Sociological-Studies/Krishna/p/book/9781032604442?srsltid=AfmBOoojuU5YYgqlgcmKOGI9xsCSR1ukOndgkyYFW1QU4pE_m33k8HGF},\n\tabstract = {This book focuses on the historical and sociological dimensions of scientists working in laboratories in India, offering insights into the historical, sociological and policy factors that shape scientific pursuits. It illuminates the challenges, accomplishments and the evolving role of science in societal development.\n\nThe author initiates a broader discourse on the interplay between scientific advancements, societal contexts and policy frameworks. The book fosters a deeper understanding of science's role in shaping India’s social fabric and contributing to the global scientific dialogue. It also explores issues such as brain drain, science activism and the conflict between university- and government-run models of science.\n\nLucid and topical, the book will be of considerable interest to both social and natural scientists, as well as the general academic community, including research students in science, technology, history, social history of science, science and technology studies and innovation policies.},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Krishna, Venni V.},\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {India, S\\&T System in India, Scientific Community, Sociology of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This book focuses on the historical and sociological dimensions of scientists working in laboratories in India, offering insights into the historical, sociological and policy factors that shape scientific pursuits. It illuminates the challenges, accomplishments and the evolving role of science in societal development. The author initiates a broader discourse on the interplay between scientific advancements, societal contexts and policy frameworks. The book fosters a deeper understanding of science's role in shaping India’s social fabric and contributing to the global scientific dialogue. It also explores issues such as brain drain, science activism and the conflict between university- and government-run models of science. Lucid and topical, the book will be of considerable interest to both social and natural scientists, as well as the general academic community, including research students in science, technology, history, social history of science, science and technology studies and innovation policies.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Flowers of Deception: The Expert’s Nostalgia for a Future’s Past and its Occlusion of Agrarian Labor.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurian, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cultural Anthropology, 39(3): 455–484. August 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kurian_flowers_2024,\n\ttitle = {Flowers of {Deception}: {The} {Expert}’s {Nostalgia} for a {Future}’s {Past} and its {Occlusion} of {Agrarian} {Labor}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2024 Amrita Kurian},\n\tissn = {1548-1360},\n\tshorttitle = {Flowers of {Deception}},\n\turl = {https://journal.culanth.org/index.php/ca/article/view/5471},\n\tdoi = {10.14506/ca39.3.06},\n\tabstract = {Using the lens of affect, this article argues that understanding the sensibilities and allegiances of postcolonial experts is vital to determining who constitutes the expert’s “public” and, thus, who benefits from state interventions and who doesn’t. Following environmental sustainability initiatives in the wake of a parasitic infestation of tobacco in Andhra Pradesh, I analyze experts’ concern for landowning farmers in contrast to their passive neglect and active resentment of landless laborers. The article draws parallels between the experts’ pedagogies and the parasite’s deceptively attractive bloom, which hides complex entanglements between parasite and plant beneath the soil surface. I show that a postcolonial emotional regime idealizes landowning farmers and renders invisible the experts’ and farmers’ common cultural milieu of landownership and collective dependence on caste-based labor. Invoking nostalgia for a lost past, experts’ pedagogies are productive, subsidizing monoculture while neoliberalizing farmers’ subjectivities. By their absenting, laborers face climate precarity and the reproduction of resentment against them.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-11-14},\n\tjournal = {Cultural Anthropology},\n\tauthor = {Kurian, Amrita},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Andhra Pradesh, Environmental crisis, Expertise, Farmers, India, Neoliberalism, Sustainability, Tobacco},\n\tpages = {455--484},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Using the lens of affect, this article argues that understanding the sensibilities and allegiances of postcolonial experts is vital to determining who constitutes the expert’s “public” and, thus, who benefits from state interventions and who doesn’t. Following environmental sustainability initiatives in the wake of a parasitic infestation of tobacco in Andhra Pradesh, I analyze experts’ concern for landowning farmers in contrast to their passive neglect and active resentment of landless laborers. The article draws parallels between the experts’ pedagogies and the parasite’s deceptively attractive bloom, which hides complex entanglements between parasite and plant beneath the soil surface. I show that a postcolonial emotional regime idealizes landowning farmers and renders invisible the experts’ and farmers’ common cultural milieu of landownership and collective dependence on caste-based labor. Invoking nostalgia for a lost past, experts’ pedagogies are productive, subsidizing monoculture while neoliberalizing farmers’ subjectivities. By their absenting, laborers face climate precarity and the reproduction of resentment against them.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A “Scientific Fairy Tale” of Origin of Mammals.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Navare, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science & Education,1–28. October 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{navare_scientific_2024,\n\ttitle = {A “{Scientific} {Fairy} {Tale}” of {Origin} of {Mammals}},\n\tissn = {1573-1901},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-024-00569-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11191-024-00569-1},\n\tabstract = {The ranking of living beings in a hierarchical order has persisted across different cultures and philosophies for millennia. Aristotle’s “ladder of life” and the mediaeval notion of the “great chain of being” categorised organisms into “higher” and “lower” forms. While a hierarchical view of the living world was dominant in biology until the nineteenth century, modern biological thinking attempts to avoid categorising extant organisms as “higher” and “lower” or “primitive” and “advanced”. However, in this paper, I show that the “ladder of life” persists in subtle ways. Critical discourse analysis of current biology textbooks shows a linear history of life, with the “Age of Amphibians” followed by the “Age of Reptiles” and then the “Age of Mammals”. Textbooks downplay episodes in evolutionary history that seemingly counter this linear history of life, such as the “dominance” of ancient relatives of mammals before the “Age of Reptiles”. I further argue that by terming the ancient relatives of mammals as proto-mammals but dinosaurs as reptiles (not “proto-reptiles”), the “origin” of mammals is delayed, and problematise this terminology. I argue that similar to the origin stories of nations or human groups, the “origin” of taxonomic groups can be powerful tools that give an appearance of purpose for their existence. The origin of mammals as nocturnal creatures during the “age of darkness” when “monstrous” reptiles were “dominating” gives the narrative moral and political undertones. In addition to implicitly justifying the “Age of Mammals”, this linear and hierarchical history of life limits understanding of the diversity and richness of life.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-10-13},\n\tjournal = {Science \\& Education},\n\tauthor = {Navare, Charudatta},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Biology, Classification, Feminist Epistemology, Feminist STS, Textbooks, Values},\n\tpages = {1--28},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The ranking of living beings in a hierarchical order has persisted across different cultures and philosophies for millennia. Aristotle’s “ladder of life” and the mediaeval notion of the “great chain of being” categorised organisms into “higher” and “lower” forms. While a hierarchical view of the living world was dominant in biology until the nineteenth century, modern biological thinking attempts to avoid categorising extant organisms as “higher” and “lower” or “primitive” and “advanced”. However, in this paper, I show that the “ladder of life” persists in subtle ways. Critical discourse analysis of current biology textbooks shows a linear history of life, with the “Age of Amphibians” followed by the “Age of Reptiles” and then the “Age of Mammals”. Textbooks downplay episodes in evolutionary history that seemingly counter this linear history of life, such as the “dominance” of ancient relatives of mammals before the “Age of Reptiles”. I further argue that by terming the ancient relatives of mammals as proto-mammals but dinosaurs as reptiles (not “proto-reptiles”), the “origin” of mammals is delayed, and problematise this terminology. I argue that similar to the origin stories of nations or human groups, the “origin” of taxonomic groups can be powerful tools that give an appearance of purpose for their existence. The origin of mammals as nocturnal creatures during the “age of darkness” when “monstrous” reptiles were “dominating” gives the narrative moral and political undertones. In addition to implicitly justifying the “Age of Mammals”, this linear and hierarchical history of life limits understanding of the diversity and richness of life.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Postcolonial Theory of Science and Other Knowledge Forms: The Engagement with Cognitive and Epistemic Justice.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Transcultural Studies, 15(1-2): 112–134. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_postcolonial_2024,\n\ttitle = {Postcolonial {Theory} of {Science} and {Other} {Knowledge} {Forms}: {The} {Engagement} with {Cognitive} and {Epistemic} {Justice}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2025 The Journal of Transcultural Studies},\n\tissn = {2191-6411},\n\tshorttitle = {Postcolonial {Theory} of {Science} and {Other} {Knowledge} {Forms}},\n\turl = {https://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/transcultural/article/view/25088},\n\tdoi = {10.17885/heiup.jts.2024.1-2.25088},\n\tabstract = {The essay addresses concerns about the history and philosophy of science that emanate from the current discussions on the ideas of epistemic justice, cognitive justice, and epistemologies of the Global South. These discussions are salient for the raging debate on the decolonization of minds, knowledge, and the university. We therefore need to address their consequences for the history and philosophy of science, seen here not as distinct formations but as a unitary whole customarily referred to by the acronym HPS. This paper is a preliminary step in that direction. In the first two sections, the essay provides a sketch of Eurocentric diffusionist models in the history of sciences and critiques of histories of science in the non-West based on such models that emanated from India. The latter half of the paper an exegetic effort to tease out the meanings associated with cognitive justice, and deliberates upon the philosophical consequences resulting from diverse readings of epistemologies of the Global South for the pursuit of the history and philosophy of science. Can these concepts be woven into a more just account of the global history and philosophy of the sciences?},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-27},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Transcultural Studies},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Basalla, George, Cognitive Justice, Decolonization, Diffusionist model, Epistemic Pluralism, Epistemology, Global Histroy, Global South, Historiographies, History and Philosophy of Science, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology},\n\tpages = {112--134},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The essay addresses concerns about the history and philosophy of science that emanate from the current discussions on the ideas of epistemic justice, cognitive justice, and epistemologies of the Global South. These discussions are salient for the raging debate on the decolonization of minds, knowledge, and the university. We therefore need to address their consequences for the history and philosophy of science, seen here not as distinct formations but as a unitary whole customarily referred to by the acronym HPS. This paper is a preliminary step in that direction. In the first two sections, the essay provides a sketch of Eurocentric diffusionist models in the history of sciences and critiques of histories of science in the non-West based on such models that emanated from India. The latter half of the paper an exegetic effort to tease out the meanings associated with cognitive justice, and deliberates upon the philosophical consequences resulting from diverse readings of epistemologies of the Global South for the pursuit of the history and philosophy of science. Can these concepts be woven into a more just account of the global history and philosophy of the sciences?\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Content and Context of Kaṇakkatikāram Manuscripts: Pre-Modern Malayalam Elementary Mathematics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wagner, R.; and Ashokan, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History of Science in South Asia, 12: 1–31. July 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{wagner_content_2024,\n\ttitle = {Content and {Context} of {Kaṇakkatikāram} {Manuscripts}: {Pre}-{Modern} {Malayalam} {Elementary} {Mathematics}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2024 Roy Wagner, Arun Ashokan},\n\tissn = {2369-775X},\n\tshorttitle = {Content and {Context} of {Kaṇakkatikāram} {Manuscripts}},\n\turl = {https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/hssa/index.php/hssa/article/view/103},\n\tdoi = {10.18732/hssa103},\n\tabstract = {Kaṇakkatikāram is the title of elementary mathematical treatises that focus on measurements, calculation techniques and practical-recreational word problems. These treatises enjoyed substantial distribution in medieval and colonial Tamil Nadu and Kerala (Parameswara Iyer 1990, Vol. 2, 524-527). In this paper we will describe these treatises based on Malayalam manuscripts. We will discuss their content, linguistic and stylistic form, context of use, relation to actual professional practices, the cultural values that they express, and the political-economic reality that they reflect. Since the Tamil versions have already been analyzed in Senthil Babu (2022), here we focus on aspects that complement his analysis and on features that are unique to, or more salient in, the Malayalam versions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-11},\n\tjournal = {History of Science in South Asia},\n\tauthor = {Wagner, Roy and Ashokan, Arun},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {History of Mathematics, Kerala, Mathematics, Social History of Knowledge, Tamil Nadu, Traditional Knowledge},\n\tpages = {1--31},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Kaṇakkatikāram is the title of elementary mathematical treatises that focus on measurements, calculation techniques and practical-recreational word problems. These treatises enjoyed substantial distribution in medieval and colonial Tamil Nadu and Kerala (Parameswara Iyer 1990, Vol. 2, 524-527). In this paper we will describe these treatises based on Malayalam manuscripts. We will discuss their content, linguistic and stylistic form, context of use, relation to actual professional practices, the cultural values that they express, and the political-economic reality that they reflect. Since the Tamil versions have already been analyzed in Senthil Babu (2022), here we focus on aspects that complement his analysis and on features that are unique to, or more salient in, the Malayalam versions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Interaction of Matter and Radiation: The Physics of C.V. Raman, S.N. Bose, and M.N. Saha.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Choudhuri, A. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Resonance, 29(12): 1689–1707. December 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{choudhuri_interaction_2024,\n\ttitle = {The {Interaction} of {Matter} and {Radiation}: {The} {Physics} of {C}.{V}. {Raman}, {S}.{N}. {Bose}, and {M}.{N}. {Saha}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0973-712X},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Interaction} of {Matter} and {Radiation}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12045-024-1689-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s12045-024-1689-6},\n\tabstract = {Three extraordinary physics discoveries were made in colonial India, which did not have any tradition of research in modern physics: Saha ionization equation (1920), Bose statistics (1924), and Raman effect (1928). All three discoverers were founding faculty members of the new small physics department of Calcutta University, which started functioning in 1916. These discoveries were all on the general topic of interaction between matter and radiation. In Part 1 (published in Resonance, Vol.29, No.11, pp.1557–1571, 2024), we have described the social and intellectual environment in which these discoveries were made. Now, in Part 2, we shall first present a background of the revolutionary developments taking place in physics at that time. Then, we shall provide a non-technical account of the three discoveries and point out the kind of impact these discoveries had in the subsequent development of physics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2025-05-08},\n\tjournal = {Resonance},\n\tauthor = {Choudhuri, Arnab Rai},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Bose(–Einstein) Statistics, Bose, S.N., Calcutta University, India, Raman Effect, Raman, C.V., Saha Ionization Equation, Saha, MN, Scientific Community},\n\tpages = {1689--1707},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Three extraordinary physics discoveries were made in colonial India, which did not have any tradition of research in modern physics: Saha ionization equation (1920), Bose statistics (1924), and Raman effect (1928). All three discoverers were founding faculty members of the new small physics department of Calcutta University, which started functioning in 1916. These discoveries were all on the general topic of interaction between matter and radiation. In Part 1 (published in Resonance, Vol.29, No.11, pp.1557–1571, 2024), we have described the social and intellectual environment in which these discoveries were made. Now, in Part 2, we shall first present a background of the revolutionary developments taking place in physics at that time. Then, we shall provide a non-technical account of the three discoveries and point out the kind of impact these discoveries had in the subsequent development of physics.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Knowledge as Commons: Toward Inclusive Science and Technology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Purkayastha, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Leftword Books, New Delhi, September 2024.\n Google-Books-ID: t4r_EAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{purkayastha_knowledge_2024,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Knowledge as {Commons}: {Toward} {Inclusive} {Science} and {Technology}},\n\tisbn = {9781685900724},\n\tshorttitle = {Knowledge as {Commons}},\n\tabstract = {A powerful contribution to the debate on intellectual property Knowledge as Commons traces the historical path towards the privatization of knowledge, situating science, technology and the emergence of modern nations in a larger historical framework. Author Prabir Purkayastha asks: Do the needs of society drive science and technology? Or do developments in science and technology provide the motor force of history? Has this relationship changed over time? Purkayastha shows us that, with profit as its sole aim, capital claims to own human knowledge and its products, fencing them in with patents and intellectual property rights. Neoliberal institutions and policy diktats from the West have installed a global system in which knowledge, that limitless resource, is made artificially scarce—while limited resources such as water and clean air are treated as though they were infinite.Arguing that rapid technological change, from pharmaceuticals to electronics, should be an opportunity to deliver quicker cures, affordable access, and global cooperation in the production of knowledge, Purkayastha examines the consequences of this privatization for universities, healthcare, distributive justice, the domestic politics of developing countries, and their prospects vis-à-vis the West.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Leftword Books},\n\tauthor = {Purkayastha, Prabir},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: t4r\\_EAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Capitalism, Commons, Marxism \\& Science, Sociology of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A powerful contribution to the debate on intellectual property Knowledge as Commons traces the historical path towards the privatization of knowledge, situating science, technology and the emergence of modern nations in a larger historical framework. Author Prabir Purkayastha asks: Do the needs of society drive science and technology? Or do developments in science and technology provide the motor force of history? Has this relationship changed over time? Purkayastha shows us that, with profit as its sole aim, capital claims to own human knowledge and its products, fencing them in with patents and intellectual property rights. Neoliberal institutions and policy diktats from the West have installed a global system in which knowledge, that limitless resource, is made artificially scarce—while limited resources such as water and clean air are treated as though they were infinite.Arguing that rapid technological change, from pharmaceuticals to electronics, should be an opportunity to deliver quicker cures, affordable access, and global cooperation in the production of knowledge, Purkayastha examines the consequences of this privatization for universities, healthcare, distributive justice, the domestic politics of developing countries, and their prospects vis-à-vis the West.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Specular Dream: Historical Imaginary in Speculative Fiction of Colonial Bengal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhattacharya, A.; and Hiradhar, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Literature, Critique, and Empire Today, 59(2-3): 221–238. September 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bhattacharya_specular_2024,\n\ttitle = {The {Specular} {Dream}: {Historical} {Imaginary} in {Speculative} {Fiction} of {Colonial} {Bengal}},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {3033-3962, 3033-3970},\n\tshorttitle = {The specular dream},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00219894221109484},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/00219894221109484},\n\tabstract = {This article examines Bhudeb Mukhopadhyaya’s Swapnolabdho Bharatbarsher Itihas ( History of India Revealed in a Dream) as a speculative dream narrative within the wider context of literary practices of colonial Bengal in the nineteenth century. History is a contested terrain within the colonial domain and intersects with pedagogy, politics, and technology in myriad ways. History in the text is also refracted through identitarian religious, gender, and caste prisms. We investigate Bhudeb’s text within these sites, arguing that the text represents a contradictory colonial modernity that negotiates the historical self through the speculative possibility of a dream.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2-3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Literature, Critique, and Empire Today},\n\tauthor = {Bhattacharya, Atanu and Hiradhar, Preet},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Colonialism, Historical imagination, Literature, Modernity, Mukhopadhyaya, Bhudeb, Science Fiction},\n\tpages = {221--238},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article examines Bhudeb Mukhopadhyaya’s Swapnolabdho Bharatbarsher Itihas ( History of India Revealed in a Dream) as a speculative dream narrative within the wider context of literary practices of colonial Bengal in the nineteenth century. History is a contested terrain within the colonial domain and intersects with pedagogy, politics, and technology in myriad ways. History in the text is also refracted through identitarian religious, gender, and caste prisms. We investigate Bhudeb’s text within these sites, arguing that the text represents a contradictory colonial modernity that negotiates the historical self through the speculative possibility of a dream.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Negotiating Cyclonic Storms on Odisha Coast: Integrating Meteorological with Traditional Knowledge.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dash, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 23(3): 262–270. March 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{dash_negotiating_2024,\n\ttitle = {Negotiating {Cyclonic} {Storms} on {Odisha} {Coast}: {Integrating} {Meteorological} with {Traditional} {Knowledge}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {09725938, 09751068},\n\tshorttitle = {Negotiating cyclonic storms on {Odisha} coast},\n\turl = {https://or.niscpr.res.in/index.php/IJTK/issue/view/251},\n\tdoi = {10.56042/ijtk.v23i3.1466},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge},\n\tauthor = {Dash, Biswanath},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Cyclone Warning Service, Disasters, Odisha, Public Engagement with S\\&T},\n\tpages = {262--270},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Bioethics of Skeletal Anatomy Collections from India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Agarwal, S. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nature Communications, 15(1): 1692. February 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{agarwal_bioethics_2024,\n\ttitle = {The {Bioethics} of {Skeletal} {Anatomy} {Collections} from {India}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {2041-1723},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41467-024-45738-6},\n\tabstract = {Millions of skeletal remains from South Asia were exported in red markets (the underground economy of human tissues/organs) to educational institutions globally for over a century. It is time to recognize the personhood of the people who were systematically made into anatomical objects and acknowledge the scientific racism in creating and continuing to use them.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Nature Communications},\n\tauthor = {Agarwal, Sabrina C.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpmid = {38402200},\n\tpmcid = {PMC10894195},\n\tkeywords = {Anatomy, Bioethics, Body Remains, Ethics, India, Medical education, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Science Education, South Asia, Specimens},\n\tpages = {1692},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Millions of skeletal remains from South Asia were exported in red markets (the underground economy of human tissues/organs) to educational institutions globally for over a century. It is time to recognize the personhood of the people who were systematically made into anatomical objects and acknowledge the scientific racism in creating and continuing to use them.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Regional studies and Frugal Innovation: A Missing Link?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sheikh, F. A.; Pugh, R.; Wu, X.; and Sarkar, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Regional Studies, 58(4): 893–905. April 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sheikh_regional_2024,\n\ttitle = {Regional studies and {Frugal} {Innovation}: {A} {Missing} {Link}?},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {0034-3404, 1360-0591},\n\tshorttitle = {Regional studies and frugal innovation},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00343404.2023.2222136},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00343404.2023.2222136},\n\tabstract = {Innovation has been a key topic of interest for the regional studies community. In particular, the regional characteristics and impacts of innovation have been a popular theme of enquiry and theorisation, and the community has been at the forefront of discussions around regional innovation systems, in particular. However, we see a large gap in the current state of the art around frugal innovation. The focus of this paper is to place this topic at the heart of our discussions of regional innovation. This is done by providing a case study of frugal innovations in Kashmir over the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrating the urgency and relevance of exploring frugal innovation at the regional level, especially as a rapid place-based crisis response, specifically in a developing nation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Regional Studies},\n\tauthor = {Sheikh, Fayaz Ahmad and Pugh, Rhiannon and Wu, Xiaobo and Sarkar, Soumodip},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Frugal Innovation, India, Kashmir},\n\tpages = {893--905},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Innovation has been a key topic of interest for the regional studies community. In particular, the regional characteristics and impacts of innovation have been a popular theme of enquiry and theorisation, and the community has been at the forefront of discussions around regional innovation systems, in particular. However, we see a large gap in the current state of the art around frugal innovation. The focus of this paper is to place this topic at the heart of our discussions of regional innovation. This is done by providing a case study of frugal innovations in Kashmir over the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrating the urgency and relevance of exploring frugal innovation at the regional level, especially as a rapid place-based crisis response, specifically in a developing nation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Conception of Negative Numbers: A Study of Kṛṣṇa Daivajña’s Bījapallava.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarma R., L.; Nagendra Pavana, R. N.; and Ramasubramanian, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of History of Science, 59(3): 245–258. September 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sarma_r_conception_2024,\n\ttitle = {The {Conception} of {Negative} {Numbers}: {A} {Study} of {Kṛṣṇa} {Daivajña}’s {Bījapallava}},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {2454-9991},\n\tshorttitle = {The conception of negative numbers},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-024-00136-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s43539-024-00136-1},\n\tabstract = {The conceptualisation of negative numbers represents a fascinating aspect of mathematical development, characterised by its evolution over time and its multifaceted applications across various disciplines. This paper embarks on a scholarly exploration of this intriguing subject, focusing on a salient segment from Kṛṣṇa Daivajña’s Bījapallava, a detailed commentary of Bhāskarācārya’s Bījagaṇita. It situates the discussion within its historical and scholarly context by examining the complexities inherent in understanding ‘negative’ quantities. While briefly referencing the evolution of negative numbers by notable mathematicians such as Brahmagupta and Bhāskara, the primary focus remains on dissecting a section of the “dhanarṇaṣaḍvidha” excerpt from Bījapallava, thereby shedding light on significant aspects of the discussion on negative numbers.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Sarma R., Lalitha and Nagendra Pavana, R. N. and Ramasubramanian, K.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {History of Mathematics, India, Mathematics, Philosophy of Mathematics, Social History of Knowledge},\n\tpages = {245--258},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The conceptualisation of negative numbers represents a fascinating aspect of mathematical development, characterised by its evolution over time and its multifaceted applications across various disciplines. This paper embarks on a scholarly exploration of this intriguing subject, focusing on a salient segment from Kṛṣṇa Daivajña’s Bījapallava, a detailed commentary of Bhāskarācārya’s Bījagaṇita. It situates the discussion within its historical and scholarly context by examining the complexities inherent in understanding ‘negative’ quantities. While briefly referencing the evolution of negative numbers by notable mathematicians such as Brahmagupta and Bhāskara, the primary focus remains on dissecting a section of the “dhanarṇaṣaḍvidha” excerpt from Bījapallava, thereby shedding light on significant aspects of the discussion on negative numbers.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Engineering a Nation: The Life and Career of M. Visvesvaraya.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramnath, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Penguin Books India PVT, Limited, New Delhi, 2024.\n Google-Books-ID: HnUI0QEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ramnath_engineering_2024,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Engineering a {Nation}: {The} {Life} and {Career} of {M}. {Visvesvaraya}},\n\tisbn = {9780670090501},\n\tshorttitle = {Engineering a {Nation}},\n\tabstract = {Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (1861-1962) was arguably the most famous Indian engineer of the twentieth century. And yet he was also much more. To this day, much in India bears the imprint of Visvesvaraya's work--not only as civil engineer, but also as public administrator, constitutional analyst and development thinker. Sugarcane farmers in Maharashtra and Karnataka, picknickers in the Brindavan Gardens alongside the Krishnarajasagara dam near Mysore, and city dwellers across the country who enjoy a piped water supply are all partaking of Visvesvaraya's legacy. So are students in Bengaluru's Indian Institute of Science and Mumbai's Institute of Chemical Technology, consumers who swear by Mysore Sandal Soap, and anyone who has lived through Independent India's Five-Year Plans. Visvesvaraya was an early proponent of economic planning and rapid, large-scale industrialization, which he believed were essential for national development. Most of all, he was an ardent technocrat: a believer in the power of science and technology to solve society's most pressing problems. In his time, his ideas were both lauded and criticized. Technocratic visions are once more at the center of public discourse today: as in Visvesvaraya's day, they hold much promise, but also have important limitations. In Engineering a Nation, Aparajith Ramnath delves into a wide range of sources to paint a balanced picture of a man who has come to be regarded as a national icon. Throughout, he explores the professional and intellectual relationships that shaped Visvesvaraya, and highlights the historical context in which he worked. To explore Visvesvaraya's life, the book argues, is to understand the emergence of the Indian nation itself.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Penguin Books India PVT, Limited},\n\tauthor = {Ramnath, Aparajith},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: HnUI0QEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Colonial Science, Engineering, History of Engineering and Technology, India, Intellectual History, Mysore, Princely States in India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (1861-1962) was arguably the most famous Indian engineer of the twentieth century. And yet he was also much more. To this day, much in India bears the imprint of Visvesvaraya's work–not only as civil engineer, but also as public administrator, constitutional analyst and development thinker. Sugarcane farmers in Maharashtra and Karnataka, picknickers in the Brindavan Gardens alongside the Krishnarajasagara dam near Mysore, and city dwellers across the country who enjoy a piped water supply are all partaking of Visvesvaraya's legacy. So are students in Bengaluru's Indian Institute of Science and Mumbai's Institute of Chemical Technology, consumers who swear by Mysore Sandal Soap, and anyone who has lived through Independent India's Five-Year Plans. Visvesvaraya was an early proponent of economic planning and rapid, large-scale industrialization, which he believed were essential for national development. Most of all, he was an ardent technocrat: a believer in the power of science and technology to solve society's most pressing problems. In his time, his ideas were both lauded and criticized. Technocratic visions are once more at the center of public discourse today: as in Visvesvaraya's day, they hold much promise, but also have important limitations. In Engineering a Nation, Aparajith Ramnath delves into a wide range of sources to paint a balanced picture of a man who has come to be regarded as a national icon. Throughout, he explores the professional and intellectual relationships that shaped Visvesvaraya, and highlights the historical context in which he worked. To explore Visvesvaraya's life, the book argues, is to understand the emergence of the Indian nation itself.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Carbolic Colonialism: Plague, Public Health, and Disability in British India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Steere-Williams, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 39: 225–243. June 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{steere-williams_carbolic_2024,\n\ttitle = {Carbolic {Colonialism}: {Plague}, {Public} {Health}, and {Disability} in {British} {India}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {Carbolic {Colonialism}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/730409},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/730409},\n\tabstract = {Industrial capitalism has engendered human and animal bodies toxic in myriad and uneven ways—internal, external, environmental, ecological. This article examines the entanglements of public health, technology, coal, and the body through a singular chemical: carbolic acid (also known as phenol). Derived from coal tar production in British factories, carbolic acid exploded in use from the 1870s in Europe and across colonial environments. Though heralded as the first public health and surgical “magic bullet,” chemists and coroners clamored to legislate carbolic acid as a dangerous poison—by 1900, carbolic acid poisonings and suicides were leading causes of death around the Atlantic World. Though used as a common household disinfectant, carbolic acid was used on the bodies of Indians and Africans during the third plague pandemic. This article thus asks big questions about regulation, the disabled colonial body, the unequal burdens of toxicity, and the invisible health impacts of the industrial revolution.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-14},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Steere-Williams, Jacob},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Healing, Medical Practices, Pandemic, Pharmacology, Public Health, Social History of Medicine, Toxicology, Toxins},\n\tpages = {225--243},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Industrial capitalism has engendered human and animal bodies toxic in myriad and uneven ways—internal, external, environmental, ecological. This article examines the entanglements of public health, technology, coal, and the body through a singular chemical: carbolic acid (also known as phenol). Derived from coal tar production in British factories, carbolic acid exploded in use from the 1870s in Europe and across colonial environments. Though heralded as the first public health and surgical “magic bullet,” chemists and coroners clamored to legislate carbolic acid as a dangerous poison—by 1900, carbolic acid poisonings and suicides were leading causes of death around the Atlantic World. Though used as a common household disinfectant, carbolic acid was used on the bodies of Indians and Africans during the third plague pandemic. This article thus asks big questions about regulation, the disabled colonial body, the unequal burdens of toxicity, and the invisible health impacts of the industrial revolution.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and the British Empire.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kochhar, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, London & New York, April 2024.\n Google-Books-ID: ENP2EAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kochhar_science_2024,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Science and the {British} {Empire}},\n\tisbn = {9781040011164},\n\tabstract = {This book studies the linkages between science, technology and institution building in Colonial and Modern India. It discusses the advent and growth of modern science in India in terms of a nested three-stage model comprising the colonial-tool stage, the peripheral-native stage and the Indian response stage, each leading to and coexisting with the next. The book gives an account of developments in various fields of science and education in the latter half of the 19th century and the beginning of contributions made by Indian individuals, continuing into the 20th century. It traces the process of colonization and how it led to studies in astronomy, meteorology, natural history, geography and medicine in India.Rich in archival resources, this book will be indispensable for scholars and researchers of history of education, history of science, colonial education, science and technology studies, South Asian history, Indian history and history in general.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Kochhar, Rajesh},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ENP2EAAAQBAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book studies the linkages between science, technology and institution building in Colonial and Modern India. It discusses the advent and growth of modern science in India in terms of a nested three-stage model comprising the colonial-tool stage, the peripheral-native stage and the Indian response stage, each leading to and coexisting with the next. The book gives an account of developments in various fields of science and education in the latter half of the 19th century and the beginning of contributions made by Indian individuals, continuing into the 20th century. It traces the process of colonization and how it led to studies in astronomy, meteorology, natural history, geography and medicine in India.Rich in archival resources, this book will be indispensable for scholars and researchers of history of education, history of science, colonial education, science and technology studies, South Asian history, Indian history and history in general.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Dai and the Indigenous: Notes on the Appearance and Disappearance of a Figure in the Therapeutics of a Nation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Achuthan, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Taylor & Francis, November 2024.\n Google-Books-ID: xp8nEQAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{achuthan_dai_2024,\n\ttitle = {The {Dai} and the {Indigenous}: {Notes} on the {Appearance} and {Disappearance} of a {Figure} in the {Therapeutics} of a {Nation}},\n\tisbn = {9781040152607},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Dai} and the {Indigenous}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/The-Dai-and-the-Indigenous-Notes-on-the-Appearance-and-Disappearance-of-a-Figure-in-the-Therapeutics-of-a-Nation/Achuthan/p/book/9780367424282?srsltid=AfmBOoqtW11OTn7pXuNvz7CPNeisYCAyGw2_iJIjwmduwdecNnauwgn4},\n\tabstract = {This is a book about the dai, or traditional birth practitioner, and her place in the emerging therapeutic domain in colonial and contemporary India. The book employs a caste-informed feminist reading of the colonial archive against the grain and explores papers by Englishwomen physicians, texts of indigenous medicine and practitioner accounts, administrative documents, public commentaries, and legislative assembly debates from the 19th and early 20th centuries. It also examines contemporary healthcare policy discourse. Using these methodologies, the author traces the production of the dai as an unsanitary, unskilled indigenous figure in colonial and nationalist accounts. The book goes on to examine the workings of gender and caste in the setting up of this figure, at first for containment and then for removal from institutionalized healthcare – an exercise that is more or less completed in the present. The author argues that this exercise is part of the refashioning of the indigenous, and of indigenous medicine, throughout this period, into a highly codified domain that centres caste privilege and is supported by global capital networks. In such a refashioning, the dai figure is rendered remote not only from the centre of the healthcare apparatus but also from the centre of the contemporary nation. This genealogical tracing of indigenous medicine in Indian contexts, rather than separate histories, is also useful to understand better what is termed the healthcare assemblage today, and this book provides a ground on which this can be done.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Taylor \\& Francis},\n\tauthor = {Achuthan, Asha},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: xp8nEQAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Gender, Gender \\& Science, Gender and Medical Technologies, Healing, India, Social History of Medicine, Traditional knowledge, Women in medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This is a book about the dai, or traditional birth practitioner, and her place in the emerging therapeutic domain in colonial and contemporary India. The book employs a caste-informed feminist reading of the colonial archive against the grain and explores papers by Englishwomen physicians, texts of indigenous medicine and practitioner accounts, administrative documents, public commentaries, and legislative assembly debates from the 19th and early 20th centuries. It also examines contemporary healthcare policy discourse. Using these methodologies, the author traces the production of the dai as an unsanitary, unskilled indigenous figure in colonial and nationalist accounts. The book goes on to examine the workings of gender and caste in the setting up of this figure, at first for containment and then for removal from institutionalized healthcare – an exercise that is more or less completed in the present. The author argues that this exercise is part of the refashioning of the indigenous, and of indigenous medicine, throughout this period, into a highly codified domain that centres caste privilege and is supported by global capital networks. In such a refashioning, the dai figure is rendered remote not only from the centre of the healthcare apparatus but also from the centre of the contemporary nation. This genealogical tracing of indigenous medicine in Indian contexts, rather than separate histories, is also useful to understand better what is termed the healthcare assemblage today, and this book provides a ground on which this can be done.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Craving for British Honours Among the Scientists of Colonial India: A Case Study of the Centre-Periphery Relationship in History of Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Choudhuri, A. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia: Questioning Concepts, Constructing Histories, pages 233–251. Springer Nature, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{choudhuri_craving_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {The {Craving} for {British} {Honours} {Among} the {Scientists} of {Colonial} {India}: {A} {Case} {Study} of the {Centre}-{Periphery} {Relationship} in {History} of {Science}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Craving} for {British} {Honours} {Among} the {Scientists} of {Colonial} {India}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_11},\n\tabstract = {The relationship between ‘centres’ of science (or scientific metropolises) and the geographical regions lying at the periphery has been a subject of some interest to historians and sociologists of science. The relationship between Britain and India during the heyday of the British Empire was coloured by the complicating fact that India was a colony of Britain. Although Indian scientists were fully aware that some other countries like Germany might have been ahead of Britain in certain branches of science such as physics and chemistry in the early decades of the twentieth century, there was still a special craving for British honours in India, since such honours would bring additional benefits in the colonial setup. Many of the leading Indian scientists of that era openly expressed the view that nationalistic feelings drove their science, but they still wanted British recognitions for their research. Since the Knighthood was an official honour bestowed by the British Crown, many Indian scientists had an ambivalent attitude towards it. However, the Fellowship of the Royal Society was viewed as recognition by the scientific peers of Britain and it was perhaps the most coveted honour for Indian scientists of that era. It was well known that the FRS election process was not a level playing field for Indian scientists and a few Indian scientists with high international reputation (such as Prafulla Chandra Ray) were never elected FRS even after being nominated repeatedly by their British peers.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-08},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}: {Questioning} {Concepts}, {Constructing} {Histories}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature},\n\tauthor = {Choudhuri, Arnab Rai},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_11},\n\tkeywords = {Basalla, George, Centre-Periphery, India, Knowledge Communication, Scientific Community, Scientific Exchange},\n\tpages = {233--251},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The relationship between ‘centres’ of science (or scientific metropolises) and the geographical regions lying at the periphery has been a subject of some interest to historians and sociologists of science. The relationship between Britain and India during the heyday of the British Empire was coloured by the complicating fact that India was a colony of Britain. Although Indian scientists were fully aware that some other countries like Germany might have been ahead of Britain in certain branches of science such as physics and chemistry in the early decades of the twentieth century, there was still a special craving for British honours in India, since such honours would bring additional benefits in the colonial setup. Many of the leading Indian scientists of that era openly expressed the view that nationalistic feelings drove their science, but they still wanted British recognitions for their research. Since the Knighthood was an official honour bestowed by the British Crown, many Indian scientists had an ambivalent attitude towards it. However, the Fellowship of the Royal Society was viewed as recognition by the scientific peers of Britain and it was perhaps the most coveted honour for Indian scientists of that era. It was well known that the FRS election process was not a level playing field for Indian scientists and a few Indian scientists with high international reputation (such as Prafulla Chandra Ray) were never elected FRS even after being nominated repeatedly by their British peers.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Aspects of Science and Technology in Ancient India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jha, A. K.; and Sahay, S.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, New York, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{jha_aspects_2024,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Aspects of {Science} and {Technology} in {Ancient} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781032441382},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Aspects-of-Science-and-Technology-in-Ancient-India/Jha-Sahay/p/book/9781032441382},\n\tabstract = {This book critically examines different aspects of scientific and technological development in Ancient India. It studies the special contribution of the history of science in our scientific understanding and its relationship with the philosophy and sociology of science.\nThe volume dscusses diverse and wide-ranging themes including Tibetan Buddhist tradition of neuro-biology;\nSheds light on the unique developments within iron technology and urbanization in ancient Odisha;\nStudies the trajector},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-08},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Jha, Arun Kumar and Sahay, Seema},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Indian Astronomical Texts, Indian Knowledge Systems, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This book critically examines different aspects of scientific and technological development in Ancient India. It studies the special contribution of the history of science in our scientific understanding and its relationship with the philosophy and sociology of science. The volume dscusses diverse and wide-ranging themes including Tibetan Buddhist tradition of neuro-biology; Sheds light on the unique developments within iron technology and urbanization in ancient Odisha; Studies the trajector\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Emergence of Indian Science Community: 1870s to 1940s.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishna, V. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 205–231. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_emergence_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {The {Emergence} of {Indian} {Science} {Community}: 1870s to 1940s},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Emergence} of {Indian} {Science} {Community}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_10},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Krishna, Venni V.},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_10},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Colonialism, India, Scientific Community},\n\tpages = {205--231},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Dreams of Reason: Rabindranath Tagore and the Invention of Science in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Visvanathan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 277–288. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_dreams_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {The {Dreams} of {Reason}: {Rabindranath} {Tagore} and the {Invention} of {Science} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Dreams} of {Reason}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_13},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Visvanathan, Shiv},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_13},\n\tkeywords = {Intelligentsia, Tagore, Rabindranath},\n\tpages = {277--288},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Understanding Gandhi’s Approach to Technology: After the Critique of Modernity and Industrialism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 289–307. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_understanding_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Understanding {Gandhi}’s {Approach} to {Technology}: {After} the {Critique} of {Modernity} and {Industrialism}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {Understanding {Gandhi}’s {Approach} to {Technology}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_14},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_14},\n\tkeywords = {Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {289--307},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia: Questioning Concepts, Constructing Histories.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ahmed_decolonizing_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}: {Questioning} {Concepts}, {Constructing} {Histories}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0},\n\tabstract = {This book offers a unique perspective on the colonial roots of modern science, technology, and medicine (STM) in South Asia. The book questions the deconstruction of imperial visions and definitions of science and modernity in South Asia. It presents an in-depth analysis of the contested relationship between science, modernity, and colonialism. It explores how new research can contribute to the diversification of perspectives in the history and sociology of modern South Asian studies. The chapters in the book delve into various aspects of STM in South Asia. It covers diverse topics, including the social, cultural, and pedagogic context of early modern Bengal, the popularization of science in colonial Punjab, the Hindi science periodical Vigyan, and the emergence of the Indian science community. The book also examines the intersection of indigenous medical practices, ayurveda, Unani, and medical revivalism and highlights peripheral creativity in science. The contributors engage with the existing historiography to raise new questions concerning the global circulations of scientific knowledge from the perspective of South Asia and the regional appropriation of the same. It connects the history of science and modernity with South Asia's socio-economic and cultural background. It offers valuable insights into the decolonization of STM. It greatly interests scholars and students of modern South Asian history, sociology, social anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society Studies (STS).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Decolonization, Gandhi \\& Science, History and Sociology of Science, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book offers a unique perspective on the colonial roots of modern science, technology, and medicine (STM) in South Asia. The book questions the deconstruction of imperial visions and definitions of science and modernity in South Asia. It presents an in-depth analysis of the contested relationship between science, modernity, and colonialism. It explores how new research can contribute to the diversification of perspectives in the history and sociology of modern South Asian studies. The chapters in the book delve into various aspects of STM in South Asia. It covers diverse topics, including the social, cultural, and pedagogic context of early modern Bengal, the popularization of science in colonial Punjab, the Hindi science periodical Vigyan, and the emergence of the Indian science community. The book also examines the intersection of indigenous medical practices, ayurveda, Unani, and medical revivalism and highlights peripheral creativity in science. The contributors engage with the existing historiography to raise new questions concerning the global circulations of scientific knowledge from the perspective of South Asia and the regional appropriation of the same. It connects the history of science and modernity with South Asia's socio-economic and cultural background. It offers valuable insights into the decolonization of STM. It greatly interests scholars and students of modern South Asian history, sociology, social anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society Studies (STS).\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Current Trends and Directions in Socioscientific Issues Education Research.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raveendran, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, March 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{raveendran_current_2024,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Current {Trends} and {Directions} in {Socioscientific} {Issues} {Education} {Research}},\n\tisbn = {9780190264093},\n\turl = {https://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-1848},\n\tabstract = {References to socioscientific issues (SSIs) in science education research literature can be traced back to the 1980s. With a focus on introducing students to SSIs or issues with conceptual or technological links to science, the SSI movement aims to foster skills for democratic citizenship in students. This entails understanding the ethical and political complexities involved in these technoscientific controversies, the nature of the evidence involved and arriving at one’s own position on these issues. Two major approaches characterize research in the field of SSI education—the sociocultural and sociopolitical approaches, which differ in their assumptions and methodological approaches. While both approaches are concerned about issues of democratic citizenship and teaching skills to engage SSIs, they differ in their overarching emphasis on sociopolitical actions. The literature on SSIs raises questions on citizenship and how it is theorized in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education research as well as whether schools are meaningful spaces where students can engage with SSIs. It is also important to carefully deliberate on what meaningful sociopolitical actions entail. Future SSI research needs to focus on the issue of navigating SSIs in the affective space of the classroom where complex power-ridden relationalities play out between teacher and students. There is also a necessity for the SSI movement to engage with questions of contextualization and politicization of the STEM curriculum as a whole.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tbooktitle = {Oxford {Research} {Encyclopedia} of {Education}},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Raveendran, Aswathy},\n\tcollaborator = {Raveendran, Aswathy},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.1848},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Disease, Colonial India, Colonial Medicine, History of Medicine, India, STEM education},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n References to socioscientific issues (SSIs) in science education research literature can be traced back to the 1980s. With a focus on introducing students to SSIs or issues with conceptual or technological links to science, the SSI movement aims to foster skills for democratic citizenship in students. This entails understanding the ethical and political complexities involved in these technoscientific controversies, the nature of the evidence involved and arriving at one’s own position on these issues. Two major approaches characterize research in the field of SSI education—the sociocultural and sociopolitical approaches, which differ in their assumptions and methodological approaches. While both approaches are concerned about issues of democratic citizenship and teaching skills to engage SSIs, they differ in their overarching emphasis on sociopolitical actions. The literature on SSIs raises questions on citizenship and how it is theorized in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education research as well as whether schools are meaningful spaces where students can engage with SSIs. It is also important to carefully deliberate on what meaningful sociopolitical actions entail. Future SSI research needs to focus on the issue of navigating SSIs in the affective space of the classroom where complex power-ridden relationalities play out between teacher and students. There is also a necessity for the SSI movement to engage with questions of contextualization and politicization of the STEM curriculum as a whole.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Framing the History of Technology in India. From the Colonial Era to the Digital Age.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; Omprasad; and Sarma, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Carnino, G.; Hilaire-Pérez, L.; and Lamy, J., editor(s), Global History of Techniques (Nineteenth to Twenty-First Centuries), pages 117–134. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, Belgium, January 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{carnino_framing_2024,\n\taddress = {Turnhout, Belgium},\n\ttitle = {Framing the {History} of {Technology} in {India}. {From} the {Colonial} {Era} to the {Digital} {Age}},\n\tisbn = {9782503591513 9782503600543},\n\turl = {https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/10.1484/M.TECHNE-EB.5.129804},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Global {History} of {Techniques}\n({Nineteenth} to {Twenty}-{First} {Centuries})},\n\tpublisher = {Brepols Publishers},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and {Omprasad} and Sarma, Nayani},\n\teditor = {Carnino, Guillaume and Hilaire-Pérez, Liliane and Lamy, Jérôme},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1484/M.TECHNE-EB.5.129804},\n\tkeywords = {Historiographies, India, Social History of Technology},\n\tpages = {117--134},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bazaari-Subaltern Unani Medical Public Sphere: Blanket Binaries, Disjunctions, Implications and the Making of Alternative Texts and Archives Convivially.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Quaiser, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 97–126. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_bazaari-subaltern_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Bazaari-{Subaltern} {Unani} {Medical} {Public} {Sphere}: {Blanket} {Binaries}, {Disjunctions}, {Implications} and the {Making} of {Alternative} {Texts} and {Archives} {Convivially}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {Bazaari-{Subaltern} {Unani} {Medical} {Public} {Sphere}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_5},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Quaiser, Neshat},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_5},\n\tkeywords = {Unani},\n\tpages = {97--126},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An Argument for Scientific Creativity in Peripheral Contexts: The Case of Satyendra Nath Bose.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dasgupta, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 253–273. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_argument_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {An {Argument} for {Scientific} {Creativity} in {Peripheral} {Contexts}: {The} {Case} of {Satyendra} {Nath} {Bose}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {An {Argument} for {Scientific} {Creativity} in {Peripheral} {Contexts}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_12},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Dasgupta, Deepanwita},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_12},\n\tpages = {253--273},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Electronics and Computing: Experiments in Government Entrepreneurship.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, D. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 187–201. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_electronics_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Electronics and {Computing}: {Experiments} in {Government} {Entrepreneurship}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {Electronics and {Computing}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_9},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Dinesh C.},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_9},\n\tpages = {187--201},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dental Public Health and the Institutionalisation of a Science: R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Calcutta, C.1920s–1950s.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ahmed, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 165–185. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_dental_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Dental {Public} {Health} and the {Institutionalisation} of a {Science}: {R}. {Ahmed} {Dental} {College} and {Hospital}, {Calcutta}, {C}.1920s–1950s},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {Dental {Public} {Health} and the {Institutionalisation} of a {Science}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_8},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Ahmed, Sahara},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_8},\n\tpages = {165--185},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evolution of Electrical Engineering in Colonial Calcutta: Bhadralok Articulations on Education and Industrialization Interface.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarkar, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 147–164. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_evolution_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Evolution of {Electrical} {Engineering} in {Colonial} {Calcutta}: {Bhadralok} {Articulations} on {Education} and {Industrialization} {Interface}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {Evolution of {Electrical} {Engineering} in {Colonial} {Calcutta}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_7},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_7},\n\tpages = {147--164},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Characterizing the Debate on Constructing Scientific Terms in Hindi: A Study of Influences and Motivations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Baksi, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 57–78. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_characterizing_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Characterizing the {Debate} on {Constructing} {Scientific} {Terms} in {Hindi}: {A} {Study} of {Influences} and {Motivations}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {Characterizing the {Debate} on {Constructing} {Scientific} {Terms} in {Hindi}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_3},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Baksi, Sandipan},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_3},\n\tpages = {57--78},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Monies, Measures, and Arithmetic(s): a Brief Glimpse into the Śubhaṅkarī Tradition.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chacraverti, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 3–38. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_monies_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Monies, {Measures}, and {Arithmetic}(s): a {Brief} {Glimpse} into the Śubhaṅkarī {Tradition}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {Monies, {Measures}, and {Arithmetic}(s)},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_1},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Chacraverti, Santanu},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_1},\n\tpages = {3--38},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vernacularity, Ruchi Ram Sahni, and the Pursuit of Science in the Colonial Punjab.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mohan, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 39–55. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_vernacularity_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Vernacularity, {Ruchi} {Ram} {Sahni}, and the {Pursuit} of {Science} in the {Colonial} {Punjab}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_2},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Mohan, Kamlesh},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_2},\n\tpages = {39--55},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modernizing Ayurveda: Interactive Indigeneity and Medical Revivalism in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rai, S. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 81–95. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_modernizing_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Modernizing {Ayurveda}: {Interactive} {Indigeneity} and {Medical} {Revivalism} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {Modernizing {Ayurveda}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_4},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Rai, Saurav Kumar},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_4},\n\tpages = {81--95},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Medicinal Practices of a Downtrodden Castes: Reflections on the Folk Medicinal Practices of the Rajbanshis of Sub-Himalayan Bengal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Barman, R. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ahmed, S.; and Sarkar, S., editor(s), Decolonizing Science and Modernity in South Asia, pages 127–143. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{ahmed_medicinal_2024,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Medicinal {Practices} of a {Downtrodden} {Castes}: {Reflections} on the {Folk} {Medicinal} {Practices} of the {Rajbanshis} of {Sub}-{Himalayan} {Bengal}},\n\tisbn = {9789819718283 9789819718290},\n\tshorttitle = {Medicinal {Practices} of a {Downtrodden} {Castes}},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_6},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Decolonizing {Science} and {Modernity} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Barman, Rup Kumar},\n\teditor = {Ahmed, Sahara and Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-97-1829-0_6},\n\tpages = {127--143},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Peripheral Visions: STS and Digitalisation in the Non-West.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramanian, V.; and Hassan, Y.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 29(4): 505–516. December 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{subramanian_peripheral_2024,\n\tseries = {Special {Issue}},\n\ttitle = {Peripheral {Visions}: {STS} and {Digitalisation} in the {Non}-{West}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Peripheral {Visions}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218241282531},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218241282531},\n\tabstract = {The idea for this special issue emerged from a conversation between the editors (there were three when we began) at one of the most elite institutions in the world, discussing what it felt like to be from a part of the world that looked and felt incredibly different from these hallowed halls. We were all there on generous fellowships that allowed us to be visiting scholars; and we all spent our time there learning not just how academics was done but also how much else needed to be done. We spoke about the need for more ‘South-South collaborations’ and how we might begin such collaborations, given how difficult it was for us from such faraway places to meet, except where we were—at the heart of elite Western academia. At the outset, we would acknowledge that our time there was truly an enriching and intellectually rewarding experience. It allowed us to come together, to learn from each other, and to think through collaborations, associations, partnerships and indeed friendships that many of us could never have otherwise dreamed of. We are grateful to our hosts and our funders for making it possible for us to be there, and for giving us the opportunity to bring together this Special Issue. The encouragement and support of Professor VV Krishna, who believed this would be a useful enterprise (and believed in us to actually get it done, even when it looked as if we might give up—we missed every single deadline that was set) has been the prime mover in bringing us over the finish line.\nInterrogating Power and Epistemology\nThe study of Science, Technology and Society (STS) from the perspective of the Global South or peripheries is critical for several reasons. This endeavour is not merely academic; it is a necessary exploration that unveils alternative paradigms of knowledge production, addresses global challenges and highlights the ethical implications of digital technologies. In this Special Issue, we have tried to focus on several areas within what is variously known as the non-West, the Global South, the third world, the developing world, the postcolonial and so on. Calling a large majority of the world ‘the periphery’ is as much an ironic formulation as it is a reflection of how small and unipolar the so-called ‘centre’ is. The authors in this issue are from Africa, South America and Asia (unfortunately, and we acknowledge this is a weakness, only India is represented); and they reflect on a range of issues dealing with digitalisation in many forms across these continents. There is, of course, no way to cover all countries or problems in one journal issue, but we have attempted to put together many ways of thinking through the rapid digitalisation being seen across all these geographical spaces. We would also like to acknowledge that the ‘peripheries’ can be of various kinds—not just geographical. But in this issue, we focus on those spaces that are located in broadly, the ‘non-West’.\nScholars from the Global South bring invaluable perspectives that are shaped by the specific historical, cultural and political contexts of their regions. They offer critical insights into how global technologies are localised, how they intersect with indigenous knowledge systems, and how they impact governance and democracy in ways that differ significantly from the experiences of the Global North (Harding, 2008). This is particularly important as we grapple with the ethical implications of technologies that are increasingly pervasive yet unevenly distributed. The hope that scholars from these spaces offer to the world lies in their ability to articulate alternative futures and to propose models of technology and society that are more inclusive, equitable and responsive.\nUnderstanding STS from the Global South—or the ‘peripheries’—transcends intellectual inquiry; it is a recognition of diverse knowledge systems and perspectives that challenge dominant Western paradigms. It acknowledges that alternate ways of knowing and understanding exist, shaped by unique socio-political and cultural contexts (Medina et al., 2014). This past year, as more than half of the world’s population has participated in elections and many countries have been embroiled in debilitating conflicts—such as those in Palestine, Ukraine, Sudan and Bangladesh—questions of democracy, governance, surveillance technologies and the politics surrounding them take on new and deeper meanings. In this context, two central questions are of importance Why is it crucial to study the digital? And why should we focus on the peripheries?\nDigital technologies have not only transformed communication, commerce and education but also significantly impacted governance, surveillance and identity management systems. These technologies, however, have different implications depending on the region in which they are used. The Global South often experiences these impacts in unique and complex ways that are not always immediately visible in the Global North, from where they are designed and deployed.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Subramanian, Vidya and Hassan, Yousif},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Digital STS, Special Issue},\n\tpages = {505--516},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n The idea for this special issue emerged from a conversation between the editors (there were three when we began) at one of the most elite institutions in the world, discussing what it felt like to be from a part of the world that looked and felt incredibly different from these hallowed halls. We were all there on generous fellowships that allowed us to be visiting scholars; and we all spent our time there learning not just how academics was done but also how much else needed to be done. We spoke about the need for more ‘South-South collaborations’ and how we might begin such collaborations, given how difficult it was for us from such faraway places to meet, except where we were—at the heart of elite Western academia. At the outset, we would acknowledge that our time there was truly an enriching and intellectually rewarding experience. It allowed us to come together, to learn from each other, and to think through collaborations, associations, partnerships and indeed friendships that many of us could never have otherwise dreamed of. We are grateful to our hosts and our funders for making it possible for us to be there, and for giving us the opportunity to bring together this Special Issue. The encouragement and support of Professor VV Krishna, who believed this would be a useful enterprise (and believed in us to actually get it done, even when it looked as if we might give up—we missed every single deadline that was set) has been the prime mover in bringing us over the finish line. Interrogating Power and Epistemology The study of Science, Technology and Society (STS) from the perspective of the Global South or peripheries is critical for several reasons. This endeavour is not merely academic; it is a necessary exploration that unveils alternative paradigms of knowledge production, addresses global challenges and highlights the ethical implications of digital technologies. In this Special Issue, we have tried to focus on several areas within what is variously known as the non-West, the Global South, the third world, the developing world, the postcolonial and so on. Calling a large majority of the world ‘the periphery’ is as much an ironic formulation as it is a reflection of how small and unipolar the so-called ‘centre’ is. The authors in this issue are from Africa, South America and Asia (unfortunately, and we acknowledge this is a weakness, only India is represented); and they reflect on a range of issues dealing with digitalisation in many forms across these continents. There is, of course, no way to cover all countries or problems in one journal issue, but we have attempted to put together many ways of thinking through the rapid digitalisation being seen across all these geographical spaces. We would also like to acknowledge that the ‘peripheries’ can be of various kinds—not just geographical. But in this issue, we focus on those spaces that are located in broadly, the ‘non-West’. Scholars from the Global South bring invaluable perspectives that are shaped by the specific historical, cultural and political contexts of their regions. They offer critical insights into how global technologies are localised, how they intersect with indigenous knowledge systems, and how they impact governance and democracy in ways that differ significantly from the experiences of the Global North (Harding, 2008). This is particularly important as we grapple with the ethical implications of technologies that are increasingly pervasive yet unevenly distributed. The hope that scholars from these spaces offer to the world lies in their ability to articulate alternative futures and to propose models of technology and society that are more inclusive, equitable and responsive. Understanding STS from the Global South—or the ‘peripheries’—transcends intellectual inquiry; it is a recognition of diverse knowledge systems and perspectives that challenge dominant Western paradigms. It acknowledges that alternate ways of knowing and understanding exist, shaped by unique socio-political and cultural contexts (Medina et al., 2014). This past year, as more than half of the world’s population has participated in elections and many countries have been embroiled in debilitating conflicts—such as those in Palestine, Ukraine, Sudan and Bangladesh—questions of democracy, governance, surveillance technologies and the politics surrounding them take on new and deeper meanings. In this context, two central questions are of importance Why is it crucial to study the digital? And why should we focus on the peripheries? Digital technologies have not only transformed communication, commerce and education but also significantly impacted governance, surveillance and identity management systems. These technologies, however, have different implications depending on the region in which they are used. The Global South often experiences these impacts in unique and complex ways that are not always immediately visible in the Global North, from where they are designed and deployed.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Citizenship in India: Parsing the Complexity of Digital Identity Systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramanian, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 29(4): 595–613. December 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{subramanian_citizenship_2024,\n\ttitle = {Citizenship in {India}: {Parsing} the {Complexity} of {Digital} {Identity} {Systems}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Citizenship in {India}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218241281940},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218241281940},\n\tabstract = {The biometric identity project in India called Aadhaar was established with the purported intent of giving every resident of India a unique ID to ensure that social security measures and other welfare mechanisms would reach the last mile. The collection of biometrics (fingerprints, eye scans and photographs), it was emphasised, was to ensure that no duplicates were created and each ID would be unique, and thus was built the world’s largest data management project. However, since then, there have been several problems of duplication, implementation issues, failure of infrastructure, security breaches and privacy issues. Buttressing the digital identity project have been several moves to push digitalisation in other spheres as well. The article intends to study this digitalisation of individual identity in India and posit that there are several pockets of resistance that challenge this framing of the digitalised citizen as a data subject and the reduction of individual identity into biometrics alone. There are two people’s movements that show how this digital turn towards a technological understanding of citizenship is being challenged: the widespread peaceful protests of 2019–2020 against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), and the 2015–2016 Save the Internet campaign for net neutrality. This author hopes to show that both online and offline, the ideas of what it means to be a citizen of India remain in flux, challenging the notion of a passive data subject and positing a political, rights-bearing citizen in opposition to it.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Subramanian, Vidya},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Aadhaar, Digital STS, Digital citizenship},\n\tpages = {595--613},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The biometric identity project in India called Aadhaar was established with the purported intent of giving every resident of India a unique ID to ensure that social security measures and other welfare mechanisms would reach the last mile. The collection of biometrics (fingerprints, eye scans and photographs), it was emphasised, was to ensure that no duplicates were created and each ID would be unique, and thus was built the world’s largest data management project. However, since then, there have been several problems of duplication, implementation issues, failure of infrastructure, security breaches and privacy issues. Buttressing the digital identity project have been several moves to push digitalisation in other spheres as well. The article intends to study this digitalisation of individual identity in India and posit that there are several pockets of resistance that challenge this framing of the digitalised citizen as a data subject and the reduction of individual identity into biometrics alone. There are two people’s movements that show how this digital turn towards a technological understanding of citizenship is being challenged: the widespread peaceful protests of 2019–2020 against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), and the 2015–2016 Save the Internet campaign for net neutrality. This author hopes to show that both online and offline, the ideas of what it means to be a citizen of India remain in flux, challenging the notion of a passive data subject and positing a political, rights-bearing citizen in opposition to it.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n From Science to Society: Journey of an Indian Geologist.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyay, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ratna Sagar, December 2024.\n Google-Books-ID: 3LPm0AEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chattopadhyay_science_2024,\n\ttitle = {From {Science} to {Society}: {Journey} of an {Indian} {Geologist}},\n\tisbn = {9789355721365},\n\tshorttitle = {From {Science} to {Society}},\n\tabstract = {Pramatha Nath Bose, 'the first Indian Geologist' to be appointed to a graded post by the colonial government, quit his job to register his protest against racial discrimination at the highest official level of the British government in India. He later went on to make significant discoveries as a state geologist of Mayurbhanj which led to the foundation of Tata Iron and Steel Company Ltd (TISCO), the first heavy industry of India. From Science to Society: Journey of an Indian Geologist not only traces the significance of Bose's performance as a graded officer of the Geological Survey of India, but also addresses the ever-changing equations between the practitioners of science and the colonial government, whose primary focus was the commercial exploitation of the mineral resources of the subcontinent.From being an ardent advocate for the need of industrialization in India, the renowned geoscientist, in his later life became an introvert which eventually led to a complete reorientation of his belief system, mainly rooted in a critique of heavy industrialism-which had become a tool of imperialistic aggression. This book explores the life of Bose, a classic representative of the Western-educated middle class of modern India, and traces how a scientist's mind finally envisioned the society at large as the actual laboratory for experimenting with his thoughts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Ratna Sagar},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyay, Subhayu},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3LPm0AEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Geology, History / Asia / South / India, Pramatha Nath Bose},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Pramatha Nath Bose, 'the first Indian Geologist' to be appointed to a graded post by the colonial government, quit his job to register his protest against racial discrimination at the highest official level of the British government in India. He later went on to make significant discoveries as a state geologist of Mayurbhanj which led to the foundation of Tata Iron and Steel Company Ltd (TISCO), the first heavy industry of India. From Science to Society: Journey of an Indian Geologist not only traces the significance of Bose's performance as a graded officer of the Geological Survey of India, but also addresses the ever-changing equations between the practitioners of science and the colonial government, whose primary focus was the commercial exploitation of the mineral resources of the subcontinent.From being an ardent advocate for the need of industrialization in India, the renowned geoscientist, in his later life became an introvert which eventually led to a complete reorientation of his belief system, mainly rooted in a critique of heavy industrialism-which had become a tool of imperialistic aggression. This book explores the life of Bose, a classic representative of the Western-educated middle class of modern India, and traces how a scientist's mind finally envisioned the society at large as the actual laboratory for experimenting with his thoughts.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Innovative Pathways to Social Transformation: Disruptive Maintenance Through Social Impact Start-ups in Kerala.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raqib, M.; and Khandekar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society,09717218241246358. May 2024.\n Publisher: SAGE Publications India\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raqib_innovative_2024,\n\ttitle = {Innovative {Pathways} to {Social} {Transformation}: {Disruptive} {Maintenance} {Through} {Social} {Impact} {Start}-ups in {Kerala}},\n\tissn = {0971-7218},\n\tshorttitle = {Innovative {Pathways} to {Social} {Transformation}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/09717218241246358},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218241246358},\n\tabstract = {This article describes an emergent innovation ecosystem in the southern Indian state of Kerala. In contrast to a dominant national imagination of start-ups in India as spaces for the development of novel products with high economic potential, we suggest that start-ups in Kerala exhibit a tendency towards ‘social innovation’, that is, start-ups that are strongly oriented by the goal of addressing particular societal needs in addition to being successful on the market. Drawing on ethnographic interviews with start-up founders and other related stakeholders, as well as media and documentary analysis, we highlight in this essay key characteristics of social innovation in Kerala, including their reliance on tech-fix approaches. We also highlight the central role of the Kerala Start-up Mission (KSUM), a state-sponsored nodal agency, as a crucial enabler and shaper of the state’s innovation ecosystem. We further suggest that even as this innovation ecosystem is able to address important societal concerns, it nonetheless bypasses underlying social structures that produce them in the first place. Building on the work of sociologist Cornelius Schubert, we argue that it is analytically productive to interpret social innovation in Kerala as an instance of ‘disruptive maintenance’.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-06-10},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Raqib, Mohammed and Khandekar, Aalok},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications India},\n\tpages = {09717218241246358},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article describes an emergent innovation ecosystem in the southern Indian state of Kerala. In contrast to a dominant national imagination of start-ups in India as spaces for the development of novel products with high economic potential, we suggest that start-ups in Kerala exhibit a tendency towards ‘social innovation’, that is, start-ups that are strongly oriented by the goal of addressing particular societal needs in addition to being successful on the market. Drawing on ethnographic interviews with start-up founders and other related stakeholders, as well as media and documentary analysis, we highlight in this essay key characteristics of social innovation in Kerala, including their reliance on tech-fix approaches. We also highlight the central role of the Kerala Start-up Mission (KSUM), a state-sponsored nodal agency, as a crucial enabler and shaper of the state’s innovation ecosystem. We further suggest that even as this innovation ecosystem is able to address important societal concerns, it nonetheless bypasses underlying social structures that produce them in the first place. Building on the work of sociologist Cornelius Schubert, we argue that it is analytically productive to interpret social innovation in Kerala as an instance of ‘disruptive maintenance’.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hierarchy and the Case of Indian Academia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chaube, P.; and Koley, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 7: 1–17. March 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chaube_hierarchy_2024,\n\ttitle = {Hierarchy and the {Case} of {Indian} {Academia}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2024 DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/82},\n\tdoi = {10.29195/DSSS.07.01.82},\n\tabstract = {Universities and research institutions perpetuate rigid academic hierarchies for a variety of reasons, including tradition, the need for clear lines of authority, and the belief that it is necessary for efficient functioning. However, organizational structure and culture are known to have a huge impact on productivity. Traditional academic hierarchical structures in academic institutions can have negative effects, such as hindering the free flow of ideas, limiting opportunities for junior faculty, and creating a culture of competition rather than collaboration. Here, we discuss the consequences of a rigid hierarchical system on academic research, particularly in the Indian context.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Chaube, Pragya and Koley, Moumita},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Academic Bullying, Academic Hierarchy, Organizational Culture, Organizational Structure, Work Environment},\n\tpages = {1--17},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Universities and research institutions perpetuate rigid academic hierarchies for a variety of reasons, including tradition, the need for clear lines of authority, and the belief that it is necessary for efficient functioning. However, organizational structure and culture are known to have a huge impact on productivity. Traditional academic hierarchical structures in academic institutions can have negative effects, such as hindering the free flow of ideas, limiting opportunities for junior faculty, and creating a culture of competition rather than collaboration. Here, we discuss the consequences of a rigid hierarchical system on academic research, particularly in the Indian context.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evelyn Fox Keller: A Tribute.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chadha, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly (Engage), 59(3): 1–9. January 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chadha_evelyn_2024,\n\ttitle = {Evelyn {Fox} {Keller}: {A} {Tribute}},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tshorttitle = {Evelyn {Fox} {Keller}},\n\turl = {https://www.epw.in/engage/article/evelyn-fox-keller-tribute},\n\tabstract = {Evelyn Fox Keller, who passed away on 22 September 2023, was a leading figure in the field of Feminist Science Studies, a field that has gradually developed over the last three decades in India. Fox Keller visited the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, in 2004 on an invitation by biologist Obaid Siddiqi. Fox Keller gave lectures at select scientific institutions that were attended by many who are now leading figures in the field of feminist science studies in India. This memoir tribute, both personal and professional, highlights some of Fox Keller's arguments on the need to reimagine the method of science and on the ethico-moral responsibility that must lie with the scientific establishment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-01-29},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly (Engage)},\n\tauthor = {Chadha, Gita},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Feminist STS, Gender, Keller, Evelyn Fox, Obituary},\n\tpages = {1--9},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Evelyn Fox Keller, who passed away on 22 September 2023, was a leading figure in the field of Feminist Science Studies, a field that has gradually developed over the last three decades in India. Fox Keller visited the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, in 2004 on an invitation by biologist Obaid Siddiqi. Fox Keller gave lectures at select scientific institutions that were attended by many who are now leading figures in the field of feminist science studies in India. This memoir tribute, both personal and professional, highlights some of Fox Keller's arguments on the need to reimagine the method of science and on the ethico-moral responsibility that must lie with the scientific establishment.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bombay Presidency, 1850-1920: Disease, Sanitation and Public Health Personalities.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramanna, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Primus Books, Delhi, March 2024.\n Google-Books-ID: p1SL0AEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ramanna_bombay_2024,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Bombay {Presidency}, 1850-1920: {Disease}, {Sanitation} and {Public} {Health} {Personalities}},\n\tisbn = {9789358521511},\n\tshorttitle = {Bombay {Presidency}, 1850-1920},\n\tabstract = {This work focuses on the major health and sanitation problems of the nineteenth century: the health of the European poor, battling alcoholism and venereal diseases; the views of Indian men and women doctors, about diseases, curatives and birthing practices; and Florence Nightingale's interest in the Presidency, particularly her advocacy of village sanitation. Besides, the contributions of doctors B.K. Bhatwadekar and N.H. Choksy, to public health, through an analysis of their writings, are also explored in this monograph. The themes of the early twentieth century which emerge in this work are the review of sanitary improvements in Urbs Prima in Indis, regulations imposed on pilgrims passing through Bombay and at pilgrim sites, and the state of sanitation and disease control in the villages and towns. The book also revisits an important episode, the experience of Bombay in coping with the Influenza Pandemic of 1918, based on contemporary newspaper reports, and on reports of voluntary agencies, which provided relief.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Primus Books},\n\tauthor = {Ramanna, Mridula},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: p1SL0AEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Bombay, Colonial Medicine, India, Venereal Diseases},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This work focuses on the major health and sanitation problems of the nineteenth century: the health of the European poor, battling alcoholism and venereal diseases; the views of Indian men and women doctors, about diseases, curatives and birthing practices; and Florence Nightingale's interest in the Presidency, particularly her advocacy of village sanitation. Besides, the contributions of doctors B.K. Bhatwadekar and N.H. Choksy, to public health, through an analysis of their writings, are also explored in this monograph. The themes of the early twentieth century which emerge in this work are the review of sanitary improvements in Urbs Prima in Indis, regulations imposed on pilgrims passing through Bombay and at pilgrim sites, and the state of sanitation and disease control in the villages and towns. The book also revisits an important episode, the experience of Bombay in coping with the Influenza Pandemic of 1918, based on contemporary newspaper reports, and on reports of voluntary agencies, which provided relief.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Political Prescriptions: Three Pandemic Stories.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bharti, N.; and Sismondo, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 49(2): 371–402. March 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bharti_political_2024,\n\ttitle = {Political {Prescriptions}: {Three} {Pandemic} {Stories}},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Political {Prescriptions}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01622439221123831},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/01622439221123831},\n\tabstract = {In this article, we symmetrically explore the political underpinnings and connections of pharmaceutical drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We illustrate some different and shifting dynamics of expert-lay interplay, competing knowledge claims in politically charged environments, as well as actions and actors that can bring drugs to prominence. Focusing on three drugs, ivermectin, remdesivir, and Coronil, we offer three axes on which they can be apprehended within political logics: (a) ivermectin as a “populist drug” in the United States, (b) remdesivir as an “establishment drug” in the United States, and (c) Coronil as a “nationalist drug” in India. These three pharmaceuticals were politicized, and perhaps more surprising, politics became pharmaceuticalized. Trust in these treatments was intimately related to articulations of the threats posed by the pandemic and the best ways of addressing them, both manipulated politically by relatively powerful actors.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Bharti, Nishtha and Sismondo, Sergio},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {COVID-19, Drug Trial, India, Medical Sociology, S\\&T Governance},\n\tpages = {371--402},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this article, we symmetrically explore the political underpinnings and connections of pharmaceutical drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We illustrate some different and shifting dynamics of expert-lay interplay, competing knowledge claims in politically charged environments, as well as actions and actors that can bring drugs to prominence. Focusing on three drugs, ivermectin, remdesivir, and Coronil, we offer three axes on which they can be apprehended within political logics: (a) ivermectin as a “populist drug” in the United States, (b) remdesivir as an “establishment drug” in the United States, and (c) Coronil as a “nationalist drug” in India. These three pharmaceuticals were politicized, and perhaps more surprising, politics became pharmaceuticalized. Trust in these treatments was intimately related to articulations of the threats posed by the pandemic and the best ways of addressing them, both manipulated politically by relatively powerful actors.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Technology Ventures in India: Integrating NIS, SSI and Ecosystem Perspectives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prabhu, V. N.; Jha, S. K.; and Krishnan, R. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 29(1): 97–119. March 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prabhu_science_2024,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Technology} {Ventures} in {India}: {Integrating} {NIS}, {SSI} and {Ecosystem} {Perspectives}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and {Technology} {Ventures} in {India}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218231219636},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218231219636},\n\tabstract = {The study traces the emergence of science and technology ventures (STVs) in India through two systemic lenses—National Innovation System (NIS) perspective, which espouses a top-down, policy-driven approach to encourage STVs, and the ecosystem perspective, which highlights the role of independent organisations in nucleating STVs. Converging the NIS and ecosystem perspectives—at sectoral levels—is found to be germane for STV emergence. The sectoral systems of innovation (SSI) perspective is then advanced to emphasise how the integration of NIS and ecosystem approaches has enabled a thriving STV landscape in India. The case of biotech sector is discussed to illustrate the integration. Based on this analysis, the study advocates policy intervention at the sectoral level, and a thrust on firm-centric innovation as a complement to investments in fundamental research, to unleash a wave of STVs in the country.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Prabhu, Vikas Namadeva and Jha, Srivardhini K. and Krishnan, Rishikesha T.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {India, National Innovation System, S\\&T Ventures, Sectoral System of Innovation},\n\tpages = {97--119},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The study traces the emergence of science and technology ventures (STVs) in India through two systemic lenses—National Innovation System (NIS) perspective, which espouses a top-down, policy-driven approach to encourage STVs, and the ecosystem perspective, which highlights the role of independent organisations in nucleating STVs. Converging the NIS and ecosystem perspectives—at sectoral levels—is found to be germane for STV emergence. The sectoral systems of innovation (SSI) perspective is then advanced to emphasise how the integration of NIS and ecosystem approaches has enabled a thriving STV landscape in India. The case of biotech sector is discussed to illustrate the integration. Based on this analysis, the study advocates policy intervention at the sectoral level, and a thrust on firm-centric innovation as a complement to investments in fundamental research, to unleash a wave of STVs in the country.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Introduction: Start-ups and Innovation Ecosystems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishnan, R. T.; and Krishna, V. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 29(1): 7–12. March 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{krishnan_introduction_2024,\n\ttitle = {Introduction: {Start}-ups and {Innovation} {Ecosystems}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Introduction},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218241226499},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218241226499},\n\tabstract = {•\t\nWhat is (and is not) a start-up? Are all start-ups necessarily innovative?\n•\t\nIs the role of an innovative start-up to develop technology or to commercialise it or both?\n•\t\nShould policy be focused only on innovative start-ups or all start-ups? How does the government identify start-ups that deserve policy support?\n•\t\nIs policy intervention necessary at all or are there other things the government needs to prioritise to enable a conducive environment for start-ups? Is a start-up policy an adjunct of R\\&D policy or of industrial policy or of both? How can start-up policies be integrated with other innovation policies so as to facilitate collaboration and integration?\n•\t\nShould government policy be focused on direct support measures such as grants and subsidies or on indirect ones such as promoting entrepreneurship education, creating a conducive environment for business, catalysing business and technology incubators or removing the barriers to angel investment or venture capital?\n•\t\nWhat is the role of universities in start-up creation? Do national or regional education policies and regulatory frameworks need to be modified to enable universities to play a more central role in start-up creation and growth?},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Krishnan, Rishikesha T. and Krishna, Venni V.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {India, Innovation ecosystem, Startups, University},\n\tpages = {7--12},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n • What is (and is not) a start-up? Are all start-ups necessarily innovative? • Is the role of an innovative start-up to develop technology or to commercialise it or both? • Should policy be focused only on innovative start-ups or all start-ups? How does the government identify start-ups that deserve policy support? • Is policy intervention necessary at all or are there other things the government needs to prioritise to enable a conducive environment for start-ups? Is a start-up policy an adjunct of R&D policy or of industrial policy or of both? How can start-up policies be integrated with other innovation policies so as to facilitate collaboration and integration? • Should government policy be focused on direct support measures such as grants and subsidies or on indirect ones such as promoting entrepreneurship education, creating a conducive environment for business, catalysing business and technology incubators or removing the barriers to angel investment or venture capital? • What is the role of universities in start-up creation? Do national or regional education policies and regulatory frameworks need to be modified to enable universities to play a more central role in start-up creation and growth?\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Transitions in the Organisation of Knowledge: Notes on the Politics of Interdisciplinarity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ramesh, B. P.; and Kumar, R., editor(s), Practicing Interdisciplinarity: Convergences and Contestations., pages 41–60. Routledge, London & New York, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{varughese_transitions_2024,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Transitions in the {Organisation} of {Knowledge}: {Notes} on the {Politics} of {Interdisciplinarity}},\n\tisbn = {9781032195759},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Practising-Interdisciplinarity-Convergences-and-Contestations/Remesh-Kumar/p/book/9781032195759#},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tbooktitle = {Practicing {Interdisciplinarity}: {Convergences} and {Contestations}.},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\teditor = {Ramesh, Babu P. and Kumar, Ratheesh},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Digitalisation, Higher Education, History and Philosophy of Science, History of Concepts, India, Interdisciplinarity, Metatheory, Mode 2 Knowledge, Social History of Science, University},\n\tpages = {41--60},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Practising Interdisciplinarity: Convergences and Contestations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Remesh, B. P.; and Kumar, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, London & New York, February 2024.\n Google-Books-ID: KXbpEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{remesh_practising_2024,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Practising {Interdisciplinarity}: {Convergences} and {Contestations}},\n\tisbn = {9781003849605},\n\tshorttitle = {Practising {Interdisciplinarity}},\n\tabstract = {This book examines the epistemological, social and political dimensions of practising interdisciplinary approaches to enhance knowledge, pedagogy, and methodological aspects of research in the South Asian context. The volume sets the context by bringing together a range of ideas, questions and reflections on the concept of interdisciplinarity, the numerous waves of interdisciplinarity in contemporary history of knowledge, which were radically different from each other in their epistemological and political orientations. The book revisits the concept of interdisciplinarity and takes into cognizance the importance of the mutual shaping of knowledge and politics in our search for inclusive and sustainable future(s).The book offers a blend of both conceptual and institutional discourses on interdisciplinarity and the personal experiences of leading practitioners, bringing together critical engagements from different vantage points on practising it. It will be of interest to researchers, scholars and practitioners of social sciences and humanities disciplines as well as interdisciplinary fields such as educational studies, development studies, women’s studies, media studies, cultural studies, urban studies, labour studies, legal studies, public health, disability studies, global/international studies and performing arts. It will also be useful for policy planners, development practitioners, activists and social organizers working in related fields.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Remesh, Babu P. and Kumar, Ratheesh},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: KXbpEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History and Philosophy of Science, History of Concepts, India, Interdisciplinarity},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This book examines the epistemological, social and political dimensions of practising interdisciplinary approaches to enhance knowledge, pedagogy, and methodological aspects of research in the South Asian context. The volume sets the context by bringing together a range of ideas, questions and reflections on the concept of interdisciplinarity, the numerous waves of interdisciplinarity in contemporary history of knowledge, which were radically different from each other in their epistemological and political orientations. The book revisits the concept of interdisciplinarity and takes into cognizance the importance of the mutual shaping of knowledge and politics in our search for inclusive and sustainable future(s).The book offers a blend of both conceptual and institutional discourses on interdisciplinarity and the personal experiences of leading practitioners, bringing together critical engagements from different vantage points on practising it. It will be of interest to researchers, scholars and practitioners of social sciences and humanities disciplines as well as interdisciplinary fields such as educational studies, development studies, women’s studies, media studies, cultural studies, urban studies, labour studies, legal studies, public health, disability studies, global/international studies and performing arts. It will also be useful for policy planners, development practitioners, activists and social organizers working in related fields.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Plastic Pollution, Public Framings, and Plastic Burning.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Latkar, A.; and Pathak, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 59. January 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{latkar_plastic_2024,\n\ttitle = {Plastic {Pollution}, {Public} {Framings}, and {Plastic} {Burning}},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\turl = {https://www.epw.in/journal/2024/4/special-articles/plastic-pollution-public-framings-and-plastic.html},\n\tabstract = {Engaging with Michelle Murphy’s regimes of perceptibility, we argue that framings of plastic pollution render certain dimensions of plastic pollution visible while eliding others, with adverse results on human and environmental health. When plastic pollution is understood predominantly through the lens of litter, it ends up encouraging toxic practices such as the open burning of plastic wastes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-03-29},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Latkar, Aarti and Pathak, Gauri},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2024},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Engaging with Michelle Murphy’s regimes of perceptibility, we argue that framings of plastic pollution render certain dimensions of plastic pollution visible while eliding others, with adverse results on human and environmental health. When plastic pollution is understood predominantly through the lens of litter, it ends up encouraging toxic practices such as the open burning of plastic wastes.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Experts of Identity: Race, Ethnicity, and Science in India, 1910s–1940s.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghoshal, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 115(1): 84–104. March 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{ghoshal_experts_2024,\n\ttitle = {Experts of {Identity}: {Race}, {Ethnicity}, and {Science} in {India}, 1910s–1940s},\n\tvolume = {115},\n\tissn = {0021-1753, 1545-6994},\n\tshorttitle = {Experts of {Identity}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/729014},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/729014},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Ghoshal, Sayori},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Colonial Science, History of Anthropology, India},\n\tpages = {84--104},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 2023\n \n \n (64)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Skin and Sound: Caring for and Crafting Bovine Hide in South India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kannan, T. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 64(4): 1121–1139. October 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kannan_skin_2023,\n\ttitle = {Skin and {Sound}: {Caring} for and {Crafting} {Bovine} {Hide} in {South} {India}},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {1097-3729},\n\tshorttitle = {Skin and {Sound}},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/910997},\n\tdoi = {10.1353/tech.2023.a910997},\n\tabstract = {This article explores the little-studied technological practice of instrument making in South India, where the introduction of bovine hide brought new musical possibilities to a community of musicians. It narrates the animal-human relationship embedded in the everyday technology of making and maintaining sound instruments between 1930 and 2010 and how various actors sought to reduce the sound of bovine instruments. Based on fieldwork and historical sources, this article contributes to the discussion of nonlinear chronology in the history of technology, showing how technological processes are centered around local time, seasons, and animal-human (professional) life cycle rather than global standardized time. This micro-history describes how makers combined animals and technology to achieve better sounding instruments.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-09-18},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Kannan, Thamarai Selvan},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Crafts, Leather Industry, Micro-History, Music, Social History of Technology, South India, Technologies-in-Practice, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {1121--1139},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article explores the little-studied technological practice of instrument making in South India, where the introduction of bovine hide brought new musical possibilities to a community of musicians. It narrates the animal-human relationship embedded in the everyday technology of making and maintaining sound instruments between 1930 and 2010 and how various actors sought to reduce the sound of bovine instruments. Based on fieldwork and historical sources, this article contributes to the discussion of nonlinear chronology in the history of technology, showing how technological processes are centered around local time, seasons, and animal-human (professional) life cycle rather than global standardized time. This micro-history describes how makers combined animals and technology to achieve better sounding instruments.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n In Search of a “Social-AQI”.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dwivedi, R.; Yaqoob, M.; Khan, A.; Priyadarshi, P.; Ahmad, S.; Attri, S.; and Mutharaju, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n SAMAJ: South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, (30): 134–160. July 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dwivedi_search_2023,\n\ttitle = {In {Search} of a “{Social}-{AQI}”},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/},\n\tissn = {1960-6060},\n\turl = {https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/8768},\n\tdoi = {10.4000/samaj.8768},\n\tabstract = {Globally, datafication is being adopted as a solution for socio-environmental issues, with the belief that it will democratize decision-making by simplifying knowledge through data. However, this process can further alienate marginalized groups from governance by disregarding practical exposure levels and the sociopolitical contexts in which people live and engage at the community level. In this paper, we use community participation as a tool to develop the Social Air Quality Index (S-AQI), which shapes neighborhood air pollution mapping and monitoring in Delhi. We first question the impact of datafication on air pollution quality measurements and challenge the claim that air quality governance is possible simply through the deployment of high-tech devices and AQI standardization, which is often used to produce and share data about air pollution across Delhi. Instead, we propose an alternative community-oriented methodology and incorporate an interactive approach that relies on public workshops, offline questionnaires, and low-cost sensors to engage with six neighborhoods. Through this intervention-based approach, we seek to explore how to develop AQI understanding among local stakeholders and identify pathways to build greater social awareness and knowledge of AQI as a means of dealing with the pollution crisis.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {30},\n\turldate = {2025-09-18},\n\tjournal = {SAMAJ: South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal},\n\tauthor = {Dwivedi, Ruchi and Yaqoob, Muzamil and Khan, Aasim and Priyadarshi, Praveen and Ahmad, Saad and Attri, Sudhir and Mutharaju, Raghava},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Air Pollution, Air Quality Index, Citizen Science, Community Workshops, Data Politics, New Delhi, Public Engagement with S\\&T},\n\tpages = {134--160},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Globally, datafication is being adopted as a solution for socio-environmental issues, with the belief that it will democratize decision-making by simplifying knowledge through data. However, this process can further alienate marginalized groups from governance by disregarding practical exposure levels and the sociopolitical contexts in which people live and engage at the community level. In this paper, we use community participation as a tool to develop the Social Air Quality Index (S-AQI), which shapes neighborhood air pollution mapping and monitoring in Delhi. We first question the impact of datafication on air pollution quality measurements and challenge the claim that air quality governance is possible simply through the deployment of high-tech devices and AQI standardization, which is often used to produce and share data about air pollution across Delhi. Instead, we propose an alternative community-oriented methodology and incorporate an interactive approach that relies on public workshops, offline questionnaires, and low-cost sensors to engage with six neighborhoods. Through this intervention-based approach, we seek to explore how to develop AQI understanding among local stakeholders and identify pathways to build greater social awareness and knowledge of AQI as a means of dealing with the pollution crisis.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n In Search of a “Social-AQI”: Democratic Deficits in the Air Pollution Data Regime in Delhi.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dwivedi, R.; Yaqoob, M.; Khan, A.; Priyadarshi, P.; Ahmad, S.; Attri, S.; and Mutharaju, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, (30): (online). July 2023.\n Entry sent by Muzamil Yaqoob on 11.08.2025\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dwivedi_search_2023,\n\ttitle = {In {Search} of a “{Social}-{AQI}”: {Democratic} {Deficits} in the {Air} {Pollution} {Data} {Regime} in {Delhi}},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/},\n\tissn = {1960-6060},\n\turl = {https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/8768},\n\tdoi = {10.4000/samaj.8768},\n\tabstract = {Globally, datafication is being adopted as a solution for socio-environmental issues, with the belief that it will democratize decision-making by simplifying knowledge through data. However, this process can further alienate marginalized groups from governance by disregarding practical exposure levels and the sociopolitical contexts in which people live and engage at the community level. In this paper, we use community participation as a tool to develop the Social Air Quality Index (S-AQI), which shapes neighborhood air pollution mapping and monitoring in Delhi. We first question the impact of datafication on air pollution quality measurements and challenge the claim that air quality governance is possible simply through the deployment of high-tech devices and AQI standardization, which is often used to produce and share data about air pollution across Delhi. Instead, we propose an alternative community-oriented methodology and incorporate an interactive approach that relies on public workshops, offline questionnaires, and low-cost sensors to engage with six neighborhoods. Through this intervention-based approach, we seek to explore how to develop AQI understanding among local stakeholders and identify pathways to build greater social awareness and knowledge of AQI as a means of dealing with the pollution crisis.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {30},\n\turldate = {2025-08-11},\n\tjournal = {South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal},\n\tauthor = {Dwivedi, Ruchi and Yaqoob, Muzamil and Khan, Aasim and Priyadarshi, Praveen and Ahmad, Saad and Attri, Sudhir and Mutharaju, Raghava},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Entry sent by Muzamil Yaqoob on 11.08.2025},\n\tkeywords = {Air Pollution, Air Quality Index, Data Politics, New Delhi, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Standardisation},\n\tpages = {(online)},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Globally, datafication is being adopted as a solution for socio-environmental issues, with the belief that it will democratize decision-making by simplifying knowledge through data. However, this process can further alienate marginalized groups from governance by disregarding practical exposure levels and the sociopolitical contexts in which people live and engage at the community level. In this paper, we use community participation as a tool to develop the Social Air Quality Index (S-AQI), which shapes neighborhood air pollution mapping and monitoring in Delhi. We first question the impact of datafication on air pollution quality measurements and challenge the claim that air quality governance is possible simply through the deployment of high-tech devices and AQI standardization, which is often used to produce and share data about air pollution across Delhi. Instead, we propose an alternative community-oriented methodology and incorporate an interactive approach that relies on public workshops, offline questionnaires, and low-cost sensors to engage with six neighborhoods. Through this intervention-based approach, we seek to explore how to develop AQI understanding among local stakeholders and identify pathways to build greater social awareness and knowledge of AQI as a means of dealing with the pollution crisis.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping Scientific Method: Disciplinary Narrations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chadha, G.; and Thomas, R.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chadha_mapping_2023,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Mapping {Scientific} {Method}: {Disciplinary} {Narrations}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-032-27352-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Mapping {Scientific} {Method}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Mapping-Scientific-Method-Disciplinary-Narrations/Chadha-Thomas/p/book/9781032288741},\n\tabstract = {This volume explores how the scientific method enters and determines the dominant methodologies of various modern academic disciplines. It highlights the ways in which practitioners from different disciplinary backgrounds –– the humanities, the natural sciences, and the social sciences –– engage with the scientific method in their own disciplines.\n\nThe book maps the discourse (within each of the disciplines) that critiques the scientific method, from different social locations, in order to argue for more complex and nuanced approaches in methodology. It also investigates the connections between the method and the structures of power and domination which exist within these disciplines. In the process, it offers a new way of thinking about the philosophy of the scientific method.\n\nPart of the Science and Technology Studies series, this volume is the first of its kind in the South Asian context to debate scientific methods and address questions by scholars based in the global south. It will be useful to students and practitioners of science, humanities, social sciences, philosophy of science, and philosophy of social science. Research scholars from these disciplines, especially those engaging in interdisciplinary research, will also benefit from this volume.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-11},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Chadha, Gita and Thomas, Renny},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Anthropology, Chemistry, Disciplines, Genetics, Marxism \\& Science, Mathematics, Physics, Psychology / Social Psychology, Scientific Method},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This volume explores how the scientific method enters and determines the dominant methodologies of various modern academic disciplines. It highlights the ways in which practitioners from different disciplinary backgrounds –– the humanities, the natural sciences, and the social sciences –– engage with the scientific method in their own disciplines. The book maps the discourse (within each of the disciplines) that critiques the scientific method, from different social locations, in order to argue for more complex and nuanced approaches in methodology. It also investigates the connections between the method and the structures of power and domination which exist within these disciplines. In the process, it offers a new way of thinking about the philosophy of the scientific method. Part of the Science and Technology Studies series, this volume is the first of its kind in the South Asian context to debate scientific methods and address questions by scholars based in the global south. It will be useful to students and practitioners of science, humanities, social sciences, philosophy of science, and philosophy of social science. Research scholars from these disciplines, especially those engaging in interdisciplinary research, will also benefit from this volume.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Battles Over Social Justice, Caste, and Neo-Liberalism: A Review of ‘The Battle for IITs: A Defense of Meritocracy’.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Suresh, Y.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Engineering Studies, 15(2): 168–175. May 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{suresh_battles_2023,\n\ttitle = {Battles {Over} {Social} {Justice}, {Caste}, and {Neo}-{Liberalism}: {A} {Review} of ‘{The} {Battle} for {IITs}: {A} {Defense} of {Meritocracy}’},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1937-8629, 1940-8374},\n\tshorttitle = {Battles {Over} {Social} {Justice}, {Caste}, and {Neo}-{Liberalism}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19378629.2023.2225776},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/19378629.2023.2225776},\n\tabstract = {Review of the book, THe Battle for IITs: A Defense of Meritocracy authored by Rajiv Malhotra and Vijaya Viswanathan (2023)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Engineering Studies},\n\tauthor = {Suresh, Yogita},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Book Review, Engineering, IITs, Institutions, Meritocracy, Science Education},\n\tpages = {168--175},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Review of the book, THe Battle for IITs: A Defense of Meritocracy authored by Rajiv Malhotra and Vijaya Viswanathan (2023)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Complex Systems Account of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Illustrations from India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Das, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 4: 1–13. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{das_complex_2023,\n\ttitle = {A {Complex} {Systems} {Account} of the {Covid}-19 {Pandemic}: {Illustrations} from {India}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {A {Complex} {Systems} {Account} of the {Covid}-19 {Pandemic}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/22},\n\tabstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic in India and the rest of the world was followed by tremendous health and social consequences. Worldwide the pandemic created challenges that were unpredictable and elusive to our existing ways of thinking. The paper posits that a complex systems thinking is needed to make sense of the society-wide ramifications of a ‘wicked’ problem like the pandemic and devise appropriate resolutions. A complex systems thinking conceptualizes our society as emergent from irreducible interdependencies across individuals, communities and systems, and the pandemic as a complex systems problem that has consequences both immediate and future. The paper uses the complexity lens to explore the unanticipated repercussions of the pandemic control measures that further accentuated pandemic induced socio-economic disruptions, and secondly, the domain of COVID-19 treatment in India, as examples, to demonstrate that while devising a response to complex phenomena like the pandemic more needs to be accounted for than what meets the eye. It thus calls for a more caring science that understands and respects our shared existence and wellbeing and makes use of diverse, democratic and decentralised processes to forge shared pathways for navigating our complex world.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Das, Sayan},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Complex Adaptive Systems, Complexity and Health, Migrant Crisis, Sars-cov-2, Steroids},\n\tpages = {1--13},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The COVID-19 pandemic in India and the rest of the world was followed by tremendous health and social consequences. Worldwide the pandemic created challenges that were unpredictable and elusive to our existing ways of thinking. The paper posits that a complex systems thinking is needed to make sense of the society-wide ramifications of a ‘wicked’ problem like the pandemic and devise appropriate resolutions. A complex systems thinking conceptualizes our society as emergent from irreducible interdependencies across individuals, communities and systems, and the pandemic as a complex systems problem that has consequences both immediate and future. The paper uses the complexity lens to explore the unanticipated repercussions of the pandemic control measures that further accentuated pandemic induced socio-economic disruptions, and secondly, the domain of COVID-19 treatment in India, as examples, to demonstrate that while devising a response to complex phenomena like the pandemic more needs to be accounted for than what meets the eye. It thus calls for a more caring science that understands and respects our shared existence and wellbeing and makes use of diverse, democratic and decentralised processes to forge shared pathways for navigating our complex world.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Designing a Mobile-Messaging App-Based Teachers’ Community of Practice in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thirumalai, B. R; and Sarangapani, P. M\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 43(1-2): 32–41. June 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{thirumalai_designing_2023,\n\ttitle = {Designing a {Mobile}-{Messaging} {App}-{Based} {Teachers}’ {Community} of {Practice} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {43},\n\tissn = {0270-4676, 1552-4183},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02704676231165652},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/02704676231165652},\n\tabstract = {A mobile-based messaging app (MMA) was implemented as a teachers’ community of practice in the Indian context through a large-scale educational initiative. The development process adopted a Design-based Research approach to test underlying theories in real-world settings. The researchers theorised the pedagogical affordances of the MMA Telegram using Davis and Chouinard's theoretical framework of affordances, defined as a relational process among users, designers, the environment, and the artefact. This paper discusses the iterative design process in detail. The findings showed that the MMA encourages accessibility and for teachers to showcase their practice in the online community of practice and refuses (does not allow) the development of the online community of practice as an epistemic community.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-30},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Thirumalai, Bindu R and Sarangapani, Padma M},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Digital Education, Digital STS, India, Mobile Application},\n\tpages = {32--41},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A mobile-based messaging app (MMA) was implemented as a teachers’ community of practice in the Indian context through a large-scale educational initiative. The development process adopted a Design-based Research approach to test underlying theories in real-world settings. The researchers theorised the pedagogical affordances of the MMA Telegram using Davis and Chouinard's theoretical framework of affordances, defined as a relational process among users, designers, the environment, and the artefact. This paper discusses the iterative design process in detail. The findings showed that the MMA encourages accessibility and for teachers to showcase their practice in the online community of practice and refuses (does not allow) the development of the online community of practice as an epistemic community.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Colonialism, nationalism and reconstruction of history of science: the case of Goa.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rao, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of History of Science, 58(3): 188–195. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{rao_colonialism_2023,\n\ttitle = {Colonialism, nationalism and reconstruction of history of science: the case of {Goa}},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {2454-9991},\n\tshorttitle = {Colonialism, nationalism and reconstruction of history of science},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00091-3},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s43539-023-00091-3},\n\tabstract = {This paper argues that nationalist ideology influenced the writings of Goan elites who joined their Indian counterparts. The latter glorified the pre-modern history, literature, art, and architecture of India as a response to the colonial assertions of its superiority. In the case of Goa, the colonial authorities propounded the concept of Goa Dourada, or golden Goa under Portuguese rule. The local elites countered this concept through ‘Goa Indica’, thus exhibiting the relationship of colonial Goa with colonial India. In the process, the scholars such as Menezes Braganza, Panduranga Pissurlencar, and Adeatado Baretto discussed the contribution of ancient Indians to the field of science and technology. The glorification of ancient Indian science and technology contributed to the rise of ‘pseudo-science’, which is considered a byproduct of the anti-colonial movement. However, the rise of ‘pseudo-science’ was an unavoidable development, particularly in the colonial period. The Goan historians, while reconstructing the history of science, followed their counterparts in British India to show that Goa was a part of India. Scholars were able to achieve national unity in the pre and post-colonial periods by studying science and technology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Rao, Nagendra},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, British India, Colonial Science, Goa, Golden Past Trope, Historiogra, Intellectual History, Portuguese India, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {188--195},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper argues that nationalist ideology influenced the writings of Goan elites who joined their Indian counterparts. The latter glorified the pre-modern history, literature, art, and architecture of India as a response to the colonial assertions of its superiority. In the case of Goa, the colonial authorities propounded the concept of Goa Dourada, or golden Goa under Portuguese rule. The local elites countered this concept through ‘Goa Indica’, thus exhibiting the relationship of colonial Goa with colonial India. In the process, the scholars such as Menezes Braganza, Panduranga Pissurlencar, and Adeatado Baretto discussed the contribution of ancient Indians to the field of science and technology. The glorification of ancient Indian science and technology contributed to the rise of ‘pseudo-science’, which is considered a byproduct of the anti-colonial movement. However, the rise of ‘pseudo-science’ was an unavoidable development, particularly in the colonial period. The Goan historians, while reconstructing the history of science, followed their counterparts in British India to show that Goa was a part of India. Scholars were able to achieve national unity in the pre and post-colonial periods by studying science and technology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Caste, Knowledge, and Power: Ways of Knowing in Twentieth Century Malabar.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sunandan, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, New Delhi, 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sunandan_caste_2023,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Caste, {Knowledge}, and {Power}: {Ways} of {Knowing} in {Twentieth} {Century} {Malabar}},\n\tisbn = {9781009273121},\n\tshorttitle = {Caste, {Knowledge}, and {Power}},\n\tabstract = {"Caste, Knowledge, and Power explores the emergence of knowledge as a measure of human in the colonial and casteist contexts in twentieth-century Malabar, India. It undertakes a comparative study of two caste communities in Malabar-Asharis (carpenter caste) and Nampoothiris (Brahmins) for their varied interactions with and intervention in the emerging colonial forms of knowledge production. The author argues that the caste location determined not only the presence or absence in the system of knowledge production, but also the cognitive process of knowing and hence the very idea of what is considered as knowledge. In other words, it engages less with the marginalization of the oppressed castes in the modern institutions of knowledge production, which has already been discussed widely in the scholarship. Rather, the author focuses on how the modern colonial-brahminical concept of knowledge invalidated many other forms of knowing practices and how historically caste domination transformed from the claims of superiority in acharam (ritual practices) to the claims of superiority in possession of knowledge. In short, the book investigates the transformations of caste practices in twentieth-century India and the role of knowledge in this transformation and in the continuation of these oppressive practices. It also diverges from the tradition of considering colonial power as the determining force and actions of the communities as response to this power. The author situates the domination and subordination as interaction and indicates that, in India, colonial modernity emerged as colonial-brahmanical modernity. The periodization-twentieth century-is also indicative of moving away from the dominant classification of colonial and postcolonial, and hence posits the argument that postcolonial practices of knowledge are a continuation of the colonial-brahmanical practices formed in the first half of the twentieth century"--},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Sunandan, K.N.},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Artisanal Knowledge, Caste, Engineering, History of Technology, India, Kerala, Social History of Technology, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"Caste, Knowledge, and Power explores the emergence of knowledge as a measure of human in the colonial and casteist contexts in twentieth-century Malabar, India. It undertakes a comparative study of two caste communities in Malabar-Asharis (carpenter caste) and Nampoothiris (Brahmins) for their varied interactions with and intervention in the emerging colonial forms of knowledge production. The author argues that the caste location determined not only the presence or absence in the system of knowledge production, but also the cognitive process of knowing and hence the very idea of what is considered as knowledge. In other words, it engages less with the marginalization of the oppressed castes in the modern institutions of knowledge production, which has already been discussed widely in the scholarship. Rather, the author focuses on how the modern colonial-brahminical concept of knowledge invalidated many other forms of knowing practices and how historically caste domination transformed from the claims of superiority in acharam (ritual practices) to the claims of superiority in possession of knowledge. In short, the book investigates the transformations of caste practices in twentieth-century India and the role of knowledge in this transformation and in the continuation of these oppressive practices. It also diverges from the tradition of considering colonial power as the determining force and actions of the communities as response to this power. The author situates the domination and subordination as interaction and indicates that, in India, colonial modernity emerged as colonial-brahmanical modernity. The periodization-twentieth century-is also indicative of moving away from the dominant classification of colonial and postcolonial, and hence posits the argument that postcolonial practices of knowledge are a continuation of the colonial-brahmanical practices formed in the first half of the twentieth century\"–\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Does Digital Technology Impact User Participation? A Case Study of Sports Authority of India (SAI).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Supriya, N.; Das, M.; and Raina, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Electronic Governance, 15(4): 384–403. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{supriya_does_2023,\n\ttitle = {Does {Digital} {Technology} {Impact} {User} {Participation}? {A} {Case} {Study} of {Sports} {Authority} of {India} ({SAI})},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1742-7509, 1742-7517},\n\turl = {http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=136269},\n\tdoi = {10.1504/IJEG.2023.136269},\n\tabstract = {To develop a more centralised system, Sports Authority of India (SAI) has implemented several e-governance initiatives. The study has been conducted by collecting data from 80 respondents, including coaches, athletes, and administrative officers, through qualitative interviews as well as focus groups. The actor-network theory (ANT) has been adopted to understand user participation in e-governance initiatives by SAI. The study's primary purpose is to identify the role of user participation in developing a better e-governance system. The study has found a positive willingness among coaches and administrative officers to use different e-governance initiatives, such is expected to improve the performance of players. However, barriers regarding technical knowledge and social perception still exist, which need to be addressed. The e-governance technologies also show the control of higher authorities over the users. The current study has been one of the primary studies on sports e-governance in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Electronic Governance},\n\tauthor = {Supriya, N.A. and Das, Madhurima and Raina, Sunita},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Actor–Network Theory, E-governance, India, Sports},\n\tpages = {384--403},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n To develop a more centralised system, Sports Authority of India (SAI) has implemented several e-governance initiatives. The study has been conducted by collecting data from 80 respondents, including coaches, athletes, and administrative officers, through qualitative interviews as well as focus groups. The actor-network theory (ANT) has been adopted to understand user participation in e-governance initiatives by SAI. The study's primary purpose is to identify the role of user participation in developing a better e-governance system. The study has found a positive willingness among coaches and administrative officers to use different e-governance initiatives, such is expected to improve the performance of players. However, barriers regarding technical knowledge and social perception still exist, which need to be addressed. The e-governance technologies also show the control of higher authorities over the users. The current study has been one of the primary studies on sports e-governance in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Non-standard Nature: Venoms, Serum and Serpentariums in the Uneven Fabrication of Global Health.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Quet, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Science & Medicine, 332: 116113. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{quet_non-standard_2023,\n\ttitle = {Non-standard {Nature}: {Venoms}, {Serum} and {Serpentariums} in the {Uneven} {Fabrication} of {Global} {Health}},\n\tvolume = {332},\n\tissn = {0277-9536},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953623004707},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116113},\n\tabstract = {Envenomation challenges international public health, and antivenom serum is a strategic tool in the management of this condition. However, although antivenom serum has been in use since the late 19th century, the accessibility, quality and safety of this essential health product are still causes for concern in the most affected areas. The reasons for such a situation are multiple and include the poverty of snakebite victims, the high production costs of serum, the logistical difficulties pertaining to the mostly rural location of envenomation events, however one root cause has been the recurring difficulty to standardize antivenom serum as a health commodity. This paper, grounded in “Science and Technology Studies” (STS) focuses on this standardization issue, and argues that it can be explained in two complementary ways: on one hand, the difficulty to standardize serum relates to the nature of venom itself, and on the other hand, it relates to the social and institutional characteristics of envenomation as a neglected disease. The argument is supported by the analysis of reports published by the World Health Organization expert committee on biological standardization from 1947 to 2022 and dealing with the standardization of venom and antivenom. The paper describes the successive standardization strategies implemented by international public health actors. This analysis shows that standardization procedures are shaped by a series of interactions between objects (venom and antivenom), scientific bodies of knowledge that characterize them (eg. toxinology or venomics), organizational and financial public health regimes that frame their circulation. The difficulties raised by the standardization of antivenom reveal the problematic articulation between these domains. Acknowledging this problematic articulation, the discussion emphasizes its consequences for the understanding of relations between medical technologies, global markets and so-called “natural resources”. One conclusion drawn from these findings is to call for a “One Health” approach that would take into greater account the diversity and complexity of non-human life.},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Social Science \\& Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Quet, Mathieu},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Animal Studies, Anti-Venom, Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, Global South, India, Liberalisation, One health, Snakes, Standardisation},\n\tpages = {116113},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Envenomation challenges international public health, and antivenom serum is a strategic tool in the management of this condition. However, although antivenom serum has been in use since the late 19th century, the accessibility, quality and safety of this essential health product are still causes for concern in the most affected areas. The reasons for such a situation are multiple and include the poverty of snakebite victims, the high production costs of serum, the logistical difficulties pertaining to the mostly rural location of envenomation events, however one root cause has been the recurring difficulty to standardize antivenom serum as a health commodity. This paper, grounded in “Science and Technology Studies” (STS) focuses on this standardization issue, and argues that it can be explained in two complementary ways: on one hand, the difficulty to standardize serum relates to the nature of venom itself, and on the other hand, it relates to the social and institutional characteristics of envenomation as a neglected disease. The argument is supported by the analysis of reports published by the World Health Organization expert committee on biological standardization from 1947 to 2022 and dealing with the standardization of venom and antivenom. The paper describes the successive standardization strategies implemented by international public health actors. This analysis shows that standardization procedures are shaped by a series of interactions between objects (venom and antivenom), scientific bodies of knowledge that characterize them (eg. toxinology or venomics), organizational and financial public health regimes that frame their circulation. The difficulties raised by the standardization of antivenom reveal the problematic articulation between these domains. Acknowledging this problematic articulation, the discussion emphasizes its consequences for the understanding of relations between medical technologies, global markets and so-called “natural resources”. One conclusion drawn from these findings is to call for a “One Health” approach that would take into greater account the diversity and complexity of non-human life.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Teaching Climate Change: Science, Stories, Justice.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Singh, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, December 2023.\n Google-Books-ID: EvTkEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{singh_teaching_2023,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Teaching {Climate} {Change}: {Science}, {Stories}, {Justice}},\n\tisbn = {9781003835059},\n\tshorttitle = {Teaching {Climate} {Change}},\n\tabstract = {Teaching Climate Change: Science, Stories, Justice shows educators how climate change can be taught from any disciplinary perspective and in a transdisciplinary way, drawing on examples from the author's own classroom.The book sets out a radical vision for climate pedagogy, introducing an innovative framework in which the scientific essentials of climate change are scaffolded via three transdisciplinary meta-concepts: Balance/Imbalance, Critical Thresholds and Complex Interconnections. Author Vandana Singh grounds this theory in practice, drawing on examples from her own classroom to provide implementable ideas for educators, and to demonstrate how climate change can be taught from any disciplinary perspective in a transdisciplinary way. The book also explores the barriers to effective climate education at a macro level, focusing on issues such as climate misinformation/misconception, the exclusion of social and ethical concerns and a focus on technofixes. Singh uses this information to identify four key dimensions for an effective climate pedagogy, in which issues of justice are central: scientific-technological, the transdisciplinary, the epistemological and the psychosocial. This approach is broad and flexible enough to be adapted to different classrooms and contexts.Bridging the social and natural sciences, this book will be an essential resource for all climate change educators practicing in both formal and informal settings, as well as for community climate activists.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Singh, Vandana},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: EvTkEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Climate Change, Climate Pedagogy, Science Education},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Teaching Climate Change: Science, Stories, Justice shows educators how climate change can be taught from any disciplinary perspective and in a transdisciplinary way, drawing on examples from the author's own classroom.The book sets out a radical vision for climate pedagogy, introducing an innovative framework in which the scientific essentials of climate change are scaffolded via three transdisciplinary meta-concepts: Balance/Imbalance, Critical Thresholds and Complex Interconnections. Author Vandana Singh grounds this theory in practice, drawing on examples from her own classroom to provide implementable ideas for educators, and to demonstrate how climate change can be taught from any disciplinary perspective in a transdisciplinary way. The book also explores the barriers to effective climate education at a macro level, focusing on issues such as climate misinformation/misconception, the exclusion of social and ethical concerns and a focus on technofixes. Singh uses this information to identify four key dimensions for an effective climate pedagogy, in which issues of justice are central: scientific-technological, the transdisciplinary, the epistemological and the psychosocial. This approach is broad and flexible enough to be adapted to different classrooms and contexts.Bridging the social and natural sciences, this book will be an essential resource for all climate change educators practicing in both formal and informal settings, as well as for community climate activists.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Socio-Technical Challenge between the Two Modes: How to Engage Science and Technology Studies in a Coherent Engineering Practice?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kant, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 5: 1–17. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kant_socio-technical_2023,\n\ttitle = {The {Socio}-{Technical} {Challenge} between the {Two} {Modes}: {How} to {Engage} {Science} and {Technology} {Studies} in a {Coherent} {Engineering} {Practice}?},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Socio}-technical challenge between the two modes},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/59},\n\tabstract = {The change in Indian political and economic conditions has brought about a change in the outlooks of academic producers and consumers alike. There has been an increasing demand for transparency and equity in government-supported modes of activity, as well as, an increase in engineering and technological activity. Demand has grown in the sectors of engineering and design. The government has concomitantly set up manpower production avenues in the form of engineering institutes and the creation of a design spine in the current engineering curriculum. While this dominant wave has continued, there is a counter growth from other academic sectors, such as Science and Technology Studies (STS), that emphasizes that the crux of technoscientific activities need to be comprehended to make their end results just and equitable to society. Most notable in this line of research is the study of large-scale technical systems, socio-technical systems, by both historians and sociologists. While both the engineering and STS academic literature have continued to grow steadily in these large technological systems, there is still a need for integrating the insights of STS into core engineering practices for systems design in Indian technological development trajectories. This chapter aims to highlight that the dichotomy of the two modes of knowledge production, in terms of state-led top-down and actor-led bottom-up, does not fare well for socio-technical systems. Thus, there is a need for tighter integration between the existing modes of engineering activity with the new alternatives, such as STS, with the long-term view of comprehending the two waves, Post–Nehruvian VS. new technoscientific consensus, together rather than seeing them as alternatives.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Kant, Vivek},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Socio-technical system},\n\tpages = {1--17},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The change in Indian political and economic conditions has brought about a change in the outlooks of academic producers and consumers alike. There has been an increasing demand for transparency and equity in government-supported modes of activity, as well as, an increase in engineering and technological activity. Demand has grown in the sectors of engineering and design. The government has concomitantly set up manpower production avenues in the form of engineering institutes and the creation of a design spine in the current engineering curriculum. While this dominant wave has continued, there is a counter growth from other academic sectors, such as Science and Technology Studies (STS), that emphasizes that the crux of technoscientific activities need to be comprehended to make their end results just and equitable to society. Most notable in this line of research is the study of large-scale technical systems, socio-technical systems, by both historians and sociologists. While both the engineering and STS academic literature have continued to grow steadily in these large technological systems, there is still a need for integrating the insights of STS into core engineering practices for systems design in Indian technological development trajectories. This chapter aims to highlight that the dichotomy of the two modes of knowledge production, in terms of state-led top-down and actor-led bottom-up, does not fare well for socio-technical systems. Thus, there is a need for tighter integration between the existing modes of engineering activity with the new alternatives, such as STS, with the long-term view of comprehending the two waves, Post–Nehruvian VS. new technoscientific consensus, together rather than seeing them as alternatives.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Influencers as Institutions: Impact of Digital Politics in the Global South.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sinha, K.; Jhalani, P.; Khan, A.; and Mukherjee, P. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Policy, 14(5): 912–924. November 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sinha_influencers_2023,\n\ttitle = {Influencers as {Institutions}: {Impact} of {Digital} {Politics} in the {Global} {South}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1758-5880, 1758-5899},\n\tshorttitle = {Influencers as institutions},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1758-5899.13188},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13188},\n\tabstract = {The digital space has become indispensable for campaigns around the world. However, it is not obvious how digital influence translates to leverage on‐ground action, particularly in its impact on protest movements that challenge the status quo. In our study, we seek to clarify these conceptual issues with the idea of influence in digital politics and develop a framework to understand its institutional impact, particularly in the Global South. Taking two prominent movements, \\#BlackLivesMatter, which was successful in changing the state's policy on racism, and \\#AntiCAA in India, a similar movement that achieved less success, we develop a comparative framework that can be applied to understand the limits of digital influence in the Global South. Highlighting the difference in their institutional contexts, we show that digital influence emerges not only in terms of its positive impact but also in the negative impact it can have when the state and its institution seek to counter the protests.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Global Policy},\n\tauthor = {Sinha, Karishma and Jhalani, Paarmita and Khan, Aasim and Mukherjee, Payel Chattopadhyay},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Citizenship, Digital STS, Digitalisation, India},\n\tpages = {912--924},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The digital space has become indispensable for campaigns around the world. However, it is not obvious how digital influence translates to leverage on‐ground action, particularly in its impact on protest movements that challenge the status quo. In our study, we seek to clarify these conceptual issues with the idea of influence in digital politics and develop a framework to understand its institutional impact, particularly in the Global South. Taking two prominent movements, #BlackLivesMatter, which was successful in changing the state's policy on racism, and #AntiCAA in India, a similar movement that achieved less success, we develop a comparative framework that can be applied to understand the limits of digital influence in the Global South. Highlighting the difference in their institutional contexts, we show that digital influence emerges not only in terms of its positive impact but also in the negative impact it can have when the state and its institution seek to counter the protests.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n E-Waste by Mobile Phones: A Case Study on the Consumption, Disposal Behavior, and Awareness of Consumers in Kolkata, India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Adhikari, K.; and Roy, A. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 43(3-4): 55–66. December 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{adhikari_e-waste_2023,\n\ttitle = {E-{Waste} by {Mobile} {Phones}: {A} {Case} {Study} on the {Consumption}, {Disposal} {Behavior}, and {Awareness} of {Consumers} in {Kolkata}, {India}},\n\tvolume = {43},\n\tissn = {0270-4676, 1552-4183},\n\tshorttitle = {E-waste by mobile {Phones}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02704676231224700},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/02704676231224700},\n\tabstract = {Mobile phones, particularly smartphones, have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. Technological advancements and the availability of high-speed internet services have culminated in an enormous rise in the number of mobile phone users. Nowadays, as a result of constant advancements in mobile phone technology and other factors, a portion of consumers use more than one mobile phone. On the other hand, the actual lifespan of a mobile phone has reached nearly 4 years. As a result, mobile phone waste as a component of electronic waste has increased significantly over the last decade. From an environmental point of view, various carcinogenic chemical components may be released from mobile phones during the informal recycling process, drastically polluting our environment. According to our survey, while the majority of educated mobile phone users in Kolkata are aware of the adverse effects of electronic waste (e-waste), they typically choose less expensive and easier disposal solutions since they are not concerned about the recycling of mobile phones or e-waste. This study primarily highlighted mobile phone disposal behaviours in Kolkata, India. After reviewing the results of our questionnaire, we noticed numerous actual problems with customers’ disposal patterns for their obsolete mobile phones. In this article, we attempt to depict the current problem of e-waste generated from mobile phones in Kolkata.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-30},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Adhikari, Kartik and Roy, Amit Saha},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {E-waste, India, Kolkata, Sociology of Technology},\n\tpages = {55--66},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Mobile phones, particularly smartphones, have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. Technological advancements and the availability of high-speed internet services have culminated in an enormous rise in the number of mobile phone users. Nowadays, as a result of constant advancements in mobile phone technology and other factors, a portion of consumers use more than one mobile phone. On the other hand, the actual lifespan of a mobile phone has reached nearly 4 years. As a result, mobile phone waste as a component of electronic waste has increased significantly over the last decade. From an environmental point of view, various carcinogenic chemical components may be released from mobile phones during the informal recycling process, drastically polluting our environment. According to our survey, while the majority of educated mobile phone users in Kolkata are aware of the adverse effects of electronic waste (e-waste), they typically choose less expensive and easier disposal solutions since they are not concerned about the recycling of mobile phones or e-waste. This study primarily highlighted mobile phone disposal behaviours in Kolkata, India. After reviewing the results of our questionnaire, we noticed numerous actual problems with customers’ disposal patterns for their obsolete mobile phones. In this article, we attempt to depict the current problem of e-waste generated from mobile phones in Kolkata.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Archaeology for the Courtroom: The Ayodhya Case and the Fashioning of a Hybrid Episteme.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varghese, R. A\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Social Archaeology,14696053231190374. July 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{varghese_archaeology_2023,\n\ttitle = {Archaeology for the {Courtroom}: {The} {Ayodhya} {Case} and the {Fashioning} of a {Hybrid} {Episteme}},\n\tissn = {1469-6053, 1741-2951},\n\tshorttitle = {Archaeology for the courtroom},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14696053231190374},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/14696053231190374},\n\tabstract = {On 1 August 2002, the Allahabad High Court in India, adjudicating the Ayodhya Case, ordered archaeological excavations by the central government agency Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) at the site of the demolished mosque Babri Masjid in Uttar Pradesh. The order marked a new moment for the convergence of law and archaeology in India, with archaeological knowledge being produced on judicial demand as evidence in a civil dispute. This paper argues that this marked the emergence of a hybrid episteme of archaeology-as-legal-evidence which redefines archaeology within the framework of law. It traces these tendencies by a close reading of three documents: the judgements of the Allahabad High Court and the Supreme Court in the Ayodhya Case and an order issued by a lower court in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh on 8 April 2021 in the GyanVapi Case. I argue that the new role that archaeology is assuming in courtrooms in India is destabilising the standing of the ASI as the authority of archaeological knowledge and the protector of the nation’s material past. It has also produced a category of assertive public that successfully demands production of archaeological knowledge towards ideological ends.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Social Archaeology},\n\tauthor = {Varghese, Rachel A},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Archeology, Expertise, India, Law and Science, Religious Nationalism},\n\tpages = {14696053231190374},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n On 1 August 2002, the Allahabad High Court in India, adjudicating the Ayodhya Case, ordered archaeological excavations by the central government agency Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) at the site of the demolished mosque Babri Masjid in Uttar Pradesh. The order marked a new moment for the convergence of law and archaeology in India, with archaeological knowledge being produced on judicial demand as evidence in a civil dispute. This paper argues that this marked the emergence of a hybrid episteme of archaeology-as-legal-evidence which redefines archaeology within the framework of law. It traces these tendencies by a close reading of three documents: the judgements of the Allahabad High Court and the Supreme Court in the Ayodhya Case and an order issued by a lower court in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh on 8 April 2021 in the GyanVapi Case. I argue that the new role that archaeology is assuming in courtrooms in India is destabilising the standing of the ASI as the authority of archaeological knowledge and the protector of the nation’s material past. It has also produced a category of assertive public that successfully demands production of archaeological knowledge towards ideological ends.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n By The People: How ‘Clicktivism’ Helped Shape Net Neutrality in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramanian, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society,1–21. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{subramanian_by_2023,\n\ttitle = {By {The} {People}: {How} ‘{Clicktivism}’ {Helped} {Shape} {Net} {Neutrality} in {India}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {By {The} {People}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/53},\n\tabstract = {In March 2015, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) released a consultation paper inviting responses and comments from the public to recommendations that private telecom operators be allowed to charge extra for third-party internet-based applications and services. This was in response to certain telecom companies deciding to charge internet-based voice calls at the rate of voice calls, paving the way for differentiating between kinds of content transferred via the internet using mobile phones. In response, an unprecedented online movement inundated the TRAI website, seeking to overturn the recommendations, and laying the groundwork for what has come to be seen as robust net neutrality laws.\nThe movement was magnified online by a group of artists, journalists, technologists, lawyers, and policy experts who came together under the Save The Internet campaign and encouraged internet users in India to take part in the consultation process. TRAI received over a million responses. It was this public outcry that defeated some of the most powerful players in the digital realm – from telecom companies to Facebook, leading to the net neutrality laws that now exist in India.\nThis paper will attempt to chart the evolution of net neutrality in India, focusing on how the net neutrality regulations came to be. In so doing, the paper hopes to understand how a leaderless citizen movement helped shape policy within a highly technical space, normally considered the domain of ‘experts.’ As more and more ‘users’ of the internet are transformed into ‘consumers’ of internet-related products, the lines demarcating ‘consumers,’ ‘citizens,’ ‘users,’ and ‘data subjects’ are becoming increasingly blurred. In moments such as the public debate on net neutrality, not only did the ‘citizen’ aspect of internet users come to the fore, it also allowed for the observation of participatory democracy in action.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Subramanian, Vidya},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Net neutrality},\n\tpages = {1--21},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In March 2015, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) released a consultation paper inviting responses and comments from the public to recommendations that private telecom operators be allowed to charge extra for third-party internet-based applications and services. This was in response to certain telecom companies deciding to charge internet-based voice calls at the rate of voice calls, paving the way for differentiating between kinds of content transferred via the internet using mobile phones. In response, an unprecedented online movement inundated the TRAI website, seeking to overturn the recommendations, and laying the groundwork for what has come to be seen as robust net neutrality laws. The movement was magnified online by a group of artists, journalists, technologists, lawyers, and policy experts who came together under the Save The Internet campaign and encouraged internet users in India to take part in the consultation process. TRAI received over a million responses. It was this public outcry that defeated some of the most powerful players in the digital realm – from telecom companies to Facebook, leading to the net neutrality laws that now exist in India. This paper will attempt to chart the evolution of net neutrality in India, focusing on how the net neutrality regulations came to be. In so doing, the paper hopes to understand how a leaderless citizen movement helped shape policy within a highly technical space, normally considered the domain of ‘experts.’ As more and more ‘users’ of the internet are transformed into ‘consumers’ of internet-related products, the lines demarcating ‘consumers,’ ‘citizens,’ ‘users,’ and ‘data subjects’ are becoming increasingly blurred. In moments such as the public debate on net neutrality, not only did the ‘citizen’ aspect of internet users come to the fore, it also allowed for the observation of participatory democracy in action.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ‘Citizen Science’ in Ecology in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sekhsaria, P.; and Thayyil, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 5: 1–24. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{sekhsaria_citizen_2023,\n\ttitle = {‘{Citizen} {Science}’ in {Ecology} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/48},\n\tabstract = {The emergence of Citizen Science can be understood as the coming together of three broad contemporary trends at the intersection of scientific research and environmental regulation: the growing awareness among the public on matters of the environment, the growing availability of (big) data that has been facilitated by the rapid evolution of technologies of data gathering, transmission and analysis, all of which would broadly constitute the frame of ‘big data.’ The third of these trends, and third, the increased interest and participation of the citizenry in scientific research and environmental monitoring on the one hand and regulation on the other. This paper is based on a detailed study of 17 different self-identified Citizen Science projects currently underway in India and seeks to provide trends, analysis and insight on this rapidly growing way of ‘doing science.’ Analysis and key findings are based on quantitative and qualitative assessments. The quantitative dimensions discuss the number of citizens participating, the volume of data contributed and collected and the time frames which the different projects operate within. The qualitative aspects of discussion are related to matters such as the concept of 'voluntarity,' the citizen science nomenclature, the possibility of challenging existing power structures within scientific research that citizen science offers, issues of data ownership and regulation and also on the promises and limitations of the technological interfaces that make Citizen Science possible.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Sekhsaria, Pankaj and Thayyil, Naveen},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Science, citizen, participation},\n\tpages = {1--24},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The emergence of Citizen Science can be understood as the coming together of three broad contemporary trends at the intersection of scientific research and environmental regulation: the growing awareness among the public on matters of the environment, the growing availability of (big) data that has been facilitated by the rapid evolution of technologies of data gathering, transmission and analysis, all of which would broadly constitute the frame of ‘big data.’ The third of these trends, and third, the increased interest and participation of the citizenry in scientific research and environmental monitoring on the one hand and regulation on the other. This paper is based on a detailed study of 17 different self-identified Citizen Science projects currently underway in India and seeks to provide trends, analysis and insight on this rapidly growing way of ‘doing science.’ Analysis and key findings are based on quantitative and qualitative assessments. The quantitative dimensions discuss the number of citizens participating, the volume of data contributed and collected and the time frames which the different projects operate within. The qualitative aspects of discussion are related to matters such as the concept of 'voluntarity,' the citizen science nomenclature, the possibility of challenging existing power structures within scientific research that citizen science offers, issues of data ownership and regulation and also on the promises and limitations of the technological interfaces that make Citizen Science possible.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Spatio-Temporal Patterns in the History of Colonial Botanical Exploration in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ray, R.; and Muralidhar, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Endeavour, 47(1): 100859. June 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ray_spatio-temporal_2023,\n\ttitle = {Spatio-{Temporal} {Patterns} in the {History} of {Colonial} {Botanical} {Exploration} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {0160-9327},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016093272300011X},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100859},\n\tabstract = {A study of Indian botany during the colonial period provides us with an interdisciplinary sphere covering science, politics, sociology, economics, and other associated domains. The presentation of this rich legacy to general readers often restricts itself to the descriptive accounts of explorers with little analysis of the intermingling of socio-political dynamics, landscape, and geography. We attempt to revisit the colonial plant exploration history through spatio-temporal analyses to understand how explorers with divergent interests traversed the country in different periods and directions. Our findings show that the Himalayas drove most of the explorations followed by the Deccan peninsula, the Western Ghats, and the Gangetic plain. In general, company/crown administered areas were better surveyed and documented than native states. Furthermore, through a prioritization exercise, we identify the centers of prominence, highlighting their political, economic, and social importance in contemporary India. In sum, this article shows the potential of applying Historical Geographic Information System (HGIS) mapping for spearheading future research and creating space for possible dialogs among historians, political scientists, and ecologists.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {Endeavour},\n\tauthor = {Ray, Rajasri and Muralidhar, Madhupreeta},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Botany, British Empire, British Naturalists, Colonial India, Colonialism, Geography, Natural History, Spatio-temporal analysis},\n\tpages = {100859},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A study of Indian botany during the colonial period provides us with an interdisciplinary sphere covering science, politics, sociology, economics, and other associated domains. The presentation of this rich legacy to general readers often restricts itself to the descriptive accounts of explorers with little analysis of the intermingling of socio-political dynamics, landscape, and geography. We attempt to revisit the colonial plant exploration history through spatio-temporal analyses to understand how explorers with divergent interests traversed the country in different periods and directions. Our findings show that the Himalayas drove most of the explorations followed by the Deccan peninsula, the Western Ghats, and the Gangetic plain. In general, company/crown administered areas were better surveyed and documented than native states. Furthermore, through a prioritization exercise, we identify the centers of prominence, highlighting their political, economic, and social importance in contemporary India. In sum, this article shows the potential of applying Historical Geographic Information System (HGIS) mapping for spearheading future research and creating space for possible dialogs among historians, political scientists, and ecologists.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Agriculture and the Development Burden.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, R. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jacobsen, K. A., editor(s), Routledge Handbook of Contemporary India. Routledge, London, 2 edition, 2023.\n https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003278436\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{raina_agriculture_2023,\n\taddress = {London},\n\tedition = {2},\n\ttitle = {Agriculture and the {Development} {Burden}},\n\tisbn = {9781003278436},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003278436-8/agriculture-development-burden-rajeswari-raina},\n\tabstract = {This chapter explores how the state along with its ideological and functional allies imposes its own articulation of development on Indian agriculture. The intermediate regime, a Kaleckian exposition of the state constituted by an intermediate class of domestic businesses, large and middle peasantry and the public sector workforce, seeks state-led development and enables accumulation by this class. In the process, it stifles the production potential, sustainability and robustness of diverse agrarian and rural communities and farming systems. In this revised edition, this chapter begins with questions about the agrarian crises and the new politics of agricultural development following the three Farm Laws of 2020. It explains the evolution of Indian agriculture in three phases of development articulation and new relationships between the state and agriculture, where agriculture moved from being the basis of all development (phase 1) to the driver of modernisation for development (phase 2), and is now in a tussle among contending alternatives (phase 3). The intermediate class that came of age in the first phase now reveals tensions within, as sub-national and non-state actors gain voice. It had perfected its pressure politics in the centralised governance of agriculture in the second phase. Now, it enters active electoral politics to gain direct control over the state and agriculture.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Routledge {Handbook} of {Contemporary} {India}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Rajeswari S.},\n\teditor = {Jacobsen, Knut A.},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003278436},\n\tkeywords = {Agrarian Crisis, Agriculture, India, Social History of Knowledge, Sustainable Development},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This chapter explores how the state along with its ideological and functional allies imposes its own articulation of development on Indian agriculture. The intermediate regime, a Kaleckian exposition of the state constituted by an intermediate class of domestic businesses, large and middle peasantry and the public sector workforce, seeks state-led development and enables accumulation by this class. In the process, it stifles the production potential, sustainability and robustness of diverse agrarian and rural communities and farming systems. In this revised edition, this chapter begins with questions about the agrarian crises and the new politics of agricultural development following the three Farm Laws of 2020. It explains the evolution of Indian agriculture in three phases of development articulation and new relationships between the state and agriculture, where agriculture moved from being the basis of all development (phase 1) to the driver of modernisation for development (phase 2), and is now in a tussle among contending alternatives (phase 3). The intermediate class that came of age in the first phase now reveals tensions within, as sub-national and non-state actors gain voice. It had perfected its pressure politics in the centralised governance of agriculture in the second phase. Now, it enters active electoral politics to gain direct control over the state and agriculture.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Apolitical Framing of Frugal Innovation in the Global South: Beyond the Tales of Scarcity, Heroic Inventors and Techno-fixes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pansera, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Handbook on Frugal Innovation, pages 54–68. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, Northampton, 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{pansera_apolitical_2023,\n\taddress = {Cheltenham, Northampton},\n\ttitle = {The {Apolitical} {Framing} of {Frugal} {Innovation} in the {Global} {South}: {Beyond} the {Tales} of {Scarcity}, {Heroic} {Inventors} and {Techno}-fixes},\n\tshorttitle = {The apolitical framing of frugal innovation in the global south},\n\turl = {https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781788118873/book-part-9781788118873-11.xml},\n\tabstract = {The practice of frugal information is perhaps as old as humanity. However, it is only recently that frugal information has received academic attention. The work contribute to making it an established field of interest.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-02},\n\tbooktitle = {Handbook on {Frugal} {Innovation}},\n\tpublisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Pansera, Mario},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {54--68},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The practice of frugal information is perhaps as old as humanity. However, it is only recently that frugal information has received academic attention. The work contribute to making it an established field of interest.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Sound, the Fury and the Silences: The Politics of Influence in Digitalizing India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Martelli, J.; Khan, A.; and Schroeder, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Policy, 14(5): 880–882. November 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{martelli_sound_2023,\n\ttitle = {The {Sound}, the {Fury} and the {Silences}: {The} {Politics} of {Influence} in {Digitalizing} {India}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1758-5880},\n\tshorttitle = {The sound, the fury and the silences},\n\turl = {https://openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/doi:10.1111%2F1758-5899.13308?sid=ebsco:plink:crawler&id=ebsco:doi:10.1111%2F1758-5899.13308},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13308},\n\tabstract = {This article discusses the influence of digital media on politics in India. It highlights the increasing use of online platforms by political actors and the rise of influencers and online activists. The article also explores the impact of social media on public opinion formation, electoral messaging, and political campaigns. It raises concerns about issues such as hate speech, disinformation, and the privatization of urban governance. The authors emphasize the need for contextualized research and the understanding of the sociological composition of online platforms. Overall, the article suggests that while digitalization has the potential to democratize India's public sphere, the political economy of digitalization continues to shape democratic practice.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Global Policy},\n\tauthor = {Martelli, Jean-Thomas and Khan, Aasim and Schroeder, Ralph},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13308},\n\tkeywords = {Digital STS, Digitalisation, India, Information \\& Communication Technology, Political campaigns},\n\tpages = {880--882},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article discusses the influence of digital media on politics in India. It highlights the increasing use of online platforms by political actors and the rise of influencers and online activists. The article also explores the impact of social media on public opinion formation, electoral messaging, and political campaigns. It raises concerns about issues such as hate speech, disinformation, and the privatization of urban governance. The authors emphasize the need for contextualized research and the understanding of the sociological composition of online platforms. Overall, the article suggests that while digitalization has the potential to democratize India's public sphere, the political economy of digitalization continues to shape democratic practice.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Society in Modern India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, August 2023.\n Google-Books-ID: ILe9EAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kumar_science_2023,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Society} in {Modern} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781009350655},\n\tabstract = {The book delineates the role and place of the Western scientific discourse which occupied an important place in the colonization of India. During the colonial period, science became one of the foundations of Indian modernity and the nation-state. Gradually, the educated Indians sought to locate modern scientific ideas and principles within Indian culture and adopted those for the economic regeneration of the country. The discursive terrain of the history of science, especially in the context of a society with a very long and complex past, is bound to be replete with numerous debates on its nature and evolution, its changing contours, its complex civilizational journey, and finally, the enormous impact it has on our own life and time. The book offers a useful introduction to science, society, and government interface in the Indian context.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ILe9EAAAQBAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The book delineates the role and place of the Western scientific discourse which occupied an important place in the colonization of India. During the colonial period, science became one of the foundations of Indian modernity and the nation-state. Gradually, the educated Indians sought to locate modern scientific ideas and principles within Indian culture and adopted those for the economic regeneration of the country. The discursive terrain of the history of science, especially in the context of a society with a very long and complex past, is bound to be replete with numerous debates on its nature and evolution, its changing contours, its complex civilizational journey, and finally, the enormous impact it has on our own life and time. The book offers a useful introduction to science, society, and government interface in the Indian context.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Frugality and Jugaad in Science: Evidence from a Research Laboratory.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sekhsaria, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Handbook on Frugal Innovation, pages 249–261. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham and Northampton, September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@incollection{sekhsaria_frugality_2023,\n\taddress = {Cheltenham and Northampton},\n\ttitle = {Frugality and {Jugaad} in {Science}: {Evidence} from a {Research} {Laboratory}},\n\tisbn = {9781788118873},\n\tshorttitle = {Frugality and jugaad in science},\n\turl = {https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781788118873/book-part-9781788118873-26.xml},\n\tabstract = {This chapter is located at the intersection of three axes that have not yet been explored in academic literature: frugal innovation, jugaad and the scientific laboratory. It offers a multi-layered and cross-sectional exploration in establishing a relationship between frugal innovation and the lab via the concept of jugaad, a contextual and language-embedded form of innovation that is prominent across large parts of the Indian subcontinent. The author argues that the increasingly interchangeable use of jugaad and frugal innovation is problematic. It offers a set of characterizations that show the overlaps and the prominent divergences between the two and makes a case for a more normative use and mobilization of the idea of frugality. Following an interpretive schema of things, the chapter concludes by suggesting that frugal innovation can indeed be seen in the case of the laboratory, but that this is contingent on the choices made and a particular configuration of the empirical reality.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2024-08-02},\n\tbooktitle = {Handbook on {Frugal} {Innovation}},\n\tpublisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Sekhsaria, Pankaj},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Frugal Innovation, India, Laboratory Science},\n\tpages = {249--261},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This chapter is located at the intersection of three axes that have not yet been explored in academic literature: frugal innovation, jugaad and the scientific laboratory. It offers a multi-layered and cross-sectional exploration in establishing a relationship between frugal innovation and the lab via the concept of jugaad, a contextual and language-embedded form of innovation that is prominent across large parts of the Indian subcontinent. The author argues that the increasingly interchangeable use of jugaad and frugal innovation is problematic. It offers a set of characterizations that show the overlaps and the prominent divergences between the two and makes a case for a more normative use and mobilization of the idea of frugality. Following an interpretive schema of things, the chapter concludes by suggesting that frugal innovation can indeed be seen in the case of the laboratory, but that this is contingent on the choices made and a particular configuration of the empirical reality.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Expertise at the ‘Deliberative Turn’: Multiple Publics and the Social Distribution of Technoscientific Expertise.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 3: 1–21. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{varughese_expertise_2023,\n\ttitle = {Expertise at the ‘{Deliberative} {Turn}’: {Multiple} {Publics} and the {Social} {Distribution} of {Technoscientific} {Expertise}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {Expertise at the ‘deliberative {Turn}’},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/39},\n\tabstract = {The scholarly debate on technical expertise in the context of the changing configuration of science is largely informed by the empirical contexts of the west, and a transition of the meanings and practices of expertise towards a more socially distributed and context dependent form has been identified. In the context of public controversies over technoscientific projects, it is generally argued that expertise becomes more diffused among the citizen-publics who actively participate in the deliberation, and official expert advice is challenged and renegotiated in the process. What crisis does this changed scenario at the ‘deliberative turn’ in public engagement with science and technology create for the governance of technoscientific projects in India? The paper looks at how expertise is understood and employed in two technoscientific controversies — the public debate on the environmental release of Bt brinjal and the commissioning of nuclear power plants at Kudankulam, Tamil Nadu. The study contends that there are more democratic and technically and politically robust alternative modes of technoscientific decision making envisaged by social movements. Unfortunately, these alternative democratic imaginations are not taken seriously by the state-technoscience duo in India. The contrasting meanings and distribution of expertise during the public controversies in focus, the paper argues, are to be understood in relation to the political contract between the neoliberal state and technoscience, and the techniques of governmentality employed to manage different publics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-03},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Bt Brinjal, Democracy, Expertise, GMOs, India, Kudankulam, Mode 2 Knowledge, Multiple Publics, New Social Movements, People’s Movement Against Nuclear Energy (pmane), Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science and Democracy, Science and Environment, Social Movements, Transgenic Crops},\n\tpages = {1--21},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The scholarly debate on technical expertise in the context of the changing configuration of science is largely informed by the empirical contexts of the west, and a transition of the meanings and practices of expertise towards a more socially distributed and context dependent form has been identified. In the context of public controversies over technoscientific projects, it is generally argued that expertise becomes more diffused among the citizen-publics who actively participate in the deliberation, and official expert advice is challenged and renegotiated in the process. What crisis does this changed scenario at the ‘deliberative turn’ in public engagement with science and technology create for the governance of technoscientific projects in India? The paper looks at how expertise is understood and employed in two technoscientific controversies — the public debate on the environmental release of Bt brinjal and the commissioning of nuclear power plants at Kudankulam, Tamil Nadu. The study contends that there are more democratic and technically and politically robust alternative modes of technoscientific decision making envisaged by social movements. Unfortunately, these alternative democratic imaginations are not taken seriously by the state-technoscience duo in India. The contrasting meanings and distribution of expertise during the public controversies in focus, the paper argues, are to be understood in relation to the political contract between the neoliberal state and technoscience, and the techniques of governmentality employed to manage different publics.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Editorial: Police Investigation and Unethical “Scientific Interrogation”.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lokaneeta, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 8(1): 3–6. March 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{lokaneeta_editorial_2023,\n\ttitle = {Editorial: {Police} {Investigation} and {Unethical} “{Scientific} {Interrogation}”},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2023.002},\n\tabstract = {"Instead of Shraddha Walkar’s murder leading to a revisiting of the challenges of dealing with violence against women, the news cycle has been dominated by an obsession with the alleged murderer in the case, and an unprecedented focus on a combination of polygraphs, narcoanalysis and brain scanning (which is being considered)...."},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of Medical Ethics},\n\tauthor = {Lokaneeta, Jinee},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Forensic Science, India, Law and Science},\n\tpages = {3--6},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"Instead of Shraddha Walkar’s murder leading to a revisiting of the challenges of dealing with violence against women, the news cycle has been dominated by an obsession with the alleged murderer in the case, and an unprecedented focus on a combination of polygraphs, narcoanalysis and brain scanning (which is being considered)....\"\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Biometric Data's Colonial Imaginaries Continue in Aadhaar's Minimal Data.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sahoo, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BJHS Themes, 8: 205–220. January 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{sahoo_biometric_2023,\n\ttitle = {Biometric {Data}'s {Colonial} {Imaginaries} {Continue} in {Aadhaar}'s {Minimal} {Data}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {2058-850X, 2056-354X},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjhs-themes/article/biometric-datas-colonial-imaginaries-continue-in-aadhaars-minimal-data/2A70115E83C9C9D8CD440D683EF05287},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/bjt.2023.11},\n\tabstract = {This paper considers three moments in the treatment of data about race and identity in India. Many elements go into the development of data imaginaries as these change over time. A complete history is beyond the scope of this paper, but I develop three key episodes to explore critical but changing features of interrelations between race, identity and statistical arguments historically. One aim is to explore key features of the argument developed by two significant individuals – Thomas Nelson Annadale and P.C. Mahalanobis – as they sought to develop databases that could answer questions about race formation and, in the case of Mahalanobis, might also be used to develop statistical methods on the one hand and aid governance on the other hand. A second aim is to use this historically based but highly selective investigation to uncover key features of the ideology with which the government of India has presented Aadhaar, its vast biometric identification system powered by authentication technologies afforded by artificial intelligence. This enables me to identify different forms of racial or ethnic identity that could be – and in one or two cases actually have been – implicated in the way Aadhaar has been used in practice.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-02},\n\tjournal = {BJHS Themes},\n\tauthor = {Sahoo, Sananda},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Data Politics, History of Statistics, India, P.C. Mahalanobis},\n\tpages = {205--220},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper considers three moments in the treatment of data about race and identity in India. Many elements go into the development of data imaginaries as these change over time. A complete history is beyond the scope of this paper, but I develop three key episodes to explore critical but changing features of interrelations between race, identity and statistical arguments historically. One aim is to explore key features of the argument developed by two significant individuals – Thomas Nelson Annadale and P.C. Mahalanobis – as they sought to develop databases that could answer questions about race formation and, in the case of Mahalanobis, might also be used to develop statistical methods on the one hand and aid governance on the other hand. A second aim is to use this historically based but highly selective investigation to uncover key features of the ideology with which the government of India has presented Aadhaar, its vast biometric identification system powered by authentication technologies afforded by artificial intelligence. This enables me to identify different forms of racial or ethnic identity that could be – and in one or two cases actually have been – implicated in the way Aadhaar has been used in practice.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scale and Modularity in Thermal Governance: The Replication of India’s Heat Action Plans.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Khandekar, A.; Cross, J.; and Maringanti, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Urban Studies,00420980231195193. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{khandekar_scale_2023,\n\ttitle = {Scale and {Modularity} in {Thermal} {Governance}: {The} {Replication} of {India}’s {Heat} {Action} {Plans}},\n\tissn = {0042-0980, 1360-063X},\n\tshorttitle = {Scale and modularity in thermal governance},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00420980231195193},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/00420980231195193},\n\tabstract = {Since 2013, when the first urban Heat Action Plan in India was developed in and for the western city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, there are now more than 30 such plans focused on different cities, regions, and entire states in the country, many following the original template developed in Ahmedabad. This article investigates the temporal and spatial politics of such heat action planning, asking: what is the nature of thermal governance that Heat Action Plans posit? Based on our analysis, we suggest that two key attributes characterise Indian Heat Action Plans: first, they frame heat waves as disasters; second, as the Ahmedabad template has travelled to other locations, Heat Action Plans have ceased to engage with their local contexts in any meaningful way. We further argue that such a conceptualisation of Heat Action Plans has produced important obfuscations, shaping official knowledge about and responses to extreme heat in ways that are unable to grapple with the messy, uneven, and contested nature of the socio-political terrains in which they are supposed to intervene.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Urban Studies},\n\tauthor = {Khandekar, Aalok and Cross, Jamie and Maringanti, Anant},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Ahmedabad, Disaster Management, Gujarat, Heat Action Plans, Risk Governance, Thermal Governance},\n\tpages = {00420980231195193},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Since 2013, when the first urban Heat Action Plan in India was developed in and for the western city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, there are now more than 30 such plans focused on different cities, regions, and entire states in the country, many following the original template developed in Ahmedabad. This article investigates the temporal and spatial politics of such heat action planning, asking: what is the nature of thermal governance that Heat Action Plans posit? Based on our analysis, we suggest that two key attributes characterise Indian Heat Action Plans: first, they frame heat waves as disasters; second, as the Ahmedabad template has travelled to other locations, Heat Action Plans have ceased to engage with their local contexts in any meaningful way. We further argue that such a conceptualisation of Heat Action Plans has produced important obfuscations, shaping official knowledge about and responses to extreme heat in ways that are unable to grapple with the messy, uneven, and contested nature of the socio-political terrains in which they are supposed to intervene.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 13th/19th-Century Narratives and Translations of Science in the South Asian Islamicate World.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brentjes, S.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Brentjes, S., editor(s), Routledge Handbook on the Sciences in Islamicate Societies: Practices from the 2nd/8th to the 13th/19th Centuries, pages 798–807. Routledge, London & New York, 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{habib_13th19th-century_2023,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {13th/19th-{Century} {Narratives} and {Translations} of {Science} in the {South} {Asian} {Islamicate} {World}},\n\tisbn = {9781315170718},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315170718-71/13th-19th-century-narratives-translations-science-south-asian-islamicate-world-irfan-habib-dhruv-raina},\n\tabstract = {The period between 1750 and 1900 was one of major political and cultural transformation in South Asia. Politically, the Mughal Empire had gone into rapid decline, new kingdoms emerged as cultural centers at the periphery of the empire, and as the 19th century commenced, the East India Company became more entrenched in the politics of the subcontinent, preceding the formal inauguration of colonial rule. This chapter examines the processes of the production and acquisition of knowledge in the South Asian Islamicate spheres and the transformation of practices related to processes of knowledge making. The chapter elaborates on the different regional projects of cultural translation of the ‘new knowledge’ that facilitated the naturalization of the modern sciences. In so doing it departs from the diffusionist perspectives that frame this process in terms of the historiography of acceptance/rejection.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Routledge {Handbook} on the {Sciences} in {Islamicate} {Societies}: {Practices} from the 2nd/8th to the 13th/19th {Centuries}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Brentjes, Sonja},\n\tcollaborator = {Habib, S. Irfan and Raina, Dhruv},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Colonialism, Domestication of science, East India Company, Historiographies, India, Mughal, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {798--807},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The period between 1750 and 1900 was one of major political and cultural transformation in South Asia. Politically, the Mughal Empire had gone into rapid decline, new kingdoms emerged as cultural centers at the periphery of the empire, and as the 19th century commenced, the East India Company became more entrenched in the politics of the subcontinent, preceding the formal inauguration of colonial rule. This chapter examines the processes of the production and acquisition of knowledge in the South Asian Islamicate spheres and the transformation of practices related to processes of knowledge making. The chapter elaborates on the different regional projects of cultural translation of the ‘new knowledge’ that facilitated the naturalization of the modern sciences. In so doing it departs from the diffusionist perspectives that frame this process in terms of the historiography of acceptance/rejection.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n 'Culture' of Science and the Making of Modern India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Primus Books, Delhi, 2023.\n Google-Books-ID: u4igzwEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kumar_culture_2023,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {'{Culture}' of {Science} and the {Making} of {Modern} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9789355724090},\n\tabstract = {This book investigates the interface of science and society especially in the context of the colonisation of India. It begins with discussing the strengths and weaknesses of inheritance of scientific traditions, and gradually moves to exploring the changes brought about by colonisation before going on to analyse the way society grappled with these changes. Divided into four parts and based on extensive use of primary data, 'Culture' of Science and the Making of Modern India takes into account the contestations, adaptations, compromises and hybridity without ignoring the overarching framework of colonialism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Primus Books},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: u4igzwEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History / Asia / South / India, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book investigates the interface of science and society especially in the context of the colonisation of India. It begins with discussing the strengths and weaknesses of inheritance of scientific traditions, and gradually moves to exploring the changes brought about by colonisation before going on to analyse the way society grappled with these changes. Divided into four parts and based on extensive use of primary data, 'Culture' of Science and the Making of Modern India takes into account the contestations, adaptations, compromises and hybridity without ignoring the overarching framework of colonialism.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Iatrochemical and Alchemical Knowledge in Medieval India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Basu, P. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n AsiaChem Magazine, 3(1): 172–181. March 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{basu_iatrochemical_2023,\n\ttitle = {Iatrochemical and {Alchemical} {Knowledge} in {Medieval} {India}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\turl = {https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.51167/acm00052},\n\tdoi = {10.51167/acm00052},\n\tabstract = {In this essay, I describe very briefly, the pursuit of chemical knowledge in India until the period of the early eighteenth century. The attempt is not to discuss in any exhaustive way various strands of chemical practices from the antiquity till the late seventeenth century but to offer a glimpse of a variety of chemical endeavours, in different geographical locations of India, visualized from iatrochemical, alchemical and chemical industry perspectives. The first two perspectives also seem to suggest a strong theoretical backdrop of the relevant practices. However, it historically remains an open question how the theory and the practices informed each other if at all it actually happened. The motivation for organizing this essay in the way I have arises from two distinct ideas. The first is to revisit the historiographic insights that late Professor Prafulla Chandra Ray brought to bear in writing a remarkable two volumebook titled A History of Hindu Chemistry. I will explain that in a bit more detail below. Second, in engaging with the primarily textual accounts of chemical practices in Ancient and Medieveal India, I stay true to the view that Chemistry is both a science (a body of knowledge about some aspects of nature or the material world) and an art, a set of practices which have a bearing on the kind of knowledge these practices produce including making new materials with interesting functions and properties. Indeed there has been a great deal of interest to review our understanding of Chemistry given that Chemistry is involved in making new materials and molecules. This synthetic and preparative aspect of chemistry (see e.g., Schummer (1997), opens up new historiographical directions to write history of chemistry.I will have a bit more to say about what historiographical repercussion this view has and how I employ it below.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-15},\n\tjournal = {AsiaChem Magazine},\n\tauthor = {Basu, Prajit K.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Alchemy, Ancient India, Chemistry, Early modern, Geography, PC Ray, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {172--181},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this essay, I describe very briefly, the pursuit of chemical knowledge in India until the period of the early eighteenth century. The attempt is not to discuss in any exhaustive way various strands of chemical practices from the antiquity till the late seventeenth century but to offer a glimpse of a variety of chemical endeavours, in different geographical locations of India, visualized from iatrochemical, alchemical and chemical industry perspectives. The first two perspectives also seem to suggest a strong theoretical backdrop of the relevant practices. However, it historically remains an open question how the theory and the practices informed each other if at all it actually happened. The motivation for organizing this essay in the way I have arises from two distinct ideas. The first is to revisit the historiographic insights that late Professor Prafulla Chandra Ray brought to bear in writing a remarkable two volumebook titled A History of Hindu Chemistry. I will explain that in a bit more detail below. Second, in engaging with the primarily textual accounts of chemical practices in Ancient and Medieveal India, I stay true to the view that Chemistry is both a science (a body of knowledge about some aspects of nature or the material world) and an art, a set of practices which have a bearing on the kind of knowledge these practices produce including making new materials with interesting functions and properties. Indeed there has been a great deal of interest to review our understanding of Chemistry given that Chemistry is involved in making new materials and molecules. This synthetic and preparative aspect of chemistry (see e.g., Schummer (1997), opens up new historiographical directions to write history of chemistry.I will have a bit more to say about what historiographical repercussion this view has and how I employ it below.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n New Diseases, Newer Categories: Ayurveda’s Engagement with Epidemics in Travancore.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cleetus, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in History, 39(1): 71–84. February 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{cleetus_new_2023,\n\ttitle = {New {Diseases}, {Newer} {Categories}: {Ayurveda}’s {Engagement} with {Epidemics} in {Travancore}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tissn = {0257-6430, 0973-080X},\n\tshorttitle = {New {Diseases}, {Newer} {Categories}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02576430231183508},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/02576430231183508},\n\tabstract = {The advent of Western modernity in India, as a by-product of British colonialism, brought about considerable strain within Indian medical traditions. Indigenous medical traditions which were operating within the broad humoral theory of disease causation came to be subjected to the logic of biomedicine. By the late nineteenth century, as the British in India consolidated their state systems and the princely states modelled their administrative structures in accordance with the British state, there was an increased acceptance of biomedical standards against indigenous medical norms. This was further accentuated by the fear of epidemics, which suggested that diseases spread from person to person and could affect large geographic areas bringing death and suffering in its wake. Disease control and management had, therefore, become a major concern for both the state systems in the British presidencies and in the princely states. The prevalence of contagious diseases offered a challenge to reorganize the public health systems of the states, yet they also provided an opportunity to legitimize state sovereignty over the bodies of its subjects. Diseases that were previously seen as localized and situated within culturally specific locales were now increasingly subjected to the governing mechanisms of the state. This paper examines how the medical bureaucratization of Travancore, in the south-western part of the Indian subcontinent, affected local healthcare traditions in the face of expanding fear of epidemics, ultimately led to the reshaping of indigenous medical systems.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tjournal = {Studies in History},\n\tauthor = {Cleetus, Burton},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Disease, Colonial Medicine, Epidemics, Kerala, Modernity, Modernization of Ayurveda, Princely States in India, Social History of Medicine, Travancore},\n\tpages = {71--84},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n The advent of Western modernity in India, as a by-product of British colonialism, brought about considerable strain within Indian medical traditions. Indigenous medical traditions which were operating within the broad humoral theory of disease causation came to be subjected to the logic of biomedicine. By the late nineteenth century, as the British in India consolidated their state systems and the princely states modelled their administrative structures in accordance with the British state, there was an increased acceptance of biomedical standards against indigenous medical norms. This was further accentuated by the fear of epidemics, which suggested that diseases spread from person to person and could affect large geographic areas bringing death and suffering in its wake. Disease control and management had, therefore, become a major concern for both the state systems in the British presidencies and in the princely states. The prevalence of contagious diseases offered a challenge to reorganize the public health systems of the states, yet they also provided an opportunity to legitimize state sovereignty over the bodies of its subjects. Diseases that were previously seen as localized and situated within culturally specific locales were now increasingly subjected to the governing mechanisms of the state. This paper examines how the medical bureaucratization of Travancore, in the south-western part of the Indian subcontinent, affected local healthcare traditions in the face of expanding fear of epidemics, ultimately led to the reshaping of indigenous medical systems.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reflections on Social Movements of Science in Contemporary India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; and Omprasad\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Marxism and Sciences, 2(2): 29–42. November 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_reflections_2023,\n\ttitle = {Reflections on {Social} {Movements} of {Science} in {Contemporary} {India}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {2822-2849},\n\turl = {https://marxismandsciences.org/reflections-on-social-movements-of-science-in-contemporary-india/},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.56063/MS.2310.02203},\n\tabstract = {Social movements of science in India have had an important role to play in the democratisation of science for more than half a century. The participants in these movements have different understandings of the social relations of science, ideological agendas, and the social origins of the participants in these movements are quite diverse as are their educational backgrounds. The relationship of these movements with the state funded science and technology research system has been marked by ambivalence, now by antagonism and at other times as a resource to be cherished and defended. But the challenges facing them today are of a different order. The ascent of authoritarian regimes globally, as well as in the Indian political sphere pose a threat to the institutions of learning and knowledge production and dissemination. Beyond research institutes and universities facing up to the threat of political intervention and budgetary cuts, the academy that ensconces the three cultures of the sciences, social sciences and the humanities, is a divided house today. While there have been popular movements and democratic struggles led by students and farmers, in a post-truth world defence of the values and ethos of science and the world of knowledge as an open community of scholars oriented towards the production of robust knowledge needs to be defended again. This paper will address some issues presently faced by social movements of science encountering a populist and authoritarian regime. The paper argues why it is important to defend a socially robust theory of knowledge making and one of the arenas for disseminating this conception of knowledge relate to the specific struggles of the social movement of science today.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tjournal = {Marxism and Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and Omprasad},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Intellectual History, Marxism \\& Science, Popular Science, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Radical Science Movements, Science \\& Culture, Science and Democracy, Social History of Science, Social Movements},\n\tpages = {29--42},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Social movements of science in India have had an important role to play in the democratisation of science for more than half a century. The participants in these movements have different understandings of the social relations of science, ideological agendas, and the social origins of the participants in these movements are quite diverse as are their educational backgrounds. The relationship of these movements with the state funded science and technology research system has been marked by ambivalence, now by antagonism and at other times as a resource to be cherished and defended. But the challenges facing them today are of a different order. The ascent of authoritarian regimes globally, as well as in the Indian political sphere pose a threat to the institutions of learning and knowledge production and dissemination. Beyond research institutes and universities facing up to the threat of political intervention and budgetary cuts, the academy that ensconces the three cultures of the sciences, social sciences and the humanities, is a divided house today. While there have been popular movements and democratic struggles led by students and farmers, in a post-truth world defence of the values and ethos of science and the world of knowledge as an open community of scholars oriented towards the production of robust knowledge needs to be defended again. This paper will address some issues presently faced by social movements of science encountering a populist and authoritarian regime. The paper argues why it is important to defend a socially robust theory of knowledge making and one of the arenas for disseminating this conception of knowledge relate to the specific struggles of the social movement of science today.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From ‘State’ Science to ‘Peoples’ Science: Science Movements in Post-Colonial India (1947-1980).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Physis: International Journal of the History of Science, 58(2): 291–312. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_state_2023,\n\ttitle = {From ‘{State}’ {Science} to ‘{Peoples}’ {Science}: {Science}\nMovements in {Post}-{Colonial} {India} (1947-1980)},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {0031-9414},\n\turl = {https://en.olschki.it/libro/R06202302/toc/9890},\n\tdoi = {10.1400/294940},\n\tabstract = {The Association of Scientific Workers of India (ASWI) was established in 1947, by Indian scientists known to leftist scientists like John D. Bernal and Frédéric\nJoliot Curie. Rather than being looked upon as a Soviet front, the ASWI was very closely tied to the state in post-colonial India. Members of the ASWI as they became part of the science-policy establishment brought in ideas that were distinctly associated with leftist imaginations of science. However, a change in the landscape of science movements occurred\nin the 1970s when a crisis of legitimacy of science surfaced in India. This was rooted in questioning the role of science and technology in development and put a big question mark over the approach adopted about science in India. One response to this crisis was the\n‘Peoples Science’ movement. This was different from the radical science movements that emerged in the ‘West’ in the 1960s. Not all of them shared radical imaginations of science but they differed from the ASWI. While the members of the ASWI were predominantly based in the industrial research laboratories, the scientists associated with the people’s science movement came from a variety of disciplines including nuclear physics, engineering sciences, and science education pointing to a widening of the base of science movements in India. In my paper, I will chart out the trajectory of India’s science movements from\nthe ASWI to the peoples’ science movement. I will argue that the shift in their nature must be understood in the changing contexts surrounding the relationship between science and development. I will conclude the paper by arguing that there is a need to rethink some of the historiographic assumptions about science movements to understand their features in the ‘non-West.’},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Physis: International Journal of the History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Om},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Domestication of science, India, Intellectual History, Marxism \\& Science, Post colonial Science, Radical Science Movements, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {291--312},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Association of Scientific Workers of India (ASWI) was established in 1947, by Indian scientists known to leftist scientists like John D. Bernal and Frédéric Joliot Curie. Rather than being looked upon as a Soviet front, the ASWI was very closely tied to the state in post-colonial India. Members of the ASWI as they became part of the science-policy establishment brought in ideas that were distinctly associated with leftist imaginations of science. However, a change in the landscape of science movements occurred in the 1970s when a crisis of legitimacy of science surfaced in India. This was rooted in questioning the role of science and technology in development and put a big question mark over the approach adopted about science in India. One response to this crisis was the ‘Peoples Science’ movement. This was different from the radical science movements that emerged in the ‘West’ in the 1960s. Not all of them shared radical imaginations of science but they differed from the ASWI. While the members of the ASWI were predominantly based in the industrial research laboratories, the scientists associated with the people’s science movement came from a variety of disciplines including nuclear physics, engineering sciences, and science education pointing to a widening of the base of science movements in India. In my paper, I will chart out the trajectory of India’s science movements from the ASWI to the peoples’ science movement. I will argue that the shift in their nature must be understood in the changing contexts surrounding the relationship between science and development. I will conclude the paper by arguing that there is a need to rethink some of the historiographic assumptions about science movements to understand their features in the ‘non-West.’\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science Fiction and Indian Women Writers: Exploring Radical Potentials.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuhad, U.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kuhad_science_2023,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Science {Fiction} and {Indian} {Women} {Writers}: {Exploring} {Radical} {Potentials}},\n\tisbn = {9780367527761},\n\tshorttitle = {Science {Fiction} and {Indian} {Women} {Writers}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Science-Fiction-and-Indian-Women-Writers-Exploring-Radical-Potentials/Kuhad/p/book/9780367527761},\n\tabstract = {Science fiction, as a literature of fantasy, goes beyond the mundane to ask the question: what if the world were different from the way it is? It often challenges the real, builds on imagination, places no limits on human capacities, and encourages readers to think outside their social and cultural conditioning.\n\nThis book presents a systematic study of Indian women’s science fiction. It offers a critical analysis of the works of four female Indian writers of science fiction: Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, Manjula Padmanabhan, Priya Sarukkai Chabria and Vandana Singh. The author considers not only the evolution of science fiction writing in India, but also discusses the use of innovations and unique themes including science fiction in different Indian languages; the literary, political, and educational activism of the women writers; and eco-feminism and the idea of cloning in writing, to argue that this genre could be viewed as a vibrant representation of freedom of expression and radical literature.\n\nThis ground-breaking volume will be useful for scholars and researchers of English literature. It will also prove a very useful source for further studies into Indian literature, science and technology studies, women’s and gender studies, comparative literature and cultural studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-08},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Kuhad, Urvashi},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Cultural Studies of S\\&T, Gender \\& Science, India, Science Fiction, Women in science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Science fiction, as a literature of fantasy, goes beyond the mundane to ask the question: what if the world were different from the way it is? It often challenges the real, builds on imagination, places no limits on human capacities, and encourages readers to think outside their social and cultural conditioning. This book presents a systematic study of Indian women’s science fiction. It offers a critical analysis of the works of four female Indian writers of science fiction: Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, Manjula Padmanabhan, Priya Sarukkai Chabria and Vandana Singh. The author considers not only the evolution of science fiction writing in India, but also discusses the use of innovations and unique themes including science fiction in different Indian languages; the literary, political, and educational activism of the women writers; and eco-feminism and the idea of cloning in writing, to argue that this genre could be viewed as a vibrant representation of freedom of expression and radical literature. This ground-breaking volume will be useful for scholars and researchers of English literature. It will also prove a very useful source for further studies into Indian literature, science and technology studies, women’s and gender studies, comparative literature and cultural studies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Feminist Futures of Work: Reimagining Labour in the Digital Economy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arora, P.; Raman, U.; and König, R.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Amsterdam University Press, 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{arora_feminist_2023,\n\ttitle = {Feminist {Futures} of {Work}: {Reimagining} {Labour} in the {Digital} {Economy}},\n\tshorttitle = {Feminist {Futures} of {Work}},\n\turl = {https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/62538},\n\tabstract = {The future of work is at the centre of debates related to the emerging digital society. Concerns range from the inclusion, equity, and dignity of those at the far end of the value chain, who participate on and off platforms, often in the shadows, invisible to policymakers, designers, and consumers. Precarity and informality characterize this largely female workforce, across sectors ranging from artisanal work to salon services to ride hailing and construction. A feminist reimagining of the futures of work—what we term as “FemWork” —is the need of the day and should manifest in multiple and various forms, placing the worker at the core and drawing on her experiences, aspirations, and realities. This volume offers grounded insights from academic, activist, legal, development and design perspectives that can help us think through these inclusive futures and possibly create digital, social, and governance infrastructures of work that are fairer and more meaningful.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tpublisher = {Amsterdam University Press},\n\teditor = {Arora, Payal and Raman, Usha and König, René},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tdoi = {10.5117/9789463728386},\n\tkeywords = {Feminism, Future of Work, Global South, Informal Labour},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n The future of work is at the centre of debates related to the emerging digital society. Concerns range from the inclusion, equity, and dignity of those at the far end of the value chain, who participate on and off platforms, often in the shadows, invisible to policymakers, designers, and consumers. Precarity and informality characterize this largely female workforce, across sectors ranging from artisanal work to salon services to ride hailing and construction. A feminist reimagining of the futures of work—what we term as “FemWork” —is the need of the day and should manifest in multiple and various forms, placing the worker at the core and drawing on her experiences, aspirations, and realities. This volume offers grounded insights from academic, activist, legal, development and design perspectives that can help us think through these inclusive futures and possibly create digital, social, and governance infrastructures of work that are fairer and more meaningful.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Indian Medicinal Plants in the Shifting Terrains of Science: Botanical and Medical Literature of Nineteenth-century Bengal.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dasgupta, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Primus Books, 2023.\n Google-Books-ID: 3Agn0AEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{dasgupta_indian_2023,\n\ttitle = {Indian {Medicinal} {Plants} in the {Shifting} {Terrains} of {Science}: {Botanical} and {Medical} {Literature} of {Nineteenth}-century {Bengal}},\n\tisbn = {9789356878389},\n\tshorttitle = {Indian {Medicinal} {Plants} in the {Shifting} {Terrains} of {Science}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Primus Books},\n\tauthor = {Dasgupta, Nupur},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3Agn0AEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Botany, India, history of science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Medicine and Integration of Frontier Tribes: The British and After in Arunachal Pradesh.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dabi, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Primus Books, 2023.\n Google-Books-ID: VHWxzwEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{dabi_medicine_2023,\n\ttitle = {Medicine and {Integration} of {Frontier} {Tribes}: {The} {British} and {After} in {Arunachal} {Pradesh}},\n\tisbn = {9789356870444},\n\tshorttitle = {Medicine and {Integration} of {Frontier} {Tribes}},\n\tabstract = {Medicine and Integration of Frontier Tribes: The British and After in Arunachal Pradesh traces the use of medicine as an instrument of diplomacy in British frontier policy and as a medium of integration in the post-Independence era in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. A new domain of knowledge within the sphere of British-tribal studies is presented here for the first time: the peculiar absence of medical missions; the 'political' role of doctors; the European-Indian divide over patronage to the tribes; and the post-Independence government policy on the integration of tribes and the development of modern healthcare infrastructure. Aside from a summary of indigenous healing traditions, the volume also explores the origins of colonial epidemiology and dispensaries in the Brahmaputra valley during the nineteenth century through the necessities of the tea economy, a theme about around which limited literature is available.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Primus Books},\n\tauthor = {Dabi, Tajen},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: VHWxzwEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History / Asia / South / India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Medicine and Integration of Frontier Tribes: The British and After in Arunachal Pradesh traces the use of medicine as an instrument of diplomacy in British frontier policy and as a medium of integration in the post-Independence era in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. A new domain of knowledge within the sphere of British-tribal studies is presented here for the first time: the peculiar absence of medical missions; the 'political' role of doctors; the European-Indian divide over patronage to the tribes; and the post-Independence government policy on the integration of tribes and the development of modern healthcare infrastructure. Aside from a summary of indigenous healing traditions, the volume also explores the origins of colonial epidemiology and dispensaries in the Brahmaputra valley during the nineteenth century through the necessities of the tea economy, a theme about around which limited literature is available.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Public Participation and Citizen Science in India: Roads Not Taken.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, C. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 5: 1–18. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_public_2023,\n\ttitle = {Public {Participation} and {Citizen} {Science} in {India}: {Roads} {Not} {Taken}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {Public {Participation} and {Citizen} {Science} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/58},\n\tabstract = {Science policy in India has historically been the domain of experts with little consultation and peoples’ participation. While the new Indian Science, Technology and Innovation Policy offers promise with themes for equity and inclusion, there is a need to fundamentally rethink the contract between science and society and the role of public participation in science in India. People’s Science Movements in India have pointed to many such possibilities in the past but often views outside the formal scientific establishment receive little attention. Insights from a citizen’s manifesto and ongoing debates on citizen science in India show how the relations of science and democracy can be reworked that has implications for India’s science policy. These experiments represent possible roads not taken and highlight the need for greater plurality in alternate futures globally. The critical knowledge dimension of inclusion needs to also be more open to dissenting scientists who have pro-actively engaged with society to shape an alternate science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, C. Shambu},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {1--18},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science policy in India has historically been the domain of experts with little consultation and peoples’ participation. While the new Indian Science, Technology and Innovation Policy offers promise with themes for equity and inclusion, there is a need to fundamentally rethink the contract between science and society and the role of public participation in science in India. People’s Science Movements in India have pointed to many such possibilities in the past but often views outside the formal scientific establishment receive little attention. Insights from a citizen’s manifesto and ongoing debates on citizen science in India show how the relations of science and democracy can be reworked that has implications for India’s science policy. These experiments represent possible roads not taken and highlight the need for greater plurality in alternate futures globally. The critical knowledge dimension of inclusion needs to also be more open to dissenting scientists who have pro-actively engaged with society to shape an alternate science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Book Review of Pankaj Sekhsaria’s ‘instrumental Lives: An Intimate Biography of an Indian Laboratory’.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhojvaid, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society,1–11. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bhojvaid_book_2023,\n\ttitle = {Book {Review} of {Pankaj} {Sekhsaria}’s ‘instrumental {Lives}: {An} {Intimate} {Biography} of an {Indian} {Laboratory}’},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {Book {Review} of {Pankaj} {Sekhsaria}’s ‘instrumental {Lives}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/43},\n\tabstract = {No Abstract},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Bhojvaid, Vasundhara},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Pankaj Sekhsaria},\n\tpages = {1--11},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n No Abstract\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Judicial Cartography in Public Interest Litigation in India: Re-reading the Kudankulam Case.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chowdhury, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 3: 1–24. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chowdhury_judicial_2023,\n\ttitle = {Judicial {Cartography} in {Public} {Interest} {Litigation} in {India}: {Re}-reading the {Kudankulam} {Case}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {Judicial {Cartography} in {Public} {Interest} {Litigation} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/40},\n\tabstract = {India has witnessed strong and sustained civil society resistance movements against nuclear power plants in the recent past. The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant was both a site of such a movement and was also one of the few where the legal challenge was also launched. How should we understand this legal challenge and the judgments of the Madras High Court and then the Supreme Court? This question is explored through the theoretical lens of judicial cartography. Judicial cartography allows us to appreciate the critical role of the Court in deploying its formidable discretion in public interest cases, to legitimate State action and delegitimize citizen demands the development and deployment of nuclear technology. Judicial cartography draws attention to the choices exercised by the Court in the selection of material facts, identification of legal issues, consideration of epistemic resources and in the determination of equitable outcomes. Such judicial choices reduce the space for public deliberation and citizen’s engagement in policy and deeply undermine democracy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Chowdhury, Nupur},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental Policy, India, Kudankulam, Law and Science, Nuclear energy, People’s Movement Against Nuclear Energy (pmane), Public Interest Litigation (PIL)},\n\tpages = {1--24},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n India has witnessed strong and sustained civil society resistance movements against nuclear power plants in the recent past. The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant was both a site of such a movement and was also one of the few where the legal challenge was also launched. How should we understand this legal challenge and the judgments of the Madras High Court and then the Supreme Court? This question is explored through the theoretical lens of judicial cartography. Judicial cartography allows us to appreciate the critical role of the Court in deploying its formidable discretion in public interest cases, to legitimate State action and delegitimize citizen demands the development and deployment of nuclear technology. Judicial cartography draws attention to the choices exercised by the Court in the selection of material facts, identification of legal issues, consideration of epistemic resources and in the determination of equitable outcomes. Such judicial choices reduce the space for public deliberation and citizen’s engagement in policy and deeply undermine democracy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sustainability Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management Programme in GMADA Cluster, Punjab.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 4: 1–14. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharma_sustainability_2023,\n\ttitle = {Sustainability {Analysis} of {Municipal} {Solid} {Waste} {Management} {Programme} in {GMADA} {Cluster}, {Punjab}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/45},\n\tabstract = {Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the important components of Swachh Bharat Mission, a campaign taken up by the Government of India with an aim to clean up the streets of Indian cities/ towns and make them free from open defecation. This paper analyses the action plans taken up by the government of Punjab in response to the new SWM Rules, 2016, for developing waste processing facilities. The focus is particularly on Mohali as it is emerging as an educational hub, and accordingly, the government is coming up with a plan to develop a centralized waste processing facility to generate Refuse derived Fuel (RDF). Through this study, we try to highlight that the current chosen technology - RDF may not sustain as a large fraction of the wastes generated in Mohali is wet organics (62\\%), while the dry combustible fraction required for RDF is only 17\\%. Further, it has been observed that Mohali plans to connect 15 urban local bodies (ULBs) to a single processing site and a few of them are far ({\\textasciitilde}70 km) and generate low daily wastes (5-7 TPD). Thus, looking at the obvious difficulties, the current study concludes that the SWM plan needs a revision with more focus on anaerobic digestion (AD) or composting as they are the appropriate technology for handing wet organic wastes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Monikankana},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Composting, Mohali, Municipal Solid Waste, Punjab, Refuse Derived Fuel, Solid Waste Management},\n\tpages = {1--14},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the important components of Swachh Bharat Mission, a campaign taken up by the Government of India with an aim to clean up the streets of Indian cities/ towns and make them free from open defecation. This paper analyses the action plans taken up by the government of Punjab in response to the new SWM Rules, 2016, for developing waste processing facilities. The focus is particularly on Mohali as it is emerging as an educational hub, and accordingly, the government is coming up with a plan to develop a centralized waste processing facility to generate Refuse derived Fuel (RDF). Through this study, we try to highlight that the current chosen technology - RDF may not sustain as a large fraction of the wastes generated in Mohali is wet organics (62%), while the dry combustible fraction required for RDF is only 17%. Further, it has been observed that Mohali plans to connect 15 urban local bodies (ULBs) to a single processing site and a few of them are far (~70 km) and generate low daily wastes (5-7 TPD). Thus, looking at the obvious difficulties, the current study concludes that the SWM plan needs a revision with more focus on anaerobic digestion (AD) or composting as they are the appropriate technology for handing wet organic wastes.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Citizen Science in India: Introduction, Challenges and Way Forward.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Namdeo, S. K.; and Koley, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 4: 1–15. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{namdeo_citizen_2023,\n\ttitle = {Citizen {Science} in {India}: {Introduction}, {Challenges} and {Way} {Forward}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {Citizen {Science} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/28},\n\tabstract = {According to the Oxford dictionary, the term ‘citizen science’ is defined as, ‘‘scientific work undertaken by the members of the general public, often in collaboration with or under the direction of professional scientists and scientific institutions" ’ Citizen science is usually described as voluntary engagements of the public, who involve themselves in the scientific projects of various disciplines, including natural history, astronomy, biodiversity, etc., out of their personal scientific interests. Even though the underlying concept of citizen science is quite old, the term 'citizen science' is fairly modern - the first known modern citizen science project was accomplished and published in 1994 by Alan Irwin [ Irwin, et al. 1994]. Due to the effectiveness such projects in gathering large scale data, citizen science projects have gained enormous traction in the last two decades, with hundreds of citizen science projects currently being operational worldwide in fields as diverse as astronomy, ornithology, meteorology, oceanography, agricultural science, biodiversity and quantum computing. This article explores the advantages, challenges and requirements of citizen science projects, followed by a proposed framework for the institutionalization of citizen science in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Namdeo, Suryesh Kumar and Koley, Moumita},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Citizen science, India},\n\tpages = {1--15},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n According to the Oxford dictionary, the term ‘citizen science’ is defined as, ‘‘scientific work undertaken by the members of the general public, often in collaboration with or under the direction of professional scientists and scientific institutions\" ’ Citizen science is usually described as voluntary engagements of the public, who involve themselves in the scientific projects of various disciplines, including natural history, astronomy, biodiversity, etc., out of their personal scientific interests. Even though the underlying concept of citizen science is quite old, the term 'citizen science' is fairly modern - the first known modern citizen science project was accomplished and published in 1994 by Alan Irwin [ Irwin, et al. 1994]. Due to the effectiveness such projects in gathering large scale data, citizen science projects have gained enormous traction in the last two decades, with hundreds of citizen science projects currently being operational worldwide in fields as diverse as astronomy, ornithology, meteorology, oceanography, agricultural science, biodiversity and quantum computing. This article explores the advantages, challenges and requirements of citizen science projects, followed by a proposed framework for the institutionalization of citizen science in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Challenges for India in Agriculture and the Pivotal Role of R&D In Meeting These.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pental, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society,1–44. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{pental_challenges_2023,\n\ttitle = {Challenges for {India} in {Agriculture} and the {Pivotal} {Role} of {R}\\&{D} {In} {Meeting} {These}},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/26},\n\tabstract = {Agriculture globally must meet the challenge of feeding a growing population while minimizing its environmental impacts. For India, there is an additional challenge of making farming profitable for small landholders. I assess the possibility of achieving low-input, high-output agriculture for India; low-input both in terms of natural resources and monetary inputs. Input, output analysis shows that bringing about low-input, high-output agriculture would require curbing the over-exploitation of groundwater resources, soil analysis-based use of fertilizers, conservation agriculture, crop diversification, and doubling of the crop and livestock productivity. Crops need to be protected from pests and pathogens, and abiotic stresses; this will require significantly increased investments in public-funded R\\&D. Research competency will have to be improved for an effective blending of conventional breeding with the New Plant Breeding Technologies – Marker Assisted Breeding, Genetic Engineering, and Gene Editing. Open-source R\\&D, collaborations within India and beyond the country with CG institutes and advanced laboratories will improve competency, allow bundling of desirable traits in locally adapted varieties/ hybrids, keep the cost of seed low for the small landholders in South Asia and Africa, and overall help in achieving the United Nations SDG 2 of ‘Zero Hunger’.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Pental, Deepak},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Conservation Agriculture, Crop Yields, Genetic Engineering, Groundwater Over-exploitation, Low-input, Plant Breeding},\n\tpages = {1--44},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Agriculture globally must meet the challenge of feeding a growing population while minimizing its environmental impacts. For India, there is an additional challenge of making farming profitable for small landholders. I assess the possibility of achieving low-input, high-output agriculture for India; low-input both in terms of natural resources and monetary inputs. Input, output analysis shows that bringing about low-input, high-output agriculture would require curbing the over-exploitation of groundwater resources, soil analysis-based use of fertilizers, conservation agriculture, crop diversification, and doubling of the crop and livestock productivity. Crops need to be protected from pests and pathogens, and abiotic stresses; this will require significantly increased investments in public-funded R&D. Research competency will have to be improved for an effective blending of conventional breeding with the New Plant Breeding Technologies – Marker Assisted Breeding, Genetic Engineering, and Gene Editing. Open-source R&D, collaborations within India and beyond the country with CG institutes and advanced laboratories will improve competency, allow bundling of desirable traits in locally adapted varieties/ hybrids, keep the cost of seed low for the small landholders in South Asia and Africa, and overall help in achieving the United Nations SDG 2 of ‘Zero Hunger’.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Beyond Nationality: Opportunities for Trans-boundary Wildlife Conservation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahar, N.; Mungi, N. A.; and Lahiri, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 4: 1–10. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mahar_beyond_2023,\n\ttitle = {Beyond {Nationality}: {Opportunities} for {Trans}-boundary {Wildlife} {Conservation}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {Beyond {Nationality}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/25},\n\tabstract = {Political borders do not apply to wildlife. The innate tendency to move across long distances in search of resources and mate are common among the smallest of insects to the largest of mammals. Umpteen species of wild fauna are known to take up great travels throughout the year, spanning several thousands of kilometres, across various countries; even before many countries were invented. One of the classic examples includes the Arctic Tern, which is known to travel across the south and the north poles, covering more than 80,000 km annually ( ). It is hence, naïve and ironic to exclaim the ownership of any species to any political unit.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Mahar, Neeraj and Mungi, Ninad Avinash and Lahiri, Sutirtha},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Animal Studies, Conservation},\n\tpages = {1--10},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Political borders do not apply to wildlife. The innate tendency to move across long distances in search of resources and mate are common among the smallest of insects to the largest of mammals. Umpteen species of wild fauna are known to take up great travels throughout the year, spanning several thousands of kilometres, across various countries; even before many countries were invented. One of the classic examples includes the Arctic Tern, which is known to travel across the south and the north poles, covering more than 80,000 km annually ( ). It is hence, naïve and ironic to exclaim the ownership of any species to any political unit.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Peopling Technoscience: Locating the Sciences and Publics of Air Pollution in Delhi.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Negi, R.; and Srigyan, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 5: 1–22. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{negi_peopling_2023,\n\ttitle = {Peopling {Technoscience}: {Locating} the {Sciences} and {Publics} of {Air} {Pollution} in {Delhi}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {Peopling {Technoscience}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/57},\n\tabstract = {Delhi’s toxic air, especially in the last decade, has invited a technoscientific scramble to understand, interpret, and provide fixes. The process takes place at a particular historical conjuncture marked by heightened scientism, the dominance of the market, and the splintering of scientific knowledge and practices. Technoscientific interest in air is then varied, and produces competing perspectives and policy interventions, further complicated by the state’s persistent denialism on the one hand, and a push towards a national scientific project on the other. Yet, the issue is framed in a manner that papers over tensions and sutures within the technosciences, and privileges analysis and action that are abstracted from the lived experiences of the urban majority. In this article, we trace the emergence of the technosciences of air in Delhi and locate ‘the people’ in it, before moving to a more localised and situated understanding of air to argue that residents know air pollution in ways that differ from the technosciences, but are critical to appreciate and engage with, if alliances and effective actions are to be forged. We point towards greater emphasis on health to bring together technoscientific and popular praxis around air pollution.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Negi, Rohit and Srigyan, Prerna},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Air Pollution, Delhi, Technoscience, Urban Political Ecology},\n\tpages = {1--22},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Delhi’s toxic air, especially in the last decade, has invited a technoscientific scramble to understand, interpret, and provide fixes. The process takes place at a particular historical conjuncture marked by heightened scientism, the dominance of the market, and the splintering of scientific knowledge and practices. Technoscientific interest in air is then varied, and produces competing perspectives and policy interventions, further complicated by the state’s persistent denialism on the one hand, and a push towards a national scientific project on the other. Yet, the issue is framed in a manner that papers over tensions and sutures within the technosciences, and privileges analysis and action that are abstracted from the lived experiences of the urban majority. In this article, we trace the emergence of the technosciences of air in Delhi and locate ‘the people’ in it, before moving to a more localised and situated understanding of air to argue that residents know air pollution in ways that differ from the technosciences, but are critical to appreciate and engage with, if alliances and effective actions are to be forged. We point towards greater emphasis on health to bring together technoscientific and popular praxis around air pollution.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Building a Bus: Technoscience and The Emerging Mode of Organising Interventions in Indian Cities.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gopakumar, G.; and Joseph, Y.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 5: 1–22. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gopakumar_building_2023,\n\ttitle = {Building a {Bus}: {Technoscience} and {The} {Emerging} {Mode} of {Organising} {Interventions} in {Indian} {Cities}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {Building a {Bus}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/52},\n\tabstract = {Despite the growing economic footprint of cities, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to understanding the relation between technoscience and cities. The field of urban technoscience seeks to develop a body of knowledge to plan and design vital urban metabolic flows including water, waste, sanitation, movement, and energy. Underlying this field is the urgency to intervene in cities to solve urban problems in a scientific fashion through the development of infrastructure plans and designs. As vital sites for India’s current political economy, cities are now witness to systematic attempts to alter the technoscientific base of cities in the country. How is this shift happening in India? Drawing upon research in Science and Technology Studies (STS), history of urban planning, and allied social science fields, this paper characterizes the shift as BUS – Big Urban Science and Engineering. The paper provides an analysis of BUS and concludes with some implications of BUS for urban change in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Gopakumar, Govind and Joseph, Yogi},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {1--22},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Despite the growing economic footprint of cities, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to understanding the relation between technoscience and cities. The field of urban technoscience seeks to develop a body of knowledge to plan and design vital urban metabolic flows including water, waste, sanitation, movement, and energy. Underlying this field is the urgency to intervene in cities to solve urban problems in a scientific fashion through the development of infrastructure plans and designs. As vital sites for India’s current political economy, cities are now witness to systematic attempts to alter the technoscientific base of cities in the country. How is this shift happening in India? Drawing upon research in Science and Technology Studies (STS), history of urban planning, and allied social science fields, this paper characterizes the shift as BUS – Big Urban Science and Engineering. The paper provides an analysis of BUS and concludes with some implications of BUS for urban change in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n People’s Science Movement and the Missing People: Save Silent Valley Movement and the Scientisation of Environmental Debates in Kerala.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kallyani, R.; and Narayanan, N. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 6: 1–17. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kallyani_peoples_2023,\n\ttitle = {People’s {Science} {Movement} and the {Missing} {People}: {Save} {Silent} {Valley} {Movement} and the {Scientisation} of {Environmental} {Debates} in {Kerala}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {People’s {Science} {Movement} and the {Missing} {People}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/74},\n\tdoi = {10.29195/DSSS.06.01.74},\n\tabstract = {Though primarily understood as New Social Movements (NSM), People’s Science Movements (PSM) in India are also a favourite theme for Science and Technology Studies (STS) scholars. Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) is often projected as a pioneering reference point for studying PSMs. KSSP also figures in Environmental Social Sciences discussions because of its active involvement in the Save Silent Valley Movement (SSVM), one of India’s successful anti-dam environmental movements. While KSSP was foregrounded toabstract some attributes of PSMs by STS scholars, SSVM was one of the environmental movements epitomised to develop explanations on Indian Environmentalism. While agreeing with the PSM’s attributes conferred on KSSP, this paper questions the extent of SSVM’s commonalities with other environmental movements in the debates on Indian Environmentalism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Kallyani, Ranjith and Narayanan, N. C.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental Movements, Hydroelectirc power projects, India, Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Silent Valley},\n\tpages = {1--17},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Though primarily understood as New Social Movements (NSM), People’s Science Movements (PSM) in India are also a favourite theme for Science and Technology Studies (STS) scholars. Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) is often projected as a pioneering reference point for studying PSMs. KSSP also figures in Environmental Social Sciences discussions because of its active involvement in the Save Silent Valley Movement (SSVM), one of India’s successful anti-dam environmental movements. While KSSP was foregrounded toabstract some attributes of PSMs by STS scholars, SSVM was one of the environmental movements epitomised to develop explanations on Indian Environmentalism. While agreeing with the PSM’s attributes conferred on KSSP, this paper questions the extent of SSVM’s commonalities with other environmental movements in the debates on Indian Environmentalism.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Change Myself.:An Interview with Shiv Visvanathan & Chandrika Parmar.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society,09717218231201940. October 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_give_2023,\n\ttitle = {Give {Me} a {Laboratory} and {I} {Will} {Change} {Myself}.:{An} {Interview} with {Shiv} {Visvanathan} \\& {Chandrika} {Parmar}},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218231201940},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218231201940},\n\tabstract = {Shiv Vishwanathan clarifies on how he, and Sehsadri, define the laboratory and the constitution, and is he in favour of situating (socially and historically) Sehsadri’s ‘laboratory in the slum’?},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Amit},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {India, Interview, Laboratory Science, Visvanathan, Shiv},\n\tpages = {09717218231201940},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Shiv Vishwanathan clarifies on how he, and Sehsadri, define the laboratory and the constitution, and is he in favour of situating (socially and historically) Sehsadri’s ‘laboratory in the slum’?\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n COVID-19 Response in South Asia: Case Studies from India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chakraborty, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 114(S1): S447–S463. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chakraborty_covid-19_2023,\n\ttitle = {{COVID}-19 {Response} in {South} {Asia}: {Case} {Studies} from {India}, {Sri} {Lanka}, and {Pakistan}},\n\tvolume = {114},\n\tissn = {0021-1753, 1545-6994},\n\tshorttitle = {{COVID}-19 {Response} in {South} {Asia}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/726992},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/726992},\n\tabstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a significant challenge to countries worldwide, and South Asia has not been an exception. The region is home to over 1.8 billion people and some of the world's largest cities, making it a potential hotspot for the virus's spread. This paper presents case studies from three South Asian countries: India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan, analyzing their response to the pandemic and the measures taken to contain its spread. The paper analyzes India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka's healthcare infrastructures, their strengths and weaknesses, and the measures taken by these governments to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the economy and society. Overall, the paper provides insights into the response to the pandemic in South Asia, highlighting the successes and challenges faced by the countries analyzed. The case studies offer valuable lessons on the importance of preparedness, effective communication, and coordinated responses to pandemics. They also underscore the need for greater investment in healthcare infrastructure and the importance of addressing socioeconomic disparities to effectively combat pandemics in the region. This paper also brings together the recent publications on the current pandemic to help understand the recent works in this area.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {S1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Chakraborty, Arnab},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {COVID-19, India, Pakistan},\n\tpages = {S447--S463},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a significant challenge to countries worldwide, and South Asia has not been an exception. The region is home to over 1.8 billion people and some of the world's largest cities, making it a potential hotspot for the virus's spread. This paper presents case studies from three South Asian countries: India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan, analyzing their response to the pandemic and the measures taken to contain its spread. The paper analyzes India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka's healthcare infrastructures, their strengths and weaknesses, and the measures taken by these governments to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the economy and society. Overall, the paper provides insights into the response to the pandemic in South Asia, highlighting the successes and challenges faced by the countries analyzed. The case studies offer valuable lessons on the importance of preparedness, effective communication, and coordinated responses to pandemics. They also underscore the need for greater investment in healthcare infrastructure and the importance of addressing socioeconomic disparities to effectively combat pandemics in the region. This paper also brings together the recent publications on the current pandemic to help understand the recent works in this area.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From Obsolescence to Abandonment: Exploring the Precarious Use of Cochlear Implants in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Friedner, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values,01622439231211099. November 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{friedner_obsolescence_2023,\n\ttitle = {From {Obsolescence} to {Abandonment}: {Exploring} the {Precarious} {Use} of {Cochlear} {Implants} in {India}},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {From {Obsolescence} to {Abandonment}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01622439231211099},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/01622439231211099},\n\tabstract = {Cochlear implants are considered the gold standard in intervening on deafness and hearing loss. However, “success” is predicated upon routine and consistent use, which in turn is predicated on the ability to maintain devices. This essay considers what happens when use is partial and precarious and asks what happens when external implant processors become obsolete. Contributing to Science and Technology Studies scholarship on obsolescence and the binary between use and nonuse, I analyzes the ongoing aftermath of a central government program in India that provides children living below the poverty line with cochlear implants. Drawing on ethnography and interviews, the article analyzes how families struggle financially and logistically to maintain devices, resulting in cycles of partial use and precarious use. Ultimately, devices become obsolete, and families cannot afford compulsory upgrades. The state and corporations claim these families abandon the devices. In contrast to this claim, the article stresses that we must examine abandonment differently, by attending to how families are abandoned by the state and corporations. Arguing that obsolescence as a concept obscures relationality and functions apolitically, the concept of abandonment is instead put forward to analyze ruptures that occur when consistent and reliable biotechnology use is no longer possible.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Friedner, Michele},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Disability Studies, Ethnography, India, Sociology of Medicine},\n\tpages = {01622439231211099},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Cochlear implants are considered the gold standard in intervening on deafness and hearing loss. However, “success” is predicated upon routine and consistent use, which in turn is predicated on the ability to maintain devices. This essay considers what happens when use is partial and precarious and asks what happens when external implant processors become obsolete. Contributing to Science and Technology Studies scholarship on obsolescence and the binary between use and nonuse, I analyzes the ongoing aftermath of a central government program in India that provides children living below the poverty line with cochlear implants. Drawing on ethnography and interviews, the article analyzes how families struggle financially and logistically to maintain devices, resulting in cycles of partial use and precarious use. Ultimately, devices become obsolete, and families cannot afford compulsory upgrades. The state and corporations claim these families abandon the devices. In contrast to this claim, the article stresses that we must examine abandonment differently, by attending to how families are abandoned by the state and corporations. Arguing that obsolescence as a concept obscures relationality and functions apolitically, the concept of abandonment is instead put forward to analyze ruptures that occur when consistent and reliable biotechnology use is no longer possible.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Artificial Intelligence from Colonial India: Race, Statistics, and Facial Recognition in the Global South.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Taylor, S. M.; Gulson, K. N.; and McDuie-Ra, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 48(3): 663–689. May 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{taylor_artificial_2023,\n\ttitle = {Artificial {Intelligence} from {Colonial} {India}: {Race}, {Statistics}, and {Facial} {Recognition} in the {Global} {South}},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Artificial {Intelligence} from {Colonial} {India}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01622439211060839},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/01622439211060839},\n\tabstract = {This article examines the history of a similarity measure—the Mahalanobis Distance Function—and its movement from colonial India into contemporary artificial intelligence technologies, including facial recognition, and its reapplication into postcolonial India. The article identifies how the creation of the Distance Function was connected to the colonial “problem” of caste and ethnic classification for British bureaucracy in 1920-1930s India. This article demonstrates that the Distance Function is a statistical method, originating to make anthropometric caste distinctions in India, that became both a technical standard and a mobile racialized technique, utilized in machine learning applications. The creation of the Distance Function as a measure of “similitude” at a particular period of colonial state-making helped to model wider categories of classification which have proliferated in facial recognition technology. Overall, we highlight how a measurement function that operates in recognition technologies today can be traced across time and space to other racialized contexts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Taylor, Simon Michael and Gulson, Kalervo N. and McDuie-Ra, Duncan},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, History of Technology, India},\n\tpages = {663--689},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article examines the history of a similarity measure—the Mahalanobis Distance Function—and its movement from colonial India into contemporary artificial intelligence technologies, including facial recognition, and its reapplication into postcolonial India. The article identifies how the creation of the Distance Function was connected to the colonial “problem” of caste and ethnic classification for British bureaucracy in 1920-1930s India. This article demonstrates that the Distance Function is a statistical method, originating to make anthropometric caste distinctions in India, that became both a technical standard and a mobile racialized technique, utilized in machine learning applications. The creation of the Distance Function as a measure of “similitude” at a particular period of colonial state-making helped to model wider categories of classification which have proliferated in facial recognition technology. Overall, we highlight how a measurement function that operates in recognition technologies today can be traced across time and space to other racialized contexts.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Adaptation in the Scientific Method: An Outline for Mutual Learning and Knowledge Co-production in Climate Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Suresh Babu. Gs\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 28(4): 621–638. December 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{suresh_babu_gs_adaptation_2023,\n\ttitle = {Adaptation in the {Scientific} {Method}: {An} {Outline} for {Mutual} {Learning} and {Knowledge} {Co}-production in {Climate} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Adaptation in the {Scientific} {Method}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218231197448},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218231197448},\n\tabstract = {Climate change is taken as a new site of scientific inquiry across the disciplines against the backdrop of the global discourses of the crisis human society confronts today. Our inability to predict and forecast the future and the problems of climate change led to a theoretical vacuum and thereby burden on the scientific communities. Climate change-induced uncertainties manifested in the manifold and their implications on human society, livelihood and ecosystem have increasingly become the objects of analysis for devising empirical tools for field enquiry. It challenges the specificities while looking at the events of uncertainties in context. The new set of evidence on climate change has also redefined the role of the scientific community. This paper discusses climate-related events in the lives of people and the changes in the ecosystem and explores how such factors became an object of scientific inquiry. With the ideas of political ecology, the domain of scientific practices is transformed into an arena of co-production of knowledge in which place, social context and agencies become central. This study explores (1) how the scientific community adapted to outline an interdisciplinary research programme to systematically investigate and register climate-change-affected areas and (2) how the local people in Ladakh Himalaya have participated and reflected on the changing pattern of livelihood and ecosystem through this research enquiry. It has further complicated the analysis on nature-culture dialectics to adapt a robust scientific method to signify the importance of mutual learning and knowledge co-production in climate science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {{Suresh Babu. Gs}},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Climate Change, India, Ladakh},\n\tpages = {621--638},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Climate change is taken as a new site of scientific inquiry across the disciplines against the backdrop of the global discourses of the crisis human society confronts today. Our inability to predict and forecast the future and the problems of climate change led to a theoretical vacuum and thereby burden on the scientific communities. Climate change-induced uncertainties manifested in the manifold and their implications on human society, livelihood and ecosystem have increasingly become the objects of analysis for devising empirical tools for field enquiry. It challenges the specificities while looking at the events of uncertainties in context. The new set of evidence on climate change has also redefined the role of the scientific community. This paper discusses climate-related events in the lives of people and the changes in the ecosystem and explores how such factors became an object of scientific inquiry. With the ideas of political ecology, the domain of scientific practices is transformed into an arena of co-production of knowledge in which place, social context and agencies become central. This study explores (1) how the scientific community adapted to outline an interdisciplinary research programme to systematically investigate and register climate-change-affected areas and (2) how the local people in Ladakh Himalaya have participated and reflected on the changing pattern of livelihood and ecosystem through this research enquiry. It has further complicated the analysis on nature-culture dialectics to adapt a robust scientific method to signify the importance of mutual learning and knowledge co-production in climate science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n COVID-19 and Rapid Response in Healthcare: Enacting Bricolage to Overcome Resource Constraints.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarkar, S.; and Mateus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 28(3): 428–443. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sarkar_covid-19_2023,\n\ttitle = {{COVID}-19 and {Rapid} {Response} in {Healthcare}: {Enacting} {Bricolage} to {Overcome} {Resource} {Constraints}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {{COVID}-19 and {Rapid} {Response} in {Healthcare}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218231178339},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218231178339},\n\tabstract = {In resource-poor emerging economies, the COVID-19 pandemic has inspired governments and various organisations to develop innovative solutions to help combat the pandemic. We conducted a qualitative evidence synthesis of 19 cases drawn from a sample of emerging countries to understand how varied actors rapidly forged healthcare solutions. We uncover the entrepreneurial agency of bricolage as an intrinsic, unconscious and cooperative process of entrepreneurial action in crisis management. Our study contributes to the theory of bricolage as we propose the concept of ‘crisis-driven bricolage’ in healthcare. By highlighting the capacity of multiple actors to collaborate and create effective healthcare solutions within a very short timeframe, our study holds strong practical implications for regional responses. It encourages bricolage as a viable solution when resources are tight and responses need to be rapid. Our study proposes greater consideration of bricolage as a way to provide low-cost and efficacious solutions, and as a complement to society’s innovation repertoire.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Sarkar, Soumodip and Mateus, Sara},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {COVID-19, India},\n\tpages = {428--443},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In resource-poor emerging economies, the COVID-19 pandemic has inspired governments and various organisations to develop innovative solutions to help combat the pandemic. We conducted a qualitative evidence synthesis of 19 cases drawn from a sample of emerging countries to understand how varied actors rapidly forged healthcare solutions. We uncover the entrepreneurial agency of bricolage as an intrinsic, unconscious and cooperative process of entrepreneurial action in crisis management. Our study contributes to the theory of bricolage as we propose the concept of ‘crisis-driven bricolage’ in healthcare. By highlighting the capacity of multiple actors to collaborate and create effective healthcare solutions within a very short timeframe, our study holds strong practical implications for regional responses. It encourages bricolage as a viable solution when resources are tight and responses need to be rapid. Our study proposes greater consideration of bricolage as a way to provide low-cost and efficacious solutions, and as a complement to society’s innovation repertoire.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Opening the ‘Black Box’ of Regulation-making for Bottled Water Quality Standards in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 28(4): 517–534. December 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharma_opening_2023,\n\ttitle = {Opening the ‘{Black} {Box}’ of {Regulation}-making for {Bottled} {Water} {Quality} {Standards} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218231161237},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218231161237},\n\tabstract = {The paper contributes to the under-researched domain of standard setting for bottled water quality in India. The paper opens-up the ‘black box’ of regulation-making by analysing the mandatory bottled water quality standards set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The regulation-making exercise is dominated by bureaucrats and technocrats representing government departments, publicly funded institutions and representatives of big industries. In the standard-setting committees, representation of NGOs, small firms, technology suppliers, independent experts, consumers and citizens are either missing or limited. The kind of experts enrolled by the technical committee and the practice and principles employed by BIS for decision-making have a strong bearing on the regulatory standards. The standard setting for bottled water was the outcome of a complex process that was significantly shaped by the views and values of the dominant regulatory actors, especially what was perceived as valid and superior ‘regulatory knowledge’. Discrete actors, such as bureaucrats, technocrats, big firms and NGOs, supported the wider adoption of international standards, but they had different rationales for advocating the adoption. However, the uncritical adoption of international standards has resulted in a disregard for incorporating environmental, epidemiological, dietary and diverse socio-economic factors into setting standards. Inclusion of socio-economic and other contextual factors could increase the validity and effectiveness of regulatory standards.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Aviram},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Bihar, India, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Regulatory Science, Water, West Bengal},\n\tpages = {517--534},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The paper contributes to the under-researched domain of standard setting for bottled water quality in India. The paper opens-up the ‘black box’ of regulation-making by analysing the mandatory bottled water quality standards set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The regulation-making exercise is dominated by bureaucrats and technocrats representing government departments, publicly funded institutions and representatives of big industries. In the standard-setting committees, representation of NGOs, small firms, technology suppliers, independent experts, consumers and citizens are either missing or limited. The kind of experts enrolled by the technical committee and the practice and principles employed by BIS for decision-making have a strong bearing on the regulatory standards. The standard setting for bottled water was the outcome of a complex process that was significantly shaped by the views and values of the dominant regulatory actors, especially what was perceived as valid and superior ‘regulatory knowledge’. Discrete actors, such as bureaucrats, technocrats, big firms and NGOs, supported the wider adoption of international standards, but they had different rationales for advocating the adoption. However, the uncritical adoption of international standards has resulted in a disregard for incorporating environmental, epidemiological, dietary and diverse socio-economic factors into setting standards. Inclusion of socio-economic and other contextual factors could increase the validity and effectiveness of regulatory standards.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Depiction of Science and Technology in Post-Millennial Tamil Cinema.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahalakshmi, M. R.; and Rajendran, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 28(4): 639–659. December 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{mahalakshmi_depiction_2023,\n\ttitle = {Depiction of {Science} and {Technology} in {Post}-{Millennial} {Tamil} {Cinema}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218231161219},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218231161219},\n\tabstract = {Technological advancement worldwide has impacted the cinema’s narratives, and Indian cinema is no exception to this. Science fiction is one of the fascinated genres of the Indian film industry. Incorporating science concepts in plots with the usual commercial elements provides a unique platform for the creators. This hybridisation by the creators instigates imagination among the audience. This paper explains the scientific concepts handled in the sci-fi genre of contemporary Tamil cinema (2010–2020). The study aims to track down how science concepts are dealt with in contemporary Tamil films. Films are classified into five categories based on the themes identified from the plots. A survey was conducted among the Tamil audience to know their opinion about Tamil sci-fi films.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Mahalakshmi, Mangudi Ramgopal and Rajendran, Lavanya},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Cultural Studies of S\\&T, Film Studies of Science, India, Sci-fi, Tamil Nadu},\n\tpages = {639--659},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Technological advancement worldwide has impacted the cinema’s narratives, and Indian cinema is no exception to this. Science fiction is one of the fascinated genres of the Indian film industry. Incorporating science concepts in plots with the usual commercial elements provides a unique platform for the creators. This hybridisation by the creators instigates imagination among the audience. This paper explains the scientific concepts handled in the sci-fi genre of contemporary Tamil cinema (2010–2020). The study aims to track down how science concepts are dealt with in contemporary Tamil films. Films are classified into five categories based on the themes identified from the plots. A survey was conducted among the Tamil audience to know their opinion about Tamil sci-fi films.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Market Concentration, Diversification and Firm’s Performance in the Case of Indian Chemical Industry.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shaurav, K.; and Rath, B. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 28(1): 128–144. March 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shaurav_market_2023,\n\ttitle = {Market {Concentration}, {Diversification} and {Firm}’s {Performance} in the {Case} of {Indian} {Chemical} {Industry}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218221125926},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218221125926},\n\tabstract = {This study investigates the effects of market concentration and diversification on firms’ performance in the case of the Indian chemical industry. The findings indicate a positive relationship between market concentration and performance measured in terms productivity and profitability. However, firm diversification shows a negative impact on a firm’s productivity and but positive impact on its profitability. The study also reveals that market concentration outperformed in comparison to the diversification strategy for the Indian chemical industry.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Shaurav, Kumar and Rath, Badri Narayan},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Chemical industry, India, Market and Innovation},\n\tpages = {128--144},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This study investigates the effects of market concentration and diversification on firms’ performance in the case of the Indian chemical industry. The findings indicate a positive relationship between market concentration and performance measured in terms productivity and profitability. However, firm diversification shows a negative impact on a firm’s productivity and but positive impact on its profitability. The study also reveals that market concentration outperformed in comparison to the diversification strategy for the Indian chemical industry.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Tacit Constitution: Science, Democracy and Citizenship.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Visvanathan, S.; and Parmar, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society,09717218231201947. December 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{visvanathan_tacit_2023,\n\ttitle = {The {Tacit} {Constitution}: {Science}, {Democracy} and {Citizenship}},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Tacit} {Constitution}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218231201947},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218231201947},\n\tabstract = {The Peruvian novelist, Mario Vargas Llosa, was not only an extraordinary narrator but also an acute witness to suffering and vulnerability. In his classic book, ‘The Storyteller’ (Llosa, 2001), he tells the legend of a tribe, which believes that its future, its very survival depends on the continuous telling of its myths. The trustees of the tribe must keep narrating its story while walking continuously or the tribe ceases to be, when the narrative stops. The logic of the storyteller can be interpreted in many ways. It is a way of saying that speech as storytelling or orality keeps a society alive, when it lacks the fixity of print. One can also contend that a society is alive when its myths and categories are kept alive. In these days, when formal constitutions impoverish the categories of a society, reducing them to a rudimentary social contract and a thesaurus of official concepts that march in uniform, terms like security, nation-state, official citizenship, one needs a tacit constitution that keeps the unstated, the backstage, the implicit, and the taken-for-granted alive. Categories and the dynamics of categories keep a society afloat and sustain its weltanschauung. Worldviews are the webs that sustain a world. As a colleague once said, ‘We need a philosophical spider to sustain, to weave and reweave the networks of thought, belief and ritual that a society survives on.’ This essay emerged from conversations with Indian scientist C. V. Seshadri who argued that his laboratory in the slum would one day rewrite the Indian constitution (Seshadri, 1993).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Visvanathan, Shiv and Parmar, Chandrika},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {India, Knowledge Systems, Science Governance},\n\tpages = {09717218231201947},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Peruvian novelist, Mario Vargas Llosa, was not only an extraordinary narrator but also an acute witness to suffering and vulnerability. In his classic book, ‘The Storyteller’ (Llosa, 2001), he tells the legend of a tribe, which believes that its future, its very survival depends on the continuous telling of its myths. The trustees of the tribe must keep narrating its story while walking continuously or the tribe ceases to be, when the narrative stops. The logic of the storyteller can be interpreted in many ways. It is a way of saying that speech as storytelling or orality keeps a society alive, when it lacks the fixity of print. One can also contend that a society is alive when its myths and categories are kept alive. In these days, when formal constitutions impoverish the categories of a society, reducing them to a rudimentary social contract and a thesaurus of official concepts that march in uniform, terms like security, nation-state, official citizenship, one needs a tacit constitution that keeps the unstated, the backstage, the implicit, and the taken-for-granted alive. Categories and the dynamics of categories keep a society afloat and sustain its weltanschauung. Worldviews are the webs that sustain a world. As a colleague once said, ‘We need a philosophical spider to sustain, to weave and reweave the networks of thought, belief and ritual that a society survives on.’ This essay emerged from conversations with Indian scientist C. V. Seshadri who argued that his laboratory in the slum would one day rewrite the Indian constitution (Seshadri, 1993).\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Tale of Two Perspectives on Innovation and Global Equity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parthasarathy, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Engaging Science, Technology, and Society, 9(2): 87–96. December 2023.\n Number: 2\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{parthasarathy_tale_2023,\n\ttitle = {A {Tale} of {Two} {Perspectives} on {Innovation} and {Global} {Equity}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023 Shobita Parthasarathy},\n\tissn = {2413-8053},\n\turl = {https://estsjournal.org/index.php/ests/article/view/1369},\n\tdoi = {10.17351/ests2023.1369},\n\tabstract = {Both science and technology studies (STS) and innovation studies (IS) see great promise for technology to address global inequality, but they view it quite differently. This article compares the two approaches and examines whether and how they might learn from one another to achieve social equity and justice. To do this, I focus on the case of menstrual health innovation in India, an intervention highly praised as a clear example of potentially transformative “inclusive innovation.” The article argues that IS would benefit from understanding innovation as a sociotechnical system and taking the political dimensions seriously. Meanwhile, we STS scholars should learn to translate our grassroots-based, locally-sensitive solutions to policymakers oriented towards scalability.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-02},\n\tjournal = {Engaging Science, Technology, and Society},\n\tauthor = {Parthasarathy, Shobita},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Number: 2},\n\tkeywords = {Inclusive innovation, Mensutration},\n\tpages = {87--96},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Both science and technology studies (STS) and innovation studies (IS) see great promise for technology to address global inequality, but they view it quite differently. This article compares the two approaches and examines whether and how they might learn from one another to achieve social equity and justice. To do this, I focus on the case of menstrual health innovation in India, an intervention highly praised as a clear example of potentially transformative “inclusive innovation.” The article argues that IS would benefit from understanding innovation as a sociotechnical system and taking the political dimensions seriously. Meanwhile, we STS scholars should learn to translate our grassroots-based, locally-sensitive solutions to policymakers oriented towards scalability.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Speeding Up Sport: Technology and the Indian Premier League.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramanian, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, February 2023.\n Google-Books-ID: bSqdEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{subramanian_speeding_2023,\n\ttitle = {Speeding {Up} {Sport}: {Technology} and the {Indian} {Premier} {League}},\n\tisbn = {9780192865120},\n\tshorttitle = {Speeding {Up} {Sport}},\n\tabstract = {Cricket has been the single most popular sport in India. In a technologically unmediated age, the game was played in the five-day test format. In 2007 though, the sport evolved itself into the Indian Premier League, an association that transformed it from mere a sport to an entertainment spectacle, raising its viewership, TRPs and popularity of the game, to hitherto unimaginable heights. The IPL consequently became India's first sporting platform. This book posits that the growth of the IPL (and of the popularity of cricket in contemporary India) has also been dependent on the parallel evolution of information and technology systems. The implications of technology have affected the way in which it can now be viewed by audiences on the television set at home; new technologies have affected umpiring decisions; new software are critically tied to generating digital audiences for the sport (it can be viewed on one's smartphone and e-devices); and in general, information and communication technology (ICT) has brought major interface between cricket players, administrators, brand managers, PR agencies and the audience. Developing ICTs as a real-time technological mediation has made the IPL dependent on the internet, television broadcast, Twitter, facebook and mobile phones. This book studies this impact; it studies not only how the sport has evolved in a post liberal India, but also how technology has affected the way it is viewed and spectated upon thereby altering the cultural and social milieu of the nation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Subramanian, Vidya},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: bSqdEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Information \\& Communication Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Cricket has been the single most popular sport in India. In a technologically unmediated age, the game was played in the five-day test format. In 2007 though, the sport evolved itself into the Indian Premier League, an association that transformed it from mere a sport to an entertainment spectacle, raising its viewership, TRPs and popularity of the game, to hitherto unimaginable heights. The IPL consequently became India's first sporting platform. This book posits that the growth of the IPL (and of the popularity of cricket in contemporary India) has also been dependent on the parallel evolution of information and technology systems. The implications of technology have affected the way in which it can now be viewed by audiences on the television set at home; new technologies have affected umpiring decisions; new software are critically tied to generating digital audiences for the sport (it can be viewed on one's smartphone and e-devices); and in general, information and communication technology (ICT) has brought major interface between cricket players, administrators, brand managers, PR agencies and the audience. Developing ICTs as a real-time technological mediation has made the IPL dependent on the internet, television broadcast, Twitter, facebook and mobile phones. This book studies this impact; it studies not only how the sport has evolved in a post liberal India, but also how technology has affected the way it is viewed and spectated upon thereby altering the cultural and social milieu of the nation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, State and Meteorology in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dash, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 3: 1–20. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dash_science_2023,\n\ttitle = {Science, {State} and {Meteorology} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/41},\n\tabstract = {Meteorology as a science developed from the middle of the nineteenth century in India in the government’s cradle. This, in turn, has shaped its evolution, making public service its key focus and receiving government patronage in return. Examining this relationship through the evolution of cyclone warning services of India Meteorological Department (IMD), this paper argues that historically such meteorological service has developed without adequate emphasis on theoretical advancement inhibiting the growth of the particular science. Meteorology’s entanglement with the state has resulted in its servicing of state’s institutions rather than the society at large and creating a bureaucratic environment with poor research tradition both during colonial and in the post-Independence period. This association has ensured that there is no scope for the public’s assessment of meteorological service even though it remains predominantly public-funded.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Dash, Biswanath},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Cyclone Warning Service, Disasters, Meteorology, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science and State},\n\tpages = {1--20},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Meteorology as a science developed from the middle of the nineteenth century in India in the government’s cradle. This, in turn, has shaped its evolution, making public service its key focus and receiving government patronage in return. Examining this relationship through the evolution of cyclone warning services of India Meteorological Department (IMD), this paper argues that historically such meteorological service has developed without adequate emphasis on theoretical advancement inhibiting the growth of the particular science. Meteorology’s entanglement with the state has resulted in its servicing of state’s institutions rather than the society at large and creating a bureaucratic environment with poor research tradition both during colonial and in the post-Independence period. This association has ensured that there is no scope for the public’s assessment of meteorological service even though it remains predominantly public-funded.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Technology, Caste-bodies and Labour: Thinking with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar on Leisure.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Havea, J., editor(s), Troubling (Public) Theologies: Spaces, Bodies, Technologies, of Theology in the Age of Empire Series, pages 133–148. Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, Lanham, Boulder, New York & London, 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{varughese_technology_2023,\n\taddress = {Lanham, Boulder, New York \\& London},\n\tseries = {Theology in the {Age} of {Empire} {Series}},\n\ttitle = {Technology, {Caste}-bodies and {Labour}: {Thinking} with {Dr}. {B}. {R}. {Ambedkar} on {Leisure}},\n\tisbn = {9781978714403},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Troubling_public_Theologies/EYnqzwEACAAJ?hl=en},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tbooktitle = {Troubling ({Public}) {Theologies}: {Spaces}, {Bodies}, {Technologies}},\n\tpublisher = {Lexington Books/Fortress Academic},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\teditor = {Havea, Jione},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Ambedkar, Dr. B.R., Body, Caste, Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, India, Industry, Labour, Leisure, Marx, Karl, Social History of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {133--148},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n What is Innovation in the Non-English Languages?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sekhsaria, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Engaging Science, Technology, and Society, 9(2): 75–81. December 2023.\n Number: 2\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sekhsaria_what_2023,\n\ttitle = {What is {Innovation} in the {Non}-{English} {Languages}?},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023 Pankaj Sekhsaria},\n\tissn = {2413-8053},\n\turl = {https://estsjournal.org/index.php/ests/article/view/1375},\n\tdoi = {10.17351/ests2023.1375},\n\tabstract = {The paper focuses on the issue of translation and transformation of language and meaning with a focus on the word and the concept ‘innovation’ What for example are the different transformations that take place between innovation in English and similar words and concepts in Hindi, the most widely spoken language in India? The paper concludes by emphasising the need for more engagement with innovation in the non-English languages because these are more representative of the lived realities and challenges faced by communities in their respective contexts and geographies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-02},\n\tjournal = {Engaging Science, Technology, and Society},\n\tauthor = {Sekhsaria, Pankaj},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Number: 2},\n\tkeywords = {Concepts, Innovation studies},\n\tpages = {75--81},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The paper focuses on the issue of translation and transformation of language and meaning with a focus on the word and the concept ‘innovation’ What for example are the different transformations that take place between innovation in English and similar words and concepts in Hindi, the most widely spoken language in India? The paper concludes by emphasising the need for more engagement with innovation in the non-English languages because these are more representative of the lived realities and challenges faced by communities in their respective contexts and geographies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Atmosphere of Collaboration: Air Pollution Science, Politics and Ecopreneurship in Delhi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Negi, R.; and Srigyan, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n RoutledgeFalmer, September 2023.\n Google-Books-ID: 4mQL0AEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{negi_atmosphere_2023,\n\ttitle = {Atmosphere of {Collaboration}: {Air} {Pollution} {Science}, {Politics} and {Ecopreneurship} in {Delhi}},\n\tisbn = {9780367765316},\n\tshorttitle = {Atmosphere of {Collaboration}},\n\tabstract = {This book discusses air pollution in Delhi from scientific, social and entrepreneurial perspectives. Using key debates and interventions on air pollution, it examines the trajectories of environmental politics in the Delhi region, one of the most polluted areas in the world. It highlights the administrative struggles, public advocacy, and entrepreneurial innovations that have built creative new links between science and urban citizenship. The book describes the atmosphere of collaboration that pervades these otherwise disparate spheres in contemporary Delhi.Key features: - Presents an original case study on urban environmentalism from the Global South- Cuts across science, policy, advocacy and innovation- Includes behind-the-scenes discussions, tensions and experimentations in the Indian air pollution space- Uses immersive ethnography to study a topical and relevant urban issueAs South Asian and Global South cities confront fast-intensifying environmental risks, this study presents a dialogue between urban political ecology (UPE) and science and technology studies on Delhi's air. The book explores how the governance of air is challenged by scales, jurisdictions, and institutional structures. It also shows how technical experts are bridging disciplinary silos as they engage in advocacy by translating science for public understanding. The book serves as a reminder of the enduring struggles over space, quality of life, and citizenship while pointing to the possibilities for different urban futures being negotiated by variegated agents.The book will interest scholars and researchers of science and technology studies, urban studies, urban geography, environmental studies, environmental politics, governance, public administration, and sociology, especially in the Global South context. It will also be useful to practitioners, policymakers, bureaucrats, government bodies, civil society organisations, and those working on air pollution advocacy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {RoutledgeFalmer},\n\tauthor = {Negi, Rohit and Srigyan, Prerna},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 4mQL0AEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Expertise, Public Engagement with S\\&T},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book discusses air pollution in Delhi from scientific, social and entrepreneurial perspectives. Using key debates and interventions on air pollution, it examines the trajectories of environmental politics in the Delhi region, one of the most polluted areas in the world. It highlights the administrative struggles, public advocacy, and entrepreneurial innovations that have built creative new links between science and urban citizenship. The book describes the atmosphere of collaboration that pervades these otherwise disparate spheres in contemporary Delhi.Key features: - Presents an original case study on urban environmentalism from the Global South- Cuts across science, policy, advocacy and innovation- Includes behind-the-scenes discussions, tensions and experimentations in the Indian air pollution space- Uses immersive ethnography to study a topical and relevant urban issueAs South Asian and Global South cities confront fast-intensifying environmental risks, this study presents a dialogue between urban political ecology (UPE) and science and technology studies on Delhi's air. The book explores how the governance of air is challenged by scales, jurisdictions, and institutional structures. It also shows how technical experts are bridging disciplinary silos as they engage in advocacy by translating science for public understanding. The book serves as a reminder of the enduring struggles over space, quality of life, and citizenship while pointing to the possibilities for different urban futures being negotiated by variegated agents.The book will interest scholars and researchers of science and technology studies, urban studies, urban geography, environmental studies, environmental politics, governance, public administration, and sociology, especially in the Global South context. It will also be useful to practitioners, policymakers, bureaucrats, government bodies, civil society organisations, and those working on air pollution advocacy.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Political Lives of Information: Information and the Production of Development in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Srinivasan, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n MIT Press, Massachusetts, October 2022.\n Google-Books-ID: zqtaEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{srinivasan_political_2022,\n\taddress = {Massachusetts},\n\ttitle = {The {Political} {Lives} of {Information}: {Information} and the {Production} of {Development} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780262370370},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Political} {Lives} of {Information}},\n\turl = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262544047/the-political-lives-of-information/},\n\tabstract = {How the definition, production, and leveraging of information are shaped by caste, class, and gender, and the implications for development.Information, says Janaki Srinivasan, has fundamentally reshaped development discourse and practice. In this study, she examines the history of the idea of “information” and its political implications for poverty alleviation. She presents three cases in India—the circulation of price information in a fish market in Kerala, government information in information kiosks operated by a nonprofit in Puducherry, and a political campaign demanding a right to information in Rajasthan—to explore three uses of information to support goals of social change. Countering claims that information is naturally and universally empowering, Srinivasan shows how the definition, production, and leveraging of information are shaped by caste, class, and gender. Srinivasan draws on archival and ethnographic research to challenge the idea of information as objective and factual. Using the concept of an “information order,” she examines how the meaning and value of information reflect the social relations in which it is embedded. She asks why casting information as a tool of development and solution to poverty appeals to actors across the political spectrum. She also shows how the power to label some things information and others not is at least as significant as the capacity to subsequently produce, access, and leverage information. The more faith we place in what information can do, she cautions, the less attention we pay to its political lives and to the role of specific social structures, individual agency, and material form in the defining, production, and use of that information.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {MIT Press},\n\tauthor = {Srinivasan, Janaki},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: zqtaEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Archival Research, Development, Ethnography, Information, Information \\& Communication Technology, Intersectionality, Kerala, Puducherry, Rajasthan},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n How the definition, production, and leveraging of information are shaped by caste, class, and gender, and the implications for development.Information, says Janaki Srinivasan, has fundamentally reshaped development discourse and practice. In this study, she examines the history of the idea of “information” and its political implications for poverty alleviation. She presents three cases in India—the circulation of price information in a fish market in Kerala, government information in information kiosks operated by a nonprofit in Puducherry, and a political campaign demanding a right to information in Rajasthan—to explore three uses of information to support goals of social change. Countering claims that information is naturally and universally empowering, Srinivasan shows how the definition, production, and leveraging of information are shaped by caste, class, and gender. Srinivasan draws on archival and ethnographic research to challenge the idea of information as objective and factual. Using the concept of an “information order,” she examines how the meaning and value of information reflect the social relations in which it is embedded. She asks why casting information as a tool of development and solution to poverty appeals to actors across the political spectrum. She also shows how the power to label some things information and others not is at least as significant as the capacity to subsequently produce, access, and leverage information. The more faith we place in what information can do, she cautions, the less attention we pay to its political lives and to the role of specific social structures, individual agency, and material form in the defining, production, and use of that information.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Self-financialisation and the Qualitative Shifts in Engineering Education in Kerala.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mathew, M. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 57(30): 53–59. July 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mathew_self-financialisation_2022,\n\ttitle = {Self-financialisation and the {Qualitative} {Shifts} in {Engineering} {Education} in {Kerala}},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\turl = {https://www.epw.in/journal/2022/30/special-articles/self-financialisation-and-qualitative-shifts.html},\n\tabstract = {The self-financed quantitative expansion of engineering education in Kerala since the beginning of the 2000s should not be seen as a logical expansion consistent with demand and supply. Rather it should be primarily seen as qualitative, contributing to a change in the meaning of what engineering education is and has historically been. The qualitative aspect of this expansion is argued from the political economy of engineering education and is deriving from the displacement of functional role attributable to engineering education following the crisis of skills in the new accumulation regime and the new role that engineering education has been playing in the regimentation of the overall field of higher education.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {30},\n\turldate = {2025-10-15},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Mathew, Manu V.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Engineering, India, Kerala, Science Education},\n\tpages = {53--59},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The self-financed quantitative expansion of engineering education in Kerala since the beginning of the 2000s should not be seen as a logical expansion consistent with demand and supply. Rather it should be primarily seen as qualitative, contributing to a change in the meaning of what engineering education is and has historically been. The qualitative aspect of this expansion is argued from the political economy of engineering education and is deriving from the displacement of functional role attributable to engineering education following the crisis of skills in the new accumulation regime and the new role that engineering education has been playing in the regimentation of the overall field of higher education.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Negotiating Power and Constructing the Nation: Engineering in Sri Lanka.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bandura Dileepa, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Tambapanni Academic Publishers, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bandura_dileepa_negotiating_2022,\n\taddress = {Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte},\n\ttitle = {Negotiating {Power} and {Constructing} the {Nation}: {Engineering} in {Sri} {Lanka}},\n\tisbn = {9786245529056, 6245529050},\n\tshorttitle = {Engineering in {Sri} {Lanka}},\n\turl = {https://www.tambapannipublishers.lk/upcoming_releases/negotiating-power-and-constructing-the-nation-engineering-in-sri-lanka/},\n\tabstract = {"This book argues that engineering is not just an object of science, an artifact or a technical programme, but also a symbol, a worksite, a conceptual space, a community or even a myth. It is within this broader understanding that three very diverse engineering sites in Sri Lanka are used as case studies to discuss the way in which Sri Lankan engineering is enmeshed with Sinhala nationalism. The three sites are the Aberdeen-Laxapana Hydro Electric Scheme — the first ever hydro electric project implemented during the British colonial times; the Accelerated Mahaweli Development Project — the mega multi-purpose engineering project implemented in post-Independence Sri Lanka with a focus on River Mahaweli, and the popular discourse on King Ravana that is widespread among the Sinhalas in recent times that showcases the character of Ravana from the Hindu epic Ramayana as a Lankan engineer.Using the three case studies, the book illustrates how an understanding of Sri Lankan engineering is used to facilitate the members of the ‘Sinhala nation’, as an imagined community, to look back towards a perceivably grand past, as well as to look forward to visualize a common future.At another level, Negotiating Power and Constructing the Nation is about the material study of technology and the social study of nations and nationalism that can be placed at the crossroads of Sri Lankan engineering and Sinhala nationalism. The popular claim by Sinhalas that they are collectively a nation of engineering excellence is a common thread that cuts across the chapters, and proceeds to look at how and why this perception has been constructed, modified and revised over time, and also to examine the people and projects that have been included and excluded in this process.},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tpublisher = {Tambapanni Academic Publishers},\n\tauthor = {Bandura Dileepa, Witharana},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Engineering, Mythology, Nationalism, Sri Lanka},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"This book argues that engineering is not just an object of science, an artifact or a technical programme, but also a symbol, a worksite, a conceptual space, a community or even a myth. It is within this broader understanding that three very diverse engineering sites in Sri Lanka are used as case studies to discuss the way in which Sri Lankan engineering is enmeshed with Sinhala nationalism. The three sites are the Aberdeen-Laxapana Hydro Electric Scheme — the first ever hydro electric project implemented during the British colonial times; the Accelerated Mahaweli Development Project — the mega multi-purpose engineering project implemented in post-Independence Sri Lanka with a focus on River Mahaweli, and the popular discourse on King Ravana that is widespread among the Sinhalas in recent times that showcases the character of Ravana from the Hindu epic Ramayana as a Lankan engineer.Using the three case studies, the book illustrates how an understanding of Sri Lankan engineering is used to facilitate the members of the ‘Sinhala nation’, as an imagined community, to look back towards a perceivably grand past, as well as to look forward to visualize a common future.At another level, Negotiating Power and Constructing the Nation is about the material study of technology and the social study of nations and nationalism that can be placed at the crossroads of Sri Lankan engineering and Sinhala nationalism. The popular claim by Sinhalas that they are collectively a nation of engineering excellence is a common thread that cuts across the chapters, and proceeds to look at how and why this perception has been constructed, modified and revised over time, and also to examine the people and projects that have been included and excluded in this process.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Interrupting Merit, Subverting Legibility: Navigating Caste In ‘Casteless’ Worlds of Computing.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vaghela, P.; Jackson, S. J.; and Sengers, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1–20, New Orleans LA USA, April 2022. ACM Digital Library\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{vaghela_interrupting_2022,\n\taddress = {New Orleans LA USA},\n\ttitle = {Interrupting {Merit}, {Subverting} {Legibility}: {Navigating} {Caste} {In} ‘{Casteless}’ {Worlds} of {Computing}},\n\tcopyright = {https://www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright\\_policy\\#Background},\n\tisbn = {9781450391573},\n\tshorttitle = {Interrupting {Merit}, {Subverting} {Legibility}},\n\turl = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491102.3502059},\n\tdoi = {10.1145/3491102.3502059},\n\tabstract = {Recent work in HCI has shed light on structural issues of inequality in computing. Building on this work, this study analyzes the relatively understudied phenomenon of caste in computing. Contrary to common rhetorics of ‘castelessness,’ we show how computing worlds in India and Indian diasporic communities continue to be shaped and inflected by caste relations. We study how, when and where Dalits (formerly ‘untouchables’) encounter caste in computing. We show how they artfully navigate these caste inscriptions by interpreting, interrupting and ambiguating caste and by finding caste communities. Drawing on the life stories of 16 Dalit engineers and anti-caste, queer-feminist and critical race theories, we argue that a dynamic and performative approach to caste, and other forms of inequality in HCI and computing, emphasizes the artfulness and agency of those at the margins as they challenge structural inequality in everyday life. Lastly, we suggest practical ways of addressing caste to build more open and inclusive cultures of global computing.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-19},\n\tbooktitle = {{CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},\n\tpublisher = {ACM Digital Library},\n\tauthor = {Vaghela, Palashi and Jackson, Steven J. and Sengers, Phoebe},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Dalit, Digital STS, Engineering, Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Feminist STS, India, Memoirs, Professional Network, Queer Studies of S\\&T},\n\tpages = {1--20},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Recent work in HCI has shed light on structural issues of inequality in computing. Building on this work, this study analyzes the relatively understudied phenomenon of caste in computing. Contrary to common rhetorics of ‘castelessness,’ we show how computing worlds in India and Indian diasporic communities continue to be shaped and inflected by caste relations. We study how, when and where Dalits (formerly ‘untouchables’) encounter caste in computing. We show how they artfully navigate these caste inscriptions by interpreting, interrupting and ambiguating caste and by finding caste communities. Drawing on the life stories of 16 Dalit engineers and anti-caste, queer-feminist and critical race theories, we argue that a dynamic and performative approach to caste, and other forms of inequality in HCI and computing, emphasizes the artfulness and agency of those at the margins as they challenge structural inequality in everyday life. Lastly, we suggest practical ways of addressing caste to build more open and inclusive cultures of global computing.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n India @ 75: Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for Development.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishna, V. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 27(1): 113–146. March 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{krishna_india_2022,\n\ttitle = {India @ 75: {Science}, {Technology} and {Innovation} {Policies} for {Development}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {India @ 75},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218211047029},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218211047029},\n\tabstract = {India was perhaps the only country among the developing world with a colonial past to have organised and established national science community much before it attained its independence. Nehruvian science and technology (S\\&T) policy in India’s formative years left a distinct imprint in the post-colonial and post-independent India. With a huge population of nearly 1.35 billion people, India is not dependent on food on outside countries since the 1960s. Green and White Revolutions have made immense contribution to develop scientific and technical capacities in agriculture. India’s innovation system, including higher education, has given her some comparative advantage through ‘human capital’ in information technology, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, space research and so on. In export promotion and economic competitiveness in technology-based industries, we lag compared with East Asian ‘Dragons’. India’s informal sector poses a formidable challenge with more than 95\\% of the total labour force, about 550 million, 90\\% of which is 8th class dropouts. When we begin to assess our national innovation system, one feature that stands out to research observers is few islands of excellence and vast ‘hinterlands’ of underdeveloped research potential. There is clearly a gap between theory and practice of science policy in India. Our gross expenditure on research and development as a proportion of gross domestic product remained relatively stagnant and, in fact, receded from 0.8\\% in the 1990s to 0.7\\% in 2020. In this period, our neighbour, China, left us far behind in S\\&T for development.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Krishna, V. V.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {India, Post-Independence India, Science, Science Policy, Science and Democracy},\n\tpages = {113--146},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n India was perhaps the only country among the developing world with a colonial past to have organised and established national science community much before it attained its independence. Nehruvian science and technology (S&T) policy in India’s formative years left a distinct imprint in the post-colonial and post-independent India. With a huge population of nearly 1.35 billion people, India is not dependent on food on outside countries since the 1960s. Green and White Revolutions have made immense contribution to develop scientific and technical capacities in agriculture. India’s innovation system, including higher education, has given her some comparative advantage through ‘human capital’ in information technology, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, space research and so on. In export promotion and economic competitiveness in technology-based industries, we lag compared with East Asian ‘Dragons’. India’s informal sector poses a formidable challenge with more than 95% of the total labour force, about 550 million, 90% of which is 8th class dropouts. When we begin to assess our national innovation system, one feature that stands out to research observers is few islands of excellence and vast ‘hinterlands’ of underdeveloped research potential. There is clearly a gap between theory and practice of science policy in India. Our gross expenditure on research and development as a proportion of gross domestic product remained relatively stagnant and, in fact, receded from 0.8% in the 1990s to 0.7% in 2020. In this period, our neighbour, China, left us far behind in S&T for development.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mathematics and Society: Numbers and Measures in Early Modern South India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Babu, D. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2022.\n Google-Books-ID: H9s3zwEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{babu_mathematics_2022,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Mathematics and {Society}: {Numbers} and {Measures} in {Early} {Modern} {South} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788194831600},\n\tshorttitle = {Mathematics and {Society}},\n\tabstract = {This book studies the regional tradition of mathematics in the Tamil-speaking areas of Southern India. It questions the established nature of Indian history of mathematics, which is based only on the Bhatta-Bhaskara tradition. Instead, it brings in practitioners like village accountants and school teachers as primary agents in the practice of mathematics. The author studies these hitherto unexplored historical sources and presents them in a new light. He talks about mathematics at the workplace, at the school, and at the village square in precolonial Tamil society. Finally, the author studies what happened to these practices when encountered by the colonial revenue administration and brings out a social history of mathematics in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Babu, D. Senthil},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: H9s3zwEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Artisanal Knowledge, Colonialism, India, Mathematics, Science \\& Culture, Scientific Practice, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science, Tamil Nadu},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book studies the regional tradition of mathematics in the Tamil-speaking areas of Southern India. It questions the established nature of Indian history of mathematics, which is based only on the Bhatta-Bhaskara tradition. Instead, it brings in practitioners like village accountants and school teachers as primary agents in the practice of mathematics. The author studies these hitherto unexplored historical sources and presents them in a new light. He talks about mathematics at the workplace, at the school, and at the village square in precolonial Tamil society. Finally, the author studies what happened to these practices when encountered by the colonial revenue administration and brings out a social history of mathematics in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Jagadis Bose’s Panvitalism as Intellectual History.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dasgupta, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of History of Science, 57(1): 26–36. March 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{dasgupta_jagadis_2022,\n\ttitle = {Jagadis {Bose}’s {Panvitalism} as {Intellectual} {History}},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tissn = {2454-9991},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-022-00032-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s43539-022-00032-6},\n\tabstract = {No aspect of Jagadis Chandra Bose’s science is more enigmatic than his concern with the relationship between the living and nonliving, explored from 1900 through 1902. Elsewhere this writer called this the ‘middle Bose’ period since it separated Bose the physicist (1894–1900) from Bose the plant physiologist (1903 and after). The essence of his insight developed in this brief period was formerly termed by this writer the ‘Boseian thesis’ and summarized as ‘There is no discontinuity between the living and nonliving’. However, a more nuanced examination of three key texts published by Bose in this period, along with supplemental archival documents reveals that his articulation of the relationship between the living and nonliving evolved in subtle and daring ways culminating in an expression of the doctrine of panvitalism. This doctrine—that life pervades all matter—is an idea about the natural world. Thus, examining Bose���s panvitalism takes us into the realm of intellectual history: the close study of the meaning of Bose’s texts in order to understand his intention in exploring the relationship of the living and nonliving, the context of his investigation and its relation to the texts, and how he arrived at his panvitalist doctrine. The intellectual history of Bose’s panvitalism is the subject of this paper.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-28},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Dasgupta, Subrata},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, Alternative Sciences, Bose, J.C., Colonial India, Colonialism, Hindu Theology, India, Intellectual History},\n\tpages = {26--36},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n No aspect of Jagadis Chandra Bose’s science is more enigmatic than his concern with the relationship between the living and nonliving, explored from 1900 through 1902. Elsewhere this writer called this the ‘middle Bose’ period since it separated Bose the physicist (1894–1900) from Bose the plant physiologist (1903 and after). The essence of his insight developed in this brief period was formerly termed by this writer the ‘Boseian thesis’ and summarized as ‘There is no discontinuity between the living and nonliving’. However, a more nuanced examination of three key texts published by Bose in this period, along with supplemental archival documents reveals that his articulation of the relationship between the living and nonliving evolved in subtle and daring ways culminating in an expression of the doctrine of panvitalism. This doctrine—that life pervades all matter—is an idea about the natural world. Thus, examining Bose���s panvitalism takes us into the realm of intellectual history: the close study of the meaning of Bose’s texts in order to understand his intention in exploring the relationship of the living and nonliving, the context of his investigation and its relation to the texts, and how he arrived at his panvitalist doctrine. The intellectual history of Bose’s panvitalism is the subject of this paper.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Women and Medical Profession in Colonial Bengal, 1883-1947.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukherjee, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Primus Books, Delhi, 2022.\n OCLC: on1348922304\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{mukherjee_women_2022,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Women and {Medical} {Profession} in {Colonial} {Bengal}, 1883-1947},\n\tisbn = {9789355723307},\n\tabstract = {The expansionist policy of the colonial power necessitated official involvement with medical education in Bengal from the early nineteenth century. By the mid-nineteenth century, Western medicine permeated various levels of society, thereby making medicine a remunerative profession. A handful of women receiving higher education aspired for a professional career and medicine became their obvious choice, as women patients refused to consult male doctors during pregnancy or childbirth, or for diseases specific to women. In this context, both indigenous and white women doctors working in Bengal emerged as dedicated caregivers for women patients specifically. The Dufferin Fund set up in 1885 further reinforced gender segregation through its objective of treating women patients by women doctors only. As a result, other skilled and complicated branches of medicine became the domain of male doctors. Interestingly, this legacy of separation between 'masculine' and 'feminine' branches of medicine continues even today. Women and Medical Profession in Colonial Bengal, 1883-1947 studies the origin of women's entry into medicine in colonial Bengal and thereby unfurls the layers within these thought-provoking questions about its legacy, providing some answers and leading to new questions, the effects of which abound and govern our present.},\n\tpublisher = {Primus Books},\n\tauthor = {Mukherjee, Susmita},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {OCLC: on1348922304},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, 20th Century, Bengal, History, India, India Bengal, Medical education, Women in medicine, Women medical students},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The expansionist policy of the colonial power necessitated official involvement with medical education in Bengal from the early nineteenth century. By the mid-nineteenth century, Western medicine permeated various levels of society, thereby making medicine a remunerative profession. A handful of women receiving higher education aspired for a professional career and medicine became their obvious choice, as women patients refused to consult male doctors during pregnancy or childbirth, or for diseases specific to women. In this context, both indigenous and white women doctors working in Bengal emerged as dedicated caregivers for women patients specifically. The Dufferin Fund set up in 1885 further reinforced gender segregation through its objective of treating women patients by women doctors only. As a result, other skilled and complicated branches of medicine became the domain of male doctors. Interestingly, this legacy of separation between 'masculine' and 'feminine' branches of medicine continues even today. Women and Medical Profession in Colonial Bengal, 1883-1947 studies the origin of women's entry into medicine in colonial Bengal and thereby unfurls the layers within these thought-provoking questions about its legacy, providing some answers and leading to new questions, the effects of which abound and govern our present.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Studies Meets Colonialism.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Polity, Camebridge & Hoboken, NJ, October 2022.\n Google-Books-ID: _dOTEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{prasad_science_2022,\n\taddress = {Camebridge \\& Hoboken, NJ},\n\ttitle = {Science {Studies} {Meets} {Colonialism}},\n\tisbn = {9781509544431},\n\tabstract = {The field of science and technology studies has long critiqued the idea that there is such a thing as a universal and singular "Science" that exists independently of human society, interpretation, and action. However, the multiple significant ways in which colonial legacies impact and shape this project have often remained out of sight at the edges of the discipline. In this important book, Amit Prasad seeks to rectify this erasure, demonstrating that problematic idealized imaginaries of science, scientists, and the scientific realm can be traced back to the birth of "modern science" during European colonialism. Such visions of science and technology have undergirded the imagination of the West (and thus of its others), constructing hierarchies of technological innovation and scientific value, but also unexpectedly leaving society vulnerable to contemporary threats of misinformation and conspiracy theories, as has been strikingly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. Far from being an indictment of STS, this rigorous book seeks to highlight such concerns to make STS engage more carefully with issues of colonialism and thus to enable readers to understand the rapidly changing global topography of science and technology today and into the future.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Polity},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Amit},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: \\_dOTEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Science / Philosophy \\& Social Aspects, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The field of science and technology studies has long critiqued the idea that there is such a thing as a universal and singular \"Science\" that exists independently of human society, interpretation, and action. However, the multiple significant ways in which colonial legacies impact and shape this project have often remained out of sight at the edges of the discipline. In this important book, Amit Prasad seeks to rectify this erasure, demonstrating that problematic idealized imaginaries of science, scientists, and the scientific realm can be traced back to the birth of \"modern science\" during European colonialism. Such visions of science and technology have undergirded the imagination of the West (and thus of its others), constructing hierarchies of technological innovation and scientific value, but also unexpectedly leaving society vulnerable to contemporary threats of misinformation and conspiracy theories, as has been strikingly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. Far from being an indictment of STS, this rigorous book seeks to highlight such concerns to make STS engage more carefully with issues of colonialism and thus to enable readers to understand the rapidly changing global topography of science and technology today and into the future.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chromosome Woman, Nomad Scientist: E. K. Janaki Ammal, A Life 1897–1984.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nair, S. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, November 2022.\n Google-Books-ID: RoCUEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{nair_chromosome_2022,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Chromosome {Woman}, {Nomad} {Scientist}: {E}. {K}. {Janaki} {Ammal}, {A} {Life} 1897–1984},\n\tisbn = {9781000649727},\n\tshorttitle = {Chromosome {Woman}, {Nomad} {Scientist}},\n\tabstract = {This is the first in-depth and analytical biography of an Asian woman scientist—Edavaleth Kakkat Janaki Ammal (1897–1984). Using a wide range of archival sources, it presents a dazzling portrait of the twentieth century through the eyes of a pioneering Indian woman scientist, who was highly mobile, and a life that intersected with several significant historical events—the rise of Nazi Germany and World War II, the struggle for Indian Independence, the social relations of science movement, the Lysenko affair, the green revolution, the dawn of environmentalism and the protest movement against a proposed hydro-electric project in the Silent Valley in the 1970s and 1980s.The volume brings into focus her work on mapping the origin and evolution of cultivated plants across space and time, to contribute to a grand history of human evolution, her works published in peer-reviewed Indian and international journals of science, as well as her co-authored work, Chromosome Atlas of Cultivated Plants (1945), considered a bible by practitioners of the discipline. It also looks at her correspondence with major personalities of the time, including political leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, biologists like Cyril D. Darlington, J. B. S. Haldane and H. H. Bartlett, geographers like Carl Sauer and social activists like Hilda Seligman, who all played significant roles in shaping her world view and her science.A story spanning over North America, Europe and Asia, this biography is a must-have for scholars and researchers of science and technology studies, gender studies, especially those studying women in the sciences, history and South Asian studies. It will also be a delight for the general reader.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Nair, Savithri Preetha},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: RoCUEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ammal, E.K. Janaki, Biography, Biology, Cytology, Gender \\& Science, Genetics, Kerala, Scientist, Women in science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This is the first in-depth and analytical biography of an Asian woman scientist—Edavaleth Kakkat Janaki Ammal (1897–1984). Using a wide range of archival sources, it presents a dazzling portrait of the twentieth century through the eyes of a pioneering Indian woman scientist, who was highly mobile, and a life that intersected with several significant historical events—the rise of Nazi Germany and World War II, the struggle for Indian Independence, the social relations of science movement, the Lysenko affair, the green revolution, the dawn of environmentalism and the protest movement against a proposed hydro-electric project in the Silent Valley in the 1970s and 1980s.The volume brings into focus her work on mapping the origin and evolution of cultivated plants across space and time, to contribute to a grand history of human evolution, her works published in peer-reviewed Indian and international journals of science, as well as her co-authored work, Chromosome Atlas of Cultivated Plants (1945), considered a bible by practitioners of the discipline. It also looks at her correspondence with major personalities of the time, including political leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, biologists like Cyril D. Darlington, J. B. S. Haldane and H. H. Bartlett, geographers like Carl Sauer and social activists like Hilda Seligman, who all played significant roles in shaping her world view and her science.A story spanning over North America, Europe and Asia, this biography is a must-have for scholars and researchers of science and technology studies, gender studies, especially those studying women in the sciences, history and South Asian studies. It will also be a delight for the general reader.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Ramanujan Yatra: Compendium of Thoughts from Experts that Emanated During the Journey.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasar, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2022.\n Google-Books-ID: 4dT1zwEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{vigyan_prasar_ramanujan_2022,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Ramanujan {Yatra}: {Compendium} of {Thoughts} from {Experts} that {Emanated} {During} the {Journey}},\n\tisbn = {9788174803634},\n\tshorttitle = {Ramanujan {Yatra}},\n\tabstract = {"Ramanujan Yatra is an educational tour focused on the life and work of the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan. It involves visiting places significant to his life, such as his birthplace, school, and libraries, as well as mathematical research institutes. The Yatra also aims to inspire participants, particularly students, to pursue mathematics and mathematical research."\n(Generated by Gemini ai)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 4dT1zwEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Mathematics, Ramanujan, Srinivasa, Science Popularisation, Tamil Nadu},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"Ramanujan Yatra is an educational tour focused on the life and work of the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan. It involves visiting places significant to his life, such as his birthplace, school, and libraries, as well as mathematical research institutes. The Yatra also aims to inspire participants, particularly students, to pursue mathematics and mathematical research.\" (Generated by Gemini ai)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Vigyan Vidushi: 75 Women Trailblazers of Science.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Misra, K. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, an autonomous organisation of Deparment of Science & Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, 2022.\n Google-Books-ID: H7YZ0AEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{misra_vigyan_2022,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Vigyan {Vidushi}: 75 {Women} {Trailblazers} of {Science}},\n\tisbn = {9788174803887},\n\tshorttitle = {Vigyan {Vidushi}},\n\tabstract = {(Not Available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar, an autonomous organisation of Deparment of Science \\& Technology, Government of India},\n\tauthor = {Misra, Kinkini Dasgupta},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: H7YZ0AEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not Available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Smart as (Un)democratic? The Making of a Smart City Imaginary in Kolkata, India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghosh, B.; and Arora, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 40(1): 318–339. February 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ghosh_smart_2022,\n\ttitle = {Smart as ({Un})democratic? {The} {Making} of a {Smart} {City} {Imaginary} in {Kolkata}, {India}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {2399-6544, 2399-6552},\n\tshorttitle = {Smart as (un)democratic?},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23996544211027583},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/23996544211027583},\n\tabstract = {‘Smart’ imaginaries have been enthusiastically embraced by urban planners and policymakers around the world. Indians are no exception. Between 2015–2018, following national government guidelines to use participatory and inclusive processes, many cities developed proposals for a smart city challenge. Successful proposals received financial and technical support from the national government. We examine the making of the smart city proposal submitted by New Town Kolkata (NTK). We ask how (un)democratic was the making of the proposal, along three aspects: distributive, participatory, and responsive. Based on an analysis of documents and interviews with policymakers and citizens, we find that NTK’s smart city imaginary largely failed to be distributive. It rarely accounted for the specific needs of poorer and vulnerable citizens. City officials invested considerable effort in using participatory techniques, but citizen participation was tightly controlled through top-down design and practice of the techniques. The latter often facilitated one-way flow of information from the city administration to the citizens. The proposal was responsive to some citizens’ voices, but only those belonging to the more affluent classes. A messy diversity of citizens’ voices was thus closed down, as the city officials filtered and cherry-picked citizens’ voices that were well-aligned with the official technocratic vision of ‘global’ smart urbanism. The paper shows how democracy can be put in the service of technocracy, within a rhetoric of citizen participation and social inclusion that embodies smart urbanism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space},\n\tauthor = {Ghosh, Bipashyee and Arora, Saurabh},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {India, Kolkata, Smart Cities, Sociology of Technology},\n\tpages = {318--339},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n ‘Smart’ imaginaries have been enthusiastically embraced by urban planners and policymakers around the world. Indians are no exception. Between 2015–2018, following national government guidelines to use participatory and inclusive processes, many cities developed proposals for a smart city challenge. Successful proposals received financial and technical support from the national government. We examine the making of the smart city proposal submitted by New Town Kolkata (NTK). We ask how (un)democratic was the making of the proposal, along three aspects: distributive, participatory, and responsive. Based on an analysis of documents and interviews with policymakers and citizens, we find that NTK’s smart city imaginary largely failed to be distributive. It rarely accounted for the specific needs of poorer and vulnerable citizens. City officials invested considerable effort in using participatory techniques, but citizen participation was tightly controlled through top-down design and practice of the techniques. The latter often facilitated one-way flow of information from the city administration to the citizens. The proposal was responsive to some citizens’ voices, but only those belonging to the more affluent classes. A messy diversity of citizens’ voices was thus closed down, as the city officials filtered and cherry-picked citizens’ voices that were well-aligned with the official technocratic vision of ‘global’ smart urbanism. The paper shows how democracy can be put in the service of technocracy, within a rhetoric of citizen participation and social inclusion that embodies smart urbanism.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Programmed Welfare: An Ethnographic Account of Algorithmic Practices in the Public Distribution System in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chaudhuri, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n New Media & Society, 24(4): 887–902. April 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chaudhuri_programmed_2022,\n\ttitle = {Programmed {Welfare}: {An} {Ethnographic} {Account} of {Algorithmic} {Practices} in the {Public} {Distribution} {System} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tissn = {1461-4448, 1461-7315},\n\tshorttitle = {Programmed welfare},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14614448221079034},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/14614448221079034},\n\tabstract = {Although considered to be fixed sequence of computational procedures, the actual nature of algorithms emerges only in practice through its performative agency enacted within a network of human and non-human actors. In this article, I trace this agency in the everyday practices of the algorithmic system of welfare distribution, namely, the Aadhaar-enabled Public Distribution System (AePDS), through ethnographic fieldwork across three states in India. Conceptualising the AePDS as a programmed welfare system, I unpack its underlying assemblages to show that far from being objective technologies of governance, algorithmic sorting for targeted welfare is enacted in relation to a multitude of human actors, databases, machines, documents and shifting institutional contexts, in ways that are markedly different from its fixed computation properties. This mode of enquiry, I argue, makes the process of algorithmic enactment more transparent and comprehensible, which in turn will aid in better design and governance of such systems.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {New Media \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Chaudhuri, Bidisha},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Digital STS, Food, Governmentality, India, Information \\& Communication Technology},\n\tpages = {887--902},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Although considered to be fixed sequence of computational procedures, the actual nature of algorithms emerges only in practice through its performative agency enacted within a network of human and non-human actors. In this article, I trace this agency in the everyday practices of the algorithmic system of welfare distribution, namely, the Aadhaar-enabled Public Distribution System (AePDS), through ethnographic fieldwork across three states in India. Conceptualising the AePDS as a programmed welfare system, I unpack its underlying assemblages to show that far from being objective technologies of governance, algorithmic sorting for targeted welfare is enacted in relation to a multitude of human actors, databases, machines, documents and shifting institutional contexts, in ways that are markedly different from its fixed computation properties. This mode of enquiry, I argue, makes the process of algorithmic enactment more transparent and comprehensible, which in turn will aid in better design and governance of such systems.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Living and Working with Giants: A Multispecies Ethnography of the Khamtis and Elephants in Northeast India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lainé, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Publications scientifiques du Muséum, Paris, January 2022.\n Google-Books-ID: qylaEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{laine_living_2022,\n\taddress = {Paris},\n\ttitle = {Living and {Working} with {Giants}: {A} {Multispecies} {Ethnography} of the {Khamtis} and {Elephants} in {Northeast} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9782856539293},\n\tshorttitle = {Living and working with giants},\n\tabstract = {This book proposes a unique and immersive multispecies ethnography of the cooperative interaction between the Khamti and elephants in Northeast India. It is based on extended research fieldwork, which attempts not only to describe how the Khamti establish working relationships with elephants, but also considers the involvement of animals in this joint-venture. Through a step-by-step approach, the book addresses different aspects of the interspecies working unit from the beginning of Khamti-elephant association through to its evolvement at work. Back and forth from village to forest, through rich and meticulous descriptions, Nicolas Lainé brings the reader up close in following the capture of a juvenile forest elephant, documenting its transformation into a village elephant. In this unique way, Lainé shows how the initial human-animal bonds evolve and persist at work as a two-way, reciprocated process. The adopted multi-disciplinary approach allows thinking the human-elephant working unit in terms of intersubjective engagement. In its analysis, Nicolas Lainé took into consideration of the cognitive capacities and corporeal capabilities of humans and elephants, their reciprocal influences, and the representations that arise from specific contexts in which interspecies communication and collaboration is manifest. Hence, the proposition on interspecies labour sheds new light not only with respect to what we know (or we think we know) about animals, but also modifies our idea of domestication. At the workplace, humans and animals not only partake in a common world, but that they produce this world together and transform it through their collaboration. Beyond this, the book shows how the quality of shared living conditions for both animal and human are intrinsically linked. It opens doors to a new approach of species conservation and the realization of a very current and widespread aspiration: that of extending the mutually beneficial modalities of existence of humans and animals in their shared environment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Publications scientifiques du Muséum},\n\tauthor = {Lainé, Nicolas},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: qylaEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Elephant, Multispecies Ethnography, North East India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book proposes a unique and immersive multispecies ethnography of the cooperative interaction between the Khamti and elephants in Northeast India. It is based on extended research fieldwork, which attempts not only to describe how the Khamti establish working relationships with elephants, but also considers the involvement of animals in this joint-venture. Through a step-by-step approach, the book addresses different aspects of the interspecies working unit from the beginning of Khamti-elephant association through to its evolvement at work. Back and forth from village to forest, through rich and meticulous descriptions, Nicolas Lainé brings the reader up close in following the capture of a juvenile forest elephant, documenting its transformation into a village elephant. In this unique way, Lainé shows how the initial human-animal bonds evolve and persist at work as a two-way, reciprocated process. The adopted multi-disciplinary approach allows thinking the human-elephant working unit in terms of intersubjective engagement. In its analysis, Nicolas Lainé took into consideration of the cognitive capacities and corporeal capabilities of humans and elephants, their reciprocal influences, and the representations that arise from specific contexts in which interspecies communication and collaboration is manifest. Hence, the proposition on interspecies labour sheds new light not only with respect to what we know (or we think we know) about animals, but also modifies our idea of domestication. At the workplace, humans and animals not only partake in a common world, but that they produce this world together and transform it through their collaboration. Beyond this, the book shows how the quality of shared living conditions for both animal and human are intrinsically linked. It opens doors to a new approach of species conservation and the realization of a very current and widespread aspiration: that of extending the mutually beneficial modalities of existence of humans and animals in their shared environment.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n “Have a Digital Highway but Also Have Speed Limits”: Exploring Public Resistance to Cell Tower Radiation in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chowdhury, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 42(3): 59–73. October 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chowdhury_have_2022,\n\ttitle = {“{Have} a {Digital} {Highway} but {Also} {Have} {Speed} {Limits}”: {Exploring} {Public} {Resistance} to {Cell} {Tower} {Radiation} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tissn = {0270-4676, 1552-4183},\n\tshorttitle = {“{Have} a {Digital} {Highway} but also have speed limits”},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02704676221111348},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/02704676221111348},\n\tabstract = {Public resistance to environmental and health safety risks from radiations emanating from cell phone towers has been sporadic but spatially and temporally widespread in India. Civic actions have been led by civic activists, resident welfare associations, gram panchayats, lawyers, scientists and even an actor from the Bombay film industry. Large scale technical systems like cell-phone towers are remarkably resilient to public criticism. Industry response to such resistance is usually in the form of aesthetic tinkering to hide structures from public gaze, incremental regulation and science communication to assuage public doubt. The legislature rather than Courts has been more responsive to such civic actions. Courts due to their overreliance on risk discourses have continued to defer to State experts. Faced with incrementalism from formal institutional actors, resistance movements have become localized and used site requirements to stymie such developments. Drawing on Beck's idea of subpolitics, this study explores the disaggregated nature of the resistance movement against cell tower radiation in India. It is based on a multi-sited ethnography based on field research and 35 interviews with activists, journalists, regulators, lawyers, industry representatives, doctors and scientists, conducted between November 2017 to December 2019. Jurisprudential developments, parliamentary committee and scientific reports were also reviewed. Subpolitics as a category has purchase in STS studies because it allows us to focus on the disaggregated nature of affected publics and interrogate public engagement with State institutions and new social expectations and solidarities with reference to technology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-30},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Chowdhury, Nupur},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental crisis, India, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science in Court},\n\tpages = {59--73},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Public resistance to environmental and health safety risks from radiations emanating from cell phone towers has been sporadic but spatially and temporally widespread in India. Civic actions have been led by civic activists, resident welfare associations, gram panchayats, lawyers, scientists and even an actor from the Bombay film industry. Large scale technical systems like cell-phone towers are remarkably resilient to public criticism. Industry response to such resistance is usually in the form of aesthetic tinkering to hide structures from public gaze, incremental regulation and science communication to assuage public doubt. The legislature rather than Courts has been more responsive to such civic actions. Courts due to their overreliance on risk discourses have continued to defer to State experts. Faced with incrementalism from formal institutional actors, resistance movements have become localized and used site requirements to stymie such developments. Drawing on Beck's idea of subpolitics, this study explores the disaggregated nature of the resistance movement against cell tower radiation in India. It is based on a multi-sited ethnography based on field research and 35 interviews with activists, journalists, regulators, lawyers, industry representatives, doctors and scientists, conducted between November 2017 to December 2019. Jurisprudential developments, parliamentary committee and scientific reports were also reviewed. Subpolitics as a category has purchase in STS studies because it allows us to focus on the disaggregated nature of affected publics and interrogate public engagement with State institutions and new social expectations and solidarities with reference to technology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Grassroots Innovations and Sustainable Energy Use in Urban Contexts: Case Studies from India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, H.; and Sharma, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 14(3): 529–546. January 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_grassroots_2022,\n\ttitle = {Grassroots {Innovations} and {Sustainable} {Energy} {Use} in {Urban} {Contexts}: {Case} {Studies} from {India}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {2053-4620},\n\tshorttitle = {Grassroots innovations and sustainable energy use in urban contexts},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-03-2021-0042},\n\tdoi = {10.1108/JSTPM-03-2021-0042},\n\tabstract = {Purpose: Grassroots innovations, developed by local people using locally available resources, have shown the potential to provide low-cost technological solutions to the problems faced by underserved consumers in the global south. This paper aims to link the concept of grassroots innovations to energy use in the context of India. \nDesign/methodology/approach: The paper takes three case studies from the list of technologies scouted and nurtured by the National Innovation Foundation to critically discuss the potential of grassroots innovations for the dissemination and diffusion of urban sustainable energy uses. The data for this study has been collected from various secondary sources. It discusses the opportunities and challenges in promoting grassroots innovations for sustainable energy uses in urban settings. Findings The paper discusses the opportunities and challenges in promoting grassroots innovations for sustainable energy uses in urban settings. Originality/value Although the concept and understanding of grassroots innovations have well developed, its linkages with sustainable energy use in urban settings have received scarce or no attention in the literature.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Hemant and Sharma, Gautam},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {India, Innovation studies, Sustainable Development},\n\tpages = {529--546},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Purpose: Grassroots innovations, developed by local people using locally available resources, have shown the potential to provide low-cost technological solutions to the problems faced by underserved consumers in the global south. This paper aims to link the concept of grassroots innovations to energy use in the context of India. Design/methodology/approach: The paper takes three case studies from the list of technologies scouted and nurtured by the National Innovation Foundation to critically discuss the potential of grassroots innovations for the dissemination and diffusion of urban sustainable energy uses. The data for this study has been collected from various secondary sources. It discusses the opportunities and challenges in promoting grassroots innovations for sustainable energy uses in urban settings. Findings The paper discusses the opportunities and challenges in promoting grassroots innovations for sustainable energy uses in urban settings. Originality/value Although the concept and understanding of grassroots innovations have well developed, its linkages with sustainable energy use in urban settings have received scarce or no attention in the literature.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Western and Traditional Medicine in India, Myanmar and Thailand.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cohen, P. T.; Chris, L.; and Phatcharanuruk, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 37(2): 262–289. July 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{cohen_western_2022,\n\ttitle = {Western and {Traditional} {Medicine} in {India}, {Myanmar} and {Thailand}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tabstract = {Scientific medicine has been inextricably linked to the development of modern state governmentality, ensuring its hegemony in the West and regions colonized by Western powers. In this context, we examine the historical and contested relationship between biomedicine and traditional medicine in three Asian countries—India, Myanmar and Thailand. We argue that selective regulation of a narrowly defined ‘traditional medicine’ subordinates other forms of traditional healing that are incompatible with scientific paradigms and associated metrics of accreditation. Yet, these marginalized forms of ‘folk healing’ that emphasize spiritual dimensions of health increasingly assist with contemporary mental health problems arising from rapid capitalist development.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia},\n\tauthor = {Cohen, Paul T. and Chris, Lyttleton and Phatcharanuruk, Thapin},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Comparative Analysis, Folk Medicine, Governmentality, Healing, India, Mental Health, Myanmar, Thailand, Traditional Medicine},\n\tpages = {262--289},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Scientific medicine has been inextricably linked to the development of modern state governmentality, ensuring its hegemony in the West and regions colonized by Western powers. In this context, we examine the historical and contested relationship between biomedicine and traditional medicine in three Asian countries—India, Myanmar and Thailand. We argue that selective regulation of a narrowly defined ‘traditional medicine’ subordinates other forms of traditional healing that are incompatible with scientific paradigms and associated metrics of accreditation. Yet, these marginalized forms of ‘folk healing’ that emphasize spiritual dimensions of health increasingly assist with contemporary mental health problems arising from rapid capitalist development.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Shastri and the Air-pump: Experimental Fictions and Fictions of Experiment for Hindi Readers in Colonial North India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Singh, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History of Science, 60(2): 232–254. June 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{singh_shastri_2022,\n\ttitle = {The {Shastri} and the {Air}-pump: {Experimental} {Fictions} and {Fictions} of {Experiment} for {Hindi} {Readers} in {Colonial} {North} {India}},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tissn = {0073-2753, 1753-8564},\n\tshorttitle = {The shastri and the air-pump},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0073275320987421},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0073275320987421},\n\tabstract = {In the early twentieth century, the vernacular science periodical emerged as a key medium for building science-literate publics in colonial South Asia. This article argues that the Hindi science monthly Vigyan became a discursive laboratory for experiments with language, literary genres, narrative plots, and settings to create culturally grounded science lessons for Hindi readers in the mid-1910s. I focus on the writings of Prem Vallabh Joshi, a pandit, science graduate, and small town teacher, who experimented with distinct literary genres to create a sensibility for science – an experimental temper – amongst Vigyan’s readers. Through his strategic use of scientific experiments in the “history of” a particular branch of knowledge, detective mysteries, and the genre of the fictionalized dialogue, Joshi inducted colonial readers into experimental culture and global scientific modernity. As a reflexive participant in the ongoing confrontation between “Western” science and Hindu śāstra in colonial society, Joshi staged a fictional encounter between the experimental demonstration of the iconic air-pump and the textual authority of śāstra. This article examines the encounter between sastric commitments and scientific sensibilities and their conjoined mobilization in Vigyan in the era of linguistic nationalism. In this colonial vernacular publishing culture, the serial possibilities of the periodical and the history of science itself became critical resources in the ontological confrontations between experimental science and traditional authority.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Singh, Charu},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Hindi, North India, Science Magazines, Tradition},\n\tpages = {232--254},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the early twentieth century, the vernacular science periodical emerged as a key medium for building science-literate publics in colonial South Asia. This article argues that the Hindi science monthly Vigyan became a discursive laboratory for experiments with language, literary genres, narrative plots, and settings to create culturally grounded science lessons for Hindi readers in the mid-1910s. I focus on the writings of Prem Vallabh Joshi, a pandit, science graduate, and small town teacher, who experimented with distinct literary genres to create a sensibility for science – an experimental temper – amongst Vigyan’s readers. Through his strategic use of scientific experiments in the “history of” a particular branch of knowledge, detective mysteries, and the genre of the fictionalized dialogue, Joshi inducted colonial readers into experimental culture and global scientific modernity. As a reflexive participant in the ongoing confrontation between “Western” science and Hindu śāstra in colonial society, Joshi staged a fictional encounter between the experimental demonstration of the iconic air-pump and the textual authority of śāstra. This article examines the encounter between sastric commitments and scientific sensibilities and their conjoined mobilization in Vigyan in the era of linguistic nationalism. In this colonial vernacular publishing culture, the serial possibilities of the periodical and the history of science itself became critical resources in the ontological confrontations between experimental science and traditional authority.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Special Issue: Indigenous knowledges and colonial sciences in South Asia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Menon, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Asian History and Culture, 13(1): 1–155. January 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{menon_special_2022,\n\ttitle = {Special {Issue}: {Indigenous} knowledges and colonial sciences in {South} {Asia}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1947-2498, 1947-2501},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19472498.2021.2001198},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/19472498.2021.2001198},\n\tabstract = {What do we mean when we use the category ‘indigenous knowledges’? What do we mean when we speak of ‘colonial sciences’? This Introduction briefly examines these questions in order to provide a context for the collection of articles presented in this issue on the making of the sciences in colonial South Asia. In doing so, it also addresses related questions: The translation of terms – does the Sanskrit word śāstra correspond to the English science? If not, what does each word mean? And the differences that arise when categories move across disciplines – development studies scholars use the term indigenous knowledges for the knowledge-forms of the original inhabitants of a territory; historians of South Asia and historians of science use it to refer to older forms of knowledge lost to colonial rule.\n\nThe contributors represent very different disciplines – anthropology, history, history of science and Indology; and bring a variety of methodological approaches to the questions they address. They cover a chronological span stretching from the eighteenth to the twenty-first centuries, and address different subjects: the use of technical vocabulary in Sanskrit mathematical astronomy, astrology at universities in Banaras, the making of the Hindi Scientific Glossary, botanical knowledge-making in East India Company India, the philological practices of Vaidyas in Bengal, and Ayurvedic pedagogy in today’s Kerala. A common thread joining the essays appears in the role played by philology in practices as different as the naming of plants, the making of procedural medical knowledge in a gurukula, and the editing of Ayurvedic texts in the context of an expanding print culture in nineteenth-century Bengal.\n[INTRODUCTION to the special issue on Indigenous Knowledges and Colonial Sciences in South Asia]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-28},\n\tjournal = {South Asian History and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Menon, Minakshi},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Banaras, Hindi, Kerala, Scientific Practice, South Asia, Special Issue},\n\tpages = {1--155},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n What do we mean when we use the category ‘indigenous knowledges’? What do we mean when we speak of ‘colonial sciences’? This Introduction briefly examines these questions in order to provide a context for the collection of articles presented in this issue on the making of the sciences in colonial South Asia. In doing so, it also addresses related questions: The translation of terms – does the Sanskrit word śāstra correspond to the English science? If not, what does each word mean? And the differences that arise when categories move across disciplines – development studies scholars use the term indigenous knowledges for the knowledge-forms of the original inhabitants of a territory; historians of South Asia and historians of science use it to refer to older forms of knowledge lost to colonial rule. The contributors represent very different disciplines – anthropology, history, history of science and Indology; and bring a variety of methodological approaches to the questions they address. They cover a chronological span stretching from the eighteenth to the twenty-first centuries, and address different subjects: the use of technical vocabulary in Sanskrit mathematical astronomy, astrology at universities in Banaras, the making of the Hindi Scientific Glossary, botanical knowledge-making in East India Company India, the philological practices of Vaidyas in Bengal, and Ayurvedic pedagogy in today’s Kerala. A common thread joining the essays appears in the role played by philology in practices as different as the naming of plants, the making of procedural medical knowledge in a gurukula, and the editing of Ayurvedic texts in the context of an expanding print culture in nineteenth-century Bengal. [INTRODUCTION to the special issue on Indigenous Knowledges and Colonial Sciences in South Asia]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Disciplines and Movements: Conversations Between India and the German-speaking World.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Harder, H.; and Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient BlackSwan, Hyderabad, 2022.\n Google-Books-ID: rsr8zgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{harder_disciplines_2022,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {Disciplines and {Movements}: {Conversations} {Between} {India} and the {German}-speaking {World}},\n\tisbn = {9789354421808},\n\tshorttitle = {Disciplines and {Movements}},\n\tabstract = {In India, the modern university as a teaching and examining body was set up as an instrument of colonial governmentality in the late nineteenth century. At that time, while many disciplines were still fluid, there was a distinct movement towards the institutionalisation of disciplinary identities in South Asia. Disciplines and Movements studies this historical period till a little after the end of colonialism in India through an exploration of a set of conversations and transnational encounters between Indian and German-speaking intellectuals and academicians at this time. These academics include such important names as Albert Einstein, Girindrasekhar Bose, Sigmund Freud, Swami Vivekananda, and Rabindranath Tagore. These discussions and conversations shaped the contours of disciplines such as psychology and sociology, and of course, in a different way, Indology. Moving away from the customary binary of Eastern and Western knowledge forms, the chapters show how these exchanges helped to shape and define the identity of the modern sciences and social sciences. Coming from a wide range of disciplines, the chapter authors highlight little-known, yet key aspects of these encounters: the critical role of translation in facilitating and, at times, distorting flows of knowledge; exchanges between Indian and German/Austrian scientists between the two World Wars; German disciplinary engagements with India in the fields of sociology, psychology, and media theory; and the extent and nature of the closeness of Indian and German thought in relation to fascism and National Socialism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient BlackSwan},\n\tauthor = {Harder, Hans and Raina, Dhruv},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: rsr8zgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Comparative Analysis, Cosmopolitanism, Disciplines, Germany, Intellectual History, Social History of Knowledge, Tagore, Rabindranath, Vivekananda, Swami},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In India, the modern university as a teaching and examining body was set up as an instrument of colonial governmentality in the late nineteenth century. At that time, while many disciplines were still fluid, there was a distinct movement towards the institutionalisation of disciplinary identities in South Asia. Disciplines and Movements studies this historical period till a little after the end of colonialism in India through an exploration of a set of conversations and transnational encounters between Indian and German-speaking intellectuals and academicians at this time. These academics include such important names as Albert Einstein, Girindrasekhar Bose, Sigmund Freud, Swami Vivekananda, and Rabindranath Tagore. These discussions and conversations shaped the contours of disciplines such as psychology and sociology, and of course, in a different way, Indology. Moving away from the customary binary of Eastern and Western knowledge forms, the chapters show how these exchanges helped to shape and define the identity of the modern sciences and social sciences. Coming from a wide range of disciplines, the chapter authors highlight little-known, yet key aspects of these encounters: the critical role of translation in facilitating and, at times, distorting flows of knowledge; exchanges between Indian and German/Austrian scientists between the two World Wars; German disciplinary engagements with India in the fields of sociology, psychology, and media theory; and the extent and nature of the closeness of Indian and German thought in relation to fascism and National Socialism.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gendered Parenting and Returns from Children in Contemporary India: A Study of IIT Students and their Parents.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kaur, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Sociology, 70(4): 578–597. July 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kaur_gendered_2022,\n\ttitle = {Gendered {Parenting} and {Returns} from {Children} in {Contemporary} {India}: {A} {Study} of {IIT} {Students} and their {Parents}},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0011-3921, 1461-7064},\n\tshorttitle = {Gendered parenting and returns from children in contemporary {India}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0011392121990022},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0011392121990022},\n\tabstract = {This article seeks to understand the modern-day value of children to middle class Indian parents. It examines parental strategies aimed at raising successful children by providing them with the best education possible. These strategies, involving ‘concerted cultivation’ and gendered ‘educational labour’, are analysed in relation to schooling and preparation for a highly competitive national entrance exam, for admission to an elite engineering college in the country. Describing and analysing the classed and gendered nature of these strategies, the article explores the shifting nature of returns that middle class parents expect from their grown children. As the article shows, gendered burdens and class location of parents are crucial in shaping the value of children. Mothers across class contribute disproportionately to children’s educational training and highly educated mothers are withdrawn from the labour market to immerse themselves in educational labour. Ironically, educated mothers’ own educational inputs remain invisible even to themselves, resulting from an acceptance of culturally constructed norms around the gendered division of labour. Family strategies are oriented towards aspirations of upward social mobility, a return that parents seek to derive from educationally and professionally successful children.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-06-05},\n\tjournal = {Current Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Kaur, Ravinder},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {IITs, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {578--597},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article seeks to understand the modern-day value of children to middle class Indian parents. It examines parental strategies aimed at raising successful children by providing them with the best education possible. These strategies, involving ‘concerted cultivation’ and gendered ‘educational labour’, are analysed in relation to schooling and preparation for a highly competitive national entrance exam, for admission to an elite engineering college in the country. Describing and analysing the classed and gendered nature of these strategies, the article explores the shifting nature of returns that middle class parents expect from their grown children. As the article shows, gendered burdens and class location of parents are crucial in shaping the value of children. Mothers across class contribute disproportionately to children’s educational training and highly educated mothers are withdrawn from the labour market to immerse themselves in educational labour. Ironically, educated mothers’ own educational inputs remain invisible even to themselves, resulting from an acceptance of culturally constructed norms around the gendered division of labour. Family strategies are oriented towards aspirations of upward social mobility, a return that parents seek to derive from educationally and professionally successful children.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Examining the Discourse on Waste in School Education from the Standpoint of Marginalized Communities in Mumbai.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Srivastava, H.; Gupta, A.; and Raveendran, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cultural Studies of Science Education, 17(2): 301–330. June 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{srivastava_examining_2022,\n\ttitle = {Examining the {Discourse} on {Waste} in {School} {Education} from the {Standpoint} of {Marginalized} {Communities} in {Mumbai}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1871-1510},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-021-10049-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11422-021-10049-5},\n\tabstract = {The M(East) ward of Mumbai is home to one of Asia’s largest open landfill sites. Waste, therefore, is a source of livelihood for millions of people living in the vicinity of this landfill site. In this article, we analyze the educational discourse on waste in the schools of the M(East) ward to understand how it is positioned with respect to the concerns, experiences, and out-of-school knowledge of the students of that community. We employ a critical discourse analysis framework to examine the textbook chapter on waste, classroom teaching practices, and participant teachers’ interviews. The educational discourse is read against the data from focus group discussions with students in out-of-school settings. Our analysis reveals that the curriculum approaches the topic of waste in a reductionist manner with a focus on “scientific” management of waste, while connections between the generation of waste, consumerism, and the nature of economic growth are sidelined. The curriculum and teachers’ discourse exhibits a class and caste character when they emphasize the aesthetic effects of waste management and certain kinds of proenvironmental behaviors and actions. It remains silent about the immense contribution of sanitation work to easing the environmental burden. The teachers’ efforts to contextualize the subject matter and connect to students’ life worlds are also limited. The out-of-school interactions with the students reveal a rich understanding of the recycling economy and, when provided with the opportunities, the resourcefulness to critically evaluate their living conditions. Finally, drawing on scholarship that discusses environmentalism and critical pedagogy in the Indian subcontinent, we envisage possibilities for transformative science education for the students of the M(East) ward.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Cultural Studies of Science Education},\n\tauthor = {Srivastava, Himanshu and Gupta, Ankush and Raveendran, Aswathy},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Critical discourse analysis, Environmental education, India, Social justice, Transformative science education, Waste},\n\tpages = {301--330},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The M(East) ward of Mumbai is home to one of Asia’s largest open landfill sites. Waste, therefore, is a source of livelihood for millions of people living in the vicinity of this landfill site. In this article, we analyze the educational discourse on waste in the schools of the M(East) ward to understand how it is positioned with respect to the concerns, experiences, and out-of-school knowledge of the students of that community. We employ a critical discourse analysis framework to examine the textbook chapter on waste, classroom teaching practices, and participant teachers’ interviews. The educational discourse is read against the data from focus group discussions with students in out-of-school settings. Our analysis reveals that the curriculum approaches the topic of waste in a reductionist manner with a focus on “scientific” management of waste, while connections between the generation of waste, consumerism, and the nature of economic growth are sidelined. The curriculum and teachers’ discourse exhibits a class and caste character when they emphasize the aesthetic effects of waste management and certain kinds of proenvironmental behaviors and actions. It remains silent about the immense contribution of sanitation work to easing the environmental burden. The teachers’ efforts to contextualize the subject matter and connect to students’ life worlds are also limited. The out-of-school interactions with the students reveal a rich understanding of the recycling economy and, when provided with the opportunities, the resourcefulness to critically evaluate their living conditions. Finally, drawing on scholarship that discusses environmentalism and critical pedagogy in the Indian subcontinent, we envisage possibilities for transformative science education for the students of the M(East) ward.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n First Steps: Citizen Science in Ecology in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sekhsaria, P.; and Thayyil, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DST Centre for Policy Research, IIT Delhi, 2022.\n Google-Books-ID: wxiNzwEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sekhsaria_first_2022,\n\ttitle = {First {Steps}: {Citizen} {Science} in {Ecology} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788195543816},\n\tshorttitle = {First {Steps}},\n\tabstract = {Based on research conducted over a year and a half, First Steps is the first account of its kind that documents, maps and analyses the rapidly growing field of Citizen Science in ecology in India. Located within the broad academic fields of ‘Science and Technology Studies’ and the ‘Sociology of Knowledge’, it is a 2nd order study that engages with the assumptions, conceptualisations, methods and the institutions that constitute Citizen Science projects in India. It presents important elements of what has happened in recent times through a study of 17 such projects and sets the stage for what might be expected in the years to come.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {DST Centre for Policy Research, IIT Delhi},\n\tauthor = {Sekhsaria, Pankaj and Thayyil, Naveen},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: wxiNzwEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Citizen science, Ecology, India, Sociology of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Based on research conducted over a year and a half, First Steps is the first account of its kind that documents, maps and analyses the rapidly growing field of Citizen Science in ecology in India. Located within the broad academic fields of ‘Science and Technology Studies’ and the ‘Sociology of Knowledge’, it is a 2nd order study that engages with the assumptions, conceptualisations, methods and the institutions that constitute Citizen Science projects in India. It presents important elements of what has happened in recent times through a study of 17 such projects and sets the stage for what might be expected in the years to come.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Socio-Economic Environment and Motivation to Innovate: Exploring Grassroots Innovations Process in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, H.; and Namrata\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology Analysis & Strategic Management,1–14. June 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_socio-economic_2022,\n\ttitle = {Socio-{Economic} {Environment} and {Motivation} to {Innovate}: {Exploring} {Grassroots} {Innovations} {Process} in {India}},\n\tissn = {0953-7325, 1465-3990},\n\tshorttitle = {Socio-economic environment and motivation to innovate},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09537325.2022.2088345},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/09537325.2022.2088345},\n\tabstract = {Innovations in the formal sector are by and large motivated by extrinsic rewards. However, such motives are not explored much in the informal sector innovations. Using effectance motivation theories, some previous research on grassroot innovators in India has found that much of these innovations are initially driven by ‘intrinsic motivations’, while the motivations shift to extrinsic factors during the innovation process. Thus, the primary objective of the paper is to understand the nature and determinants of grassroot innovators’ motivations and their shifts, using econometric modelling. This research is exploratory in nature and based on primary data. It first identifies a set of socio-economic, demographic and psychological factors, which drive grassroot innovations in India. Furthermore, it explores how these factors explain the shifts in motivations from ‘intrinsic’ to ‘extrinsic’ in the course of the innovation process. The empirical results show that the socio-economic factors of innovators affect the grassroots innovation process significantly. Their effect on motivation varies at different stages of innovation. To the extent, roughly speaking, ‘intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’ motivations draw parallel with ‘pro-social’ and ‘pro-market’ motivations, respectively. These results may contribute to the growing body of policy research on the informal sector innovations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Technology Analysis \\& Strategic Management},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Hemant and {Namrata}},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {India, Informal sector, Innovation studies},\n\tpages = {1--14},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Innovations in the formal sector are by and large motivated by extrinsic rewards. However, such motives are not explored much in the informal sector innovations. Using effectance motivation theories, some previous research on grassroot innovators in India has found that much of these innovations are initially driven by ‘intrinsic motivations’, while the motivations shift to extrinsic factors during the innovation process. Thus, the primary objective of the paper is to understand the nature and determinants of grassroot innovators’ motivations and their shifts, using econometric modelling. This research is exploratory in nature and based on primary data. It first identifies a set of socio-economic, demographic and psychological factors, which drive grassroot innovations in India. Furthermore, it explores how these factors explain the shifts in motivations from ‘intrinsic’ to ‘extrinsic’ in the course of the innovation process. The empirical results show that the socio-economic factors of innovators affect the grassroots innovation process significantly. Their effect on motivation varies at different stages of innovation. To the extent, roughly speaking, ‘intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’ motivations draw parallel with ‘pro-social’ and ‘pro-market’ motivations, respectively. These results may contribute to the growing body of policy research on the informal sector innovations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vernacular Languages and Invisible Labor in Ṭibb.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hamza, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 37: 115–138. June 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{hamza_vernacular_2022,\n\ttitle = {Vernacular {Languages} and {Invisible} {Labor} in Ṭibb},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/719223},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/719223},\n\tabstract = {Glossaries providing the names of materia medica across languages are ubiquitous in medical manuscripts composed in the Islamic world. These anonymous medical glossaries were produced by physicians who sought out regional names for materia medica from nonliterate people, verifying them for local use in a process called taḥqīq. In early modern South Asia, glossary entries were Arabic or Persian terms, while translations were offered in Persian, Hindavi, or other vernacular Indian languages. Translation was a dynamic process, demonstrating the continuous use of multiple languages in ṭibb, or learned medicine, not often acknowledged by historians of science in Islam. I focus on four glossaries accompanying a Persian medical text composed by Shihāb Nāgaurī in 1388 in Western India. While affirming the hierarchy of certain languages over others, the glossaries offer us a glimpse into how the experiential knowledge of nonliterate people constituted ṭibb.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-14},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Hamza, Shireen},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {14th Centrury, Glossary, Islam \\& Science, Islam/Muslim, Islamic Medicine, Materia Medica, Medical Texts, Persian Texts, Shihāb Nāgaurī, Social History of Medicine, Translation, Western India},\n\tpages = {115--138},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Glossaries providing the names of materia medica across languages are ubiquitous in medical manuscripts composed in the Islamic world. These anonymous medical glossaries were produced by physicians who sought out regional names for materia medica from nonliterate people, verifying them for local use in a process called taḥqīq. In early modern South Asia, glossary entries were Arabic or Persian terms, while translations were offered in Persian, Hindavi, or other vernacular Indian languages. Translation was a dynamic process, demonstrating the continuous use of multiple languages in ṭibb, or learned medicine, not often acknowledged by historians of science in Islam. I focus on four glossaries accompanying a Persian medical text composed by Shihāb Nāgaurī in 1388 in Western India. While affirming the hierarchy of certain languages over others, the glossaries offer us a glimpse into how the experiential knowledge of nonliterate people constituted ṭibb.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Casting Blood Circulations: Translatability and Braiding Sciences in Colonial Bengal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 37: 192–210. June 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_casting_2022,\n\ttitle = {Casting {Blood} {Circulations}: {Translatability} and {Braiding} {Sciences} in {Colonial} {Bengal}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {Casting {Blood} {Circulations}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/719226},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/719226},\n\tabstract = {In this article I examine three Bengali translations of texts about blood circulation from the last decade and a half of the nineteenth century. Through a close examination of these three translations, I demonstrate the importance of what Antonio Gramsci called “translatability” and what I have elsewhere called “braided sciences.” Taken together, these two heuristic devices demonstrate a relationship between social hierarchies and translation, on the one hand, and a selective alignment of various strands of epistemic, technological, and narrative traditions on the other. One of the principal objectives of the article is to recenter the importance of caste and social hierarchy in understanding colonial knowledge production.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-14},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, British India, Caste, Colonial Medicine, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social Hierarchy, Social History of Medicine, Translation},\n\tpages = {192--210},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this article I examine three Bengali translations of texts about blood circulation from the last decade and a half of the nineteenth century. Through a close examination of these three translations, I demonstrate the importance of what Antonio Gramsci called “translatability” and what I have elsewhere called “braided sciences.” Taken together, these two heuristic devices demonstrate a relationship between social hierarchies and translation, on the one hand, and a selective alignment of various strands of epistemic, technological, and narrative traditions on the other. One of the principal objectives of the article is to recenter the importance of caste and social hierarchy in understanding colonial knowledge production.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Practice of Texts: Education and Healing in South India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cerulli, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of California Press, California, March 2022.\n Google-Books-ID: TbdYEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{cerulli_practice_2022,\n\taddress = {California},\n\ttitle = {The {Practice} of {Texts}: {Education} and {Healing} in {South} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780520383548},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Practice} of {Texts}},\n\tabstract = {The Practice of Texts examines the uses of the Sanskrit medical classics in two educational institutions of India’s classical life science, Ayurveda: the college and the gurukula. In this interdisciplinary study, Anthony Cerulli probes late- and postcolonial reforms in ayurvedic education, the development of the ayurvedic college, and the impacts of the college curriculum on ways that ayurvedic physicians understand and use the Sanskrit classics in their professional work today. His fieldwork in south India illuminates the nature of philology and ritual in the ayurvedic gurukula and showcases how knowledge is exchanged among students, teachers, and patients. The result, Cerulli shows, is that the Sanskrit classics are presented and applied differently in the college and gurukula, producing a variety of relationships with these texts among practitioners. By interrogating the politics surrounding the place of the Sanskrit classics in ayurvedic curricula, this book reveals a spectrum of views about the history and tradition of Ayurveda in modern India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of California Press},\n\tauthor = {Cerulli, Anthony},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: TbdYEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, British India, Medical education, Sanskrit Texts, Science Education, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Traditional Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Practice of Texts examines the uses of the Sanskrit medical classics in two educational institutions of India’s classical life science, Ayurveda: the college and the gurukula. In this interdisciplinary study, Anthony Cerulli probes late- and postcolonial reforms in ayurvedic education, the development of the ayurvedic college, and the impacts of the college curriculum on ways that ayurvedic physicians understand and use the Sanskrit classics in their professional work today. His fieldwork in south India illuminates the nature of philology and ritual in the ayurvedic gurukula and showcases how knowledge is exchanged among students, teachers, and patients. The result, Cerulli shows, is that the Sanskrit classics are presented and applied differently in the college and gurukula, producing a variety of relationships with these texts among practitioners. By interrogating the politics surrounding the place of the Sanskrit classics in ayurvedic curricula, this book reveals a spectrum of views about the history and tradition of Ayurveda in modern India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science in the Vernacular? Translation, Terminology and Lexicography in the Hindi Scientific Glossary (1906).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Singh, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Asian History and Culture, 13(1): 63–86. January 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{singh_science_2022,\n\ttitle = {Science in the {Vernacular}? {Translation}, {Terminology} and {Lexicography} in the {Hindi} {Scientific} {Glossary} (1906)},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1947-2498, 1947-2501},\n\tshorttitle = {Science in the vernacular?},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19472498.2021.2001200},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/19472498.2021.2001200},\n\tabstract = {Vernacular languages have served as media of science education in colonial and postcolonial South Asia, but how was modern scientific knowledge translated into these languages and made available for non-English reading publics? This article draws attention to the overlooked genre of the glossary of technical terminology, conceived as the source list of the very words needed for vernacular scientific discourse. Focusing on the Nagari Pracharini Sabha’s Hindi Scientific Glossary (HSG, 1906), I analyse the linguistic, epistemic and political strategies by which technical terms and chemical nomenclature were rendered meaningful and authoritative for the Hindi science learner. The making of the HSG exemplifies the tensions of crafting authoritative equivalences faced by Indian language activists in a colonial episteme. Situating the glossary in its colonial genealogy and within a multilingual imaginary of science translation and language activism, this article demonstrates the inter-vernacular resonance and quest for lexicographic authority in Indian projects of terminology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {South Asian History and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Singh, Charu},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Domestication of science, Hindi, Nagari Pracharini Sabha, Social History of Science, Technical education, Terminology, Translation},\n\tpages = {63--86},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Vernacular languages have served as media of science education in colonial and postcolonial South Asia, but how was modern scientific knowledge translated into these languages and made available for non-English reading publics? This article draws attention to the overlooked genre of the glossary of technical terminology, conceived as the source list of the very words needed for vernacular scientific discourse. Focusing on the Nagari Pracharini Sabha’s Hindi Scientific Glossary (HSG, 1906), I analyse the linguistic, epistemic and political strategies by which technical terms and chemical nomenclature were rendered meaningful and authoritative for the Hindi science learner. The making of the HSG exemplifies the tensions of crafting authoritative equivalences faced by Indian language activists in a colonial episteme. Situating the glossary in its colonial genealogy and within a multilingual imaginary of science translation and language activism, this article demonstrates the inter-vernacular resonance and quest for lexicographic authority in Indian projects of terminology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Three analyses of Banu Subramaniam's Holy Science: The Biopolitics of Hindu Nationalism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kar, S.; Shaik Ali, M.; and Urquiza-Haas, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 5(1): 2031564. December 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kar_three_2022,\n\ttitle = {Three analyses of {Banu} {Subramaniam}'s {Holy} {Science}: {The} {Biopolitics} of {Hindu} {Nationalism}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2572-9861},\n\tshorttitle = {Three analyses of {Banu} {Subramaniam}'s {\\textless}i{\\textgreater}{Holy} {Science}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25729861.2022.2031564},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/25729861.2022.2031564},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-07},\n\tjournal = {Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Kar, Souvik and Shaik Ali, Misria and Urquiza-Haas, Nayeli},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Banu Subramaniam, Biopolitics, Cultural Studies of S\\&T, India, Review Essay, Science and Religion},\n\tpages = {2031564},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Technology in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mohan, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, London, October 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{mohan_science_2022,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Technology} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781003332206},\n\tabstract = {This book is a significant contribution to the socio-political history of science and technology in India, combining a wholistic perspective with a strong regional flavour.\nIt revolves around two basic issues. First is the role of science and technology in empire-building in Asia, specifically in India, and financing its maintenance through maximum exploitation of its human, natural, agricultural and other resources by launching and executing a number of exploratory projects, termed as ‘field sciences’. Such an imperial focus was undergirded by a crucial objective; the acquisition of hegemony through social control based on intimate knowledge of horizontal and vertical divisions in lndian society around the axes of religion and caste. Formalised as colonial ethnography by the administrators, it was institutionalised as a discipline in the British universities. Second concerns the decoding of the complex response of the Indian intelligentsia including the English-educated as well as the experts and advocates of classical and regional languages which were the key to indigenous knowledge in indigenous sciences, arts and literature.\nThe book also discusses the innovative use of print technology by Arya Samaj in recasting Hindu consciousness and its alternative of seeking historical guidelines in the past.},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Mohan, Kamlesh},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781003332206},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This book is a significant contribution to the socio-political history of science and technology in India, combining a wholistic perspective with a strong regional flavour. It revolves around two basic issues. First is the role of science and technology in empire-building in Asia, specifically in India, and financing its maintenance through maximum exploitation of its human, natural, agricultural and other resources by launching and executing a number of exploratory projects, termed as ‘field sciences’. Such an imperial focus was undergirded by a crucial objective; the acquisition of hegemony through social control based on intimate knowledge of horizontal and vertical divisions in lndian society around the axes of religion and caste. Formalised as colonial ethnography by the administrators, it was institutionalised as a discipline in the British universities. Second concerns the decoding of the complex response of the Indian intelligentsia including the English-educated as well as the experts and advocates of classical and regional languages which were the key to indigenous knowledge in indigenous sciences, arts and literature. The book also discusses the innovative use of print technology by Arya Samaj in recasting Hindu consciousness and its alternative of seeking historical guidelines in the past.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The History and Philosophy of Science: An Indian Perspective.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhattacharya, N.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, London, December 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bhattacharya_history_2022,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {The {History} and {Philosophy} of {Science}: {An} {Indian} {Perspective}},\n\tisbn = {9781003033448},\n\tshorttitle = {The {History} and {Philosophy} of {Science}},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003033448/history-philosophy-science-nandan-bhattacharya?refId=93c1a348-725b-4ab2-ab15-0328f513de91&context=ubx},\n\tabstract = {This book provides an in-depth analysis of the history and evolution of the major disciplines of science, which include the basic sciences, bioscience, natural sciences and medical science, with special emphasis on the Indian perspective. While academic interest shown in the history and philosophy of science dates back to several centuries, serious scholarship on how the sciences and the society interact and influence each other can only be dated back to the twentieth century. This volume explores the ethical and moral issues related to social values, along with the controversies that arise in relation to the discourse of science from the philosophical perspectives.\nThe book sheds light on themes that have proved to have a significant and overwhelming influence on present-day civilisation. It takes the reader through a journey, on how the sciences have developed and have been discussed, to explore key themes like the colonial influences on science; how key scientific ideas have developed from Aristotle to Newton; history of ancient Indian mathematics; agency, representation, deviance with regard to the human body in science; bioethics; mental health, psychology and the sciences; setting up of the first teaching departments for subjects such as medicine, ecology and physiology in India; recent research in chemical technology; and even the legacy of ancient Indian scientific discoveries.\nA part of the Contemporary Issues in Social Science Research series, this interdisciplinary work will be of immense interest to scholars and researchers of philosophy, modern history, sociology of medicine, physical sciences, bioscience, chemistry and medical sciences. It will be of interest to the general reader also.},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Bhattacharya, Nandan},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781003033448},\n\tkeywords = {History and Philosophy of Science, India, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book provides an in-depth analysis of the history and evolution of the major disciplines of science, which include the basic sciences, bioscience, natural sciences and medical science, with special emphasis on the Indian perspective. While academic interest shown in the history and philosophy of science dates back to several centuries, serious scholarship on how the sciences and the society interact and influence each other can only be dated back to the twentieth century. This volume explores the ethical and moral issues related to social values, along with the controversies that arise in relation to the discourse of science from the philosophical perspectives. The book sheds light on themes that have proved to have a significant and overwhelming influence on present-day civilisation. It takes the reader through a journey, on how the sciences have developed and have been discussed, to explore key themes like the colonial influences on science; how key scientific ideas have developed from Aristotle to Newton; history of ancient Indian mathematics; agency, representation, deviance with regard to the human body in science; bioethics; mental health, psychology and the sciences; setting up of the first teaching departments for subjects such as medicine, ecology and physiology in India; recent research in chemical technology; and even the legacy of ancient Indian scientific discoveries. A part of the Contemporary Issues in Social Science Research series, this interdisciplinary work will be of immense interest to scholars and researchers of philosophy, modern history, sociology of medicine, physical sciences, bioscience, chemistry and medical sciences. It will be of interest to the general reader also.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science Journalism in Hindi in Pre-independence India: A Study of Hindi Periodicals.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Baksi, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 59(1): 95–117. January 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{baksi_science_2022,\n\ttitle = {Science {Journalism} in {Hindi} in {Pre}-independence {India}: {A} {Study} of {Hindi} {Periodicals}},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\tshorttitle = {Science journalism in {Hindi} in pre-independence {India}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00194646211064586},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/00194646211064586},\n\tabstract = {Science journalism in Hindi originated in the late nineteenth century. Hindi literary periodicals provided the first platform for science to be discussed along with literature. The onset of the twentieth century witnessed a remarkable advance in Hindi literary writing, and science writing also flourished with this advance. A remarkable overlap and a complementary relationship between the development of Hindi literature and Hindi commentaries on sciences is evident. Equally important in this context was the backdrop provided by a politically contentious process of evolution of a ‘modern’, ‘standard’ Hindi, and by the anti-colonial freedom movement, yoked to the idea of cultural and economic nationalism. The article surveys certain popular periodicals that regularly published essays and commentaries on science and scientific subjects. These periodicals were instrumental in shaping the popular discourses on science. The article also underlines an overwhelming effort by the intelligentsia to seek a philosophical commensurability between modern science and ‘traditional’ schools of thought. It concludes that the predominance of these characteristics in Hindi science journalism was a reflection of the agenda of the Hindi intelligentsia, shaped by linguistic nationalism framed alongside or in conjunction with a revivalist perspective.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Baksi, Sandipan},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Hindi, India, Intelligentsia, Media and Communication, Media and science, Periodicals, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science Communication, Science Journalism, Twentieth Century},\n\tpages = {95--117},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science journalism in Hindi originated in the late nineteenth century. Hindi literary periodicals provided the first platform for science to be discussed along with literature. The onset of the twentieth century witnessed a remarkable advance in Hindi literary writing, and science writing also flourished with this advance. A remarkable overlap and a complementary relationship between the development of Hindi literature and Hindi commentaries on sciences is evident. Equally important in this context was the backdrop provided by a politically contentious process of evolution of a ‘modern’, ‘standard’ Hindi, and by the anti-colonial freedom movement, yoked to the idea of cultural and economic nationalism. The article surveys certain popular periodicals that regularly published essays and commentaries on science and scientific subjects. These periodicals were instrumental in shaping the popular discourses on science. The article also underlines an overwhelming effort by the intelligentsia to seek a philosophical commensurability between modern science and ‘traditional’ schools of thought. It concludes that the predominance of these characteristics in Hindi science journalism was a reflection of the agenda of the Hindi intelligentsia, shaped by linguistic nationalism framed alongside or in conjunction with a revivalist perspective.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Secular Sciences in an Era of Cultural Change: India, 1206–1526—A Survey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in People's History, 9(2): 149–161. December 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{habib_secular_2022,\n\ttitle = {Secular {Sciences} in an {Era} of {Cultural} {Change}: {India}, 1206–1526—{A} {Survey}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2348-4489, 2349-7718},\n\tshorttitle = {Secular {Sciences} in an {Era} of {Cultural} {Change}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23484489221120038},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/23484489221120038},\n\tabstract = {The establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, 1206, marked the infusion of a new cultural stream to which the religiously neutral term ‘Persianate’ is now attached. Indeed, it added to Sanskrit another language of learning in India, namely, Persian. The change, however, was not just one of an addition to India’s list of literary languages. There was a recognisable extension of knowledge (and area of reflection) alongside the intrusion of an external language. The present article attempts a survey of the developments in different aspects of science (including practical activity related to it) during the period of the Sultanate (1206–1526), considered in two parts, according to the respective languages of the texts, namely, Sanskrit and Persian.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {Studies in People's History},\n\tauthor = {Habib, Irfan},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Delhi Sultanate, India, Medieval, Persian Texts, Sanskrit Texts, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science, Thirteenth Century},\n\tpages = {149--161},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n The establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, 1206, marked the infusion of a new cultural stream to which the religiously neutral term ‘Persianate’ is now attached. Indeed, it added to Sanskrit another language of learning in India, namely, Persian. The change, however, was not just one of an addition to India’s list of literary languages. There was a recognisable extension of knowledge (and area of reflection) alongside the intrusion of an external language. The present article attempts a survey of the developments in different aspects of science (including practical activity related to it) during the period of the Sultanate (1206–1526), considered in two parts, according to the respective languages of the texts, namely, Sanskrit and Persian.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Technology in Southern Africa and East and South Asia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Patterson, R.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 74 of International Studies in Sociology and Social AnthropologyBrill, July 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{patterson_science_2022,\n\tseries = {International {Studies} in {Sociology} and {Social} {Anthropology}},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Technology} in {Southern} {Africa} and {East} and {South} {Asia}},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tisbn = {9789004476493},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/display/title/6707},\n\tabstract = {The theme of Science, Technology and Development in Southern Africa, and East and Central Asia is threefold. The first component concerns the proposition that no underdeveloped nation will be empowered to meet the needs and aspirations of its citizens without the adoption of advancing Science \\& Technology. The adoption of S \\& T processes by examining the questions of political leadership initiation in Botswana and Singapore is explored in chapters one and two.\nComponent number two engages what is widely regarded as potentially the most enabling cluster of advanced technologies for development in the South: information technologies (IT). Articles three through five take up IT and development in Malaysia, South Africa, South Korea and Namibia.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tpublisher = {Brill},\n\teditor = {Patterson, Rubin},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Development, South Asia},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The theme of Science, Technology and Development in Southern Africa, and East and Central Asia is threefold. The first component concerns the proposition that no underdeveloped nation will be empowered to meet the needs and aspirations of its citizens without the adoption of advancing Science & Technology. The adoption of S & T processes by examining the questions of political leadership initiation in Botswana and Singapore is explored in chapters one and two. Component number two engages what is widely regarded as potentially the most enabling cluster of advanced technologies for development in the South: information technologies (IT). Articles three through five take up IT and development in Malaysia, South Africa, South Korea and Namibia.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Technology in Medieval India c. 650–1750.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n of A People's History of India 20Tulika in association with Aligarh Historians Society, New Delhi, 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{habib_technology_2022,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\tseries = {A {People}'s {History} of {India} 20},\n\ttitle = {Technology in {Medieval} {India} c. 650–1750},\n\tisbn = {978-93-82381-81-5},\n\turl = {https://shop.tulikabooks.in/book/technology-in-medieval-india-c-650-1750-6551f5abd7b77},\n\tabstract = {This book covers an important aspect of our history, on which no general work or textbook yet exists. It aims at covering the whole range of technology, from the tools and skills of ordinary men and women to the instruments of astronomers and the equipage and weaponry of war. A key element of the study is that it is essentially historical, that is, changes in technology are carefully traced and their consequences examined. Larger questions, such as those of constraints on technological development and the role of the social and economic environment, are also addressed. Much of this may be found by the reader to be very new unless he has kept abreast with the relevant literature of the last thirty or forty years. This volume, in line with the others of A People’s History of India, gives several extracts from texts, containing significant information about specific aspects of pre-modern technology. There are special notes on technical terms, sources of the history of technology, the problem of invention versus diffusion, and the development of medieval technology outside India. There are as many as 41 illustrations, all but five taken from medieval sculpture, painting and book-illustrations.\n\nThe volume is addressed to the general reader as well as the student, who would like to read about something on which conventional textbooks have little to offer. A special effort is made to keep the style non-technical without loss of accuracy. It is hoped that the theme is sufficiently interesting not only for the historian but for any citizen wanting to know what common people, men and women, did with their hands and tools in earlier times.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Tulika in association with Aligarh Historians Society},\n\tauthor = {Habib, Irfan},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Early modern, India, Indian Knowledge Systems, Marxism \\& Science, Mughal, Social History of Technology, Technologies-in-Practice, Technology \\& Society, Technology and civilization, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book covers an important aspect of our history, on which no general work or textbook yet exists. It aims at covering the whole range of technology, from the tools and skills of ordinary men and women to the instruments of astronomers and the equipage and weaponry of war. A key element of the study is that it is essentially historical, that is, changes in technology are carefully traced and their consequences examined. Larger questions, such as those of constraints on technological development and the role of the social and economic environment, are also addressed. Much of this may be found by the reader to be very new unless he has kept abreast with the relevant literature of the last thirty or forty years. This volume, in line with the others of A People’s History of India, gives several extracts from texts, containing significant information about specific aspects of pre-modern technology. There are special notes on technical terms, sources of the history of technology, the problem of invention versus diffusion, and the development of medieval technology outside India. There are as many as 41 illustrations, all but five taken from medieval sculpture, painting and book-illustrations. The volume is addressed to the general reader as well as the student, who would like to read about something on which conventional textbooks have little to offer. A special effort is made to keep the style non-technical without loss of accuracy. It is hoped that the theme is sufficiently interesting not only for the historian but for any citizen wanting to know what common people, men and women, did with their hands and tools in earlier times.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Braided River: The universe of Indian women in science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coley, C.; Gressel, C.; and Dhillon, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n UNESCO, New Delhi, 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{coley_braided_2022,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {A {Braided} {River}: {The} universe of {Indian} women in science},\n\tisbn = {978-81-89218-82-9},\n\tshorttitle = {A {Braided} {River}},\n\turl = {https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380700},\n\tabstract = {The pursuit of gender equality and increased equity is a complex and multifaceted goal that has been widely recognized as a core component of sustainable development.\n\nThis book addresses the necessity to include more Indian women in science, critically examining many known and persistent challenges, as well as successes, within academia, research and industry in India.\n\nThis issue is critical now more than ever because improving the engagement of women in science and research fields holds out the hope of improving the quality, quantity and diversity of creative solutions for major issues of international and national concern, such as global pandemics, biodiversity loss, environmental degradation and all forms of pollution, and natural resource calamities.\n\nSimultaneously, an increased participation of women in science could significantly increase the prosperity and well- being of the nation as well as global chances of achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals in time.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tpublisher = {UNESCO},\n\tauthor = {Coley, Christopher and Gressel, Christie and Dhillon, Abhijit},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {India, Women in science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The pursuit of gender equality and increased equity is a complex and multifaceted goal that has been widely recognized as a core component of sustainable development. This book addresses the necessity to include more Indian women in science, critically examining many known and persistent challenges, as well as successes, within academia, research and industry in India. This issue is critical now more than ever because improving the engagement of women in science and research fields holds out the hope of improving the quality, quantity and diversity of creative solutions for major issues of international and national concern, such as global pandemics, biodiversity loss, environmental degradation and all forms of pollution, and natural resource calamities. Simultaneously, an increased participation of women in science could significantly increase the prosperity and well- being of the nation as well as global chances of achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals in time.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Creative Dissent in India: Knowledge Swaraj and the People’s Health Movement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, S. C.; and Quet, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Engaging Science, Technology, and Society, 8(1): 87–104. May 2022.\n Number: 1\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_creative_2022,\n\ttitle = {Creative {Dissent} in {India}: {Knowledge} {Swaraj} and the {People}’s {Health} {Movement}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2022 Shambu C. Prasad, Mathieu Quet},\n\tissn = {2413-8053},\n\tshorttitle = {Creative {Dissent} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://estsjournal.org/index.php/ests/article/view/471},\n\tdoi = {10.17351/ests2022.471},\n\tabstract = {There is an increasing interest among STS scholars to go beyond public understanding of science to look at the role of social movements in shaping alternate science and exploring the role of scientific dissent and the reconfiguration of the relations between scientists and citizens. The increasing popularity of citizen science that seeks to reengage the public in science needs to be situated within broader social movements that have argued for more conversations on science and democracy. This paper explores the idea of scientific dissent in India within a rich and vibrant tradition of People’s Science Movement(s). We suggest that the dominance of the technoscientific elite has been countered in part through creative dissent by citizens and scientists working together in envisioning knowledge futures. Specifically, a citizen’s manifesto—Knowledge Swaraj, is examined for its potential to present a frame for science in civil society rooted around the principles of plurality, sustainability, and justice that could reclaim the citizen’s autonomy or ‘self-rule’. Through the case study of the knowledge created by the People’s Health Movement (PHM) in India from 1976–1990, we show how creative dissent has enabled multiple conversations about science, medicine, and democracy that both critique dominant state and market narratives and presents an alternative through dissenting scientists.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-02},\n\tjournal = {Engaging Science, Technology, and Society},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Shambu C. and Quet, Mathieu},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Number: 1},\n\tkeywords = {India, People's Health Movement, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Public Understanding of Science},\n\tpages = {87--104},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n There is an increasing interest among STS scholars to go beyond public understanding of science to look at the role of social movements in shaping alternate science and exploring the role of scientific dissent and the reconfiguration of the relations between scientists and citizens. The increasing popularity of citizen science that seeks to reengage the public in science needs to be situated within broader social movements that have argued for more conversations on science and democracy. This paper explores the idea of scientific dissent in India within a rich and vibrant tradition of People’s Science Movement(s). We suggest that the dominance of the technoscientific elite has been countered in part through creative dissent by citizens and scientists working together in envisioning knowledge futures. Specifically, a citizen’s manifesto—Knowledge Swaraj, is examined for its potential to present a frame for science in civil society rooted around the principles of plurality, sustainability, and justice that could reclaim the citizen’s autonomy or ‘self-rule’. Through the case study of the knowledge created by the People’s Health Movement (PHM) in India from 1976–1990, we show how creative dissent has enabled multiple conversations about science, medicine, and democracy that both critique dominant state and market narratives and presents an alternative through dissenting scientists.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Ploughshares and Swords: India's Nuclear Program in the Global Cold War.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarkar, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 2022.\n Google-Books-ID: d8eZzgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sarkar_ploughshares_2022,\n\taddress = {Ithaca and London},\n\ttitle = {Ploughshares and {Swords}: {India}'s {Nuclear} {Program} in the {Global} {Cold} {War}},\n\tisbn = {9781501765018},\n\tshorttitle = {Ploughshares and {Swords}},\n\tabstract = {India's nuclear program is often misunderstood as an inward-looking endeavor of secretive technocrats. In Ploughshares and Swords, Jayita Sarkar challenges this received wisdom, narrating a global story of India's nuclear program during its first forty years. The book foregrounds the program's civilian and military features by probing its close relationship with the space program. Through nuclear and space technologies, India's leaders served the technopolitical aims of economic modernity and the geopolitical goals of deterring adversaries.The politically savvy, transnationally connected scientists and engineers who steered the program obtained technologies, materials, and information through a variety of state and nonstate actors from Europe and North America, including both superpowers. They thus maneuvered around Cold War politics and the choke points of the nonproliferation regime. Hyperdiversification increased choices for the leaders of the nuclear program but reduced democratic accountability at home. The nuclear program became a consensus-enforcing device in the name of the nation.Ploughshares and Swords is a provocative new history with global implications. It shows how geopolitical and technopolitical visions influence decisions about the nation after decolonization.Thanks to generous funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Sarkar, Jayita},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: d8eZzgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History of Technology, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n India's nuclear program is often misunderstood as an inward-looking endeavor of secretive technocrats. In Ploughshares and Swords, Jayita Sarkar challenges this received wisdom, narrating a global story of India's nuclear program during its first forty years. The book foregrounds the program's civilian and military features by probing its close relationship with the space program. Through nuclear and space technologies, India's leaders served the technopolitical aims of economic modernity and the geopolitical goals of deterring adversaries.The politically savvy, transnationally connected scientists and engineers who steered the program obtained technologies, materials, and information through a variety of state and nonstate actors from Europe and North America, including both superpowers. They thus maneuvered around Cold War politics and the choke points of the nonproliferation regime. Hyperdiversification increased choices for the leaders of the nuclear program but reduced democratic accountability at home. The nuclear program became a consensus-enforcing device in the name of the nation.Ploughshares and Swords is a provocative new history with global implications. It shows how geopolitical and technopolitical visions influence decisions about the nation after decolonization.Thanks to generous funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Employment, Technology and Value Chain: A Case of Indian Leather Industry.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Paul, B.; Patnaik, U.; Jaganth, G.; and Murari, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 27(4): 563–586. December 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{paul_employment_2022,\n\ttitle = {Employment, {Technology} and {Value} {Chain}: {A} {Case} of {Indian} {Leather} {Industry}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Employment, {Technology} and {Value} {Chain}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218211010618},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218211010618},\n\tabstract = {India’s leather industry is an interesting case for a value chain (VC) that has unorganised and organised firms. To understand VC’s upstream, we examine a recent database on unorganised enterprises in the leather industry. First, we assess the determinants of two outcomes: value added and surplus. Second, we gauge if technology impacts employment. We use a multi-database and multi-method approach. Our analysis is based on National Sample Survey’s (NSS) 73rd Round on unincorporated non-agricultural enterprises. To understand the downstream of value-added value chain functions, capacity utilisation, last-mile delivery, product and process innovation, and orientation towards export, we use the World Bank Enterprise survey (2014). While confirming the stylised fact of the direct relationship between the firm’s resources and performance, the study emphasises the pivotal role of human capital in a firm’s performance, valid for both VC streams.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Paul, Bino and Patnaik, Unmesh and Jaganth, G. and Murari, Kamal},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {India, Leather Industry},\n\tpages = {563--586},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n India’s leather industry is an interesting case for a value chain (VC) that has unorganised and organised firms. To understand VC’s upstream, we examine a recent database on unorganised enterprises in the leather industry. First, we assess the determinants of two outcomes: value added and surplus. Second, we gauge if technology impacts employment. We use a multi-database and multi-method approach. Our analysis is based on National Sample Survey’s (NSS) 73rd Round on unincorporated non-agricultural enterprises. To understand the downstream of value-added value chain functions, capacity utilisation, last-mile delivery, product and process innovation, and orientation towards export, we use the World Bank Enterprise survey (2014). While confirming the stylised fact of the direct relationship between the firm’s resources and performance, the study emphasises the pivotal role of human capital in a firm’s performance, valid for both VC streams.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Changing Patterns of Work–Life Balance of Women Scientists and Engineers in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurup, A.; and Raj, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 27(4): 485–501. December 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kurup_changing_2022,\n\ttitle = {Changing {Patterns} of {Work}–{Life} {Balance} of {Women} {Scientists} and {Engineers} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218221075129},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218221075129},\n\tabstract = {India has witnessed a steady rise in the number of women scientists and engineers in the last two decades. At the same time, the country has experienced the transition from the joint family to a nuclear family system. This has brought with it unique challenges for the women professionals as they negotiate their roles in families with successful careers. While documenting and analysing the changing patterns of the work–life balance of women scientists and engineers, the article highlights the critical role that the scientific institutions can play as enablers in this process.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Kurup, Anitha and Raj, Anjali},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Feminist STS, India, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {485--501},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n India has witnessed a steady rise in the number of women scientists and engineers in the last two decades. At the same time, the country has experienced the transition from the joint family to a nuclear family system. This has brought with it unique challenges for the women professionals as they negotiate their roles in families with successful careers. While documenting and analysing the changing patterns of the work–life balance of women scientists and engineers, the article highlights the critical role that the scientific institutions can play as enablers in this process.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Foreign Technology Transfer, R&D and Innovation: Resolving the Technology–Productivity Conundrum.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, C.; and Mishra, R. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 27(4): 630–654. December 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharma_foreign_2022,\n\ttitle = {Foreign {Technology} {Transfer}, {R}\\&{D} and {Innovation}: {Resolving} the {Technology}–{Productivity} {Conundrum}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Foreign {Technology} {Transfer}, {R}\\&{D} and {Innovation}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218221125223},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09717218221125223},\n\tabstract = {This study aims to empirically investigate the impact of foreign technology transfer and R\\&D on total factor productivity and labour productivity of Indian firms. The results of production function analysis indicate that foreign technology plays a significant role in output growth. The results of growth the accounting approach also suggest a critical role of foreign technology in the productivity growth of firms. Interestingly, our findings indicate that while R\\&D does not significantly contribute to productivity growth, it shares a complementary relationship with foreign technology and drives a firm’s productivity. Our findings indicate that firms that engage in R\\&D and foreign technology transfer have a competitive edge in terms of productivity and output, but the role of R\\&D intensity cannot be established.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Chandan and Mishra, Ritesh Kumar},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {India, Quantitative Model, Technology Transfer},\n\tpages = {630--654},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This study aims to empirically investigate the impact of foreign technology transfer and R&D on total factor productivity and labour productivity of Indian firms. The results of production function analysis indicate that foreign technology plays a significant role in output growth. The results of growth the accounting approach also suggest a critical role of foreign technology in the productivity growth of firms. Interestingly, our findings indicate that while R&D does not significantly contribute to productivity growth, it shares a complementary relationship with foreign technology and drives a firm’s productivity. Our findings indicate that firms that engage in R&D and foreign technology transfer have a competitive edge in terms of productivity and output, but the role of R&D intensity cannot be established.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cultural Politics of Engagement: Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad and the Shaping of a Scientific-Citizen Public in Kerala.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Suvobrata, S., editor(s), History of Science, Technology, Environment, and Medicine in India, pages 79–95. Routledge, London and New York, 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{varughese_cultural_2022,\n\taddress = {London and New York},\n\ttitle = {Cultural {Politics} of {Engagement}: {Kerala} {Sastra} {Sahitya} {Parishad} and the {Shaping} of a {Scientific}-{Citizen} {Public} in {Kerala}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/History-of-Science-Technology-Environment-and-Medicine-in-India/Sarkar/p/book/9781032148458},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tbooktitle = {History of {Science}, {Technology}, {Environment}, and {Medicine} in {India}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\teditor = {Suvobrata, Sarkar},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Bernal, John Desmond, Democracy, India, Kerala, Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Public Engagement with S\\&T, Social History of Science, Social Movements},\n\tpages = {79--95},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n People-Centred Early Warning System: ‘Last Mile Connectivity’ During Cyclone Titli In Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dash, B.; and Jagirdhar, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Rural Development, 41(1): 15–27. March 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dash_people-centred_2022,\n\ttitle = {People-{Centred} {Early} {Warning} {System}: ‘{Last} {Mile} {Connectivity}’ {During} {Cyclone} {Titli} {In} {Srikakulam}, {Andhra} {Pradesh}},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tissn = {2582-4295, 0970-3357},\n\tshorttitle = {People-{Centred} {Early} {Warning} {System}},\n\turl = {https://nirdprojms.in/index.php/jrd/article/view/172459},\n\tdoi = {10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i1/172459},\n\tabstract = {The paper examines ‘last mile connectivity’ from a multi-hazard Early Warning System (EWS) perspective to situate it within a broader societal context, highlighting the role of continual communication with warned vulnerable populations as a critical requirement. Taking the case study of a very severe tropical cyclonic storm Titli that struck the coastal district of Srikakulam in Andhra Pradesh, India, in October 2018, the paper identifies specific gaps within the conception of ‘last mile connectivity’ and calls for a shifting focus from ‘early warning delivery’ to greater integration with local needs and capabilities. It shows that the effectiveness of EWS depends on several factors, including uncertainties under which people negotiate to receive the warning, inter-departmental coordination, power and communication facilities, and accountability of local authorities.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Rural Development},\n\tauthor = {Dash, Biswanath and Jagirdhar, Meena},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Disasters, India, Risk Governance},\n\tpages = {15--27},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The paper examines ‘last mile connectivity’ from a multi-hazard Early Warning System (EWS) perspective to situate it within a broader societal context, highlighting the role of continual communication with warned vulnerable populations as a critical requirement. Taking the case study of a very severe tropical cyclonic storm Titli that struck the coastal district of Srikakulam in Andhra Pradesh, India, in October 2018, the paper identifies specific gaps within the conception of ‘last mile connectivity’ and calls for a shifting focus from ‘early warning delivery’ to greater integration with local needs and capabilities. It shows that the effectiveness of EWS depends on several factors, including uncertainties under which people negotiate to receive the warning, inter-departmental coordination, power and communication facilities, and accountability of local authorities.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Book review: Jinee Lokaneeta, The Truth Machines: Policing, Violence, and Scientific Interrogation in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mudgal, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in Indian Politics, 10(1): 150–151. June 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mudgal_book_2022,\n\ttitle = {Book review: {Jinee} {Lokaneeta}, {The} {Truth} {Machines}: {Policing}, {Violence}, and {Scientific} {Interrogation} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {2321-0230, 2321-7472},\n\tshorttitle = {Book review},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23210230221082826},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/23210230221082826},\n\tabstract = {Jinee Lokaneeta, The Truth Machines: Policing, Violence, and Scientific Interrogation in India (Hyderabad: Oriental BlackSwan, 2020), 264 pp. ₹795.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Studies in Indian Politics},\n\tauthor = {Mudgal, Vipul},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Forensic Science, India, Law and Science},\n\tpages = {150--151},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Jinee Lokaneeta, The Truth Machines: Policing, Violence, and Scientific Interrogation in India (Hyderabad: Oriental BlackSwan, 2020), 264 pp. ₹795.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Epic narratives of the Green Revolution in Brazil, China, and India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cabral, L.; Pandey, P.; and Xu, X.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Agriculture and Human Values, 39(1): 249–267. March 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{cabral_epic_2022,\n\ttitle = {Epic narratives of the {Green} {Revolution} in {Brazil}, {China}, and {India}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tissn = {0889-048X, 1572-8366},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10460-021-10241-x},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10460-021-10241-x},\n\tabstract = {Abstract \n The Green Revolution is often seen as epitomising the dawn of scientific and technological advancement and modernity in the agricultural sector across developing countries, a process that unfolded from the 1940s through to the 1980s. Despite the time that has elapsed, this episode of the past continues to resonate today, and still shapes the institutions and practices of agricultural science and technology. In Brazil, China, and India, narratives of science-led agricultural transformations portray that period in glorifying terms—entailing pressing national imperatives, unprecedented achievements, and heroic individuals or organizations. These “epic narratives” draw on the past to produce meaning and empower the actors that deploy them. Epic narratives are reproduced over time and perpetuate a conviction about the heroic power of science and technology in agricultural development. By crafting history and cultivating a sense of scientific nationalism, exceptionalism, and heritage, these epic narratives sustain power-knowledge relations in agricultural science and technology, which are underpinned by a hegemonic modernization paradigm. Unravelling the processes of assemblage and reproduction of epic narratives helps us make sense of how science and technology actors draw on their subjective representations of the past to assert their position in the field at present. This includes making claims about their credentials to envision and deliver sustainable solutions for agriculture into the future.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Agriculture and Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Cabral, Lídia and Pandey, Poonam and Xu, Xiuli},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Green Revolution in India, India},\n\tpages = {249--267},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract The Green Revolution is often seen as epitomising the dawn of scientific and technological advancement and modernity in the agricultural sector across developing countries, a process that unfolded from the 1940s through to the 1980s. Despite the time that has elapsed, this episode of the past continues to resonate today, and still shapes the institutions and practices of agricultural science and technology. In Brazil, China, and India, narratives of science-led agricultural transformations portray that period in glorifying terms—entailing pressing national imperatives, unprecedented achievements, and heroic individuals or organizations. These “epic narratives” draw on the past to produce meaning and empower the actors that deploy them. Epic narratives are reproduced over time and perpetuate a conviction about the heroic power of science and technology in agricultural development. By crafting history and cultivating a sense of scientific nationalism, exceptionalism, and heritage, these epic narratives sustain power-knowledge relations in agricultural science and technology, which are underpinned by a hegemonic modernization paradigm. Unravelling the processes of assemblage and reproduction of epic narratives helps us make sense of how science and technology actors draw on their subjective representations of the past to assert their position in the field at present. This includes making claims about their credentials to envision and deliver sustainable solutions for agriculture into the future.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indian Science and Technology during the Freedom Struggle: A ‘Science Diplomacy’ Perspective.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, H.; and Namrata\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Scientific Temper, 10(1-2): 79–96. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_indian_2022,\n\ttitle = {Indian {Science} and {Technology} during the {Freedom} {Struggle}: {A} ‘{Science} {Diplomacy}’ {Perspective}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {22782788, 22782796},\n\tshorttitle = {Indian {Science} and {Technology} during the {Freedom} {Struggle}},\n\turl = {http://op.niscpr.res.in/index.php/JST/article/view/66001},\n\tdoi = {10.56042/jst.v10i1-2.66001},\n\tabstract = {Science Diplomacy (SD) has emerged as a key coponent of foreign policy in the first decade of the 21st century. It provides an outlook to explore science and technology and diplomatic efforts in three distinctive perspectives namely 'science for diplomacy',\n'diplomacy for science' and 'science in diplomacy'. However, one must note that this is not a new phenomenon and has been in practice in different forms for centuries and Indian S\\&T is not an exception. However, literature dominates the European perspective and is not much available from the non-western contexts. Therefore, the paper aims to explore S\\&T in the Indian context from the SD perspective in the first half of the 20th century, which also marked the period of freedom struggle at its peak. The paper uses the historiography of science method and purposively selected three cases, two from the 'colonised' and one from the 'colonisers' perspective. The first is The Association for the Advancement of Scientific and Industrial Education of Indians (AASIEI) and the second set of cases reflects the efforts of four Indian scientists, namely Saha, Bhatnagar, Raman, and Bhabha. The third case is of a diplomatic effort to gather Indian support for the war by the British when they sent Hill to India. The events and anecdotes suggest that SD was very much part of the freedom struggle movement and after independence, they shaped the Indian S\\&T in a major way. In the end, the paper suggests a few learning for Indian S\\&T from the SD perspective.},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Scientific Temper},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Hemant and Namrata},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {India, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {79--96},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science Diplomacy (SD) has emerged as a key coponent of foreign policy in the first decade of the 21st century. It provides an outlook to explore science and technology and diplomatic efforts in three distinctive perspectives namely 'science for diplomacy', 'diplomacy for science' and 'science in diplomacy'. However, one must note that this is not a new phenomenon and has been in practice in different forms for centuries and Indian S&T is not an exception. However, literature dominates the European perspective and is not much available from the non-western contexts. Therefore, the paper aims to explore S&T in the Indian context from the SD perspective in the first half of the 20th century, which also marked the period of freedom struggle at its peak. The paper uses the historiography of science method and purposively selected three cases, two from the 'colonised' and one from the 'colonisers' perspective. The first is The Association for the Advancement of Scientific and Industrial Education of Indians (AASIEI) and the second set of cases reflects the efforts of four Indian scientists, namely Saha, Bhatnagar, Raman, and Bhabha. The third case is of a diplomatic effort to gather Indian support for the war by the British when they sent Hill to India. The events and anecdotes suggest that SD was very much part of the freedom struggle movement and after independence, they shaped the Indian S&T in a major way. In the end, the paper suggests a few learning for Indian S&T from the SD perspective.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Environment and its Forms of Knowledge: The Regulation of Genetically Modified Crops in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Aga, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Developing Societies, 37(2): 167–183. June 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{aga_environment_2021,\n\ttitle = {Environment and its {Forms} of {Knowledge}: {The} {Regulation} of {Genetically} {Modified} {Crops} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0169-796X, 1745-2546},\n\tshorttitle = {Environment and its {Forms} of {Knowledge}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0169796X211001235},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0169796X211001235},\n\tabstract = {A fierce controversy over genetically modified (GM) crops has been raging in India for over two decades. Analyzing India’s regulatory regime for GM crops, this article focuses on the modes through which state bureaucracies know the environment. It argues that two epistemologies - scientific and legal-administrative – underpin environment protection. By unraveling the course of regulatory disputes, I demonstrate that bureaucracies are not just hierarchically divided but are also segmented by horizontal, functional specializations. There is thus an inherent ambiguity lodged between environment as a technical discourse and as statecraft. This ambiguity both fosters and constrains democratic participation in policy decisions and can even partially disrupt power relations in unanticipated ways.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-11-14},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Developing Societies},\n\tauthor = {Aga, Aniket},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Bt Brinjal, Bt Cotton, Bureaucracy, Epistemic Agency, Epistemic Cultures, Epistemology, Expertise, GMOs, India, S\\&T Policy, Science and Democracy, Science and Environment, State \\& Science},\n\tpages = {167--183},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n A fierce controversy over genetically modified (GM) crops has been raging in India for over two decades. Analyzing India’s regulatory regime for GM crops, this article focuses on the modes through which state bureaucracies know the environment. It argues that two epistemologies - scientific and legal-administrative – underpin environment protection. By unraveling the course of regulatory disputes, I demonstrate that bureaucracies are not just hierarchically divided but are also segmented by horizontal, functional specializations. There is thus an inherent ambiguity lodged between environment as a technical discourse and as statecraft. This ambiguity both fosters and constrains democratic participation in policy decisions and can even partially disrupt power relations in unanticipated ways.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Abdus Salam: Une Oeuvre Entre Science et Islam.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Omarjee, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Editions L'Harmattan, Paris, May 2021.\n Google-Books-ID: JsIsEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{omarjee_abdus_2021,\n\taddress = {Paris},\n\ttitle = {Abdus {Salam}: {Une} {Oeuvre} {Entre} {Science} et {Islam}},\n\tisbn = {9782140178603},\n\tshorttitle = {Abdus {Salam}},\n\tabstract = {Deux traits fondamentaux caractérisent la vie de Mohammed Abdus Salam : la recherche scientifique et la vie religieuse. Musulman profond et physicien de premier plan, prix Nobel de physique en 1979 pour ses travaux en matière d’unification des forces fondamentales de la nature, il inscrit sa démarche de chercheur dans la continuité de la pensée coranique, et trouve dans la science un instrument d’émerveillement face à la nature permettant de cultiver le sentiment religieux. Abdus Salam place son oeuvre dans la lignée de la tradition spirituelle dont il hérite et qui le façonne.},\n\tlanguage = {fr},\n\tpublisher = {Editions L'Harmattan},\n\tauthor = {Omarjee, Ismaël},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: JsIsEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Islam \\& Science, Islam/Muslim, Pakistan, Physics, Salam, Abdus},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Deux traits fondamentaux caractérisent la vie de Mohammed Abdus Salam : la recherche scientifique et la vie religieuse. Musulman profond et physicien de premier plan, prix Nobel de physique en 1979 pour ses travaux en matière d’unification des forces fondamentales de la nature, il inscrit sa démarche de chercheur dans la continuité de la pensée coranique, et trouve dans la science un instrument d’émerveillement face à la nature permettant de cultiver le sentiment religieux. Abdus Salam place son oeuvre dans la lignée de la tradition spirituelle dont il hérite et qui le façonne.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific Temper and Nehruvian Influence: How the Millennials are Handling the Mythologization of Science in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gopalkrishnan, S.; and Galande, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cultural Studies of Science Education, 16(1): 231–249. March 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gopalkrishnan_scientific_2021,\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Temper} and {Nehruvian} {Influence}: {How} the {Millennials} are {Handling} the {Mythologization} of {Science} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1871-1510},\n\tshorttitle = {Scientific temper and nehruvian influence},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-020-10001-z},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11422-020-10001-z},\n\tabstract = {Jawaharlal Nehru’s contribution in pioneering the concept of scientific temper in India is widely acknowledged, and his legacy has had an influence on Academia, Education policy and popular science movements in the country. But in the last decade, the new age social media revolution has seen a renaissance of right wing nationalism, backed by an aggressive trend where ancient myths are transformed into historical facts and instant messaging groups are flooded with forwards of superstitious and irrational beliefs of religious exceptionalism. This has set the platform for a mythologization of science in a polarizing society eager to find sustenance in past glories. In such a fluid situation, it would be pertinent to ask how young Indians are handling the misinformation masquerading as science. This mixed method study explores the impact of the mythologization of science on Indian millennial group and the results show that they are not to be underestimated.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-09-15},\n\tjournal = {Cultural Studies of Science Education},\n\tauthor = {Gopalkrishnan, Sreeram and Galande, Snehal},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Mythology, Nehru, Jawaharlal, Science Education, Scientific Temper, Social Media, Young Adults},\n\tpages = {231--249},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Jawaharlal Nehru’s contribution in pioneering the concept of scientific temper in India is widely acknowledged, and his legacy has had an influence on Academia, Education policy and popular science movements in the country. But in the last decade, the new age social media revolution has seen a renaissance of right wing nationalism, backed by an aggressive trend where ancient myths are transformed into historical facts and instant messaging groups are flooded with forwards of superstitious and irrational beliefs of religious exceptionalism. This has set the platform for a mythologization of science in a polarizing society eager to find sustenance in past glories. In such a fluid situation, it would be pertinent to ask how young Indians are handling the misinformation masquerading as science. This mixed method study explores the impact of the mythologization of science on Indian millennial group and the results show that they are not to be underestimated.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Trust and the Responsibility of Scientists to the Public.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 56(10): 10–12. March 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sarukkai_trust_2021,\n\ttitle = {Trust and the {Responsibility} of {Scientists} to the {Public}},\n\tvolume = {56},\n\turl = {https://www.epw.in/journal/2021/10/alternative-standpoint/trust-and-responsibility-scientists-public.html},\n\tabstract = {Ramakrishna Ramaswamy’s (2020) recent article “Science in the Public Sphere: Obligation and Responsibility” raises an important question about the obligation and responsibility of scientists towards the public. He isolates some of the obstacles in constructing a meaningful relationship between scientists and the public, such as problems relating to trust, concerns about certain politicians’ statements linking science to the ancient past, as well as the lack of scientific temper. He identifies open access to scientific work as well as a more effective science communication actively led by scientists as ways to deal with this problem. While these are important points to consider, it is necessary—at least for the sake of a vibrant public discussion with the scientists—to consider ways of strengthening these suggestions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2025-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Sarukkai, Sundar},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science Communication, Scientific Temper, Trust In Science},\n\tpages = {10--12},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Ramakrishna Ramaswamy’s (2020) recent article “Science in the Public Sphere: Obligation and Responsibility” raises an important question about the obligation and responsibility of scientists towards the public. He isolates some of the obstacles in constructing a meaningful relationship between scientists and the public, such as problems relating to trust, concerns about certain politicians’ statements linking science to the ancient past, as well as the lack of scientific temper. He identifies open access to scientific work as well as a more effective science communication actively led by scientists as ways to deal with this problem. While these are important points to consider, it is necessary—at least for the sake of a vibrant public discussion with the scientists—to consider ways of strengthening these suggestions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Datafied Body Projects in India: Femtech and the Rise of Reproductive Surveillance in the Digital Era.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mishra, P.; and Suresh, Y.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 27(4): 597–606. October 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mishra_datafied_2021,\n\ttitle = {Datafied {Body} {Projects} in {India}: {Femtech} and the {Rise} of {Reproductive} {Surveillance} in the {Digital} {Era}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {1225-9276, 2377-004X},\n\tshorttitle = {Datafied body projects in {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/12259276.2021.2002010},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/12259276.2021.2002010},\n\tabstract = {This article examines the growing industry of digital self-tracking technologies designed for the female body, popularly known as femtech. Focusing mainly on reproductive technologies and applications, it situates femtech within the broader historical context of excluding women from research on medicine and clinical trials. Approaching femtech as datafied body projects, we argue that, even though these digital reproductive health technologies enhance user capacity for self-knowledge by quantifying reproduction, they raise apprehensions about issues of reproductive surveillance. These datafied body projects are not only technology-driven, but are also shaped by the neo-liberal ethos in which the state-corporate nexus shifts the onus of health management to participatory individuated forms, deemed as “empowering,” while simultaneously harnessing this user-generated data for control and profit. Finally, we argue that merely representing women in all spheres of health and procuring data on the female body is insufficient to address the larger concerns of gender in health. A more close-grained approach that addresses the structural embeddedness of exploitation of the female body for profit and the masculine epistemology around which these technologies are built is necessary.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Asian Journal of Women's Studies},\n\tauthor = {Mishra, Paro and Suresh, Yogita},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Body, Digital STS, Digitalisation, Gender, Gender \\& Technology, Gender and Medical Technologies, India, Surveilance techniques, Technology \\& Society, Women, Women in medicine},\n\tpages = {597--606},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article examines the growing industry of digital self-tracking technologies designed for the female body, popularly known as femtech. Focusing mainly on reproductive technologies and applications, it situates femtech within the broader historical context of excluding women from research on medicine and clinical trials. Approaching femtech as datafied body projects, we argue that, even though these digital reproductive health technologies enhance user capacity for self-knowledge by quantifying reproduction, they raise apprehensions about issues of reproductive surveillance. These datafied body projects are not only technology-driven, but are also shaped by the neo-liberal ethos in which the state-corporate nexus shifts the onus of health management to participatory individuated forms, deemed as “empowering,” while simultaneously harnessing this user-generated data for control and profit. Finally, we argue that merely representing women in all spheres of health and procuring data on the female body is insufficient to address the larger concerns of gender in health. A more close-grained approach that addresses the structural embeddedness of exploitation of the female body for profit and the masculine epistemology around which these technologies are built is necessary.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Frontier in British India: Space, Science, and Power in the Nineteenth Century.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Simpson, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, January 2021.\n Google-Books-ID: ctQGEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{simpson_frontier_2021,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {The {Frontier} in {British} {India}: {Space}, {Science}, and {Power} in the {Nineteenth} {Century}},\n\tisbn = {9781108840194},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Frontier} in {British} {India}},\n\tabstract = {Thomas Simpson provides an innovative account of how distinctive forms of colonial power and knowledge developed at the territorial fringes of colonial India during the nineteenth century. Through critical interventions in a wide range of theoretical and historiographical fields, he speaks to historians of empire and science, anthropologists, and geographers alike. The Frontier in British India provides the first connected and comparative analysis of frontiers in northwest and northeast India and draws on visual and written materials from an array of archives across the subcontinent and the UK. Colonial interventions in frontier spaces and populations were, it shows, enormously destructive but also prone to confusion and failure on their own terms. British frontier administrators did not merely suffer 'turbulent' frontiers, but actively worked to generate and uphold these regions as spaces of governmental and scientific exception. Accordingly, India's frontiers became crucial spaces of imperial practice and imagination throughout the nineteenth century.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Simpson, Thomas},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ctQGEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Cartography, Colonial Science, History of Science \\& Technology, Maps, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Space, Surveys},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Thomas Simpson provides an innovative account of how distinctive forms of colonial power and knowledge developed at the territorial fringes of colonial India during the nineteenth century. Through critical interventions in a wide range of theoretical and historiographical fields, he speaks to historians of empire and science, anthropologists, and geographers alike. The Frontier in British India provides the first connected and comparative analysis of frontiers in northwest and northeast India and draws on visual and written materials from an array of archives across the subcontinent and the UK. Colonial interventions in frontier spaces and populations were, it shows, enormously destructive but also prone to confusion and failure on their own terms. British frontier administrators did not merely suffer 'turbulent' frontiers, but actively worked to generate and uphold these regions as spaces of governmental and scientific exception. Accordingly, India's frontiers became crucial spaces of imperial practice and imagination throughout the nineteenth century.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Creativity from the Periphery: Trading Zones of Scientific Exchange in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dasgupta, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, June 2021.\n Google-Books-ID: CcE0EAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{dasgupta_creativity_2021,\n\taddress = {Pittsburgh, PA},\n\ttitle = {Creativity from the {Periphery}: {Trading} {Zones} of {Scientific} {Exchange} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780822988021},\n\tshorttitle = {Creativity from the {Periphery}},\n\tabstract = {Science is usually known by its most successful figures and resource-rich institutions. In stark contrast, creativity from the Periphery draws our attention to unknown figures in science — those who remain marginalized, even neglected, within its practices. Researchers in early twentieth-century colonial India, for example, have made significant contributions to the stock of scientific knowledge and have provided science with new breakthroughs and novel ideas, but to little acclaim. As Deepanwita Dasgupta argues, sometimes the best ideas in science are born from difficult and resource-poor conditions. In this study, she turns our attention to these peripheral actors, shedding new light on how scientific creativity operates in lesser-known, marginalized contexts, and how the work of self-trained researchers, though largely ignored, has contributed to important conceptual shifts. Her book presents a new philosophical framework for understanding this peripheral creativity in science through the lens of trading zones — where knowledge is exchanged between two unequal communities — and explores the implications for the future diversity of transnational science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press},\n\tauthor = {Dasgupta, Deepanwita},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: CcE0EAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, India, Periphery, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science, Trading Zones},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science is usually known by its most successful figures and resource-rich institutions. In stark contrast, creativity from the Periphery draws our attention to unknown figures in science — those who remain marginalized, even neglected, within its practices. Researchers in early twentieth-century colonial India, for example, have made significant contributions to the stock of scientific knowledge and have provided science with new breakthroughs and novel ideas, but to little acclaim. As Deepanwita Dasgupta argues, sometimes the best ideas in science are born from difficult and resource-poor conditions. In this study, she turns our attention to these peripheral actors, shedding new light on how scientific creativity operates in lesser-known, marginalized contexts, and how the work of self-trained researchers, though largely ignored, has contributed to important conceptual shifts. Her book presents a new philosophical framework for understanding this peripheral creativity in science through the lens of trading zones — where knowledge is exchanged between two unequal communities — and explores the implications for the future diversity of transnational science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Popularisation of Agricultural Science in Travancore: Context and Ideas.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Unnikrishnan, U.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Review of Agrarian Studies, 11(2): 48–71. December 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{unnikrishnan_popularisation_2021,\n\ttitle = {Popularisation of {Agricultural} {Science} in {Travancore}: {Context} and {Ideas}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {22494405, 22489002},\n\tshorttitle = {Popularisation of {Agricultural} {Science} in {Travancore}},\n\turl = {https://ras.org.in/index.php?Article=popularisation_of_agricultural_science_in_travancore},\n\tdoi = {10.25003/RAS.11.02.0004},\n\tabstract = {This paper draws attention to the popular science writings on agriculture published in Malayalam periodicals from the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries. The context of the study is the history of science popularisation and the institutionalisation of scientific agriculture in Travancore. It highlights the role of the princely state of Travancore and the Malayalam-speaking intelligentsia in science popularisation. The literature shows that the dissemination of popular writings on agricultural science was intended to achieve the modernisation of agriculture, and was informed by concepts of regional and national development. The paper adds to the scholarship on the history of science popularisation in India by drawing attention to the history of science popularisation in the history of princely states.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tjournal = {Review of Agrarian Studies},\n\tauthor = {Unnikrishnan, Urmila},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, Agriculture, Domestication of science, Kerala, Modernisation, Popular Science, Princely States in India, Science \\& Culture, Social History of Science, Travancore},\n\tpages = {48--71},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper draws attention to the popular science writings on agriculture published in Malayalam periodicals from the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries. The context of the study is the history of science popularisation and the institutionalisation of scientific agriculture in Travancore. It highlights the role of the princely state of Travancore and the Malayalam-speaking intelligentsia in science popularisation. The literature shows that the dissemination of popular writings on agricultural science was intended to achieve the modernisation of agriculture, and was informed by concepts of regional and national development. The paper adds to the scholarship on the history of science popularisation in India by drawing attention to the history of science popularisation in the history of princely states.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Health and Healing: Retention of the Popularity of Ashtavaidya Tradition during the Colonial Regime.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vinai, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 13(2): 1–12. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n![\"Health](\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t "\\"Paper\\"\n\t")
Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{vinai_health_2021,\n\ttitle = {Health and {Healing}: {Retention} of the {Popularity} of\nAshtavaidya {Tradition} during the {Colonial} {Regime}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {0975-2935},\n\turl = {https://rupkatha.com/V13/n2/v13n206.pdf},\n\tabstract = {During the early 19th century, health and medical care was one of the avenues of contestations whereby the British Raj sought to establish their hegemony. With the introduction of western epistemic framework, allopathic medicine became the official medical system of British India. Licenses, charters, permits and acts, colonial hospitals and doctors came together to disparage the indigenous system of medicine and healthcare. Assailed as using “unscientific Oriental procedures’ several folk healers lost their traditional practice and livelihood. However, amidst all these colossal manoeuvres, the popularity and relevance of the Ashtavaidya tradition, practiced by eighteen Namboodiri families in Kerala remained unscathed. The medical practices\ncustomized by the Ashtavaidyans who themselves were an “outcaste” within the Namboodiri community was highly codified and has remained a closely guarded secret within their lineage. This essay probes into the multiple reasons behind how the Ashtavaidya tradition retained its relevance, despite the colonial gambit to repudiate the indigenous practices. Through the legends and mythical stories woven around the healing\npractices of Ashtavaidyans in Aithihyamala by the court scribe of 19th century, Kottarathil Sankunni, the\nessay argues that relevance of the Ashtavaidyans could be due to the transformation of Ashtavaidya tradition as markers of cultural pride and the popular image generated by various myths and legends that got registered in the public consciousness.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities},\n\tauthor = {Vinai, Maya},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, Ayurveda, Healing, Kerala, Social History of Medicine, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {1--12},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n During the early 19th century, health and medical care was one of the avenues of contestations whereby the British Raj sought to establish their hegemony. With the introduction of western epistemic framework, allopathic medicine became the official medical system of British India. Licenses, charters, permits and acts, colonial hospitals and doctors came together to disparage the indigenous system of medicine and healthcare. Assailed as using “unscientific Oriental procedures’ several folk healers lost their traditional practice and livelihood. However, amidst all these colossal manoeuvres, the popularity and relevance of the Ashtavaidya tradition, practiced by eighteen Namboodiri families in Kerala remained unscathed. The medical practices customized by the Ashtavaidyans who themselves were an “outcaste” within the Namboodiri community was highly codified and has remained a closely guarded secret within their lineage. This essay probes into the multiple reasons behind how the Ashtavaidya tradition retained its relevance, despite the colonial gambit to repudiate the indigenous practices. Through the legends and mythical stories woven around the healing practices of Ashtavaidyans in Aithihyamala by the court scribe of 19th century, Kottarathil Sankunni, the essay argues that relevance of the Ashtavaidyans could be due to the transformation of Ashtavaidya tradition as markers of cultural pride and the popular image generated by various myths and legends that got registered in the public consciousness.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The History of Forensic Science in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Basu, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{basu_history_2021,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {The {History} of {Forensic} {Science} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/The-History-of-Forensic-Science-in-India/Basu/p/book/9781032011165},\n\tabstract = {This book explores the interaction between science and society and the development of forensic science as well as the historical roots of crime detection in colonial India.\n\nCovering a period from the mid-19th to mid-20th century, the author examines how British colonial rulers changed the perception of crime which prevailed in the colonial states and introduced forensic science as a measure of criminal identification in the Indian subcontinent. The book traces the historical background of the development and use of forensic science in civil and criminal investigation during the colonial period, and explores the extent to which forensic science has proven useful in investigation and trials. Connecting the historical beginning of forensic science with its socio historical context and diversity of scientific application for crime detection, this book sheds new light on the history of forensic science in colonial India.\n\nUsing an interdisciplinary approach incorporating science and technology studies and history of crime detection, the book will be of interest to researchers in the fields of forensic science, criminology, science and technology studies, law, South Asian history and colonial history.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-08},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Basu, Sumitra},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, 20th Century, Crime, Forensic Science, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book explores the interaction between science and society and the development of forensic science as well as the historical roots of crime detection in colonial India. Covering a period from the mid-19th to mid-20th century, the author examines how British colonial rulers changed the perception of crime which prevailed in the colonial states and introduced forensic science as a measure of criminal identification in the Indian subcontinent. The book traces the historical background of the development and use of forensic science in civil and criminal investigation during the colonial period, and explores the extent to which forensic science has proven useful in investigation and trials. Connecting the historical beginning of forensic science with its socio historical context and diversity of scientific application for crime detection, this book sheds new light on the history of forensic science in colonial India. Using an interdisciplinary approach incorporating science and technology studies and history of crime detection, the book will be of interest to researchers in the fields of forensic science, criminology, science and technology studies, law, South Asian history and colonial history.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Illicit Medicines in the Global South: Public Health Access and Pharmaceutical Regulation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Quet, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, London, October 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{quet_illicit_2021,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {Illicit {Medicines} in the {Global} {South}: {Public} {Health} {Access} and {Pharmaceutical} {Regulation}},\n\tisbn = {9781003194767},\n\tshorttitle = {Illicit {Medicines} in the {Global} {South}},\n\tabstract = {This book investigates pharmaceutical regulation and the public health issue of fake or illicit medicines in developing countries.\n\nThe book analyses the evolution of pharmaceutical capitalism, showing how the entanglement of market and health interests has come to shape global regulation. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in India, Kenya, and Europe, it demonstrates how large pharmaceutical companies have used the fight against fake medicines to serve their strategic interests and protect their monopolies, sometimes to the detriment of access to medicines in developing countries. The book investigates how the contemporary dynamics of pharmaceutical power in global markets have gone on to shape societies locally, resulting in more security-oriented policies. These processes highlight the key consequences of contemporary "logistical regimes" for access to health.\n\nProviding important insights on how the flows of commodities, persons, and knowledge shape contemporary access to medicines in the developing countries, this book will be of considerable interest to policy makers and regulators, and to scholars and students across sociology, science and technology studies, global health, and development studies.},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Quet, Mathieu},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781003194767},\n\tkeywords = {Capitalism, Controversy over Science and Technology, Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, India, Kenya},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book investigates pharmaceutical regulation and the public health issue of fake or illicit medicines in developing countries. The book analyses the evolution of pharmaceutical capitalism, showing how the entanglement of market and health interests has come to shape global regulation. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in India, Kenya, and Europe, it demonstrates how large pharmaceutical companies have used the fight against fake medicines to serve their strategic interests and protect their monopolies, sometimes to the detriment of access to medicines in developing countries. The book investigates how the contemporary dynamics of pharmaceutical power in global markets have gone on to shape societies locally, resulting in more security-oriented policies. These processes highlight the key consequences of contemporary \"logistical regimes\" for access to health. Providing important insights on how the flows of commodities, persons, and knowledge shape contemporary access to medicines in the developing countries, this book will be of considerable interest to policy makers and regulators, and to scholars and students across sociology, science and technology studies, global health, and development studies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Multisituated: Ethnography as Diasporic Praxis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rajan, K. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Duke University Press, Durham, September 2021.\n Google-Books-ID: I3xEEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rajan_multisituated_2021,\n\taddress = {Durham},\n\ttitle = {Multisituated: {Ethnography} as {Diasporic} {Praxis}},\n\tisbn = {9781478022206},\n\tabstract = {In Multisituated Kaushik Sunder Rajan evaluates the promises and potentials of multisited ethnography with regard to contemporary debates around decolonizing anthropology and the university. He observes that at the current moment, anthropology is increasingly peopled by diasporic students and researchers, all of whom are accountable to multiple communities beyond the discipline. In this light, Sunder Rajan draws on his pedagogical experience and dialogues to reconceptualize ethnography as a multisituated practice of knowledge production, ethical interlocution, and political intervention. Such a multisituated ethnography responds to contemporary anthropology’s myriad commitments as it privileges attention to questions of scale, comparison, and the politics of ethnographic encounters. Foregrounding the conditions of possibility and difficulty for those doing and teaching ethnography in the twenty-first-century, Sunder Rajan gestures toward an ethos and praxis of ethnography that would open new forms of engagement and research.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Rajan, Kaushik Sunder},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: I3xEEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Decolonization, Ethnography, Multisited Ethnography, STS Methods},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In Multisituated Kaushik Sunder Rajan evaluates the promises and potentials of multisited ethnography with regard to contemporary debates around decolonizing anthropology and the university. He observes that at the current moment, anthropology is increasingly peopled by diasporic students and researchers, all of whom are accountable to multiple communities beyond the discipline. In this light, Sunder Rajan draws on his pedagogical experience and dialogues to reconceptualize ethnography as a multisituated practice of knowledge production, ethical interlocution, and political intervention. Such a multisituated ethnography responds to contemporary anthropology’s myriad commitments as it privileges attention to questions of scale, comparison, and the politics of ethnographic encounters. Foregrounding the conditions of possibility and difficulty for those doing and teaching ethnography in the twenty-first-century, Sunder Rajan gestures toward an ethos and praxis of ethnography that would open new forms of engagement and research.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Diplomacy for South Asian Countries: Insights and Breakthroughs.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Goel, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Springer Nature, Singapore, November 2021.\n Google-Books-ID: RElSEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{goel_science_2021,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Science {Diplomacy} for {South} {Asian} {Countries}: {Insights} and {Breakthroughs}},\n\tisbn = {9789811630255},\n\tshorttitle = {Science {Diplomacy} for {South} {Asian} {Countries}},\n\tabstract = {This book provides a science diplomacy outlook as a new governance tool in international cooperation. It elaborates on India's current S\\&T collaboration with Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and science policy and science diplomacy in India. The book introduces concepts and contours of science diplomacy with international examples. It presents insights into international governance models, mega-science projects, and science diplomacy's role in addressing global climate change and sustainable development challenges. The book is a valuable reference to spark breakthroughs in India’s science diplomacy with its neighbouring countries for scientists, diplomats, policymakers, government, and non-government institutions interested in science and diplomacy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature},\n\tauthor = {Goel, Malti},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: RElSEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Indian Scientific Research Institutions, International Collaboration, Science Diplomacy, Science Policy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book provides a science diplomacy outlook as a new governance tool in international cooperation. It elaborates on India's current S&T collaboration with Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and science policy and science diplomacy in India. The book introduces concepts and contours of science diplomacy with international examples. It presents insights into international governance models, mega-science projects, and science diplomacy's role in addressing global climate change and sustainable development challenges. The book is a valuable reference to spark breakthroughs in India’s science diplomacy with its neighbouring countries for scientists, diplomats, policymakers, government, and non-government institutions interested in science and diplomacy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Uses of Useful Knowledge and the Languages of Vernacular Science: Perspectives from Southwest India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gurevitch, E. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History of Science, 59(3): 256–286. September 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gurevitch_uses_2021,\n\ttitle = {The {Uses} of {Useful} {Knowledge} and the {Languages} of {Vernacular} {Science}: {Perspectives} from {Southwest} {India}},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {0073-2753, 1753-8564},\n\tshorttitle = {The uses of useful knowledge and the languages of vernacular science},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0073275320931976},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0073275320931976},\n\tabstract = {In the first half of the eleventh century, a group of scholars in southwest India did something new. They began composing systematic texts about everyday life in a register of language sometimes called New Kannada. While looking back toward earlier texts composed in Sanskrit – and even translating portions of them – these scholars centered their poetic ability and their personal experiences as opposed to prior authoritative texts. They described themselves as authoring “worldly sciences” that were “useful to the people of the world,” and they provided extensive reflections on the systematics of knowledge. Epistemic, linguistic, and political concerns were significantly renegotiated in this moment as local context was turned into a virtue for the production of technical treatises. This article uses this moment to interrogate recent discussions of useful knowledge and vernacular science. Usefulness can mean different things at different times and vernacular sciences change according to their language. This article argues for a usage of both terms that is more attuned to historical particulars. A history of useful knowledge from a place that now appears under the double effacement of the non-modern and non-West offers an opportunity to think through central concepts of the history of science without relying on economic or utilitarian discourses. This paper presents one possible example of what a more global history of useful knowledge might look like.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Gurevitch, Eric Moses},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {11th Century, Kannada, Local knowledge},\n\tpages = {256--286},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the first half of the eleventh century, a group of scholars in southwest India did something new. They began composing systematic texts about everyday life in a register of language sometimes called New Kannada. While looking back toward earlier texts composed in Sanskrit – and even translating portions of them – these scholars centered their poetic ability and their personal experiences as opposed to prior authoritative texts. They described themselves as authoring “worldly sciences” that were “useful to the people of the world,” and they provided extensive reflections on the systematics of knowledge. Epistemic, linguistic, and political concerns were significantly renegotiated in this moment as local context was turned into a virtue for the production of technical treatises. This article uses this moment to interrogate recent discussions of useful knowledge and vernacular science. Usefulness can mean different things at different times and vernacular sciences change according to their language. This article argues for a usage of both terms that is more attuned to historical particulars. A history of useful knowledge from a place that now appears under the double effacement of the non-modern and non-West offers an opportunity to think through central concepts of the history of science without relying on economic or utilitarian discourses. This paper presents one possible example of what a more global history of useful knowledge might look like.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Global Embedding of Automobility: Making a Case for a Hybrid STS Framework of Analysis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gopakumar, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Energy Research & Social Science, 78: 102148. August 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gopakumar_global_2021,\n\ttitle = {The {Global} {Embedding} of {Automobility}: {Making} a {Case} for a {Hybrid} {STS} {Framework} of {Analysis}},\n\tvolume = {78},\n\tissn = {2214-6296},\n\tshorttitle = {The global embedding of automobility},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629621002413},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.erss.2021.102148},\n\tabstract = {It is evident that Science and Technology Studies (STS) offers important insights for energy studies research. Yet, attending to global energy problems has received less attention within this budding research engagement. Building upon John Urry’s theorization of the global, this paper calls for considering the embedding of automobility in the global South in order for the growing STS and energy studies research to take the global seriously. Empirically investigating automobility is timely and STS’ diverse tool-box of theories is uniquely positioned for the task. With the street as locus, I propose a hybrid framework that draws upon several STS literatures to conceptualize the politics of automobility in the global south. Relying on STS for this purpose offers pathways towards just low-carbon transitions.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Energy Research \\& Social Science},\n\tauthor = {Gopakumar, Govind},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Automobility, Cities, Global, Global South, India, Technopolitics},\n\tpages = {102148},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n It is evident that Science and Technology Studies (STS) offers important insights for energy studies research. Yet, attending to global energy problems has received less attention within this budding research engagement. Building upon John Urry’s theorization of the global, this paper calls for considering the embedding of automobility in the global South in order for the growing STS and energy studies research to take the global seriously. Empirically investigating automobility is timely and STS’ diverse tool-box of theories is uniquely positioned for the task. With the street as locus, I propose a hybrid framework that draws upon several STS literatures to conceptualize the politics of automobility in the global south. Relying on STS for this purpose offers pathways towards just low-carbon transitions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Queer Terror! Technophobia and the Heteronormative Nation in Iru Mugan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lakkad, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Indian Posthumanism Network, June 2021. Indian Posthumanism Network\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{lakkad_queer_2021,\n\ttitle = {Queer {Terror}! {Technophobia} and the {Heteronormative} {Nation} in {Iru} {Mugan}},\n\turl = {https://posthumanism.in/articles/queer-terror-technophobia-and-the-heteronormative-nation-in-iru-mugan-by-abhishek-lakkad/},\n\tabstract = {"This paper situates itself at the intersection of film studies, science fiction studies and posthumanism while also using insights from queer studies. The paper offers an analysis of the Tamil film Iru Mugan (Anand Shankar 2016) with regard to the ambivalence in the depiction of its queer/transgender antagonist. In the film, a transgender scientist engages in the unethical use of techno-scientific knowledge which threatens national and global security while also destabilising the conventional, heterosexual boundaries of human life. The film uses the “masala filmic conventions” (Kaur 2013, 286) typical of Tamil/Indian cinema to create a narrative that articulates anxieties about the boundaries of the nation, the human body and techno-scientific knowledge. To analyse the depiction of the transgender terrorist, I draw upon Jasbir Puar’s (2007) formulation of “sexual exceptionalism” which she elaborates in the context of U.S. national security wherein she suggests that the status of homosexual subjects gets constructed as outlaws/deviants/terrorists because heterosexuality is regarded (by the state and the wider society?) as “a necessary constitutive factor of national identity”. Further, one of the primary ways sexual exceptionalism is executed is through “discourses of sexual repression” which lead to “geopolitical global mapping of sexual cultural norms”."\n[From the Introduction]},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tbooktitle = {Indian {Posthumanism} {Network}},\n\tpublisher = {Indian Posthumanism Network},\n\tauthor = {Lakkad, Abhishek},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Cultural Studies of S\\&T, Film Studies of Science, India, Queer Studies of S\\&T, Science Fiction, Tamil},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"This paper situates itself at the intersection of film studies, science fiction studies and posthumanism while also using insights from queer studies. The paper offers an analysis of the Tamil film Iru Mugan (Anand Shankar 2016) with regard to the ambivalence in the depiction of its queer/transgender antagonist. In the film, a transgender scientist engages in the unethical use of techno-scientific knowledge which threatens national and global security while also destabilising the conventional, heterosexual boundaries of human life. The film uses the “masala filmic conventions” (Kaur 2013, 286) typical of Tamil/Indian cinema to create a narrative that articulates anxieties about the boundaries of the nation, the human body and techno-scientific knowledge. To analyse the depiction of the transgender terrorist, I draw upon Jasbir Puar’s (2007) formulation of “sexual exceptionalism” which she elaborates in the context of U.S. national security wherein she suggests that the status of homosexual subjects gets constructed as outlaws/deviants/terrorists because heterosexuality is regarded (by the state and the wider society?) as “a necessary constitutive factor of national identity”. Further, one of the primary ways sexual exceptionalism is executed is through “discourses of sexual repression” which lead to “geopolitical global mapping of sexual cultural norms”.\" [From the Introduction]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Knowledge Politics, Vulnerability and Recognition-based Justice: Public Participation in Renewable Energy Transitions in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pandey, P.; and Sharma, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Energy Research & Social Science, 71: 101824. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{pandey_knowledge_2021,\n\ttitle = {Knowledge {Politics}, {Vulnerability} and {Recognition}-based {Justice}: {Public} {Participation} in {Renewable} {Energy} {Transitions} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {71},\n\tshorttitle = {Knowledge politics, vulnerability and recognition-based justice},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620303996},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Energy Research \\& Social Science},\n\tauthor = {Pandey, Poonam and Sharma, Aviram},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {India, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Renewable Energy},\n\tpages = {101824},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n For a Scientifically Conscious and Environmentally Aware Generation: The Role of KSSP and Eureka in Kerala.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jayalakshmi, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Scientific Temper, 9(1-2): 77–90. June 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{jayalakshmi_for_2021,\n\ttitle = {For a {Scientifically} {Conscious} and\nEnvironmentally {Aware} {Generation}:\nThe {Role} of {KSSP} and {Eureka} in {Kerala}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\turl = {https://nopr.niscpr.res.in/bitstream/123456789/57575/1/JST%209%281-2%29%2077-90.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.56042/jst.v9i1-2.67139},\n\tabstract = {In the present world of increasing environmental destruction, scientific awareness about the environment is very important. The capitalist giants in the world have been using science and technology to exploit nature. In such a scenario, it is necessary to develop awareness regarding the use and abuse of science in matters related to environment and other aspects of life.\nThe Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) has been working in Kerala since 1962 towards developing scientific thinking among the general public. More than mere popularization of modern science, the democratization of science for a better democracy is the prime objective of KSSP. It is from this vantage point of the social function of science KSSP intervened into other aspects of society. Children’s education is another important area of intervention of KSSP. In order to develop scientific aptitude among children and to change the traditional way of science teaching in educational institutions, KSSP organized programmes to incorporate informal education along with formal education. Its educational programmes encouraged children to observe their environment and study the destruction happening to it. Eureka, a children’s magazine by KSSP, emphasizes science education for primary school children. It also devoted its pages for developing environmental awareness among children. Through Eureka, KSSP has contributed to the development of a scientifically tempered generation that is conscious about and responsible towards sustainable interference into the environment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Scientific Temper},\n\tauthor = {Jayalakshmi, E.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Children, India, Kerala, Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Popular Science, Radical Science Movements, Science Education, Science Magazines},\n\tpages = {77--90},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the present world of increasing environmental destruction, scientific awareness about the environment is very important. The capitalist giants in the world have been using science and technology to exploit nature. In such a scenario, it is necessary to develop awareness regarding the use and abuse of science in matters related to environment and other aspects of life. The Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) has been working in Kerala since 1962 towards developing scientific thinking among the general public. More than mere popularization of modern science, the democratization of science for a better democracy is the prime objective of KSSP. It is from this vantage point of the social function of science KSSP intervened into other aspects of society. Children’s education is another important area of intervention of KSSP. In order to develop scientific aptitude among children and to change the traditional way of science teaching in educational institutions, KSSP organized programmes to incorporate informal education along with formal education. Its educational programmes encouraged children to observe their environment and study the destruction happening to it. Eureka, a children’s magazine by KSSP, emphasizes science education for primary school children. It also devoted its pages for developing environmental awareness among children. Through Eureka, KSSP has contributed to the development of a scientifically tempered generation that is conscious about and responsible towards sustainable interference into the environment.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gender-Affirmative Technologies and the Contemporary Making of Gender in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Achuthan, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economy and Society, 50(3): 423–447. July 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{achuthan_gender-affirmative_2021,\n\ttitle = {Gender-{Affirmative} {Technologies} and the {Contemporary} {Making} of {Gender} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0308-5147, 1469-5766},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03085147.2021.1883322},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/03085147.2021.1883322},\n\tabstract = {This paper explores gender-affirmative technologies in the contemporary Indian context, drawing on the findings of a qualitative study of medical practice across four Indian cities and an analysis of state documents. It examines terminological protocols and therapeutic crafting as aspects of human technologies that mobilize affects of distress and aspiration to facilitate belongingness to the universalized identity ‘transgender’, a crafting that also enacts an absorption of the hijra figure into the universal category transwoman. It links these technologies to community-building, emergence of behavioural categories and management of bodies and risk developing from the 1990s to the present in India. It explores the medical assemblage, including institutionalized healthcare and extended sites of expert authority, proposing a shift in reading of discrimination as strategies of containment and relocation of self-determination within state language and the clinic today.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tjournal = {Economy and Society},\n\tauthor = {Achuthan, Asha},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Biomedicine, Feminist STS, Gender and Medical Technologies, India, Medicalisation of Body, Queer Studies of S\\&T, Transgender},\n\tpages = {423--447},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper explores gender-affirmative technologies in the contemporary Indian context, drawing on the findings of a qualitative study of medical practice across four Indian cities and an analysis of state documents. It examines terminological protocols and therapeutic crafting as aspects of human technologies that mobilize affects of distress and aspiration to facilitate belongingness to the universalized identity ‘transgender’, a crafting that also enacts an absorption of the hijra figure into the universal category transwoman. It links these technologies to community-building, emergence of behavioural categories and management of bodies and risk developing from the 1990s to the present in India. It explores the medical assemblage, including institutionalized healthcare and extended sites of expert authority, proposing a shift in reading of discrimination as strategies of containment and relocation of self-determination within state language and the clinic today.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Making Merit: The Indian Institutes of Technology and the Social Life of Caste.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramanian, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Politics and Kinship. Routledge, New York, 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{subramanian_making_2021,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Making {Merit}: {The} {Indian} {Institutes} of {Technology} and the {Social} {Life} of {Caste}},\n\tisbn = {9781003003595},\n\tshorttitle = {Making {Merit}},\n\tabstract = {The social world is accumulated history, and if it is not to be reduced to a discontinuous series of instantaneous mechanical equilibria between agents who are treated as inter-changeable particles, one must reintroduce into it the notion of capital and with it, accumulation and all its effects. In India today, the technical sciences are prized as the true measure of intellectual worth and a proven means of professional advancement. Beginning in the mid-1970s, scholarly attention shifted from the modernist treatment of caste as an outmoded form of social organization and affiliation rooted in Hindu text and ritual, to its treatment as a localized formation that is inherently political, and even intrinsic to the democratic process. The relationality of claims to merit can be seen clearly in Tamilnadu and at IIT Madras. IIT Madras has not simply been a site for Brahmin caste kinship within a “non-Brahmin” region.},\n\tbooktitle = {Politics and {Kinship}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Subramanian, Ajantha},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Engineering, Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, IITs, India, Institutions, Science Education, Sociology of Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The social world is accumulated history, and if it is not to be reduced to a discontinuous series of instantaneous mechanical equilibria between agents who are treated as inter-changeable particles, one must reintroduce into it the notion of capital and with it, accumulation and all its effects. In India today, the technical sciences are prized as the true measure of intellectual worth and a proven means of professional advancement. Beginning in the mid-1970s, scholarly attention shifted from the modernist treatment of caste as an outmoded form of social organization and affiliation rooted in Hindu text and ritual, to its treatment as a localized formation that is inherently political, and even intrinsic to the democratic process. The relationality of claims to merit can be seen clearly in Tamilnadu and at IIT Madras. IIT Madras has not simply been a site for Brahmin caste kinship within a “non-Brahmin” region.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Policy, Users and Discourses: Examples from Bikeshare Programs in (Kolkata) India and (Manila) Philippines.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharmeen, F.; Ghosh, B.; and Mateo-Babiano, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Transport Geography, 90: 102898. January 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharmeen_policy_2021,\n\ttitle = {Policy, {Users} and {Discourses}: {Examples} from {Bikeshare} {Programs} in ({Kolkata}) {India} and ({Manila}) {Philippines}},\n\tvolume = {90},\n\tissn = {0966-6923},\n\tshorttitle = {Policy, users and discourses},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692320309753},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102898},\n\tabstract = {This paper examines two bikeshare programs implemented in two Global South cities, examining the role of users in promoting sustainable transport. To explore the sustainability of smart cycling, we argue that it is important to understand the prevailing administrative and socio-institutional practices within a given context. For the effective stabilisation of smart regimes, harmony between the administrative and socio-institutional practices must be established. In this context, we introduce a complementary approach to understanding transitions. Maintenance of political commitments and institutional support are crucial for cycling success, not incidental footloose initiatives. We explore two case studies in the context of the Global South, in the first one top-down policies and planning initiatives dictate the directions of transitions by enabling or constraining user routines. In the second one, citizens take control to resolve a transport deficit by initiating and driving a very bottom-up user-led transition narrative. We propose a framework to cater to the unique political, cultural and smart discourses of the Global South and the role of users in conjunction with the administrative and socio-institutional practices around them. Investigating both the bikeshare cases through the lens of this framework provides unique insights extending our knowledge beyond the built environment features of sustainable planning initiatives. Our findings reveal the complex narratives that are in play in developing nations and conclude that understanding and realising cycling transitions in southern megacities require a different approach compared to the Global North.},\n\turldate = {2024-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Transport Geography},\n\tauthor = {Sharmeen, Fariya and Ghosh, Bipashyee and Mateo-Babiano, Iderlina},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Comparative Analysis, India, Kolkata, Megacities, Philippines, Sociology of Technology, Transition, User roles},\n\tpages = {102898},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper examines two bikeshare programs implemented in two Global South cities, examining the role of users in promoting sustainable transport. To explore the sustainability of smart cycling, we argue that it is important to understand the prevailing administrative and socio-institutional practices within a given context. For the effective stabilisation of smart regimes, harmony between the administrative and socio-institutional practices must be established. In this context, we introduce a complementary approach to understanding transitions. Maintenance of political commitments and institutional support are crucial for cycling success, not incidental footloose initiatives. We explore two case studies in the context of the Global South, in the first one top-down policies and planning initiatives dictate the directions of transitions by enabling or constraining user routines. In the second one, citizens take control to resolve a transport deficit by initiating and driving a very bottom-up user-led transition narrative. We propose a framework to cater to the unique political, cultural and smart discourses of the Global South and the role of users in conjunction with the administrative and socio-institutional practices around them. Investigating both the bikeshare cases through the lens of this framework provides unique insights extending our knowledge beyond the built environment features of sustainable planning initiatives. Our findings reveal the complex narratives that are in play in developing nations and conclude that understanding and realising cycling transitions in southern megacities require a different approach compared to the Global North.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Socialized Medicine has Always been Political: COVID-19, Science and Biopower in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raveendran, A.; and Bazzul, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cultural Studies of Science Education, 16(4): 995–1013. December 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raveendran_socialized_2021,\n\ttitle = {Socialized {Medicine} has {Always} been {Political}: {COVID}-19, {Science} and {Biopower} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1871-1510},\n\tshorttitle = {Socialized medicine has always been political},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-021-10093-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11422-021-10093-1},\n\tabstract = {In this article, we discuss the tensions surrounding science, biopower, and citizenship that have been thrown into sharp relief by the COVID 19 pandemic. We situate these tensions in the epistemological and political conflict between science, public health education, and alternative medical systems that has been rekindled by the pandemic in India. To do so, we critically examine media articles and health education documents in the form of illustrated narratives/posters to show how education, science, and biopower are inseparable; and must therefore be considered an important part of any programme of critical justice-oriented science education. We employ a biopolitical framework, drawing largely from the work of Michel Foucault, to expose relevant sociopolitical tensions between tradition and modernity, truth and power, governance and science, which are invoked in times of crisis (such as pandemics) and give shape to fundamentals issue of science and citizenship. This article attempts to add to the conversation begun by Flavia Rezende et al.’s (2021) “South Epistemologies to invent post-pandemic science education”, who related the COVID-19 pandemic to the political situation in Brazil emphasizing the necessity to reclaim indigenous ways of being and relating to nature. We draw implications for science education research and praxis that exceed any one pandemic or political crisis.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Cultural Studies of Science Education},\n\tauthor = {Raveendran, Aswathy and Bazzul, Jesse},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Biopower, COVID-19, Pandemic, Power/knowledge, Subjectivity},\n\tpages = {995--1013},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this article, we discuss the tensions surrounding science, biopower, and citizenship that have been thrown into sharp relief by the COVID 19 pandemic. We situate these tensions in the epistemological and political conflict between science, public health education, and alternative medical systems that has been rekindled by the pandemic in India. To do so, we critically examine media articles and health education documents in the form of illustrated narratives/posters to show how education, science, and biopower are inseparable; and must therefore be considered an important part of any programme of critical justice-oriented science education. We employ a biopolitical framework, drawing largely from the work of Michel Foucault, to expose relevant sociopolitical tensions between tradition and modernity, truth and power, governance and science, which are invoked in times of crisis (such as pandemics) and give shape to fundamentals issue of science and citizenship. This article attempts to add to the conversation begun by Flavia Rezende et al.’s (2021) “South Epistemologies to invent post-pandemic science education”, who related the COVID-19 pandemic to the political situation in Brazil emphasizing the necessity to reclaim indigenous ways of being and relating to nature. We draw implications for science education research and praxis that exceed any one pandemic or political crisis.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Distant, Opaque and Seamful: Seeing the State through the Workings of Aadhaar in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chaudhuri, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Information Technology for Development, 27(1): 37–49. January 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{chaudhuri_distant_2021,\n\ttitle = {Distant, {Opaque} and {Seamful}: {Seeing} the {State} through the {Workings} of {Aadhaar} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {0268-1102, 1554-0170},\n\tshorttitle = {Distant, opaque and seamful},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02681102.2020.1789037},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/02681102.2020.1789037},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Information Technology for Development},\n\tauthor = {Chaudhuri, Bidisha},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Aadhaar, Digital STS, Digital citizenship, E-governance, Governmentality, India},\n\tpages = {37--49},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Genetically Modified Democracy: Transgenic Crops in Contemporary India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Aga, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Yale University Press, New Haven, November 2021.\n Google-Books-ID: Fq9FEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{aga_genetically_2021,\n\taddress = {New Haven},\n\ttitle = {Genetically {Modified} {Democracy}: {Transgenic} {Crops} in {Contemporary} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780300262582},\n\tshorttitle = {Genetically {Modified} {Democracy}},\n\tabstract = {How the debate over genetically modified crops in India is transforming science and politicsGenetically modified or transgenic crops are controversial across the world. Advocates see such crops as crucial to feeding the world’s growing population; critics oppose them for pushing farmers deeper into ecological and economic distress, and for shoring up the power of agribusinesses. India leads the world in terms of the intensity of democratic engagement with transgenic crops. Anthropologist Aniket Aga excavates the genealogy of conflicts of interest and disputes over truth that animate the ongoing debate in India around the commercial release of transgenic food crops. The debate may well transform agriculture and food irreversibly in a country already witness to widespread agrarian distress, and over 300,000 suicides by farmers in the last two decades. Aga illustrates how state, science, and agrarian capitalism interact in novel ways to transform how democracy is lived and understood, and sheds light on the dynamics of technological change in populous, unequal polities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Yale University Press},\n\tauthor = {Aga, Aniket},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Fq9FEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Agrarian Crisis, Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, GMOs, India, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science and Democracy, Science and Environment},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n How the debate over genetically modified crops in India is transforming science and politicsGenetically modified or transgenic crops are controversial across the world. Advocates see such crops as crucial to feeding the world’s growing population; critics oppose them for pushing farmers deeper into ecological and economic distress, and for shoring up the power of agribusinesses. India leads the world in terms of the intensity of democratic engagement with transgenic crops. Anthropologist Aniket Aga excavates the genealogy of conflicts of interest and disputes over truth that animate the ongoing debate in India around the commercial release of transgenic food crops. The debate may well transform agriculture and food irreversibly in a country already witness to widespread agrarian distress, and over 300,000 suicides by farmers in the last two decades. Aga illustrates how state, science, and agrarian capitalism interact in novel ways to transform how democracy is lived and understood, and sheds light on the dynamics of technological change in populous, unequal polities.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Grassroots Innovation: Mainstreaming the Discourse of Informal Sector.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sheikh, F. A.; and Kumar, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Godin, B.; Gaglio, G.; and Vinck, D., editor(s), Handbook on Alternative Theories of Innovation, pages 212–232. Edward Elgar Publishing, October 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@incollection{sheikh_grassroots_2021,\n\ttitle = {Grassroots {Innovation}: {Mainstreaming} the {Discourse} of {Informal} {Sector}},\n\tisbn = {9781789902303},\n\tshorttitle = {Grassroots innovation},\n\turl = {https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781789902303/book-part-9781789902303-24.xml},\n\tabstract = {Producers' innovations represent the holy grail of economic development. Yet innovations have recently come under fire for perpetuating exclusion. Non-dominant innovation models are increasingly promoted to facilitate inclusion and have been proposed to tackle global concerns such as poverty and climate change. Informal sector innovations have especially captured development scholars' attention, including grassroots innovations (GIs). GIs are born outside organizational structures and without planned R\\&D but have been misconceived as lacking historical context. This chapter details the factors spurring GIs' marginalization, namely by deconstructing an elitist portrayal of innovations and illuminating the pro-market innovation narrative that has undermined subaltern innovators' contributions. By critically synthesizing the extant literature through a multidisciplinary lens, this chapter highlights the political and economic rationale behind GIs' relative exclusion. Proactive measures to devise hybrid innovation models and sustainable innovation policies are also highlighted to enrich the GI narrative in today's innovation landscape.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tbooktitle = {Handbook on {Alternative} {Theories} of {Innovation}},\n\tpublisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Sheikh, Fayaz Ahmad and Kumar, Hemant},\n\teditor = {Godin, Benoit and Gaglio, Gérald and Vinck, Dominique},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {India, Informal sector, Innovation studies},\n\tpages = {212--232},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Producers' innovations represent the holy grail of economic development. Yet innovations have recently come under fire for perpetuating exclusion. Non-dominant innovation models are increasingly promoted to facilitate inclusion and have been proposed to tackle global concerns such as poverty and climate change. Informal sector innovations have especially captured development scholars' attention, including grassroots innovations (GIs). GIs are born outside organizational structures and without planned R&D but have been misconceived as lacking historical context. This chapter details the factors spurring GIs' marginalization, namely by deconstructing an elitist portrayal of innovations and illuminating the pro-market innovation narrative that has undermined subaltern innovators' contributions. By critically synthesizing the extant literature through a multidisciplinary lens, this chapter highlights the political and economic rationale behind GIs' relative exclusion. Proactive measures to devise hybrid innovation models and sustainable innovation policies are also highlighted to enrich the GI narrative in today's innovation landscape.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Collaboration without Consensus: Building Resilience in Sustainable Agriculture through ICTs.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chaudhuri, B.; and Kendall, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Information Society, 37(1): 1–19. January 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{chaudhuri_collaboration_2021,\n\ttitle = {Collaboration without {Consensus}: {Building} {Resilience} in {Sustainable} {Agriculture} through {ICTs}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0197-2243, 1087-6537},\n\tshorttitle = {Collaboration without consensus},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01972243.2020.1844828},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01972243.2020.1844828},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {The Information Society},\n\tauthor = {Chaudhuri, Bidisha and Kendall, Linus},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, Digital STS, India, Information \\& Communication Technology, Sustainable Development},\n\tpages = {1--19},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Invoking the Political in Socioscientific Issues: A Study of Indian Students' Discussions on Commercial Surrogacy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raveendran, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science Education, 105(1): 62–98. January 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raveendran_invoking_2021,\n\ttitle = {Invoking the {Political} in {Socioscientific} {Issues}: {A} {Study} of {Indian} {Students}' {Discussions} on {Commercial} {Surrogacy}},\n\tvolume = {105},\n\tissn = {0036-8326, 1098-237X},\n\tshorttitle = {Invoking the political in socioscientific issues},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sce.21601},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/sce.21601},\n\tabstract = {Abstract \n The political nature of socioscientific controversies becomes starkly apparent in countries of the Global South where science and technology are embedded in societies characterized by pervasive structural inequalities which, in part, were created by the Global North. This article presents empirical work from the standpoint of a critical science educator, which attempts to highlight the political nature of socioscientific controversies, in‐line with criticisms of the dominant paradigm of research on socioscientific issues (SSIs) that foregrounds moral over political considerations, and the logico‐scientific over narrative modes of expression. The study highlights these aspects using the SSI of commercial surrogacy, involving data collected from 39 Indian students through interviews as well as group discussions—as they negotiated a SSI of commercial surrogacy. The data were analyzed in three parts and involved a discussion of: (1) the ethico‐political considerations that were raised; (2) the nature of standpoints that the students adopted; and (3) the nature of disagreements that were raised in discussions. The results reveal that the students in the study adopted a wide variety of ethico‐political positions on the issue, which were mostly supportive of, but occasionally challenged structural inequalities related to caste, class, and gender. The study examines these positions using a theoretical framework that draws on scholarship within the critical studies of science education.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Science Education},\n\tauthor = {Raveendran, Aswathy},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {62--98},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract The political nature of socioscientific controversies becomes starkly apparent in countries of the Global South where science and technology are embedded in societies characterized by pervasive structural inequalities which, in part, were created by the Global North. This article presents empirical work from the standpoint of a critical science educator, which attempts to highlight the political nature of socioscientific controversies, in‐line with criticisms of the dominant paradigm of research on socioscientific issues (SSIs) that foregrounds moral over political considerations, and the logico‐scientific over narrative modes of expression. The study highlights these aspects using the SSI of commercial surrogacy, involving data collected from 39 Indian students through interviews as well as group discussions—as they negotiated a SSI of commercial surrogacy. The data were analyzed in three parts and involved a discussion of: (1) the ethico‐political considerations that were raised; (2) the nature of standpoints that the students adopted; and (3) the nature of disagreements that were raised in discussions. The results reveal that the students in the study adopted a wide variety of ethico‐political positions on the issue, which were mostly supportive of, but occasionally challenged structural inequalities related to caste, class, and gender. The study examines these positions using a theoretical framework that draws on scholarship within the critical studies of science education.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Subaltern Surgeries: Colonial Law and the Regulation of Traditional Medicines in the British Raj and Beyond.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 36: 89–112. June 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_subaltern_2021,\n\ttitle = {Subaltern {Surgeries}: {Colonial} {Law} and the {Regulation} of {Traditional} {Medicines} in the {British} {Raj} and {Beyond}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {Subaltern {Surgeries}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/714222},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/714222},\n\tabstract = {This article examines the trial of a subaltern surgeon named Sukaroo Kobiraj from 1886 to 1887 in British Bengal. The presiding judges explicitly accepted the right of more scholarly “traditional” medical practitioners, such as Ayurvedic practitioners, to engage in their profession, even while criminalizing Sukaroo’s surgical practice. The decision therefore illustrates the need to distinguish subaltern therapeutics from the larger domain of traditional medicines. It also demonstrates that, though legislative intervention into medicine was limited in nineteenth-century Bengal, colonial law did in fact intervene and shape the medical landscape. All this becomes more significant because the Sukaroo case appeared in legal reports of the time, and then was rapidly and widely incorporated into legal textbooks and even annotated versions of the Indian Penal Code, thereby becoming an important legal precedent. It has continued to feature in postcolonial legal textbooks in South Asia and beyond. This long legal shadow cast by the case highlights the ways in which colonial case law has shaped the modern lives of traditional medicines in South Asia. In particular, it demonstrates the long history of tacit assumptions denigrating subaltern therapeutics that have structured the institutionalized medical pluralism operating in contemporary India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-14},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Law and Science, Medical education, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Medicine, Subaltern, Sukaroo Kobiraj, Surgery, Textbooks, Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Medicine},\n\tpages = {89--112},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article examines the trial of a subaltern surgeon named Sukaroo Kobiraj from 1886 to 1887 in British Bengal. The presiding judges explicitly accepted the right of more scholarly “traditional” medical practitioners, such as Ayurvedic practitioners, to engage in their profession, even while criminalizing Sukaroo’s surgical practice. The decision therefore illustrates the need to distinguish subaltern therapeutics from the larger domain of traditional medicines. It also demonstrates that, though legislative intervention into medicine was limited in nineteenth-century Bengal, colonial law did in fact intervene and shape the medical landscape. All this becomes more significant because the Sukaroo case appeared in legal reports of the time, and then was rapidly and widely incorporated into legal textbooks and even annotated versions of the Indian Penal Code, thereby becoming an important legal precedent. It has continued to feature in postcolonial legal textbooks in South Asia and beyond. This long legal shadow cast by the case highlights the ways in which colonial case law has shaped the modern lives of traditional medicines in South Asia. In particular, it demonstrates the long history of tacit assumptions denigrating subaltern therapeutics that have structured the institutionalized medical pluralism operating in contemporary India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Becoming “Traditional”: A Transnational History of Neem and Biopiracy Discourse.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Winterbottom, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 36: 262–283. June 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{winterbottom_becoming_2021,\n\ttitle = {Becoming “{Traditional}”: {A} {Transnational} {History} of {Neem} and {Biopiracy} {Discourse}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {Becoming “{Traditional}”},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/713897},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/713897},\n\tabstract = {During the 1990s and early years of the 2000s, the tree commonly known as neem became a powerful symbol of traditional knowledge, which was contrasted with “biopiracy,” a term coined by activists to describe the appropriation of natural resources and associated knowledge from the Global South. This resulted from high-profile campaigns to rescind two patents held by an American chemical company, W. R. Grace, on neem derivatives for use in biopesticides. Activists and the media highlighted neem’s uses in India, representing Grace’s patents as the corporate plunder of traditional knowledge. This article historicizes the controversy and considers how plant histories relate to intellectual property (IP) debates. The neem case popularized the concept of “biopiracy,” but claims about neem were used in different and even conflicting ways. While activists critiqued the expansion of IP rights to include patents on living things, the case was used by some in India to justify neem-related patents and to extend state jurisdiction over traditional knowledge. The activism of the 1990s also influenced historical work, inspiring studies of colonial appropriations of natural knowledge. Many such works focus on cinchona, the source of quinine. Neem and cinchona have intertwined histories with different endpoints. As cinchona became “modern” and “global,” neem was increasingly viewed as “local” and “traditional,” even while spreading across warmer parts of the world and becoming the object of scientific study. While cinchona is often used to epitomize colonial appropriations of indigenous knowledge, neem represents a different story in which appropriation was partial and the tree was reclaimed as “traditional” in new contexts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-14},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Winterbottom, Anna},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Biopiracy, Cinchona, Intellectual Property Rights, Neem, Special Issue, Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Medicine, Tropical Medicine},\n\tpages = {262--283},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n During the 1990s and early years of the 2000s, the tree commonly known as neem became a powerful symbol of traditional knowledge, which was contrasted with “biopiracy,” a term coined by activists to describe the appropriation of natural resources and associated knowledge from the Global South. This resulted from high-profile campaigns to rescind two patents held by an American chemical company, W. R. Grace, on neem derivatives for use in biopesticides. Activists and the media highlighted neem’s uses in India, representing Grace’s patents as the corporate plunder of traditional knowledge. This article historicizes the controversy and considers how plant histories relate to intellectual property (IP) debates. The neem case popularized the concept of “biopiracy,” but claims about neem were used in different and even conflicting ways. While activists critiqued the expansion of IP rights to include patents on living things, the case was used by some in India to justify neem-related patents and to extend state jurisdiction over traditional knowledge. The activism of the 1990s also influenced historical work, inspiring studies of colonial appropriations of natural knowledge. Many such works focus on cinchona, the source of quinine. Neem and cinchona have intertwined histories with different endpoints. As cinchona became “modern” and “global,” neem was increasingly viewed as “local” and “traditional,” even while spreading across warmer parts of the world and becoming the object of scientific study. While cinchona is often used to epitomize colonial appropriations of indigenous knowledge, neem represents a different story in which appropriation was partial and the tree was reclaimed as “traditional” in new contexts.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Vascularity of Ayurvedic Leech Therapy: Sensory Translations and Emergent Agencies in Interspecies Medicine.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brooks, L. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 35(1): 82–101. March 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brooks_vascularity_2021,\n\ttitle = {The {Vascularity} of {Ayurvedic} {Leech} {Therapy}: {Sensory} {Translations} and {Emergent} {Agencies} in {Interspecies} {Medicine}},\n\tvolume = {35},\n\tissn = {0745-5194},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Vascularity} of {Ayurvedic} {Leech} {Therapy}},\n\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048440/},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/maq.12595},\n\tabstract = {This article offers vascularity as a multi‐dimensional imaginary for the interspecies entanglements constituting Ayurvedic leech therapy. Whether, when, where, and how a leech decides to bite, suck, and release comprise pivotal junctures in leech therapy as practiced in southern Kerala, India. In the course of leech–human intra‐actions, leeches translate matter, providing sensory mediation, relief, and amusement. Enmeshed in social and ecological relations inflected by gender, religion, class, and caste, this analysis of Ayurvedic leech therapy reframes questions of agencies starting with and from the viewpoint of the vascular capacities of leeches in their interactions with humans. This image of vascularity provides an analytic for the emergent agencies of humans and leeches constituted by sensory intra‐actions at branching points in this multispecies clinical practice.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tjournal = {Medical Anthropology Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Brooks, Lisa Allette},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpmid = {32779247},\n\tpmcid = {PMC8048440},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Healing, Kerala, Multispecies Ethnography, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {82--101},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article offers vascularity as a multi‐dimensional imaginary for the interspecies entanglements constituting Ayurvedic leech therapy. Whether, when, where, and how a leech decides to bite, suck, and release comprise pivotal junctures in leech therapy as practiced in southern Kerala, India. In the course of leech–human intra‐actions, leeches translate matter, providing sensory mediation, relief, and amusement. Enmeshed in social and ecological relations inflected by gender, religion, class, and caste, this analysis of Ayurvedic leech therapy reframes questions of agencies starting with and from the viewpoint of the vascular capacities of leeches in their interactions with humans. This image of vascularity provides an analytic for the emergent agencies of humans and leeches constituted by sensory intra‐actions at branching points in this multispecies clinical practice.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Coercion, Consent and Contestation: A Study of Changing Scientific Practices in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mallick, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociological Bulletin, 70(2): 197–213. April 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mallick_coercion_2021,\n\ttitle = {Coercion, {Consent} and {Contestation}: {A} {Study} of {Changing} {Scientific} {Practices} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0038-0229, 2457-0257},\n\tshorttitle = {Coercion, {Consent} and {Contestation}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022921993758},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0038022921993758},\n\tabstract = {The advent of the customer–funder–policymaker as a prominent element in scientific practice since mid-1990s in India and intensifying thereafter seems to have forced scientists to (re)negotiate scientific boundaries and to do some of the delicate boundary work. The challenge for scientists is to not only bring science ‘close enough’ to politics and policy demonstrating social accountability, legitimacy and relevance but also avoid either science or politics overextending into the other’s territory—a prospect that is evidently disorienting and poses serious threats to idealised identities of science and the scientific community. Based on in-depth personal interviews with 68 agricultural biotechnologists in 24 scientific institutions in India, this article examines the factors responsible for the shift in the practice of science from being a curiosity-driven activity to contract obligation. Through the radical changes in science funding and policy-orientation in India since mid-1990s, scientists seem to be vigorously mapping out the cultural spaces for science and for their own identities as forming the scientific community. In this context, scientists included in the study are not actually in the process of (re)classifying a satisfactory version of ‘science’ and ‘policy’ through their work. Instead, they are engaged in multiple versions of actively negotiated science–policy boundaries, many of which seem to have different qualities and make different demands on them as researchers/scientists.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Sociological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Mallick, Sambit},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {India, Scientific Community, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {197--213},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The advent of the customer–funder–policymaker as a prominent element in scientific practice since mid-1990s in India and intensifying thereafter seems to have forced scientists to (re)negotiate scientific boundaries and to do some of the delicate boundary work. The challenge for scientists is to not only bring science ‘close enough’ to politics and policy demonstrating social accountability, legitimacy and relevance but also avoid either science or politics overextending into the other’s territory—a prospect that is evidently disorienting and poses serious threats to idealised identities of science and the scientific community. Based on in-depth personal interviews with 68 agricultural biotechnologists in 24 scientific institutions in India, this article examines the factors responsible for the shift in the practice of science from being a curiosity-driven activity to contract obligation. Through the radical changes in science funding and policy-orientation in India since mid-1990s, scientists seem to be vigorously mapping out the cultural spaces for science and for their own identities as forming the scientific community. In this context, scientists included in the study are not actually in the process of (re)classifying a satisfactory version of ‘science’ and ‘policy’ through their work. Instead, they are engaged in multiple versions of actively negotiated science–policy boundaries, many of which seem to have different qualities and make different demands on them as researchers/scientists.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Beyond consent: Surveillance capitalism and politics in the data state.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Khan, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India Review, 20(2): 158–175. March 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{khan_beyond_2021,\n\ttitle = {Beyond consent: {Surveillance} capitalism and politics in the data state},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1473-6489, 1557-3036},\n\tshorttitle = {Beyond consent},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14736489.2021.1895563},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/14736489.2021.1895563},\n\tabstract = {The push for digital technologies during the Covid-19 pandemic has put a question mark on the relationship between the state and society in India. In particular, it has highlighted the gap between the lofty promises of digital welfare by political leaders and businesses, and the widespread discontent with digitalization as evident on the ground. In this paper, I take this gap as a starting point to conceptualize the nature of politics in the data state, drawing on Polanyian themes to understand how the contentions are gradually “embedding” the digital economy in society. Tracing the arc of the interactions between domestic ideas, interests and institutions alongside the development of digital capitalism, I also show that caught in these entanglements, digital economy can no longer remain a one-way street for data “extraction”. More specifically, I argue that at the end of its first decade of since the emergence of surveillance capitalism in 2010s, politics has ensured that it confronts ground level resistance that revolves around themes of inclusion, welfare and pluralism rather than the liberal conceptions of privacy and individual consent.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {India Review},\n\tauthor = {Khan, Aasim},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Data Politics, Digital STS, Digitalisation},\n\tpages = {158--175},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The push for digital technologies during the Covid-19 pandemic has put a question mark on the relationship between the state and society in India. In particular, it has highlighted the gap between the lofty promises of digital welfare by political leaders and businesses, and the widespread discontent with digitalization as evident on the ground. In this paper, I take this gap as a starting point to conceptualize the nature of politics in the data state, drawing on Polanyian themes to understand how the contentions are gradually “embedding” the digital economy in society. Tracing the arc of the interactions between domestic ideas, interests and institutions alongside the development of digital capitalism, I also show that caught in these entanglements, digital economy can no longer remain a one-way street for data “extraction”. More specifically, I argue that at the end of its first decade of since the emergence of surveillance capitalism in 2010s, politics has ensured that it confronts ground level resistance that revolves around themes of inclusion, welfare and pluralism rather than the liberal conceptions of privacy and individual consent.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping the History of Ayurveda: Culture, Hegemony and the Rhetoric of Diversity.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Girija, K. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Taylor & Francis, November 2021.\n Google-Books-ID: 7yhHEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{girija_mapping_2021,\n\ttitle = {Mapping the {History} of {Ayurveda}: {Culture}, {Hegemony} and the {Rhetoric} of {Diversity}},\n\tisbn = {9781000481426},\n\tshorttitle = {Mapping the {History} of {Ayurveda}},\n\tabstract = {This book looks at the institutionalisation and refashioning of Ayurveda as a robust, literate classical tradition, separated from the assorted, vernacular traditions of healing practices. It focuses on the dominant perspectives and theories of indigenous medicine and various compulsions which led to the codification and standardisation of Ayurveda in modern India. Critically engaging with authoritative scholarship, the book extrapolates from some of these theories, raising significant questions on the study of alternative knowledge practices. By using case studies of the southern Indian state of Kerala – which is known globally for its Ayurveda – it provides an in-depth analysis of local practices and histories. Drawing from interviews of practitioners, archival documents, vernacular texts and rare magazines on Ayurveda and indigenous medicine, it presents a nuanced understanding of the relationships between diverse practices. It highlights the interactions as well as the tensions within them, and the methods adopted to preserve the uniqueness of practices even while sharing elements of healing, herbs and medicine. It also discusses how regulations and standards set by the state have estranged assorted healing practices, created uncertainties and led to the formation of categories like Ayurveda and nattuvaidyam (indigenous medicine/ayurvedas). Lucid and topical, the book will be useful for researchers and people interested in social medicine, history of medicine, Ayurveda, cultural studies, history, indigenous studies, and social anthropology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Taylor \\& Francis},\n\tauthor = {Girija, K. P.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7yhHEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History / Asia / South / General, History / General, History / Historiography, History / Social History, Political Science / Colonialism \\& Post-Colonialism},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book looks at the institutionalisation and refashioning of Ayurveda as a robust, literate classical tradition, separated from the assorted, vernacular traditions of healing practices. It focuses on the dominant perspectives and theories of indigenous medicine and various compulsions which led to the codification and standardisation of Ayurveda in modern India. Critically engaging with authoritative scholarship, the book extrapolates from some of these theories, raising significant questions on the study of alternative knowledge practices. By using case studies of the southern Indian state of Kerala – which is known globally for its Ayurveda – it provides an in-depth analysis of local practices and histories. Drawing from interviews of practitioners, archival documents, vernacular texts and rare magazines on Ayurveda and indigenous medicine, it presents a nuanced understanding of the relationships between diverse practices. It highlights the interactions as well as the tensions within them, and the methods adopted to preserve the uniqueness of practices even while sharing elements of healing, herbs and medicine. It also discusses how regulations and standards set by the state have estranged assorted healing practices, created uncertainties and led to the formation of categories like Ayurveda and nattuvaidyam (indigenous medicine/ayurvedas). Lucid and topical, the book will be useful for researchers and people interested in social medicine, history of medicine, Ayurveda, cultural studies, history, indigenous studies, and social anthropology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Media Literacy, Social Connectedness, and Digital Citizenship in India: Mapping Stakeholders on How Parents and Young People Navigate a Social World.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarwatay, D.; Raman, U.; and Ramasubramanian, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 3. March 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sarwatay_media_2021,\n\ttitle = {Media {Literacy}, {Social} {Connectedness}, and {Digital} {Citizenship} in {India}: {Mapping} {Stakeholders} on {How} {Parents} and {Young} {People} {Navigate} a {Social} {World}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {2673-2726},\n\tshorttitle = {Media {Literacy}, {Social} {Connectedness}, and {Digital} {Citizenship} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.frontiersin.orghttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-dynamics/articles/10.3389/fhumd.2021.601239/full},\n\tdoi = {10.3389/fhumd.2021.601239},\n\tabstract = {{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}The ubiquity of digital and social media has led to considerable academic debate regarding their role in the lives of children and adolescents. The Global North, especially United States and Europe, has largely led this discussion in matters of research methods and approaches, as well as on conversations around screen time, wellbeing, media literacy, and digital citizenship. However, it is not clear to what extent and how these Anglo-Eurocentric approaches to digital literacy and social connectedness translate to the various local realities of the Global South, where increasing numbers of young people have either direct or indirect access to social media and the internet, but occupy very different social contexts. In India, for instance, low cost mobile phones, cheap data plans, and vernacularization of content have furthered access cutting across socioeconomic strata. What specific research priorities might emerge in this context? Which methods can be employed to study these issues? How can we contextualize existing knowledge to help support young people and their parents maximize the benefits of this digital/social world even as we take into account the nuances of the local? In this paper, we mapped local stakeholders and shared insights from in-depth personal interviews with community leaders from civil society, research and advocacy as well as professionals working with young people and parents in India as their work addresses some of these important questions. A thematic analysis of interview data helped the researchers scope out issues like lack of child-centered-design, dearth of knowledge about the opportunities and risks of social media among parents, and confusion on how to navigate this digital/social world. Suggestions about children’s wellbeing, including what parents could do about this, the possibility of and the problems with regulation, and the need to focus on how parents can foster trust and a meaningful connection with young people that would frame their engagement with technology are made. Future research should consider these relationships within the new context of the COVID-19 pandemic and related issues such as degrees of digital connectivity and access, social isolation, virtual schooling, and parents working from home.{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Human Dynamics},\n\tauthor = {Sarwatay, Devina and Raman, Usha and Ramasubramanian, Srividya},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Digital citizenship, India, Parent-child communication, Social Media},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \\textlessp\\textgreaterThe ubiquity of digital and social media has led to considerable academic debate regarding their role in the lives of children and adolescents. The Global North, especially United States and Europe, has largely led this discussion in matters of research methods and approaches, as well as on conversations around screen time, wellbeing, media literacy, and digital citizenship. However, it is not clear to what extent and how these Anglo-Eurocentric approaches to digital literacy and social connectedness translate to the various local realities of the Global South, where increasing numbers of young people have either direct or indirect access to social media and the internet, but occupy very different social contexts. In India, for instance, low cost mobile phones, cheap data plans, and vernacularization of content have furthered access cutting across socioeconomic strata. What specific research priorities might emerge in this context? Which methods can be employed to study these issues? How can we contextualize existing knowledge to help support young people and their parents maximize the benefits of this digital/social world even as we take into account the nuances of the local? In this paper, we mapped local stakeholders and shared insights from in-depth personal interviews with community leaders from civil society, research and advocacy as well as professionals working with young people and parents in India as their work addresses some of these important questions. A thematic analysis of interview data helped the researchers scope out issues like lack of child-centered-design, dearth of knowledge about the opportunities and risks of social media among parents, and confusion on how to navigate this digital/social world. Suggestions about children’s wellbeing, including what parents could do about this, the possibility of and the problems with regulation, and the need to focus on how parents can foster trust and a meaningful connection with young people that would frame their engagement with technology are made. Future research should consider these relationships within the new context of the COVID-19 pandemic and related issues such as degrees of digital connectivity and access, social isolation, virtual schooling, and parents working from home.\\textless/p\\textgreater\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dreadful Diseases in Colonial Bengal: Cholera, Malaria and Smallpox : a Documentation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Das, S.; and Dutta, A. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Primus Books, 2021.\n Google-Books-ID: J1qBzgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{das_dreadful_2021,\n\ttitle = {Dreadful {Diseases} in {Colonial} {Bengal}: {Cholera}, {Malaria} and {Smallpox} : a {Documentation}},\n\tisbn = {9789390633135},\n\tshorttitle = {Dreadful {Diseases} in {Colonial} {Bengal}},\n\tabstract = {Dreadful Diseases in Colonial Bengal is the third volume produced under the aegis of the Wellcome Trust (London) funded documentation project 'Western Medicine and Indigenous Society: History of Disease, Medicine and Public Health Policy in Colonial Eastern India, (1757-1947)'. While the first volume documented the context in which hospitals were established in Calcutta during the rule of the British East India Company, and the second analysed the trauma caused by tuberculosis in the public health system of twentieth-century India, the present volume brings together selections from official reports on cholera, malaria and smallpox-the three diseases which repeatedly struck colonial Bengal as epidemics. Its objective is to provide a useful resource for researchers, with ready entry points for reconstructing the incidence of these diseases, their mortality rates, social and economic effects as well as colonial medical interventions to contain them. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of studying epidemics that have struck human society in a historical continuum and the significance of the present collation needs to be viewed in this context. The book will be a welcome contribution to the rapidly developing field of History of Medicine.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Primus Books},\n\tauthor = {Das, Suranjan and Dutta, Achintya Kumar},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: J1qBzgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, History / Asia / South / General, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Dreadful Diseases in Colonial Bengal is the third volume produced under the aegis of the Wellcome Trust (London) funded documentation project 'Western Medicine and Indigenous Society: History of Disease, Medicine and Public Health Policy in Colonial Eastern India, (1757-1947)'. While the first volume documented the context in which hospitals were established in Calcutta during the rule of the British East India Company, and the second analysed the trauma caused by tuberculosis in the public health system of twentieth-century India, the present volume brings together selections from official reports on cholera, malaria and smallpox-the three diseases which repeatedly struck colonial Bengal as epidemics. Its objective is to provide a useful resource for researchers, with ready entry points for reconstructing the incidence of these diseases, their mortality rates, social and economic effects as well as colonial medical interventions to contain them. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of studying epidemics that have struck human society in a historical continuum and the significance of the present collation needs to be viewed in this context. The book will be a welcome contribution to the rapidly developing field of History of Medicine.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Healing at the Periphery: Ethnographies of Tibetan Medicine in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pordié, L.; and Kloos, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Duke University Press, Durham, October 2021.\n Google-Books-ID: 8KBIEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{pordie_healing_2021,\n\taddress = {Durham},\n\ttitle = {Healing at the {Periphery}: {Ethnographies} of {Tibetan} {Medicine} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781478021759},\n\tshorttitle = {Healing at the {Periphery}},\n\tabstract = {India has long occupied an important place in Tibetan medicine's history and development. However, Indian Himalayan practitioners of Tibetan medicine, or amchi, have largely remained overlooked at the Tibetan medical periphery, despite playing a central social and medical role in their communities. Power and legitimacy, religion and economic development, biomedical encounters and Indian geopolitics all intersect in the work and identities of contemporary Himalayan amchi. This volume examines the crucial moment of crisis and transformation that occurred in the early 2000s to offer insights into the beginnings of Tibetan medicine's professionalization, industrialization, and official recognition in India and elsewhere. Based on fine-grained ethnographic studies in Ladakh, Zangskar, Sikkim, and the Darjeeling Hills, Healing at the Periphery asks how the dynamics of capitalism, social change, and the encounter with biomedicine affect small communities on the fringes of modern India, and, conversely, what local transformations of Tibetan medicine tell us about contemporary society and health care in the Himalayas and the Tibetan world.Contributors. Florian Besch, Calum Blaikie, Sienna R. Craig, Barbara Gerke, Isabelle Guérin, Kim Gutschow, Pascale Hancart Petitet, Stephan Kloos, Fernanda Pirie, Laurent Pordié},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Pordié, Laurent and Kloos, Stephan},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 8KBIEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ethnography, Himalaya, History of Medicine, India, Tibbetian Medicines},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n India has long occupied an important place in Tibetan medicine's history and development. However, Indian Himalayan practitioners of Tibetan medicine, or amchi, have largely remained overlooked at the Tibetan medical periphery, despite playing a central social and medical role in their communities. Power and legitimacy, religion and economic development, biomedical encounters and Indian geopolitics all intersect in the work and identities of contemporary Himalayan amchi. This volume examines the crucial moment of crisis and transformation that occurred in the early 2000s to offer insights into the beginnings of Tibetan medicine's professionalization, industrialization, and official recognition in India and elsewhere. Based on fine-grained ethnographic studies in Ladakh, Zangskar, Sikkim, and the Darjeeling Hills, Healing at the Periphery asks how the dynamics of capitalism, social change, and the encounter with biomedicine affect small communities on the fringes of modern India, and, conversely, what local transformations of Tibetan medicine tell us about contemporary society and health care in the Himalayas and the Tibetan world.Contributors. Florian Besch, Calum Blaikie, Sienna R. Craig, Barbara Gerke, Isabelle Guérin, Kim Gutschow, Pascale Hancart Petitet, Stephan Kloos, Fernanda Pirie, Laurent Pordié\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Meat!: A Transnational Analysis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramaniam, B.; and Chatterjee, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Duke University Press, Durham, 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{subramaniam_meat_2021,\n\taddress = {Durham},\n\ttitle = {Meat!: {A} {Transnational} {Analysis}},\n\tisbn = {9781478012481},\n\tshorttitle = {Meat!},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/4/edited_volume/book/82645},\n\tabstract = {What is meat? Is it simply food to consume, or a metaphor for our own bodies? Can “bloody” vegan burgers, petri dish beef, live animals, or human milk be categorized as meat? In pursuing these questions, the contributors to Meat! trace the shifting boundaries of the meanings of meat across time, geography, and cultures. In studies of chicken, fish, milk, barbecue, fake meat, animal sacrifice, cannibalism, exotic meat, frozen meat, and other manifestations of meat, they highlight meat's entanglements with race, gender, sexuality, and disability. From the imperial politics embedded in labeling canned white tuna as “the chicken of the sea” to the relationship between beef bans, yoga, and bodily purity in Hindu nationalist politics, the contributors demonstrate how meat is an ideal vantage point from which to better understand transnational circuits of power and ideology as well as the histories of colonialism, ableism, and sexism.Contributors. Neel Ahuja, Irina Aristarkhova, Sushmita Chatterjee, Mel Y. Chen, Kim Q. Hall, Jennifer A. Hamilton, Anita Mannur, Elspeth Probyn, Parama Roy, Banu Subramaniam, Angela Willey, Psyche Williams-Forson},\n\turldate = {2024-05-28},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Subramaniam, Banu and Chatterjee, Sushmita},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Animal Studies, Cultural Studies of S\\&T, Food},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n What is meat? Is it simply food to consume, or a metaphor for our own bodies? Can “bloody” vegan burgers, petri dish beef, live animals, or human milk be categorized as meat? In pursuing these questions, the contributors to Meat! trace the shifting boundaries of the meanings of meat across time, geography, and cultures. In studies of chicken, fish, milk, barbecue, fake meat, animal sacrifice, cannibalism, exotic meat, frozen meat, and other manifestations of meat, they highlight meat's entanglements with race, gender, sexuality, and disability. From the imperial politics embedded in labeling canned white tuna as “the chicken of the sea” to the relationship between beef bans, yoga, and bodily purity in Hindu nationalist politics, the contributors demonstrate how meat is an ideal vantage point from which to better understand transnational circuits of power and ideology as well as the histories of colonialism, ableism, and sexism.Contributors. Neel Ahuja, Irina Aristarkhova, Sushmita Chatterjee, Mel Y. Chen, Kim Q. Hall, Jennifer A. Hamilton, Anita Mannur, Elspeth Probyn, Parama Roy, Banu Subramaniam, Angela Willey, Psyche Williams-Forson\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Viral Fundamentals: Riding the Corona Waves in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramaniam, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Religion Compass, 15(2): e12386. February 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{subramaniam_viral_2021,\n\ttitle = {Viral {Fundamentals}: {Riding} the {Corona} {Waves} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1749-8171, 1749-8171},\n\tshorttitle = {Viral {Fundamentals}},\n\turl = {https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rec3.12386},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/rec3.12386},\n\tabstract = {In the last few decades, we have seen a steady rise in Hindu nationalism in India, culminating in a Hindu nationalist government in 2014. The BJP won again and expanded its majority in 2019. Then COVID‐19 hit! This essay explores the national and body politic in India during COVID‐19. It argues that Hindu nationalism has been mobilized and strengthened during the pandemic.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-05-28},\n\tjournal = {Religion Compass},\n\tauthor = {Subramaniam, Banu},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {COVID-19, India, Religion \\& Science, Religious Nationalism},\n\tpages = {e12386},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the last few decades, we have seen a steady rise in Hindu nationalism in India, culminating in a Hindu nationalist government in 2014. The BJP won again and expanded its majority in 2019. Then COVID‐19 hit! This essay explores the national and body politic in India during COVID‐19. It argues that Hindu nationalism has been mobilized and strengthened during the pandemic.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Global Trials, Local Bodies: Negotiating Difference and Sameness in Indian For-profit Clinical Trials.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Merz, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 46(4): 882–905. July 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{merz_global_2021,\n\ttitle = {Global {Trials}, {Local} {Bodies}: {Negotiating} {Difference} and {Sameness} in {Indian} {For}-profit {Clinical} {Trials}},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Global {Trials}, {Local} {Bodies}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243920963813},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0162243920963813},\n\tabstract = {Global clinical trials depend on a range of standards in order for research results to be comparable. As standardization is more than a mere technical exercise, tensions can arise when things are not uniform. This paper uses empirical data from interviews with principal investigators as well as Clinical Research Organization and pharmaceutical industry representatives working in India’s clinical trial industry to critically examine the ways Indian researchers navigate quests for standardization. It turns the analytical lens to the often obfuscated work of standardization aiming to transcend the biological and cultural specificity of research participants and research sites. Drawing on the concept of local biologies, it illustrates that the universal body presumed by clinical trial methodology is, in fact, a specifically Euro-American one: Indian participants not only need to be made globally comparable but also aligned with the drugs’ future consumers. Focusing on the tensions between biomedicine’s postulation of bodily universality and trial participants’ local biologies, this paper advances recent interventions problematizing the structural violence undergirding global clinical trials. It also contributes to the literature on local biologies in its discussion of how these are negotiated in Indian for-profit clinical trials.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Merz, Sibille},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Bio-medicine, Clinical Trials, India, Medical Sociology},\n\tpages = {882--905},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Global clinical trials depend on a range of standards in order for research results to be comparable. As standardization is more than a mere technical exercise, tensions can arise when things are not uniform. This paper uses empirical data from interviews with principal investigators as well as Clinical Research Organization and pharmaceutical industry representatives working in India’s clinical trial industry to critically examine the ways Indian researchers navigate quests for standardization. It turns the analytical lens to the often obfuscated work of standardization aiming to transcend the biological and cultural specificity of research participants and research sites. Drawing on the concept of local biologies, it illustrates that the universal body presumed by clinical trial methodology is, in fact, a specifically Euro-American one: Indian participants not only need to be made globally comparable but also aligned with the drugs’ future consumers. Focusing on the tensions between biomedicine’s postulation of bodily universality and trial participants’ local biologies, this paper advances recent interventions problematizing the structural violence undergirding global clinical trials. It also contributes to the literature on local biologies in its discussion of how these are negotiated in Indian for-profit clinical trials.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the fisheries sector: a case study from three harbors in Western India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Avtar, R.; Singh, D.; Umarhadi, D. A.; Yunus, A. P.; Misra, P.; Desai, P. N.; Kouser, A.; Kurniawan, T. A.; and Phanindra, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Remote Sensing, 13(2): 183. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{avtar_impact_2021,\n\ttitle = {Impact of {COVID}-19 lockdown on the fisheries sector: a case study from three harbors in {Western} {India}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tshorttitle = {Impact of {COVID}-19 lockdown on the fisheries sector},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/183},\n\tabstract = {The COVID-19 related lockdowns have brought the planet to a standstill. It has severely shrunk the global economy in the year 2020, including India. The blue economy and especially the small-scale fisheries sector in India have dwindled due to disruptions in the fish catch, market, and supply chain. This research presents the applicability of satellite data to monitor the impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on the Indian fisheries sector. Three harbors namely Mangrol, Veraval, and Vankbara situated on the north-western coast of India were selected in this study based on characteristics like harbor’s age, administrative control, and availability of cloud-free satellite images. To analyze the impact of COVID in the fisheries sector, we utilized high-resolution PlanetScope data for monitoring and comparison of “area under fishing boats” during the pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown phases. A support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm was used to identify the area under the boats. The classification results were complemented with socio-economic data and ground-level information for understanding the impact of the pandemic on the three sites. During the peak of the lockdown, it was found that the “area under fishing boats” near the docks and those parked on the land area increased by 483\\%, 189\\%, and 826\\% at Mangrol, Veraval, and Vanakbara harbor, respectively. After phase-I of lockdown, the number of parked vessels decreased, yet those already moved out to the land area were not returned until the south-west monsoon was over. A quarter of the annual production is estimated to be lost at the three harbors due to lockdown.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-22},\n\tjournal = {Remote Sensing},\n\tauthor = {Avtar, Ram and Singh, Deepak and Umarhadi, Deha Agus and Yunus, Ali P. and Misra, Prakhar and Desai, Pranav N. and Kouser, Asma and Kurniawan, Tonni Agustiono and Phanindra, KBVN},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Blue Economy, COVID-19, Fisheries, India, Western India},\n\tpages = {183},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The COVID-19 related lockdowns have brought the planet to a standstill. It has severely shrunk the global economy in the year 2020, including India. The blue economy and especially the small-scale fisheries sector in India have dwindled due to disruptions in the fish catch, market, and supply chain. This research presents the applicability of satellite data to monitor the impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on the Indian fisheries sector. Three harbors namely Mangrol, Veraval, and Vankbara situated on the north-western coast of India were selected in this study based on characteristics like harbor’s age, administrative control, and availability of cloud-free satellite images. To analyze the impact of COVID in the fisheries sector, we utilized high-resolution PlanetScope data for monitoring and comparison of “area under fishing boats” during the pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown phases. A support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm was used to identify the area under the boats. The classification results were complemented with socio-economic data and ground-level information for understanding the impact of the pandemic on the three sites. During the peak of the lockdown, it was found that the “area under fishing boats” near the docks and those parked on the land area increased by 483%, 189%, and 826% at Mangrol, Veraval, and Vanakbara harbor, respectively. After phase-I of lockdown, the number of parked vessels decreased, yet those already moved out to the land area were not returned until the south-west monsoon was over. A quarter of the annual production is estimated to be lost at the three harbors due to lockdown.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Making Reliable Persons: Managing Descent and Genealogical Computation in Pakistan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hashmi, Z.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Comparative Studies in Society and History, 63(4): 948–978. October 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{hashmi_making_2021,\n\ttitle = {Making {Reliable} {Persons}: {Managing} {Descent} and {Genealogical} {Computation} in {Pakistan}},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tissn = {0010-4175, 1475-2999},\n\tshorttitle = {Making {Reliable} {Persons}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history/article/making-reliable-persons-managing-descent-and-genealogical-computation-in-pakistan/9988A7769E61A3D1BC754EE5C7B5FD49},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S001041752100030X},\n\tabstract = {In 2016, the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA), which produces Pakistan’s biometric-based national identity card, publicly announced that it would be “re-verifying” identity cards for a national security drive. NADRA relies on the documentation of descent-based relations, including genealogical charts (shajarah-yi-nasab), for its verification procedures. In so doing, NADRA asks the difficult question of who belongs where and who is a citizen, based on who they used to be. This article historically traces the movement of genealogies between the realm of the familial and the bureaucratic. I examine how the colonial state deployed genealogical expertise and how this formation folds into the postcolonial present in ways that shape capacities for genealogy-based claims to identity. It demonstrates how what I term “genealogical computation” extends beyond the domain of governance into articulations of identity that seek to establish status, reliability, and trustworthiness. I argue that “reliable persons” are produced in contemporary Pakistan through an encounter between the genealogical computations of citizens and the expectations of an ethno-securitized state. This encounter is borne out of a rehearsed relation where one’s genealogy, which has held a particular meaning in relation to one kind of security state (the colonial), is now asked to take on another.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {Comparative Studies in Society and History},\n\tauthor = {Hashmi, Zehra},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Pakistan, Technoscience, genealogy, security},\n\tpages = {948--978},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In 2016, the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA), which produces Pakistan’s biometric-based national identity card, publicly announced that it would be “re-verifying” identity cards for a national security drive. NADRA relies on the documentation of descent-based relations, including genealogical charts (shajarah-yi-nasab), for its verification procedures. In so doing, NADRA asks the difficult question of who belongs where and who is a citizen, based on who they used to be. This article historically traces the movement of genealogies between the realm of the familial and the bureaucratic. I examine how the colonial state deployed genealogical expertise and how this formation folds into the postcolonial present in ways that shape capacities for genealogy-based claims to identity. It demonstrates how what I term “genealogical computation” extends beyond the domain of governance into articulations of identity that seek to establish status, reliability, and trustworthiness. I argue that “reliable persons” are produced in contemporary Pakistan through an encounter between the genealogical computations of citizens and the expectations of an ethno-securitized state. This encounter is borne out of a rehearsed relation where one’s genealogy, which has held a particular meaning in relation to one kind of security state (the colonial), is now asked to take on another.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Race in colonial South Asia: Science and the law.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Routledge Handbook of the History of Colonialism in South Asia. Routledge, 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{mukharji_race_2021,\n\ttitle = {Race in colonial {South} {Asia}: {Science} and the law},\n\tisbn = {9780429431012},\n\tshorttitle = {Race in colonial {South}\n {Asia}},\n\tabstract = {This chapter reviews the extant historiography on race, with a particular\n focus on science and law. For science, it focuses mainly on medicine,\n anthropology, and vernacular sciences, such as santati-sastra. For law, the\n chapter explores the ways in which myriad forensic disciplines, including\n toxicology, serology, and graphology, produced multivalent racialisations.\n Through these surveys, the chapter advances four arguments: first, that race\n was a widespread facet of the British Raj; second, that race science\n continued to flourish in the interwar period; third, that race was a mutable\n and heterographic set of practices of hierarchisation, rather than a regime\n of stable dichotomies; and, finally, that race was continually appropriated,\n subverted, and transformed through its unexpected performance by a variety\n of subaltern groups.},\n\tbooktitle = {Routledge {Handbook} of the {History} of {Colonialism} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {India, Race, Subaltern Studies},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This chapter reviews the extant historiography on race, with a particular focus on science and law. For science, it focuses mainly on medicine, anthropology, and vernacular sciences, such as santati-sastra. For law, the chapter explores the ways in which myriad forensic disciplines, including toxicology, serology, and graphology, produced multivalent racialisations. Through these surveys, the chapter advances four arguments: first, that race was a widespread facet of the British Raj; second, that race science continued to flourish in the interwar period; third, that race was a mutable and heterographic set of practices of hierarchisation, rather than a regime of stable dichotomies; and, finally, that race was continually appropriated, subverted, and transformed through its unexpected performance by a variety of subaltern groups.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Religion in India: Beyond Disenchantment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thomas, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, December 2021.\n Google-Books-ID: QE1SEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{thomas_science_2021,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Religion} in {India}: {Beyond} {Disenchantment}},\n\tisbn = {9781000534313},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and {Religion} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {This book provides an in-depth ethnographic study of science and religion in the context of South Asia, giving voice to Indian scientists and shedding valuable light on their engagement with religion. Drawing on biographical, autobiographical, historical, and ethnographic material, the volume focuses on scientists’ religious life and practices, and the variety of ways in which they express them. Renny Thomas challenges the idea that science and religion in India are naturally connected and argues that the discussion has to go beyond binary models of ‘conflict’ and ‘complementarity’. By complicating the understanding of science and religion in India, the book engages with new ways of looking at these categories.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Thomas, Renny},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: QE1SEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ethnography, India, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book provides an in-depth ethnographic study of science and religion in the context of South Asia, giving voice to Indian scientists and shedding valuable light on their engagement with religion. Drawing on biographical, autobiographical, historical, and ethnographic material, the volume focuses on scientists’ religious life and practices, and the variety of ways in which they express them. Renny Thomas challenges the idea that science and religion in India are naturally connected and argues that the discussion has to go beyond binary models of ‘conflict’ and ‘complementarity’. By complicating the understanding of science and religion in India, the book engages with new ways of looking at these categories.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n “All We Want, Is to Get Rid of the Straw”: How Biofuel Policies Need to Be Multiple.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pandey, P.; Valkenburg, G.; Mamidipudi, A.; and Bijker, W. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 15(1): 4–23. January 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{pandey_all_2021,\n\ttitle = {“{All} {We} {Want}, {Is} to {Get} {Rid} of the {Straw}”: {How} {Biofuel} {Policies} {Need} to {Be} {Multiple}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1875-2160, 1875-2152},\n\tshorttitle = {“{All} {We} {Want}, {Is} to {Get} {Rid} of the {Straw}”},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18752160.2020.1868697},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/18752160.2020.1868697},\n\tabstract = {Abstract Second-generation (2G) biofuels are promoted worldwide as remedy to\nsustainable-energy challenges in the transport sector and as response to the criticism\nof first-generation biofuels. By utilizing agriculture and forest residues, 2G biofuels\nclaim to support agricultural livelihoods and boost rural economies. Quantitative\nestimates exist of the availability of “waste” or “unused” or “surplus” biomass that\ncould be fed into producing bioenergy. Most of current discourse on 2G bioethanol is\nabout developing efficient technologies and supportive policies for biomass utilization and energy distribution, while availability and supply of that biomass are often\ntaken for granted. This paper challenges these presumptions of biomass availability\nand technological feasibility. Following a social-constructivist analysis of technology\nand focusing on how political actors, scientists, industry, green-revolution and organic farmers envision biomass, this paper argues that the innovation for 2G is\nhybrid and complex, rather than merely logistical and economic. Biomass as feedstock is not an off-the-shelf commodity, but a dynamic and fluid entity, the availability of which is dependent on a number of cultural, social, technological and\neconomic factors. Policies are needed that recognize the multiplicity of agricultural\npractices if a sustainable biofuel system is to be developed.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal},\n\tauthor = {Pandey, Poonam and Valkenburg, Govert and Mamidipudi, Annapurna and Bijker, Wiebe E.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, India, Responsible Innovation},\n\tpages = {4--23},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract Second-generation (2G) biofuels are promoted worldwide as remedy to sustainable-energy challenges in the transport sector and as response to the criticism of first-generation biofuels. By utilizing agriculture and forest residues, 2G biofuels claim to support agricultural livelihoods and boost rural economies. Quantitative estimates exist of the availability of “waste” or “unused” or “surplus” biomass that could be fed into producing bioenergy. Most of current discourse on 2G bioethanol is about developing efficient technologies and supportive policies for biomass utilization and energy distribution, while availability and supply of that biomass are often taken for granted. This paper challenges these presumptions of biomass availability and technological feasibility. Following a social-constructivist analysis of technology and focusing on how political actors, scientists, industry, green-revolution and organic farmers envision biomass, this paper argues that the innovation for 2G is hybrid and complex, rather than merely logistical and economic. Biomass as feedstock is not an off-the-shelf commodity, but a dynamic and fluid entity, the availability of which is dependent on a number of cultural, social, technological and economic factors. Policies are needed that recognize the multiplicity of agricultural practices if a sustainable biofuel system is to be developed.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Print Media and Contestations over Knowledge.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Asia Chronicle, 11: 167–177. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{varughese_print_2021,\n\ttitle = {Print {Media} and {Contestations} over {Knowledge}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {978-3-86004-348-6},\n\turl = {10-focus-varughese-shiju-sam-print-media-and-contestations-over-knowledge PDF},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tjournal = {South Asia Chronicle},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Civic Epistemology, Digitalisation, India, Media and science, Print Technology, Public sphere, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {167--177},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n History of Science, Technology, Environment, and Medicine in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarkar, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, London & New York, November 2021.\n Google-Books-ID: ejlJEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sarkar_history_2021,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {History of {Science}, {Technology}, {Environment}, and {Medicine} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781000485004},\n\tabstract = {This volume studies the concept and relevance of HISTEM (History of Science, Technology, Environment, and Medicine) in shaping the histories of colonial and postcolonial South Asia. Tracing its evolution from the establishment of the East India Company through to the early decades after the Independence of India, it highlights the ways in which the discipline has changed over the years and examines the various influences that have shaped it. Drawing on extensive case studies, the book offers valuable insights into diverse themes such as the East–West encounter, appropriation of new knowledge, science in translation and communication, electricity and urbanization, the colonial context of engineering education, science of hydrology, oil and imperialism, epidemic and empire, vernacular medicine, gender and medicine, as well as environment and sustainable development in the colonial and postcolonial milieu. An indispensable text on South Asia’s experience of modernity in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of modern South Asian studies, modern Indian history, sociology, history of science, cultural studies, colonialism, as well as studies on Science, Technology, and Society (STS).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ejlJEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Social History of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This volume studies the concept and relevance of HISTEM (History of Science, Technology, Environment, and Medicine) in shaping the histories of colonial and postcolonial South Asia. Tracing its evolution from the establishment of the East India Company through to the early decades after the Independence of India, it highlights the ways in which the discipline has changed over the years and examines the various influences that have shaped it. Drawing on extensive case studies, the book offers valuable insights into diverse themes such as the East–West encounter, appropriation of new knowledge, science in translation and communication, electricity and urbanization, the colonial context of engineering education, science of hydrology, oil and imperialism, epidemic and empire, vernacular medicine, gender and medicine, as well as environment and sustainable development in the colonial and postcolonial milieu. An indispensable text on South Asia’s experience of modernity in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of modern South Asian studies, modern Indian history, sociology, history of science, cultural studies, colonialism, as well as studies on Science, Technology, and Society (STS).\n
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\n\n \n \n 2020\n \n \n (62)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Birth Control Pill Trials in Sri Lanka: The History and Politics of Women’s Reproductive Health (1950–1980).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thoradeniya, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social History of Medicine, 33(1): 268–287. February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{thoradeniya_birth_2020,\n\ttitle = {Birth {Control} {Pill} {Trials} in {Sri} {Lanka}: {The} {History} and {Politics} of {Women}’s {Reproductive} {Health} (1950–1980)},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/shm/article-abstract/33/1/268/5145719},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hky076},\n\tabstract = {This paper draws on the history of the birth control pill in Sri Lanka to illustrate how the broader global discourse of population control was played out in the Sri Lankan national context. Utilising a cross reading of research reports and correspondence between local and international family planning pioneers such as Gregory Pincus, Clarence Gamble, John Rock and Siva Chinnatamby, I show how Sri Lanka became a laboratory for global pill trials. This prompted a discussion on contraception that revolved around morality and ethnicity resulting in the pill being labelled vanda pethi (sterility pills) by the 1960s. Vanda pethi became Mithuri (female friend) through the IPPF funded programme on social marketing of contraceptives in 1974. Analysing this programme I show how the women’s bodies of Sri Lanka became the ground on which ethnic politics at the local level, and liberal market forces at the global level, were played out through the introduction of the pill.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Social History of Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Thoradeniya, Darshi},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Brith Control, Clinical Trials, Family Planning Programme, Medical Science, Social History of Medicine, Sri Lanka, State \\& Science, Women in medicine},\n\tpages = {268--287},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper draws on the history of the birth control pill in Sri Lanka to illustrate how the broader global discourse of population control was played out in the Sri Lankan national context. Utilising a cross reading of research reports and correspondence between local and international family planning pioneers such as Gregory Pincus, Clarence Gamble, John Rock and Siva Chinnatamby, I show how Sri Lanka became a laboratory for global pill trials. This prompted a discussion on contraception that revolved around morality and ethnicity resulting in the pill being labelled vanda pethi (sterility pills) by the 1960s. Vanda pethi became Mithuri (female friend) through the IPPF funded programme on social marketing of contraceptives in 1974. Analysing this programme I show how the women’s bodies of Sri Lanka became the ground on which ethnic politics at the local level, and liberal market forces at the global level, were played out through the introduction of the pill.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science in the Public Sphere: Obligation and Responsibility.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramaswamy, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 55(47). November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ramaswamy_science_2020,\n\ttitle = {Science in the {Public} {Sphere}:\nObligation and {Responsibility}},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\turl = {https://www.epw.in/journal/2020/47/perspectives/science-public-sphere.html},\n\tabstract = {Investment in research or in scientific activity is ultimately a community decision, supported by public funds. Scientists, therefore, have the responsibility and the moral obligation of accurately communicating their ideas and results to the public. Of necessity, some of this can be restricted to an audience of peers, but it is essential to communicate the results of publicly funded research to a wider audience. Scientists and communicators of science share the additional responsibility of responding to fallacious and misleading statements on issues pertaining to science that are made by persons holding public office and those who play a prominent role in society.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {47},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Ramaswamy, Ramakrishna},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Expertise, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science Communication, Scientific Temper},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Investment in research or in scientific activity is ultimately a community decision, supported by public funds. Scientists, therefore, have the responsibility and the moral obligation of accurately communicating their ideas and results to the public. Of necessity, some of this can be restricted to an audience of peers, but it is essential to communicate the results of publicly funded research to a wider audience. Scientists and communicators of science share the additional responsibility of responding to fallacious and misleading statements on issues pertaining to science that are made by persons holding public office and those who play a prominent role in society.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Deconstructing Science and the Scientific Outlook.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishnaraj, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly (Engage), 55(9). February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{krishnaraj_deconstructing_2020,\n\ttitle = {Deconstructing {Science} and the {Scientific} {Outlook}},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\turl = {https://www.epw.in/engage/article/deconstructing-science-and-scientific-outlook},\n\tabstract = {Science as a way of knowing has advantages over other ways of knowing, but it also has certain limitations due to some underlying assumptions. Embedded in society, science is unavoidably affected by social conditions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\turldate = {2025-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly (Engage)},\n\tauthor = {Krishnaraj, Maithreyi},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Sociology of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science as a way of knowing has advantages over other ways of knowing, but it also has certain limitations due to some underlying assumptions. Embedded in society, science is unavoidably affected by social conditions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Globalisation of South Asian Medicines: Knowledge, Power, Structure and Sustainability.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sujatha, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Society and Culture in South Asia, 6(1): 7–30. January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sujatha_globalisation_2020,\n\tseries = {Special {Issue}: {Globalisation} of {Special} {Issue}: {South} {Asian} {Medicines}: {Knowledge}, {Power}, {Structure} and {Sustainability}},\n\ttitle = {Globalisation of {South} {Asian} {Medicines}: {Knowledge}, {Power}, {Structure} and {Sustainability}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {2393-8617, 2394-9872},\n\tshorttitle = {Globalisation of {South} {Asian} {Medicines}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2393861719883063},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/2393861719883063},\n\tabstract = {The discourses on globalisation focus their attention on the flow of capital and technology from the global North. Historical, anthropological and sociological studies, however, point to crucial flows of medical knowledge, health practices, medicinal plants, other genetic resources and the first-hand knowledge of their applications into the global North from other regions rich in biodiversity. These flows do not just continue to happen but have been significant in shaping the postmodern condition. This collection is an attempt to draw attention to the less visible flows by presenting the epistemic, political, social and ecological dimensions of the globalisation of South Asian medicines and the ramifications of this process abroad and at home. The introduction outlines a framework to understand the convergences and divergences in the medical systems and health practices in the South Asian region. Although contemporary trajectories of traditional medicines in South Asian nations are many and varied, they face similar issues and share common anxieties. The challenge will be in evolving effective solutions at many levels and there are several possibilities for mutual learning among the South Asian nations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Society and Culture in South Asia},\n\tauthor = {Sujatha, V.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Ayurveda, Epistemic Pluralism, Special Issue},\n\tpages = {7--30},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The discourses on globalisation focus their attention on the flow of capital and technology from the global North. Historical, anthropological and sociological studies, however, point to crucial flows of medical knowledge, health practices, medicinal plants, other genetic resources and the first-hand knowledge of their applications into the global North from other regions rich in biodiversity. These flows do not just continue to happen but have been significant in shaping the postmodern condition. This collection is an attempt to draw attention to the less visible flows by presenting the epistemic, political, social and ecological dimensions of the globalisation of South Asian medicines and the ramifications of this process abroad and at home. The introduction outlines a framework to understand the convergences and divergences in the medical systems and health practices in the South Asian region. Although contemporary trajectories of traditional medicines in South Asian nations are many and varied, they face similar issues and share common anxieties. The challenge will be in evolving effective solutions at many levels and there are several possibilities for mutual learning among the South Asian nations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Between Cosmology and System: The Heuristics of a Dissenting Imagination.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Visvanathan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Santos, B. d. S., editor(s), Another Knowledge Is Possible: Beyond Northern Epistemologies, pages 182–218. Verso Books, London & New York, May 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: _1ucEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{santos_between_2020,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Between {Cosmology} and {System}: {The} {Heuristics} of a {Dissenting} {Imagination}},\n\tisbn = {9781789604030},\n\tshorttitle = {Another {Knowledge} {Is} {Possible}},\n\tabstract = {"Chapter 7 ... deals with the debate between tradition and modernity in India, focusing on the field of science and technology in both colonial and post-colonial times. For a long time, the state-promoted ideology of modern science and technology as the sole source of progress has been confronted by grassroots movements that seek to defend the epistemological wealth of the country, a conflict that has become most intense in recent times with regards to the issue of genetic diversity. Visvanathan illustrates the different possibilities of dealing with this conflict in the work of the Indian chemist C. V. Seshadri. He discusses the innovative ways in which Seshadri drew on both modern science and traditional knowledge while refusing to give an exclusive privilege to either of them. For Seshadri, India needed neither a rigid theory of the modem nor an ossification, an orientalizing, or a "museumification" of tradition."\n(From the Preface of the Book, pp. xi-xii)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Another {Knowledge} {Is} {Possible}: {Beyond} {Northern} {Epistemologies}},\n\tpublisher = {Verso Books},\n\tauthor = {Visvanathan, Shiv},\n\teditor = {Santos, Boaventura de Sousa},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: \\_1ucEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Appropriate Technology, Cognitive Justice, Decolonization, Epistemic Pluralism, Epistemology, Science and Democracy, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {182--218},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"Chapter 7 ... deals with the debate between tradition and modernity in India, focusing on the field of science and technology in both colonial and post-colonial times. For a long time, the state-promoted ideology of modern science and technology as the sole source of progress has been confronted by grassroots movements that seek to defend the epistemological wealth of the country, a conflict that has become most intense in recent times with regards to the issue of genetic diversity. Visvanathan illustrates the different possibilities of dealing with this conflict in the work of the Indian chemist C. V. Seshadri. He discusses the innovative ways in which Seshadri drew on both modern science and traditional knowledge while refusing to give an exclusive privilege to either of them. For Seshadri, India needed neither a rigid theory of the modem nor an ossification, an orientalizing, or a \"museumification\" of tradition.\" (From the Preface of the Book, pp. xi-xii)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bhopal gas disaster: Delhi Science Forum and People’s Science Movement in India - In memory of Dr. Amit Sengupta.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raghunandan, D.; and Jayaprakash, N. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Saúde em Debate, 44: 120–134. August 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raghunandan_bhopal_2020,\n\ttitle = {Bhopal gas disaster: {Delhi} {Science} {Forum} and {People}’s {Science} {Movement} in {India} - {In} memory of {Dr}. {Amit} {Sengupta}},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tissn = {0103-1104, 2358-2898},\n\tshorttitle = {Bhopal gas disaster},\n\turl = {https://www.scielo.br/j/sdeb/a/Hws7gdLNg53XCXDrTGzfmDG/?format=html},\n\tdoi = {10.1590/0103-11042020S110},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Saúde em Debate},\n\tauthor = {Raghunandan, Doraiswami and Jayaprakash, Nallukunnel Damodaran},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Activism, All India People's Science Network (AIPSN), Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Delhi Science Forum, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Social Movements},\n\tpages = {120--134},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Constructing Alternative Socio-Technical Worlds: Re-imagining RRI through SRI in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, C S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(2): 291–307. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_constructing_2020,\n\ttitle = {Constructing {Alternative} {Socio}-{Technical} {Worlds}: {Re}-imagining {RRI} through {SRI} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Constructing {Alternative} {Socio}-technical {Worlds}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820903002},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820903002},\n\tabstract = {While Responsible Research and Innovation has the potential for democratising the governance of research and innovation, translating it in the Global South would need dialogues and engaging with the plural knowledge systems and ongoing experiments on innovation at the margins that seek to construct alternatives. Entrenched power relations in the South do not allow for public dialogues that allows for society to engage with, if not speak back, to scientists in co-creating newer knowledge. Through the case study of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an agroecological innovation that arose outside the formal research establishment, we show how vulnerable farming communities can proactively co-create alternatives to existing dilemmas in Indian agriculture. Re-imaging RRI in India, we suggest, requires closer attention to the role of civil society organisations in creating innovation spaces through informal and heterogeneous networks of social learning. Networks, we suggest, allow for better expression of creative dissent that could open newer vistas and alternative framing of knowledge. The RRI agenda is thus incomplete without an engagement with the politics of knowledge, and scientific controversies reveal technological lock-ins that hinders alternative framings and pathways.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, C Shambu},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, India, Responsibile Research \\& Innovation (RRI)},\n\tpages = {291--307},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n While Responsible Research and Innovation has the potential for democratising the governance of research and innovation, translating it in the Global South would need dialogues and engaging with the plural knowledge systems and ongoing experiments on innovation at the margins that seek to construct alternatives. Entrenched power relations in the South do not allow for public dialogues that allows for society to engage with, if not speak back, to scientists in co-creating newer knowledge. Through the case study of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an agroecological innovation that arose outside the formal research establishment, we show how vulnerable farming communities can proactively co-create alternatives to existing dilemmas in Indian agriculture. Re-imaging RRI in India, we suggest, requires closer attention to the role of civil society organisations in creating innovation spaces through informal and heterogeneous networks of social learning. Networks, we suggest, allow for better expression of creative dissent that could open newer vistas and alternative framing of knowledge. The RRI agenda is thus incomplete without an engagement with the politics of knowledge, and scientific controversies reveal technological lock-ins that hinders alternative framings and pathways.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Future of Farming: To What End and For What Purpose?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyagi, B. B.; and Kumar, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(2): 256–272. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyagi_future_2020,\n\ttitle = {The {Future} of {Farming}: {To} {What} {End} and {For} {What} {Purpose}?},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Future} of {Farming}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820902966},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820902966},\n\tabstract = {In this conversation, Bharat Bhushan Tyagiji, national award winning farmer from western Uttar Pradesh, and social anthropologist Richa Kumar, together attempt to analyse the alternative perspective of Tyagiji on the current crisis of farming in India, especially Punjab. Unlike typical alternative perspectives that uncritically glorify ‘tradition’, romanticise nature, and dismiss science and machines, Tyagiji’s views are refreshingly different. His focus is on the present; he is not enamoured by tradition or by so-called traditional knowledge. At the same time, he seeks to put science back in its place—within a larger discourse and appreciation of the knowledge of living in this world with meaning and purpose. He argues for working with scientific knowledge rather than dismissing it entirely, and he wants to use technology as part of a system that also centrally values human labour. But before we can change agriculture, he argues, we have to first contend with questions of how we want to live, and what we want to value. This conversation is a small contribution towards helping us think through some of these vexing questions in the context of the future of farming.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Tyagi, Bharat Bhushan and Kumar, Richa},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Alternative Sciences, Biography, Intelligentsia, Punjab},\n\tpages = {256--272},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this conversation, Bharat Bhushan Tyagiji, national award winning farmer from western Uttar Pradesh, and social anthropologist Richa Kumar, together attempt to analyse the alternative perspective of Tyagiji on the current crisis of farming in India, especially Punjab. Unlike typical alternative perspectives that uncritically glorify ‘tradition’, romanticise nature, and dismiss science and machines, Tyagiji’s views are refreshingly different. His focus is on the present; he is not enamoured by tradition or by so-called traditional knowledge. At the same time, he seeks to put science back in its place—within a larger discourse and appreciation of the knowledge of living in this world with meaning and purpose. He argues for working with scientific knowledge rather than dismissing it entirely, and he wants to use technology as part of a system that also centrally values human labour. But before we can change agriculture, he argues, we have to first contend with questions of how we want to live, and what we want to value. This conversation is a small contribution towards helping us think through some of these vexing questions in the context of the future of farming.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ‘Science for Social Revolution’: People’s Science Movements and Democratizing Science in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Venkateswaran, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Science Communication, 19(6): C08. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{venkateswaran_science_2020,\n\ttitle = {‘{Science} for {Social} {Revolution}’: {People}’s {Science} {Movements} and {Democratizing} {Science} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tcopyright = {https://jcom.sissa.it/site/about-jcom},\n\tissn = {1824-2049},\n\tshorttitle = {‘{Science} for social revolution’},\n\turl = {https://jcom.sissa.it/article/pubid/JCOM_1906_2020_C08/},\n\tdoi = {10.22323/2.19060308},\n\tabstract = {Often, new social movements engaged with science and society are characterised as contesting objectivity; the neutrality of modern science seeking to legitimise ‘lay perspectives’. It has been an article of faith among scholars to view third world movements as anti-science, anti-modernity and post-developmentalist. This commentary describes ideological framework, modes of action and organisation of the All India People’s Science Network (AIPSN), one of the People’s science movement (PSMs) active for more than the past four decades. They dispute the dominant development trajectory and science and technology-related policies for reinforcing the existing inequities. Nevertheless, they see ‘science’ as a powerful ally for realising their radical emancipatory vision of ‘science for social revolution’. Mobilising ‘science activists’ as unique alternate communicators, they strive for lay-expert collaboration. The canonical framing of third world social movements as postcolonial and anti-modern does not capture this unique case from India. Further studies are required to tease out such strands of social movements elsewhere.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2025-05-15},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Science Communication},\n\tauthor = {Venkateswaran, T.V.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {All India People's Science Network (AIPSN), Development, India, Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs)},\n\tpages = {C08},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Often, new social movements engaged with science and society are characterised as contesting objectivity; the neutrality of modern science seeking to legitimise ‘lay perspectives’. It has been an article of faith among scholars to view third world movements as anti-science, anti-modernity and post-developmentalist. This commentary describes ideological framework, modes of action and organisation of the All India People’s Science Network (AIPSN), one of the People’s science movement (PSMs) active for more than the past four decades. They dispute the dominant development trajectory and science and technology-related policies for reinforcing the existing inequities. Nevertheless, they see ‘science’ as a powerful ally for realising their radical emancipatory vision of ‘science for social revolution’. Mobilising ‘science activists’ as unique alternate communicators, they strive for lay-expert collaboration. The canonical framing of third world social movements as postcolonial and anti-modern does not capture this unique case from India. Further studies are required to tease out such strands of social movements elsewhere.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From Expression to Expulsion: Digital Public Spaces as Theatres of Operations in Nepal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sha, S.; and Quet, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(3): 386–403. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sha_expression_2020,\n\ttitle = {From {Expression} to {Expulsion}: {Digital} {Public} {Spaces} as {Theatres} of {Operations} in {Nepal}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {From {Expression} to {Expulsion}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820912896},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820912896},\n\tabstract = {On 2 May 2016, Robert Penner, Canadian national residing in Nepal with a working visa, was arrested and then deported to Canada and his visa being cancelled. Based upon an analysis of the documentation related to his arrest and expulsion, this article analyses the articulation of different operations of control. A chain of public interventions and governmental actions makes the substance of the management of digital expression in Nepal and this has to be analysed with tools from media studies and science and technology studies. We present different operative regimes: Twitter accounts and discussions, police action and arrests, and court petitions. We analyse how operational levels are connected and how their interconnections lead to the criminalisation of one individual, most notably through the reformulations of the accusations by different groups of people via different devices. This in turn shows how specific technical interventions determine the control of the public space. These analyses then add to the debate upon the ‘digital public sphere’ by offering a critique of its spatial metaphor from a view focused on its performative stakes—public spaces not as sites of discussion, but as theatres of operations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Sha, Sohan and Quet, Mathieu},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Data Politics, Digital Culture, Digital Public Sphere, Digital STS, Digital citizenship, Digitalisation, Nepal, Science and State, Surveilance techniques},\n\tpages = {386--403},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n On 2 May 2016, Robert Penner, Canadian national residing in Nepal with a working visa, was arrested and then deported to Canada and his visa being cancelled. Based upon an analysis of the documentation related to his arrest and expulsion, this article analyses the articulation of different operations of control. A chain of public interventions and governmental actions makes the substance of the management of digital expression in Nepal and this has to be analysed with tools from media studies and science and technology studies. We present different operative regimes: Twitter accounts and discussions, police action and arrests, and court petitions. We analyse how operational levels are connected and how their interconnections lead to the criminalisation of one individual, most notably through the reformulations of the accusations by different groups of people via different devices. This in turn shows how specific technical interventions determine the control of the public space. These analyses then add to the debate upon the ‘digital public sphere’ by offering a critique of its spatial metaphor from a view focused on its performative stakes—public spaces not as sites of discussion, but as theatres of operations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Smart Cards for All: Digitalisation of Universal Health Coverage in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Al Dahdah, M.; and Mishra, R. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(3): 426–443. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{al_dahdah_smart_2020,\n\ttitle = {Smart {Cards} for {All}: {Digitalisation} of {Universal} {Health} {Coverage} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Smart {Cards} for {All}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820912920},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820912920},\n\tabstract = {In less than ten years, India has launched colossal biometric databases. One among them is related to the first ‘free’ health coverage scheme offered by the government of India: the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY). Based on a public–private partnership between government and private companies, RSBY national scheme was launched in 2008, as a first step towards universal health coverage in a country where households endorse 70\\% of health expenses. The first phase of RSBY offers to cover ₹30,000 (\\$600) of inpatient expenses per year for five members of a below poverty line household and is now piloted in several Indian States to include outpatient expenses and above poverty line families too. RSBY relies exclusively on a centralised digital artefact to function, made visible by the ‘RSBY Smart Card’, a chip enabled plastic card containing personal data of individual and their family counting and conditioning the granting of health services to them; thus, no smart card means no health coverage. Till date 120 million Indians have been registered in the RSBY database. This article analyses how health accessibility is crafted under the RSBY scheme by questioning two central dimensions of this data-driven digital health scheme: the smart card technology and the public–private partnership, whereas RSBY scheme promises health coverage for all, its digital infrastructures may complicate access to health services, and reveal new patterns of exclusion of individuals. Thus, we will detail how smartcards technologies and private providers condition access to health care in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Al Dahdah, Marine and Mishra, Rajiv K.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Data Politics, Digitalisation, Healthcare, Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna, Universal Health Coverage},\n\tpages = {426--443},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In less than ten years, India has launched colossal biometric databases. One among them is related to the first ‘free’ health coverage scheme offered by the government of India: the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY). Based on a public–private partnership between government and private companies, RSBY national scheme was launched in 2008, as a first step towards universal health coverage in a country where households endorse 70% of health expenses. The first phase of RSBY offers to cover ₹30,000 ($600) of inpatient expenses per year for five members of a below poverty line household and is now piloted in several Indian States to include outpatient expenses and above poverty line families too. RSBY relies exclusively on a centralised digital artefact to function, made visible by the ‘RSBY Smart Card’, a chip enabled plastic card containing personal data of individual and their family counting and conditioning the granting of health services to them; thus, no smart card means no health coverage. Till date 120 million Indians have been registered in the RSBY database. This article analyses how health accessibility is crafted under the RSBY scheme by questioning two central dimensions of this data-driven digital health scheme: the smart card technology and the public–private partnership, whereas RSBY scheme promises health coverage for all, its digital infrastructures may complicate access to health services, and reveal new patterns of exclusion of individuals. Thus, we will detail how smartcards technologies and private providers condition access to health care in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Technologies Without Borders? The Digitization of Society in a Postcolonial World.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Quet, M.; and Dahdah, M. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(3): 363–367. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{quet_technologies_2020,\n\ttitle = {Technologies {Without} {Borders}? {The} {Digitization} of {Society} in a {Postcolonial} {World}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Technologies {Without} {Borders}?},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820912894},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820912894},\n\tabstract = {"This special issue explores the new ways of governing, of producing and capturing value, of shaping subjects through digital technologies and practices that circulate worldwide. However, against the often Euro-US-centric views upon digital technologies, we question the global nature of these technologies through variations on their situatedness, their ability to circulate and their capacity to increase flows of persons, goods and ideas. To this end we put forward several articles that cover various domains such as digital health services, sport and entertainment, databases and identification practices, network infrastructures, and social networking sites and activism. The case studies covered by these articles deal with different scales, from global sports events to national systems of access to health. The articles show the geographical entanglements between richer and less developed countries through the different methods from comparison between countries to multi-sited approaches. They also take into account how the use of digital technologies is embedded in the production of the Nation, for instance through debates upon freedom of expression, and at the same time how the production of the Nation takes place in an international techno-political context—illustrated by the Special Economic Zones and Export Processing Zones favoured by governments and dedicated to the export of goods and services."\n\n[From the introduction]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Quet, Mathieu and Dahdah, Marine Al},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Digital STS, Digitalisation, India, Nepal, South Asia, Special Issue, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {363--367},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \"This special issue explores the new ways of governing, of producing and capturing value, of shaping subjects through digital technologies and practices that circulate worldwide. However, against the often Euro-US-centric views upon digital technologies, we question the global nature of these technologies through variations on their situatedness, their ability to circulate and their capacity to increase flows of persons, goods and ideas. To this end we put forward several articles that cover various domains such as digital health services, sport and entertainment, databases and identification practices, network infrastructures, and social networking sites and activism. The case studies covered by these articles deal with different scales, from global sports events to national systems of access to health. The articles show the geographical entanglements between richer and less developed countries through the different methods from comparison between countries to multi-sited approaches. They also take into account how the use of digital technologies is embedded in the production of the Nation, for instance through debates upon freedom of expression, and at the same time how the production of the Nation takes place in an international techno-political context—illustrated by the Special Economic Zones and Export Processing Zones favoured by governments and dedicated to the export of goods and services.\" [From the introduction]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Science Problem in Marxism.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Philip, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Zachariah, B.; Raphael, L.; and Bernet, B., editor(s), What’s Left of Marxism: Historiography and the Possibilities of Thinking with Marxian Themes and Concepts, pages 89–118. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, Berlin & Boston, September 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: N47_DwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{philip_science_2020,\n\taddress = {Berlin \\& Boston},\n\ttitle = {The {Science} {Problem} in {Marxism}},\n\tisbn = {9783110677744},\n\tshorttitle = {What’s {Left} of {Marxism}},\n\tabstract = {[Not available]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {What’s {Left} of {Marxism}: {Historiography} and the {Possibilities} of {Thinking} with {Marxian} {Themes} and {Concepts}},\n\tpublisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH \\& Co KG},\n\tauthor = {Philip, Kavita},\n\teditor = {Zachariah, Benjamin and Raphael, Lutz and Bernet, Brigitta},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: N47\\_DwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Radical Science Movements},\n\tpages = {89--118},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n [Not available]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science-Catholicism Interfacing: Some New Perspectives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kozhamthadam, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Dharmaram Publications, Bangalore, 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: LBk3zgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kozhamthadam_science-catholicism_2020,\n\taddress = {Bangalore},\n\ttitle = {Science-{Catholicism} {Interfacing}: {Some} {New} {Perspectives}},\n\tisbn = {9788194501473},\n\tshorttitle = {Science-{Catholicism} {Interfacing}},\n\tabstract = {[Not available]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Dharmaram Publications},\n\tauthor = {Kozhamthadam, Job},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: LBk3zgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Catholicism, Science and Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n [Not available]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Understanding the Barriers to the Diffusion of Rooftop Solar: A Case Study of Delhi (India).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dutt, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Energy Policy, 144: 111674. September 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{dutt_understanding_2020,\n\ttitle = {Understanding the {Barriers} to the {Diffusion} of {Rooftop} {Solar}: {A} {Case} {Study} of {Delhi} ({India})},\n\tvolume = {144},\n\tissn = {0301-4215},\n\tshorttitle = {Understanding the barriers to the diffusion of rooftop solar},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421520304031},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111674},\n\tabstract = {The threat of climate change has necessitated that nations make a switch to greener and more environmentally sustainable fuels. India's plans to promote electricity generation from solar energy is a positive step in this direction. Several states have come up with their own renewable energy plans to support this transition. Delhi's solar policy (2016) intends to contribute to this national plan. It was widely believed that Delhi's favourable geographical conditions for solar, relatively high literacy rate and good public awareness would aid good market penetration of rooftop solar (RTS). However, the expectations of the policy makers have been belied by a meagre adoption rate as RTS has met with a very lukewarm response from the residents of Delhi. The current study holistically explores the obstacles hindering the growth of Delhi's RTS market by integrating perspectives from solar vendors, implementing agencies' officials and users/potential users and suggests some policy measures to address the issues.},\n\turldate = {2024-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Energy Policy},\n\tauthor = {Dutt, Dwarkeshwar},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Barriers, Delhi, Diffusion of Technology, India, Rooftop solar},\n\tpages = {111674},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The threat of climate change has necessitated that nations make a switch to greener and more environmentally sustainable fuels. India's plans to promote electricity generation from solar energy is a positive step in this direction. Several states have come up with their own renewable energy plans to support this transition. Delhi's solar policy (2016) intends to contribute to this national plan. It was widely believed that Delhi's favourable geographical conditions for solar, relatively high literacy rate and good public awareness would aid good market penetration of rooftop solar (RTS). However, the expectations of the policy makers have been belied by a meagre adoption rate as RTS has met with a very lukewarm response from the residents of Delhi. The current study holistically explores the obstacles hindering the growth of Delhi's RTS market by integrating perspectives from solar vendors, implementing agencies' officials and users/potential users and suggests some policy measures to address the issues.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Virus in the Rivers: Histories and Antibiotic Afterlives of the Bacteriophage at the Sangam in Allahabad.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kochhar, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science, 74(4): 625–651. December 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kochhar_virus_2020,\n\ttitle = {The {Virus} in the {Rivers}: {Histories} and {Antibiotic} {Afterlives} of the {Bacteriophage} at the {Sangam} in {Allahabad}},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tissn = {0035-9149, 1743-0178},\n\tshorttitle = {The virus in the rivers},\n\turl = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsnr.2020.0019},\n\tdoi = {10.1098/rsnr.2020.0019},\n\tabstract = {The confluence ( sangam) of India's two major rivers, the Ganges and the Yamuna, is located in the city of Allahabad. Ritualistic dips in these river waters are revered for their believed curative power against infections, and salvation from the karmic cycles of birth and rebirth. The sacred and geographic propensities of the rivers have mythic valences in Hinduism and other religious traditions. Yet the connection of these river waters with curativeness also has a base in historical microbiology: near here, the British bacteriologist Ernest Hanbury Hankin, in 1896, first described the ‘bactericidal action of the waters of the Jamuna and Ganges rivers on Cholera microbes’, predating the discovery of bacterial viruses (now known as bacteriophages) by at least two decades. Pursuing the record of these purificatory waters in sacred writings and folklore, and later elaboration in the work of Hankin, this paper traces an epistemology of time that connects the mythic to the post-Hankin modern scientific, asking how imaginations of the waters’ antibacterial properties are articulated through idioms of faith, filth and the phage. The paper explores how the bacteriophage virus comes to be spoken about within secular and sacred epistemes of infection and riverine pollution, among contemporary historians, biologists and doctors, and in the city's museums. At the same time, it traces the phage in histories arcing from the ancient religious literature, to colonial disease control efforts, to today, where bacteriophages are being conceived as a potential response to the crisis of planetary antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Allahabad presents a ‘cosmotechnics’ where faith, filth and phage are inextricably intertwined, generating complex triangulations between natural ecologies, cultural practices and scientific imaginations. Cosmotechnics therefore opens up novel avenues to reimagine the phage as a protean object, one that occupies partial and multiple spaces in the historico-mytho-scientific arena of Allahabad today.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-18},\n\tjournal = {Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Kochhar, Rijul},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Allahabad, India, Mythology, Religion \\& Science, Sociology of Science, Uttar Pradesh},\n\tpages = {625--651},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The confluence ( sangam) of India's two major rivers, the Ganges and the Yamuna, is located in the city of Allahabad. Ritualistic dips in these river waters are revered for their believed curative power against infections, and salvation from the karmic cycles of birth and rebirth. The sacred and geographic propensities of the rivers have mythic valences in Hinduism and other religious traditions. Yet the connection of these river waters with curativeness also has a base in historical microbiology: near here, the British bacteriologist Ernest Hanbury Hankin, in 1896, first described the ‘bactericidal action of the waters of the Jamuna and Ganges rivers on Cholera microbes’, predating the discovery of bacterial viruses (now known as bacteriophages) by at least two decades. Pursuing the record of these purificatory waters in sacred writings and folklore, and later elaboration in the work of Hankin, this paper traces an epistemology of time that connects the mythic to the post-Hankin modern scientific, asking how imaginations of the waters’ antibacterial properties are articulated through idioms of faith, filth and the phage. The paper explores how the bacteriophage virus comes to be spoken about within secular and sacred epistemes of infection and riverine pollution, among contemporary historians, biologists and doctors, and in the city's museums. At the same time, it traces the phage in histories arcing from the ancient religious literature, to colonial disease control efforts, to today, where bacteriophages are being conceived as a potential response to the crisis of planetary antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Allahabad presents a ‘cosmotechnics’ where faith, filth and phage are inextricably intertwined, generating complex triangulations between natural ecologies, cultural practices and scientific imaginations. Cosmotechnics therefore opens up novel avenues to reimagine the phage as a protean object, one that occupies partial and multiple spaces in the historico-mytho-scientific arena of Allahabad today.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Responsible Innovation as Empowering Ways of Knowing.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Valkenburg, G.; Mamidipudi, A.; Pandey, P.; and Bijker, W. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Responsible Innovation, 7(1): 6–25. January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{valkenburg_responsible_2020,\n\ttitle = {Responsible {Innovation} as {Empowering} {Ways} of {Knowing}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {2329-9460, 2329-9037},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2019.1647087},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/23299460.2019.1647087},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Responsible Innovation},\n\tauthor = {Valkenburg, Govert and Mamidipudi, Annapurna and Pandey, Poonam and Bijker, Wiebe E.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {6--25},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Pathways for Sustainable Urban Waste Management and Reduced Environmental Health Risks in India: Winners, Losers, and Alternatives to Waste to Energy in Delhi.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Randhawa, P.; Marshall, F.; Kushwaha, P. K.; and Desai, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 2: 14. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{randhawa_pathways_2020,\n\ttitle = {Pathways for {Sustainable} {Urban} {Waste} {Management} and {Reduced} {Environmental} {Health} {Risks} in {India}: {Winners}, {Losers}, and {Alternatives} to {Waste} to {Energy} in {Delhi}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tshorttitle = {Pathways for sustainable urban waste management and reduced environmental health risks in {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsc.2020.00014/full},\n\tabstract = {This paper examines the shift toward centralized waste-to-energy (WTE) as a singular solution to Delhi's solid waste crisis and describes a transdisciplinary research process that sought to understand how and why this dominant waste management pathway emerged. It also sought to engage with and facilitate debate on the potential for alternative waste management pathways, which may better address combined environmental and social justice concerns. We explain the emergence of a transforming narrative that reframed waste from a risk to a resource, reflecting and reinforcing the dominant trajectory of socio-technical-ecological change in urban development, and reconfiguring waste related infrastructure to involve public private participation and WTE technology. Drawing on empirical studies, involving local residents, wastepickers associations, NGOs, and government officials, we discuss implications of WTE projects in Delhi. We argue that the current WTE focused approach, without modification, may simply displace health hazards across time, space and social groups and exacerbate social justice concerns. The dominant narrative on waste management priorities appear to make certain health risks protected and recognized whilst others are made invisible. We make the case for possible alternative waste management scenarios, institutional and regulatory arrangements that may better address environmental health and social justice concerns. These are summarized under eight principles for reframing urban waste management policy challenges in the context of sustainable urban development. These principles include a reframing of waste management through a sustainability lens that links currently divergent initiatives on environmental health and social justice. It involves an appreciation of complex socio-material flows of waste, the need to move beyond perspectives of waste management as an environmental policy issue alone, appreciation in policy development that the informal sector will remain a key player despite attempts to formalize waste management and the need to provide incentives for diverse waste management strategies that move beyond the private.},\n\turldate = {2024-04-22},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Sustainable Cities},\n\tauthor = {Randhawa, Pritpal and Marshall, Fiona and Kushwaha, Pravin Kumar and Desai, Pranav},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Delhi, Municipal Solid Waste, Waste-to-Energy, transdisciplinary reserach project},\n\tpages = {14},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper examines the shift toward centralized waste-to-energy (WTE) as a singular solution to Delhi's solid waste crisis and describes a transdisciplinary research process that sought to understand how and why this dominant waste management pathway emerged. It also sought to engage with and facilitate debate on the potential for alternative waste management pathways, which may better address combined environmental and social justice concerns. We explain the emergence of a transforming narrative that reframed waste from a risk to a resource, reflecting and reinforcing the dominant trajectory of socio-technical-ecological change in urban development, and reconfiguring waste related infrastructure to involve public private participation and WTE technology. Drawing on empirical studies, involving local residents, wastepickers associations, NGOs, and government officials, we discuss implications of WTE projects in Delhi. We argue that the current WTE focused approach, without modification, may simply displace health hazards across time, space and social groups and exacerbate social justice concerns. The dominant narrative on waste management priorities appear to make certain health risks protected and recognized whilst others are made invisible. We make the case for possible alternative waste management scenarios, institutional and regulatory arrangements that may better address environmental health and social justice concerns. These are summarized under eight principles for reframing urban waste management policy challenges in the context of sustainable urban development. These principles include a reframing of waste management through a sustainability lens that links currently divergent initiatives on environmental health and social justice. It involves an appreciation of complex socio-material flows of waste, the need to move beyond perspectives of waste management as an environmental policy issue alone, appreciation in policy development that the informal sector will remain a key player despite attempts to formalize waste management and the need to provide incentives for diverse waste management strategies that move beyond the private.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Grassroots Innovations in the Informal Economy: Insights from Value Theory.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sheikh, F. A.; and Bhaduri, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford Development Studies, 48(1): 85–99. January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sheikh_grassroots_2020,\n\ttitle = {Grassroots {Innovations} in the {Informal} {Economy}: {Insights} from {Value} {Theory}},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tissn = {1360-0818, 1469-9966},\n\tshorttitle = {Grassroots innovations in the informal economy},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13600818.2020.1717453},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/13600818.2020.1717453},\n\tabstract = {The scholarship on innovation hitherto has prioritized exchange value, scalability and large scale commercialization, overlooking the other significant human centric values discussed in 'value theory'. Consequently, innovations in the informal economy are often undermined due to their inability to generate exchange values. This paper identifies and examines the suitability of the nuanced set of values discussed in value theory for informal sector grassroots innovations. Based on ten years of ethnographic research in different parts of Jammu and Kashmir in India, we find that these innovations generate a diverse set of values, ranging from use value to socially embedded reciprocal exchange value to different forms of relational and non-relational intrinsic values. At a juncture when strengthening alternative innovation approaches occupies a priority, these findings have important bearing on innovation policy scholarship.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Oxford Development Studies},\n\tauthor = {Sheikh, Fayaz Ahmad and Bhaduri, Saradindu},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {India, Kashmir},\n\tpages = {85--99},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The scholarship on innovation hitherto has prioritized exchange value, scalability and large scale commercialization, overlooking the other significant human centric values discussed in 'value theory'. Consequently, innovations in the informal economy are often undermined due to their inability to generate exchange values. This paper identifies and examines the suitability of the nuanced set of values discussed in value theory for informal sector grassroots innovations. Based on ten years of ethnographic research in different parts of Jammu and Kashmir in India, we find that these innovations generate a diverse set of values, ranging from use value to socially embedded reciprocal exchange value to different forms of relational and non-relational intrinsic values. At a juncture when strengthening alternative innovation approaches occupies a priority, these findings have important bearing on innovation policy scholarship.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Facets of Public Health in Early Twentieth-Century Bombay.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramanna, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Primus Books, Delhi, 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: 40UizgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ramanna_facets_2020,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Facets of {Public} {Health} in {Early} {Twentieth}-{Century} {Bombay}},\n\tisbn = {9789390232888},\n\tabstract = {Facets of Public Health in Early Twentieth-Century Bombay focuses on some aspects of public health in the first three decades of the twentieth-century in Bombay Presidency. We begin with a review of the Western and Ayurvedic medicines, infant foods, tonics, and toiletries, advertised in contemporary English language newspapers, to evaluate how far the copy reflected contemporary social perceptions and notions of health. An attempt is made to understand the health of men and women textile mill workers of Bombay and Ahmedabad and the welfare measures provided to them.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Primus Books},\n\tauthor = {Ramanna, Mridula},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 40UizgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Bombay, Colonial India, Colonial Medicine, History of Medicine, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Facets of Public Health in Early Twentieth-Century Bombay focuses on some aspects of public health in the first three decades of the twentieth-century in Bombay Presidency. We begin with a review of the Western and Ayurvedic medicines, infant foods, tonics, and toiletries, advertised in contemporary English language newspapers, to evaluate how far the copy reflected contemporary social perceptions and notions of health. An attempt is made to understand the health of men and women textile mill workers of Bombay and Ahmedabad and the welfare measures provided to them.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Engineering Education in Cold War Diplomacy: India, Germany, and the Establishment of IIT Madras.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wittje, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 43(4): 560–580. December 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{wittje_engineering_2020,\n\ttitle = {Engineering {Education} in {Cold} {War} {Diplomacy}: {India}, {Germany}, and the {Establishment} of {IIT} {Madras}},\n\tvolume = {43},\n\tissn = {0170-6233, 1522-2365},\n\tshorttitle = {Engineering {Education} in {Cold} {War} {Diplomacy}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bewi.202000014},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/bewi.202000014},\n\tabstract = {Abstract \n The Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT) was set up with assistance of the Federal Republic of Germany between 1956 and 1974. It became the largest, and finally, a successful techno‐scientific education project undertaken by the Federal Republic outside of Germany. In this paper, I argue that the engagement of the Federal Republic at IIT Madras has to be understood primarily as a project of Cold‐War science and technology diplomacy, which on the German side was aimed at preventing an Indian recognition of the German Democratic Republic as a sovereign nation. In aiding the establishment of IIT Madras, the Federal Republic came into direct competition with the Soviet Union, which supported IIT Bombay but also with the United States of America, which supported IIT Kanpur. The assistance to establish IIT Madras and its governance followed mainly political guidelines, to which educational and scientific aspects were rendered subordinate. When the project was in a crisis after the first State Treaty to establish IIT Madras expired in 1963, the political flagship project of the Federal Republic was not allowed to fail. Instead, the cooperation was reorganized and support increased.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-05-15},\n\tjournal = {Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte},\n\tauthor = {Wittje, Roland},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Chennai, Engineering, History of Engineering and Technology, History of Technology, IIT Madras, Institution Development, Madras, Science Education, Tamil Nadu, Technical education},\n\tpages = {560--580},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract The Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT) was set up with assistance of the Federal Republic of Germany between 1956 and 1974. It became the largest, and finally, a successful techno‐scientific education project undertaken by the Federal Republic outside of Germany. In this paper, I argue that the engagement of the Federal Republic at IIT Madras has to be understood primarily as a project of Cold‐War science and technology diplomacy, which on the German side was aimed at preventing an Indian recognition of the German Democratic Republic as a sovereign nation. In aiding the establishment of IIT Madras, the Federal Republic came into direct competition with the Soviet Union, which supported IIT Bombay but also with the United States of America, which supported IIT Kanpur. The assistance to establish IIT Madras and its governance followed mainly political guidelines, to which educational and scientific aspects were rendered subordinate. When the project was in a crisis after the first State Treaty to establish IIT Madras expired in 1963, the political flagship project of the Federal Republic was not allowed to fail. Instead, the cooperation was reorganized and support increased.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Brahmins as Scientists and Science as Brahmins’ Calling: Caste in an Indian Scientific Research Institute.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thomas, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Public Understanding of Science, 29(3): 306–318. April 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{thomas_brahmins_2020,\n\ttitle = {Brahmins as {Scientists} and {Science} as {Brahmins}’ {Calling}: {Caste} in an {Indian} {Scientific} {Research} {Institute}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0963-6625, 1361-6609},\n\tshorttitle = {Brahmins as scientists and science as {Brahmins}’ calling},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0963662520903690},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0963662520903690},\n\tabstract = {The domination of Brahmin and the upper caste scientists have given a Brahmanical identity to science in India. They have been perceived to be the natural inheritors of scientific practice, an assertion reaffirmed by scientists and researchers during my fieldwork in Bangalore, India. Furthermore, merit and passion for doing science was reinscribed and calibrated to denote the alleged castelessness and objectivity of science, obfuscating the deep hierarchies of caste in the practice of science in India. By using ethnographic methods, the article attempts to demonstrate how Indian scientists constructed their identities as casteless beings. The article calls for a public understanding of caste in Indian science, and suggests that public engagement has the potential to democratise the nature of science by addressing the question of exclusion and discrimination in Indian scientific institutions and universities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Public Understanding of Science},\n\tauthor = {Thomas, Renny},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Ethnography, India, Institutions, Scientist},\n\tpages = {306--318},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The domination of Brahmin and the upper caste scientists have given a Brahmanical identity to science in India. They have been perceived to be the natural inheritors of scientific practice, an assertion reaffirmed by scientists and researchers during my fieldwork in Bangalore, India. Furthermore, merit and passion for doing science was reinscribed and calibrated to denote the alleged castelessness and objectivity of science, obfuscating the deep hierarchies of caste in the practice of science in India. By using ethnographic methods, the article attempts to demonstrate how Indian scientists constructed their identities as casteless beings. The article calls for a public understanding of caste in Indian science, and suggests that public engagement has the potential to democratise the nature of science by addressing the question of exclusion and discrimination in Indian scientific institutions and universities.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Making the Globe: A Cultural History of Science in the Bay of Bengal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sivasundaram, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cultural History, 9(2): 217–240. October 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sivasundaram_making_2020,\n\ttitle = {Making the {Globe}: {A} {Cultural} {History} of {Science} in the {Bay} of {Bengal}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tcopyright = {https://www.euppublishing.com/customer-services/librarians/text-and-data-mining-tdm},\n\tissn = {2045-290X, 2045-2918},\n\tshorttitle = {Making the {Globe}},\n\turl = {https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/cult.2020.0222},\n\tdoi = {10.3366/cult.2020.0222},\n\tabstract = {Starting from Madras, travelling across the Bay of Bengal, to the coast of Sumatra and then to Singapore, this paper provides a cultural history of nineteenth-century knowledge-making as an enterprise in making and breaking three concepts: globe, empire and self. It does so by working outwards from early-nineteenth century pendulum-length experiments to determine the curvature of the Earth. It argues that moving across concepts and scales was vital to a regime of big data. Data-crunching involved different sciences and split across territories and sea and land. As the project of making the globe proceeded, for instance from Madras Observatory, imperial settlements could be located precisely as coordinates, for instance British Singapore, and indigenous intellectuals, like Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir (1797–1854), had to find their place in a world of imperial free trade. Global model-making brought about a detachment from individuals and locations as people and places were fixed on a globe and it led to the erasure of the indigenous informant, a key figure in recent histories of science. In linking the making of the globe to the fate of intermediary, the argument urges the need to place indigenous agency in the sciences within wider accounts of labour, capital and imperial expansion.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {Cultural History},\n\tauthor = {Sivasundaram, Sujit},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Bay of Bengal, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Global Histroy, Madras, Madras Observatory, Social History of Science, South Asia, Tamil Nadu},\n\tpages = {217--240},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Starting from Madras, travelling across the Bay of Bengal, to the coast of Sumatra and then to Singapore, this paper provides a cultural history of nineteenth-century knowledge-making as an enterprise in making and breaking three concepts: globe, empire and self. It does so by working outwards from early-nineteenth century pendulum-length experiments to determine the curvature of the Earth. It argues that moving across concepts and scales was vital to a regime of big data. Data-crunching involved different sciences and split across territories and sea and land. As the project of making the globe proceeded, for instance from Madras Observatory, imperial settlements could be located precisely as coordinates, for instance British Singapore, and indigenous intellectuals, like Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir (1797–1854), had to find their place in a world of imperial free trade. Global model-making brought about a detachment from individuals and locations as people and places were fixed on a globe and it led to the erasure of the indigenous informant, a key figure in recent histories of science. In linking the making of the globe to the fate of intermediary, the argument urges the need to place indigenous agency in the sciences within wider accounts of labour, capital and imperial expansion.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Historicizing the Crisis of Scientific Misconduct in Indian Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shahare, M.; and Roberts, L. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History of Science, 58(4): 485–506. December 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shahare_historicizing_2020,\n\ttitle = {Historicizing the {Crisis} of {Scientific} {Misconduct} in {Indian} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {0073-2753, 1753-8564},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0073275320930908},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0073275320930908},\n\tabstract = {A flurry of discussions about plagiarism and predatory publications in recent times has brought the issue of scientific misconduct in India to the fore. The debate has framed scientific misconduct in India as a recent phenomenon. This article questions that framing, which rests on the current tendency to define and police scientific misconduct as a matter of individual behavior. Without ignoring the role of individuals, this article contextualizes their actions by calling attention to the conduct of the institutions, as well as social and political structures that are historically responsible for governing the practice of science in India since the colonial period. Scientific (mis)conduct, in other words, is here examined as a historical phenomenon borne of the interaction between individuals’ aspirations and the systems that impose, measure, and reward scientific output in particular ways. Importantly, historicizing scientific misconduct in this way also underscores scientist-driven initiatives and regulatory interventions that have placed India at the leading edge of reform. With the formal establishment of the Society for Scientific Values in 1986, Indian scientists became the first national community worldwide to monitor research integrity in an institutionally organized way.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Shahare, Mahendra and Roberts, Lissa L.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Conducting research, India, Research integrity, Scientific Community, Scientific misconduct, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {485--506},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A flurry of discussions about plagiarism and predatory publications in recent times has brought the issue of scientific misconduct in India to the fore. The debate has framed scientific misconduct in India as a recent phenomenon. This article questions that framing, which rests on the current tendency to define and police scientific misconduct as a matter of individual behavior. Without ignoring the role of individuals, this article contextualizes their actions by calling attention to the conduct of the institutions, as well as social and political structures that are historically responsible for governing the practice of science in India since the colonial period. Scientific (mis)conduct, in other words, is here examined as a historical phenomenon borne of the interaction between individuals’ aspirations and the systems that impose, measure, and reward scientific output in particular ways. Importantly, historicizing scientific misconduct in this way also underscores scientist-driven initiatives and regulatory interventions that have placed India at the leading edge of reform. With the formal establishment of the Society for Scientific Values in 1986, Indian scientists became the first national community worldwide to monitor research integrity in an institutionally organized way.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biodiversity, Intellectual Property Rights, and Globalisation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shiva, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Santos, B. d. S., editor(s), Another Knowledge Is Possible: Beyond Northern Epistemologies, pages 272–287. Verso Books, London & New York, May 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: _1ucEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{santos_biodiversity_2020,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Biodiversity, {Intellectual} {Property} {Rights}, and {Globalisation}},\n\tisbn = {9781789604030},\n\tshorttitle = {Another {Knowledge} {Is} {Possible}},\n\tabstract = {"In Chapter 10, Vandana Shiva claims that, while biodiversity and indigenous systems of knowledge meet the needs of millions of people, new\nsystems of patents and intellectual property rights (IPRs) are threatening to appropriate these vital resources and knowledge systems from the Third\nWorld, as well as to convert them into the monopoly of Northern corporate interests. As an example, she describes how multinational corporations that\nhave promoted the use of chemicals in agriculture are now looking for biological options. In the search for new markets and for control over the biodiversity base for the production of biopesticides and chemicals, these corporations are claiming IPRs on neem-based biopesticides. According to Shiva, the past decade's movements and struggles against biopiracy have now\nbegun to have an impact. These movements are about both the rights of communities to be the producers of knowledge, food, and medicine and the rights of citizens to have access to basic needs. They are, by their very nature, pluralistic in content and form."\n[from the Preface, pp. xii-xiii]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Another {Knowledge} {Is} {Possible}: {Beyond} {Northern} {Epistemologies}},\n\tpublisher = {Verso Books},\n\tauthor = {Shiva, Vandana},\n\teditor = {Santos, Boaventura de Sousa},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: \\_1ucEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biodiversity, Decolonization, Global South, Intellectual Property Rights, Patents},\n\tpages = {272--287},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"In Chapter 10, Vandana Shiva claims that, while biodiversity and indigenous systems of knowledge meet the needs of millions of people, new systems of patents and intellectual property rights (IPRs) are threatening to appropriate these vital resources and knowledge systems from the Third World, as well as to convert them into the monopoly of Northern corporate interests. As an example, she describes how multinational corporations that have promoted the use of chemicals in agriculture are now looking for biological options. In the search for new markets and for control over the biodiversity base for the production of biopesticides and chemicals, these corporations are claiming IPRs on neem-based biopesticides. According to Shiva, the past decade's movements and struggles against biopiracy have now begun to have an impact. These movements are about both the rights of communities to be the producers of knowledge, food, and medicine and the rights of citizens to have access to basic needs. They are, by their very nature, pluralistic in content and form.\" [from the Preface, pp. xii-xiii]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Violence of Science and Development: Withering Away of the Displaced Van Gujjars in and around Rajaji National Park, Uttarakhand.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sah, P.; and Mallick, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 12(5): 643–652. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sah_violence_2020,\n\ttitle = {Violence of {Science} and {Development}: {Withering} {Away} of the {Displaced} {Van} {Gujjars} in and around {Rajaji} {National} {Park}, {Uttarakhand}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {2042-1338, 2042-1346},\n\tshorttitle = {Violence of science and development},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20421338.2019.1639285},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20421338.2019.1639285},\n\tabstract = {This paper examines the displacement of the semi-nomadic pastoral community of the Van Gujjars from the Protected Area of Rajaji National Park, displacement falling under the rubric of ‘development-induced displacement’. The study carried out was based on qualitative data collection. Primary data was collected through interviews that were semi-structured. Purposive sampling was used to approach the three sets of respondents, viz. government officials, ‘experts’ from the Wildlife Institute of India and NGOs and the tribal community of the Van Gujjars. Data analysis puts forth a very ambiguous argument for the establishment of Protected Areas. The rehabilitation of the Van Gujjars is justified by those who argue that their way of life is unsustainable. By coming forward to put forth a proposal for a community management plan entailing their active participation, it validates the fact that they (Van Gujjars) too have a stake in the preservation of the forests and its wildlife and, thus, should have a say in crucial matters.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development},\n\tauthor = {Sah, Prerna and Mallick, Sambit},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Development, Displacement, India, National Parks, Pastoral communities, Protected Area},\n\tpages = {643--652},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper examines the displacement of the semi-nomadic pastoral community of the Van Gujjars from the Protected Area of Rajaji National Park, displacement falling under the rubric of ‘development-induced displacement’. The study carried out was based on qualitative data collection. Primary data was collected through interviews that were semi-structured. Purposive sampling was used to approach the three sets of respondents, viz. government officials, ‘experts’ from the Wildlife Institute of India and NGOs and the tribal community of the Van Gujjars. Data analysis puts forth a very ambiguous argument for the establishment of Protected Areas. The rehabilitation of the Van Gujjars is justified by those who argue that their way of life is unsustainable. By coming forward to put forth a proposal for a community management plan entailing their active participation, it validates the fact that they (Van Gujjars) too have a stake in the preservation of the forests and its wildlife and, thus, should have a say in crucial matters.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Taking Monsanto to Court: Legal Activism around Intellectual Property in Brazil and India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peschard, K.; and Randeria, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47(4): 792–819. June 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{peschard_taking_2020,\n\ttitle = {Taking {Monsanto} to {Court}: {Legal} {Activism} around {Intellectual} {Property} in {Brazil} and {India}},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {0306-6150, 1743-9361},\n\tshorttitle = {Taking {Monsanto} to court},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03066150.2020.1753184},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/03066150.2020.1753184},\n\tabstract = {This article analyzes legal disputes involving Monsanto's patents and royalties for Roundup Ready soybeans, Bt cotton and Bt eggplant in two important GM-crop producing countries. It argues that Monsanto implemented private royalty collection systems adapted to the specificities of crops and agrarian conditions in Brazil and India. The corporation thus enjoyed in practice the same extraordinary degree of IP rights in these countries as in the United States irrespective of significant differences between patent and plant variety laws of both countries and the US. NGOs and farmers' movements played a key role in drawing public attention to these issues while challenging the legality of the patents and royalty collection systems.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-05-16},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Peasant Studies},\n\tauthor = {Peschard, Karine and Randeria, Shalini},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, Commons, GMOs, Genetic Engineering, Intellectual Property Rights, Monsanto, Patents, Seed Activism},\n\tpages = {792--819},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article analyzes legal disputes involving Monsanto's patents and royalties for Roundup Ready soybeans, Bt cotton and Bt eggplant in two important GM-crop producing countries. It argues that Monsanto implemented private royalty collection systems adapted to the specificities of crops and agrarian conditions in Brazil and India. The corporation thus enjoyed in practice the same extraordinary degree of IP rights in these countries as in the United States irrespective of significant differences between patent and plant variety laws of both countries and the US. NGOs and farmers' movements played a key role in drawing public attention to these issues while challenging the legality of the patents and royalty collection systems.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Sanskritized: How Modern Science became a Handmaiden of Hindu Nationalism.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Routledge Handbook of South Asian Religions. Routledge, 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{nanda_science_2020,\n\ttitle = {Science {Sanskritized}: {How} {Modern} {Science} became a {Handmaiden} of {Hindu} {Nationalism}},\n\tisbn = {9780429054853},\n\tshorttitle = {Science {Sanskritized}},\n\tabstract = {One of the central dogmas of Hindu nationalism is a purported consilience between the spirit and content of modern natural sciences and the Vedic core of the Hindu tradition. This chapter investigates the modes of argumentation that have enabled the encompassment of modern science into the worldview of Vedas and have turned it into a handmaiden of Hindu nationalism. Even though their deployment through the colonial and postcolonial eras is modern, this chapter argues, these discursive strategies for Vedicization of science are rooted in the inherited Hindu tradition of inclusivism through which new, alien and potentially threatening ideas are affiliated with, and subordinated to, the Sanskritic tradition.},\n\tbooktitle = {Routledge {Handbook} of {South} {Asian} {Religions}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemology, India, Religion \\& Science, Religious Nationalism, Secularism},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n One of the central dogmas of Hindu nationalism is a purported consilience between the spirit and content of modern natural sciences and the Vedic core of the Hindu tradition. This chapter investigates the modes of argumentation that have enabled the encompassment of modern science into the worldview of Vedas and have turned it into a handmaiden of Hindu nationalism. Even though their deployment through the colonial and postcolonial eras is modern, this chapter argues, these discursive strategies for Vedicization of science are rooted in the inherited Hindu tradition of inclusivism through which new, alien and potentially threatening ideas are affiliated with, and subordinated to, the Sanskritic tradition.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n (Nation) Building Cvic Epistemologies Around Nuclear Energy in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Haines, M. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Responsible Innovation, 7: 34–52. December 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{haines_nation_2020,\n\ttitle = {({Nation}) {Building} {Cvic} {Epistemologies} {Around} {Nuclear} {Energy} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2020.1771145},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Responsible Innovation},\n\tauthor = {Haines, Monamie Bhadra},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {34--52},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rabindranath and Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghose, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Chaudhuri, S., editor(s), The Cambridge Companion to Rabindranath Tagore, pages 337–351. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{ghose_rabindranath_2020,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Rabindranath and {Science}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Cambridge_Companion_to_Rabindranath/2xzhDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {The {Cambridge} {Companion} to {Rabindranath} {Tagore}},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Ghose, Partha},\n\teditor = {Chaudhuri, Sukanta},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Colonial India, Colonialism, Intellectual History, Social History of Science, Tagore, Rabindranath},\n\tpages = {337--351},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enduring Cancer: Life, Death, and Diagnosis in Delhi.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Banerjee, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Duke University Press, Durham and London, 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{banerjee_enduring_2020,\n\taddress = {Durham and London},\n\ttitle = {Enduring {Cancer}: {Life}, {Death}, and {Diagnosis} in {Delhi}},\n\tshorttitle = {Enduring cancer},\n\turl = {https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/63467/1/9781478091653.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Dwaipayan Banerjee explores the efforts of Delhi's urban poor to create a livable life with cancer as they negotiate an over-extended health system unequipped to respond to the disease.},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Banerjee, Dwaipayan},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Cancer, Health System, India, Medical Sociology, Public Health},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Dwaipayan Banerjee explores the efforts of Delhi's urban poor to create a livable life with cancer as they negotiate an over-extended health system unequipped to respond to the disease.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ‘Keeping Seeds in Our Hands’: The Rise of Seed Activism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peschard, K.; and Randeria, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47(4): 613–647. June 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{peschard_keeping_2020,\n\ttitle = {‘{Keeping} {Seeds} in {Our} {Hands}’: {The} {Rise} of {Seed} {Activism}},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {0306-6150, 1743-9361},\n\tshorttitle = {‘{Keeping} seeds in our hands’},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03066150.2020.1753705},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/03066150.2020.1753705},\n\tabstract = {Semantic innovations like seed commons, peasant seeds and seed sovereignty are a powerful expression of what may be termed as seed activism. In this opening paper of the JPS Special Forum on Seed Activism, we explore the surge of mobilizations the world over in response to processes of seed enclosures and loss of agrobiodiversity. A historical overview of the evolution of seed activism over the past three decades traces a paradigm shift from farmers’ rights to seed sovereignty. Some of the main threats to peasant seed systems – from seed and intellectual property laws to biopiracy, corporate concentration and new genome editing technologies – are analyzed along with strategies by peasants and other activists to counter these developments. We take stock of what has been achieved so far and of the challenges ahead, and suggest some avenues for future research.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-05-16},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Peasant Studies},\n\tauthor = {Peschard, Karine and Randeria, Shalini},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Biopiracy, Commons, Intellectual Property Rights, Patents, Seed Activism},\n\tpages = {613--647},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Semantic innovations like seed commons, peasant seeds and seed sovereignty are a powerful expression of what may be termed as seed activism. In this opening paper of the JPS Special Forum on Seed Activism, we explore the surge of mobilizations the world over in response to processes of seed enclosures and loss of agrobiodiversity. A historical overview of the evolution of seed activism over the past three decades traces a paradigm shift from farmers’ rights to seed sovereignty. Some of the main threats to peasant seed systems – from seed and intellectual property laws to biopiracy, corporate concentration and new genome editing technologies – are analyzed along with strategies by peasants and other activists to counter these developments. We take stock of what has been achieved so far and of the challenges ahead, and suggest some avenues for future research.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n How We Know Biodiversity: Institutions and Knowledge-Policy Relationships.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, R. S.; and Dey, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sustainability Science, 15(3): 975–984. May 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_how_2020,\n\ttitle = {How {We} {Know} {Biodiversity}: {Institutions} and {Knowledge}-{Policy} {Relationships}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1862-4057},\n\tshorttitle = {How we know biodiversity},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00774-w},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11625-019-00774-w},\n\tabstract = {This paper argues that what we do to conserve biodiversity depends on how we know biodiversity. The former Chair of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is concerned that national policymakers may not take the findings of this global assessment (GA) seriously because of ‘squabbling scientists.’ The paper explores the contentious issues in IPBES, about presenting knowledge to policymakers, and about the integration of indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) into this global scientific knowledge creation. It asks why IPBES fights shy of addressing the dialectical relationship between how we know and how we act on the environment. Given that biodiversity is best understood and conserved by local communities, we present a case study of the protocols or policies of the Maldhari community in the Banni grasslands in India. The institutions or norms of the Maldhari ‘way of life’ govern and co-create their knowledge and policy decisions or protocols for biodiversity and livelihoods. The IPBES conceptual framework places these institutions that govern knowledge generation and policy-making outside and distinct from the direct drivers of nature and human well-being. If IPBES findings are to be taken up by nation states, we need astute policy makers who understand institutions and are capable of public engagement and co-creation of knowledge and policy. The paper makes a plea for building on the IPBES report with national and local public engagement, to enable knowledge-policy relationships of co-ownership and action for biodiversity conservation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Sustainability Science},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Rajeswari S. and Dey, Debanjana},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Biodiversity, Communities, Institutions, Knowledge-Policy Relationships, Public Engagement with S\\&T},\n\tpages = {975--984},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper argues that what we do to conserve biodiversity depends on how we know biodiversity. The former Chair of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is concerned that national policymakers may not take the findings of this global assessment (GA) seriously because of ‘squabbling scientists.’ The paper explores the contentious issues in IPBES, about presenting knowledge to policymakers, and about the integration of indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) into this global scientific knowledge creation. It asks why IPBES fights shy of addressing the dialectical relationship between how we know and how we act on the environment. Given that biodiversity is best understood and conserved by local communities, we present a case study of the protocols or policies of the Maldhari community in the Banni grasslands in India. The institutions or norms of the Maldhari ‘way of life’ govern and co-create their knowledge and policy decisions or protocols for biodiversity and livelihoods. The IPBES conceptual framework places these institutions that govern knowledge generation and policy-making outside and distinct from the direct drivers of nature and human well-being. If IPBES findings are to be taken up by nation states, we need astute policy makers who understand institutions and are capable of public engagement and co-creation of knowledge and policy. The paper makes a plea for building on the IPBES report with national and local public engagement, to enable knowledge-policy relationships of co-ownership and action for biodiversity conservation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Historicizing “Indian Systems of Knowledge”: Ayurveda, Exotic Foods, and Contemporary Antihistorical Holisms.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 35: 228–248. August 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_historicizing_2020,\n\ttitle = {Historicizing “{Indian} {Systems} of {Knowledge}”: {Ayurveda}, {Exotic} {Foods}, and {Contemporary} {Antihistorical} {Holisms}},\n\tvolume = {35},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {Historicizing “{Indian} {Systems} of {Knowledge}”},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/709541},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/709541},\n\tabstract = {Some recent authors have argued that “Indian Systems of Knowledge,” such as Ayurvedic medicine, cannot be historicized. They argue that Ayurvedic medicine must be understood as a “system” and with reference to its “metaphysical foundations.” Food has often played an important part in these antihistoricist arguments about traditional South Asian medicines. In this article, I first describe and historicize these antihistoricisms by delineating both their colonial origins and their recent nationalist appropriations. I also argue that history of science needs to distinguish between different types of antihistoricisms emerging from different academic and political contexts. I then move on to show how food history actually can be deployed to subvert these antihistoricist claims. I pursue three interrelated inquiries to support my case. First, I demonstrate that the category of “food” is inappropriate for the textual heritage of Ayurveda, and that we need to be more sensitive to specific technical categories, such as anupana, pathya, and dravya, within which foodstuffs were accommodated. Second, I demonstrate that new foods, especially exotic New World foods, were absorbed into each of these technical categories recognized in Ayurveda. Finally, I show that these new foods did not simply leave the categories themselves untouched. The embodied experiences of the scholar-physicians’ palates substantially transformed the allegedly disembodied, ahistorical categories they wrote about. I argue, then, that far from being an ahistorical fossil as the proponents of antihistorical arguments would have us believe, Ayurvedic medicine was a rich, heterogeneous, and historically dynamic tradition, and food history is singularly well placed to testify to that dynamism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-14},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Colonial India, History of Food, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Medicine},\n\tpages = {228--248},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Some recent authors have argued that “Indian Systems of Knowledge,” such as Ayurvedic medicine, cannot be historicized. They argue that Ayurvedic medicine must be understood as a “system” and with reference to its “metaphysical foundations.” Food has often played an important part in these antihistoricist arguments about traditional South Asian medicines. In this article, I first describe and historicize these antihistoricisms by delineating both their colonial origins and their recent nationalist appropriations. I also argue that history of science needs to distinguish between different types of antihistoricisms emerging from different academic and political contexts. I then move on to show how food history actually can be deployed to subvert these antihistoricist claims. I pursue three interrelated inquiries to support my case. First, I demonstrate that the category of “food” is inappropriate for the textual heritage of Ayurveda, and that we need to be more sensitive to specific technical categories, such as anupana, pathya, and dravya, within which foodstuffs were accommodated. Second, I demonstrate that new foods, especially exotic New World foods, were absorbed into each of these technical categories recognized in Ayurveda. Finally, I show that these new foods did not simply leave the categories themselves untouched. The embodied experiences of the scholar-physicians’ palates substantially transformed the allegedly disembodied, ahistorical categories they wrote about. I argue, then, that far from being an ahistorical fossil as the proponents of antihistorical arguments would have us believe, Ayurvedic medicine was a rich, heterogeneous, and historically dynamic tradition, and food history is singularly well placed to testify to that dynamism.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Questioning Corona: A Symposium on the Social Impact of the Virus.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Visvanathan, S.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Seminar: The Monthly Symposium, 733(September). 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{visvanathan_questioning_2020,\n\ttitle = {Questioning {Corona}: {A} {Symposium} on the {Social} {Impact} of the {Virus}},\n\tvolume = {733},\n\tabstract = {Special Issue on COVID-19},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {September},\n\tjournal = {Seminar: The Monthly Symposium},\n\teditor = {Visvanathan, Shiv},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {India, Medical Policy, Pandemic, Special Issue, Virus},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Special Issue on COVID-19\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science Writing in Hindi in Colonial India: A Critical View of the Motivations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Baksi, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Sumillera, R. G.; Surman, J.; and Kühn, K., editor(s), Translation in Knowledge, Knowledge in Translation, pages 229–248. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, October 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{baksi_science_2020,\n\taddress = {Amsterdam},\n\ttitle = {Science {Writing} in {Hindi} in {Colonial} {India}: {A} {Critical} {View} of the {Motivations}},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tisbn = {9789027260710},\n\tshorttitle = {Chapter 11. {Science} writing in {Hindi} in colonial {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1075/btl.154.11bak/html},\n\tabstract = {Science journalism in Hindi showed remarkable advance with the onset of the twentieth century, in a context that was shaped by the evolution of a specific form of the language, as well as by the emergence and growth of the anti-colonial freedom movement, yoked to the idea of cultural and economic nationalism. The many literary periodicals that flourished in this period provided a platform for regular science writing. Vigyan, the first popular science magazine in Hindi, began publication in 1915. It contributed profusely to the Hindi writings on and about science in pre-Independence India. This study, by way of a critical review of the writings in Vigyan, lays out the influences and motivations that led to this huge impetus to Hindi science writing in the early twentieth century. It throws light on the motivations of the agents who negotiated the process of translation of science in Hindi in colonial India. The chapter exemplifies translation of science as an aspect/component of establishing the hegemony of a language.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tbooktitle = {Translation in {Knowledge}, {Knowledge} in {Translation}},\n\tpublisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},\n\tauthor = {Baksi, Sandipan},\n\teditor = {Sumillera, Rocío G. and Surman, Jan and Kühn, Katharina},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Hindi, India, Intelligentsia, Popular Science, Science Communication, Science Journalism},\n\tpages = {229--248},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science journalism in Hindi showed remarkable advance with the onset of the twentieth century, in a context that was shaped by the evolution of a specific form of the language, as well as by the emergence and growth of the anti-colonial freedom movement, yoked to the idea of cultural and economic nationalism. The many literary periodicals that flourished in this period provided a platform for regular science writing. Vigyan, the first popular science magazine in Hindi, began publication in 1915. It contributed profusely to the Hindi writings on and about science in pre-Independence India. This study, by way of a critical review of the writings in Vigyan, lays out the influences and motivations that led to this huge impetus to Hindi science writing in the early twentieth century. It throws light on the motivations of the agents who negotiated the process of translation of science in Hindi in colonial India. The chapter exemplifies translation of science as an aspect/component of establishing the hegemony of a language.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n International scientific collaborative activities and barriers to them in eight societies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Matthews, K. R. W.; Yang, E.; Lewis, S. W.; Vaidyanathan, B. R.; and Gorman, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Accountability in Research, 27(8): 477–495. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{matthews_international_2020,\n\ttitle = {International scientific collaborative activities and barriers to them in eight societies},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {0898-9621, 1545-5815},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08989621.2020.1774373},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/08989621.2020.1774373},\n\tabstract = {Scientific research increasingly requires international collaboration among scientists. Less is known, however, about the barriers that impede such collaboration. In this pioneering study, more than 9000 scientists from eight societies – the United States, the United Kingdom, India, Italy, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Turkey, and France – were surveyed to gauge scientists’ attitudes and experiences. While most scientists claimed international collaboration was important, their actual participation in such collaborations was much lower. We identified the prevalence rates of three types of barriers (political, logistical, and cultural) based on categories developed from previous work. In addition, we identified nine additional categories of barriers. Key barriers to collaboration that scientists identified included lack of funding for international work, restrictions on material and data sharing, and differences in academic standards. Respondents also complained about bias against scholars from emerging or developing countries. Our study highlights areas where efforts could be made to address policy issues, institutional barriers, and national biases to promote more productive collaboration in the global scientific community.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2025-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Accountability in Research},\n\tauthor = {Matthews, Kirstin R. W. and Yang, Erin and Lewis, Steven W. and Vaidyanathan, Brandon R. and Gorman, Monica},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Collaboration, India, Research collaboration, Scientific Community, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {477--495},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Scientific research increasingly requires international collaboration among scientists. Less is known, however, about the barriers that impede such collaboration. In this pioneering study, more than 9000 scientists from eight societies – the United States, the United Kingdom, India, Italy, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Turkey, and France – were surveyed to gauge scientists’ attitudes and experiences. While most scientists claimed international collaboration was important, their actual participation in such collaborations was much lower. We identified the prevalence rates of three types of barriers (political, logistical, and cultural) based on categories developed from previous work. In addition, we identified nine additional categories of barriers. Key barriers to collaboration that scientists identified included lack of funding for international work, restrictions on material and data sharing, and differences in academic standards. Respondents also complained about bias against scholars from emerging or developing countries. Our study highlights areas where efforts could be made to address policy issues, institutional barriers, and national biases to promote more productive collaboration in the global scientific community.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Recast(e)ing Scientific Temper in a Democracy: The Eccentricities of Ambedkarian Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sahoo, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociological Bulletin, 69(2): 174–190. August 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sahoo_recasteing_2020,\n\ttitle = {Recast(e)ing {Scientific} {Temper} in a {Democracy}: {The} {Eccentricities} of {Ambedkarian} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {69},\n\tissn = {0038-0229, 2457-0257},\n\tshorttitle = {Recast(e)ing {Scientific} {Temper} in a {Democracy}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022920923206},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0038022920923206},\n\tabstract = {Histories of modern science in India have been written in which Ambedkar receives barely a mention or in which he appears as a latecomer to ideas about the social function of science that others had pioneered. This article uses seminal ideas of Bhimrao Ambedkar (1891–1956) to interrogate the nature and representation of science in modern India. Ambedkarian science (AS) can be accessed through Ambedkar’s own speeches and writings and through the wider project of science, which he identified—critiquing colonialism, challenging Hindu metaphysics and cosmology and the ethics of natural inequality they sanction. The article makes a case for looking at AS as a way of structuring the predicament of postcolonial science, particularly in relation to understanding the authority of science and its evaluation in terms of its capacity to deliver social and economic change. It accordingly seeks to outline AS while revisiting the concept of scientific temper.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tjournal = {Sociological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Sahoo, Subhasis},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Ambedkar, Dr. B.R., India, Intellectual History, Post colonial Science, Science \\& Culture},\n\tpages = {174--190},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Histories of modern science in India have been written in which Ambedkar receives barely a mention or in which he appears as a latecomer to ideas about the social function of science that others had pioneered. This article uses seminal ideas of Bhimrao Ambedkar (1891–1956) to interrogate the nature and representation of science in modern India. Ambedkarian science (AS) can be accessed through Ambedkar’s own speeches and writings and through the wider project of science, which he identified—critiquing colonialism, challenging Hindu metaphysics and cosmology and the ethics of natural inequality they sanction. The article makes a case for looking at AS as a way of structuring the predicament of postcolonial science, particularly in relation to understanding the authority of science and its evaluation in terms of its capacity to deliver social and economic change. It accordingly seeks to outline AS while revisiting the concept of scientific temper.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Consensus or Contestation: Reflections on Governance of Innovation in a Context of Heterogeneous Knowledges.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Valkenburg, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(2): 341–356. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{valkenburg_consensus_2020,\n\ttitle = {Consensus or {Contestation}: {Reflections} on {Governance} of {Innovation} in a {Context} of {Heterogeneous} {Knowledges}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Consensus or {Contestation}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820903005},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820903005},\n\tabstract = {Governance of innovation needs to cater in a democratic way for heterogeneity of knowledges. Many initiatives in the democratisation of innovation aspire to some sort of consensus among relevant actors. However, consensus tends to silence dissenting voices, typically those of marginalised groups. In situations of high epistemic and epistemological diversity, this problem can be expected to aggravate. Against consensus-seeking theories of deliberative democracy, Chantal Mouffe has proposed the aspiration to grant the possibility of contestation. While one central principle in many theories of democracy is that it should never silence dissenting or minority positions, Mouffe elevates contestation, rather than the pursuit of consensus, to be the linchpin of democracy. I will explore what a contestation-oriented view of democratisation could mean in the case of governing innovation, specifically in the case of biogasification of rice straw. The latter is commonly presented as a potentially beneficial use of rice straw, which is currently considered waste and (illegally) burned by farmers on the Indian countryside. However, our research has shown that this view indeed unduly suppresses valuable yet marginalised knowledges. Lessons for frameworks such as Responsible Research and Innovation, and particularly an alternative to the dominant aim of democratising innovation through deliberation, will be drawn.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Valkenburg, Govert},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Communities, Local knowledge, Responsibile Research \\& Innovation (RRI), Rural India},\n\tpages = {341--356},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Governance of innovation needs to cater in a democratic way for heterogeneity of knowledges. Many initiatives in the democratisation of innovation aspire to some sort of consensus among relevant actors. However, consensus tends to silence dissenting voices, typically those of marginalised groups. In situations of high epistemic and epistemological diversity, this problem can be expected to aggravate. Against consensus-seeking theories of deliberative democracy, Chantal Mouffe has proposed the aspiration to grant the possibility of contestation. While one central principle in many theories of democracy is that it should never silence dissenting or minority positions, Mouffe elevates contestation, rather than the pursuit of consensus, to be the linchpin of democracy. I will explore what a contestation-oriented view of democratisation could mean in the case of governing innovation, specifically in the case of biogasification of rice straw. The latter is commonly presented as a potentially beneficial use of rice straw, which is currently considered waste and (illegally) burned by farmers on the Indian countryside. However, our research has shown that this view indeed unduly suppresses valuable yet marginalised knowledges. Lessons for frameworks such as Responsible Research and Innovation, and particularly an alternative to the dominant aim of democratising innovation through deliberation, will be drawn.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Responsibility, Representation and Participation: Bureaucratic Steering of Biofuel Research.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shahare, M.; and Thayyil, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(2): 325–340. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shahare_responsibility_2020,\n\ttitle = {Responsibility, {Representation} and {Participation}: {Bureaucratic} {Steering} of {Biofuel} {Research}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Responsibility, {Representation} and {Participation}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820903003},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820903003},\n\tabstract = {This article seeks to trace the implicit notion of responsibility in the bureaucratic steering of biofuel research in India—as a useful entry point to think further on framework of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) in India. It concentrates on a specific aspect within the RRI framework in particular—public engagement and concerns for greater participation. By engaging with R\\&D in biofuel technologies in India, the techno-bureaucratic steering of its trajectories and the emphasis on public engagement within RRI frames, this article seeks to bring focus on how S\\&T governance in India could in principle be made more responsive to societal needs by motivating positive developments in line with public needs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Shahare, Mahendra and Thayyil, Naveen},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Biofuels, Governance, India, Renewable Energy, Responsibile Research \\& Innovation (RRI)},\n\tpages = {325--340},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article seeks to trace the implicit notion of responsibility in the bureaucratic steering of biofuel research in India—as a useful entry point to think further on framework of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) in India. It concentrates on a specific aspect within the RRI framework in particular—public engagement and concerns for greater participation. By engaging with R&D in biofuel technologies in India, the techno-bureaucratic steering of its trajectories and the emphasis on public engagement within RRI frames, this article seeks to bring focus on how S&T governance in India could in principle be made more responsive to societal needs by motivating positive developments in line with public needs.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ‘We Do Not Want Fake Energy’: The Social Shaping of a Solar Micro-grid in Rural India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(2): 308–324. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharma_we_2020,\n\ttitle = {‘{We} {Do} {Not} {Want} {Fake} {Energy}’: {The} {Social} {Shaping} of a {Solar} {Micro}-grid in {Rural} {India}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {‘{We} {Do} {Not} {Want} {Fake} {Energy}’},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820903006},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820903006},\n\tabstract = {During the last two decades, numerous policy actors have advocated multiple models for the diffusion of solar energy-based technologies in India. In recent years, the social development-based energy business model was promoted by some NGOs, civil society groups and academicians for reaching the poor for meeting their energy needs. Using a case study approach, this article explores the social shaping of a solar micro-grid established in rural Bihar through the hybrid model of environmental governance. The article employs the social shaping of technology framework to explain the top-down and bottom-up interpretations of the solar micro-grid in rural India. By focusing on the idea of citizens and consumers, it explains the influence of the wider socio-political context in closing down the debate and stabilising the choices. The article illustrates the implications of the narrow framing of the socio-technical ensemble by the NGO’s and civil society groups (top-down perspective) on the diffusion potential of the solar micro-grid. The bottom-up perspective adds more layer to the interpretation of the socio-technical ensemble. An integrated, comprehensive understanding based on both the top-down and bottom-up perspective would help in developing a responsible research and innovation paradigm.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Aviram},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Responsibile Research \\& Innovation (RRI), Rural India, Solar energy},\n\tpages = {308--324},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n During the last two decades, numerous policy actors have advocated multiple models for the diffusion of solar energy-based technologies in India. In recent years, the social development-based energy business model was promoted by some NGOs, civil society groups and academicians for reaching the poor for meeting their energy needs. Using a case study approach, this article explores the social shaping of a solar micro-grid established in rural Bihar through the hybrid model of environmental governance. The article employs the social shaping of technology framework to explain the top-down and bottom-up interpretations of the solar micro-grid in rural India. By focusing on the idea of citizens and consumers, it explains the influence of the wider socio-political context in closing down the debate and stabilising the choices. The article illustrates the implications of the narrow framing of the socio-technical ensemble by the NGO’s and civil society groups (top-down perspective) on the diffusion potential of the solar micro-grid. The bottom-up perspective adds more layer to the interpretation of the socio-technical ensemble. An integrated, comprehensive understanding based on both the top-down and bottom-up perspective would help in developing a responsible research and innovation paradigm.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n RRI Beyond Its Comfort Zone: Initiating a Dialogue with Frugal Innovation by ‘the Vulnerable’.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhaduri, S.; and Talat, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(2): 273–290. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bhaduri_rri_2020,\n\ttitle = {{RRI} {Beyond} {Its} {Comfort} {Zone}: {Initiating} a {Dialogue} with {Frugal} {Innovation} by ‘the {Vulnerable}’},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {{RRI} {Beyond} {Its} {Comfort} {Zone}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820902967},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820902967},\n\tabstract = {Responsible research and innovation (RRI) aims at mitigating the negative unintended consequences of technologies, developed by large business organisations, on society and environment. Scholars point out that the broader ethical underpinnings of RRI in terms of ‘transparency, interaction and mutual responsiveness’ are difficult to achieve in a typical business environment as conforming to these principles may erode the very competitive advantages the corporations seek to achieve through innovations. At the same time, the scholarship on frugal innovations by ‘the vulnerable’ puts forward an alternative narrative of innovations. Seeking to respond to the gap created by the apparatus of the mainstream market, and the State, these innovations reflect many pro-social motivations, and desire for inclusive development. The two discourses, however, remain isolated from each other. Our article is an attempt to initiate a dialogue between them. We intend to widen the scope and ambit of both RRI and the frugal innovation scholarships, which might help garner more policy and social support in favour of developing socially relevant, inclusive and context-specific innovations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Bhaduri, Saradindu and Talat, Nazia},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Frugal Innovation, India, Responsibile Research \\& Innovation (RRI)},\n\tpages = {273--290},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Responsible research and innovation (RRI) aims at mitigating the negative unintended consequences of technologies, developed by large business organisations, on society and environment. Scholars point out that the broader ethical underpinnings of RRI in terms of ‘transparency, interaction and mutual responsiveness’ are difficult to achieve in a typical business environment as conforming to these principles may erode the very competitive advantages the corporations seek to achieve through innovations. At the same time, the scholarship on frugal innovations by ‘the vulnerable’ puts forward an alternative narrative of innovations. Seeking to respond to the gap created by the apparatus of the mainstream market, and the State, these innovations reflect many pro-social motivations, and desire for inclusive development. The two discourses, however, remain isolated from each other. Our article is an attempt to initiate a dialogue between them. We intend to widen the scope and ambit of both RRI and the frugal innovation scholarships, which might help garner more policy and social support in favour of developing socially relevant, inclusive and context-specific innovations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n RRI’s Commitment to Care and Vulnerability of Agrarian Systems: The ‘Problem’ of Rice Straw Burning in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pandey, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(2): 240–255. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{pandey_rris_2020,\n\ttitle = {{RRI}’s {Commitment} to {Care} and {Vulnerability} of {Agrarian} {Systems}: {The} ‘{Problem}’ of {Rice} {Straw} {Burning} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {{RRI}’s {Commitment} to {Care} and {Vulnerability} of {Agrarian} {Systems}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820902965},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820902965},\n\tabstract = {This paper employs RRI’s mandate of ‘commitment to care’ to understand the ‘problem’ of rice straw burning in India and the possible ways of engaging with it. Straw burning is often framed as a linear technology or policy deficit ‘problem’ in need of an immediate and quick fix. Interventions and solutions emerging from such framings have so far remained ineffective. The ‘commitment to care’ approach enables us to situate the current practices of straw burning in a complex web of relationalities, dependencies, vulnerabilities, and affect. By doing so, the ‘problem’ of straw burning is rearticulated and redefined as a cumulative effect of multiple interventions, transformations, and contradictions that led to the shaping of modern agricultural systems in India. This re-articulation demands for a rethinking of engagement, remedies and responsibilities in ways that move beyond the individualization of blame and action.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Pandey, Poonam},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Care, India, Responsibile Research \\& Innovation (RRI)},\n\tpages = {240--255},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper employs RRI’s mandate of ‘commitment to care’ to understand the ‘problem’ of rice straw burning in India and the possible ways of engaging with it. Straw burning is often framed as a linear technology or policy deficit ‘problem’ in need of an immediate and quick fix. Interventions and solutions emerging from such framings have so far remained ineffective. The ‘commitment to care’ approach enables us to situate the current practices of straw burning in a complex web of relationalities, dependencies, vulnerabilities, and affect. By doing so, the ‘problem’ of straw burning is rearticulated and redefined as a cumulative effect of multiple interventions, transformations, and contradictions that led to the shaping of modern agricultural systems in India. This re-articulation demands for a rethinking of engagement, remedies and responsibilities in ways that move beyond the individualization of blame and action.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Turning Straw to Gold: Mobilising Symmetry in Responsible Research and Innovation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mamidipudi, A.; and Frahm, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(2): 223–239. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mamidipudi_turning_2020,\n\ttitle = {Turning {Straw} to {Gold}: {Mobilising} {Symmetry} in {Responsible} {Research} and {Innovation}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Turning {Straw} to {Gold}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820902964},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820902964},\n\tabstract = {This article aims to reflect on the role of Science, Technology and Society (STS) research(ers) in co-constructing Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) in the Global South. By reporting on RRI research in the Global South, here the Indo-Dutch NWO-MVI project on rice straw burning in Punjab, we make an argument for approaching RRI as a symmetric process of knowledge production mobilised by local actors and researchers alike. For STS researchers to responsibly engage with local innovation systems, their activities need to go beyond knowledge provision and towards facilitating the ownership and circulation of local meanings and means to responsibly innovate. Rather than understanding RRI as a fixed framework to govern innovation practices, this article reflects on RRI as an approach that combines research with intervention. We propose that following the principle of symmetry can turn RRI into a productive tool for the mobilisation of embedded local principles that can organise innovation systems in a responsible way. In particular, symmetry allows the re-location of meanings and practices of innovation as well as the re-negotiation of multiple notions of responsible governance.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Mamidipudi, Annapurna and Frahm, Nina},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Global South, Responsibile Research \\& Innovation (RRI)},\n\tpages = {223--239},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article aims to reflect on the role of Science, Technology and Society (STS) research(ers) in co-constructing Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) in the Global South. By reporting on RRI research in the Global South, here the Indo-Dutch NWO-MVI project on rice straw burning in Punjab, we make an argument for approaching RRI as a symmetric process of knowledge production mobilised by local actors and researchers alike. For STS researchers to responsibly engage with local innovation systems, their activities need to go beyond knowledge provision and towards facilitating the ownership and circulation of local meanings and means to responsibly innovate. Rather than understanding RRI as a fixed framework to govern innovation practices, this article reflects on RRI as an approach that combines research with intervention. We propose that following the principle of symmetry can turn RRI into a productive tool for the mobilisation of embedded local principles that can organise innovation systems in a responsible way. In particular, symmetry allows the re-location of meanings and practices of innovation as well as the re-negotiation of multiple notions of responsible governance.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Interests, Norms, Meanings: A Study of Rice Biotechnology in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, A.; and Mallick, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 40(3-4): 31–39. October 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_interests_2020,\n\ttitle = {Interests, {Norms}, {Meanings}: {A} {Study} of {Rice} {Biotechnology} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {0270-4676, 1552-4183},\n\tshorttitle = {Interests, {Norms}, {Meanings}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0270467621995700},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0270467621995700},\n\tabstract = {Agrarian environments have to be comprehended as being part of a biophysical and social environment that includes the urban and the nonurban, the arable and the nonarable, and other areas that are integrally linked to the world of agriculture and environment and their allied socioeconomic relations. This article examines the responses of rice biotechnologists located in selected Indian public agricultural institutes under the aegis of the State Agricultural University and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research on questions such as “How is GM (genetically modified) technology perceived by rice biotechnologists and under what limiting conditions is it being pursued in rice biotechnology research? Is there a consensus among rice biotechnologists over the application of GM technology? What are the complexities of the GM policy? and What are the implications of intellectual property rights on GM-based research and how scientists are responding to such institutional norms?”},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Avinash and Mallick, Sambit},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Biotechnology, ICAR, India, Rice},\n\tpages = {31--39},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Agrarian environments have to be comprehended as being part of a biophysical and social environment that includes the urban and the nonurban, the arable and the nonarable, and other areas that are integrally linked to the world of agriculture and environment and their allied socioeconomic relations. This article examines the responses of rice biotechnologists located in selected Indian public agricultural institutes under the aegis of the State Agricultural University and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research on questions such as “How is GM (genetically modified) technology perceived by rice biotechnologists and under what limiting conditions is it being pursued in rice biotechnology research? Is there a consensus among rice biotechnologists over the application of GM technology? What are the complexities of the GM policy? and What are the implications of intellectual property rights on GM-based research and how scientists are responding to such institutional norms?”\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Understanding Technology as Situated Practice: Everyday use of Voice User Interfaces Among Diverse Groups of Users in Urban India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kendall, L.; Chaudhuri, B.; and Bhalla, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Information Systems Frontiers, 22(3): 585–605. June 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kendall_understanding_2020,\n\ttitle = {Understanding {Technology} as {Situated} {Practice}: {Everyday} use of {Voice} {User} {Interfaces} {Among} {Diverse} {Groups} of {Users} in {Urban} {India}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tissn = {1572-9419},\n\tshorttitle = {Understanding {Technology} as {Situated} {Practice}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-020-10015-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10796-020-10015-6},\n\tabstract = {As smartphones have become ubiquitous across urban India, voice user interfaces (VUIs) are increasingly becoming part of diverse groups of users’ daily experiences. These technologies are now generally accessible as a result of improvements in mobile Internet access, [-8.5pc]Biography is Required. Please provide. introduction of low-cost smartphones and the ongoing process of their localisation into Indian languages. However, when people engage with technologies in their everyday lives, they not only enact the material attributes of the artifact but also draw on their skills, social positions, prior experience and societal norms and expectations to make use of the artifact. Drawing on Orlikowski’s analytical framework of “technologies-in-practice” we engage in an interview-based exploratory study among diverse groups of users in urban India to understand use of VUIs as situated practice. We identify three technologies-in-practice emerging through enactment of VUIs on users’ smartphones: looking up, learning and leisure. We argue that – instead of asking why and how users appropriate VUIs – identifying different kinds of enactments of VUIs present researchers and practitioners with a more nuanced understanding of existing and potential use of VUIs across varied contexts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Information Systems Frontiers},\n\tauthor = {Kendall, Linus and Chaudhuri, Bidisha and Bhalla, Apoorva},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Digital STS, India, Information \\& Communication Technology, Technologies-in-Practice, Voice user interfaces},\n\tpages = {585--605},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n As smartphones have become ubiquitous across urban India, voice user interfaces (VUIs) are increasingly becoming part of diverse groups of users’ daily experiences. These technologies are now generally accessible as a result of improvements in mobile Internet access, [-8.5pc]Biography is Required. Please provide. introduction of low-cost smartphones and the ongoing process of their localisation into Indian languages. However, when people engage with technologies in their everyday lives, they not only enact the material attributes of the artifact but also draw on their skills, social positions, prior experience and societal norms and expectations to make use of the artifact. Drawing on Orlikowski’s analytical framework of “technologies-in-practice” we engage in an interview-based exploratory study among diverse groups of users in urban India to understand use of VUIs as situated practice. We identify three technologies-in-practice emerging through enactment of VUIs on users’ smartphones: looking up, learning and leisure. We argue that – instead of asking why and how users appropriate VUIs – identifying different kinds of enactments of VUIs present researchers and practitioners with a more nuanced understanding of existing and potential use of VUIs across varied contexts.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tweet, Set, Match: Negotiating the Boundaries of Digital Technologies in Elite Tennis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramanian, V.; Noel, M.; and Paquin, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(3): 404–425. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{subramanian_tweet_2020,\n\ttitle = {Tweet, {Set}, {Match}: {Negotiating} the {Boundaries} of {Digital} {Technologies} in {Elite} {Tennis}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Tweet, {Set}, {Match}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820912923},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820912923},\n\tabstract = {This article attempts to examine the highest tier of elite tennis through a technological lens in order to understand the several imbrications of tennis and technology in Grand Slam events. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, this article studies the version of tennis that exists today—replete with RFID chips, screen interfaces, more powerful racquets than ever before and the ubiquity of social media. As the relationship between players and fans, organisers and visitors, and even gameplay and umpiring have evolved to allow the use of several technologies, Grand Slam tennis has embraced the era of social media and technologically mediated sport. This article views this transformation through the lens of Science Technology and Society in order to better understand the influence that technologies have in shaping the relationships between spectators, players, matches, tournaments and indeed the sport itself.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Subramanian, Vidya and Noel, Marianne and Paquin, Harmony},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Digital STS, Sports},\n\tpages = {404--425},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article attempts to examine the highest tier of elite tennis through a technological lens in order to understand the several imbrications of tennis and technology in Grand Slam events. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, this article studies the version of tennis that exists today—replete with RFID chips, screen interfaces, more powerful racquets than ever before and the ubiquity of social media. As the relationship between players and fans, organisers and visitors, and even gameplay and umpiring have evolved to allow the use of several technologies, Grand Slam tennis has embraced the era of social media and technologically mediated sport. This article views this transformation through the lens of Science Technology and Society in order to better understand the influence that technologies have in shaping the relationships between spectators, players, matches, tournaments and indeed the sport itself.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Regime of Congestion: Technopolitics of Mobility and Inequality in Bengaluru, India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gopakumar, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science as Culture, 29(3): 345–364. July 2020.\n Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2019.1705272\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gopakumar_regime_2020,\n\ttitle = {Regime of {Congestion}: {Technopolitics} of {Mobility} and {Inequality} in {Bengaluru}, {India}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0950-5431},\n\tshorttitle = {Regime of {Congestion}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2019.1705272},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/09505431.2019.1705272},\n\tabstract = {Vehicular congestion on the streets of Bengaluru has been tackled, since the late 1990s at least, through a hybrid coalition of actors, technologies, norms, and discourses that have political consequences. Technopolitical regimes, understood as an ordering that enrolls technologies and artifacts amongst other things to achieve specific political aims, is a particularly apposite framing for delineating the ways by which congestion is problematized and addressed in urban areas, such as Bengaluru. Relying on this framing, a range of entities such as mega-infrastructure projects, ‘super bureaucrats,’ investment plans, and discourses of infrastructure deficiency constitute the regime of congestion. Bengaluru’s regime of congestion has become associated with a discernible political intent that redefines streets into entities reserved for vehicular traffic and at the same time marginalizes the mobility needs of the urban poor and the nonmotorized. In the process, not only is public transit becoming a less inviting option, but it incentivizes the switch to private vehicles, thereby reinforcing the existing regime. It is this self-perpetuating cycle that accounts for the stability of the regime of congestion. This offers two insights for theory development. First, with the circulation of world-class city discourses, urban technopolitical regimes possess a distinctly hybrid global-local (or glocal) constitution that weaves together global norms with local concerns and actors. Second, interlinkages between material, institutional, and political actors create an entity that exists in a self-perpetuating cycle, thus unlocking such a regime would require revitalizing coexistence across multiple modalities of mobility infrastructures.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Science as Culture},\n\tauthor = {Gopakumar, Govind},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2019.1705272},\n\tkeywords = {India, Urban, infrastructure},\n\tpages = {345--364},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Vehicular congestion on the streets of Bengaluru has been tackled, since the late 1990s at least, through a hybrid coalition of actors, technologies, norms, and discourses that have political consequences. Technopolitical regimes, understood as an ordering that enrolls technologies and artifacts amongst other things to achieve specific political aims, is a particularly apposite framing for delineating the ways by which congestion is problematized and addressed in urban areas, such as Bengaluru. Relying on this framing, a range of entities such as mega-infrastructure projects, ‘super bureaucrats,’ investment plans, and discourses of infrastructure deficiency constitute the regime of congestion. Bengaluru’s regime of congestion has become associated with a discernible political intent that redefines streets into entities reserved for vehicular traffic and at the same time marginalizes the mobility needs of the urban poor and the nonmotorized. In the process, not only is public transit becoming a less inviting option, but it incentivizes the switch to private vehicles, thereby reinforcing the existing regime. It is this self-perpetuating cycle that accounts for the stability of the regime of congestion. This offers two insights for theory development. First, with the circulation of world-class city discourses, urban technopolitical regimes possess a distinctly hybrid global-local (or glocal) constitution that weaves together global norms with local concerns and actors. Second, interlinkages between material, institutional, and political actors create an entity that exists in a self-perpetuating cycle, thus unlocking such a regime would require revitalizing coexistence across multiple modalities of mobility infrastructures.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bored Techies Being Casually Racist: Race as Algorithm.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Amrute, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 45(5): 903–933. September 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{amrute_bored_2020,\n\ttitle = {Bored {Techies} {Being} {Casually} {Racist}: {Race} as {Algorithm}},\n\tvolume = {45},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Bored {Techies} {Being} {Casually} {Racist}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243920912824},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0162243920912824},\n\tabstract = {Connecting corporate software work in the United States and Germany, this essay tracks the racialization of mostly male Indian software engineers through the casualization of their labor. In doing so, I show the connections between overt, anti-immigrant violence today and the ongoing use of race to sediment divisions of labor in the industry as a whole. To explain racialization in the tech industry, I develop the concept of race-as-algorithm as a device to unpack how race is made productive within digital economies and to show the flexibility of race as it works to create orders of classification that are sensitive to context. Using evidence collected through observation in tech offices and through interviews with programmers over five years, I track race as an essential but continually disavowed variable within the construction of global tech economies. Historical racializations of casual labor in plantation economies illuminates how casualness marks laborers whose rights can be muted and allows corporations to deny their culpability in promoting discrimination within and outside of the tech industry. These denials occur across a political field that divides “good” from “bad” migrants. Using the ethnographic symptoms that Indian tech workers identify in their environments, this essay reads these signs as an antidote to these continued denials.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Amrute, Sareeta},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Engineering, Ethnography, India, Labour Studies, Race},\n\tpages = {903--933},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Connecting corporate software work in the United States and Germany, this essay tracks the racialization of mostly male Indian software engineers through the casualization of their labor. In doing so, I show the connections between overt, anti-immigrant violence today and the ongoing use of race to sediment divisions of labor in the industry as a whole. To explain racialization in the tech industry, I develop the concept of race-as-algorithm as a device to unpack how race is made productive within digital economies and to show the flexibility of race as it works to create orders of classification that are sensitive to context. Using evidence collected through observation in tech offices and through interviews with programmers over five years, I track race as an essential but continually disavowed variable within the construction of global tech economies. Historical racializations of casual labor in plantation economies illuminates how casualness marks laborers whose rights can be muted and allows corporations to deny their culpability in promoting discrimination within and outside of the tech industry. These denials occur across a political field that divides “good” from “bad” migrants. Using the ethnographic symptoms that Indian tech workers identify in their environments, this essay reads these signs as an antidote to these continued denials.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Prophecy and Prediction: Forecasting Drought and Famine in British India and the Australian Colonies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Morgan, R. A\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Environment, 13(1): 96–133. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{morgan_prophecy_2020,\n\ttitle = {Prophecy and {Prediction}: {Forecasting} {Drought} and {Famine} in {British} {India} and the {Australian} {Colonies}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26898239.pdf},\n\tabstract = {In British India and the Australian colonies, drought and famine, as well as other hazards, were challenges facing local and metropolitan meteorologists. In this article, I examine the colonial and environmental contexts that animated the studies of both Indian and Australian scientists and the meteorological futures they sought to realise. Colonial scientists in India and Australia were eager to develop means of seasonal weather prediction that could aid the advancement of Empire underway in their respective continents. As this article shows, meteorologists in both places understood that the climate knowledge emerging on each side of the east Indian Ocean could be mutually beneficial in related ways. Their vast continental scales, imperial bonds, geographic orientation and telegraphic connection made them worthy partners in colonial efforts to discern and predict weather patterns, while contributing to the wider field of meteorological science. The threat to colonial security and prosperity that drought and famine posed helped to thicken the bonds between these reaches of the empire, as their meteorologists sought to impose their territorial logic of the skies above.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Global Environment},\n\tauthor = {Morgan, Ruth A},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Calcutta, Colonial India, Colonialism, Famine, Madras, Meteorology},\n\tpages = {96--133},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In British India and the Australian colonies, drought and famine, as well as other hazards, were challenges facing local and metropolitan meteorologists. In this article, I examine the colonial and environmental contexts that animated the studies of both Indian and Australian scientists and the meteorological futures they sought to realise. Colonial scientists in India and Australia were eager to develop means of seasonal weather prediction that could aid the advancement of Empire underway in their respective continents. As this article shows, meteorologists in both places understood that the climate knowledge emerging on each side of the east Indian Ocean could be mutually beneficial in related ways. Their vast continental scales, imperial bonds, geographic orientation and telegraphic connection made them worthy partners in colonial efforts to discern and predict weather patterns, while contributing to the wider field of meteorological science. The threat to colonial security and prosperity that drought and famine posed helped to thicken the bonds between these reaches of the empire, as their meteorologists sought to impose their territorial logic of the skies above.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Governance and Accountable Citizenship Through Identification Infrastructures: Database Politics of Copernicus (France) and National Register of Citizens (India).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dagiral, É.; and Singh, K. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(3): 368–385. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dagiral_governance_2020,\n\ttitle = {Governance and {Accountable} {Citizenship} {Through} {Identification} {Infrastructures}: {Database} {Politics} of {Copernicus} ({France}) and {National} {Register} of {Citizens} ({India})},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Governance and {Accountable} {Citizenship} {Through} {Identification} {Infrastructures}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820912895},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820912895},\n\tabstract = {Several governments around the world have developed new ways of registering citizens when it comes to their relations with the state administration. Contemporary practices of identification through databases open up new ways of institutional and governmental practices across various sectors. In France, the tax administration had become the flagship of the whole French e-government project. The first case study focuses on the Copernicus project, which rapidly raised concerns about the implications of identification practices for taxpayers/citizens/households/individuals through unique identifiers. The Indian case study focuses on the National Register of Citizens as a citizen identification infrastructure, the processes of trying to categorise a diverse demography into citizens and non-citizens, and the subsequent issues that arise around different claims to citizenship. Taking these two case studies, this article discusses two national databases in France (tax administration) and India (citizenship), respectively, as examples of contemporary state practices around digital identification infrastructures as a form of database politics to enforce accountable forms of citizen practices through which different forms of data driven institutional and sociotechnical processes are marking new changes in the state–citizen relationship, both in France and in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Dagiral, Éric and Singh, Khetrimayum Monish},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Data Politics, Digital STS, India},\n\tpages = {368--385},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Several governments around the world have developed new ways of registering citizens when it comes to their relations with the state administration. Contemporary practices of identification through databases open up new ways of institutional and governmental practices across various sectors. In France, the tax administration had become the flagship of the whole French e-government project. The first case study focuses on the Copernicus project, which rapidly raised concerns about the implications of identification practices for taxpayers/citizens/households/individuals through unique identifiers. The Indian case study focuses on the National Register of Citizens as a citizen identification infrastructure, the processes of trying to categorise a diverse demography into citizens and non-citizens, and the subsequent issues that arise around different claims to citizenship. Taking these two case studies, this article discusses two national databases in France (tax administration) and India (citizenship), respectively, as examples of contemporary state practices around digital identification infrastructures as a form of database politics to enforce accountable forms of citizen practices through which different forms of data driven institutional and sociotechnical processes are marking new changes in the state–citizen relationship, both in France and in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n If You Build It, Will They Come? Exploring Narratives That Shape the Internet in Nepal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pandey, S. B.; and Regmi, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(3): 444–464. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{pandey_if_2020,\n\ttitle = {If {You} {Build} {It}, {Will} {They} {Come}? {Exploring} {Narratives} {That} {Shape} the {Internet} in {Nepal}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {If {You} {Build} {It}, {Will} {They} {Come}?},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820912922},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820912922},\n\tabstract = {Nepali information and communication technology (ICT) policies, informed by dominant international discourses on internet and ICT for development, have attributed a ‘self-evident’ positive impact to economic growth. Such a conception is inconclusive and hides the underlying socioeconomic inequalities and the barriers they oppose to universal connectivity ambitions. The self-evident discourse overlooks the importance of adjacent infrastructures like electricity, critical for efficient functioning of a ‘digital society’. History has shown Nepal’s eagerness to buy the irrational exuberance of the dot-com era. It also shows policy targets were not based on local evidence and experiences. While the question about when the next bubble will emerge and burst is debatable, the techno-deterministic arguments need to be checked in light of evidence. We offer insights from import trajectories since the drafting of the first IT policy. The proliferation of mobile phones is explored in light of data consumption (i.e., usage) and access during the deadly earthquake in 2015. The evidence clearly highlights the mismatch between connectivity ambitions and socioeconomic realities in a stratified information society. We contend that the self-evident visions of connectivity need to be checked empirically. We call for internet and ICT policies that have a nuanced conceptualisation of access and its gradation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Pandey, Shailesh B. and Regmi, Nischal},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {ICT, Nepal},\n\tpages = {444--464},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Nepali information and communication technology (ICT) policies, informed by dominant international discourses on internet and ICT for development, have attributed a ‘self-evident’ positive impact to economic growth. Such a conception is inconclusive and hides the underlying socioeconomic inequalities and the barriers they oppose to universal connectivity ambitions. The self-evident discourse overlooks the importance of adjacent infrastructures like electricity, critical for efficient functioning of a ‘digital society’. History has shown Nepal’s eagerness to buy the irrational exuberance of the dot-com era. It also shows policy targets were not based on local evidence and experiences. While the question about when the next bubble will emerge and burst is debatable, the techno-deterministic arguments need to be checked in light of evidence. We offer insights from import trajectories since the drafting of the first IT policy. The proliferation of mobile phones is explored in light of data consumption (i.e., usage) and access during the deadly earthquake in 2015. The evidence clearly highlights the mismatch between connectivity ambitions and socioeconomic realities in a stratified information society. We contend that the self-evident visions of connectivity need to be checked empirically. We call for internet and ICT policies that have a nuanced conceptualisation of access and its gradation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Innovation and Firm-level Labour Productivity: A Comparison of Chinese and Indian Manufacturing Based on Enterprise Surveys.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhattacharya, P.; and Rath, B. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(3): 465–481. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bhattacharya_innovation_2020,\n\ttitle = {Innovation and {Firm}-level {Labour} {Productivity}: {A} {Comparison} of {Chinese} and {Indian} {Manufacturing} {Based} on {Enterprise} {Surveys}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Innovation and {Firm}-level {Labour} {Productivity}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820912902},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820912902},\n\tabstract = {This article examines the impact of innovation on labour productivity by using latest World Bank Enterprise Surveys data and compares the results between Chinese and Indian manufacturing sector. The article uses cross-section data based on two surveys that were conducted by the World Bank in 2012 and 2014 for China and India, respectively. By employing simple ordinary least squares (OLS) regression technique, we find that innovation affects the labour productivity positively for Chinese as well as Indian manufacturing firms, but its impact on firm productivity is relatively weak in case of India as compared to China. Second, other factors such as average wage of the workers, education of production workers and training do significantly boost the labour productivity of Chinese manufacturing firms as well as for Indian firms. Third, our results based on firm size also indicate that the impact of innovation activities on labour productivity is higher in case of large firms as compared to medium firms. However, innovation does not affect the labour productivity of small manufacturing firms for both China and India. In terms of policy, it is important for both Chinese and Indian manufacturing firms to keep pursuing innovation activities, in order to spur productivity, which would strengthen firms’ growth.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Bhattacharya, Poulomi and Rath, Badri Narayan},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {India},\n\tpages = {465--481},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article examines the impact of innovation on labour productivity by using latest World Bank Enterprise Surveys data and compares the results between Chinese and Indian manufacturing sector. The article uses cross-section data based on two surveys that were conducted by the World Bank in 2012 and 2014 for China and India, respectively. By employing simple ordinary least squares (OLS) regression technique, we find that innovation affects the labour productivity positively for Chinese as well as Indian manufacturing firms, but its impact on firm productivity is relatively weak in case of India as compared to China. Second, other factors such as average wage of the workers, education of production workers and training do significantly boost the labour productivity of Chinese manufacturing firms as well as for Indian firms. Third, our results based on firm size also indicate that the impact of innovation activities on labour productivity is higher in case of large firms as compared to medium firms. However, innovation does not affect the labour productivity of small manufacturing firms for both China and India. In terms of policy, it is important for both Chinese and Indian manufacturing firms to keep pursuing innovation activities, in order to spur productivity, which would strengthen firms’ growth.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Responsible Research and Innovation in the Global South: Agriculture, Renewable Energy and the Pursuit of Symmetry.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pandey, P.; Valkenburg, G.; Mamidipudi, A.; and Bijker, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 25(2): 215–222. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{pandey_responsible_2020,\n\ttitle = {Responsible {Research} and {Innovation} in the {Global} {South}: {Agriculture}, {Renewable} {Energy} and the {Pursuit} of {Symmetry}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Responsible {Research} and {Innovation} in the {Global} {South}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820902961},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721820902961},\n\tabstract = {The involvement of stakeholders and the inclusion of multiple perspectives is not a straightforward matter. The editors of this special issue want to make a plea to pursue symmetry when including such various perspectives: to treat different perspectives and knowledges, at least a priori, symmetrically. When doing so, we do not use the word ‘symmetry’ to convey some sort of sanitised perfection or a sense of utopian equality. On the contrary, it is our intention—in line with much STS scholarship—to articulate the politics and power structures that would otherwise be hidden under seemingly neutral academic conceptions. We can shed light on the complexity, messiness and imperfections of the world we study, only if we bracket the dominance of our academic conceptions and treat them in symmetry with the knowledge systems we study.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Pandey, Poonam and Valkenburg, Govert and Mamidipudi, Annapurna and Bijker, Wiebe},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Agrarian Crisis, Bio energy, India, Parali, Responsible Innovation},\n\tpages = {215--222},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The involvement of stakeholders and the inclusion of multiple perspectives is not a straightforward matter. The editors of this special issue want to make a plea to pursue symmetry when including such various perspectives: to treat different perspectives and knowledges, at least a priori, symmetrically. When doing so, we do not use the word ‘symmetry’ to convey some sort of sanitised perfection or a sense of utopian equality. On the contrary, it is our intention—in line with much STS scholarship—to articulate the politics and power structures that would otherwise be hidden under seemingly neutral academic conceptions. We can shed light on the complexity, messiness and imperfections of the world we study, only if we bracket the dominance of our academic conceptions and treat them in symmetry with the knowledge systems we study.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n (De)Racializing Refugee Medicine.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Munyikwa, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 45(5): 829–847. September 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{munyikwa_racializing_2020,\n\ttitle = {({De}){Racializing} {Refugee} {Medicine}},\n\tvolume = {45},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243920905014},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0162243920905014},\n\tabstract = {Based on ethnographic research within refugee-serving institutions in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA), this paper examines the relationship between physicians and the knowledge they produce and consume about caring for refugees from around the world. I explore the “seething presence” of race in refugee medicine, a domain of medical practice whose entanglement with racial ideology and practice has been underexamined. I consider how knowledge about refugees from different groups—whether racially laden designations like “Asian” or “African” or national markers like Congolese or Burmese—circulates in clinical spaces as health-care teams diagnose and treat refugees using standards of “evidence-based” medicine. Assessing the primary literatures that refugee health-care providers use to justify varying care plans, I argue that race, while often unmentioned, structures the practice of refugee medicine. Additionally, the implicit use of race as an analytic, not racism or economic injustice, often disguises the impact of structural racism and inequality in refugee health disparities. I end with some reflections on how we might conduct a more just practice of refugee health care—and by extension, health care more generally—by shifting our gaze from the particularities of seemingly obvious cultural difference to social structure.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Munyikwa, Michelle},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Nepal, Refugees, Sociology of Medicine},\n\tpages = {829--847},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Based on ethnographic research within refugee-serving institutions in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA), this paper examines the relationship between physicians and the knowledge they produce and consume about caring for refugees from around the world. I explore the “seething presence” of race in refugee medicine, a domain of medical practice whose entanglement with racial ideology and practice has been underexamined. I consider how knowledge about refugees from different groups—whether racially laden designations like “Asian” or “African” or national markers like Congolese or Burmese—circulates in clinical spaces as health-care teams diagnose and treat refugees using standards of “evidence-based” medicine. Assessing the primary literatures that refugee health-care providers use to justify varying care plans, I argue that race, while often unmentioned, structures the practice of refugee medicine. Additionally, the implicit use of race as an analytic, not racism or economic injustice, often disguises the impact of structural racism and inequality in refugee health disparities. I end with some reflections on how we might conduct a more just practice of refugee health care—and by extension, health care more generally—by shifting our gaze from the particularities of seemingly obvious cultural difference to social structure.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Inscriptions of Nature: Geology and the Naturalization of Antiquity.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chakrabarti, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, October 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: eaECEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chakrabarti_inscriptions_2020,\n\taddress = {Baltimore},\n\ttitle = {Inscriptions of {Nature}: {Geology} and the {Naturalization} of {Antiquity}},\n\tisbn = {9781421438740},\n\tshorttitle = {Inscriptions of {Nature}},\n\tabstract = {In the nineteenth century, teams of men began digging the earth like never before. Sometimes this digging—often for sewage, transport, or minerals—revealed human remains. Other times, archaeological excavation of ancient cities unearthed prehistoric fossils, while excavations for irrigation canals revealed buried cities. Concurrently, geologists, ethnologists, archaeologists, and missionaries were also digging into ancient texts and genealogies and delving into the lives and bodies of indigenous populations, their myths, legends, and pasts. One pursuit was intertwined with another in this encounter with the earth and its inhabitants—past, present, and future. In Inscriptions of Nature, Pratik Chakrabarti argues that, in both the real and the metaphorical digging of the earth, the deep history of nature, landscape, and people became indelibly inscribed in the study and imagination of antiquity. The first book to situate deep history as an expression of political, economic, and cultural power, this volume shows that it is complicit in the European and colonial appropriation of global nature, commodities, temporalities, and myths. The book also provides a new interpretation of the relationship between nature and history. Arguing that the deep history of the earth became pervasive within historical imaginations of monuments, communities, and territories in the nineteenth century, Chakrabarti studies these processes in the Indian subcontinent, from the banks of the Yamuna and Ganga rivers to the Himalayas to the deep ravines and forests of central India. He also examines associated themes of Hindu antiquarianism, sacred geographies, and tribal aboriginality. Based on extensive archival research, the book provides insights into state formation, mining of natural resources, and the creation of national topographies. Driven by the geological imagination of India as well as its landscape, people, past, and destiny, Inscriptions of Nature reveals how human evolution, myths, aboriginality, and colonial state formation fundamentally defined Indian antiquity.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},\n\tauthor = {Chakrabarti, Pratik},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: eaECEAAAQBAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the nineteenth century, teams of men began digging the earth like never before. Sometimes this digging—often for sewage, transport, or minerals—revealed human remains. Other times, archaeological excavation of ancient cities unearthed prehistoric fossils, while excavations for irrigation canals revealed buried cities. Concurrently, geologists, ethnologists, archaeologists, and missionaries were also digging into ancient texts and genealogies and delving into the lives and bodies of indigenous populations, their myths, legends, and pasts. One pursuit was intertwined with another in this encounter with the earth and its inhabitants—past, present, and future. In Inscriptions of Nature, Pratik Chakrabarti argues that, in both the real and the metaphorical digging of the earth, the deep history of nature, landscape, and people became indelibly inscribed in the study and imagination of antiquity. The first book to situate deep history as an expression of political, economic, and cultural power, this volume shows that it is complicit in the European and colonial appropriation of global nature, commodities, temporalities, and myths. The book also provides a new interpretation of the relationship between nature and history. Arguing that the deep history of the earth became pervasive within historical imaginations of monuments, communities, and territories in the nineteenth century, Chakrabarti studies these processes in the Indian subcontinent, from the banks of the Yamuna and Ganga rivers to the Himalayas to the deep ravines and forests of central India. He also examines associated themes of Hindu antiquarianism, sacred geographies, and tribal aboriginality. Based on extensive archival research, the book provides insights into state formation, mining of natural resources, and the creation of national topographies. Driven by the geological imagination of India as well as its landscape, people, past, and destiny, Inscriptions of Nature reveals how human evolution, myths, aboriginality, and colonial state formation fundamentally defined Indian antiquity.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Rabies in the Streets: Interspecies Camaraderie in Urban India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nadal, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Penn State Press, April 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: _J2YEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{nadal_rabies_2020,\n\ttitle = {Rabies in the {Streets}: {Interspecies} {Camaraderie} in {Urban} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780271086866},\n\tshorttitle = {Rabies in the {Streets}},\n\tabstract = {Found in two-thirds of the world, rabies is a devastating infectious disease with a 99.9 percent case-fatality rate and no cure once clinical signs appear. Rabies in the Streets tells the compelling story of the relationship between people, street animals, and rabies in India, where one-third of human rabies deaths occur. Deborah Nadal argues that only a One Health approach of “interspecies camaraderie” can save people and animals from the horrors of rabies and almost certain death.Grounded in multispecies ethnography, this book leads the reader through the streets and slums of Delhi and Jaipur, where people and animals, such as dogs, cows, and macaques, interact intimately and sometimes violently. Nadal explores the intricate web of factors that bring humans and animals into contact with one another within these urban spaces and create favorable pathways for the transmission of the rabies virus across species. This book shows how rabies is endemic in India for reasons that are as much social, cultural, and political as they are biological, ranging from inadequate sanitation to religious customs, from vaccine shortages to reliance on traditional medicine.The continuous emergence (and reemergence) of infectious diseases despite technical medical progress is a growing concern of our times and clearly questions the way we think of animal and environmental health. This original account of rabies challenges conventional approaches of separation and extermination, arguing instead that a One Health approach is our best chance at fostering mutual survival in a world increasingly overpopulated by humans, animals, and deadly pathogens.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Penn State Press},\n\tauthor = {Nadal, Deborah},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: \\_J2YEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Delhi, India, Jaipur, Multispecies Ethnography, Post humanism},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Found in two-thirds of the world, rabies is a devastating infectious disease with a 99.9 percent case-fatality rate and no cure once clinical signs appear. Rabies in the Streets tells the compelling story of the relationship between people, street animals, and rabies in India, where one-third of human rabies deaths occur. Deborah Nadal argues that only a One Health approach of “interspecies camaraderie” can save people and animals from the horrors of rabies and almost certain death.Grounded in multispecies ethnography, this book leads the reader through the streets and slums of Delhi and Jaipur, where people and animals, such as dogs, cows, and macaques, interact intimately and sometimes violently. Nadal explores the intricate web of factors that bring humans and animals into contact with one another within these urban spaces and create favorable pathways for the transmission of the rabies virus across species. This book shows how rabies is endemic in India for reasons that are as much social, cultural, and political as they are biological, ranging from inadequate sanitation to religious customs, from vaccine shortages to reliance on traditional medicine.The continuous emergence (and reemergence) of infectious diseases despite technical medical progress is a growing concern of our times and clearly questions the way we think of animal and environmental health. This original account of rabies challenges conventional approaches of separation and extermination, arguing instead that a One Health approach is our best chance at fostering mutual survival in a world increasingly overpopulated by humans, animals, and deadly pathogens.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Kudankulam: The Story of an Indo-Russian Nuclear Power Plant.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kaur, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, February 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: 7y8DEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kaur_kudankulam_2020,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Kudankulam: {The} {Story} of an {Indo}-{Russian} {Nuclear} {Power} {Plant}},\n\tisbn = {9780199099979},\n\tshorttitle = {Kudankulam},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Kudankulam/7y8DEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0},\n\tabstract = {Since the 1980s, the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu has faced multiple forms of resistance. Women and men from different walks of life—fishers, farmers, environmentalists, activists, writers, scholars, teachers, journalists, doctors, and lawyers among many others—have come together to combat the deadly radioactive repercussions and repression that come with the development of a high-security nuclear installation. Drawing upon their experiences, this historical and ethnographic study accounts for the anti-nuclear campaign’s part in ‘right-to-lives’ movements while engaging with the (re)production of knowledge and ignorance in the understanding of radiation, and efforts to create an evidence base in response to the otherwise unavailable or insufficient data on the environment and public health in India. Tracing the grassroots struggle for ‘energy justice’ off- and on-line, the author looks into the larger questions of development, democracy, and nationalism. These have marked not just parts of India identified for large-scale constructions, but also other regions of the world where state functionaries have much to gain from corporate collaborations at the cost of local residents who lose their livelihoods, and are forcibly displaced, persecuted, or even killed in order to execute governmental designs in the name of the nation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kaur, Raminder},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7y8DEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Kudankulam, Nuclear energy, People’s Movement Against Nuclear Energy (pmane), Social History of Science, Social Movements, Tamil Nadu},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Since the 1980s, the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu has faced multiple forms of resistance. Women and men from different walks of life—fishers, farmers, environmentalists, activists, writers, scholars, teachers, journalists, doctors, and lawyers among many others—have come together to combat the deadly radioactive repercussions and repression that come with the development of a high-security nuclear installation. Drawing upon their experiences, this historical and ethnographic study accounts for the anti-nuclear campaign’s part in ‘right-to-lives’ movements while engaging with the (re)production of knowledge and ignorance in the understanding of radiation, and efforts to create an evidence base in response to the otherwise unavailable or insufficient data on the environment and public health in India. Tracing the grassroots struggle for ‘energy justice’ off- and on-line, the author looks into the larger questions of development, democracy, and nationalism. These have marked not just parts of India identified for large-scale constructions, but also other regions of the world where state functionaries have much to gain from corporate collaborations at the cost of local residents who lose their livelihoods, and are forcibly displaced, persecuted, or even killed in order to execute governmental designs in the name of the nation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Truth Machines: Policing, Violence, and Scientific Interrogations in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lokaneeta, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Michigan Press, 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: 5a7QDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{lokaneeta_truth_2020,\n\ttitle = {The {Truth} {Machines}: {Policing}, {Violence}, and {Scientific} {Interrogations} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780472054398},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Truth} {Machines}},\n\tabstract = {"Using case studies and the results of extensive fieldwork, this book considers the nature of state power and legal violence in liberal democracies by focusing on the interaction between law, science, and policing in India. The postcolonial Indian police have often been accused of using torture in both routine and exceptional criminal cases, but they, and forensic psychologists, have claimed that lie detectors, brain scans, and narcoanalysis (the use of "truth serum," Sodium Pentothal) represent a paradigm shift away from physical torture; most state high courts in India have upheld this rationale. The Truth Machines examines the emergence and use of these three scientific techniques to analyze two primary themes. First, the book questions whether existing theoretical frameworks for understanding state power and legal violence are adequate to explain constant innovations of the state. Second, it explores the workings of law, science, and policing in the everyday context to generate a theory of state power and legal violence, challenging the monolithic frameworks about this relationship, based on a study of both state and non-state actors. Jinee Lokaneeta argues that the attempt to replace physical torture with truth machines in India fails because it relies on a confessional paradigm that is contiguous with torture. Her work also provides insights into a police institution that is founded and refounded in its everyday interactions between state and non-state actors. Theorizing a concept of Contingent State, this book demonstrates the disaggregated, and decentered nature of state power and legal violence, creating possible sites of critique and intervention"--},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Michigan Press},\n\tauthor = {Lokaneeta, Jinee},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 5a7QDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Forensic Science, India, Law and Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"Using case studies and the results of extensive fieldwork, this book considers the nature of state power and legal violence in liberal democracies by focusing on the interaction between law, science, and policing in India. The postcolonial Indian police have often been accused of using torture in both routine and exceptional criminal cases, but they, and forensic psychologists, have claimed that lie detectors, brain scans, and narcoanalysis (the use of \"truth serum,\" Sodium Pentothal) represent a paradigm shift away from physical torture; most state high courts in India have upheld this rationale. The Truth Machines examines the emergence and use of these three scientific techniques to analyze two primary themes. First, the book questions whether existing theoretical frameworks for understanding state power and legal violence are adequate to explain constant innovations of the state. Second, it explores the workings of law, science, and policing in the everyday context to generate a theory of state power and legal violence, challenging the monolithic frameworks about this relationship, based on a study of both state and non-state actors. Jinee Lokaneeta argues that the attempt to replace physical torture with truth machines in India fails because it relies on a confessional paradigm that is contiguous with torture. Her work also provides insights into a police institution that is founded and refounded in its everyday interactions between state and non-state actors. Theorizing a concept of Contingent State, this book demonstrates the disaggregated, and decentered nature of state power and legal violence, creating possible sites of critique and intervention\"–\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Let There Be Light: Engineering, Entrepreneurship and Electricity in Colonial Bengal, 1880–1945: Engineering, Entrepreneurship and Electricity in Colonial Bengal, 1880–1945.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarkar, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, December 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: BB3hDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sarkar_let_2020,\n\ttitle = {Let {There} {Be} {Light}: {Engineering}, {Entrepreneurship} and {Electricity} in {Colonial} {Bengal}, 1880–1945: {Engineering}, {Entrepreneurship} and {Electricity} in {Colonial} {Bengal}, 1880–1945},\n\tisbn = {9781108835985},\n\tshorttitle = {Let {There} {Be} {Light}},\n\tabstract = {"Social and economic history of science and technology has emerged as a major theme of interdisciplinary research in South Asian history since the late 1990s. This book contributes to the field by exploring the correlation between technological knowledge and industrial performance with a focus on electricity, an emerging technology during 1880 and 1945. The arrival of electricity necessitated the introduction of new institutional facilities and with the growth of technological systems, the culture of entrepreneurship grew - there was demand for trained manpower to handle machines and need for better educational facilities. Taking a broad view of the subject, the narrative is built around the historical experiences of the local Bengali-speaking population in colonial Bengal. While recent research on science and technology under the colonial rule tends to focus on elite actors-both European and Indian - it is important to identify people, mostly Indians, who excelled in the field of technology, without prior academic training in engineering or science. This monograph brings back focus on the hitherto unexplored vernacular sources and emphasizes that the history of technology in India is basically a history of India, the history of its people, and not simply a history of the Indian techno-scientific tradition as proposed by the literature emerging from the West. Adopting the social constructionist model, it presents an amalgamation of archival and Indian language source materials to delineate the diverse nature of the appropriation of technological ideas into Indian culture"--},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: BB3hDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Social History of Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"Social and economic history of science and technology has emerged as a major theme of interdisciplinary research in South Asian history since the late 1990s. This book contributes to the field by exploring the correlation between technological knowledge and industrial performance with a focus on electricity, an emerging technology during 1880 and 1945. The arrival of electricity necessitated the introduction of new institutional facilities and with the growth of technological systems, the culture of entrepreneurship grew - there was demand for trained manpower to handle machines and need for better educational facilities. Taking a broad view of the subject, the narrative is built around the historical experiences of the local Bengali-speaking population in colonial Bengal. While recent research on science and technology under the colonial rule tends to focus on elite actors-both European and Indian - it is important to identify people, mostly Indians, who excelled in the field of technology, without prior academic training in engineering or science. This monograph brings back focus on the hitherto unexplored vernacular sources and emphasizes that the history of technology in India is basically a history of India, the history of its people, and not simply a history of the Indian techno-scientific tradition as proposed by the literature emerging from the West. Adopting the social constructionist model, it presents an amalgamation of archival and Indian language source materials to delineate the diverse nature of the appropriation of technological ideas into Indian culture\"–\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Atomic Mumbai: Living with the Radiance of a Thousand Suns.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kaur, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, New Delhi, November 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: qAsLEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kaur_atomic_2020,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Atomic {Mumbai}: {Living} with the {Radiance} of a {Thousand} {Suns}},\n\tisbn = {9781000084429},\n\tshorttitle = {Atomic {Mumbai}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Atomic_Mumbai/qAsLEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1},\n\tabstract = {Atomic Mumbai offers an insightful historical and ethnographic account of how nuclear issues are represented in popular culture, print media, films, documentaries, advertising and superhero comics, driven by perceptions of those based in the city of Mumbai, a prime site of nuclear establishments in India since the mid-1940s. Based on long-term fieldwork, and including rare photographs, narratives and extensive interviews, the volume documents urban nuclear imaginaries, along with their terrifying association with genetic mutation and death.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Kaur, Raminder},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: qAsLEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Cultural Studies of S\\&T, India, Mumbai, Nuclear energy, Urban Studies},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Atomic Mumbai offers an insightful historical and ethnographic account of how nuclear issues are represented in popular culture, print media, films, documentaries, advertising and superhero comics, driven by perceptions of those based in the city of Mumbai, a prime site of nuclear establishments in India since the mid-1940s. Based on long-term fieldwork, and including rare photographs, narratives and extensive interviews, the volume documents urban nuclear imaginaries, along with their terrifying association with genetic mutation and death.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Commonwealth Forestry and Environmental History: Empire, Forests and Colonial Environments in Africa, the Caribbean, South Asia and New Zealand.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Damodaran, V.; and D'Souza, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Primus Books, Delhi, 2020.\n Google-Books-ID: 7cy5zQEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{damodaran_commonwealth_2020,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Commonwealth {Forestry} and {Environmental} {History}: {Empire}, {Forests} and {Colonial} {Environments} in {Africa}, the {Caribbean}, {South} {Asia} and {New} {Zealand}},\n\tisbn = {9789389850185},\n\tshorttitle = {Commonwealth {Forestry} and {Environmental} {History}},\n\tabstract = {Contemporary anxieties about global warming and climate change impacts have unsettled the ways in which we think about environmental politics and human history. Intense discussions have already begun over whether we need to reconsider what we understand by the term 'environmental change' and if humans have truly become a 'geo-physical' force. Put differently, how should we recast our understanding of the planet's varied environmental pasts in order to make sense of the Anthropocene present? This collection of 19 essays on forestry and environmental change in the erstwhile colonies of the British Empire builds on Richard Grove's quest for achieving a 'global synthesis' as efforts towards writing environmental histories on a planetary scale. The Commonwealth of Nations as a single environmental bloc for study, enquiry and historical scrutiny, explores connected environmental histories, compares dissimilar ecological regions and debates ideologies for environmental management.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Primus Books},\n\tauthor = {Damodaran, Vinita and D'Souza, Rohan},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7cy5zQEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Anthropocene, Environmental History, South Asia},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Contemporary anxieties about global warming and climate change impacts have unsettled the ways in which we think about environmental politics and human history. Intense discussions have already begun over whether we need to reconsider what we understand by the term 'environmental change' and if humans have truly become a 'geo-physical' force. Put differently, how should we recast our understanding of the planet's varied environmental pasts in order to make sense of the Anthropocene present? This collection of 19 essays on forestry and environmental change in the erstwhile colonies of the British Empire builds on Richard Grove's quest for achieving a 'global synthesis' as efforts towards writing environmental histories on a planetary scale. The Commonwealth of Nations as a single environmental bloc for study, enquiry and historical scrutiny, explores connected environmental histories, compares dissimilar ecological regions and debates ideologies for environmental management.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rasāyana and Rasaśāstra in the Persian Medical Culture of South Asia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Speziale, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History of Science in South Asia, 7: 1–41. March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{speziale_rasayana_2019,\n\ttitle = {Rasāyana and {Rasaśāstra} in the {Persian} {Medical} {Culture} of {South} {Asia}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2019 Fabrizio Speziale},\n\tissn = {2369-775X},\n\turl = {https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/hssa/index.php/hssa/article/view/40},\n\tdoi = {10.18732/hssa.v7i0.40},\n\tabstract = {In this article, I suggest that looking at the entangled issues of the creation of a new field of knowledge and the interaction with Others’ learning allows for a more accurate understanding of how Persian medical studies have developed and adapted to different natural and cultural settings during late medieval and early modern periods. This article studies the translation and reception of materials drawn from alchemy (rasaśāstra) and rejuvenating therapy (rasāyana) in the Persianate medical culture of South Asia. Chapters dealing with processed mercury and metals become a standard subject of Persian medical works written by Muslim and Hindu physicians in South Asia. Many of these works are in fact composite writings which combine Ayurvedic and Greco-Arabic materials. However, rasāyana is a branch of knowledge for which there is not a precise equivalent domain in the target culture. How does translation deal and negotiate with this asymmetry? In this study, I assume that cross-cultural translation implies a cognitive shift in the way different groups of readers may understand and classify a certain form of knowledge. I look at the Persian translation of materials drawn from rasāyana chiefly from the reader perspective which focuses on the hermeneutical and accommodation process through which translated materials are integrated into the target culture.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-11},\n\tjournal = {History of Science in South Asia},\n\tauthor = {Speziale, Fabrizio},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Alchemy, Ayurveda, History of Medicine, Persian, South Asia, Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Medicine, Translation},\n\tpages = {1--41},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this article, I suggest that looking at the entangled issues of the creation of a new field of knowledge and the interaction with Others’ learning allows for a more accurate understanding of how Persian medical studies have developed and adapted to different natural and cultural settings during late medieval and early modern periods. This article studies the translation and reception of materials drawn from alchemy (rasaśāstra) and rejuvenating therapy (rasāyana) in the Persianate medical culture of South Asia. Chapters dealing with processed mercury and metals become a standard subject of Persian medical works written by Muslim and Hindu physicians in South Asia. Many of these works are in fact composite writings which combine Ayurvedic and Greco-Arabic materials. However, rasāyana is a branch of knowledge for which there is not a precise equivalent domain in the target culture. How does translation deal and negotiate with this asymmetry? In this study, I assume that cross-cultural translation implies a cognitive shift in the way different groups of readers may understand and classify a certain form of knowledge. I look at the Persian translation of materials drawn from rasāyana chiefly from the reader perspective which focuses on the hermeneutical and accommodation process through which translated materials are integrated into the target culture.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Midnight’s Machines: A Political History of Technology in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sukumar, A. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Penguin Random House India Private Limited, New Delhi, December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sukumar_midnights_2019,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Midnight’s {Machines}: {A} {Political} {History} of {Technology} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9789353057084},\n\tshorttitle = {Midnight’s {Machines}},\n\tabstract = {Every Prime Minister of independent India has guided, if not personally overseen, one prized portfolio: technology. If, in the early years, Nehru and his scientist-advisors retained an iron grip on it, subsequent governments created a bureaucracy that managed everything from the country's crown jewels-its nuclear and space programmes-to solar stoves and mechanized bullock carts.But a lesser-known political project began on 15 August 1947: the Indian state's undertaking to influence what the citizens thought about technology and its place in society. Beneath its soaring rhetoric on the virtues or vices of technology, the state buried a grim reality: India's inability to develop it at home. The political class sent contradictory signals to the general public. On the one hand, they were asked to develop a scientific temper, on the other, to be wary of becoming enslaved to technology; to be thrilled by the spectacle of a space launch while embracing jugaad, frugal innovation, and the art of 'thinking small'. To mask its failure at building computers, the Indian state decried them in the seventies as expensive, job-guzzling machines. When it urged citizens to welcome them the next decade, the government was, unsurprisingly, met with fierce resistance. From Jawaharlal Nehru to Narendra Modi, India's political leadership has tried its best to modernize the nation through technology, but on its own terms and with little success.In this engaging and panoramic history spanning the arc of modern India from the post-War years to present day, Arun Mohan Sukumar gives us the long view with a reasoned, occasionally provocative standpoint, using a lens that's wide enough for the frame it encompasses. With compelling arguments drawn from archival public records and open-source reportage, he unearths the reasons why India embraced or rejected new technologies, giving us a new way to understand and appreciate the individual moments that brought the country into the twenty-first century.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Penguin Random House India Private Limited},\n\tauthor = {Sukumar, Arun Mohan},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {India, Post-Independence India, Social History of Technology, Technologies-in-Practice, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Every Prime Minister of independent India has guided, if not personally overseen, one prized portfolio: technology. If, in the early years, Nehru and his scientist-advisors retained an iron grip on it, subsequent governments created a bureaucracy that managed everything from the country's crown jewels-its nuclear and space programmes-to solar stoves and mechanized bullock carts.But a lesser-known political project began on 15 August 1947: the Indian state's undertaking to influence what the citizens thought about technology and its place in society. Beneath its soaring rhetoric on the virtues or vices of technology, the state buried a grim reality: India's inability to develop it at home. The political class sent contradictory signals to the general public. On the one hand, they were asked to develop a scientific temper, on the other, to be wary of becoming enslaved to technology; to be thrilled by the spectacle of a space launch while embracing jugaad, frugal innovation, and the art of 'thinking small'. To mask its failure at building computers, the Indian state decried them in the seventies as expensive, job-guzzling machines. When it urged citizens to welcome them the next decade, the government was, unsurprisingly, met with fierce resistance. From Jawaharlal Nehru to Narendra Modi, India's political leadership has tried its best to modernize the nation through technology, but on its own terms and with little success.In this engaging and panoramic history spanning the arc of modern India from the post-War years to present day, Arun Mohan Sukumar gives us the long view with a reasoned, occasionally provocative standpoint, using a lens that's wide enough for the frame it encompasses. With compelling arguments drawn from archival public records and open-source reportage, he unearths the reasons why India embraced or rejected new technologies, giving us a new way to understand and appreciate the individual moments that brought the country into the twenty-first century.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Fight against Mosquitoes: Technoscientific Vision of Advanced Biological Control.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shahare, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 54(34). August 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shahare_fight_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Fight} against {Mosquitoes}:\nTechnoscientific {Vision} of {Advanced} {Biological} {Control}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\turl = {https://www.epw.in/journal/2019/34/technology-and-society/fight-against-mosquitoes.html},\n\tabstract = {Technoscientific visions deeply inform the envisioning of the public health policy. Currently, multiple approaches are under development in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases, including dengue and chikungunya. Though controversial, the advanced biological control approach has re-emerged as a strong alternative in the last decade and is shaping the trajectory of technological change in the fight against mosquitoes and associated vector-borne diseases. Since these efforts might change the way India manages its huge infectious disease burden in the long term, it is important to understand how certain technoscientific visions and ideas persist even while being controversial. The contestations surrounding technologies employing the advanced biological control approach are examined in an attempt to address this.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {34},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Shahare, Mahendra},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Biological Control, India, Technology \\& Society, Technoscientific Visions},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Technoscientific visions deeply inform the envisioning of the public health policy. Currently, multiple approaches are under development in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases, including dengue and chikungunya. Though controversial, the advanced biological control approach has re-emerged as a strong alternative in the last decade and is shaping the trajectory of technological change in the fight against mosquitoes and associated vector-borne diseases. Since these efforts might change the way India manages its huge infectious disease burden in the long term, it is important to understand how certain technoscientific visions and ideas persist even while being controversial. The contestations surrounding technologies employing the advanced biological control approach are examined in an attempt to address this.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Vernacular Medicine in Colonial India: Family, Market and Homoeopathy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Das, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York and Port Melbourne, March 2019.\n Google-Books-ID: ML2GDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{das_vernacular_2019,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, New York and Port Melbourne},\n\ttitle = {Vernacular {Medicine} in {Colonial} {India}: {Family}, {Market} and {Homoeopathy}},\n\tisbn = {9781108420624},\n\tshorttitle = {Vernacular {Medicine} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tabstract = {Conceptualised in opposition to 'orthodox' medicine, homoeopathy, a western medical project originating in eighteenth-century Germany, was reconstituted as vernacular medicine in British Bengal. India went on to become the home of the largest population of users of homoeopathic medicine in the world. Combining insights from the history of colonial medicine and the cultural histories of family in British India, Shinjini Das examines the processes through which western homoeopathy was translated and indigenised in the colony as a specific Hindu worldview, an economic vision and a disciplining regimen. In tracing the localisation of German homoeopathy in a British Indian province, this book analyses interactions between Calcutta-based homoeopathic family firms, disparate contributors to the Bengali print market, the British colonial state and emergent nationalist governments. The history of homoeopathy in Bengal reveals myriad negotiations undertaken by the colonised peoples to reshape scientific modernity in the subcontinent.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Das, Shinjini},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ML2GDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Bengal, British India, Calcutta, Family, Germany, Healing, History of Medicine, Homeopathy, India, Kolkata, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Public Health, Social History of Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Conceptualised in opposition to 'orthodox' medicine, homoeopathy, a western medical project originating in eighteenth-century Germany, was reconstituted as vernacular medicine in British Bengal. India went on to become the home of the largest population of users of homoeopathic medicine in the world. Combining insights from the history of colonial medicine and the cultural histories of family in British India, Shinjini Das examines the processes through which western homoeopathy was translated and indigenised in the colony as a specific Hindu worldview, an economic vision and a disciplining regimen. In tracing the localisation of German homoeopathy in a British Indian province, this book analyses interactions between Calcutta-based homoeopathic family firms, disparate contributors to the Bengali print market, the British colonial state and emergent nationalist governments. The history of homoeopathy in Bengal reveals myriad negotiations undertaken by the colonised peoples to reshape scientific modernity in the subcontinent.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modern Science and Technology in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lourdusamy, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@misc{lourdusamy_modern_2019,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\ttitle = {Modern {Science} and {Technology} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.349},\n\tabstract = {Modern science and technology (S\\&T) has been present in India almost as long as it has anywhere else in the world. But the nature of its blossoming in India was substantially different, due to the huge (if not sole) role played by India’s colonial experience—especially the British colonial rule. The colonial state used modern S\\&T in practical and ideological ways to control the territory and its resources, and to keep colonial subjects in awe and submission. Correspondingly, the local intelligentsia’s interest in science was marked by ideological and instrumental concerns. The compulsions of colonialism did not allow for an easy flow of knowledge and expertise. Yet, with limited openings in education and scientific professions, Indians were able to acquire a measure of proficiency that could even lead to a Nobel Prize. The engagement, however, was not marked by one-way diffusion and passive acceptance, but by active appropriation and redefinition according to local imperatives. There was also an active critique of modern S\\&T—especially in its “big” forms and violent faces. After independence, the new nation state opted for a path of massive development of industry and agriculture through deployment of modern S\\&T, whereby world-class institutions, infrastructure industries, and research laboratories were opened in different parts of the country. While these have produced remarkable results, the meeting of science and state has led to stark ironies and difficulties. Also, continuing critiques of the authority of modern S\\&T, the undesirable economic, social, and ecological effects produced by it, and the renewed interest in “traditional alternatives” pose serious challenges to any uncontested or triumphalist march of modern S\\&T in India.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tjournal = {Oxford Research Encyclopedia},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Lourdusamy, John},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, 20th Century, Big Science, Colonial Science, Engineering, India, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Modern science and technology (S&T) has been present in India almost as long as it has anywhere else in the world. But the nature of its blossoming in India was substantially different, due to the huge (if not sole) role played by India’s colonial experience—especially the British colonial rule. The colonial state used modern S&T in practical and ideological ways to control the territory and its resources, and to keep colonial subjects in awe and submission. Correspondingly, the local intelligentsia’s interest in science was marked by ideological and instrumental concerns. The compulsions of colonialism did not allow for an easy flow of knowledge and expertise. Yet, with limited openings in education and scientific professions, Indians were able to acquire a measure of proficiency that could even lead to a Nobel Prize. The engagement, however, was not marked by one-way diffusion and passive acceptance, but by active appropriation and redefinition according to local imperatives. There was also an active critique of modern S&T—especially in its “big” forms and violent faces. After independence, the new nation state opted for a path of massive development of industry and agriculture through deployment of modern S&T, whereby world-class institutions, infrastructure industries, and research laboratories were opened in different parts of the country. While these have produced remarkable results, the meeting of science and state has led to stark ironies and difficulties. Also, continuing critiques of the authority of modern S&T, the undesirable economic, social, and ecological effects produced by it, and the renewed interest in “traditional alternatives” pose serious challenges to any uncontested or triumphalist march of modern S&T in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Education in India: Philosophical, Historical, and Contemporary Conversations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koul, R.; Verma, G.; and Nargund-Joshi, V.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Springer Nature, Singapore, September 2019.\n Google-Books-ID: _byxDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{koul_science_2019,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Science {Education} in {India}: {Philosophical}, {Historical}, and {Contemporary} {Conversations}},\n\tisbn = {9789811395932},\n\tshorttitle = {Science {Education} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {This book brings researchers from across the world to share their expertise, experience, research and reflections on science education in India to make the trends and innovations visible. The thematic parts of the book discuss science education: overviews across K-16 levels; inclusivity and access for underrepresented and marginalized sections; use of innovations including technology in the teaching; and implications for research, practice, innovation and creativity. The book should be of special interest to researchers, school administrators, curriculum designers and policymakers.\n\n"A timely compilation for current and future generations of academic researchers, teachers and policymakers who are interested in examining the issues facing one of the largest education systems in the world. The book offers unique insights into contemporary topics such as girls in STEM subjects, curriculum reform and developing a generation of future creative thinkers." -Professor Vaille Dawson, The University of Western Australia, Australia.\n\n"It provides a panorama of challenges in a country of more than 1.3 billion people, 50\\% being below the age of 25 years. The book arrives at a time in which there are discouraging trends, including a decrease in funding for education. The book chapters are centred on issues that warrant debate to foster awareness of the roles of science education in India and priorities and possibilities for expanding horizons on the road ahead. "-Professor Kenneth Tobin, The City University of New York, New York, USA.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature},\n\teditor = {Koul, Rekha and Verma, Geeta and Nargund-Joshi, Vanashri},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: \\_byxDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Science Education},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book brings researchers from across the world to share their expertise, experience, research and reflections on science education in India to make the trends and innovations visible. The thematic parts of the book discuss science education: overviews across K-16 levels; inclusivity and access for underrepresented and marginalized sections; use of innovations including technology in the teaching; and implications for research, practice, innovation and creativity. The book should be of special interest to researchers, school administrators, curriculum designers and policymakers. \"A timely compilation for current and future generations of academic researchers, teachers and policymakers who are interested in examining the issues facing one of the largest education systems in the world. The book offers unique insights into contemporary topics such as girls in STEM subjects, curriculum reform and developing a generation of future creative thinkers.\" -Professor Vaille Dawson, The University of Western Australia, Australia. \"It provides a panorama of challenges in a country of more than 1.3 billion people, 50% being below the age of 25 years. The book arrives at a time in which there are discouraging trends, including a decrease in funding for education. The book chapters are centred on issues that warrant debate to foster awareness of the roles of science education in India and priorities and possibilities for expanding horizons on the road ahead. \"-Professor Kenneth Tobin, The City University of New York, New York, USA.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Homi Bhabha: A Visionary & Science Administrator Extraordinaire.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, N. D.; and Raj, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2019.\n Google-Books-ID: Ha5ozQEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sharma_homi_2019,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Homi {Bhabha}: {A} {Visionary} \\& {Science} {Administrator} {Extraordinaire}},\n\tisbn = {9788174803115},\n\tshorttitle = {Homi {Bhabha}},\n\tabstract = {[Not available]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Narendra Dutt and Raj, Baldev},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Ha5ozQEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Nuclear Physics, Nuclear energy, Scientific Elites, Scientist},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n [Not available]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mind and Society: From Indian Studies to General Sociology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Uberoi, J. P. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2019.\n Google-Books-ID: ZAy1xwEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{uberoi_mind_2019,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Mind and {Society}: {From} {Indian} {Studies} to {General} {Sociology}},\n\tisbn = {9780199495986},\n\tshorttitle = {Mind and {Society}},\n\tabstract = {A book much needed by India, Indian sociology and the Indian sense of self. This is a strikingly bold volume, diverse in content and yet united by its search for what might be called a truly Indian modernity in the sense of the Gandhian swaraj of mind. A swaraj unfettered by the history of colonialism and the continuing domination of the post-colonial West in both approach and choice of subject matter in Indian academics which continues to define contemporary Indian theory and practice today, both inside and outside the university. This is a work in Indian academics that truly grapples with the concept of Gandhian swaraj in relation to Western thought - its science, philosophy and sociology and its classification of knowledge. It not only analyses the structure of modern Western philosophy and sociology, but also offers some possible solutions to finding our way out of its unavoidable dualisms. It analyses the classification and functioning of the modern university as a social institution. It offers a brilliant analysis of production, reproduction, and obsolescence in post-modern society and then goes on to explore Indian modernity in relation to medievalism and its religions of Hinduism, Sikhism, and Islam.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Uberoi, J. P. Singh},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ZAy1xwEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A book much needed by India, Indian sociology and the Indian sense of self. This is a strikingly bold volume, diverse in content and yet united by its search for what might be called a truly Indian modernity in the sense of the Gandhian swaraj of mind. A swaraj unfettered by the history of colonialism and the continuing domination of the post-colonial West in both approach and choice of subject matter in Indian academics which continues to define contemporary Indian theory and practice today, both inside and outside the university. This is a work in Indian academics that truly grapples with the concept of Gandhian swaraj in relation to Western thought - its science, philosophy and sociology and its classification of knowledge. It not only analyses the structure of modern Western philosophy and sociology, but also offers some possible solutions to finding our way out of its unavoidable dualisms. It analyses the classification and functioning of the modern university as a social institution. It offers a brilliant analysis of production, reproduction, and obsolescence in post-modern society and then goes on to explore Indian modernity in relation to medievalism and its religions of Hinduism, Sikhism, and Islam.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science Journalism for Development in the Global South: A Systematic Literature Review of Issues and Challenges.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nguyen, A.; and Tran, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Public Understanding of Science, 28(8): 973–990. November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{nguyen_science_2019,\n\ttitle = {Science {Journalism} for {Development} in the {Global} {South}: {A} {Systematic} {Literature} {Review} of {Issues} and {Challenges}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0963-6625, 1361-6609},\n\tshorttitle = {Science journalism for development in the {Global} {South}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0963662519875447},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0963662519875447},\n\tabstract = {Based primarily on a systematic review of the relevant literature between 2000 and 2017, this article reflects on the state of journalism about science in developing countries, with a focus on its issues, challenges and implications for their developmental processes and causes. Five major themes emerge from our analysis: (a) heavy dependence on foreign sources, especially the media of the Global North; (b) the low status of domestic science news in newsrooms; (c) uncritical science reporting that easily lends itself to influences of non-science vested interests; (d) tight grip of politics on science journalism; and (e) ineffective relationships between science and journalism. We will demonstrate that, while some of these problems exist in the North, they can have far more severe consequences on the progress of the South, where news plays an almost exclusive role in informing and engaging laypeople with science and its socio-cultural, economic and political implications.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {Public Understanding of Science},\n\tauthor = {Nguyen, An and Tran, Minh},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Nepal, Public Understanding of Science, Science Journalism},\n\tpages = {973--990},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Based primarily on a systematic review of the relevant literature between 2000 and 2017, this article reflects on the state of journalism about science in developing countries, with a focus on its issues, challenges and implications for their developmental processes and causes. Five major themes emerge from our analysis: (a) heavy dependence on foreign sources, especially the media of the Global North; (b) the low status of domestic science news in newsrooms; (c) uncritical science reporting that easily lends itself to influences of non-science vested interests; (d) tight grip of politics on science journalism; and (e) ineffective relationships between science and journalism. We will demonstrate that, while some of these problems exist in the North, they can have far more severe consequences on the progress of the South, where news plays an almost exclusive role in informing and engaging laypeople with science and its socio-cultural, economic and political implications.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Special Issue: New Histories of Technology in South Asia.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prakash, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 60(4): 933–1082. October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prakash_special_2019,\n\ttitle = {Special {Issue}: {New} {Histories} of {Technology} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Prakash, Kumar},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {India, South Asia, Special Issue, Technological innovation, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {933--1082},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Building Consensus Views or Interrogating Metanarratives? Musings on Teaching the Nature of Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raveendran, A.; and Srivastava, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cultural Studies of Science Education, 14(3): 569–575. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raveendran_building_2019,\n\ttitle = {Building {Consensus} {Views} or {Interrogating} {Metanarratives}? {Musings} on {Teaching} the {Nature} of {Science}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1871-1510},\n\tshorttitle = {Building consensus views or interrogating metanarratives?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-018-9878-9},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11422-018-9878-9},\n\tabstract = {This article is a response to María del Mar Aragón, José Antonio Acevedo-Díaz and Antonio García-Carmona’s article, which investigated pre-service teachers’ understandings of epistemic and non-epistemic aspects of the nature of science (NOS) based on the historical case study of Ignaz Semmelweis and childbed fever. We situate the study in contemporary mainstream debates on teaching NOS and argue that science educators ought to focus on conveying specific aspects of NOS in-depth, instead of covering a general check list of NOS tenets in their classrooms. Furthermore, we argue that there are multiple ways of narrating the story of science, the protagonist of science classrooms, and that educators should also be conscious of the metanarratives regarding science that get conveyed in their narratives.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Cultural Studies of Science Education},\n\tauthor = {Raveendran, Aswathy and Srivastava, Himanshu},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Metanarratives},\n\tpages = {569--575},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article is a response to María del Mar Aragón, José Antonio Acevedo-Díaz and Antonio García-Carmona’s article, which investigated pre-service teachers’ understandings of epistemic and non-epistemic aspects of the nature of science (NOS) based on the historical case study of Ignaz Semmelweis and childbed fever. We situate the study in contemporary mainstream debates on teaching NOS and argue that science educators ought to focus on conveying specific aspects of NOS in-depth, instead of covering a general check list of NOS tenets in their classrooms. Furthermore, we argue that there are multiple ways of narrating the story of science, the protagonist of science classrooms, and that educators should also be conscious of the metanarratives regarding science that get conveyed in their narratives.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Yantras or Mystic Diagrams: A Wide Area for Study in Ancient and Medieval Indian Mathematics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramasubramanian, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ramasubramanian, K., editor(s), Gaṇitānanda: Selected Works of Radha Charan Gupta on History of Mathematics, pages 227–260. Springer, Singapore, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{ramasubramanian_yantras_2019,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\ttitle = {Yantras or {Mystic} {Diagrams}: {A} {Wide} {Area} for {Study} in {Ancient} and {Medieval} {Indian} {Mathematics}},\n\tisbn = {9789811312298},\n\tshorttitle = {Yantras or {Mystic} {Diagrams}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1229-8_26},\n\tabstract = {As an appliance, yantra may be an astronomical or surgical instrument, or a machine or mechanical device.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-09},\n\tbooktitle = {Gaṇitānanda: {Selected} {Works} of {Radha} {Charan} {Gupta} on {History} of {Mathematics}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer},\n\tauthor = {Ramasubramanian, K.},\n\teditor = {Ramasubramanian, K.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-13-1229-8_26},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, History of Mathematics, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {227--260},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n As an appliance, yantra may be an astronomical or surgical instrument, or a machine or mechanical device.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vaccinating against \"Vasoori\" : Eradicating Smallpox in the ‘Model’ Princely State of Travancore, 1804–1946.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nair, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 56(4): 361–386. October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{nair_vaccinating_2019,\n\ttitle = {Vaccinating against "{Vasoori}" : {Eradicating} {Smallpox} in the ‘{Model}’ {Princely} {State} of {Travancore}, 1804–1946},\n\tvolume = {56},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\tshorttitle = {Vaccinating against "{Vasoori}"},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0019464619873798},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0019464619873798},\n\tabstract = {The social and medical histories of vaccination are increasingly important in the twenty-first century, as anti-vaccination narratives threaten herd immunity across the world. Much of the historical scholarship on vaccination in India focusses on smallpox, largely in the context of the colonial or post-colonial state. This article explores the histories of this policy in the ‘model’ princely state of Travancore. The essay integrates medical and social history as it tracks the introduction and progress of vaccination into the princely state and examines the process as biomedical discourse about disease and public health, and as a set of corporeal practices. The article also examines the broader cultural meanings ascribed to biomedicine in this princely state and the efforts to construct a ‘modern’ corporeal consciousness through direct and indirect interventions. Finally, the article also engages with the question of what exactly the introduction of biomedicine entailed for the average resident of this region in terms of disease control and prevention.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Nair, Aparna},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {History of Medical Technology, History of Medicine, India, Smallpox, Travancore, Vaccination},\n\tpages = {361--386},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The social and medical histories of vaccination are increasingly important in the twenty-first century, as anti-vaccination narratives threaten herd immunity across the world. Much of the historical scholarship on vaccination in India focusses on smallpox, largely in the context of the colonial or post-colonial state. This article explores the histories of this policy in the ‘model’ princely state of Travancore. The essay integrates medical and social history as it tracks the introduction and progress of vaccination into the princely state and examines the process as biomedical discourse about disease and public health, and as a set of corporeal practices. The article also examines the broader cultural meanings ascribed to biomedicine in this princely state and the efforts to construct a ‘modern’ corporeal consciousness through direct and indirect interventions. Finally, the article also engages with the question of what exactly the introduction of biomedicine entailed for the average resident of this region in terms of disease control and prevention.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Commercialising Innovations from the Informal Economy: The Grassroots Innovation Ecosystem in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, G.; and Kumar, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 8(1): 40–61. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharma_commercialising_2019,\n\ttitle = {Commercialising {Innovations} from the {Informal} {Economy}: {The} {Grassroots} {Innovation} {Ecosystem} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {2398-628X},\n\tshorttitle = {Commercialising innovations from the informal economy},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-12-2017-0142},\n\tdoi = {10.1108/SAJBS-12-2017-0142},\n\tabstract = {The purpose of this paper is to discuss the commercialisation mechanisms of the innovations that emerge from the informal sector of Indian economy. Also known as grassroots innovations, they are said to better fit with the local market demands and conditions in the developing nations of the world. The paper discusses the grassroots innovation ecosystem in India and the role that is played by the state in providing institutional support. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on an exploratory study using both the primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data are taken from the interview of the innovators during the field work, whereas secondary data are acquired from research articles published in various journals indexed in Scopus and web of sciences, government publications and reports. The annual reports of National Innovation Foundation are analysed to gather information and to build the arguments for this paper. The secondary data are also collected and evaluated from the database of the grassroots innovators available on Grassroots Innovation Augmentation Network. Findings The paper provides insight into how the grassroots innovations are commercialised in India through different pathways such as social entrepreneurship, technology transfer and open source technology. It takes four case studies to discuss the institutional support to the grassroots innovator and the challenges in the diffusion of the grassroots innovations. Research limitations/implications Due to the chosen research approach, the results cannot be generalised on all grassroots innovations. Researchers are encouraged to conduct a survey of more grassroots innovations in order to derive generalised outputs. Practical implications The paper includes implications for understanding the diffusion process of grassroots innovations that can be useful for all the emerging and developing nations. Originality/value The paper fulfils an identified need to study the diffusion modes of informal sector innovations and management of grassroots innovations.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {South Asian Journal of Business Studies},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Gautam and Kumar, Hemant},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Commercialization, India, Informal sector innovations, Innovation ecosystem, Innovation studies},\n\tpages = {40--61},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The purpose of this paper is to discuss the commercialisation mechanisms of the innovations that emerge from the informal sector of Indian economy. Also known as grassroots innovations, they are said to better fit with the local market demands and conditions in the developing nations of the world. The paper discusses the grassroots innovation ecosystem in India and the role that is played by the state in providing institutional support. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on an exploratory study using both the primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data are taken from the interview of the innovators during the field work, whereas secondary data are acquired from research articles published in various journals indexed in Scopus and web of sciences, government publications and reports. The annual reports of National Innovation Foundation are analysed to gather information and to build the arguments for this paper. The secondary data are also collected and evaluated from the database of the grassroots innovators available on Grassroots Innovation Augmentation Network. Findings The paper provides insight into how the grassroots innovations are commercialised in India through different pathways such as social entrepreneurship, technology transfer and open source technology. It takes four case studies to discuss the institutional support to the grassroots innovator and the challenges in the diffusion of the grassroots innovations. Research limitations/implications Due to the chosen research approach, the results cannot be generalised on all grassroots innovations. Researchers are encouraged to conduct a survey of more grassroots innovations in order to derive generalised outputs. Practical implications The paper includes implications for understanding the diffusion process of grassroots innovations that can be useful for all the emerging and developing nations. Originality/value The paper fulfils an identified need to study the diffusion modes of informal sector innovations and management of grassroots innovations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Contested Credibility Economies of Nuclear Oower in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Haines, M. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Studies of Science, 49(1): 29–51. February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{haines_contested_2019,\n\ttitle = {Contested {Credibility} {Economies} of {Nuclear} {Oower} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tissn = {0306-3127, 1460-3659},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0306312719827114},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0306312719827114},\n\tabstract = {STS scholars studying anti-nuclear activism in the context of nations in the Global North have observed the critical role of science to mediate relations of domination and resistance. Through a historical examination of anti-nuclear activism in India, this article investigates the instrumentalization of science as a liberal democratic rationality. In doing so, the article shows how elite Indian activists – many of whom are scientists, engineers, journalists and academic professionals – will never be seen as scientifically knowledgeable in nuclear matters, because of their non-state educational pedigrees. If activists cannot hold the state accountable through science, they have attempted to anticipate what other kinds of arguments and modes of contention may gain traction. As such, they have deployed more ‘guerilla’ tactics grounded in bureaucratic rationalities in the hopes of installing themselves as alternate sources of expertise in India’s nuclear landscape.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Social Studies of Science},\n\tauthor = {Haines, Monamie Bhadra},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Activism, India, Intelligentsia, New Social Movements, Nuclear energy, People’s Movement Against Nuclear Energy (pmane), Scientific Community, Scientific elites, Social Movements},\n\tpages = {29--51},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n STS scholars studying anti-nuclear activism in the context of nations in the Global North have observed the critical role of science to mediate relations of domination and resistance. Through a historical examination of anti-nuclear activism in India, this article investigates the instrumentalization of science as a liberal democratic rationality. In doing so, the article shows how elite Indian activists – many of whom are scientists, engineers, journalists and academic professionals – will never be seen as scientifically knowledgeable in nuclear matters, because of their non-state educational pedigrees. If activists cannot hold the state accountable through science, they have attempted to anticipate what other kinds of arguments and modes of contention may gain traction. As such, they have deployed more ‘guerilla’ tactics grounded in bureaucratic rationalities in the hopes of installing themselves as alternate sources of expertise in India’s nuclear landscape.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hylozoic Anticolonialism: Archaic Modernity, Internationalism, and Electromagnetism in British Bengal, 1909–1940.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 34(1): 101–120. June 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_hylozoic_2019,\n\ttitle = {Hylozoic {Anticolonialism}: {Archaic} {Modernity}, {Internationalism}, and {Electromagnetism} in {British} {Bengal}, 1909–1940},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {Hylozoic {Anticolonialism}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/703864},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/703864},\n\tabstract = {Imperial ideology identified “science” and “progress” as the prerogative of the “West,” while “religion” and “spirituality” were located in the “East.” Yet, in practice, these neat dichotomies were far more difficult to sustain. Science and religion were braided together by spiritually inquisitive scientists as much in the West as in the East. Various strands of hylozoic thought that undermined the dichotomy of matter and spirit were located in the liminal space between these orthogonal categories. One such strand of hylozoism, engendered in electromagnetic ideas, was articulated in the early science fiction of authors like Edward Bulwer-Lytton. Dinendrakumar Ray, a Bengali novelist, inserted this science-fictional hylozoism into his translations of the novels of the Australian author Guy Boothby. By selectively adapting and blending Boothby’s international plot lines with Lytton-like electromagnetic hylozoism, Ray was able to craft a “hylozoic anticolonialism” that resonated emphatically with the thought of Sri Aurobindo, a revolutionary nationalist turned neo-Hindu spiritual master.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-14},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Anticolonialism, Bengal, Colonial India, Dinendrakumar Ray, Electromagnetism, Hylozoism, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Science \\& Culture, Science Fiction, Science and Religion, Sri Aurobindo},\n\tpages = {101--120},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Imperial ideology identified “science” and “progress” as the prerogative of the “West,” while “religion” and “spirituality” were located in the “East.” Yet, in practice, these neat dichotomies were far more difficult to sustain. Science and religion were braided together by spiritually inquisitive scientists as much in the West as in the East. Various strands of hylozoic thought that undermined the dichotomy of matter and spirit were located in the liminal space between these orthogonal categories. One such strand of hylozoism, engendered in electromagnetic ideas, was articulated in the early science fiction of authors like Edward Bulwer-Lytton. Dinendrakumar Ray, a Bengali novelist, inserted this science-fictional hylozoism into his translations of the novels of the Australian author Guy Boothby. By selectively adapting and blending Boothby’s international plot lines with Lytton-like electromagnetic hylozoism, Ray was able to craft a “hylozoic anticolonialism” that resonated emphatically with the thought of Sri Aurobindo, a revolutionary nationalist turned neo-Hindu spiritual master.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Historicizing Earthquake and Cyclones: Evolution of Geology and Cyclonology in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghosh, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Historical Review, 46(1): 22–40. June 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ghosh_historicizing_2019,\n\ttitle = {Historicizing {Earthquake} and {Cyclones}: {Evolution} of {Geology} and {Cyclonology} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tissn = {0376-9836, 0975-5977},\n\tshorttitle = {Historicizing {Earthquake} and {Cyclones}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0376983619856136},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0376983619856136},\n\tabstract = {The article elucidates the ideologies behind the colonial policy regarding the mitigation of earthquakes and cyclonic hazards in nineteenth- and twentieth-century India. Colonial encounters with the natural world of the Indian subcontinent had generated much discontent and uneasiness between the rulers and the ruled. There is no doubt that the environmental or natural policies of the colonial state were guided by economic interests, but in the cases of natural disasters like earthquakes and cyclones, these were unleashed in a more critical and dramatic way. The present article intends to critically examine the geological and cyclonological developments in colonial India as part of the disaster mitigation process and thereby explore the colonial attitude towards natural disasters. The economy and politics of disasters had evolved in the course of time in accordance with the shifting interests of colonial rulers. The article does not merely intend to deal with the ‘science’ of the disasters but delves into the historical evolution of geological and cyclonological study in colonial India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Indian Historical Review},\n\tauthor = {Ghosh, Tirthankar},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Cyclones, Disaster Management, Disasters, Earthquakes, Geology, Governmentality, India, Meteorology},\n\tpages = {22--40},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The article elucidates the ideologies behind the colonial policy regarding the mitigation of earthquakes and cyclonic hazards in nineteenth- and twentieth-century India. Colonial encounters with the natural world of the Indian subcontinent had generated much discontent and uneasiness between the rulers and the ruled. There is no doubt that the environmental or natural policies of the colonial state were guided by economic interests, but in the cases of natural disasters like earthquakes and cyclones, these were unleashed in a more critical and dramatic way. The present article intends to critically examine the geological and cyclonological developments in colonial India as part of the disaster mitigation process and thereby explore the colonial attitude towards natural disasters. The economy and politics of disasters had evolved in the course of time in accordance with the shifting interests of colonial rulers. The article does not merely intend to deal with the ‘science’ of the disasters but delves into the historical evolution of geological and cyclonological study in colonial India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Burdens of the Scientific Revolution: Euro/West-Centrism, Black Boxed Machines, and the (Post) Colonial Present.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 60(4): 1059–1082. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_burdens_2019,\n\ttitle = {Burdens of the {Scientific} {Revolution}: {Euro}/{West}-{Centrism}, {Black} {Boxed} {Machines}, and the ({Post}) {Colonial} {Present}},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tissn = {1097-3729},\n\tshorttitle = {Burdens of the {Scientific} {Revolution}},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/741383},\n\tabstract = {How is it possible that past technoscientific research in India does not serve as a sluice for circulations of technoscience even within India? Why do technoscientific artifacts and knowledge continue to flow largely through the West? The answer to these and related questions, I argue, lies in the entanglement of technoscientific practices in India with Orientalist historiography of the origin of modern science. Such an Orientalist construction forms the basis of the diffusion model and constitutes technologies and societies as black boxes, which, as I show in this article, is strikingly on display in the historical accounts of NMR and MRI machines at even the best institutions and laboratories in India. I thus propose a deconstructive-empirical approach to unravel the enduring implications of Orientalist construction of the origin of modern science.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Amit},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Historiographies, India, Instruments, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Scientific Practice, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {1059--1082},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n How is it possible that past technoscientific research in India does not serve as a sluice for circulations of technoscience even within India? Why do technoscientific artifacts and knowledge continue to flow largely through the West? The answer to these and related questions, I argue, lies in the entanglement of technoscientific practices in India with Orientalist historiography of the origin of modern science. Such an Orientalist construction forms the basis of the diffusion model and constitutes technologies and societies as black boxes, which, as I show in this article, is strikingly on display in the historical accounts of NMR and MRI machines at even the best institutions and laboratories in India. I thus propose a deconstructive-empirical approach to unravel the enduring implications of Orientalist construction of the origin of modern science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Studies in Indian Mathematics and Astronomy: Selected Articles of Kripa Shankar Shukla.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kolachana, A.; Mahesh, K.; and Ramasubramanian, K.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n of Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical SciencesSpringer Singapore, Singapore, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kolachana_studies_2019,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\tseries = {Sources and {Studies} in the {History} of {Mathematics} and {Physical} {Sciences}},\n\ttitle = {Studies in {Indian} {Mathematics} and {Astronomy}: {Selected} {Articles} of {Kripa} {Shankar} {Shukla}},\n\tcopyright = {http://www.springer.com/tdm},\n\tisbn = {9789811373251 9789811373268},\n\tshorttitle = {Studies in {Indian} {Mathematics} and {Astronomy}},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-13-7326-8},\n\tabstract = {Presents a collection of Professor Kripa Shankar\n Shukla’ papers highlighting the wide range of his scholarship. \n\nConsists revised articles of the third unpublished part of “History of Hindu Mathematics” by Bibhutibhusan Datta and Avadhesh Narayan Singh\n\nIncludes some of Professor Shukla’s reviews of works related to Indian mathematics and astronomy authored by various scholars},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Singapore},\n\teditor = {Kolachana, Aditya and Mahesh, K. and Ramasubramanian, K.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-981-13-7326-8},\n\tkeywords = {History of Mathematics, India, Kripa Shankar Shukla, Mathematics, Selected Works},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Presents a collection of Professor Kripa Shankar Shukla’ papers highlighting the wide range of his scholarship. Consists revised articles of the third unpublished part of “History of Hindu Mathematics” by Bibhutibhusan Datta and Avadhesh Narayan Singh Includes some of Professor Shukla’s reviews of works related to Indian mathematics and astronomy authored by various scholars\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Gaṇitānanda: Selected Works of Radha Charan Gupta on History of Mathematics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramasubramanian, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Springer Nature, SIngapore, November 2019.\n Google-Books-ID: AEe9DwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ramasubramanian_ganitananda_2019,\n\taddress = {SIngapore},\n\ttitle = {Gaṇitānanda: {Selected} {Works} of {Radha} {Charan} {Gupta} on {History} of {Mathematics}},\n\tisbn = {9789811312298},\n\tshorttitle = {Gaṇitānanda},\n\tabstract = {This book includes 58 selected articles that highlight the major contributions of Professor Radha Charan Gupta—a doyen of history of mathematics—written on a variety of important topics pertaining to mathematics and astronomy in India. It is divided into ten parts. Part I presents three articles offering an overview of Professor Gupta’s oeuvre. The four articles in Part II convey the importance of studies in the history of mathematics. Parts III–VII constituting 33 articles, feature a number of articles on a variety of topics, such as geometry, trigonometry, algebra, combinatorics and spherical trigonometry, which not only reveal the breadth and depth of Professor Gupta’s work, but also highlight his deep commitment to the promotion of studies in the history of mathematics. The ten articles of part VIII, present interesting bibliographical sketches of a few veteran historians of mathematics and astronomy in India. Part IX examines the dissemination of mathematical knowledge across different civilisations. The last part presents an up-to-date bibliography of Gupta’s work. It also includes a tribute to him in Sanskrit composed in eight verses.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature},\n\tauthor = {Ramasubramanian, K.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: AEe9DwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Astronomy, Collected Works, History of Mathematics, Mathematics, Radha Charan Gupta, Selected Works, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book includes 58 selected articles that highlight the major contributions of Professor Radha Charan Gupta—a doyen of history of mathematics—written on a variety of important topics pertaining to mathematics and astronomy in India. It is divided into ten parts. Part I presents three articles offering an overview of Professor Gupta’s oeuvre. The four articles in Part II convey the importance of studies in the history of mathematics. Parts III–VII constituting 33 articles, feature a number of articles on a variety of topics, such as geometry, trigonometry, algebra, combinatorics and spherical trigonometry, which not only reveal the breadth and depth of Professor Gupta’s work, but also highlight his deep commitment to the promotion of studies in the history of mathematics. The ten articles of part VIII, present interesting bibliographical sketches of a few veteran historians of mathematics and astronomy in India. Part IX examines the dissemination of mathematical knowledge across different civilisations. The last part presents an up-to-date bibliography of Gupta’s work. It also includes a tribute to him in Sanskrit composed in eight verses.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Secularity and Science: What Scientists Around the World Really Think About Religion.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ecklund, E. H.; Johnson, D. R.; Vaidyanathan, B.; Matthews, K. R. W.; Lewis, S. W.; Jr, R. A. T.; and Di, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New York, August 2019.\n Google-Books-ID: cAuXDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ecklund_secularity_2019,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Secularity and {Science}: {What} {Scientists} {Around} the {World} {Really} {Think} {About} {Religion}},\n\tisbn = {9780190926755},\n\tshorttitle = {Secularity and {Science}},\n\tabstract = {Do scientists see conflict between science and faith? Which cultural factors shape the attitudes of scientists toward religion? Can scientists help show us a way to build collaboration between scientific and religious communities, if such collaborations are even possible? To answer these questions and more, the authors of Secularity and Science: What Scientists Around the World Really Think About Religion completed the most comprehensive international study of scientists\\&\\#39; attitudes toward religion ever undertaken, surveying more than 20,000 scientists and conducting in-depth interviews with over 600 of them. From this wealth of data, the authors extract the real story of the relationship between science and religion in the lives of scientists around the world. The book makes four key claims: there are more religious scientists than we might think; religion and science overlap in scientific work; scientists - even atheist scientists - see spirituality in science; and finally, the idea that religion and science must conflict is primarily an invention of the West. Throughout, the book couples nationally representative survey data with captivating stories of individual scientists, whose experiences highlight these important themes in the data. Secularity and Science leaves inaccurate assumptions about science and religion behind, offering a new, more nuanced understanding of how science and religion interact and how they can be integrated for the common good.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Ecklund, Elaine Howard and Johnson, David R. and Vaidyanathan, Brandon and Matthews, Kirstin R. W. and Lewis, Steven W. and Jr, Robert A. Thomson and Di, Di},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: cAuXDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Atheism, India, Rationalism, Religion \\& Science, Secularism},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Do scientists see conflict between science and faith? Which cultural factors shape the attitudes of scientists toward religion? Can scientists help show us a way to build collaboration between scientific and religious communities, if such collaborations are even possible? To answer these questions and more, the authors of Secularity and Science: What Scientists Around the World Really Think About Religion completed the most comprehensive international study of scientists' attitudes toward religion ever undertaken, surveying more than 20,000 scientists and conducting in-depth interviews with over 600 of them. From this wealth of data, the authors extract the real story of the relationship between science and religion in the lives of scientists around the world. The book makes four key claims: there are more religious scientists than we might think; religion and science overlap in scientific work; scientists - even atheist scientists - see spirituality in science; and finally, the idea that religion and science must conflict is primarily an invention of the West. Throughout, the book couples nationally representative survey data with captivating stories of individual scientists, whose experiences highlight these important themes in the data. Secularity and Science leaves inaccurate assumptions about science and religion behind, offering a new, more nuanced understanding of how science and religion interact and how they can be integrated for the common good.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Technological Indian.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bassett, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, August 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bassett_technological_2019,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, MA},\n\ttitle = {The {Technological} {Indian}},\n\tisbn = {9780674245976},\n\tabstract = {In the late 1800s, Indians seemed to be a people left behind by the Industrial Revolution, dismissed as “not a mechanical race.” Today Indians are among the world’s leaders in engineering and technology. In this international history spanning nearly 150 years, Ross Bassett—drawing on a unique database of every Indian to graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology between its founding and 2000—charts their ascent to the pinnacle of high-tech professions.\n\nAs a group of Indians sought a way forward for their country, they saw a future in technology. Bassett examines the tensions and surprising congruences between this technological vision and Mahatma Gandhi’s nonindustrial modernity. India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, sought to use MIT-trained engineers to build an India where the government controlled technology for the benefit of the people. In the private sector, Indian business families sent their sons to MIT, while MIT graduates established India’s information technology industry.\n\nBy the 1960s, students from the Indian Institutes of Technology (modeled on MIT) were drawn to the United States for graduate training, and many of them stayed, as prominent industrialists, academics, and entrepreneurs. The MIT-educated Indian engineer became an integral part of a global system of technology-based capitalism and focused less on India and its problems—a technological Indian created at the expense of a technological India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Harvard University Press},\n\tauthor = {Bassett, Ross},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Cold War, Engineering, Gandhi \\& Science, Gandhian Philosophy of Technology, Higher Education, IITs, India, Institutionalization, Nationalism, Nehru, Jawaharlal, S\\&T System in India, Science Education, Technical education, Technology \\& Society, USA},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the late 1800s, Indians seemed to be a people left behind by the Industrial Revolution, dismissed as “not a mechanical race.” Today Indians are among the world’s leaders in engineering and technology. In this international history spanning nearly 150 years, Ross Bassett—drawing on a unique database of every Indian to graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology between its founding and 2000—charts their ascent to the pinnacle of high-tech professions. As a group of Indians sought a way forward for their country, they saw a future in technology. Bassett examines the tensions and surprising congruences between this technological vision and Mahatma Gandhi’s nonindustrial modernity. India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, sought to use MIT-trained engineers to build an India where the government controlled technology for the benefit of the people. In the private sector, Indian business families sent their sons to MIT, while MIT graduates established India’s information technology industry. By the 1960s, students from the Indian Institutes of Technology (modeled on MIT) were drawn to the United States for graduate training, and many of them stayed, as prominent industrialists, academics, and entrepreneurs. The MIT-educated Indian engineer became an integral part of a global system of technology-based capitalism and focused less on India and its problems—a technological Indian created at the expense of a technological India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Caste of Merit: Engineering Education in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramanian, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{subramanian_caste_2019,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, MA},\n\ttitle = {The {Caste} of {Merit}: {Engineering} {Education} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780674987883},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Caste} of {Merit}},\n\turl = {https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674987883},\n\tabstract = {Just as Americans least disadvantaged by racism are most likely to endorse their country as post‐racial, Indians who have benefited from their upper-caste affiliation rush to declare their country post‐caste. In The Caste of Merit, Ajantha Subramanian challenges this comfortable assumption by illuminating the controversial relationships among technical education, caste formation, and economic stratification in modern India. Through in-depth study of the elite Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs)—widely seen as symbols of national promise—she reveals the continued workings of upper-caste privilege within the most modern institutions.\n\nCaste has not disappeared in India but instead acquired a disturbing invisibility—at least when it comes to the privileged. Only the lower castes invoke their affiliation in the political arena, to claim resources from the state. The upper castes discard such claims as backward, embarrassing, and unfair to those who have earned their position through hard work and talent. Focusing on a long history of debates surrounding access to engineering education, Subramanian argues that such defenses of merit are themselves expressions of caste privilege. The case of the IITs shows how this ideal of meritocracy serves the reproduction of inequality, ensuring that social stratification remains endemic to contemporary democracies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Harvard University Press},\n\tauthor = {Subramanian, Ajantha},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Engineering, Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Higher Education, IITs, India, Institutions, Science Education},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Just as Americans least disadvantaged by racism are most likely to endorse their country as post‐racial, Indians who have benefited from their upper-caste affiliation rush to declare their country post‐caste. In The Caste of Merit, Ajantha Subramanian challenges this comfortable assumption by illuminating the controversial relationships among technical education, caste formation, and economic stratification in modern India. Through in-depth study of the elite Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs)—widely seen as symbols of national promise—she reveals the continued workings of upper-caste privilege within the most modern institutions. Caste has not disappeared in India but instead acquired a disturbing invisibility—at least when it comes to the privileged. Only the lower castes invoke their affiliation in the political arena, to claim resources from the state. The upper castes discard such claims as backward, embarrassing, and unfair to those who have earned their position through hard work and talent. Focusing on a long history of debates surrounding access to engineering education, Subramanian argues that such defenses of merit are themselves expressions of caste privilege. The case of the IITs shows how this ideal of meritocracy serves the reproduction of inequality, ensuring that social stratification remains endemic to contemporary democracies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Paradoxes of Intermediation in Aadhaar: Human Making of a Digital Infrastructure.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chaudhuri, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 42(3): 572–587. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{chaudhuri_paradoxes_2019,\n\ttitle = {Paradoxes of {Intermediation} in {Aadhaar}: {Human} {Making} of a {Digital} {Infrastructure}},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tissn = {0085-6401, 1479-0270},\n\tshorttitle = {Paradoxes of {Intermediation} in {Aadhaar}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00856401.2019.1598671},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00856401.2019.1598671},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies},\n\tauthor = {Chaudhuri, Bidisha},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Aadhaar, Digital STS, Digital citizenship, India},\n\tpages = {572--587},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Global Digital Cultures: Perspectives from South Asia.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Punathambekar, A.; and Mohan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 2019.\n Google-Books-ID: fwuZDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{punathambekar_global_2019,\n\taddress = {Ann Arbor},\n\ttitle = {Global {Digital} {Cultures}: {Perspectives} from {South} {Asia}},\n\tisbn = {9780472131402},\n\tshorttitle = {Global {Digital} {Cultures}},\n\tabstract = {Digital media histories are part of a global network, and South Asia is a key nexus in shaping the trajectory of digital media in the twenty-first century. Digital platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and others are deeply embedded in the daily lives of millions of people around the world, shaping how people engage with others as kin, as citizens, and as consumers. Moving away from Anglo-American and strictly national frameworks, the essays in this book explore the intersections of local, national, regional, and global forces that shape contemporary digital culture(s) in regions like South Asia: the rise of digital and mobile media technologies, the ongoing transformation of established media industries, and emergent forms of digital media practice and use that are reconfiguring sociocultural, political, and economic terrains across the Indian subcontinent. From massive state-driven digital identity projects and YouTube censorship to Tinder and dating culture, from Twitter and primetime television to Facebook and political rumors, Global Digital Cultures focuses on enduring concerns of representation, identity, and power while grappling with algorithmic curation and data-driven processes of production, circulation, and consumption.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Michigan Press},\n\tauthor = {Punathambekar, Aswin and Mohan, Sriram},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: fwuZDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Digital Culture, Digital STS, India, Information \\& Communication Technology, Social Media, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Digital media histories are part of a global network, and South Asia is a key nexus in shaping the trajectory of digital media in the twenty-first century. Digital platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and others are deeply embedded in the daily lives of millions of people around the world, shaping how people engage with others as kin, as citizens, and as consumers. Moving away from Anglo-American and strictly national frameworks, the essays in this book explore the intersections of local, national, regional, and global forces that shape contemporary digital culture(s) in regions like South Asia: the rise of digital and mobile media technologies, the ongoing transformation of established media industries, and emergent forms of digital media practice and use that are reconfiguring sociocultural, political, and economic terrains across the Indian subcontinent. From massive state-driven digital identity projects and YouTube censorship to Tinder and dating culture, from Twitter and primetime television to Facebook and political rumors, Global Digital Cultures focuses on enduring concerns of representation, identity, and power while grappling with algorithmic curation and data-driven processes of production, circulation, and consumption.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Chasing Innovation : Making Entrepreneurial Citizens in Modern India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Irani, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2019.\n ISBN: 9780691175133\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{irani_chasing_2019,\n\taddress = {Princeton},\n\ttitle = {Chasing {Innovation} : {Making} {Entrepreneurial} {Citizens} in {Modern} {India}},\n\turl = {https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691175133/chasing-innovation},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-07},\n\tpublisher = {Princeton University Press},\n\tauthor = {Irani, Lily},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {ISBN: 9780691175133},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of Digital Revolution on the Practice of Science Communication.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Madhu, K. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 2: 1–13. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{madhu_impact_2019,\n\ttitle = {Impact of {Digital} {Revolution} on the {Practice} of {Science} {Communication}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/29},\n\tdoi = {10.29195/DSSS.02.01.0020},\n\tabstract = {The practice of science journalism/ reporting/ communication has changed completely in the last three decades. Though the number of specialised areas of scientific investigations and the number of scientific journals as well as the associated technical terminologies have increased many folds, for a science journalist, the task of reporting and popularising science has become simpler. This is primarily due to easy accessibility to sources, availability of digital resources and tools to deal with the knowledge explosion on the one hand, and mushrooming of digital platforms for communication, on the other. Though these developments had a disruptive impact on scientific publishing and media industries in general, for the individual journalist/ reporter/ communicator, the times have changed for the better; the digital world has empowered the individual content creator by providing better, cheaper, and often free, tools of production. In this paper, I will compare and contrast how a science journalist used to work, in earlier decades and how it is now. I will review the new digital tricks and tools that a science journalist can use today to keep updated about scientific advances, to deal with the complexities of ever-narrowing disciplines, to manage knowledge outside his or her mind, to double check and validate reports, while on tight deadlines. Easing the efforts required has led to an increase in science reporting in India, but at a slower rate than the increase in scientific activity in the country. Moreover, I argue that an increase in the quantity of science reporting alone does not necessarily improve the scientific temper of citizens. That would call for improvement in the quality of reporting involved, making the process of doing science more transparent to the public.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Madhu, K. P.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Digitalisation, Internet, Media and science},\n\tpages = {1--13},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The practice of science journalism/ reporting/ communication has changed completely in the last three decades. Though the number of specialised areas of scientific investigations and the number of scientific journals as well as the associated technical terminologies have increased many folds, for a science journalist, the task of reporting and popularising science has become simpler. This is primarily due to easy accessibility to sources, availability of digital resources and tools to deal with the knowledge explosion on the one hand, and mushrooming of digital platforms for communication, on the other. Though these developments had a disruptive impact on scientific publishing and media industries in general, for the individual journalist/ reporter/ communicator, the times have changed for the better; the digital world has empowered the individual content creator by providing better, cheaper, and often free, tools of production. In this paper, I will compare and contrast how a science journalist used to work, in earlier decades and how it is now. I will review the new digital tricks and tools that a science journalist can use today to keep updated about scientific advances, to deal with the complexities of ever-narrowing disciplines, to manage knowledge outside his or her mind, to double check and validate reports, while on tight deadlines. Easing the efforts required has led to an increase in science reporting in India, but at a slower rate than the increase in scientific activity in the country. Moreover, I argue that an increase in the quantity of science reporting alone does not necessarily improve the scientific temper of citizens. That would call for improvement in the quality of reporting involved, making the process of doing science more transparent to the public.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n For a Place at the ‘High-Table’: The Compelling Case of Indian Women in Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Komath, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 2: 1–29. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{komath_for_2019,\n\ttitle = {For a {Place} at the ‘{High}-{Table}’: {The} {Compelling} {Case} of {Indian} {Women} in {Science}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {For a {Place} at the ‘{High}-{Table}’},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/27},\n\tdoi = {10.29195/DSSS.02.01.0018},\n\tabstract = {Much of the existing literature on women in science in India tends to highlight the ‘absence’ of women, while that is no longer the case. Based on an extensive review of the available evidence, the paper reflects that the number of women in science has been steadily growing, though with significant variations across disciplines. Using Biological Sciences as a reference point, the paper highlights the fact that even when women grow in numbers and begin to knock at the doors of positions in the scientific establishment, they continue to find recalcitrant gatekeepers. Underlying gender frames thus persist and shape the structures of scientific organizations. The paper contends that introducing ‘pro-women’ affirmative policies without working to alter the existing organizational normative and mindscapes could, in fact, be counter-productive.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Komath, Sneha Sudha},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Affirmative Action, Gender, Hiring in Science, Indian Scientific Research Institutions},\n\tpages = {1--29},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Much of the existing literature on women in science in India tends to highlight the ‘absence’ of women, while that is no longer the case. Based on an extensive review of the available evidence, the paper reflects that the number of women in science has been steadily growing, though with significant variations across disciplines. Using Biological Sciences as a reference point, the paper highlights the fact that even when women grow in numbers and begin to knock at the doors of positions in the scientific establishment, they continue to find recalcitrant gatekeepers. Underlying gender frames thus persist and shape the structures of scientific organizations. The paper contends that introducing ‘pro-women’ affirmative policies without working to alter the existing organizational normative and mindscapes could, in fact, be counter-productive.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Framework to Address the Food, Energy and Water Nexus among Indian Megacities and their Rapidly Expanding Peripheries.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bandla, A.; Saxena, G.; Mishra, R.; and Swarup, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 2: 1–8. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{bandla_framework_2019,\n\ttitle = {A {Framework} to {Address} the {Food}, {Energy} and {Water} {Nexus} among {Indian} {Megacities} and their {Rapidly} {Expanding} {Peripheries}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/18},\n\tdoi = {10.29195/DSSS.02.01.0019},\n\tabstract = {India is growing fast, with its fast-expanding cities that are rapidly growing into megacities. This not only puts tremendous pressure on the existing resources of these cities but also poses a grand challenge to the urban planner on how to decongest the flow of resources to the continuously growing population. A major part of this challenge comes from the food, energy and water (FEW) nexus, which in part can be addressed by developing the peri-urban areas to provide the means of such resources. In this article, we have explained a generalized framework to develop the tools for sustainable resource management in the peri-urban areas of the Indian megacities and discussed the tripartite approach to implement it. The first part of the approach is to develop smart environmental surveillance, which will provide the first snapshot of environmental parameters in the region. The second part is to integrate the large datasets with the regional ecosystem characteristics to understand the interactions between the living organisms and the environment. Last in the approach is to extract simplified knowledge from the interactions about the ecosystem and translate them into activities. The outcome of this approach is a peri-urban ecosystem, which will be able to cater to the sustainable means of food and energy in return for the used/ storm water from the cities. Such a framework can be extended to megacities in other developing countries and implemented to first understand the peri-urban ecosystem and then to implement the management tools.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Bandla, Aditya and Saxena, Gourvendu and Mishra, Rajat and Swarup, Sanjay},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {AI, Ecology, Environmental Surveillance, Land-Use, Peri-Urban Agriculture, Resilience Agriculture},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n India is growing fast, with its fast-expanding cities that are rapidly growing into megacities. This not only puts tremendous pressure on the existing resources of these cities but also poses a grand challenge to the urban planner on how to decongest the flow of resources to the continuously growing population. A major part of this challenge comes from the food, energy and water (FEW) nexus, which in part can be addressed by developing the peri-urban areas to provide the means of such resources. In this article, we have explained a generalized framework to develop the tools for sustainable resource management in the peri-urban areas of the Indian megacities and discussed the tripartite approach to implement it. The first part of the approach is to develop smart environmental surveillance, which will provide the first snapshot of environmental parameters in the region. The second part is to integrate the large datasets with the regional ecosystem characteristics to understand the interactions between the living organisms and the environment. Last in the approach is to extract simplified knowledge from the interactions about the ecosystem and translate them into activities. The outcome of this approach is a peri-urban ecosystem, which will be able to cater to the sustainable means of food and energy in return for the used/ storm water from the cities. Such a framework can be extended to megacities in other developing countries and implemented to first understand the peri-urban ecosystem and then to implement the management tools.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fake Science and the Knowledge Crisis: Ignorance can be Fatal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hopf, H.; Krief, A.; Mehta, G.; and Matlin, S. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 2: 1–7. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{hopf_fake_2019,\n\ttitle = {Fake {Science} and the {Knowledge} {Crisis}: {Ignorance} can be {Fatal}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {Fake {Science} and the {Knowledge} {Crisis}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/24},\n\tabstract = {Computers, the Internet and social media enable every individual to be a publisher, communicating true or false information instantly andglobally. In the ‘post-truth’ era,deception iscommonplace at all levels of contemporary life. Fakery affects science and social information and the two have become highly interactive globally, undermining trust in science and the capacity of individuals and society to make evidence-informed choices, including on life-ordeath issues. Ironically, drivers of fake science are embedded in the current science publishing system intended to disseminate evidenced knowledge, in which the intersection of science advancement and reputational and financial rewards for scientists and publishers incentivize gaming and, in the extreme, creation and promotion of falsified results. In the battle for truth, individual scientists, professional associations, academic institutions and funding bodies must act to put their own house in order by promoting ethics and integrity and de-incentivizing the production and publishing of false data and results. They must speak out against false information and fake science in circulation and forcefully contradict public figures who promote it. They must contribute to research that helps understand and counter false information, to education that builds knowledge and skills in assessing informationandtostrengtheningscience literacyinsociety},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Hopf, Henning and Krief, Alain and Mehta, Goverdhan and Matlin, Stephen A.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Internet, Knowledge Crisis, Post-truth, Trust In Science},\n\tpages = {1--7},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Computers, the Internet and social media enable every individual to be a publisher, communicating true or false information instantly andglobally. In the ‘post-truth’ era,deception iscommonplace at all levels of contemporary life. Fakery affects science and social information and the two have become highly interactive globally, undermining trust in science and the capacity of individuals and society to make evidence-informed choices, including on life-ordeath issues. Ironically, drivers of fake science are embedded in the current science publishing system intended to disseminate evidenced knowledge, in which the intersection of science advancement and reputational and financial rewards for scientists and publishers incentivize gaming and, in the extreme, creation and promotion of falsified results. In the battle for truth, individual scientists, professional associations, academic institutions and funding bodies must act to put their own house in order by promoting ethics and integrity and de-incentivizing the production and publishing of false data and results. They must speak out against false information and fake science in circulation and forcefully contradict public figures who promote it. They must contribute to research that helps understand and counter false information, to education that builds knowledge and skills in assessing informationandtostrengtheningscience literacyinsociety\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Knowledge Systems Debate in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Surendra, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 2: 1–15. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{surendra_knowledge_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Knowledge} {Systems} {Debate} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/32},\n\tabstract = {This is the first part of a two-part review of the book titled (Vol. 1 and Vol. 2) edited by Kapil Kapoor and Avadesh Kumar Singh, published by the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla. The review essays are an attempt to initiate a wider critical debate around the discourses, on Indian knowledge systems, especially among the scientific community in India. The essays are relevant and much needed today when questions are being raised about science and the claims made against the Indian knowledge systems by non-scientists, politicians and policymakers. The first part published here, looks at the different contributions contained in the two volumes that seek to expound on Indian knowledge systems, and also raise some preliminary critical questions, on the subjects covered under the rubric of Indian knowledge systems. The second part of the review essay would go deeper into the area of scholarship that is constructed around the term ‘knowledge systems’ and wider debates around it. The second part will also critically examine the domain that is being referred to as ‘Indian knowledge systems’ by attempting a more in-depth critique of the some of the papers in the two volumes being reviewed and their claims to be part of Indian knowledge systems.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Surendra, Lawrence},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Indian Knowledge Systems, Paradigms, Philosophy and Science},\n\tpages = {1--15},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This is the first part of a two-part review of the book titled (Vol. 1 and Vol. 2) edited by Kapil Kapoor and Avadesh Kumar Singh, published by the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla. The review essays are an attempt to initiate a wider critical debate around the discourses, on Indian knowledge systems, especially among the scientific community in India. The essays are relevant and much needed today when questions are being raised about science and the claims made against the Indian knowledge systems by non-scientists, politicians and policymakers. The first part published here, looks at the different contributions contained in the two volumes that seek to expound on Indian knowledge systems, and also raise some preliminary critical questions, on the subjects covered under the rubric of Indian knowledge systems. The second part of the review essay would go deeper into the area of scholarship that is constructed around the term ‘knowledge systems’ and wider debates around it. The second part will also critically examine the domain that is being referred to as ‘Indian knowledge systems’ by attempting a more in-depth critique of the some of the papers in the two volumes being reviewed and their claims to be part of Indian knowledge systems.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Religious Ritual in a Scientific Space: Festival Participation and the Integration of Outsiders.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Geraci, R. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 44(6): 965–993. November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{geraci_religious_2019,\n\ttitle = {Religious {Ritual} in a {Scientific} {Space}: {Festival} {Participation} and the {Integration} of {Outsiders}},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Religious {Ritual} in a {Scientific} {Space}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243918820428},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0162243918820428},\n\tabstract = {An ethnographic approach to the South Indian festival Ayudha Puja reveals that the celebration plays a role in the construction of scientific communities. Ayudha Puja has the ability to absorb westerners, non-Hindus, and non-Brahmins into Indian science and engineering communities and is thus widely practiced in South Indian industry and academia. The practice of Ayudha Puja thus parallels what M. N. Srinivas labels “Sanskritization.” Within India, the process of Sanskritization refers to the adoption of high-caste habits and diet by upwardly mobile lower-caste communities. While not actually an example of Sanskritization, participation in Ayudha Puja is analogous to that process: by joining a Hindu rite within the scientific and professional workspace, outsiders become part of local laboratory, department, or office culture. Such practices reveal the need for scholars to investigate scientific community building outside the domain of how scientists reveal new facts about the world.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Geraci, Robert M.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Ethnography, India, South India},\n\tpages = {965--993},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n An ethnographic approach to the South Indian festival Ayudha Puja reveals that the celebration plays a role in the construction of scientific communities. Ayudha Puja has the ability to absorb westerners, non-Hindus, and non-Brahmins into Indian science and engineering communities and is thus widely practiced in South Indian industry and academia. The practice of Ayudha Puja thus parallels what M. N. Srinivas labels “Sanskritization.” Within India, the process of Sanskritization refers to the adoption of high-caste habits and diet by upwardly mobile lower-caste communities. While not actually an example of Sanskritization, participation in Ayudha Puja is analogous to that process: by joining a Hindu rite within the scientific and professional workspace, outsiders become part of local laboratory, department, or office culture. Such practices reveal the need for scholars to investigate scientific community building outside the domain of how scientists reveal new facts about the world.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Outsourcing Regulatory Decision-making: “International” Epistemic Communities, Transnational Firms, and Pesticide Residue Standards in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Quark, A. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 44(1): 3–28. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{quark_outsourcing_2019,\n\ttitle = {Outsourcing {Regulatory} {Decision}-making: “{International}” {Epistemic} {Communities}, {Transnational} {Firms}, and {Pesticide} {Residue} {Standards} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Outsourcing {Regulatory} {Decision}-making},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243918779123},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0162243918779123},\n\tabstract = {How do “international” epistemic communities shape regulatory contests between transnational firms and civil society organizations in the Global South? With the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), member states committed to basing trade-restrictive national regulations on science-based “international” standards set by “international” standard-setting bodies. Yet we know little about how the WTO regime has shaped the operation of epistemic communities within standard-setting bodies and, in turn, how standard-setting bodies articulate with national policy-making processes in the Global South. Building on work in the new political sociology of science, I argue that neoliberal globalization and the establishment of the WTO have created incentives for Western epistemic communities to at once cast themselves as “international” under the WTO regime and orient their scientific agendas toward the priorities of transnational firms. Moreover, this transformation of epistemic communities has created opportunities for transnational firms facing contentious policy environments in the Global South to effectively outsource regulatory decision-making to “international” epistemic communities that can claim legal status under the WTO regime. Empirically, I focus on the case of one Western epistemic community—the Association of Analytical Communities International—and its claim to epistemic jurisdiction over pesticide residue standards for soft drinks in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Quark, Amy Adams},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {India, Pesticide, Regulatory Science, Science Governance},\n\tpages = {3--28},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n How do “international” epistemic communities shape regulatory contests between transnational firms and civil society organizations in the Global South? With the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), member states committed to basing trade-restrictive national regulations on science-based “international” standards set by “international” standard-setting bodies. Yet we know little about how the WTO regime has shaped the operation of epistemic communities within standard-setting bodies and, in turn, how standard-setting bodies articulate with national policy-making processes in the Global South. Building on work in the new political sociology of science, I argue that neoliberal globalization and the establishment of the WTO have created incentives for Western epistemic communities to at once cast themselves as “international” under the WTO regime and orient their scientific agendas toward the priorities of transnational firms. Moreover, this transformation of epistemic communities has created opportunities for transnational firms facing contentious policy environments in the Global South to effectively outsource regulatory decision-making to “international” epistemic communities that can claim legal status under the WTO regime. Empirically, I focus on the case of one Western epistemic community—the Association of Analytical Communities International—and its claim to epistemic jurisdiction over pesticide residue standards for soft drinks in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Akarnan: The Stethoscope and Making of Modern Ayurveda, Bengal, c. 1894–1952.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 60(4): 953–978. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_akarnan_2019,\n\ttitle = {Akarnan: {The} {Stethoscope} and {Making} of {Modern} {Ayurveda}, {Bengal}, c. 1894–1952},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tissn = {1097-3729},\n\tshorttitle = {Akarnan},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/741379},\n\tabstract = {The histories of modern medical technologies have largely been studied exclusively within the biomedical context. Yet historians of medicine have increasingly demonstrated that a number of non-biomedical therapeutic traditions—Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine to name only two—have attained their own distinctive modernity. How has the incorporation of various medical technologies affected these neo-traditional medicines? What is the relationship between technologies and the body knowledge in non-biomedical therapeutics? Do shared technologies such as the stethoscope reveal the same bodily facts in biomedical and Ayurvedic contexts? These are some of the questions explored in this article by focusing on the uptake of the stethoscope in modern Ayurvedic medicine in Bengal. In the process the article also describes the emergence of a new sonic body in modern Ayurveda.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Bengal, History of Medical Technology, History of Medicine, India},\n\tpages = {953--978},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The histories of modern medical technologies have largely been studied exclusively within the biomedical context. Yet historians of medicine have increasingly demonstrated that a number of non-biomedical therapeutic traditions—Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine to name only two—have attained their own distinctive modernity. How has the incorporation of various medical technologies affected these neo-traditional medicines? What is the relationship between technologies and the body knowledge in non-biomedical therapeutics? Do shared technologies such as the stethoscope reveal the same bodily facts in biomedical and Ayurvedic contexts? These are some of the questions explored in this article by focusing on the uptake of the stethoscope in modern Ayurvedic medicine in Bengal. In the process the article also describes the emergence of a new sonic body in modern Ayurveda.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Animal Intimacies: Beastly Love in the Himalayas.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Govindrajan, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Penguin Random House India Private Limited, Chicago and London, February 2019.\n Google-Books-ID: P8aGDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{govindrajan_animal_2019,\n\taddress = {Chicago and London},\n\ttitle = {Animal {Intimacies}: {Beastly} {Love} in the {Himalayas}},\n\tisbn = {9789353054779},\n\tshorttitle = {Animal {Intimacies}},\n\tabstract = {What do we really know of the intimate-and intense-moments of care, kinship, violence, politics, indifference and desire that occur between human and non-human animals? Built on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in the mountain villages of India's Central Himalayas, Radhika Govindrajan's book explores the number of ways that human and animal interact to cultivate relationships as interconnected, related beings. Whether it is through the study of the affect and ethics of ritual animal sacrifice, analysis of the right-wing political project of cow protection, or examination of villagers' talk about bears who abduct women and have sex with them, Govindrajan illustrates that multispecies relatedness relies on both difference and ineffable affinity between animals.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Penguin Random House India Private Limited},\n\tauthor = {Govindrajan, Radhika},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: P8aGDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Central Himalayas, India, Multispecies Ethnography, Uttarakhand},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n What do we really know of the intimate-and intense-moments of care, kinship, violence, politics, indifference and desire that occur between human and non-human animals? Built on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in the mountain villages of India's Central Himalayas, Radhika Govindrajan's book explores the number of ways that human and animal interact to cultivate relationships as interconnected, related beings. Whether it is through the study of the affect and ethics of ritual animal sacrifice, analysis of the right-wing political project of cow protection, or examination of villagers' talk about bears who abduct women and have sex with them, Govindrajan illustrates that multispecies relatedness relies on both difference and ineffable affinity between animals.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Finding a Critical Voice.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raveendran, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Bazzul, J.; and Siry, C., editor(s), Critical Voices in Science Education Research: Narratives of Hope and Struggle, pages 27–36. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{raveendran_finding_2019,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Finding a {Critical} {Voice}},\n\tisbn = {9783319999906},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99990-6_4},\n\tabstract = {In this chapter I attempt to narrate my experiences of my journey into the exciting and nebulous new terrain of critical science education in India, starting out as an “insider” conducting research within the field of biological sciences. I will focus on specific personal and educational experiences that have motivated me to make the shift, on the challenges that I encountered as a “science educator critical of science,” and on my engagement with the difficult questions that seek the “implications” of my PhD work in a climate that is politically reactionary.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tbooktitle = {Critical {Voices} in {Science} {Education} {Research}: {Narratives} of {Hope} and {Struggle}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Raveendran, Aswathy},\n\teditor = {Bazzul, Jesse and Siry, Christina},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-319-99990-6_4},\n\tkeywords = {Social justice, Values},\n\tpages = {27--36},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this chapter I attempt to narrate my experiences of my journey into the exciting and nebulous new terrain of critical science education in India, starting out as an “insider” conducting research within the field of biological sciences. I will focus on specific personal and educational experiences that have motivated me to make the shift, on the challenges that I encountered as a “science educator critical of science,” and on my engagement with the difficult questions that seek the “implications” of my PhD work in a climate that is politically reactionary.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rain Enhancement Technology: Making Sense of the “Cloud Seeding” Program in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dash, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 39(3-4): 33–42. October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dash_rain_2019,\n\ttitle = {Rain {Enhancement} {Technology}: {Making} {Sense} of the “{Cloud} {Seeding}” {Program} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tissn = {0270-4676, 1552-4183},\n\tshorttitle = {Rain {Enhancement} {Technology}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0270467620963708},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0270467620963708},\n\tabstract = {This article examines cloud seeding technology from a social perspective, with a focus on its evolution in India over the past six decades. It argues that the technology has developed in two intertwined trajectories: as a research experiment and as an operational service. The research dimension has evolved in conjunction with international development, while the operational projects are supported and sustained by the state for their appeal as drought relief. In the absence of a national policy, ambiguities over the efficacy of cloud seeding technology have remained obscured from public debate. It has brought forth a situation where the concerned agencies admit that there is no clarity as yet on effectiveness of the particular technology, and at the same time various state governments execute large cloud seeding projects using taxpayer’s money. It points toward the political dimension of the technology and calls for a review of program assessment framework and inclusion of public participation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Dash, Biswanath},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {India, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {33--42},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article examines cloud seeding technology from a social perspective, with a focus on its evolution in India over the past six decades. It argues that the technology has developed in two intertwined trajectories: as a research experiment and as an operational service. The research dimension has evolved in conjunction with international development, while the operational projects are supported and sustained by the state for their appeal as drought relief. In the absence of a national policy, ambiguities over the efficacy of cloud seeding technology have remained obscured from public debate. It has brought forth a situation where the concerned agencies admit that there is no clarity as yet on effectiveness of the particular technology, and at the same time various state governments execute large cloud seeding projects using taxpayer’s money. It points toward the political dimension of the technology and calls for a review of program assessment framework and inclusion of public participation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Epistemology–Ontology Relations in Social Research: A Review.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ejnavarzala, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociological Bulletin, 68(1): 94–104. April 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{ejnavarzala_epistemologyontology_2019,\n\ttitle = {Epistemology–{Ontology} {Relations} in {Social} {Research}: {A} {Review}},\n\tvolume = {68},\n\tissn = {0038-0229, 2457-0257},\n\tshorttitle = {Epistemology–{Ontology} {Relations} in {Social} {Research}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022918819369},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0038022918819369},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Sociological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Ejnavarzala, Haribabu},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {94--104},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hematologies: The Political Life of Blood in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Copeman, J.; and Banerjee, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{copeman_hematologies_2019,\n\taddress = {Ithaca and London},\n\ttitle = {Hematologies: {The} {Political} {Life} of {Blood} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781501745102 9781501761683 9781501745096 9781501745119},\n\tshorttitle = {Hematologies},\n\turl = {https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/62175},\n\tabstract = {In this ground-breaking account of the political economy and cultural meaning of blood in contemporary India, Jacob Copeman and Dwaipayan Banerjee examine how the giving and receiving of blood has shaped social and political life. Hematologies traces how the substance congeals political ideologies, biomedical rationalities, and activist practices. Using examples from anti-colonial appeals to blood sacrifice as a political philosophy to contemporary portraits of political leaders drawn with blood, from the use of the substance by Bhopali children as a material of activism to biomedical anxieties and aporias about the excess and lack of donation, Hematologies broaches how political life in India has been shaped through the use of blood and through contestations about blood. As such, the authors offer new entryways into thinking about politics and economy through a "bloodscape of difference": different sovereignties; different proportionalities; and different temporalities. These entryways allow the authors to explore the relation between blood's utopic flows and political clottings as it moves through time and space, conjuring new kinds of social collectivities while reanimating older forms, and always in a reflexive relation to norms that guide its proper flow.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Copeman, Jacob and Banerjee, Dwaipayan},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.7298/h2js-2t17},\n\tkeywords = {Medical Sociology, Religious Nationalism},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this ground-breaking account of the political economy and cultural meaning of blood in contemporary India, Jacob Copeman and Dwaipayan Banerjee examine how the giving and receiving of blood has shaped social and political life. Hematologies traces how the substance congeals political ideologies, biomedical rationalities, and activist practices. Using examples from anti-colonial appeals to blood sacrifice as a political philosophy to contemporary portraits of political leaders drawn with blood, from the use of the substance by Bhopali children as a material of activism to biomedical anxieties and aporias about the excess and lack of donation, Hematologies broaches how political life in India has been shaped through the use of blood and through contestations about blood. As such, the authors offer new entryways into thinking about politics and economy through a \"bloodscape of difference\": different sovereignties; different proportionalities; and different temporalities. These entryways allow the authors to explore the relation between blood's utopic flows and political clottings as it moves through time and space, conjuring new kinds of social collectivities while reanimating older forms, and always in a reflexive relation to norms that guide its proper flow.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Technology Assessment in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pandey, P.; Desai, P. N; and Chaturvedi, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Constructing a Global Technology Assessment: Insights from Australia, China, Europe, Germany, India and Russia. KIT Scientific Publication, Karlsruhe, 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{pandey_technology_2019,\n\taddress = {Karlsruhe},\n\ttitle = {Technology {Assessment} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {A discussion on India, anywhere, often starts with the acknowledgment that it is the largest democracy (in terms of population) in the world with a rich diversity of cultures, knowledge, and values. A critical extension of that disrcussion would also entail that India is a country of contrasts with huge inerquality (Narsimha 2008). On one side, many people from Indian origin are making to the world͛s richest peoples͛ list, on the other side, there are milrlions of people living in acute poverty. India is the 7th largest country in the world in terms of area. As per the recent estimate, India has a population of over 1.35 billion, making it the second most populous country after China and the largest democracy of the world. The country has a quasirfederal system of government with parliament as the highest decisionrmaking body. Since 2001, India has remained one of the fastest growing economies in the world with 9\\% GDP growth, punctuated by fluctuations and even reaching a record high of 10\\% in 2010. The country is also successful in reducing poverty from 70\\% in the year 1947 to 22\\% people living below poverty line in 2012. There are, nonetheless, regional variation and also misallocation of welfare funding to various states and poverty is still high considering the absolute numbers (GOI 2017). Thus, there have been increasing inequalities in income distriburtion as reflected in Gini coefficient of 32.5 in 1999 to 35.2 during 2010r15 (UNDP 2016) and jobless growth as a major concern in the organized sector.},\n\tbooktitle = {Constructing a {Global} {Technology} {Assessment}: {Insights} from {Australia}, {China}, {Europe}, {Germany}, {India} and {Russia}},\n\tpublisher = {KIT Scientific Publication},\n\tauthor = {Pandey, Poonam and Desai, Pranav N and Chaturvedi, Sachin},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {India, Technology Assessment},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A discussion on India, anywhere, often starts with the acknowledgment that it is the largest democracy (in terms of population) in the world with a rich diversity of cultures, knowledge, and values. A critical extension of that disrcussion would also entail that India is a country of contrasts with huge inerquality (Narsimha 2008). On one side, many people from Indian origin are making to the world͛s richest peoples͛ list, on the other side, there are milrlions of people living in acute poverty. India is the 7th largest country in the world in terms of area. As per the recent estimate, India has a population of over 1.35 billion, making it the second most populous country after China and the largest democracy of the world. The country has a quasirfederal system of government with parliament as the highest decisionrmaking body. Since 2001, India has remained one of the fastest growing economies in the world with 9% GDP growth, punctuated by fluctuations and even reaching a record high of 10% in 2010. The country is also successful in reducing poverty from 70% in the year 1947 to 22% people living below poverty line in 2012. There are, nonetheless, regional variation and also misallocation of welfare funding to various states and poverty is still high considering the absolute numbers (GOI 2017). Thus, there have been increasing inequalities in income distriburtion as reflected in Gini coefficient of 32.5 in 1999 to 35.2 during 2010r15 (UNDP 2016) and jobless growth as a major concern in the organized sector.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From ‘Women in Science’ to ‘Gendering of Knowledge’: A Review Essay on Feminist Studies of Science in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Change, 49(4): 713–719. December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{varughese_women_2019,\n\ttitle = {From ‘{Women} in {Science}’ to ‘{Gendering} of {Knowledge}’: {A} {Review} {Essay} on {Feminist} {Studies} of {Science} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tissn = {0049-0857, 0976-3538},\n\tshorttitle = {From ‘{Women} in {Science}’ to ‘{Gendering} of {Knowledge}’},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0049085719876735},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0049085719876735},\n\tabstract = {A review essay on the evolution of Feminist Studies of Science in India},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Social Change},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Feminist STS, Gender, History of STS, India, Women in science},\n\tpages = {713--719},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A review essay on the evolution of Feminist Studies of Science in India\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holy Science: The Biopolitics of Hindu Nationalism.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramaniam, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Washington Press, 2019.\n Google-Books-ID: kLyLvQEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{subramaniam_holy_2019,\n\ttitle = {Holy {Science}: {The} {Biopolitics} of {Hindu} {Nationalism}},\n\tisbn = {9780295745589},\n\tshorttitle = {Holy {Science}},\n\tabstract = {"Subramaniam examines how science and religion have come together to propel a vision of the modern Indian nation, and in particular, a Hindu nationalist vision of India. Five illustrative cases of bionationalism animate this book: Hindu nationalist narratives of scientific development, colonial law and sexual politics in India, surrogacy and women's roles, the politics of caste and race in the language of genes and genomics, and the alignment of environmental scientists and religious activists. Subramaniam demonstrates that the politics of gender, race, class, caste, sexuality, and indigeneity are deeply implicated in the projects and narratives of the nation. At the same time, she seeks spaces of possibility and new narratives for planetary salvation that defy binary logics, incorporating science and religion, human and nonhuman, and nature and culture"--},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Washington Press},\n\tauthor = {Subramaniam, Banu},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: kLyLvQEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"Subramaniam examines how science and religion have come together to propel a vision of the modern Indian nation, and in particular, a Hindu nationalist vision of India. Five illustrative cases of bionationalism animate this book: Hindu nationalist narratives of scientific development, colonial law and sexual politics in India, surrogacy and women's roles, the politics of caste and race in the language of genes and genomics, and the alignment of environmental scientists and religious activists. Subramaniam demonstrates that the politics of gender, race, class, caste, sexuality, and indigeneity are deeply implicated in the projects and narratives of the nation. At the same time, she seeks spaces of possibility and new narratives for planetary salvation that defy binary logics, incorporating science and religion, human and nonhuman, and nature and culture\"–\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Technology Vision 2035: Visions, Technologies, Democracy and the Citizen in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sekhsaria, P.; and Thayyil, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 54(34): 64–69. August 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{sekhsaria_technology_2019,\n\ttitle = {Technology {Vision} 2035:\nVisions, {Technologies}, {Democracy} and the {Citizen} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\turl = {https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=6oSkcE4AAAAJ&citation_for_view=6oSkcE4AAAAJ:ufrVoPGSRksC},\n\tnumber = {34},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Sekhsaria, Pankaj and Thayyil, Naveen},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {S\\&T Policy, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {64--69},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 2018\n \n \n (47)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Premodern Yoga Traditions and Ayurveda: Preliminary Remarks on Shared Terminology, Theory and Praxis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Birch, J. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History of Science in South Asia, 6: 1–83. April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{birch_premodern_2018,\n\ttitle = {Premodern {Yoga} {Traditions} and {Ayurveda}: {Preliminary} {Remarks} on {Shared} {Terminology}, {Theory} and {Praxis}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2018 Jason Eric Birch},\n\tissn = {2369-775X},\n\tshorttitle = {Premodern {Yoga} {Traditions} and {Ayurveda}},\n\turl = {https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/hssa/index.php/hssa/article/view/25},\n\tdoi = {10.18732/hssa.v6i0.25},\n\tabstract = {The research for this article was prompted by the question: were Yoga and Āyurveda as intimately connected in premodern times as they to seem today? It attempts to give a preliminary answer by assessing the influence of Āyurveda on a corpus of mediaeval Yoga texts, in terms of shared terminology, theory and praxis.\\ The date of this corpus ranges from the eleventh to the nineteenth century CE, and all of its texts teach physical techniques and an ascetic state of dormant meditative absorption (samādhi), either as auxiliaries within a system of Yoga or as autonomous systems in themselves. The physical techniques became known as Haṭhayoga and the ascetic state of samādhi as Rājayoga, and the texts in which they appear posit the practice (abhyāsa) of Yoga as the chief means to liberation (mokṣa). The article begins with a discussion of the terminology in these texts that is also found in the\\ Bṛhattrayī, that is,\\ the Carakasaṃhitā, the Suśrutasaṃhitā and Vāgbhaṭa’s Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā.\\ It proceeds to discuss the relevant theory (digestive fire, humoral theory, vital points, herbs) and praxis (āsana, ṣaṭkarma and therapy or cikitsā) of the yoga texts in question in order to assess the possible influence of Āyurveda.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-11},\n\tjournal = {History of Science in South Asia},\n\tauthor = {Birch, Jason Eric},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Ayurveda, History of Medicine, India, Sanskrit Texts, Yoga},\n\tpages = {1--83},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The research for this article was prompted by the question: were Yoga and Āyurveda as intimately connected in premodern times as they to seem today? It attempts to give a preliminary answer by assessing the influence of Āyurveda on a corpus of mediaeval Yoga texts, in terms of shared terminology, theory and praxis. The date of this corpus ranges from the eleventh to the nineteenth century CE, and all of its texts teach physical techniques and an ascetic state of dormant meditative absorption (samādhi), either as auxiliaries within a system of Yoga or as autonomous systems in themselves. The physical techniques became known as Haṭhayoga and the ascetic state of samādhi as Rājayoga, and the texts in which they appear posit the practice (abhyāsa) of Yoga as the chief means to liberation (mokṣa). The article begins with a discussion of the terminology in these texts that is also found in the Bṛhattrayī, that is, the Carakasaṃhitā, the Suśrutasaṃhitā and Vāgbhaṭa’s Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā. It proceeds to discuss the relevant theory (digestive fire, humoral theory, vital points, herbs) and praxis (āsana, ṣaṭkarma and therapy or cikitsā) of the yoga texts in question in order to assess the possible influence of Āyurveda.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n From the Linear Model to Incremental Innovation Research and Industry in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 53(18): 43–52. May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyabji_linear_2018,\n\ttitle = {From the {Linear} {Model} to {Incremental} {Innovation}\nResearch and {Industry} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tabstract = {In the course of the first 45 years of India’s\npost-independence development, the focus of research activity was changed from research into methods of raw material survey and extraction, oblivious of any industrial imperative, to research into the process of material production, aimed at inducing technological awareness within industry. This change in focus was accompanied by policy hesitation, and faced reverses.\nThe result was a diversified industrial base together with considerable, albeit highly uneven, levels of\ntechnological competence. The subsequent 25-year\nperiod is characterised by a reliance on the market\nmechanism as the channel directing research activity\nand industrial energy. Market fundamentalism is\ndismissive of the necessity of creative thought on the\ncontemporary dialectics of the science and industry\nrelationship. This, let alone providing the basis for further advance, has led to the degradation of achieved\ncapabilities in comprehension of the changing dynamics of this relationship.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {18},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Industrialisation, Innovation Ecosystem, Innovation Policy, Innovation Studies, Post-Independence India, R\\&D Policy},\n\tpages = {43--52},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the course of the first 45 years of India’s post-independence development, the focus of research activity was changed from research into methods of raw material survey and extraction, oblivious of any industrial imperative, to research into the process of material production, aimed at inducing technological awareness within industry. This change in focus was accompanied by policy hesitation, and faced reverses. The result was a diversified industrial base together with considerable, albeit highly uneven, levels of technological competence. The subsequent 25-year period is characterised by a reliance on the market mechanism as the channel directing research activity and industrial energy. Market fundamentalism is dismissive of the necessity of creative thought on the contemporary dialectics of the science and industry relationship. This, let alone providing the basis for further advance, has led to the degradation of achieved capabilities in comprehension of the changing dynamics of this relationship.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Empire and Post-Empire Telecommunications in India: A History.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thomas, P. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{thomas_empire_2018,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Empire and {Post}-{Empire} {Telecommunications} in {India}: {A} {History}},\n\tisbn = {9780199097111},\n\tshorttitle = {Empire and {Post}-{Empire} {Telecommunications} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {Telecommunications was vital to the imperial project and connecting India—the jewel in the British crown—was a key priority. However, intercolonial rivalries outside and within India as well as contestations between private and public ownership of telecommunications made that task difficult. The author explores these differences and ties the history of telegraph, cable, and wireless in British India to the evolving story of telecommunications in post-Independence India. This book examines the role of the telegraph, oceanic cables, and the wireless in the context of the political economy and compulsions of Empire to control global flows of communications. It argues that history is absolutely critical to understanding the present, and the imprint of the past continues to shape the Indian state’s engagements with telecommunications. This volume undertakes the project of bridging the gap between past and present, and highlighting a narrative of time- and space-specific innovation and growth tempered by political circumstances, geopolitical developments, and economic compulsions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Thomas, Pradip Ninan},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonial India, Post-Independence India, Telecommunication, Telegraph},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Telecommunications was vital to the imperial project and connecting India—the jewel in the British crown—was a key priority. However, intercolonial rivalries outside and within India as well as contestations between private and public ownership of telecommunications made that task difficult. The author explores these differences and ties the history of telegraph, cable, and wireless in British India to the evolving story of telecommunications in post-Independence India. This book examines the role of the telegraph, oceanic cables, and the wireless in the context of the political economy and compulsions of Empire to control global flows of communications. It argues that history is absolutely critical to understanding the present, and the imprint of the past continues to shape the Indian state’s engagements with telecommunications. This volume undertakes the project of bridging the gap between past and present, and highlighting a narrative of time- and space-specific innovation and growth tempered by political circumstances, geopolitical developments, and economic compulsions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gender, Medicine, and Society in Colonial India: Women’s Health Care in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Bengal, written by Sujata Mukherjee.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Medicine, 13(1-2): 369–371. September 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_gender_2018,\n\ttitle = {Gender, {Medicine}, and {Society} in {Colonial} {India}: {Women}’s {Health} {Care} in {Nineteenth}- and {Early} {Twentieth}-{Century} {Bengal}, written by {Sujata} {Mukherjee}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1573-420X, 1573-4218},\n\tshorttitle = {Gender, {Medicine}, and {Society} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/view/journals/asme/13/1-2/article-p369_23.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1163/15734218-12341427},\n\tabstract = {Since the early 1990s, the works of David Arnold, Waltraud Ernst, Mark Harrison, Ishita Pande, Kabita Ray, and Arabinda Samanta, among many others, have examined the histories of public health in British India in general and in Bengal in particular. Sujata Mukherjee’s new book is yet another testament to the continued interest in this history. Thematically, this is a book “situated at the convergence of medicine and gender in a colonial setting”(xi). Methodologically too the book is situated at the confluence of two approaches, viz.,“women in medicine” and “gender and medicine.” Mukherjee describes the former approach as one that “tries to focus on medical policy and practice,” while the latter is one that explores “how new discursive domains of medical knowledge helped formulate certain stereotypes based on the spread of gynecological knowledge through the growth of different institutions},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {Asian Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Gender, Gynecology, History, History of Medicine},\n\tpages = {369--371},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Since the early 1990s, the works of David Arnold, Waltraud Ernst, Mark Harrison, Ishita Pande, Kabita Ray, and Arabinda Samanta, among many others, have examined the histories of public health in British India in general and in Bengal in particular. Sujata Mukherjee’s new book is yet another testament to the continued interest in this history. Thematically, this is a book “situated at the convergence of medicine and gender in a colonial setting”(xi). Methodologically too the book is situated at the confluence of two approaches, viz.,“women in medicine” and “gender and medicine.” Mukherjee describes the former approach as one that “tries to focus on medical policy and practice,” while the latter is one that explores “how new discursive domains of medical knowledge helped formulate certain stereotypes based on the spread of gynecological knowledge through the growth of different institutions\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n History and Theory of Knowledge Production: An Introductory Outline.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gurukkal, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, October 2018.\n Google-Books-ID: uMLADwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{gurukkal_history_2018,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {History and {Theory} of {Knowledge} {Production}: {An} {Introductory} {Outline}},\n\tisbn = {9780199095803},\n\tshorttitle = {History and {Theory} of {Knowledge} {Production}},\n\tabstract = {Who decides what should be recognized as knowledge? What forces engender knowledge? How do certain forms of it acquire precedence over the rest, and why? Exploring these fundamental questions, this book provides an introductory outline of the vast history of knowledge systems under the broad categories of European and non-European, specifically Indian. It not only traces ontology and epistemology in spatio-temporal terms, but also contextualizes methodological development by comparing Indian and European systems of knowledge and their methods of production as well as techniques ensuring reliability. Knowledge cannot have a history of its own, independent of social history. Therefore, using a vast array of sources, including Greek, Prakrit, Chinese, and Arab texts, the book situates the history of knowledge production within the matrix of multiple socio-economic and politico-cultural systems. Further, the volume also analyses the process of the rise of science and new science and reviews speculative thoughts about the dynamics of the subatomic micro-universe as well as the mechanics of the galactic macro-universe.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Gurukkal, Rajan},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: uMLADwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Circulation of Knowledge, India, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Who decides what should be recognized as knowledge? What forces engender knowledge? How do certain forms of it acquire precedence over the rest, and why? Exploring these fundamental questions, this book provides an introductory outline of the vast history of knowledge systems under the broad categories of European and non-European, specifically Indian. It not only traces ontology and epistemology in spatio-temporal terms, but also contextualizes methodological development by comparing Indian and European systems of knowledge and their methods of production as well as techniques ensuring reliability. Knowledge cannot have a history of its own, independent of social history. Therefore, using a vast array of sources, including Greek, Prakrit, Chinese, and Arab texts, the book situates the history of knowledge production within the matrix of multiple socio-economic and politico-cultural systems. Further, the volume also analyses the process of the rise of science and new science and reviews speculative thoughts about the dynamics of the subatomic micro-universe as well as the mechanics of the galactic macro-universe.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Politics of Ignoring: Stories of Asari Interventions in Colonial Practices in Malabar.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sunandan, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Review of Development and Change, 23(2): 139–161. December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sunandan_politics_2018,\n\ttitle = {Politics of {Ignoring}: {Stories} of {Asari} {Interventions} in {Colonial} {Practices} in {Malabar}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {0972-2661, 2632-055X},\n\tshorttitle = {Politics of {Ignoring}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0972266120180207},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0972266120180207},\n\tabstract = {This article explores Asari (carpenter caste in Keralam) interventions in colonial appropriations of artisanal practices in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Mapping these interventions through the category\nof ‘politics of ignoring’, this article argues that the strategies of Asaris were unique and very much related to their practice of asarippani (carpentry). According to their self-understandings, asarippani was a located practice (not necessarily local), bounded in specific notions of space and time. Through an analysis of Asari practices this article argues that artisanal practice is neither just a bodily activity nor an abstracted thinking. It is an activity in which body thinks and mind acts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-13},\n\tjournal = {Review of Development and Change},\n\tauthor = {Sunandan, K.N.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Artisanal Knowledge, Caste, Colonial India, Colonialism, Engineering, India, Kerala, Technical education},\n\tpages = {139--161},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article explores Asari (carpenter caste in Keralam) interventions in colonial appropriations of artisanal practices in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Mapping these interventions through the category of ‘politics of ignoring’, this article argues that the strategies of Asaris were unique and very much related to their practice of asarippani (carpentry). According to their self-understandings, asarippani was a located practice (not necessarily local), bounded in specific notions of space and time. Through an analysis of Asari practices this article argues that artisanal practice is neither just a bodily activity nor an abstracted thinking. It is an activity in which body thinks and mind acts.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Innovation in Indian Handloom Weaving.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mamidipudi, A.; and Bijker, W. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 59(3): 509–545. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mamidipudi_innovation_2018,\n\ttitle = {Innovation in {Indian} {Handloom} {Weaving}},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {1097-3729},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/703139},\n\tabstract = {Handloom weaving is the second most important livelihood in rural India after farming. Improving handloom technologies and practices thus will directly affect the lives of millions of Indians, and this is similar for many other communities in the global South and East. By analyzing hand-loom weaving as a socio-technology, we will show how weaving communities are constantly innovating their technologies, designs, markets, and social organization—often without calling it innovation. This demonstration of innovation in handloom contradicts the received image of handloom as a pre-modern and traditional craft that is unsustainable in current societies and that one should strive to eliminate: by mechanization and/or by putting it into a museum.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Mamidipudi, Annapurna and Bijker, Wiebe E.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Artisanal Knowledge, Handloom, India, Socio-technical system, Sociology of Technology, Technological innovation, Technology \\& Society, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {509--545},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Handloom weaving is the second most important livelihood in rural India after farming. Improving handloom technologies and practices thus will directly affect the lives of millions of Indians, and this is similar for many other communities in the global South and East. By analyzing hand-loom weaving as a socio-technology, we will show how weaving communities are constantly innovating their technologies, designs, markets, and social organization—often without calling it innovation. This demonstration of innovation in handloom contradicts the received image of handloom as a pre-modern and traditional craft that is unsustainable in current societies and that one should strive to eliminate: by mechanization and/or by putting it into a museum.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dis-locating Subaltern Therapeutics: Totka Chikitsha, Nomad Sociality, and Anti-Consumerism in Colonial Bengal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Medicine, 13(1-2): 134–169. September 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_dis-locating_2018,\n\ttitle = {Dis-locating {Subaltern} {Therapeutics}: {Totka} {Chikitsha}, {Nomad} {Sociality}, and {Anti}-{Consumerism} in {Colonial} {Bengal}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1573-420X, 1573-4218},\n\tshorttitle = {Dis-locating {Subaltern} {Therapeutics}},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/view/journals/asme/13/1-2/article-p134_7.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1163/15734218-12341411},\n\tabstract = {Abstract The article is about totka chikitsha, a particular type of subaltern therapeutics widely recognized in northern and eastern South Asia. These simple recipes often circulated through transient encounters, physical or mediatized, between strangers. During the colonial era, government employment and the traveling that it required made many Bengalis in clerical jobs particularly authoritative in totka therapeutics. Though this mode of therapy was seen as an alternative to the increasingly commoditized medical market, anticonsumerism also became a discursive frame within which certain sections of the medico-print market appropriated totkas. My discussion of the colonial history of totka therapeutics is also intended as a critique of the persistent “localism” that haunts any attempt to engage, whether academically or practically, with subaltern therapeutics. I insist that we must historicize the local, the same way we now historicize the global.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {Asian Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Anticonsumerism, History of Medicine, Subaltern Studies, Travel},\n\tpages = {134--169},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract The article is about totka chikitsha, a particular type of subaltern therapeutics widely recognized in northern and eastern South Asia. These simple recipes often circulated through transient encounters, physical or mediatized, between strangers. During the colonial era, government employment and the traveling that it required made many Bengalis in clerical jobs particularly authoritative in totka therapeutics. Though this mode of therapy was seen as an alternative to the increasingly commoditized medical market, anticonsumerism also became a discursive frame within which certain sections of the medico-print market appropriated totkas. My discussion of the colonial history of totka therapeutics is also intended as a critique of the persistent “localism” that haunts any attempt to engage, whether academically or practically, with subaltern therapeutics. I insist that we must historicize the local, the same way we now historicize the global.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Frugal Innovations and Actor–Network Theory: A Case of Bamboo Shoots Processing in Manipur, India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Devi, W. P.; and Kumar, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The European Journal of Development Research, 30(1): 66–83. January 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{devi_frugal_2018,\n\ttitle = {Frugal {Innovations} and {Actor}–{Network} {Theory}: {A} {Case} of {Bamboo} {Shoots} {Processing} in {Manipur}, {India}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {1743-9728},\n\tshorttitle = {Frugal {Innovations} and {Actor}–{Network} {Theory}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-017-0116-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1057/s41287-017-0116-1},\n\tabstract = {Scarce resources, low-income level of consumers and cultural values drive innovators to resort to low-cost, local-centric idea of frugal innovations both in the formal and informal sectors. Such innovations are the outcome of complex processes and one needs to understand them in their context. We aim to explore the process of frugal innovations in the informal food processing sector of bamboo shoots in the Indian state of Manipur by using Actor–Network Theory. We conducted an ethnographic study and followed the actors engaged in bamboo shoots processing for 4 years. We found that frugal innovations are the outcome of negotiations among diverse actors as they attempt to extend their networks and maintain their complex relation during the process of translation. We also argue that the fundamental premises of ANT such as symmetry and inclusion of non-human actors; will enrich the understanding of frugal innovation processes, especially of the informal sector.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {The European Journal of Development Research},\n\tauthor = {Devi, Wairokpam Premi and Kumar, Hemant},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Actor–Network Theory, Food Processing Industry, India, Manipur},\n\tpages = {66--83},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Scarce resources, low-income level of consumers and cultural values drive innovators to resort to low-cost, local-centric idea of frugal innovations both in the formal and informal sectors. Such innovations are the outcome of complex processes and one needs to understand them in their context. We aim to explore the process of frugal innovations in the informal food processing sector of bamboo shoots in the Indian state of Manipur by using Actor–Network Theory. We conducted an ethnographic study and followed the actors engaged in bamboo shoots processing for 4 years. We found that frugal innovations are the outcome of negotiations among diverse actors as they attempt to extend their networks and maintain their complex relation during the process of translation. We also argue that the fundamental premises of ANT such as symmetry and inclusion of non-human actors; will enrich the understanding of frugal innovation processes, especially of the informal sector.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Going South: How STS Could Think Science in and with the South?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dumoulin Kervran, D.; Kleiche-Dray, M.; and Quet, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 1(1): 280–305. January 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dumoulin_kervran_going_2018,\n\ttitle = {Going {South}: {How} {STS} {Could} {Think} {Science} in and with the {South}?},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {2572-9861},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25729861.2018.1550186},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/25729861.2018.1550186},\n\tabstract = {Social studies of science (STS, science studies) have played an important role in the renewal of social sciences in the course of their institutionalization. However, especially in France, where the authors are working, they have paid only limited attention to the research on science done in the South. The diverse perspectives developed from/on the South would, if taken into account, broaden the discussion of knowledge, its places and circulation. In particular, we think that postcolonial approaches provide relevant tools for this reflection and that they give the means for a more mature globalization of STS – relying on a better integration of the Global South to the science studies landscape. Our proposal is developed as such: 1) understanding why science studies have shown little interest in the South until recently, 2) analysing the processes which have enabled the move of STS to the South, 3) mapping the challenges of the “creolization” of STS that mixes post-colonial approaches with science studies approaches.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Dumoulin Kervran, David and Kleiche-Dray, Mina and Quet, Mathieu},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Decolonization, Global South, India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, STS Methods, South Asia},\n\tpages = {280--305},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Social studies of science (STS, science studies) have played an important role in the renewal of social sciences in the course of their institutionalization. However, especially in France, where the authors are working, they have paid only limited attention to the research on science done in the South. The diverse perspectives developed from/on the South would, if taken into account, broaden the discussion of knowledge, its places and circulation. In particular, we think that postcolonial approaches provide relevant tools for this reflection and that they give the means for a more mature globalization of STS – relying on a better integration of the Global South to the science studies landscape. Our proposal is developed as such: 1) understanding why science studies have shown little interest in the South until recently, 2) analysing the processes which have enabled the move of STS to the South, 3) mapping the challenges of the “creolization” of STS that mixes post-colonial approaches with science studies approaches.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Regulation Multiple: Pharmaceutical Trajectories and Modes of Control in the ASEAN.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Quet, M.; Pordié, L.; Bochaton, A.; Chantavanich, S.; Kiatying-Angsulee, N.; Lamy, M.; and Vungsiriphisal, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 23(3): 485–503. November 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{quet_regulation_2018,\n\ttitle = {Regulation {Multiple}: {Pharmaceutical} {Trajectories} and {Modes} of {Control} in the {ASEAN}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Regulation {Multiple}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721818762935},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721818762935},\n\tabstract = {This article revisits the conceptualisation of pharmaceutical regulation. While States and multilateral organisations play a central part in devising rules, regulation as a social practice extends beyond their role. Domestic and international interests, geopolitics and spatial configurations, commercial and health considerations, governmental policies and individual behaviours and legal and illegal transactions all contribute to regulating the pharmaceutical milieu. This consideration expands the epistemological range of pharmaceutical regulation, which then appears as the assemblage of heterogeneous laws, rules and codes of conducts. The way in which these layers are connected forms what regulation actually is in practice. Regulation multiple thus appears as the product of tensions between harmonisation efforts and persistent diversity, as well as the result of interactions and overlaps between official regulation and unofficial regulatory practices. This article explores these tensions in the Southeast Asian pharmaceutical market along three themes: circuits and logistic regimes; control and attention to quality; bridges and harmonisations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Quet, Mathieu and Pordié, Laurent and Bochaton, Audrey and Chantavanich, Supang and Kiatying-Angsulee, Niyada and Lamy, Marie and Vungsiriphisal, Premjai},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {485--503},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article revisits the conceptualisation of pharmaceutical regulation. While States and multilateral organisations play a central part in devising rules, regulation as a social practice extends beyond their role. Domestic and international interests, geopolitics and spatial configurations, commercial and health considerations, governmental policies and individual behaviours and legal and illegal transactions all contribute to regulating the pharmaceutical milieu. This consideration expands the epistemological range of pharmaceutical regulation, which then appears as the assemblage of heterogeneous laws, rules and codes of conducts. The way in which these layers are connected forms what regulation actually is in practice. Regulation multiple thus appears as the product of tensions between harmonisation efforts and persistent diversity, as well as the result of interactions and overlaps between official regulation and unofficial regulatory practices. This article explores these tensions in the Southeast Asian pharmaceutical market along three themes: circuits and logistic regimes; control and attention to quality; bridges and harmonisations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Empty Stocks and Loose Paper: Governing Access to Medicines through Informality in Northern India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dahdah, M. A.; Kumar, A.; and Quet, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Sociology, 33(6): 778–795. November 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dahdah_empty_2018,\n\ttitle = {Empty {Stocks} and {Loose} {Paper}: {Governing} {Access} to {Medicines} through {Informality} in {Northern} {India}},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\tissn = {0268-5809, 1461-7242},\n\tshorttitle = {Empty stocks and loose paper},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0268580918792779},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0268580918792779},\n\tabstract = {Based upon research in the state of Bihar, India, this article argues that informal access to medicines in Northern India is a core element of the government of healthcare. Informal providers such as unlicensed village doctors and unlicensed drug sellers play a major role in access to medicines in Bihar, in the particular context of the dismantling of public procurement services. Building on recent works in the socio-anthropology of pharmaceuticals, the article shows the importance of taking into account the political economy of drugs in India, in order to understand local problems of access more fully. If informal providers occupy such an important position in the government of healthcare in India, this is partly due to the shaping of healthcare as access to drugs on health markets. Elaborating the argument from interviews with health professionals and patients, the article first shows the situation of public healthcare and public procurement in Bihar; then it presents the role of informal medicine providers; lastly, it shows how patients deal with the fact that they live in a ‘pharmaceutical world’ where access to health equates with access to medicines.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {International Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Dahdah, Marine Al and Kumar, Aalok and Quet, Mathieu},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Bihar, Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, Health System, Healthcare, India, Medical Doctors},\n\tpages = {778--795},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Based upon research in the state of Bihar, India, this article argues that informal access to medicines in Northern India is a core element of the government of healthcare. Informal providers such as unlicensed village doctors and unlicensed drug sellers play a major role in access to medicines in Bihar, in the particular context of the dismantling of public procurement services. Building on recent works in the socio-anthropology of pharmaceuticals, the article shows the importance of taking into account the political economy of drugs in India, in order to understand local problems of access more fully. If informal providers occupy such an important position in the government of healthcare in India, this is partly due to the shaping of healthcare as access to drugs on health markets. Elaborating the argument from interviews with health professionals and patients, the article first shows the situation of public healthcare and public procurement in Bihar; then it presents the role of informal medicine providers; lastly, it shows how patients deal with the fact that they live in a ‘pharmaceutical world’ where access to health equates with access to medicines.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Leading Science and Technology: India Next?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Aggarwal, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n SAGE Publications, New Delhi, 2018.\n Google-Books-ID: 2_FszgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{aggarwal_leading_2018,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Leading {Science} and {Technology}: {India} {Next}?},\n\tisbn = {9789353885830},\n\tshorttitle = {Leading {Science} and {Technology}},\n\tabstract = {In a world buzzing with artificial intelligence, gene therapy, 3-D printing, and brain implants, where does India stand? India is not yet a front-runner in creating new knowledge and world-changing inventions. India does not even feature among the top 10 countries in scientific research. In this book, Varun argues that India would risk its economic progress, technology industry, and social development if it does not lead in research and innovation. He deliberates on how we can make India a leader in science and technology and uses a data-based approach to highlight the various limitations of India's research ecosystem. He demystifies how discoveries and inventions happen through stories and personal experiences. The book provides concrete, well-reasoned steps to build a "Scientific India." This is essential for India's success and for serving the cause of human progress.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\tauthor = {Aggarwal, Varun},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 2\\_FszgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Science \\& Culture, Science and State, Technological Imaginary, Technological innovation},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In a world buzzing with artificial intelligence, gene therapy, 3-D printing, and brain implants, where does India stand? India is not yet a front-runner in creating new knowledge and world-changing inventions. India does not even feature among the top 10 countries in scientific research. In this book, Varun argues that India would risk its economic progress, technology industry, and social development if it does not lead in research and innovation. He deliberates on how we can make India a leader in science and technology and uses a data-based approach to highlight the various limitations of India's research ecosystem. He demystifies how discoveries and inventions happen through stories and personal experiences. The book provides concrete, well-reasoned steps to build a \"Scientific India.\" This is essential for India's success and for serving the cause of human progress.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Aadhaar Scheme: A Cornerstone of a New Citizenship Regime in India?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chaudhuri, B.; and König, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Contemporary South Asia, 26(2): 127–142. April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{chaudhuri_aadhaar_2018,\n\ttitle = {The {Aadhaar} {Scheme}: {A} {Cornerstone} of a {New} {Citizenship} {Regime} in {India}?},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tissn = {0958-4935, 1469-364X},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Aadhaar} scheme},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09584935.2017.1369934},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/09584935.2017.1369934},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Contemporary South Asia},\n\tauthor = {Chaudhuri, Bidisha and König, Lion},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Aadhaar, Digital STS, Digital citizenship, India},\n\tpages = {127--142},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Observational Records of Stars in Indian Astronomical Texts.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shylaja, B. S.; and Pai, R. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 115(3): 570–573. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shylaja_observational_2018,\n\ttitle = {Observational {Records} of {Stars} in {Indian} {Astronomical} {Texts}},\n\tvolume = {115},\n\tissn = {0011-3891},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26978249},\n\tabstract = {In an effort to search observational records of stars in the Indian astronomical texts, we have compiled all bright stars in various texts from Sūryasiddhānta to Siddhāntadarpaṇa by Candraśekhara Sāmanta of the 19th century, totalling to 106 based on the listed coordinates. Using the 27 nakṣatras on the ecliptic, used for fixing the position of the solar system bodies, the coordinates were matched for the epochs of the catalogues. This resolved some ambiguity with respect to the identification of faint stars and provided a means to extend the method to other stars outside the zodiac. We have specifically chosen those lists which are characterized by observations that are highlighted in the discussion. Our study reveals that a scale similar to the magnitude scale of brightness (currently in use) was in vogue. The origins of the names are also described.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Shylaja, B. S. and Pai, R. Venketeswara},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {History of Indian Astronomy, India, Indian Astronomical Texts, Naksatras},\n\tpages = {570--573},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In an effort to search observational records of stars in the Indian astronomical texts, we have compiled all bright stars in various texts from Sūryasiddhānta to Siddhāntadarpaṇa by Candraśekhara Sāmanta of the 19th century, totalling to 106 based on the listed coordinates. Using the 27 nakṣatras on the ecliptic, used for fixing the position of the solar system bodies, the coordinates were matched for the epochs of the catalogues. This resolved some ambiguity with respect to the identification of faint stars and provided a means to extend the method to other stars outside the zodiac. We have specifically chosen those lists which are characterized by observations that are highlighted in the discussion. Our study reveals that a scale similar to the magnitude scale of brightness (currently in use) was in vogue. The origins of the names are also described.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Large Dams as ‘Temples of Modern India’? An Obituary to Nehruvian Techno-political Dreams and a Plea for Gandhian Ethics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Upadhyaya, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Savyasaachi, editor(s), Intractable Conflicts in Contemporary India: Narratives and Social Movements, pages 86–103. Routledge India, London & New York, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@incollection{upadhyaya_large_2018,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Large {Dams} as ‘{Temples} of {Modern} {India}’? {An}\nObituary to {Nehruvian} {Techno}-political {Dreams} and a\nPlea for {Gandhian} {Ethics}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-138-63286-8 (hbk)},\n\tshorttitle = {Large {Dams}},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351057066-5/large-dams-temples-modern-india-himanshu-upadhyaya?context=ubx&refId=320e4d37-b663-42ee-b800-1b11c94f0f2d},\n\tabstract = {Theorization of environmental movements has identified the 1970s as the decade of rise of environmentalism in India (Gadgil: 2001). However, the social movements/local struggles that have posed challenges to the project of ‘Development’ and high priests of the temple of modern India date back to 1920s. This chapter seeks to track what has been passed off as ‘nation building’ fervour, which coincided with large dams and embankments building during the first two decades. By engaging with autobiographical writings by those who contributed to the nation building imagination, this chapter shows that ‘technological planning’ happened in a style that only looked at financial and political cost benefit assessment.\n\nFollowing Klingensmith (2007), Nandy (2001) and others who use memoirs and autobiographical/biographical writings to scrutinize the so-called apolitical development planning, this chapter brings forth insights by citing from the memoirs of Bhailal Patel (1996). Bhailal Patel worked as a civil engineer in British India and has been credited for having conceived of the technological dream of the Sardar Sarova Project. This chapter also cites from memoirs of Jugatram Dave, a Gandhian educationist, to probe the level of ‘participation’ for local people in the Ukai multipurpose river valley project. These two autobiographical writings are analysed to probe the attitudes towards the people losing land during colonial time and in post-independent India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Intractable {Conflicts} in {Contemporary} {India}: {Narratives} and {Social} {Movements}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge India},\n\tauthor = {Upadhyaya, Himanshu},\n\teditor = {Savyasaachi},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Autobiography, Bhailal Patel, Dam, EnvSTS, India, Memoirs, New Social Movements, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Public Understanding of Science, Publics, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {86--103},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Theorization of environmental movements has identified the 1970s as the decade of rise of environmentalism in India (Gadgil: 2001). However, the social movements/local struggles that have posed challenges to the project of ‘Development’ and high priests of the temple of modern India date back to 1920s. This chapter seeks to track what has been passed off as ‘nation building’ fervour, which coincided with large dams and embankments building during the first two decades. By engaging with autobiographical writings by those who contributed to the nation building imagination, this chapter shows that ‘technological planning’ happened in a style that only looked at financial and political cost benefit assessment. Following Klingensmith (2007), Nandy (2001) and others who use memoirs and autobiographical/biographical writings to scrutinize the so-called apolitical development planning, this chapter brings forth insights by citing from the memoirs of Bhailal Patel (1996). Bhailal Patel worked as a civil engineer in British India and has been credited for having conceived of the technological dream of the Sardar Sarova Project. This chapter also cites from memoirs of Jugatram Dave, a Gandhian educationist, to probe the level of ‘participation’ for local people in the Ukai multipurpose river valley project. These two autobiographical writings are analysed to probe the attitudes towards the people losing land during colonial time and in post-independent India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mobilizing for Science Democratizing Movements: Lessons from the Experience of People’s Science Movements in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abrol, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Savyasaachi, editor(s), Intractable Conflicts in Contemporary India: Narratives and Social Movements, pages 175–196. Routledge India, London & New York, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{abrol_mobilizing_2018,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Mobilizing for {Science} {Democratizing} {Movements}: {Lessons} from the {Experience} of {People}’s {Science} {Movements} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-138-63286-8 (hbk)},\n\tshorttitle = {Mobilizing for science democratizing movements},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351057066-9/mobilizing-science-democratizing-movements-dinesh-abrol?context=ubx&refId=39d7570b-a59b-4cec-a3aa-29ae1c9ca829},\n\tabstract = {This chapter brings out the many layered meanings of the contribution of democratizing science activism of India’s people’s science movements (PSMs). The author argues that the vast people’s network has been an instrument of public engagement with modern science and technology for the Indian people. Diverse needs are being met right from critiquing science policies and state-sponsored environmentally unfriendly projects to broadening access to literacy, education, health and sustainable livelihoods. Argument offered is that the PSMs have enabled the society to improve socio-cultural and political awareness and critically engage with modern science and technology in India. It is suggested that this important dimension is completely overlooked in the blanket criticism of the neo-Gandhian scholars of PSMs. Further it suggests that traditional knowledge is not the only resource that can provide the society with a socio-cultural, political and technological resource for engaging with the challenges of sustainable development. A creative and virtuous understanding of modern science can help us to provide a critical, non-instrumental and emancipatory worldview. Furthermore, the PSMs’ leaders are well aware that public engagement with the formation of “scientific counter publics” is taking roots in India in competition with the ideologies of neo-liberalism, cultural nationalism and neo-traditionalism. It is suggested that the PSMs must continue to develop a critical consciousness, prevent the reactionary ideological trends from consolidating the tendencies of “anti-science variety” and not be deterred by misplaced criticism of nativist scholars. Today the challenge facing the PSMs revolves around the dilemmas of how to build a peoples’ coalition to contribute to the contemporary organizational challenge of mobilization for the democratization of governance of S\\&T under the conditions of growing support for reactionary trends and neo-liberal capitalist order of socio-economic use of modern science and technology in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Intractable {Conflicts} in {Contemporary} {India}: {Narratives} and {Social} {Movements}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge India},\n\tauthor = {Abrol, Dinesh},\n\teditor = {Savyasaachi},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {India, Marxism \\& Science, New Social Movements, People's Health Movement, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Popular Science, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Public Understanding of Science, Publics, Radical Science Movements, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {175--196},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This chapter brings out the many layered meanings of the contribution of democratizing science activism of India’s people’s science movements (PSMs). The author argues that the vast people’s network has been an instrument of public engagement with modern science and technology for the Indian people. Diverse needs are being met right from critiquing science policies and state-sponsored environmentally unfriendly projects to broadening access to literacy, education, health and sustainable livelihoods. Argument offered is that the PSMs have enabled the society to improve socio-cultural and political awareness and critically engage with modern science and technology in India. It is suggested that this important dimension is completely overlooked in the blanket criticism of the neo-Gandhian scholars of PSMs. Further it suggests that traditional knowledge is not the only resource that can provide the society with a socio-cultural, political and technological resource for engaging with the challenges of sustainable development. A creative and virtuous understanding of modern science can help us to provide a critical, non-instrumental and emancipatory worldview. Furthermore, the PSMs’ leaders are well aware that public engagement with the formation of “scientific counter publics” is taking roots in India in competition with the ideologies of neo-liberalism, cultural nationalism and neo-traditionalism. It is suggested that the PSMs must continue to develop a critical consciousness, prevent the reactionary ideological trends from consolidating the tendencies of “anti-science variety” and not be deterred by misplaced criticism of nativist scholars. Today the challenge facing the PSMs revolves around the dilemmas of how to build a peoples’ coalition to contribute to the contemporary organizational challenge of mobilization for the democratization of governance of S&T under the conditions of growing support for reactionary trends and neo-liberal capitalist order of socio-economic use of modern science and technology in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Technical Education in the Imagination of the Ceylonese Developmental State: D. J. Wimalasurendra and the Navandanna Caste.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Witharana, B. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Review of Development and Change, 23(2): 162–182. December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{witharana_technical_2018,\n\ttitle = {Technical {Education} in the {Imagination} of the {Ceylonese} {Developmental} {State}: {D}. {J}. {Wimalasurendra} and the {Navandanna} {Caste}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {0972-2661, 2632-055X},\n\tshorttitle = {Technical {Education} in the {Imagination} of the {Ceylonese} {Developmental} {State}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0972266120180208},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0972266120180208},\n\tabstract = {A study of the life of D. J. Wimalasurendra, the prominent Ceylonese engineer from the Navandanna artisan caste who was the main figure behind the first-ever mass-scale hydroelectric project, shows that\ndecades before independence a widespread campaign for a Ceylonese developmental state was present.1 This article investigates the role of technical education in the imagination of the Ceylonese developmental\nstate – imagination that emerged during an era (from 1850 to 1950) within which the nature of technical education in the island underwent transformation from caste-based education to modern engineering. The\narticle further explores why the imagination of an industrially advanced Sri Lanka that was made possible because of the excess power to be generated by the hydroelectric project failed to evolve into a mass\nmovement of developmental nationalism leading to the Ceylonese/ Sri Lankan developmental state and whether the caste affiliation of Wimalasurendra had anything to do with this.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-13},\n\tjournal = {Review of Development and Change},\n\tauthor = {Witharana, Bandura Dileepa},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Development, Engineering, Science Education, Sri Lanka, Technical education},\n\tpages = {162--182},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A study of the life of D. J. Wimalasurendra, the prominent Ceylonese engineer from the Navandanna artisan caste who was the main figure behind the first-ever mass-scale hydroelectric project, shows that decades before independence a widespread campaign for a Ceylonese developmental state was present.1 This article investigates the role of technical education in the imagination of the Ceylonese developmental state – imagination that emerged during an era (from 1850 to 1950) within which the nature of technical education in the island underwent transformation from caste-based education to modern engineering. The article further explores why the imagination of an industrially advanced Sri Lanka that was made possible because of the excess power to be generated by the hydroelectric project failed to evolve into a mass movement of developmental nationalism leading to the Ceylonese/ Sri Lankan developmental state and whether the caste affiliation of Wimalasurendra had anything to do with this.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Birth of the IIT System: IIT, Kharagpur.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Salam, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 79: 925–932. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{salam_birth_2018,\n\ttitle = {The {Birth} of the {IIT} {System}: {IIT}, {Kharagpur}},\n\tvolume = {79},\n\tissn = {2249-1937},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Birth} of the {Iit} {System}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26906333},\n\tabstract = {In retrospect, the narrative of IIT, Kharagpur is an attempt to create\nknowledge based society and higher education system in post independence\nIndia. However, more than anything else, this study showed that the policies of\nthe post- colonial state happened to be intrinsically linked to the development\nof science and technology and in this Nehru was the chief proponent. David\nArnold opined that Nehruvian science became an authoritative force trying to\ninitiate a national as well as universal science. This is true of the IITs. Now,\ngraduates of such institutions are on high demand in international market\nforging an identity wherever they venture. The question of ‘brain drain’ also\ncomes up whereby in a positive light, the constant character of the linear\ndiffusion of knowledge from much advanced western country to an under\ndeveloped or peripheral region is questioned.},\n\turldate = {2024-05-15},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the Indian History Congress},\n\tauthor = {Salam, Priya},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Engineering, History of Technology, IIT Kharagpur, IITs, India, Institutionalization, Institutions, Science Education},\n\tpages = {925--932},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In retrospect, the narrative of IIT, Kharagpur is an attempt to create knowledge based society and higher education system in post independence India. However, more than anything else, this study showed that the policies of the post- colonial state happened to be intrinsically linked to the development of science and technology and in this Nehru was the chief proponent. David Arnold opined that Nehruvian science became an authoritative force trying to initiate a national as well as universal science. This is true of the IITs. Now, graduates of such institutions are on high demand in international market forging an identity wherever they venture. The question of ‘brain drain’ also comes up whereby in a positive light, the constant character of the linear diffusion of knowledge from much advanced western country to an under developed or peripheral region is questioned.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific Temper and Cultural Authority of Science in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raza, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In The Cultural Authority of Science. Routledge, Oxon and New York, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{raza_scientific_2018,\n\taddress = {Oxon and New York},\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Temper} and {Cultural} {Authority} of {Science} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781315163284},\n\tabstract = {This chapter identifies several distinct phases of discourse and shows that when the consensus builds around the notion of 'building a scientifically tempered society' was broken among the scholars, the authority of science was undermined in India. In the initial phase, the reformist contributed very significantly in preparing grounds for the acceptance of modern scientific ideas originating in the west and percolating among some sections of Indian population. The second phase is almost synchronous with the freedom movement. In the last phase as the consensus around the idea of 'Scientific Temper' was broken virulent anti-science sections gained strength from the discourse unleashed by the romantic intellectuals. In the Indian subcontinent, the debate generally known as discourse on Scientific Temper can be looked at as a pan-India project undertaken by scientific and political leadership for establishing the authority of science.},\n\tbooktitle = {The {Cultural} {Authority} of {Science}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Raza, Gauhar},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {India, Public Understanding of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This chapter identifies several distinct phases of discourse and shows that when the consensus builds around the notion of 'building a scientifically tempered society' was broken among the scholars, the authority of science was undermined in India. In the initial phase, the reformist contributed very significantly in preparing grounds for the acceptance of modern scientific ideas originating in the west and percolating among some sections of Indian population. The second phase is almost synchronous with the freedom movement. In the last phase as the consensus around the idea of 'Scientific Temper' was broken virulent anti-science sections gained strength from the discourse unleashed by the romantic intellectuals. In the Indian subcontinent, the debate generally known as discourse on Scientific Temper can be looked at as a pan-India project undertaken by scientific and political leadership for establishing the authority of science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Revisiting a Marginalized Community: The Bone-setters of Bengal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Samanta, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Raha, B.; and Chattopadhyay, S., editor(s), Mapping the Path to Maturity: A Connected History of Bengal and the North-East, pages 255–267. Manohar, New Delhi, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{samanta_revisiting_2018,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Revisiting a {Marginalized} {Community}: {The} {Bone}-setters of {Bengal}},\n\tisbn = {9781032653266 (paperback)},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Mapping-the-Path-to-Maturity-A-Connected-History-of-Bengal-and-the-North-East/Raha-Chattopadhyay/p/book/9781032653266?srsltid=AfmBOoo1A4NM0FD1EJYy68eDvwWfZt5pMXaSGOnICPkrdkW8O7QWwEz8},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Mapping the {Path} to {Maturity}: {A} {Connected} {History} of {Bengal} and the {North}-{East}},\n\tpublisher = {Manohar},\n\tauthor = {Samanta, Arabinda},\n\teditor = {Raha, Bipasha and Chattopadhyay, Subyahu},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Healing, Subaltern communities, Traditional Medicine},\n\tpages = {255--267},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Decolonizing Science in Asia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, P.; Mukharji, P. B.; and Prasad, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Verge: Studies in Global Asias, 4(1): 24–43. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_decolonizing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Decolonizing {Science} in {Asia}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {2373-5066},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/23/article/807232},\n\tabstract = {Report of the Summer Institute on “Decolonizing Science in Asia” (June 13– 17, 2016) at the Pennsylvania State University\n\nThe Summer Institute "engaged substantive concerns about the place of Asia- focused works within science and technology studies (STS), which has its primary moorings in the so- called West. Contesting the claims of science as universal knowledge, the participants extended the project of decentering the studies of Asian science, technology, and medicine (STM) through multiple exercises in empirical experimentation. From interrogating “objects” to unraveling the “making of subjects,” or through examining the geopolitics and biopolitics in diverse areas of research, the institute gave representation to a new wave of scholarship that is no longer satisfied by adorning soft multiculturalism or by simplistically acknowledging the West-centrism of STS analyses that are tethered to European intellectual traditions. Rather, these scholars showcased the relevance of intellectual traditions in Asia toward revisionist purposes, applied new methods that area studies scholars have perfected over the last several decades, and showed a sensitivity to incorporating Asia-centered concerns in scholarly examinations of science and technology. Our main concern at the Summer Institute was to critically interrogate the very categories that imbue historiographic and sociological meaning to the phrase that constituted the title and focus of the institute."},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-28},\n\tjournal = {Verge: Studies in Global Asias},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Prakash and Mukharji, Projit Bihari and Prasad, Amit},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Decolonization, STS workshops, South Asia},\n\tpages = {24--43},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Report of the Summer Institute on “Decolonizing Science in Asia” (June 13– 17, 2016) at the Pennsylvania State University The Summer Institute \"engaged substantive concerns about the place of Asia- focused works within science and technology studies (STS), which has its primary moorings in the so- called West. Contesting the claims of science as universal knowledge, the participants extended the project of decentering the studies of Asian science, technology, and medicine (STM) through multiple exercises in empirical experimentation. From interrogating “objects” to unraveling the “making of subjects,” or through examining the geopolitics and biopolitics in diverse areas of research, the institute gave representation to a new wave of scholarship that is no longer satisfied by adorning soft multiculturalism or by simplistically acknowledging the West-centrism of STS analyses that are tethered to European intellectual traditions. Rather, these scholars showcased the relevance of intellectual traditions in Asia toward revisionist purposes, applied new methods that area studies scholars have perfected over the last several decades, and showed a sensitivity to incorporating Asia-centered concerns in scholarly examinations of science and technology. Our main concern at the Summer Institute was to critically interrogate the very categories that imbue historiographic and sociological meaning to the phrase that constituted the title and focus of the institute.\"\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Constructing Global Data: Automated Techniques in Ecological Monitoring, Precaution and Reification of Risk.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thayyil, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Big Data & Society, 5(1): 205395171877940. January 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{thayyil_constructing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Constructing {Global} {Data}: {Automated} {Techniques} in {Ecological} {Monitoring}, {Precaution} and {Reification} of {Risk}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2053-9517, 2053-9517},\n\tshorttitle = {Constructing global data},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2053951718779407},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/2053951718779407},\n\tabstract = {Automatic aggregation of large-scale data is increasingly conceived as central in the production of ecological knowledge. This article examines the implications of the employment of automation techniques and ‘data-driven analysis’ in long-term biodiversity monitoring. What are the pathways and paradoxes in the possible public acceptance of automated data-sets as a trustworthy source for use in global protection and regulation of biodiversity? This article suggests that the precautionary discourse aid topdown measures for the public acceptability of the use of such techniques. Automated biodiversity monitoring offers distinctive advantages to further precautionary goals in terms of a faster, cost-effective and less messy way of collecting data, at a large scale over long periods of time. However, it contradicts other values implied through precaution – for instance the opacity and reification of the construction of risk. How do the specific forms of data-making relate with specific forms of risk governance, and what implications does this have for helping us to understand appropriate ways of political representation in governance? Can paradoxes attendant to introducing a form of construction of data help understand the nature of the exercise of governmental power? \n \n \n [Box: see text]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-03-06},\n\tjournal = {Big Data \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Thayyil, Naveen},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {205395171877940},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Automatic aggregation of large-scale data is increasingly conceived as central in the production of ecological knowledge. This article examines the implications of the employment of automation techniques and ‘data-driven analysis’ in long-term biodiversity monitoring. What are the pathways and paradoxes in the possible public acceptance of automated data-sets as a trustworthy source for use in global protection and regulation of biodiversity? This article suggests that the precautionary discourse aid topdown measures for the public acceptability of the use of such techniques. Automated biodiversity monitoring offers distinctive advantages to further precautionary goals in terms of a faster, cost-effective and less messy way of collecting data, at a large scale over long periods of time. However, it contradicts other values implied through precaution – for instance the opacity and reification of the construction of risk. How do the specific forms of data-making relate with specific forms of risk governance, and what implications does this have for helping us to understand appropriate ways of political representation in governance? Can paradoxes attendant to introducing a form of construction of data help understand the nature of the exercise of governmental power? [Box: see text]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Intellectual Property Rights and Informal Sector Innovations: Exploring Grassroots Innovations in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, G.; and Kumar, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 21(3-4): 123–139. July 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{sharma_intellectual_2018,\n\ttitle = {Intellectual {Property} {Rights} and {Informal} {Sector} {Innovations}: {Exploring} {Grassroots} {Innovations} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tissn = {1422-2213, 1747-1796},\n\tshorttitle = {Intellectual property rights and informal sector innovations},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jwip.12097},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/jwip.12097},\n\tabstract = {The primary driver for innovations in the formal sector is credited to the institution of patenting. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) as the extrinsic motivational factor have supported innovations by firms and industries which have a large market and resources to commercialise their products. Grassroots innovations, on the other hand, represent a culture of individual innovators outside formal sector who innovate out of adversity, curiosity and needs. Most of the innovators have cited intrinsic motivation behind the innovation and are unaware of IPR. However, there is a paucity of literature on the relation between IPR and innovations in the informal sector. Drawing on the literature on IPR and innovations in the formal sector, we examine whether the same theories and rationales apply to a different nature of innovations in the informal sector. This is an exploratory study and to map the current scenario of patenting for grassroots innovations secondary data were collected from the National Innovation Foundation (NIF) website. To understand the innovators’ perception, we interviewed them through various means and on different sites. The study finds that although there was no initial intention to innovate for extrinsic incentives like patenting, there is an increasing trend in filing patents for grassroots innovations by the NIF in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of World Intellectual Property},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Gautam and Kumar, Hemant},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {India, Innovation studies, Intellectual Property Rights, National Innovation Foundation (NIF)},\n\tpages = {123--139},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The primary driver for innovations in the formal sector is credited to the institution of patenting. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) as the extrinsic motivational factor have supported innovations by firms and industries which have a large market and resources to commercialise their products. Grassroots innovations, on the other hand, represent a culture of individual innovators outside formal sector who innovate out of adversity, curiosity and needs. Most of the innovators have cited intrinsic motivation behind the innovation and are unaware of IPR. However, there is a paucity of literature on the relation between IPR and innovations in the informal sector. Drawing on the literature on IPR and innovations in the formal sector, we examine whether the same theories and rationales apply to a different nature of innovations in the informal sector. This is an exploratory study and to map the current scenario of patenting for grassroots innovations secondary data were collected from the National Innovation Foundation (NIF) website. To understand the innovators’ perception, we interviewed them through various means and on different sites. The study finds that although there was no initial intention to innovate for extrinsic incentives like patenting, there is an increasing trend in filing patents for grassroots innovations by the NIF in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Society, Medicine and Politics in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pati, B.; and Harrison, M.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, February 2018.\n Google-Books-ID: uOFLDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{pati_society_2018,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Society, {Medicine} and {Politics} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781351262187},\n\tabstract = {The history of medicine and disease in colonial India remains a dynamic and innovative field of research, covering many facets of health, from government policy to local therapeutics. This volume presents a selection of essays examining varied aspects of health and medicine as they relate to the political upheavals of the colonial era. These range from the micro-politics of medicine in princely states and institutions such as asylums through to the wider canvas of sanitary diplomacy as well as the meaning of modernity and modernization in the context of British rule.The volume reflects the diversity of the field and showcases exciting new scholarship from early-career researchers as well as more established scholars by bringing to light many locations and dimensions of medicine and modernity. The essays have several common themes and together offer important insights into South Asia’s experience of modernity in the years before independence. Cutting across modernity and colonialism, some of the key themes explored here include issues of race, gender, sexuality, law, mental health, famine, disease, religion, missionary medicine, medical research, tensions between and within different medical traditions and practices and India’s place in an international context. This book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of modern South Asian history, sociology, politics and anthropology as well as specialists in the history of medicine.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Pati, Biswamoy and Harrison, Mark},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: uOFLDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonial Disease, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Medicine, Travancore, Tropical Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The history of medicine and disease in colonial India remains a dynamic and innovative field of research, covering many facets of health, from government policy to local therapeutics. This volume presents a selection of essays examining varied aspects of health and medicine as they relate to the political upheavals of the colonial era. These range from the micro-politics of medicine in princely states and institutions such as asylums through to the wider canvas of sanitary diplomacy as well as the meaning of modernity and modernization in the context of British rule.The volume reflects the diversity of the field and showcases exciting new scholarship from early-career researchers as well as more established scholars by bringing to light many locations and dimensions of medicine and modernity. The essays have several common themes and together offer important insights into South Asia’s experience of modernity in the years before independence. Cutting across modernity and colonialism, some of the key themes explored here include issues of race, gender, sexuality, law, mental health, famine, disease, religion, missionary medicine, medical research, tensions between and within different medical traditions and practices and India’s place in an international context. This book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of modern South Asian history, sociology, politics and anthropology as well as specialists in the history of medicine.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Medicine and Colonial Engagements in India and Sub-Saharan Africa.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bala, P.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, June 2018.\n Google-Books-ID: Mp9fDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bala_medicine_2018,\n\taddress = {Newcastle upon Tyne},\n\ttitle = {Medicine and {Colonial} {Engagements} in {India} and {Sub}-{Saharan} {Africa}},\n\tisbn = {9781527511897},\n\tabstract = {This volume examines the various modalities of imperial engagements with the colonized peoples in the former British colonies of India and in sub-Saharan Africa. Articulated through race, gender and medicine, these modalities also became colonial sites of desire addressing colonial anxieties ensuing from concerted engagements. Focussing on colonial India, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Swaziland and Zimbabwe, this volume brings together essays from eminent scholars to examine the dynamics of colonial engagements and their implications in understanding their role in the dominant discourses of the empire. Given its transnational perspective in addressing colonial India and Sub-Saharan Africa, the book will appeal to historians, sociologists, and anthropologists, and to scholars and students in colonial studies, cultural studies, history of medicine and world history.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing},\n\teditor = {Bala, Poonam},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Mp9fDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonial Disease, Colonial Medicine, Comparative Analysis, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This volume examines the various modalities of imperial engagements with the colonized peoples in the former British colonies of India and in sub-Saharan Africa. Articulated through race, gender and medicine, these modalities also became colonial sites of desire addressing colonial anxieties ensuing from concerted engagements. Focussing on colonial India, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Swaziland and Zimbabwe, this volume brings together essays from eminent scholars to examine the dynamics of colonial engagements and their implications in understanding their role in the dominant discourses of the empire. Given its transnational perspective in addressing colonial India and Sub-Saharan Africa, the book will appeal to historians, sociologists, and anthropologists, and to scholars and students in colonial studies, cultural studies, history of medicine and world history.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Religious Rites and Scientific Communities: Ayudha Puja as 'Culture' at the Indian Institute of Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thomas, R.; and Geraci, R. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science, 53(1): 95–122. March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{thomas_religious_2018,\n\ttitle = {Religious {Rites} and {Scientific} {Communities}: {Ayudha} {Puja} as '{Culture}' at the {Indian} {Institute} of {Science}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tcopyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n\tissn = {1467-9744},\n\tshorttitle = {{RELIGIOUS} {RITES} {AND} {SCIENTIFIC} {COMMUNITIES}},\n\turl = {https://www.zygonjournal.org/article/id/14453/},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/zygo.12380},\n\tabstract = {Ayudha Puja, a South Indian festival translated as “worship of the machines,” is a dramatic example of how religion and science intertwine in political life. Across South India, but especially in the state of Karnataka, scientists and engineers celebrate the festival in offices, laboratories, and workshops by attending a puja led by a priest. Although the festival is noteworthy in many ways, one of its most immediate valences is political. In this article, we argue that Ayudha Puja normalizes Brahminical Hinduism within scientific culture through the inclusion of non‐Hindus and through scientists' description of the festival as “cultural” rather than “religious.”},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science},\n\tauthor = {Thomas, Renny and Geraci, Robert M.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemic cultures, Hinduism, Indian Institue of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Science and Religion, Scientific Community, Scientific Practice},\n\tpages = {95--122},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Ayudha Puja, a South Indian festival translated as “worship of the machines,” is a dramatic example of how religion and science intertwine in political life. Across South India, but especially in the state of Karnataka, scientists and engineers celebrate the festival in offices, laboratories, and workshops by attending a puja led by a priest. Although the festival is noteworthy in many ways, one of its most immediate valences is political. In this article, we argue that Ayudha Puja normalizes Brahminical Hinduism within scientific culture through the inclusion of non‐Hindus and through scientists' description of the festival as “cultural” rather than “religious.”\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Reason and Rationality.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shrimali, K. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 46(3-4): 3–44. March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shrimali_reason_2018,\n\ttitle = {Reason and {Rationality}},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Shrimali, Krishna Mohan},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {India, Philosophy of Science, Rationality, Reason},\n\tpages = {3--44},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sociology of a Regional Medicine: Inheritance Capital, Social Networks, and Institutional Strategies in the Making of Contemporary Ayurveda in Kerala.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Medicine, 13(1-2): 276–297. September 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{abraham_sociology_2018,\n\ttitle = {Sociology of a {Regional} {Medicine}: {Inheritance} {Capital}, {Social} {Networks}, and {Institutional} {Strategies} in the {Making} of {Contemporary} {Ayurveda} in {Kerala}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1573-420X, 1573-4218},\n\tshorttitle = {Sociology of a {Regional} {Medicine}},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/view/journals/asme/13/1-2/article-p276_12.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1163/15734218-12341416},\n\tabstract = {Abstract The trajectories of the twentieth-century modernization of Ayurveda varied in different parts of India. This article, which is based on interviews with Ayurvedic practitioners from several social backgrounds and training modalities, analyzes the social dimensions of Ayurveda’s transformation in twentieth-century Kerala, South India. It argues that in the twentieth century Ayurvedic practitioners from two caste groups, Ezhavas and Brahmans, who belonged to established medical lineages were active in the institutionalization of a distinctive therapeutic tradition in the region that is now known as Kerala. Both groups devised new pedagogic, clinical, and manufacturing strategies to protect their family- and caste-based medical lineages and made good use of the new avenues offered by the modern state, modernized Ayurvedic education, and the market to reproduce, adapt, and consolidate their position in Ayurveda in the region. The concept of “inheritance capital” is used to explore the consolidation and reproduction of regional medical lineages and the associated social advantages over successive generations.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tjournal = {Asian Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Leena},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Industry, Kerala},\n\tpages = {276--297},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract The trajectories of the twentieth-century modernization of Ayurveda varied in different parts of India. This article, which is based on interviews with Ayurvedic practitioners from several social backgrounds and training modalities, analyzes the social dimensions of Ayurveda’s transformation in twentieth-century Kerala, South India. It argues that in the twentieth century Ayurvedic practitioners from two caste groups, Ezhavas and Brahmans, who belonged to established medical lineages were active in the institutionalization of a distinctive therapeutic tradition in the region that is now known as Kerala. Both groups devised new pedagogic, clinical, and manufacturing strategies to protect their family- and caste-based medical lineages and made good use of the new avenues offered by the modern state, modernized Ayurvedic education, and the market to reproduce, adapt, and consolidate their position in Ayurveda in the region. The concept of “inheritance capital” is used to explore the consolidation and reproduction of regional medical lineages and the associated social advantages over successive generations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Commonwealth Academies of Science Statement on Climate Change.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Commonwealth, T. A. o.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 1: 1–3. March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{commonwealth_commonwealth_2018,\n\ttitle = {Commonwealth {Academies} of {Science} {Statement} on {Climate} {Change}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/5},\n\tabstract = {"The Commonwealth academies of science call upon Commonwealth Heads of Government to use the best possible scientific evidence to guide action on their 2030 commitments under the Paris accord, and to takefurther action to achieve net-zero greenhouse gases emissions during the second half of the 21stCentury."},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Commonwealth, The Academies of},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Academies, Climate Change, Commonwealth, EnvSTS, Environmental crisis, Scientific Community, South Asia, Statement},\n\tpages = {1--3},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"The Commonwealth academies of science call upon Commonwealth Heads of Government to use the best possible scientific evidence to guide action on their 2030 commitments under the Paris accord, and to takefurther action to achieve net-zero greenhouse gases emissions during the second half of the 21stCentury.\"\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Prehistory of Aadhaar: Body, Law, and Technology as Postcolonial Assemblage.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 12(4): 377–392. December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{abraham_prehistory_2018,\n\ttitle = {Prehistory of {Aadhaar}: {Body}, {Law}, and {Technology} as {Postcolonial} {Assemblage}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1875-2160, 1875-2152},\n\tshorttitle = {Prehistory of {Aadhaar}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1215/18752160-7218326},\n\tdoi = {10.1215/18752160-7218326},\n\tabstract = {This article seeks to go beyond the binary of elite concerns over privacy versus subaltern desires for recognition to understand the huge Indian biometric project, Aadhaar. It offers a prehistory of Aadhaar, framed not in terms of rights and wrongs, important as they are, but as the most recent project in the shaping of modern social and political power through the technologically mediated intersection of the law and the body. Key moments of technopolitical reduction of the physical body—fingerprinting, DNA tests, brain scans, polygraphs, and truth serums—become turning points in a process that have joined personal identity with evidentiary truth to overcome centuries of judicial skepticism. Due to its combined technopolitical and biological foundations, the new national database commands a high degree of social and political confidence as reflected in the unplanned and unforeseen expansion of Aadhaar. In this emergent database society, intersections of law, body, and technoscience engender new human networks: temporary alliances among material forces, inanimate techniques, discourses, norms, and institutions, organized around the technologically mediated body. This article proposes in conclusion that, as a result of these developments, we are likely to see the generation of new and unverifiable conceptions of what we mean by and how we represent the ultimate human network, “society.”},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Itty},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Aadhaar, Biopolitics, Digital STS, Digital citizenship, India, Law and technology, Surveilance techniques},\n\tpages = {377--392},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article seeks to go beyond the binary of elite concerns over privacy versus subaltern desires for recognition to understand the huge Indian biometric project, Aadhaar. It offers a prehistory of Aadhaar, framed not in terms of rights and wrongs, important as they are, but as the most recent project in the shaping of modern social and political power through the technologically mediated intersection of the law and the body. Key moments of technopolitical reduction of the physical body—fingerprinting, DNA tests, brain scans, polygraphs, and truth serums—become turning points in a process that have joined personal identity with evidentiary truth to overcome centuries of judicial skepticism. Due to its combined technopolitical and biological foundations, the new national database commands a high degree of social and political confidence as reflected in the unplanned and unforeseen expansion of Aadhaar. In this emergent database society, intersections of law, body, and technoscience engender new human networks: temporary alliances among material forces, inanimate techniques, discourses, norms, and institutions, organized around the technologically mediated body. This article proposes in conclusion that, as a result of these developments, we are likely to see the generation of new and unverifiable conceptions of what we mean by and how we represent the ultimate human network, “society.”\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Cracked Mirror: An Indian Debate on Experience and Theory.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Guru, G.; and Sarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2018.\n Google-Books-ID: 1Z9MDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{guru_cracked_2018,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Cracked} {Mirror}: {An} {Indian} {Debate} on {Experience} and {Theory}},\n\tisbn = {9780199091348},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Cracked} {Mirror}},\n\tabstract = {Western constructs giving precedence to ideas over experience have, for long, dominated theorization in Indian social sciences. Problematizing their tenuous relationship, this book presents a passionate plea to create new frameworks for describing contemporary Indian social experiences. Using a dialogic form and placing the reality of untouchability and Dalit life at the centre of analyses, Gopal Guru and Sundar Sarukkai examine the ontological and epistemological nature of experience, thereby exhibiting the politics of experience. By illustrating ways of using alternative frameworks for theorizing, The Cracked Mirror argues for a more careful understanding of the ethics of representation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Guru, Gopal and Sarukkai, Sundar},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 1Z9MDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Dalit, Epistemology, Experience, Politics of Representation},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Western constructs giving precedence to ideas over experience have, for long, dominated theorization in Indian social sciences. Problematizing their tenuous relationship, this book presents a passionate plea to create new frameworks for describing contemporary Indian social experiences. Using a dialogic form and placing the reality of untouchability and Dalit life at the centre of analyses, Gopal Guru and Sundar Sarukkai examine the ontological and epistemological nature of experience, thereby exhibiting the politics of experience. By illustrating ways of using alternative frameworks for theorizing, The Cracked Mirror argues for a more careful understanding of the ethics of representation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gandhi, Technology and Employment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Patnaik, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 46(11-12): 27–36. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{patnaik_gandhi_2018,\n\ttitle = {Gandhi, {Technology} and {Employment}},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tissn = {0970-0293},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26599996},\n\tnumber = {11-12},\n\turldate = {2024-08-02},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Patnaik, Prabhat},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhian Philosophy of Technology, India},\n\tpages = {27--36},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Remembering Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya’s Contribution to the History of Philosophical Thought and Scientific Ideas on His Birth Centenary \\textlessSUP\\textgreater1\\textless/SUP\\textgreater.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 1: 1–15. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_remembering_2018,\n\ttitle = {Remembering {Debiprasad} {Chattopadhyaya}’s {Contribution} to the {History} of {Philosophical} {Thought} and {Scientific} {Ideas} on {His} {Birth} {Centenary} {\\textless}{SUP}{\\textgreater}1{\\textless}/{SUP}{\\textgreater}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/64},\n\tdoi = {10.29195/DSSS.01.01.0015},\n\tabstract = {Lokāyata is considered Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya’s magnum opus, a pioneering exploration of the history of materialist thought in ancient India. This work not only established his reputation but subsequently provided a rationale for the need to re-position the schools of Indian philosophical thought in terms of their internal diversity, the range of philosophical problems addressed and the ‘family resemblances’ between the schools. He subsequently went on to pursue the study of the beginnings of scientific thought in ancient India between the period of what historians call the two urbanizations. On his birth centenary, this essay explores the issues discussed in his work, the reception of his ideas amongst historians of science, and their contemporary salience.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Indian Philosophy, Lokāyata, Materialism},\n\tpages = {1--15},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Lokāyata is considered Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya’s magnum opus, a pioneering exploration of the history of materialist thought in ancient India. This work not only established his reputation but subsequently provided a rationale for the need to re-position the schools of Indian philosophical thought in terms of their internal diversity, the range of philosophical problems addressed and the ‘family resemblances’ between the schools. He subsequently went on to pursue the study of the beginnings of scientific thought in ancient India between the period of what historians call the two urbanizations. On his birth centenary, this essay explores the issues discussed in his work, the reception of his ideas amongst historians of science, and their contemporary salience.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n India’s Nuclear Energy Program.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rajaraman, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 1: 1–24. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{rajaraman_indias_2018,\n\ttitle = {India’s {Nuclear} {Energy} {Program}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/13},\n\tdoi = {10.29195/DSSS.01.01.0008},\n\tabstract = {I describe the development of nuclear energy in India, its current status and its future prospects vis-à-vis the global trends in the nuclear industry that are also summarized. A short discussion on carbon emissions and global warming is provided to assess the contribution that nuclear energy can make in mitigating the issue of climate change. The progress in India’s nuclear program prior to and in the aftermath of the Indo-US Nuclear deal is compared. The impact of the Nuclear Liability Act of 2010 on the expansion of our nuclear capacity is analysed. Finally, the public concern over radioactive hazards of nuclear energy is addressed. The genuine uncertainties in obtaining a reliable estimate of the damage done by a reactor explosion are pointed out, which make it difficult even for the intelligentsia to assess, on its own, the true extent of the danger. This underlines the importance of government agencies and NGOs dealing with this area retaining their credibility with the public.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Rajaraman, R.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Carbon emissions, India, Liability Act, Nuclear energy, Radiation hazards},\n\tpages = {1--24},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n I describe the development of nuclear energy in India, its current status and its future prospects vis-à-vis the global trends in the nuclear industry that are also summarized. A short discussion on carbon emissions and global warming is provided to assess the contribution that nuclear energy can make in mitigating the issue of climate change. The progress in India’s nuclear program prior to and in the aftermath of the Indo-US Nuclear deal is compared. The impact of the Nuclear Liability Act of 2010 on the expansion of our nuclear capacity is analysed. Finally, the public concern over radioactive hazards of nuclear energy is addressed. The genuine uncertainties in obtaining a reliable estimate of the damage done by a reactor explosion are pointed out, which make it difficult even for the intelligentsia to assess, on its own, the true extent of the danger. This underlines the importance of government agencies and NGOs dealing with this area retaining their credibility with the public.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The ‘Public’ and the ‘Outreach’: Public Outreach of Science in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ganguly, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 1: 1–14. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ganguly_public_2018,\n\ttitle = {The ‘{Public}’ and the ‘{Outreach}’: {Public} {Outreach} of {Science} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {The ‘{Public}’ and the ‘{Outreach}’},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/71},\n\tdoi = {10.29195/DSSS.01.01.0007},\n\tabstract = {In the 21st century, as the global scientific pursuits provide an enormous amount of new revelations about the natural world, the gap between lay public and the scientific community widens more than ever. On the other hand, scientific endeavours all around the world increasingly depend on popular support for such efforts, as the policy decisions are largely driven by popular perceptions. Frequent instances of a disturbing public show of ignorance about rather established scientific knowledge, almost all over the world, may well be dismissed as rather outliers or means for political or economic gains. But one may argue that these phenomena can also be attributed to the usual public outreach methodologies. This essay aims to dissect out the prevalent public outreach strategies, by closely examining the nature of the key components, i.e. the ‘outreach’ and the ‘public’, to examine this argument. The essay also provides a discussion on the alternative thoughts on more effective programs to enhance public understanding of science and scientific temper, like setting up of rural hands-on science education centers as widely as possible and initiation of nationwide citizen science programs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Ganguly, Dipyaman},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Citizen science, Rationalism, Science, Scientific method, Scientific temper, public outreach},\n\tpages = {1--14},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the 21st century, as the global scientific pursuits provide an enormous amount of new revelations about the natural world, the gap between lay public and the scientific community widens more than ever. On the other hand, scientific endeavours all around the world increasingly depend on popular support for such efforts, as the policy decisions are largely driven by popular perceptions. Frequent instances of a disturbing public show of ignorance about rather established scientific knowledge, almost all over the world, may well be dismissed as rather outliers or means for political or economic gains. But one may argue that these phenomena can also be attributed to the usual public outreach methodologies. This essay aims to dissect out the prevalent public outreach strategies, by closely examining the nature of the key components, i.e. the ‘outreach’ and the ‘public’, to examine this argument. The essay also provides a discussion on the alternative thoughts on more effective programs to enhance public understanding of science and scientific temper, like setting up of rural hands-on science education centers as widely as possible and initiation of nationwide citizen science programs.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rewriting the Contract with Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahajan, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 1: 1–14. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{mahajan_rewriting_2018,\n\ttitle = {Rewriting the {Contract} with {Science}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/65},\n\tdoi = {10.29195/DSSS.01.01.0010},\n\tabstract = {The social sciences stand at a critical juncture today; they have lost the capacity to intervene effectively and authoritatively in the public political discourses. Are our methodological practices responsible for this? Do we need to take a critical look at these practices and reassess them?},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Mahajan, Gurpreet},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Democracy, Philosophy of Science, Philosophy of Social Sciences, Relativism, Truth and justification, University},\n\tpages = {1--14},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The social sciences stand at a critical juncture today; they have lost the capacity to intervene effectively and authoritatively in the public political discourses. Are our methodological practices responsible for this? Do we need to take a critical look at these practices and reassess them?\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n On the History, Politics and Science of Invasion Ecology.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mungi, N. A.; and Qureshi, Q.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 1: 1–16. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{mungi_history_2018,\n\ttitle = {On the {History}, {Politics} and {Science} of {Invasion} {Ecology}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/16},\n\tdoi = {10.29195/DSSS.01.01.0009},\n\tabstract = {The socio-political influence on conservation science has always been contested. One such arena, which has aroused much interest, is of biological invasions. Owing to the inherent paradoxes and dilemmas in defining geographies and impacts, invasion ecology was criticized for being value-driven. The present study explores value-judgements in the evolution of invasion ecology, by reviewing the historical and modern opinions that identified species with their geographic origin or perceived impacts. We found ‘weediness’ to be the primitive term that identified species as inherently ‘bad’ and was rooted in the biblical thoughts of the Dark Age. Western enlightenment and oriental connectivity questioned such claim of species being inherently ‘bad’. Particularly, naturalist and geological expeditions after the 15 century observed that the species that were transferred out of their range, induce negative impacts on the native ecosystem. We found this phenomenon politicized during the late 19 and 20 century, where species were identified with political boundaries, leading to malpractices of ‘exotic introduction’ and extreme ‘bio-nativism’. ‘Biological invasion’ was a scientific term of the 1950s, but the post-World War society perceived this ‘invasion’ with its martial influence. In the subsequent years, a quantitative and technological revolution in long-term ecological monitoring challenged the normative way of perceiving an ecosystem equilibrium or identifying changes brought to it by an invasive species. With the current science-values interface in the subject, we conclude that value-judgements about managing invasive species can help achieve conservation goals; however, its influence on the conceptualization of ecology can distort the scientific premise and should be avoided.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Mungi, Ninad Avinash and Qureshi, Qamar},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Bio-nativism, Conservation, Ecology, Values},\n\tpages = {1--16},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The socio-political influence on conservation science has always been contested. One such arena, which has aroused much interest, is of biological invasions. Owing to the inherent paradoxes and dilemmas in defining geographies and impacts, invasion ecology was criticized for being value-driven. The present study explores value-judgements in the evolution of invasion ecology, by reviewing the historical and modern opinions that identified species with their geographic origin or perceived impacts. We found ‘weediness’ to be the primitive term that identified species as inherently ‘bad’ and was rooted in the biblical thoughts of the Dark Age. Western enlightenment and oriental connectivity questioned such claim of species being inherently ‘bad’. Particularly, naturalist and geological expeditions after the 15 century observed that the species that were transferred out of their range, induce negative impacts on the native ecosystem. We found this phenomenon politicized during the late 19 and 20 century, where species were identified with political boundaries, leading to malpractices of ‘exotic introduction’ and extreme ‘bio-nativism’. ‘Biological invasion’ was a scientific term of the 1950s, but the post-World War society perceived this ‘invasion’ with its martial influence. In the subsequent years, a quantitative and technological revolution in long-term ecological monitoring challenged the normative way of perceiving an ecosystem equilibrium or identifying changes brought to it by an invasive species. With the current science-values interface in the subject, we conclude that value-judgements about managing invasive species can help achieve conservation goals; however, its influence on the conceptualization of ecology can distort the scientific premise and should be avoided.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Learning Outcome Based Science Education – Avoid ‘Old Wine in New Bottle’ Approach: Lessons from the Past.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bamezai, R. N. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society, 1: 1–6. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bamezai_learning_2018,\n\ttitle = {Learning {Outcome} {Based} {Science} {Education} – {Avoid} ‘{Old} {Wine} in {New} {Bottle}’ {Approach}: {Lessons} from the {Past}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2023},\n\tshorttitle = {Learning {Outcome} {Based} {Science} {Education} – {Avoid} ‘{Old} {Wine} in {New} {Bottle}’ {Approach}},\n\turl = {https://dialogue.ias.ac.in/index.php/dialogue/article/view/14},\n\tdoi = {10.29195/DSSS.01.01.0011},\n\tabstract = {Our country has made progress over the decades after independence, yet a lot remains to be desired, despite periodic formulation and revision of policies in Higher Education and S\\&T. The commentary here deals with current changes in looking at the policies of the past and the learning-outcome-based higher education, in brief. Suggestions are made in shaping learning outcome-based UG and PG education by providing a specific example of a subject area},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {DIALOGUE: Science, Scientists and Society},\n\tauthor = {Bamezai, R. N. K.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Higher Education, India, Policy making},\n\tpages = {1--6},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Our country has made progress over the decades after independence, yet a lot remains to be desired, despite periodic formulation and revision of policies in Higher Education and S&T. The commentary here deals with current changes in looking at the policies of the past and the learning-outcome-based higher education, in brief. Suggestions are made in shaping learning outcome-based UG and PG education by providing a specific example of a subject area\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Indus Divided: India, Pakistan and the River Basin Dispute.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Haines, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, Hurst and Co., Penguin Random House India Private Limited, New York, London, New Delhi, February 2018.\n Google-Books-ID: _WolDgAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{haines_indus_2018,\n\taddress = {New York, London, New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Indus {Divided}: {India}, {Pakistan} and the {River} {Basin} {Dispute}},\n\tisbn = {9780143439615},\n\tshorttitle = {Indus {Divided}},\n\tabstract = {The Indus Waters Treaty is considered a key example of India–Pakistan cooperation, which had a critical influence on state-making in both countries. Indus Divided reveals the importance of the Indus Basin river system, and thus control over it, for Indian and Pakistani claims to sovereignty after South Asia’s partition in 1947. Based on new research in India, Pakistan, the United States and the United Kingdom, this book places the Indus dispute, for the first time, in the context of decolonization and Cold War–era development politics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press, Hurst and Co., Penguin Random House India Private Limited},\n\tauthor = {Haines, Daniel},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: \\_WolDgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental Sociology, India, Pakistan, Water politics},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Indus Waters Treaty is considered a key example of India–Pakistan cooperation, which had a critical influence on state-making in both countries. Indus Divided reveals the importance of the Indus Basin river system, and thus control over it, for Indian and Pakistani claims to sovereignty after South Asia’s partition in 1947. Based on new research in India, Pakistan, the United States and the United Kingdom, this book places the Indus dispute, for the first time, in the context of decolonization and Cold War–era development politics.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Creating a Flawed Art of Government: Legal Discourses on Lie Detectors, Brain Scanning, and Narcoanalysis in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lokaneeta, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Law, Culture and the Humanities, 14(3): 420–438. October 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{lokaneeta_creating_2018,\n\ttitle = {Creating a {Flawed} {Art} of {Government}: {Legal} {Discourses} on {Lie} {Detectors}, {Brain} {Scanning}, and {Narcoanalysis} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1743-8721, 1743-9752},\n\tshorttitle = {Creating a {Flawed} {Art} of {Government}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1743872114559881},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1743872114559881},\n\tabstract = {In this article, I analyze the legal discourses surrounding three scientific techniques – lie detectors, brain scans, and narcoanalysis – that are currently being used in criminal investigations in India. I focus on two main themes: First, I analyze the significance of these techniques emerging in a context where custodial torture and deaths occur routinely; Second, I explore the role of the courts in assessing the techniques that were presented as an explicit shift in the mode of state power. I suggest that the legal discourses can be read as indicative both of a liberal state’s desire to modernize as well as its specifically postcolonial nature. I argue that contrary to the contention of the courts that the use of these techniques would replace torture in investigations, the edifice defended by the courts actually reflects a flawed attempt at an art of government.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Law, Culture and the Humanities},\n\tauthor = {Lokaneeta, Jinee},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Forensic Science, India, Law and Science},\n\tpages = {420--438},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this article, I analyze the legal discourses surrounding three scientific techniques – lie detectors, brain scans, and narcoanalysis – that are currently being used in criminal investigations in India. I focus on two main themes: First, I analyze the significance of these techniques emerging in a context where custodial torture and deaths occur routinely; Second, I explore the role of the courts in assessing the techniques that were presented as an explicit shift in the mode of state power. I suggest that the legal discourses can be read as indicative both of a liberal state’s desire to modernize as well as its specifically postcolonial nature. I argue that contrary to the contention of the courts that the use of these techniques would replace torture in investigations, the edifice defended by the courts actually reflects a flawed attempt at an art of government.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Beyond Conflict and Complementarity Science and Religion in Contemporary India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thomas, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 23(1): 47–64. March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{thomas_beyond_2018,\n\ttitle = {Beyond {Conflict} and {Complementarity} {Science} and {Religion} in {Contemporary} {India}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721817744444},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721817744444},\n\tabstract = {This article attempts to discuss through detailed ethnographic description, the manner in which scientists in a leading Indian scientific research institute defined and practiced religion. Instead of posing science and religion as dichotomous categories, this article demonstrates its easy coexistence within the everyday lives and practices of Indian scientists. The ‘religious’ scientists did not perceive their religiosity in opposition to science, nor did they accept the complementary view of science and religion. Likewise, the ‘atheistic’ scientists did not find any contradiction in following a ‘religious’ lifestyle and simultaneously identified themselves as atheists or non-believers. This article questions the tacit acceptance of the distinctions between science and religion and seeks to evolve new vocabularies to talk about these categories. It attempts to look at science and religion from a non-dualistic perspective. It argues that a productive way of understanding science and religion is to go beyond the conflict and complementarity models.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Thomas, Renny},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {India, Scientist},\n\tpages = {47--64},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article attempts to discuss through detailed ethnographic description, the manner in which scientists in a leading Indian scientific research institute defined and practiced religion. Instead of posing science and religion as dichotomous categories, this article demonstrates its easy coexistence within the everyday lives and practices of Indian scientists. The ‘religious’ scientists did not perceive their religiosity in opposition to science, nor did they accept the complementary view of science and religion. Likewise, the ‘atheistic’ scientists did not find any contradiction in following a ‘religious’ lifestyle and simultaneously identified themselves as atheists or non-believers. This article questions the tacit acceptance of the distinctions between science and religion and seeks to evolve new vocabularies to talk about these categories. It attempts to look at science and religion from a non-dualistic perspective. It argues that a productive way of understanding science and religion is to go beyond the conflict and complementarity models.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ‘Order’-ing Excavations: Constitution of Archaeology as Legal Evidence in the Ayodhya Case.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varghese, R. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Public Archaeology, 17(2-3): 89–109. July 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{varghese_order-ing_2018,\n\ttitle = {‘{Order}’-ing {Excavations}: {Constitution} of {Archaeology} as {Legal} {Evidence} in the {Ayodhya} {Case}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1465-5187, 1753-5530},\n\tshorttitle = {‘{Order}’-ing {Excavations}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14655187.2019.1586059},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/14655187.2019.1586059},\n\tabstract = {This paper examines the case of the court-ordered excavations at Ayodhya to understand the process by which archaeological evidence as expert opinion was reconfigured into judicial evidence in a civil lawsuit. Being an exceptional site of enquiry where two institutions of the Indian state — the High Court of Allahabad and the Archaeological Survey of India — come together, the Ayodhya case allows us to complicate the uses and abuses of archaeology. An examination of the orders and documents related to the excavations and the judgment made by the Allahabad High Court shows the production of archaeological knowledge at Ayodhya as highly mediated. The paper argues that this process is determined by the notions shared by both the institutions about archaeology-as-science and about scientific/archaeological expertise, regulated at each stage through judicial interventions and informed by the role that the Archaeological Survey of India and the archaeology profession has played in the production of a nationalist past in India. The employment of archaeology as legal evidence in the Ayodhya case is contingent upon the masking of these mediating roles.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2-3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Public Archaeology},\n\tauthor = {Varghese, Rachel A.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Archeology, Expertise, India, Law and Science, Religious Nationalism},\n\tpages = {89--109},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper examines the case of the court-ordered excavations at Ayodhya to understand the process by which archaeological evidence as expert opinion was reconfigured into judicial evidence in a civil lawsuit. Being an exceptional site of enquiry where two institutions of the Indian state — the High Court of Allahabad and the Archaeological Survey of India — come together, the Ayodhya case allows us to complicate the uses and abuses of archaeology. An examination of the orders and documents related to the excavations and the judgment made by the Allahabad High Court shows the production of archaeological knowledge at Ayodhya as highly mediated. The paper argues that this process is determined by the notions shared by both the institutions about archaeology-as-science and about scientific/archaeological expertise, regulated at each stage through judicial interventions and informed by the role that the Archaeological Survey of India and the archaeology profession has played in the production of a nationalist past in India. The employment of archaeology as legal evidence in the Ayodhya case is contingent upon the masking of these mediating roles.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Transnational History of Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, 1929–1947.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Singh, V. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of History of Science, 53(4): T167–174. November 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{singh_transnational_2018,\n\ttitle = {Transnational {History} of {Imperial} {Council} of {Agricultural} {Research}, 1929–1947},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {0019-5235},\n\turl = {http://insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol53_4_2018__Art23.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i4/49540},\n\tabstract = {The paper explores the role of Imperial Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in coordinating and controlling different agricultural research institutions in colonial India from 1929 to 1947. The paper will closely examine the debate on uniform agricultural improvement methods as per the recommendation of the Royal Commission of Agriculture (1928) that eventually culminated by 1965 in the integration of provincial research stations, commodity committees, agricultural departments and central institutions under a single institution called the ICAR (1929). Decentralized power between the centre and provinces made coordination and control of several agricultural organizations a tedious function for the ICAR to perform. The evolution of ICAR over the period of time is indicative of negotiations it made to avail central government patronage so as to confer economic outputs from its research programmes besides augmenting its relevance for enquiry. In doing so, the paper draws attention to history of agricultural institutions and their several transnational interactions to understand the power and knowledge relations between the Imperial state and its institutions. The paper points out that the utilitarian agenda of colonial research and education steered the concerns of the Indian agricultural research system during the Green Revolution years. The proposed paper will map this transformation while focusing on the transnational history of the ICAR.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Singh, Vinod Kumar},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Green Revolution in India, History of Agricultural Research, India, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Nation State, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {T167--174},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The paper explores the role of Imperial Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in coordinating and controlling different agricultural research institutions in colonial India from 1929 to 1947. The paper will closely examine the debate on uniform agricultural improvement methods as per the recommendation of the Royal Commission of Agriculture (1928) that eventually culminated by 1965 in the integration of provincial research stations, commodity committees, agricultural departments and central institutions under a single institution called the ICAR (1929). Decentralized power between the centre and provinces made coordination and control of several agricultural organizations a tedious function for the ICAR to perform. The evolution of ICAR over the period of time is indicative of negotiations it made to avail central government patronage so as to confer economic outputs from its research programmes besides augmenting its relevance for enquiry. In doing so, the paper draws attention to history of agricultural institutions and their several transnational interactions to understand the power and knowledge relations between the Imperial state and its institutions. The paper points out that the utilitarian agenda of colonial research and education steered the concerns of the Indian agricultural research system during the Green Revolution years. The proposed paper will map this transformation while focusing on the transnational history of the ICAR.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Aliens as the Other in Post-Independence Hindi Cinema.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Reddi, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Gnovis Journal, 18(2): 29–40. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{reddi_aliens_2018,\n\ttitle = {Aliens as the {Other} in {Post}-{Independence} {Hindi} {Cinema}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\turl = {https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/1050460},\n\tabstract = {This paper seeks to understand globalization as a way to interpret the shift in the portrayal of the Other as allegorized as aliens in Hindi science fiction cinema. After a brief discussion of what constitutes science fiction, the paper examines four science fiction films: Chand Par Chadayee (Sundaram 1967), Wahan Ke Log (Ansari 1967), Koi…Mil Gaya (Roshan 2003) and PK (Hirani 2014). A comparison is drawn between the films produced in the twentieth century and those produced in the twenty-first, noting the vilification of aliens in the former and the positive characterization in the latter. This shift in the portrayal of aliens is argued as a result of the liberalization of the Indian economy, the strengthening of the Indian military, and other factors that contribute to today’s globalized world.},\n\tlanguage = {en\\_US},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Gnovis Journal},\n\tauthor = {Reddi, Madhavi},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Cultural Studies of S\\&T, India, Indian Cinema, Science Fiction},\n\tpages = {29--40},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper seeks to understand globalization as a way to interpret the shift in the portrayal of the Other as allegorized as aliens in Hindi science fiction cinema. After a brief discussion of what constitutes science fiction, the paper examines four science fiction films: Chand Par Chadayee (Sundaram 1967), Wahan Ke Log (Ansari 1967), Koi…Mil Gaya (Roshan 2003) and PK (Hirani 2014). A comparison is drawn between the films produced in the twentieth century and those produced in the twenty-first, noting the vilification of aliens in the former and the positive characterization in the latter. This shift in the portrayal of aliens is argued as a result of the liberalization of the Indian economy, the strengthening of the Indian military, and other factors that contribute to today’s globalized world.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Frankenstein’s Avatars: Posthuman Monstrosity in Enthiran/Robot.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lakkad, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n , 10(2): 236–250. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{lakkad_frankensteins_2018,\n\ttitle = {Frankenstein’s {Avatars}: {Posthuman} {Monstrosity} in {Enthiran}/{Robot}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\turl = {http://rupkatha.com/V10/n2/v10n223.pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.21659/rupkatha.v10n2.23},\n\tabstract = {This paper engages with ‘Frankenstein’ as a narrative structure in Indian popular cinema, in the context of posthumanism. Scholarship pertaining to monsters/monstrosity in Indian films has generally been addressed within the horror genre. However, the present paper aspires to understand monstrosity by locating its origins in science and technology through Frankenstein-like characters, thus shifting the locus of examining monstrosity from the usual confines of horror to the domain of science fiction. The paper contends Enthiran/Robot (Shankar 2010 Tamil/Hindi) as an emblematic instance of posthuman monstrosity that employs a Frankenstein narrative. The paper hopes to bring out the significance of cinematic imagination concerning posthuman monsters, to engage with collective social fears and anxieties about various cutting-edge technologies as well as other socio-cultural concerns at the interface of science, technology, body and the society/nation.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tauthor = {Lakkad, Abhishek},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Cultural Studies of S\\&T, India, Indian Cinema, Posthumanism, Science Fiction},\n\tpages = {236--250},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper engages with ‘Frankenstein’ as a narrative structure in Indian popular cinema, in the context of posthumanism. Scholarship pertaining to monsters/monstrosity in Indian films has generally been addressed within the horror genre. However, the present paper aspires to understand monstrosity by locating its origins in science and technology through Frankenstein-like characters, thus shifting the locus of examining monstrosity from the usual confines of horror to the domain of science fiction. The paper contends Enthiran/Robot (Shankar 2010 Tamil/Hindi) as an emblematic instance of posthuman monstrosity that employs a Frankenstein narrative. The paper hopes to bring out the significance of cinematic imagination concerning posthuman monsters, to engage with collective social fears and anxieties about various cutting-edge technologies as well as other socio-cultural concerns at the interface of science, technology, body and the society/nation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Instrumental Lives: An Intimate Biography of an Indian Laboratory.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sekhsaria, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sekhsaria_instrumental_2018,\n\ttitle = {Instrumental {Lives}: {An} {Intimate} {Biography} of an {Indian} {Laboratory}},\n\tisbn = {9780429831324},\n\tshorttitle = {Instrumental {Lives}},\n\tabstract = {Instrumental Lives is an account of instrument making at the cutting edge of contemporary science and technology in a modern Indian scientific laboratory. For a period of roughly two-and-half decades, starting the late 1980s, a research group headed by CV Dharmadhikari in the physics department at the Savitribai Phule University, Pune, fabricated a range of scanning tunnelling and scanning force microscopes including the earliest such microscopes made in the country. Not only were these instruments made entirely in-house, research done using them was published in the world's leading peer reviewed journals, and students who made and trained on them went on to become top class scientists in premier institutions. The book uses qualitative research methods such as open-ended interviews, historical analysis and laboratory ethnography that are standard in Science and Technology Studies (STS), to present the micro-details of this instrument making enterprise, the counter-intuitive methods employed, and the unexpected material, human and intellectual resources that were mobilised in the process. It locates scientific research and innovation within the social, political and cultural context of a laboratory's physical location and asks important questions of the dominant narratives of innovation that remain fixated on quantitative metrics of publishing, patenting and generating commerce. The book is a story as much of the lives of instruments and their deaths as it is of the instrumentalities that make those lives possible and allow them to live on, even if with a rather precarious existence.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Sekhsaria, Pankaj},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Instrumental Lives is an account of instrument making at the cutting edge of contemporary science and technology in a modern Indian scientific laboratory. For a period of roughly two-and-half decades, starting the late 1980s, a research group headed by CV Dharmadhikari in the physics department at the Savitribai Phule University, Pune, fabricated a range of scanning tunnelling and scanning force microscopes including the earliest such microscopes made in the country. Not only were these instruments made entirely in-house, research done using them was published in the world's leading peer reviewed journals, and students who made and trained on them went on to become top class scientists in premier institutions. The book uses qualitative research methods such as open-ended interviews, historical analysis and laboratory ethnography that are standard in Science and Technology Studies (STS), to present the micro-details of this instrument making enterprise, the counter-intuitive methods employed, and the unexpected material, human and intellectual resources that were mobilised in the process. It locates scientific research and innovation within the social, political and cultural context of a laboratory's physical location and asks important questions of the dominant narratives of innovation that remain fixated on quantitative metrics of publishing, patenting and generating commerce. The book is a story as much of the lives of instruments and their deaths as it is of the instrumentalities that make those lives possible and allow them to live on, even if with a rather precarious existence.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Expectations versus Reality: A Case of Internet in Nepal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Regmi, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 82(1): 1–20. September 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{regmi_expectations_2017,\n\ttitle = {Expectations versus {Reality}: {A} {Case} of {Internet} in {Nepal}},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\tcopyright = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions\\#vor},\n\tissn = {1681-4835, 1681-4835},\n\tshorttitle = {Expectations versus {Reality}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2017.tb00607.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/j.1681-4835.2017.tb00607.x},\n\tabstract = {The relation between Internet and development rests on the preconditions of minimum access, quality, affordability and many more. Presenting the picture of access, quality, and affordability, we raise doubts that Nepali internet infrastructure in its present form has any contribution to economic development. The Nepali policy circle also has felt the necessity of proliferating Internet access and use. But we argue major targets of the Nepali ICT policies are detached from the reality and hence failure prone. The formulation of a robust ICT policy cannot bypass the analyses of actualities of the demand side. There is a dearth of detailed statistics of ICT access, use, and affordability in Nepal. We thus recommend the government should conduct a census of ICT access, use, and affordability that would help the formulation of more grounded policies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-09-10},\n\tjournal = {The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries},\n\tauthor = {Regmi, Nischal},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {ICT, Nepal, S\\&T Policy, Technology \\& Society, Telecommunications},\n\tpages = {1--20},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The relation between Internet and development rests on the preconditions of minimum access, quality, affordability and many more. Presenting the picture of access, quality, and affordability, we raise doubts that Nepali internet infrastructure in its present form has any contribution to economic development. The Nepali policy circle also has felt the necessity of proliferating Internet access and use. But we argue major targets of the Nepali ICT policies are detached from the reality and hence failure prone. The formulation of a robust ICT policy cannot bypass the analyses of actualities of the demand side. There is a dearth of detailed statistics of ICT access, use, and affordability in Nepal. We thus recommend the government should conduct a census of ICT access, use, and affordability that would help the formulation of more grounded policies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Bengali Pharaoh: Upper-Caste Aryanism, Pan-Egyptianism, and the Contested History of Biometric Nationalism in Twentieth-Century Bengal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Comparative Studies in Society and History, 59(2): 446–476. April 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{mukharji_bengali_2017,\n\ttitle = {The {Bengali} {Pharaoh}: {Upper}-{Caste} {Aryanism}, {Pan}-{Egyptianism}, and the {Contested} {History} of {Biometric} {Nationalism} in {Twentieth}-{Century} {Bengal}},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {0010-4175, 1475-2999},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Bengali} {Pharaoh}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history/article/bengali-pharaoh-uppercaste-aryanism-panegyptianism-and-the-contested-history-of-biometric-nationalism-in-twentiethcentury-bengal/37417F64E39C96FED199F428E3EEF870},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S001041751700010X},\n\tabstract = {Extant South Asian histories of race, and more specifically biometrics, focus almost exclusively upon the colonial era and especially the nineteenth century. Yet an increasing number of ethnographic accounts observe that Indian scientists have enthusiastically embraced the resurgent raciology engendered by genomic research into human variation. What is sorely lacking is a historical account of how raciology fared in the late colonial and early postcolonial periods, roughly the period between the decline of craniometry and the rise of genomics. It is this history that I explore in this article. I argue that anthropometry, far from being a purely colonial science, was adopted by Indian nationalists quite early on. Various distinctive shades of biometric nationalism publicly competed from the 1920s onward. To counter any sense that biometric nationalism was teleologically inevitable, I contrast it with a radical alternative called “craftology” that emerged on the margins of formal academia amongst scholars practicing what I call “vernacular anthropology.” Craftology and biometric nationalism continued to compete, contrast, and selectively entangle with each other until almost the end of the twentieth century.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {Comparative Studies in Society and History},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Biometrics, Folklore, India, Physical Anthropology, Race, non-aligned movement},\n\tpages = {446--476},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Extant South Asian histories of race, and more specifically biometrics, focus almost exclusively upon the colonial era and especially the nineteenth century. Yet an increasing number of ethnographic accounts observe that Indian scientists have enthusiastically embraced the resurgent raciology engendered by genomic research into human variation. What is sorely lacking is a historical account of how raciology fared in the late colonial and early postcolonial periods, roughly the period between the decline of craniometry and the rise of genomics. It is this history that I explore in this article. I argue that anthropometry, far from being a purely colonial science, was adopted by Indian nationalists quite early on. Various distinctive shades of biometric nationalism publicly competed from the 1920s onward. To counter any sense that biometric nationalism was teleologically inevitable, I contrast it with a radical alternative called “craftology” that emerged on the margins of formal academia amongst scholars practicing what I call “vernacular anthropology.” Craftology and biometric nationalism continued to compete, contrast, and selectively entangle with each other until almost the end of the twentieth century.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Contested Knowledge: Science, Media and Democracy in Kerala.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2017.\n Google-Books-ID: P0VaMQAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{varughese_contested_2017,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Contested {Knowledge}: {Science}, {Media} and {Democracy} in {Kerala}},\n\tisbn = {9780199469123},\n\tshorttitle = {Contested {Knowledge}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199469123.001.0001},\n\tabstract = {Science communication, once the exclusive preserve of a scientific elite, has not been immune to the growing influence of mass media over society. As mass media becomes the most prominent site of public deliberation over science, multiple voices-both expert and non-expert-have begun to emerge, rewriting the social contract of science. In the new millennium, the Indian state of Kerala saw a number of scientific controversies being discussed in the regional newspapers. Set against the backdrop of case studies of three major public controversies, Contested Knowledge explores how these mediated disputes brought the otherwise hidden dynamics of scientific knowledge production into full public view. It examines critical questions about 'medialized science', such as: What is a scientific-citizenry? How did a 'scientific public sphere' develop in Kerala? How does public contestation of knowledge contribute to deliberative democracy by re-instilling politics into science? Are there limits to such a democratization of science? A fascinating commentary on the relation between science and society, this volume is a pioneering work that analyses the science-media-public interaction in a non-Western context.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: P0VaMQAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Citizen science, Citizenship, Civic Epistemology, Content Analysis, Controversy over Science and Technology, Deliberative Democracy, Democracy, India, Interview Method, Kerala, Media and science, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Public Understanding of Science, Public controversy over S\\&T, Public sphere, Publics},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science communication, once the exclusive preserve of a scientific elite, has not been immune to the growing influence of mass media over society. As mass media becomes the most prominent site of public deliberation over science, multiple voices-both expert and non-expert-have begun to emerge, rewriting the social contract of science. In the new millennium, the Indian state of Kerala saw a number of scientific controversies being discussed in the regional newspapers. Set against the backdrop of case studies of three major public controversies, Contested Knowledge explores how these mediated disputes brought the otherwise hidden dynamics of scientific knowledge production into full public view. It examines critical questions about 'medialized science', such as: What is a scientific-citizenry? How did a 'scientific public sphere' develop in Kerala? How does public contestation of knowledge contribute to deliberative democracy by re-instilling politics into science? Are there limits to such a democratization of science? A fascinating commentary on the relation between science and society, this volume is a pioneering work that analyses the science-media-public interaction in a non-Western context.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A Lifetime of Moulding Technology and Science Policy in India: A Festschrift in Honour of Professor Ashok Parthasarathi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kapila, R.; and Chaturvedi, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Academic Foundation, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kapila_lifetime_2017,\n\ttitle = {A {Lifetime} of {Moulding} {Technology} and {Science} {Policy} in {India}: {A} {Festschrift} in {Honour} of {Professor} {Ashok} {Parthasarathi}},\n\tisbn = {9789332703551},\n\tshorttitle = {A {Lifetime} of {Moulding} {Technology} and {Science} {Policy} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {The present festschrift on Professor Ashok Parthasarathi, a physicist, electronics engineer, S\\&T policy researcher and S\\&T policy maker, is a tribute to a great visionary and true scientist from his colleagues, associates, students and professional friends from academia, public policy making, practitioners and the media. The volume recollects many interesting facets of the illustrious career of Professor Parthasarathi.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Academic Foundation},\n\tauthor = {Kapila, Rituraj and Chaturvedi, Sachin},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Festschrift, Parthasarathi, Ashok, Policy making, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Scientific Advice, State \\& Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The present festschrift on Professor Ashok Parthasarathi, a physicist, electronics engineer, S&T policy researcher and S&T policy maker, is a tribute to a great visionary and true scientist from his colleagues, associates, students and professional friends from academia, public policy making, practitioners and the media. The volume recollects many interesting facets of the illustrious career of Professor Parthasarathi.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Triple Helix Model of Innovation and the Politics of Genetically Modified Crops: Cases of Bt Cotton and Bt Brinjal in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumari, M.; and Mallick, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 16(4): 434–460. August 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{kumari_triple_2017,\n\ttitle = {Triple {Helix} {Model} of {Innovation} and the {Politics} of {Genetically} {Modified} {Crops}: {Cases} of {Bt} {Cotton} and {Bt} {Brinjal} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1569-1500, 1569-1497},\n\tshorttitle = {Triple {Helix} {Model} of {Innovation} and the {Politics} of {Genetically} {Modified} {Crops}},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/view/journals/pgdt/16/4/article-p434_5.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1163/15691497-12341443},\n\tabstract = {The construal of genetically modified (gm) crops is not just scientific or technological, but also inherently political. This article attempts to understand the implications of proprietary technologies in agriculture in India where two gm crops namely Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) brinjal are analyzed. It critically examines how different normative institutional frameworks and ideologies are deeply embedded in the way diverse actors select their research questions. Further, an attempt is made to unfurl the debates on the policies of biotechnology, in general and Bt crops, in particular. It then moves onto capturing the networking between the government, academia and industry with reference to gm crops, particularly Bt cotton and Bt brinjal. In-depth personal interviews with 81 plant biotechnologists in the government, academic, and private research and development (R\\&D) institutions in India were conducted to ascertain the views of various stakeholders about Bt crops in agriculture in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Perspectives on Global Development and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Kumari, Madhulika and Mallick, Sambit},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Biotechnology, Bt Brinjal, Bt Cotton, GMOs, Genetic Engineering, India, Triple Helix model of innovation},\n\tpages = {434--460},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The construal of genetically modified (gm) crops is not just scientific or technological, but also inherently political. This article attempts to understand the implications of proprietary technologies in agriculture in India where two gm crops namely Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) brinjal are analyzed. It critically examines how different normative institutional frameworks and ideologies are deeply embedded in the way diverse actors select their research questions. Further, an attempt is made to unfurl the debates on the policies of biotechnology, in general and Bt crops, in particular. It then moves onto capturing the networking between the government, academia and industry with reference to gm crops, particularly Bt cotton and Bt brinjal. In-depth personal interviews with 81 plant biotechnologists in the government, academic, and private research and development (R&D) institutions in India were conducted to ascertain the views of various stakeholders about Bt crops in agriculture in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From the Commission to the Mission Model: Technology Czars and the Indian Middle Class.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Asian Studies, 76(3): 675–696. August 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{abraham_commission_2017,\n\ttitle = {From the {Commission} to the {Mission} {Model}: {Technology} {Czars} and the {Indian} {Middle} {Class}},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tissn = {0021-9118, 1752-0401},\n\tshorttitle = {From the {Commission} to the {Mission} {Model}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/abs/from-the-commission-to-the-mission-model-technology-czars-and-the-indian-middle-class/A983CD0B3E62F4133A522759AD8AC389#},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0021911817000146},\n\tabstract = {This article identifies a major transformation in India's approach to strategic technology development from an earlier Commission model, epitomized by atomic energy, that seeks the enhancement of sovereign power, to a Mission model, epitomized by telecommunications, directed toward the furthering of biopolitical power. It compares five strategic industries in India—atomic energy, space, electronics, biotechnology and telecommunications—and shows that no single factor is responsible for technological success or failure. Outcomes depend on the strength of political networks, the structure and maturity of the industry, the extent of bureaucratic resistance, and the technological strategy adopted. This finding contests the widely held perspective that success in strategic technology development is the product of the extraordinary efforts of a single individual, a technology “czar,” and explains the persistence of this narrative by highlighting the role of technoscience in mediating a highly ambivalent relation between the Indian middle class and the state.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Asian Studies},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Itty},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Atomic Energy, Bhargava, Pushpa, Electronics, Menon. MGK, Pitroda, Sam, Social History of Technology, State \\& Science, Technology \\& Society, Telecommunications},\n\tpages = {675--696},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article identifies a major transformation in India's approach to strategic technology development from an earlier Commission model, epitomized by atomic energy, that seeks the enhancement of sovereign power, to a Mission model, epitomized by telecommunications, directed toward the furthering of biopolitical power. It compares five strategic industries in India—atomic energy, space, electronics, biotechnology and telecommunications—and shows that no single factor is responsible for technological success or failure. Outcomes depend on the strength of political networks, the structure and maturity of the industry, the extent of bureaucratic resistance, and the technological strategy adopted. This finding contests the widely held perspective that success in strategic technology development is the product of the extraordinary efforts of a single individual, a technology “czar,” and explains the persistence of this narrative by highlighting the role of technoscience in mediating a highly ambivalent relation between the Indian middle class and the state.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Values in Motion: Anti-Counterfeiting Measures and the Securitization of Pharmaceutical Flows.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Quet, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Cultural Economy, 10(2): 150–162. March 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{quet_values_2017,\n\ttitle = {Values in {Motion}: {Anti}-{Counterfeiting} {Measures} and the {Securitization} of {Pharmaceutical} {Flows}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1753-0350, 1753-0369},\n\tshorttitle = {Values in motion},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17530350.2016.1258001},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17530350.2016.1258001},\n\tabstract = {The past decade has seen an increase in anti-counterfeiting practices, especially in the pharmaceutical field. These practices aim at reducing the number of bad medicines available on the market, especially in countries where pharmaceutical regulation is still weak. But they have been accused of serving the interests of Big Pharma by reinforcing intellectual property instead of promoting better quality medicines. Based on a study of the controversies provoked by anti-counterfeiting laws and devices, this paper analyses anti-counterfeiting politics and shows: (a) the aim of this mode of government is to discriminate between medicines in order to regulate the value attached to distribution processes and (b) the tensions and contradictions which characterize anti-counterfeiting discourses and practices. As such, a central characteristic of pharmaceutical markets is the shift of value conflicts towards circulation and distribution rather than production. The securitization of pharmaceutical flows, rather than being in addition to the production of pharmaceuticals, emerges as a new disputed way of producing economic value, legality and social legitimacy for globalized technical commodities such as medicines.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Cultural Economy},\n\tauthor = {Quet, Mathieu},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Controversy over Science and Technology, Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, Health Activism, Health System, Healthcare, India, Kenya},\n\tpages = {150--162},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The past decade has seen an increase in anti-counterfeiting practices, especially in the pharmaceutical field. These practices aim at reducing the number of bad medicines available on the market, especially in countries where pharmaceutical regulation is still weak. But they have been accused of serving the interests of Big Pharma by reinforcing intellectual property instead of promoting better quality medicines. Based on a study of the controversies provoked by anti-counterfeiting laws and devices, this paper analyses anti-counterfeiting politics and shows: (a) the aim of this mode of government is to discriminate between medicines in order to regulate the value attached to distribution processes and (b) the tensions and contradictions which characterize anti-counterfeiting discourses and practices. As such, a central characteristic of pharmaceutical markets is the shift of value conflicts towards circulation and distribution rather than production. The securitization of pharmaceutical flows, rather than being in addition to the production of pharmaceuticals, emerges as a new disputed way of producing economic value, legality and social legitimacy for globalized technical commodities such as medicines.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Pharmocracy: Value, Politics, and Knowledge in Global Biomedicine.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rajan, K. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Duke University Press, Durham, March 2017.\n Google-Books-ID: Vn42DgAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rajan_pharmocracy_2017,\n\taddress = {Durham},\n\ttitle = {Pharmocracy: {Value}, {Politics}, and {Knowledge} in {Global} {Biomedicine}},\n\tisbn = {9780822373285},\n\tshorttitle = {Pharmocracy},\n\tabstract = {Continuing his pioneering theoretical explorations into the relationships among biosciences, the market, and political economy, Kaushik Sunder Rajan introduces the concept of pharmocracy to explain the structure and operation of the global hegemony of the multinational pharmaceutical industry. He reveals pharmocracy's logic in two case studies from contemporary India: the controversial introduction of an HPV vaccine in 2010, and the Indian Patent Office's denial of a patent for an anticancer drug in 2006 and ensuing legal battles. In each instance health was appropriated by capital and transformed from an embodied state of well-being into an abstract category made subject to capital's interests. These cases demonstrate the precarious situation in which pharmocracy places democracy, as India's accommodation of global pharmaceutical regulatory frameworks pits the interests of its citizens against those of international capital. Sunder Rajan's insights into this dynamic make clear the high stakes of pharmocracy's intersection with health, politics, and democracy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Rajan, Kaushik Sunder},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Vn42DgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Bio-medicine, Biocapitalism, Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, Governance, Liberalisation, Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Industry, Regulatory Science, Science and Democracy, Science and State, Vaccine Development},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Continuing his pioneering theoretical explorations into the relationships among biosciences, the market, and political economy, Kaushik Sunder Rajan introduces the concept of pharmocracy to explain the structure and operation of the global hegemony of the multinational pharmaceutical industry. He reveals pharmocracy's logic in two case studies from contemporary India: the controversial introduction of an HPV vaccine in 2010, and the Indian Patent Office's denial of a patent for an anticancer drug in 2006 and ensuing legal battles. In each instance health was appropriated by capital and transformed from an embodied state of well-being into an abstract category made subject to capital's interests. These cases demonstrate the precarious situation in which pharmocracy places democracy, as India's accommodation of global pharmaceutical regulatory frameworks pits the interests of its citizens against those of international capital. Sunder Rajan's insights into this dynamic make clear the high stakes of pharmocracy's intersection with health, politics, and democracy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Mysticism and East-West Dialogue.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Job, K.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, New Dellhi, 2017.\n Google-Books-ID: ezuqAQAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{job_science_2017,\n\taddress = {New Dellhi},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Mysticism} and {East}-{West} {Dialogue}},\n\tisbn = {9788184655476},\n\tabstract = {Popular perception still persists that science and mysticism do not and cannot mix; they belong to two very different worlds. In light of recent developments, particularly in the sciences, the fourteen original papers by international scholars from the East and the West argue that this perception can no longer be sustained. It is becoming more and more evident that the reach of the human mind extends far beyond what can be captured either by the senses or narrow, rigid logic and rationality. Below and beyond the world of science there exists a serene, real world of intuition and insight which is a rich mine of knowledge and wisdom. Recent studies and research show that mystics of all times and all places have had a special access to this world. Today the consensus is gradually emerging that both scientists and mystics share the common mission of being seekers of truth, and their findings are complementary rather than contradictory. This volume also points out that this constructive blending of science and mysticism can serve as an effective catalyst for a meaningful and enriching East-West dialogue.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge},\n\teditor = {Job, Kozhamthadam},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ezuqAQAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Mysticism, Science \\& Culture, Science and Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Popular perception still persists that science and mysticism do not and cannot mix; they belong to two very different worlds. In light of recent developments, particularly in the sciences, the fourteen original papers by international scholars from the East and the West argue that this perception can no longer be sustained. It is becoming more and more evident that the reach of the human mind extends far beyond what can be captured either by the senses or narrow, rigid logic and rationality. Below and beyond the world of science there exists a serene, real world of intuition and insight which is a rich mine of knowledge and wisdom. Recent studies and research show that mystics of all times and all places have had a special access to this world. Today the consensus is gradually emerging that both scientists and mystics share the common mission of being seekers of truth, and their findings are complementary rather than contradictory. This volume also points out that this constructive blending of science and mysticism can serve as an effective catalyst for a meaningful and enriching East-West dialogue.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Woman Mathematician in India: An Autobiographical Account.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Venkataraman, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 52(17): 61–66. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{venkataraman_woman_2017,\n\ttitle = {Woman {Mathematician} in {India}: {An} {Autobiographical} {Account}},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tshorttitle = {Woman {Mathematician} in {India}},\n\turl = {http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/17/review-womens-studies/woman-mathematician-india.html},\n\tabstract = {An autobiographical account of being a woman mathematician in India draws on personal experiences to look at the interactions between gender, caste, class, language, and mathematics. The aim is to look beyond the lack of numbers when we consider women in science and to examine the myriad layers that are a part of any such reflection. Maybe, coming from a particular caste background aided in becoming a mathematician, but being from the South in North India created another set of problems. Mathematics, however, was the safe haven within which much of this played out, or was it?},\n\tnumber = {17},\n\turldate = {2017-05-08},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Venkataraman, Geetha},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Gender \\& Science, Institutions, Mathematics, Women in science},\n\tpages = {61--66},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n An autobiographical account of being a woman mathematician in India draws on personal experiences to look at the interactions between gender, caste, class, language, and mathematics. The aim is to look beyond the lack of numbers when we consider women in science and to examine the myriad layers that are a part of any such reflection. Maybe, coming from a particular caste background aided in becoming a mathematician, but being from the South in North India created another set of problems. Mathematics, however, was the safe haven within which much of this played out, or was it?\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Learning to Belong as an Indian Physicist.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rao, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 52(17): 45–51. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{rao_learning_2017,\n\ttitle = {Learning to {Belong} as an {Indian} {Physicist}},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tshorttitle = {Learning to {Belong} as an {Indian} {Physicist}},\n\turl = {http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/17/review-womens-studies/learning-belong-indian-physicist.html},\n\tabstract = {In this article, I map out my trajectory as a theoretical physicist, especially highlighting my experiences as a woman in a domain which is especially male-dominated, even more so than in other areas of science research. I reflect on the larger problems women in physics find themselves up against and which range from fewer numbers of women in these areas of science, to integration of women into peer groups, widely prevalent sexist attitudes in their workspaces, lack of support facilities like childcare, and sexual harassment in the workplace. In spite of more women finding jobs in physics in recent years, the attitudinal shifts required to make a genuine difference in the culture of research have not yet fallen into place. Issues of discrimination, whether due to gender, race or caste, prevalent in science have to do with institutional structures and the culture of research. However, the “hard” sciences like physics deal with immutable, objective knowledge, which is itself not marked by these human discriminants.},\n\tnumber = {17},\n\turldate = {2017-05-08},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Rao, Sumathi},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Feminist STS, Gender \\& Science, Institutions, Physics, Scientific Community, Women in science},\n\tpages = {45--51},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this article, I map out my trajectory as a theoretical physicist, especially highlighting my experiences as a woman in a domain which is especially male-dominated, even more so than in other areas of science research. I reflect on the larger problems women in physics find themselves up against and which range from fewer numbers of women in these areas of science, to integration of women into peer groups, widely prevalent sexist attitudes in their workspaces, lack of support facilities like childcare, and sexual harassment in the workplace. In spite of more women finding jobs in physics in recent years, the attitudinal shifts required to make a genuine difference in the culture of research have not yet fallen into place. Issues of discrimination, whether due to gender, race or caste, prevalent in science have to do with institutional structures and the culture of research. However, the “hard” sciences like physics deal with immutable, objective knowledge, which is itself not marked by these human discriminants.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Meghnad Saha: His Life in Science and Politics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Naik, P. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Springer, Gewerbestrass, Switzerland, September 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{naik_meghnad_2017,\n\taddress = {Gewerbestrass, Switzerland},\n\ttitle = {Meghnad {Saha}: {His} {Life} in {Science} and {Politics}},\n\tisbn = {9783319621029},\n\tshorttitle = {Meghnad {Saha}},\n\tabstract = {This biography is a short yet comprehensive overview of the life of Meghnad Saha, the mastermind behind the frequently used Saha equations and a strong contributor to the foundation of science in India. The author explores the lesser known details behind the man who played a major role in building scientific institutions in India, developed the breakthrough theory of thermal ionization, and whose fervor about India’s rapid progress in science and technology, along with concern for uplifting his countrymen and optimizing resources, led him to eventually enter politics and identify the mismanagement of many programs of national importance to Parliament. This book is free of most academic technicalities, so that the reader with general scientific knowledge can read and understand it easily. One interested only in Saha’s contribution to physics can pick up just that part and read it. Conversely, the average reader may skip the technical chapters, and read the book without loss of continuity or generality to still get a coherent picture. This work touches on all aspects of Saha’s multidimensional personality, which overflows in the pages of his periodical, Science and Culture,as well as his many speeches, debates and discussions in Parliament, all of which is appropriately conveyed in this book.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Springer},\n\tauthor = {Naik, Pramod V.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Astrophysics, Biography, India, Intellectual History, Physics, Saha, MN},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This biography is a short yet comprehensive overview of the life of Meghnad Saha, the mastermind behind the frequently used Saha equations and a strong contributor to the foundation of science in India. The author explores the lesser known details behind the man who played a major role in building scientific institutions in India, developed the breakthrough theory of thermal ionization, and whose fervor about India’s rapid progress in science and technology, along with concern for uplifting his countrymen and optimizing resources, led him to eventually enter politics and identify the mismanagement of many programs of national importance to Parliament. This book is free of most academic technicalities, so that the reader with general scientific knowledge can read and understand it easily. One interested only in Saha’s contribution to physics can pick up just that part and read it. Conversely, the average reader may skip the technical chapters, and read the book without loss of continuity or generality to still get a coherent picture. This work touches on all aspects of Saha’s multidimensional personality, which overflows in the pages of his periodical, Science and Culture,as well as his many speeches, debates and discussions in Parliament, all of which is appropriately conveyed in this book.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Olden Times: Watches, Watchmaking, and Temporal Culture in Calcutta, c. 1757–1857.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In On Modern Indian Sensibilities. Routledge India, London, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{mukharji_olden_2017,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {Olden {Times}: {Watches}, {Watchmaking}, and {Temporal} {Culture} in {Calcutta}, c. 1757–1857},\n\tisbn = {9781351190510},\n\tshorttitle = {Olden times},\n\tabstract = {Uncovering a long history of watchmaking in Calcutta under John Company, the chapter questions the necessary historical connection that has been posited between time-sense, watches, and industrial capitalism. A closer attention to the actual histories of watches and watchmaking, the author argues, leads us to a unique economy of aesthetic sensibilities rather than the teleological origins of a new, disciplined time-sense.},\n\tbooktitle = {On {Modern} {Indian} {Sensibilities}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge India},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Calcutta, India, Technology \\& Society, Watch making},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Uncovering a long history of watchmaking in Calcutta under John Company, the chapter questions the necessary historical connection that has been posited between time-sense, watches, and industrial capitalism. A closer attention to the actual histories of watches and watchmaking, the author argues, leads us to a unique economy of aesthetic sensibilities rather than the teleological origins of a new, disciplined time-sense.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Evolution of Colonial Science in India: Natural History and the East India Company.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In MacKenzie, J. M., editor(s), Imperialism and the Natural World, pages 51–66. Manchester University Press, Manchester, March 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@incollection{kumar_evolution_2017,\n\taddress = {Manchester},\n\ttitle = {The {Evolution} of {Colonial} {Science} in {India}: {Natural} {History} and the {East} {India} {Company}},\n\tisbn = {9781526123671},\n\tshorttitle = {The evolution of colonial science in {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526123671/9781526123671.00007.xml},\n\tabstract = {A study of the evolution of colonial science is perhaps as relevant and instructive as the study of colonialism itself. Colonisation primarily meant exploration and exploitation. Natural resources were the star attraction and this brought the practitioners of natural history into the limelight. Lord Wellesley recorded the illustration and improvement of Natural History of India which embraces an object so extensive as the description of the principal part of the Animal Kingdom is worthy of the munificence and liberality of the English East India Company. The economic value of the geological investigations proved of immediate concern to the Company, with the coalfields of India looming large. Pre-British India had nothing like a scientific society, not to say a journal, which could provide some sort of a platform for scientific workers.},\n\tlanguage = {en\\_US},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tbooktitle = {Imperialism and the {Natural} {World}},\n\tpublisher = {Manchester University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\teditor = {MacKenzie, John M.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonial Science, East India Company, Natural History, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {51--66},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A study of the evolution of colonial science is perhaps as relevant and instructive as the study of colonialism itself. Colonisation primarily meant exploration and exploitation. Natural resources were the star attraction and this brought the practitioners of natural history into the limelight. Lord Wellesley recorded the illustration and improvement of Natural History of India which embraces an object so extensive as the description of the principal part of the Animal Kingdom is worthy of the munificence and liberality of the English East India Company. The economic value of the geological investigations proved of immediate concern to the Company, with the coalfields of India looming large. Pre-British India had nothing like a scientific society, not to say a journal, which could provide some sort of a platform for scientific workers.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Networks of Knowledge, or Spaces of Circulation? The Birth of British Cartography in Colonial South Asia in the Late Eighteenth Century.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raj, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Intellectual History, 2(1): 49–66. January 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raj_networks_2017,\n\ttitle = {Networks of {Knowledge}, or {Spaces} of {Circulation}? {The} {Birth} of {British} {Cartography} in {Colonial} {South} {Asia} in the {Late} {Eighteenth} {Century}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {2380-1883, 2380-1891},\n\tshorttitle = {Networks of knowledge, or spaces of circulation?},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23801883.2017.1332883},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/23801883.2017.1332883},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {Global Intellectual History},\n\tauthor = {Raj, Kapil},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Cartography, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Intellectual History, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science, South Asia},\n\tpages = {49--66},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Information Determinism: The Consequences of the Faith in Information.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Srinivasan, J.; Finn, M.; and Ames, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Information Society, 33(1): 13–22. January 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{srinivasan_information_2017,\n\ttitle = {Information {Determinism}: {The} {Consequences} of the {Faith} in {Information}},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\tissn = {0197-2243, 1087-6537},\n\tshorttitle = {Information determinism},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01972243.2016.1248613},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01972243.2016.1248613},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {The Information Society},\n\tauthor = {Srinivasan, Janaki and Finn, Megan and Ames, Morgan},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Digital STS, India, Information \\& Communication Technology, Right to Information},\n\tpages = {13--22},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Des Microbes à Vocation Gandhienne Dans un Digesteur à Biogaz: Digestion Anaérobie et Evolution de la Recherche sur la Technologie du Biogaz.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; and Chanakya, H. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Techniques & culture, (67): 154–175. June 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raina_microbes_2017,\n\ttitle = {Des {Microbes} à {Vocation} {Gandhienne} {Dans} un {Digesteur} à {Biogaz}: {Digestion} {Anaérobie} et {Evolution} de la {Recherche} sur la {Technologie} du {Biogaz}},\n\tissn = {0248-6016, 1952-420X},\n\tshorttitle = {Des microbes à vocation gandhienne dans un digesteur à biogaz},\n\turl = {http://journals.openedition.org/tc/8481},\n\tdoi = {10.4000/tc.8481},\n\tabstract = {Title: A History of Technological Contingencies:\nAnaerobic Digestion and the Evolution of Research on Biogas Technology\n\nHistorians and philosophers of technology on the one hand and sociologists of technology on the other have long grappled with theorising the mechanisms of technological evolution or the determinants of technological innovation. This paper attempts to understand when technologies considered obsolete or shelved are redrawn into the technology development cycle. This it does through an exploration of one of the trajectories of research on anaerobic fermentation and the evolution of biogas technologies at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore over a period of fifty years. The paper maps the interlocking of endogenous factors and externalities, that repeatedly pulled the technology out of what may have been construed as obsolescence or the end of the technology development cycle. Edgerton’s notion of a `use-centred history’ provides a conceptual rubric for an alternative framing that overcomes the limitations of the distinctions drawn between high-tech and low-tech, as well as modern and traditional technologies. What commenced as research on anaerobic digestion for one specific end-use, subsequently evolves along several paths of dendritic extension towards a multiplicity of end-uses and a diversification of materials subject to anaerobic digestion.},\n\tlanguage = {French},\n\tnumber = {67},\n\turldate = {2024-04-13},\n\tjournal = {Techniques \\& culture},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and Chanakya, Hoysala N.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {India, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {154--175},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Title: A History of Technological Contingencies: Anaerobic Digestion and the Evolution of Research on Biogas Technology Historians and philosophers of technology on the one hand and sociologists of technology on the other have long grappled with theorising the mechanisms of technological evolution or the determinants of technological innovation. This paper attempts to understand when technologies considered obsolete or shelved are redrawn into the technology development cycle. This it does through an exploration of one of the trajectories of research on anaerobic fermentation and the evolution of biogas technologies at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore over a period of fifty years. The paper maps the interlocking of endogenous factors and externalities, that repeatedly pulled the technology out of what may have been construed as obsolescence or the end of the technology development cycle. Edgerton’s notion of a `use-centred history’ provides a conceptual rubric for an alternative framing that overcomes the limitations of the distinctions drawn between high-tech and low-tech, as well as modern and traditional technologies. What commenced as research on anaerobic digestion for one specific end-use, subsequently evolves along several paths of dendritic extension towards a multiplicity of end-uses and a diversification of materials subject to anaerobic digestion.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Malarial Subjects: Empire, Medicine and Nonhumans in British India, 1820–1909.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Roy, R. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, September 2017.\n Google-Books-ID: Dh4xDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{roy_malarial_2017,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Malarial {Subjects}: {Empire}, {Medicine} and {Nonhumans} in {British} {India}, 1820–1909},\n\tisbn = {9781107172364},\n\tshorttitle = {Malarial {Subjects}},\n\tabstract = {Malaria was considered one of the most widespread disease-causing entities in the nineteenth century. It was associated with a variety of frailties far beyond fevers, ranging from idiocy to impotence. And yet, it was not a self-contained category. The reconsolidation of malaria as a diagnostic category during this period happened within a wider context in which cinchona plants and their most valuable extract, quinine, were reinforced as objects of natural knowledge and social control. In India, the exigencies and apparatuses of British imperial rule occasioned the close interactions between these histories. In the process, British imperial rule became entangled with a network of nonhumans that included, apart from cinchona plants and the drug quinine, a range of objects described as malarial, as well as mosquitoes. Malarial Subjects explores this history of the co-constitution of a cure and disease, of British colonial rule and nonhumans, and of science, medicine and empire.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Roy, Rohan Deb},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Dh4xDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {British India, British Naturalists, Colonial Disease, Colonial Medicine, Colonialism, Malaria, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Medicine, Tropical Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Malaria was considered one of the most widespread disease-causing entities in the nineteenth century. It was associated with a variety of frailties far beyond fevers, ranging from idiocy to impotence. And yet, it was not a self-contained category. The reconsolidation of malaria as a diagnostic category during this period happened within a wider context in which cinchona plants and their most valuable extract, quinine, were reinforced as objects of natural knowledge and social control. In India, the exigencies and apparatuses of British imperial rule occasioned the close interactions between these histories. In the process, British imperial rule became entangled with a network of nonhumans that included, apart from cinchona plants and the drug quinine, a range of objects described as malarial, as well as mosquitoes. Malarial Subjects explores this history of the co-constitution of a cure and disease, of British colonial rule and nonhumans, and of science, medicine and empire.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vernacularizing the Body: Informational Egalitarianism, Hindu Divine Design, and Race in Physiology Schoolbooks, Bengal 1859–1877.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 91(3): 554–585. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_vernacularizing_2017,\n\ttitle = {Vernacularizing the {Body}: {Informational} {Egalitarianism}, {Hindu} {Divine} {Design}, and {Race} in {Physiology} {Schoolbooks}, {Bengal} 1859–1877},\n\tvolume = {91},\n\tissn = {1086-3176},\n\tshorttitle = {Vernacularizing the {Body}},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/674945},\n\tabstract = {Government-aided vernacular schools introduced "human physiology" as a subject in 1859. I use the first couple of schoolbooks and the debate running up to the introduction of the subject to open up the particular and specific histories through which modern anatomo-physiological knowledge was vernacularized in colonial Bengal. In so doing I have two interconnected goals in this article. My first goal is to analyze the precocious decision to teach human physiology to colonial schoolboys, at a time when this was the norm neither in Great Britain nor indeed in traditional Bengali schools. My second goal is to use this case to further develop "vernacularization" as a conceptual tool. In pursuing these twin objectives, I simultaneously hope to move the debate on modern anatomo-physiological knowledge in South Asia away from the level of epistemic superiority and onto-politics to the level of concrete historical particularities.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of the History of Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Colonialism, India, Physiology, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Science Education, Textbooks},\n\tpages = {554--585},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Government-aided vernacular schools introduced \"human physiology\" as a subject in 1859. I use the first couple of schoolbooks and the debate running up to the introduction of the subject to open up the particular and specific histories through which modern anatomo-physiological knowledge was vernacularized in colonial Bengal. In so doing I have two interconnected goals in this article. My first goal is to analyze the precocious decision to teach human physiology to colonial schoolboys, at a time when this was the norm neither in Great Britain nor indeed in traditional Bengali schools. My second goal is to use this case to further develop \"vernacularization\" as a conceptual tool. In pursuing these twin objectives, I simultaneously hope to move the debate on modern anatomo-physiological knowledge in South Asia away from the level of epistemic superiority and onto-politics to the level of concrete historical particularities.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Surveying and Scientific Authority: The Brothers Schlagintweit in ‘India and High Asia’, 1854–57.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarkar, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 40(3): 544–565. July 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sarkar_science_2017,\n\ttitle = {Science, {Surveying} and {Scientific} {Authority}: {The} {Brothers} {Schlagintweit} in ‘{India} and {High} {Asia}’, 1854–57},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {0085-6401, 1479-0270},\n\tshorttitle = {Science, {Surveying} and {Scientific} {Authority}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00856401.2017.1340110},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00856401.2017.1340110},\n\tabstract = {This article traces the journeys of and controversies surrounding the Schlagintweit brothers in ‘India and High Asia’. The brothers were Alpine glaciologists from Germany who were invited by the East India Company in 1854 to complete the Magnetic Survey of the Indian subcontinent on the recommendation of Alexander von Humboldt. This article discusses how the Schlagintweit brothers became the subject of controversy, and how they vanished from the record of the history of surveying as abruptly as they had emerged. Their story calls into question established historiographical narratives about ‘colonial science’ and ‘Western science’ in the subcontinent.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies},\n\tauthor = {Sarkar, Oyndrila},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {544--565},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article traces the journeys of and controversies surrounding the Schlagintweit brothers in ‘India and High Asia’. The brothers were Alpine glaciologists from Germany who were invited by the East India Company in 1854 to complete the Magnetic Survey of the Indian subcontinent on the recommendation of Alexander von Humboldt. This article discusses how the Schlagintweit brothers became the subject of controversy, and how they vanished from the record of the history of surveying as abruptly as they had emerged. Their story calls into question established historiographical narratives about ‘colonial science’ and ‘Western science’ in the subcontinent.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Education and Science Writing in Hindi in the North West Provinces (1860-1900).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mishra, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of History of Science, 52(4): 463–483. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mishra_science_2017,\n\ttitle = {Science {Education} and {Science} {Writing} in {Hindi} in the\nNorth {West} {Provinces} (1860-1900)},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tdoi = {10.16943/ijhs/2017/v52i4/49267},\n\tabstract = {The vernacularisation of science passes through various processes that are dependent upon\nhistorical and cultural context. Science writing and popularization in various vernacular languages of the\nIndian subcontinent such as Urdu, Bengali, Tamil, Marathi, Malayalam commenced in the first half of the nineteenth century itself. Science writing in Hindi began rather late when compared to the other vernacular.\n\nThe present paper engages with science education and its linkages with science popularization in Hindi,\nexploring the socio-political context for the late arrival of science writing in Hindi. The paper investigates the connectedness of the education system, the emergence of Hindi as a language, and the role of the print media in the popularization of science in Hindi.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Mishra, Pooja},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Domestication of science, Hindi, India, Popular Science, Science Communication},\n\tpages = {463--483},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The vernacularisation of science passes through various processes that are dependent upon historical and cultural context. Science writing and popularization in various vernacular languages of the Indian subcontinent such as Urdu, Bengali, Tamil, Marathi, Malayalam commenced in the first half of the nineteenth century itself. Science writing in Hindi began rather late when compared to the other vernacular. The present paper engages with science education and its linkages with science popularization in Hindi, exploring the socio-political context for the late arrival of science writing in Hindi. The paper investigates the connectedness of the education system, the emergence of Hindi as a language, and the role of the print media in the popularization of science in Hindi.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mathematics to Mathematics Education: A Telling Trajectory.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramanian, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 52(17): 52–60. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{subramanian_mathematics_2017,\n\tseries = {Special issue on {Feminist} {Science} {Studies}},\n\ttitle = {Mathematics to {Mathematics} {Education}: {A} {Telling} {Trajectory}},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tshorttitle = {Mathematics to {Mathematics} {Education}},\n\turl = {http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/17/review-womens-studies/mathematics-mathematics-education.html},\n\tabstract = {This autobiographical account seeks to achieve two aims. One, it seeks to place in the public sphere a personal experience of abuse, trauma and loss of self-esteem that the author suffered as a doctoral student in mathematics. It details the experiences that allowed her to go beyond the disciplinary confines to engage with feminist and caste politics. Two, it describes and problematises, even if in a limited way, how mathematics and science research institutions are organised and function, the dominant notions and beliefs that operate in these spaces, and their implication for the larger academic atmosphere in the country. It throws light on the pervasive notions of merit that operate in the science institutions, contributing to the exclusion of women and those from marginalised castes.},\n\tnumber = {17},\n\turldate = {2017-05-08},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Subramanian, Jayasree},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Autobiography, Doctoral Research, Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Humiliation, Institutions, Mathematics, Research Environment, Special Issue, Trauma},\n\tpages = {52--60},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This autobiographical account seeks to achieve two aims. One, it seeks to place in the public sphere a personal experience of abuse, trauma and loss of self-esteem that the author suffered as a doctoral student in mathematics. It details the experiences that allowed her to go beyond the disciplinary confines to engage with feminist and caste politics. Two, it describes and problematises, even if in a limited way, how mathematics and science research institutions are organised and function, the dominant notions and beliefs that operate in these spaces, and their implication for the larger academic atmosphere in the country. It throws light on the pervasive notions of merit that operate in the science institutions, contributing to the exclusion of women and those from marginalised castes.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Grassroots Innovation Movements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Smith, A.; Fressoli, M.; Abrol, D.; Arond, E.; and Ely, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, London & New York, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{smith_grassroots_2017,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Grassroots {Innovation} {Movements}},\n\tisbn = {9781317451198 9781315697888 9781138901216 9781138901223},\n\turl = {https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/53011},\n\tabstract = {Innovation is increasingly invoked by policy elites and business leaders as vital for tackling global challenges like sustainable development. Often overlooked, however, is the fact that networks of community groups, activists, and researchers have been innovating grassroots solutions for social justice and environmental sustainability for decades. Unencumbered by disciplinary boundaries, policy silos, or institutional logics, these ‘grassroots innovation movements’ identify issues and questions neglected by formal science, technology and innovation organizations. Grassroots solutions arise in unconventional settings through unusual combinations of people, ideas and tools. This book examines six diverse grassroots innovation movements in India, South America and Europe, situating them in their particular dynamic historical contexts. Analysis explains why each movement frames innovation and development differently, resulting in a variety of strategies. The book explores the spaces where each of these movements have grown, or attempted to do so. It critically examines the pathways they have developed for grassroots innovation and the challenges and limitations confronting their approaches. With mounting pressure for social justice in an increasingly unequal world, policy makers are exploring how to foster more inclusive innovation. In this context grassroots experiences take on added significance. This book provides timely and relevant ideas, analysis and recommendations for activists, policy-makers, students and scholars interested in encounters between innovation, development and social movements.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Smith, Adrian and Fressoli, Mariano and Abrol, Dinesh and Arond, Elisa and Ely, Adrian},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315697888},\n\tkeywords = {Community Workshops, Consumption, Environment, Grassroots Innovations, Honey Bee Network, India, Rural India, Sustainability, Sustainable Development},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Innovation is increasingly invoked by policy elites and business leaders as vital for tackling global challenges like sustainable development. Often overlooked, however, is the fact that networks of community groups, activists, and researchers have been innovating grassroots solutions for social justice and environmental sustainability for decades. Unencumbered by disciplinary boundaries, policy silos, or institutional logics, these ‘grassroots innovation movements’ identify issues and questions neglected by formal science, technology and innovation organizations. Grassroots solutions arise in unconventional settings through unusual combinations of people, ideas and tools. This book examines six diverse grassroots innovation movements in India, South America and Europe, situating them in their particular dynamic historical contexts. Analysis explains why each movement frames innovation and development differently, resulting in a variety of strategies. The book explores the spaces where each of these movements have grown, or attempted to do so. It critically examines the pathways they have developed for grassroots innovation and the challenges and limitations confronting their approaches. With mounting pressure for social justice in an increasingly unequal world, policy makers are exploring how to foster more inclusive innovation. In this context grassroots experiences take on added significance. This book provides timely and relevant ideas, analysis and recommendations for activists, policy-makers, students and scholars interested in encounters between innovation, development and social movements.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Feminist Science Studies: Intersectional Narratives of Persons in Gender-marginal Locations in Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chadha, G.; and Achuthan, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 52(17): 33–36. April 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chadha_feminist_2017,\n\tseries = {Review of {Women} {Studies} ({Special} issue)},\n\ttitle = {Feminist {Science} {Studies}: {Intersectional} {Narratives} of {Persons} in {Gender}-marginal {Locations} in {Science}},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\turl = {https://www.epw.in/journal/2017/17/review-womens-studies/feminist-science-studies.html},\n\tabstract = {Editors' introduction to the special section on Feminist STS},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {17},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Chadha, Gita and Achuthan, Asha},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Feminist STS, Gender \\& Science, Special Issue, Women in science},\n\tpages = {33--36},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Editors' introduction to the special section on Feminist STS\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Chronicles of a Queer Relationship with Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shah, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 52(17): 37–44. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shah_chronicles_2017,\n\ttitle = {Chronicles of a {Queer} {Relationship} with {Science}},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tshorttitle = {Chronicles of a {Queer} {Relationship} with {Science}},\n\turl = {http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/17/review-womens-studies/chronicles-queer-relationship-science.html},\n\tabstract = {This article traverses a journey of a person in science and feminism, highlighting a trajectory in which her relationship with science, its praxis, and its understanding, all transformed as her engagement with feminisms also evolved. The narrative highlights the change from a narrow understanding of science and a career within it, to the emerging multiple possibilities of being a person in science—a change made possible because the feminist lens shifts focus from the question of women in science to a feminist understanding of science. The process, hence, results in a slow inhabiting of the “outsider” in a reimagined landscape of the discipline.},\n\tnumber = {17},\n\turldate = {2017-05-08},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Shah, Chayanika},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Autobiography, Feminist STS, Gender \\& Science, Queer Studies of S\\&T},\n\tpages = {37--44},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article traverses a journey of a person in science and feminism, highlighting a trajectory in which her relationship with science, its praxis, and its understanding, all transformed as her engagement with feminisms also evolved. The narrative highlights the change from a narrow understanding of science and a career within it, to the emerging multiple possibilities of being a person in science—a change made possible because the feminist lens shifts focus from the question of women in science to a feminist understanding of science. The process, hence, results in a slow inhabiting of the “outsider” in a reimagined landscape of the discipline.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gender and Science: A Case for Inclusion and Diversity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramdorai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 52(17): 67–72. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ramdorai_gender_2017,\n\ttitle = {Gender and {Science}: {A} {Case} for {Inclusion} and {Diversity}},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tshorttitle = {Gender and {Science}},\n\turl = {http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/17/review-womens-studies/gender-and-science.html},\n\tabstract = {A narrative of the struggles that a woman has to go through in order to establish herself in an area of research dominated by men and by ideas rooted in patriarchy shows how the mathematical playing field is skewed against women. Not only do they have to struggle much more than their male counterparts, but women mathematicians who have made important contributions are still not given their due. The problems that women in the natural sciences face and the possible ways in which these can be addressed in order to create a more equitable work atmosphere in science research institutions and universities is discussed.},\n\tnumber = {17},\n\turldate = {2017-05-08},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Ramdorai, Sujatha},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {67--72},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A narrative of the struggles that a woman has to go through in order to establish herself in an area of research dominated by men and by ideas rooted in patriarchy shows how the mathematical playing field is skewed against women. Not only do they have to struggle much more than their male counterparts, but women mathematicians who have made important contributions are still not given their due. The problems that women in the natural sciences face and the possible ways in which these can be addressed in order to create a more equitable work atmosphere in science research institutions and universities is discussed.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Inclusive Innovation in India: Historical Roots.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishna, V. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy, 6(2): 170–191. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{krishna_inclusive_2017,\n\ttitle = {Inclusive {Innovation} in {India}: {Historical} {Roots}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tdoi = {http//dx.doi.org/10.7545/ajip.2017.6.2.170},\n\tabstract = {Inclusive innovation refers to different types and forms of innovation activities or performance by which we can get more for lesser cost and which could cater and meet the needs and demands of more people. The essence of inclusive innovation is to help poor, marginalized and underprivileged sections of society to improve their livelihoods and enable them to climb up the socio-economic ladder. In the current phase\nof economic slowdown, increasing unemployment and inequalities, World Bank, OECD and various governments are turning towards inclusive innovation as a new source of optimism or even as a new innovation strategy. Whilst it is being reframed or\npackaged as a novel or a new strategy, one can trace its historical roots to the AT movement and the Gandhian ideas of economy and society in the 1940s and 1950s.\nThese ideas have inspired and influenced a range of individuals, institutions and civil society groups in inclusive innovation.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy},\n\tauthor = {Krishna, Venni V.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Grassroots Innovations, Inclusive innovation, India, White Revolution},\n\tpages = {170--191},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Inclusive innovation refers to different types and forms of innovation activities or performance by which we can get more for lesser cost and which could cater and meet the needs and demands of more people. The essence of inclusive innovation is to help poor, marginalized and underprivileged sections of society to improve their livelihoods and enable them to climb up the socio-economic ladder. In the current phase of economic slowdown, increasing unemployment and inequalities, World Bank, OECD and various governments are turning towards inclusive innovation as a new source of optimism or even as a new innovation strategy. Whilst it is being reframed or packaged as a novel or a new strategy, one can trace its historical roots to the AT movement and the Gandhian ideas of economy and society in the 1940s and 1950s. These ideas have inspired and influenced a range of individuals, institutions and civil society groups in inclusive innovation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Inclusive Innovation in India: Contemporary Landscape.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishna, V. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy, 6(1): 1–22. April 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{krishna_inclusive_2017,\n\ttitle = {Inclusive {Innovation} in {India}: {Contemporary} {Landscape}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {2287-1616},\n\tshorttitle = {Inclusive {Innovation} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://accesson.kr/ajip/v.6/1/1/42469},\n\tabstract = {The essence of inclusive innovation is to serve poor, marginalized and underprivileged sections of society to improve their livelihoods and enable them to climb up the socio-economic ladder. In this article, we explore the contemporary Indian landscape. There is a diversity of institutions and institutional approaches, multiple methodologies and goals in promoting inclusive innovations in this landscape. There are grassroots innovation institutions. All these institutions and groups have demonstrated how to improve the living conditions of poor people and enhance their income. They have developed different methodologies of inclusive innovation to intervene, build capacities and capabilities of poor people towards bridging informal and formal sectors of economy. Indian landscape can now boast of some successful models and a “social laboratory” for inclusive innovation. The challenge, however, remains to replicate and multiply these models to impact other sectors of Indian informal economy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tjournal = {Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy},\n\tauthor = {Krishna, Venni V.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Grassroots Innovations, Inclusive innovation, India, Science and Democracy},\n\tpages = {1--22},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The essence of inclusive innovation is to serve poor, marginalized and underprivileged sections of society to improve their livelihoods and enable them to climb up the socio-economic ladder. In this article, we explore the contemporary Indian landscape. There is a diversity of institutions and institutional approaches, multiple methodologies and goals in promoting inclusive innovations in this landscape. There are grassroots innovation institutions. All these institutions and groups have demonstrated how to improve the living conditions of poor people and enhance their income. They have developed different methodologies of inclusive innovation to intervene, build capacities and capabilities of poor people towards bridging informal and formal sectors of economy. Indian landscape can now boast of some successful models and a “social laboratory” for inclusive innovation. The challenge, however, remains to replicate and multiply these models to impact other sectors of Indian informal economy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Knowledge, Science and Society.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sujatha, V.; and Anubhav Sengupta\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Singh, Y., editor(s), Indian Sociology: Emerging Concepts, Structure, and Change, pages 135–96. Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{sujatha_knowledge_2017,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Knowledge, {Science} and {Society}},\n\turl = {https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33694674/03_Chapter_3_Sujatha___Sengupta-libre.pdf?1400041314=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3D3_Knowledge_Science_and_Society_ICSSR_vo.pdf&Expires=1746930735&Signature=KbLvipgfIkzPwZEmOVpseARgvSnKnOziNRb1zgbAHQXCz3ZXNGw7MyCPWA2POFE42aTL5o1ZThR6n64vtG3GNklnTwvb8LgUNN~-fwkvSUBgMKxWMbG-0JZteR8RbaIEB4hexCyCnrwMD7FvYxy31jTyU320NNEun9cZ~pQsjKxcPojSY2qRPJXgY3wTOmDd0RaeHIiMhoE0vV9uo~MnDD6stPx2PaPfcqvjX7We4jxR36QLD3RqmSK~5-Xp9CmFfUNrycoiir50HlxIxCKmX1~vqJwlSHc4xqrf6W-YiGg53e1r1NnjqS8a8xxnrxC9TDiLP1~p6Ozekox4oVdgMQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Indian {Sociology}: {Emerging} {Concepts}, {Structure}, and {Change}},\n\tpublisher = {Indian Council of Social Science Research},\n\tauthor = {Sujatha, V. and {Anubhav Sengupta}},\n\teditor = {Singh, Yogendra},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {India, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {135--96},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informal Sector Innovations: Insights from the Global South.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Muchie, M.; Bhaduri, S.; Baskaran, A.; and Sheikh, F.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, New York, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{muchie_informal_2017,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Informal {Sector} {Innovations}: {Insights} from the {Global} {South}},\n\tisbn = {9781138091290},\n\tshorttitle = {Informal {Sector} {Innovations}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Informal-Sector-Innovations-Insights-from-the-Global-South/Muchie-Bhaduri-Baskaran-Sheikh/p/book/9781138091290},\n\tabstract = {It is well documented that the space of informal economic activity is rising across the globe. This rise has been particularly significant in the least developed and developing countries, especially after the onset of neo-liberal policies and withdrawal of welfare state. There has also been a shift in academic thinking on informal sector, with attempts being made to understand the contribution of informal sector in generating employment and economic growth rather than focusing solely on exploita},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-08},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Muchie, Mamo and Bhaduri, Saradindu and Baskaran, Angathevar and Sheikh, Fayaz},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Global South, India, Informal sector innovations, Innovation Policy, Innovation ecosystem, Innovation studies},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n It is well documented that the space of informal economic activity is rising across the globe. This rise has been particularly significant in the least developed and developing countries, especially after the onset of neo-liberal policies and withdrawal of welfare state. There has also been a shift in academic thinking on informal sector, with attempts being made to understand the contribution of informal sector in generating employment and economic growth rather than focusing solely on exploita\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Feminists and Science: Critiques and Changing Perspectives in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishna, S.; and Chadha, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 2 Sage & Stree, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi. Singapore, Washington DC & Melbourne, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{krishna_feminists_2017,\n\taddress = {Los Angeles, London, New Delhi. Singapore, Washington DC \\& Melbourne},\n\ttitle = {Feminists and {Science}: {Critiques} and {Changing} {Perspectives} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tisbn = {9789381345191},\n\tshorttitle = {Feminists and {Science}},\n\turl = {https://www.stree-samyabooks.com/ItemDetails.aspx?id=122},\n\tabstract = {Feminists and Science brings critical voices to bear upon the relationship between science, gender and patriarchies, critique science and reclaim it with equal passion. Feminist critiques of science have uncovered the ideological biases in scientific discourse and also begun reforming and reinventing disciplinary canons. Many such critiques have been developed in the West; the significance of the Indian contribution to this debate is that it offers a different perspective, drawing upon the experience of how science and technology has impacted the lives of Indian women, their work and their bodies.\n\nThe contributors, from different disciplinary locations in the social sciences, the humanities and the natural sciences, raise a variety of issues in science criticism, presenting feminist positions in fields including health, pedagogy, livelihood and sexuality. The two volumes offer a pioneering and valuable contribution to science studies and women's studies in India.\n\nA feminist analysis of the gendered concepts and practices of science, showing how science and technology impact women’s bodies, lives and work Feminists and Science, volume 2, critiques the relationship between science, gender and patriarchies in the Indian context from a multi-disciplinary perspective. This volume addresses the complexity of local knowledge and the politics of knowledge-making, interrogates how creativity and the practices of science are gendered, explores the methodologies of doing science differently and moves towards a more inclusive pedagogy. It draws upon the experience of how science and technology has impacted Indian women, going beyond the problems of women scientists in institutions, and offers a pioneering contribution to both science and women’s studies.},\n\tpublisher = {Sage \\& Stree},\n\tauthor = {Krishna, Sumi and Chadha, Gita},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Feminist STS, Gender, Gender \\& Science, India, Women in science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Feminists and Science brings critical voices to bear upon the relationship between science, gender and patriarchies, critique science and reclaim it with equal passion. Feminist critiques of science have uncovered the ideological biases in scientific discourse and also begun reforming and reinventing disciplinary canons. Many such critiques have been developed in the West; the significance of the Indian contribution to this debate is that it offers a different perspective, drawing upon the experience of how science and technology has impacted the lives of Indian women, their work and their bodies. The contributors, from different disciplinary locations in the social sciences, the humanities and the natural sciences, raise a variety of issues in science criticism, presenting feminist positions in fields including health, pedagogy, livelihood and sexuality. The two volumes offer a pioneering and valuable contribution to science studies and women's studies in India. A feminist analysis of the gendered concepts and practices of science, showing how science and technology impact women’s bodies, lives and work Feminists and Science, volume 2, critiques the relationship between science, gender and patriarchies in the Indian context from a multi-disciplinary perspective. This volume addresses the complexity of local knowledge and the politics of knowledge-making, interrogates how creativity and the practices of science are gendered, explores the methodologies of doing science differently and moves towards a more inclusive pedagogy. It draws upon the experience of how science and technology has impacted Indian women, going beyond the problems of women scientists in institutions, and offers a pioneering contribution to both science and women’s studies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Social Physics: Understanding Human Sociality in Communication Networks.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghosh, A.; Monsivais, D.; Bhattacharya, K.; and Kaski, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Abergel, F.; Aoyama, H.; Chakrabarti, B. K.; Chakraborti, A.; Deo, N.; Raina, D.; and Vodenska, I., editor(s), Econophysics and Sociophysics: Recent Progress and Future Directions, pages 187–200. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{abergel_social_2017,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Social {Physics}: {Understanding} {Human} {Sociality} in {Communication} {Networks}},\n\tisbn = {9783319477046 9783319477053},\n\tshorttitle = {Social {Physics}},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-47705-3_14},\n\tabstract = {In this brief review, we discuss some recent findings of human sociality in contemporary techno-social networks of interacting individuals. Here we will focus on a few important observations obtained by analysing mobile communication data of millions of users in a European country participating in billions of calls and text messages over a period of one year. In addition to the description of the basic structure of the network in terms of its topological characteristics like the degree distribution or the clustering coefficient, the demographic information of the users have been utilized to get deeper insight into the various facets of human sociality related to age and gender as reflected in the communication patterns of users. One of the observations suggests that the grandmothering effect is clearly visible in these communication patterns. In addition it is found that the number of friends or connections of a user show a clear decaying trend as a function of the user’s age for both genders. Furthermore, an analysis of the most common location of the users shows the effect of distance on close relationships. As computational analysis and modelling are the two key approaches or tools of modern ‘Social Physics’ we will very briefly discuss the construction of a social network model to get insight into how plausible microscopic social interaction processes translate to meso- and macroscopic socially weighted network structures between individuals.},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tbooktitle = {Econophysics and {Sociophysics}: {Recent} {Progress} and {Future} {Directions}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Ghosh, Asim and Monsivais, Daniel and Bhattacharya, Kunal and Kaski, Kimmo},\n\teditor = {Abergel, Frédéric and Aoyama, Hideaki and Chakrabarti, Bikas K. and Chakraborti, Anirban and Deo, Nivedita and Raina, Dhruv and Vodenska, Irena},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-319-47705-3_14},\n\tkeywords = {Interdisciplinarity},\n\tpages = {187--200},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this brief review, we discuss some recent findings of human sociality in contemporary techno-social networks of interacting individuals. Here we will focus on a few important observations obtained by analysing mobile communication data of millions of users in a European country participating in billions of calls and text messages over a period of one year. In addition to the description of the basic structure of the network in terms of its topological characteristics like the degree distribution or the clustering coefficient, the demographic information of the users have been utilized to get deeper insight into the various facets of human sociality related to age and gender as reflected in the communication patterns of users. One of the observations suggests that the grandmothering effect is clearly visible in these communication patterns. In addition it is found that the number of friends or connections of a user show a clear decaying trend as a function of the user’s age for both genders. Furthermore, an analysis of the most common location of the users shows the effect of distance on close relationships. As computational analysis and modelling are the two key approaches or tools of modern ‘Social Physics’ we will very briefly discuss the construction of a social network model to get insight into how plausible microscopic social interaction processes translate to meso- and macroscopic socially weighted network structures between individuals.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Birth of an Indian Profession: Engineers, Industry, and the State, 1900–47.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramnath, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, July 2017.\n Google-Books-ID: 36RmDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ramnath_birth_2017,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Birth} of an {Indian} {Profession}: {Engineers}, {Industry}, and the {State}, 1900–47},\n\tisbn = {9780199091522},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Birth} of an {Indian} {Profession}},\n\tabstract = {The Birth of an Indian Profession is the first comprehensive history of engineers in modern India. Charting the development of the engineering profession in the country from 1900 to 1947, it explores how engineers, their roles, and their organization were transformed during the politically tumultuous interwar years. Through detailed case studies of engineers in public works, railways, and private industry, the book argues that the profession, once dominated by expatriate British engineers closely associated with the state, saw an increasing proportion of Indian members, and an emerging emphasis on industrial engineering. In the process, it fashioned for itself an Indian identity. Turning the spotlight on practitioners of technology and their professional lives, Ramnath explores several themes including the work culture of engineers, their conception of their own identity, their status in society, and their relationship with the evolving colonial state. In so doing, he provides a fresh perspective on the history of science and technology in twentieth-century India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Ramnath, Aparajith},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 36RmDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial History, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Engineering, History of Engineering and Technology, History of Professions, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Birth of an Indian Profession is the first comprehensive history of engineers in modern India. Charting the development of the engineering profession in the country from 1900 to 1947, it explores how engineers, their roles, and their organization were transformed during the politically tumultuous interwar years. Through detailed case studies of engineers in public works, railways, and private industry, the book argues that the profession, once dominated by expatriate British engineers closely associated with the state, saw an increasing proportion of Indian members, and an emerging emphasis on industrial engineering. In the process, it fashioned for itself an Indian identity. Turning the spotlight on practitioners of technology and their professional lives, Ramnath explores several themes including the work culture of engineers, their conception of their own identity, their status in society, and their relationship with the evolving colonial state. In so doing, he provides a fresh perspective on the history of science and technology in twentieth-century India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hydraulic City: Water and the Infrastructures of Citizenship in Mumbai.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Anand, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Duke University Press, March 2017.\n Google-Books-ID: ffo2DgAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{anand_hydraulic_2017,\n\ttitle = {Hydraulic {City}: {Water} and the {Infrastructures} of {Citizenship} in {Mumbai}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8223-7359-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Hydraulic {City}},\n\tabstract = {In Hydraulic City Nikhil Anand explores the politics of Mumbai's water infrastructure to demonstrate how citizenship emerges through the continuous efforts to control, maintain, and manage the city's water. Through extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Mumbai's settlements, Anand found that Mumbai's water flows, not through a static collection of pipes and valves, but through a dynamic infrastructure built on the relations between residents, plumbers, politicians, engineers, and the 3,000 miles of pipe that bind them. In addition to distributing water, the public water network often reinforces social identities and the exclusion of marginalized groups, as only those actively recognized by city agencies receive legitimate water services. This form of recognition—what Anand calls "hydraulic citizenship"—is incremental, intermittent, and reversible. It provides residents an important access point through which they can make demands on the state for other public services such as sanitation and education. Tying the ways Mumbai's poorer residents are seen by the state to their historic, political, and material relations with water pipes, the book highlights the critical role infrastructures play in consolidating civic and social belonging in the city.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Anand, Nikhil},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ffo2DgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History / Asia / South / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In Hydraulic City Nikhil Anand explores the politics of Mumbai's water infrastructure to demonstrate how citizenship emerges through the continuous efforts to control, maintain, and manage the city's water. Through extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Mumbai's settlements, Anand found that Mumbai's water flows, not through a static collection of pipes and valves, but through a dynamic infrastructure built on the relations between residents, plumbers, politicians, engineers, and the 3,000 miles of pipe that bind them. In addition to distributing water, the public water network often reinforces social identities and the exclusion of marginalized groups, as only those actively recognized by city agencies receive legitimate water services. This form of recognition—what Anand calls \"hydraulic citizenship\"—is incremental, intermittent, and reversible. It provides residents an important access point through which they can make demands on the state for other public services such as sanitation and education. Tying the ways Mumbai's poorer residents are seen by the state to their historic, political, and material relations with water pipes, the book highlights the critical role infrastructures play in consolidating civic and social belonging in the city.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n (Un)bundling Bangalore: Infrastructure bundling ‘best practices’ and assembling novel scapes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sadoway, D.; and Gopakumar, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Geoforum, 79: 46–57. February 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sadoway_bundling_2017,\n\ttitle = {({Un})bundling {Bangalore}: {Infrastructure} bundling ‘best practices’ and assembling novel scapes},\n\tvolume = {79},\n\tissn = {0016-7185},\n\tshorttitle = {({Un})bundling {Bangalore}},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001671851630286X},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.12.006},\n\tabstract = {This paper focuses on the socio-material, political and spatial implications of urban infrastructure bundling practices. Our work examines how network bundling best practices piloted in the Indian city of Bangalore (Bengaluru) have been deployed as a policy model for urban road re-engineering. Drawing on work in actor-network theory (ANT)-inspired assemblage urbanism and policy mobilities, we examine the assembling of Bengaluru's Vittal Mallya (VM) Road in conjunction with Tender-SURE (Tender Specifications for Urban Road Execution) as showcase projects for bundled network infrastructures. Our paper introduces an ‘infrastructurescape’ typology – boundaries, intersections, cul-de-sacs and peopling – as an analytic for examining the socio-material and spatio-political implications of bundling. Our findings discuss the rise of powerful local infrastructure coalitions of private and civic interests in Bengaluru. Besides the low accountability of these coalitions, we identify the potential problematic effects of infrastructure bundling including: spatial exclusions and fragmentation; the valorization of commercial space and automobility; and the limited participation of wider publics in shaping urban infrastructural futures. Bundling urban networks and setting local urban infrastructural priorities, we suggest, represent politically-charged processes that reconfigure specific city streets and scapes. Infrastructure bundling practices have important implications for the city-at-large and the city-region of the future in India and beyond.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Geoforum},\n\tauthor = {Sadoway, David and Gopakumar, Govind},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Bangalore/Bengaluru, India, Infrastructure bundling, Urban infrastructure},\n\tpages = {46--57},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper focuses on the socio-material, political and spatial implications of urban infrastructure bundling practices. Our work examines how network bundling best practices piloted in the Indian city of Bangalore (Bengaluru) have been deployed as a policy model for urban road re-engineering. Drawing on work in actor-network theory (ANT)-inspired assemblage urbanism and policy mobilities, we examine the assembling of Bengaluru's Vittal Mallya (VM) Road in conjunction with Tender-SURE (Tender Specifications for Urban Road Execution) as showcase projects for bundled network infrastructures. Our paper introduces an ‘infrastructurescape’ typology – boundaries, intersections, cul-de-sacs and peopling – as an analytic for examining the socio-material and spatio-political implications of bundling. Our findings discuss the rise of powerful local infrastructure coalitions of private and civic interests in Bengaluru. Besides the low accountability of these coalitions, we identify the potential problematic effects of infrastructure bundling including: spatial exclusions and fragmentation; the valorization of commercial space and automobility; and the limited participation of wider publics in shaping urban infrastructural futures. Bundling urban networks and setting local urban infrastructural priorities, we suggest, represent politically-charged processes that reconfigure specific city streets and scapes. Infrastructure bundling practices have important implications for the city-at-large and the city-region of the future in India and beyond.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bionetworking and Strategic Linking between India and Japan: How Clinical Stem Cell Intervention Continues despite New Regulatory Guidelines.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Patra, P. K.; and Sleeboom-Faulkner, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 11(3): 353–372. September 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{patra_bionetworking_2017,\n\ttitle = {Bionetworking and {Strategic} {Linking} between {India} and {Japan}: {How} {Clinical} {Stem} {Cell} {Intervention} {Continues} despite {New} {Regulatory} {Guidelines}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1875-2160, 1875-2152},\n\tshorttitle = {Bionetworking and {Strategic} {Linking} between {India} and {Japan}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1215/18752160-4128909},\n\tdoi = {10.1215/18752160-4128909},\n\tabstract = {Based on a case study of a clinical stem cell intervention (CSCI) center in Chennai, India, this article explores distinct entrepreneurial strategies for the promotion of unrecognized clinical stem cell applications in India. It shows that the center—an Indo-Japanese joint-venture—is able to promote the CSCI due to its central position in a network relationship, its possession of specialized skills and knowledge, and its ability to maneuver other actors in the network and to identify and utilize their latent value. We examine the developmental history of the making and remaking of regulation and the shift in the way clinical stem cell application providers function—from institutional embedment to strategic linking through collaborative networks. We ask why and how unauthorized clinical applications are sustained and promoted in India. We conclude that this is possible as a result of a number of factors: jurisdictional ambiguity, institutional inability, issues concerning the legal enforceability of the relevant guidelines, the complexity of the collaborative network structure that facilitates the circumvention of the regulation, and the nonfunctioning of apex-level committees.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-02},\n\tjournal = {East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal},\n\tauthor = {Patra, Prasanna Kumar and Sleeboom-Faulkner, Margaret},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Chennai, India, Japan, Stem-cell},\n\tpages = {353--372},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Based on a case study of a clinical stem cell intervention (CSCI) center in Chennai, India, this article explores distinct entrepreneurial strategies for the promotion of unrecognized clinical stem cell applications in India. It shows that the center—an Indo-Japanese joint-venture—is able to promote the CSCI due to its central position in a network relationship, its possession of specialized skills and knowledge, and its ability to maneuver other actors in the network and to identify and utilize their latent value. We examine the developmental history of the making and remaking of regulation and the shift in the way clinical stem cell application providers function—from institutional embedment to strategic linking through collaborative networks. We ask why and how unauthorized clinical applications are sustained and promoted in India. We conclude that this is possible as a result of a number of factors: jurisdictional ambiguity, institutional inability, issues concerning the legal enforceability of the relevant guidelines, the complexity of the collaborative network structure that facilitates the circumvention of the regulation, and the nonfunctioning of apex-level committees.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Recolonizing India: Troubling the Anticolonial, Decolonial, Postcolonial.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramaniam, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience, 3(1). January 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{subramaniam_recolonizing_2017,\n\ttitle = {Recolonizing {India}: {Troubling} the {Anticolonial}, {Decolonial}, {Postcolonial}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tshorttitle = {Recolonizing {India}},\n\turl = {https://scholarworks.umass.edu/wost_faculty_pubs/12},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v3i1.28794},\n\tabstract = {This is not a manifesto, nor is it a prescriptive call for a new, decolonial, or decolonized science and technology studies (STS). Instead, our critical perspectives in this issue are propositional offerings. We aim to provoke questions about how science and technology studies might intersect with decolonizing or decolonial practices and scholarship, and what kinds of openings these intersections may or may not provide. We offer these reflections as invitations to think with us and to consider the worlds in which we live and work. They are entries into a conversation that, of course, does not start or end with us, but rather draws upon multiple intellectual genealogies and particular struggles and colonial histories.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience},\n\tauthor = {Subramaniam, Banu},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Decolonization, Feminist STS, India, Post colonial Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This is not a manifesto, nor is it a prescriptive call for a new, decolonial, or decolonized science and technology studies (STS). Instead, our critical perspectives in this issue are propositional offerings. We aim to provoke questions about how science and technology studies might intersect with decolonizing or decolonial practices and scholarship, and what kinds of openings these intersections may or may not provide. We offer these reflections as invitations to think with us and to consider the worlds in which we live and work. They are entries into a conversation that, of course, does not start or end with us, but rather draws upon multiple intellectual genealogies and particular struggles and colonial histories.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n What Indians and Indians Can Teach Us about Colonization: Feminist Science and Technology Studies, Epistemological Imperialism, and the Politics of Difference.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hamilton, J. A.; Subramaniam, B.; and Willey, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Feminist Studies, 43(3): 612–623. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{hamilton_what_2017,\n\ttitle = {What {Indians} and {Indians} {Can} {Teach} {Us} about {Colonization}: {Feminist} {Science} and {Technology} {Studies}, {Epistemological} {Imperialism}, and the {Politics} of {Difference}},\n\tvolume = {43},\n\tissn = {2153-3873},\n\tshorttitle = {What {Indians} and {Indians} {Can} {Teach} {Us} about {Colonization}},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/434/article/829386},\n\tdoi = {10.1353/fem.2017.0032},\n\tabstract = {This article posits Feminist Science and Technology Studies (FSTS) as a vital tool for bridging postcolonial and decolonial thought. First, FSTS forms a bridge by providing tools for reading epistemic imperialism and scientific racism as shared conditions of possibility for disparate colonizations. Second, by foregrounding the necessary links between epistemic and material violence, FSTS helps undo the theory/praxis binary that sometimes undergirds their analytic opposition. The authors argue that the careful study of science as a set of ideas, practices, and attendant institutions is vital in order to better recognize and intervene in shifting modes of colonial conquest and governance.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-05-28},\n\tjournal = {Feminist Studies},\n\tauthor = {Hamilton, Jennifer A. and Subramaniam, Banu and Willey, Angela},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Decolonization, Feminist STS, Post colonial Science},\n\tpages = {612--623},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article posits Feminist Science and Technology Studies (FSTS) as a vital tool for bridging postcolonial and decolonial thought. First, FSTS forms a bridge by providing tools for reading epistemic imperialism and scientific racism as shared conditions of possibility for disparate colonizations. Second, by foregrounding the necessary links between epistemic and material violence, FSTS helps undo the theory/praxis binary that sometimes undergirds their analytic opposition. The authors argue that the careful study of science as a set of ideas, practices, and attendant institutions is vital in order to better recognize and intervene in shifting modes of colonial conquest and governance.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breaking the Silo: Integrated Science Education in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dhar, A.; Niranjana, T.; and Sridhar, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n of Culture and Democracy at the Millenial TurnOrient BlackSwan, Hyderabad, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{dhar_breaking_2017,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\tseries = {Culture and {Democracy} at the {Millenial} {Turn}},\n\ttitle = {Breaking the {Silo}: {Integrated} {Science} {Education} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9789386392886},\n\tshorttitle = {Breking the {Silo}},\n\turl = {https://orientblackswan.com/details?id=9789386392886},\n\tabstract = {Is the entrenched division between the natural and human sciences unbridgeable? Is this divide crippling innovation in science, or is it necessary to keep science pure?\n\nBetween 2006–14, an experiment was conducted in Integrated Science Education (ISE) in several science institutions, including the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune.\n\nBreaking the Silo compiles the experiments in pedagogy conducted by people from physics, biology, computer science, sociology, medicine, science studies, philosophy, history, literary studies, film studies, cultural studies, theatre, and visual arts.\n\nThis experiment seeks to throw new light on the 'two cultures' theory that has beset India's science institutions. By combining the sciences and humanities, innovative solutions can be found for the complex social problems facing us today.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tpublisher = {Orient BlackSwan},\n\tauthor = {Dhar, Anup and Niranjana, Tejaswini and Sridhar, K.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Higher Education, India, Integrated Sciece Education Expriment},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Is the entrenched division between the natural and human sciences unbridgeable? Is this divide crippling innovation in science, or is it necessary to keep science pure? Between 2006–14, an experiment was conducted in Integrated Science Education (ISE) in several science institutions, including the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune. Breaking the Silo compiles the experiments in pedagogy conducted by people from physics, biology, computer science, sociology, medicine, science studies, philosophy, history, literary studies, film studies, cultural studies, theatre, and visual arts. This experiment seeks to throw new light on the 'two cultures' theory that has beset India's science institutions. By combining the sciences and humanities, innovative solutions can be found for the complex social problems facing us today.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Contraception, Colonialism and Commerce: Birth Control in South India, 1920–1940.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hodges, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, London, January 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{hodges_contraception_2017,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {Contraception, {Colonialism} and {Commerce}: {Birth} {Control} in {South} {India}, 1920–1940},\n\tisbn = {9781315259383},\n\tshorttitle = {Contraception, {Colonialism} and {Commerce}},\n\tabstract = {Birth control holds an unusual place in the history of medicine. Largely devoid of doctors or hospitals, only relatively recently have birth control histories included tales of laboratory-based therapeutic innovation. Instead, these histories elucidate the peculiar slippages between individual bodies and a body politic occasioned by the promotion of techniques to manipulate human reproduction. The history of birth control in India brings these as well as additional complications to the field. Contrary to popular belief, India has one of the most long-lasting, institutionalized, far-reaching, state sponsored family planning programs in the world. During the inter-war period the country witnessed the formation of groups dedicated to promoting the cause of birth control. This book outlines the early history of birth control in India, particularly the Tamil south. In so doing, it illuminates India's role in a global network of birth control advocacy. The book also argues how Indians' contraceptive advocacy and associationalism became an increasingly significant realm of action in which they staked claims not just about the utility of contraception but simultaneously over their ability and right to self-rule.},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Hodges, Sarah},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315259383},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Contraception, History of Medicine, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Birth control holds an unusual place in the history of medicine. Largely devoid of doctors or hospitals, only relatively recently have birth control histories included tales of laboratory-based therapeutic innovation. Instead, these histories elucidate the peculiar slippages between individual bodies and a body politic occasioned by the promotion of techniques to manipulate human reproduction. The history of birth control in India brings these as well as additional complications to the field. Contrary to popular belief, India has one of the most long-lasting, institutionalized, far-reaching, state sponsored family planning programs in the world. During the inter-war period the country witnessed the formation of groups dedicated to promoting the cause of birth control. This book outlines the early history of birth control in India, particularly the Tamil south. In so doing, it illuminates India's role in a global network of birth control advocacy. The book also argues how Indians' contraceptive advocacy and associationalism became an increasingly significant realm of action in which they staked claims not just about the utility of contraception but simultaneously over their ability and right to self-rule.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Drinking Water Quality in Indian Water Policies, Laws, and Courtrooms: Understanding the Intersections of Science and Law in Developing Countries.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 37(1): 45–56. February 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharma_drinking_2017,\n\ttitle = {Drinking {Water} {Quality} in {Indian} {Water} {Policies}, {Laws}, and {Courtrooms}: {Understanding} the {Intersections} of {Science} and {Law} in {Developing} {Countries}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0270-4676, 1552-4183},\n\tshorttitle = {Drinking {Water} {Quality} in {Indian} {Water} {Policies}, {Laws}, and {Courtrooms}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0270467617738696},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0270467617738696},\n\tabstract = {Drinking water quality has drawn enormous attention from scientific communities, the industrial sector, and the common public in several countries during the last couple of decades. The scholarship in science and technology studies somehow overlooked this crucial domain. This article attempts to contribute to this gray area by exploring how drinking water quality is understood in Indian water policies, laws, and courtrooms. The article argues that water policies and laws in India were significantly shaped by international treaties and global environmental stewardship. In the courtrooms, the Indian judiciary employed minimum science-based evidence in decision making in the context of drinking water–related cases; rather they used a rights-based approach and minimally engaged with the issue of drinking water quality/standards. Whatever little science used as valid science by the judges in the decision making was entirely expert-based. The reliance of the judges on the scientific expertise of the experts representing regulatory organizations and public institutions was another unique characteristic of the relationship between science and law in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-30},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Aviram},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {45--56},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Drinking water quality has drawn enormous attention from scientific communities, the industrial sector, and the common public in several countries during the last couple of decades. The scholarship in science and technology studies somehow overlooked this crucial domain. This article attempts to contribute to this gray area by exploring how drinking water quality is understood in Indian water policies, laws, and courtrooms. The article argues that water policies and laws in India were significantly shaped by international treaties and global environmental stewardship. In the courtrooms, the Indian judiciary employed minimum science-based evidence in decision making in the context of drinking water–related cases; rather they used a rights-based approach and minimally engaged with the issue of drinking water quality/standards. Whatever little science used as valid science by the judges in the decision making was entirely expert-based. The reliance of the judges on the scientific expertise of the experts representing regulatory organizations and public institutions was another unique characteristic of the relationship between science and law in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n NGOs, Controversies, and “Opening Up” of Regulatory Governance of Science in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pandey, P.; and Sharma, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 37(4): 199–211. December 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{pandey_ngos_2017,\n\ttitle = {{NGOs}, {Controversies}, and “{Opening} {Up}” of {Regulatory} {Governance} of {Science} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0270-4676, 1552-4183},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0270467619861561},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0270467619861561},\n\tabstract = {Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and scientific controversies are often the common denominators in most of the cases that have significantly shaped science and society relationships in the Global South during the past two decades. National and international NGOs and their network have often facilitated the “opening up” of regulatory governance in multiple sectors. This article draws from three cases—the bottled water controversy, the agribiotechnology debates, and the nanotechnology initiatives—and charts out the role of the NGOs and controversies in (re)defining the science-society relationship in India. The three cases illustrate how NGOs and controversies by their presence or absence at various stages of technology development shape the regulation-making exercise and the overall regulatory governance of science and technology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-30},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Pandey, Poonam and Sharma, Aviram},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Controversy over Science and Technology, India, Regulatory Science},\n\tpages = {199--211},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and scientific controversies are often the common denominators in most of the cases that have significantly shaped science and society relationships in the Global South during the past two decades. National and international NGOs and their network have often facilitated the “opening up” of regulatory governance in multiple sectors. This article draws from three cases—the bottled water controversy, the agribiotechnology debates, and the nanotechnology initiatives—and charts out the role of the NGOs and controversies in (re)defining the science-society relationship in India. The three cases illustrate how NGOs and controversies by their presence or absence at various stages of technology development shape the regulation-making exercise and the overall regulatory governance of science and technology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Convergence or Divergence: Practice of Science by Migrant Faculty in India and the United States.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sabharwal, M.; and Varma, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 42(5): 775–794. September 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sabharwal_convergence_2017,\n\ttitle = {Convergence or {Divergence}: {Practice} of {Science} by {Migrant} {Faculty} in {India} and the {United} {States}},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Convergence or {Divergence}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243916689711},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0162243916689711},\n\tabstract = {Do immigrant faculty trained in American higher education institutions adopt the outlook and practices of native US scientists and engineers (“convergence”), or do they diverge from such practices? The modern science paradigm holds that location will not matter significantly and that immigrants in either place will converge to a common standard of scientific practice. Drawing upon 134 in-depth interviews, this paper compares the scientific practices of two groups of Indian immigrant faculty in science and engineering: (i) those who studied and worked in the United States and then returned to India and (ii) those who continued to work in the United States. This paper shows that the two groups differed in important ways: ease of securing grants, management of grants, research environment, professional autonomy, and research type.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Sabharwal, Meghna and Varma, Roli},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {India, Research Environment, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {775--794},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Do immigrant faculty trained in American higher education institutions adopt the outlook and practices of native US scientists and engineers (“convergence”), or do they diverge from such practices? The modern science paradigm holds that location will not matter significantly and that immigrants in either place will converge to a common standard of scientific practice. Drawing upon 134 in-depth interviews, this paper compares the scientific practices of two groups of Indian immigrant faculty in science and engineering: (i) those who studied and worked in the United States and then returned to India and (ii) those who continued to work in the United States. This paper shows that the two groups differed in important ways: ease of securing grants, management of grants, research environment, professional autonomy, and research type.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Has the Internet Reduced Friendship? Scientific Relationships in Ghana, Kenya, and India, 1994-2010.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shrum, W.; Palackal, A.; Dzorgbo, D. S.; Mbatia, P.; Schafer, M.; Miller, P.; and Rackin, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 42(3): 491–519. May 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shrum_has_2017,\n\ttitle = {Has the {Internet} {Reduced} {Friendship}? {Scientific} {Relationships} in {Ghana}, {Kenya}, and {India}, 1994-2010},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Has the {Internet} {Reduced} {Friendship}?},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243916681851},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0162243916681851},\n\tabstract = {Has the Internet changed the pattern of social relations? More specifically, have social relations undergone any systematic change during the recent widespread diffusion of new communications technology? This question is addressed using a unique longitudinal survey that bookends the entire period of Internet diffusion in two African nations and one Indian state. We analyze data on nine professional linkages reported by a population of agricultural and environmental scientists in Kenya, Ghana, and Kerala over a sixteen-year period (1994-2010). Factor analysis reveals two clusters of relationships, one interpretable as traditional scientific exchange, the other indicating mediated forms of collaboration. While collaboration increases in frequency, friendship declines. We interpret this shift as a consequence of communications technology that facilitates formal projects, reducing the affective dimension of professional association.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Shrum, Wesley and Palackal, Antony and Dzorgbo, Dan-Bright S. and Mbatia, Paul and Schafer, Mark and Miller, Paige and Rackin, Heather},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Digital STS, India, Internet, Kerala, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {491--519},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Has the Internet changed the pattern of social relations? More specifically, have social relations undergone any systematic change during the recent widespread diffusion of new communications technology? This question is addressed using a unique longitudinal survey that bookends the entire period of Internet diffusion in two African nations and one Indian state. We analyze data on nine professional linkages reported by a population of agricultural and environmental scientists in Kenya, Ghana, and Kerala over a sixteen-year period (1994-2010). Factor analysis reveals two clusters of relationships, one interpretable as traditional scientific exchange, the other indicating mediated forms of collaboration. While collaboration increases in frequency, friendship declines. We interpret this shift as a consequence of communications technology that facilitates formal projects, reducing the affective dimension of professional association.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Of Body and Biotechnology: A Gendered Interrogation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nadimpally, S.; Raveendran, A.; and Sivasubramanian, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Sama- Resource Group for Women, New Delhi, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@techreport{nadimpally_body_2017,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Of {Body} and {Biotechnology}: {A} {Gendered} {Interrogation}},\n\turl = {https://samawomenshealth.in/of-body-and-biotechnology-a-gendered-interrogation/},\n\tabstract = {The approach paper draws attention to the newer biotechnologies in healthcare, such as regenerative medicine and genomics, that have begun to make inroads into the Indian market. As legal and regulatory frameworks struggle to grapple with the ethical conundrums posed by them, these newer biotechnologies thrive in a climate of uncertainty, banking on the notion of a promissory future free of illness. Although these technologies raise newer ethical dilemmas related to questions of data privacy, ownership of biological information and patenting or what it means to be “genetically ill”, the ethical concerns related to healthcare technologies are equally relevant for the newer biotechnologies. The paper further maps the ways in which gendered imprints are writ large on emerging biotechnologies in India.},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tinstitution = {Sama- Resource Group for Women},\n\tauthor = {Nadimpally, Sarojini and Raveendran, Aswathy and Sivasubramanian, Prathibha},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {India, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {1--50},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The approach paper draws attention to the newer biotechnologies in healthcare, such as regenerative medicine and genomics, that have begun to make inroads into the Indian market. As legal and regulatory frameworks struggle to grapple with the ethical conundrums posed by them, these newer biotechnologies thrive in a climate of uncertainty, banking on the notion of a promissory future free of illness. Although these technologies raise newer ethical dilemmas related to questions of data privacy, ownership of biological information and patenting or what it means to be “genetically ill”, the ethical concerns related to healthcare technologies are equally relevant for the newer biotechnologies. The paper further maps the ways in which gendered imprints are writ large on emerging biotechnologies in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Atheism and Unbelief among Indian Scientists: Towards an Anthropology of Atheism(s).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thomas, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Society and Culture in South Asia, 3(1): 45–67. January 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{thomas_atheism_2017,\n\ttitle = {Atheism and {Unbelief} among {Indian} {Scientists}: {Towards} an {Anthropology} of {Atheism}(s)},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {2393-8617, 2394-9872},\n\tshorttitle = {Atheism and {Unbelief} among {Indian} {Scientists}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2393861716674292},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/2393861716674292},\n\tabstract = {Taking into account the specific contexts and cultural specificities lends different meanings to categories like ‘atheists’, ‘agnostics’ and ‘materialists’, this ethnographic discussion of scientists shows the limitations of Western atheism to capture the everyday life of Indian scientists. The article argues that Indian atheism(s) need not be, nor is it actually, identical with the brands of Western atheism. By trusting ethnographic data, we see that atheistic scientists called themselves atheists even while accepting that their lifestyle is very much a part of tradition and religion. For them, following the lifestyle of a religion is not antithetical to atheism. The study of atheism and rationality should not be just a simple-minded attempt to find Western parallels. We need to acknowledge the locations while studying atheism(s) and unbelief.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Society and Culture in South Asia},\n\tauthor = {Thomas, Renny},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Atheism, India, Scientist},\n\tpages = {45--67},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Taking into account the specific contexts and cultural specificities lends different meanings to categories like ‘atheists’, ‘agnostics’ and ‘materialists’, this ethnographic discussion of scientists shows the limitations of Western atheism to capture the everyday life of Indian scientists. The article argues that Indian atheism(s) need not be, nor is it actually, identical with the brands of Western atheism. By trusting ethnographic data, we see that atheistic scientists called themselves atheists even while accepting that their lifestyle is very much a part of tradition and religion. For them, following the lifestyle of a religion is not antithetical to atheism. The study of atheism and rationality should not be just a simple-minded attempt to find Western parallels. We need to acknowledge the locations while studying atheism(s) and unbelief.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cities of Neoliberal Future: Urban Utopia in Indian Science Fiction Cinema.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Kuldova, T.; and Varghese, M. A., editor(s), Urban Utopias: Excess and Expulsion in Neoliberal South Asia, pages 97–115. Springer International Publishing, New York, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{varughese_cities_2017,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Cities of {Neoliberal} {Future}: {Urban} {Utopia} in {Indian} {Science} {Fiction} {Cinema}},\n\tisbn = {9783319476230},\n\tshorttitle = {Cities of {Neoliberal} {Future}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47623-0_6},\n\tabstract = {Indian science fiction cinema, in this chapter, becomes a tool for understanding the cultural negotiation of futuristic urban spaces in the neoliberal era. An analysis of Love Story 2050, a utopian time travel film portraying the futuristic Mumbai of 2050, reveals the hidden desires and anxieties of imagining the urban technoscientific spaces as well as a crisis of collective life in the post-liberalization period. Political culture of neoliberal India embodies a desire to inhabit utopian cities of the future, but this desire coproduces cultural anxieties about the loss of the nation’s ‘Hindu essence’. Continuous alterations between the desire for and fear of the utopian city reflect an irresolvable crisis inherent to the ongoing political endeavor of blending neoliberal developmentalism with Hindutva ideology in the making of the global city.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tbooktitle = {Urban {Utopias}: {Excess} and {Expulsion} in {Neoliberal} {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\teditor = {Kuldova, Tereza and Varghese, Mathew A.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-319-47623-0_6},\n\tkeywords = {India, Indian Cinema, Science Fiction, Time Travel},\n\tpages = {97--115},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Indian science fiction cinema, in this chapter, becomes a tool for understanding the cultural negotiation of futuristic urban spaces in the neoliberal era. An analysis of Love Story 2050, a utopian time travel film portraying the futuristic Mumbai of 2050, reveals the hidden desires and anxieties of imagining the urban technoscientific spaces as well as a crisis of collective life in the post-liberalization period. Political culture of neoliberal India embodies a desire to inhabit utopian cities of the future, but this desire coproduces cultural anxieties about the loss of the nation’s ‘Hindu essence’. Continuous alterations between the desire for and fear of the utopian city reflect an irresolvable crisis inherent to the ongoing political endeavor of blending neoliberal developmentalism with Hindutva ideology in the making of the global city.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Visions for India: public participation, debate and the S&T community.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sekhsaria, P.; and Thayyil, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 113(10): 1835–1840. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sekhsaria_visions_2017,\n\ttitle = {Visions for {India}: public participation, debate and the {S}\\&{T} community},\n\tvolume = {113},\n\tissn = {0011-3891},\n\tshorttitle = {Visions for {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26494833},\n\tabstract = {This article is an exploration into the nature, width and scope of science and technology visioning exercises in India, particularly in the context of how these narratives are presented and discussed in Current Science, one of India's premier science journals. We categorize these visions into two broad categories – one is a vision that is more individual and/or domain-specific; the other is the institutionalized vision that has a larger mandate and canvas and that creates imaginaries of the future and/or provides horizons for society and S\\&T to move towards. Prominent examples of the latter are India's Technology Vision 2020 and the most recent, Technology Vision 2035. We observe that visioning exercises in the country have been and continue to be taken up quite prominently, but narratives and debates around them are present only marginally in Current Science. We discuss possible reasons for this and conclude with the hope that more attention will be paid to such exercises and documents on the accounts of investments that are made in them, on the implications these visions have and the importance of imaginaries of the future they create for society, country and for S\\&T.},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2024-03-06},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Sekhsaria, Pankaj and Thayyil, Naveen},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Content Analysis, S\\&T Policy, Vision documents},\n\tpages = {1835--1840},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article is an exploration into the nature, width and scope of science and technology visioning exercises in India, particularly in the context of how these narratives are presented and discussed in Current Science, one of India's premier science journals. We categorize these visions into two broad categories – one is a vision that is more individual and/or domain-specific; the other is the institutionalized vision that has a larger mandate and canvas and that creates imaginaries of the future and/or provides horizons for society and S&T to move towards. Prominent examples of the latter are India's Technology Vision 2020 and the most recent, Technology Vision 2035. We observe that visioning exercises in the country have been and continue to be taken up quite prominently, but narratives and debates around them are present only marginally in Current Science. We discuss possible reasons for this and conclude with the hope that more attention will be paid to such exercises and documents on the accounts of investments that are made in them, on the implications these visions have and the importance of imaginaries of the future they create for society, country and for S&T.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Econophysics and Sociophysics: Recent Progress and Future Directions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abergel, F.; Aoyama, H.; Chakrabarti, B. K.; Chakraborti, A.; Deo, N.; Raina, D.; and Vodenska, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Springer, January 2017.\n Google-Books-ID: CRjjDQAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{abergel_econophysics_2017,\n\ttitle = {Econophysics and {Sociophysics}: {Recent} {Progress} and {Future} {Directions}},\n\tisbn = {9783319477053},\n\tshorttitle = {Econophysics and {Sociophysics}},\n\tabstract = {This book presents the proceedings from ECONOPHYS-2015, an international workshop held in New Delhi, India, on the interrelated fields of “econophysics” and “sociophysics”, which have emerged from the application of statistical physics to economics and sociology. Leading researchers from varied communities, including economists, sociologists, financial analysts, mathematicians, physicists, statisticians, and others, report on their recent work, discuss topical issues, and review the relevant contemporary literature. A society can be described as a group of people who inhabit the same geographical or social territory and are mutually involved through their shared participation in different aspects of life. It is possible to observe and characterize average behaviors of members of a society, an example being voting behavior. Moreover, the dynamic nature of interaction within any economic sector comprising numerous cooperatively interacting agents has many features in common with the interacting systems of statistical physics. It is on these bases that interest has grown in the application within sociology and economics of the tools of statistical mechanics. This book will be of value for all with an interest in this flourishing field.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Springer},\n\tauthor = {Abergel, Frédéric and Aoyama, Hideaki and Chakrabarti, Bikas K. and Chakraborti, Anirban and Deo, Nivedita and Raina, Dhruv and Vodenska, Irena},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: CRjjDQAAQBAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book presents the proceedings from ECONOPHYS-2015, an international workshop held in New Delhi, India, on the interrelated fields of “econophysics” and “sociophysics”, which have emerged from the application of statistical physics to economics and sociology. Leading researchers from varied communities, including economists, sociologists, financial analysts, mathematicians, physicists, statisticians, and others, report on their recent work, discuss topical issues, and review the relevant contemporary literature. A society can be described as a group of people who inhabit the same geographical or social territory and are mutually involved through their shared participation in different aspects of life. It is possible to observe and characterize average behaviors of members of a society, an example being voting behavior. Moreover, the dynamic nature of interaction within any economic sector comprising numerous cooperatively interacting agents has many features in common with the interacting systems of statistical physics. It is on these bases that interest has grown in the application within sociology and economics of the tools of statistical mechanics. This book will be of value for all with an interest in this flourishing field.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Religion: East and West.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fehige, Y.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.\n Google-Books-ID: H38djgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{fehige_science_2016,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Religion}: {East} and {West}},\n\tisbn = {9781138961364},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and {Religion}},\n\tabstract = {This volume situates itself within the context of the rapidly growing interdisciplinary field that is dedicated to the study of the complex interactions between science and religion. It presents an innovative approach insofar as it addresses the Eurocentrism that is still prevalent in this field. At the same time it reveals how science develops in the space that emerges between the 'local' and the 'global'. The volume examines a range of themes central to the interaction between science and religion: 'Eastern' thought within 'Western' science and religion and vice versa, and revisits thinkers who sought to integrate 'Eastern' and 'Western' thinking. It studies Zen Buddhism and its relation to psychotherapy, Islamic science, Vedantic science, atheism in India, and Darwinism, offering in turn new perspectives on a variety of approaches to nature. Part of the Science and Technology Studies series, this volume brings together original perspectives from major scholars from across disciplines and will be of great interest to scholars and students of science and technology studies, history of science, philosophy of science, religious studies, and sociology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge, Taylor \\& Francis Group},\n\tauthor = {Fehige, Yiftach},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: H38djgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Aligarh, Atheism, Bose, J.C., Colonial India, India, Islam \\& Science, Jesuits, Science and Religion, South India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This volume situates itself within the context of the rapidly growing interdisciplinary field that is dedicated to the study of the complex interactions between science and religion. It presents an innovative approach insofar as it addresses the Eurocentrism that is still prevalent in this field. At the same time it reveals how science develops in the space that emerges between the 'local' and the 'global'. The volume examines a range of themes central to the interaction between science and religion: 'Eastern' thought within 'Western' science and religion and vice versa, and revisits thinkers who sought to integrate 'Eastern' and 'Western' thinking. It studies Zen Buddhism and its relation to psychotherapy, Islamic science, Vedantic science, atheism in India, and Darwinism, offering in turn new perspectives on a variety of approaches to nature. Part of the Science and Technology Studies series, this volume brings together original perspectives from major scholars from across disciplines and will be of great interest to scholars and students of science and technology studies, history of science, philosophy of science, religious studies, and sociology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n STS for Development.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Khandekar, A.; Beumer, K.; Mamidipudi, A.; Sekhsaria, P.; and Bijker, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Felt, U.; Fouché, R.; Miller, C.; and Smith-Doerr, L., editor(s), Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, pages 665–693. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{khandekar_sts_2016,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, MA},\n\ttitle = {{STS} for {Development}},\n\turl = {https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/sts-for-development},\n\turldate = {2024-08-07},\n\tbooktitle = {Handbook of {Science} and {Technology} {Studies}},\n\tpublisher = {MIT Press},\n\tauthor = {Khandekar, Aalok and Beumer, Koen and Mamidipudi, Annapurna and Sekhsaria, Pankaj and Bijker, Wiebe},\n\teditor = {Felt, Ulrike and Fouché, Rayvon and Miller, Clark and Smith-Doerr, Laurel},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {665--693},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Social Sciences in the Public Understanding of Science.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Scientific Temper, 4(3-4): 167–187. December 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_social_2016,\n\ttitle = {Social {Sciences} in the\nPublic {Understanding} of {Science}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tabstract = {This essay locates the academic discourse of public understanding of science and technology (PUST) in the context of utopian ideologies of Western Democracies, and in the nationalist discourses on economic development. The role and scope of PUST in the globalised, networked world, buffeted by neoliberal ideologies is discussed in the next section. The internal history of PUST is documented through the conceptual phases in the development of its discourses, along with the epistemological differences – such as deficit model, public engagement and science in society. In the last section of the essay, I briefly deconstruct the conceptual and methodological aspects of\nPUST. While most of the researchers of PUST use social science concepts and methods to communicate (natural) science to lay publics, there is a general absence of communicating social science concepts to\nthe lay publics. I posit a few ideas for the reasons of this lack of reflexive praxis by the PUST researchers and a few suggestions for way forward to inclusive social science communication within PUST.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Scientific Temper},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, P.V.S.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Popular Science, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science \\& Democracy, Science Communication},\n\tpages = {167--187},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This essay locates the academic discourse of public understanding of science and technology (PUST) in the context of utopian ideologies of Western Democracies, and in the nationalist discourses on economic development. The role and scope of PUST in the globalised, networked world, buffeted by neoliberal ideologies is discussed in the next section. The internal history of PUST is documented through the conceptual phases in the development of its discourses, along with the epistemological differences – such as deficit model, public engagement and science in society. In the last section of the essay, I briefly deconstruct the conceptual and methodological aspects of PUST. While most of the researchers of PUST use social science concepts and methods to communicate (natural) science to lay publics, there is a general absence of communicating social science concepts to the lay publics. I posit a few ideas for the reasons of this lack of reflexive praxis by the PUST researchers and a few suggestions for way forward to inclusive social science communication within PUST.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Critique of the Claims about Mobile Phones and Kerala Fisherman: The Importance of the Context of Complex Social Systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Steyn, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 74(1): 1–31. May 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{steyn_critique_2016,\n\ttitle = {A {Critique} of the {Claims} about {Mobile} {Phones} and {Kerala} {Fisherman}: {The} {Importance} of the {Context} of {Complex} {Social} {Systems}},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tcopyright = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions\\#vor},\n\tissn = {1681-4835, 1681-4835},\n\tshorttitle = {A {Critique} of the {Claims} about {Mobile} {Phones} and {Kerala} {Fisherman}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2016.tb00537.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/j.1681-4835.2016.tb00537.x},\n\tabstract = {This paper challenges some fundamental aspects of research and conclusions relating to the use of technology for community development. Views of technology, in this case the mobile phone, as a tool for increased economic welfare are often skewed due to extreme reductionism, ambiguous interview questions and poor data sources. Research of complex social systems or sub‐systems give the wrong answers when reductionist methodologies are used. To demonstrate such shortcomings, the 2007 paper of Robert Jensen serves as an example. His conclusion that mobile phones enable Kerala fishermen to increase their economic welfare is the most cited paper on ICT4D topics, but there are fundamental methodological and logical problems with the claim, while other research came to contradictory conclusions. This critique is presented on many levels: ideological, paradigmatic, methodology, logical, statistical and semantic.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-09-10},\n\tjournal = {The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries},\n\tauthor = {Steyn, Jacques},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Complex Adaptive Systems, Fisherfolk, ICT, Kerala, Mobile Phones, Rural Development},\n\tpages = {1--31},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper challenges some fundamental aspects of research and conclusions relating to the use of technology for community development. Views of technology, in this case the mobile phone, as a tool for increased economic welfare are often skewed due to extreme reductionism, ambiguous interview questions and poor data sources. Research of complex social systems or sub‐systems give the wrong answers when reductionist methodologies are used. To demonstrate such shortcomings, the 2007 paper of Robert Jensen serves as an example. His conclusion that mobile phones enable Kerala fishermen to increase their economic welfare is the most cited paper on ICT4D topics, but there are fundamental methodological and logical problems with the claim, while other research came to contradictory conclusions. This critique is presented on many levels: ideological, paradigmatic, methodology, logical, statistical and semantic.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Sociality of Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ssarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 111(11): 1731–1732. December 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ssarukkai_sociality_2016,\n\ttitle = {The {Sociality} of {Science}},\n\tvolume = {111},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24911521?searchText=sundar%20sarukkai&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dsundar%2Bsarukkai%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A65cb3f718ef983f7287aad5be99ae62a},\n\tabstract = {Guest Editorial to the Issue},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Ssarukkai, Sundar},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {1731--1732},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Guest Editorial to the Issue\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science in Saffron: Skeptical Essays on History of Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Three Essays Collective, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{nanda_science_2016,\n\ttitle = {Science in {Saffron}: {Skeptical} {Essays} on {History} of {Science}},\n\tisbn = {978-93-83968-08-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Science in {Saffron}},\n\turl = {https://www.threeessays.com/product/science-in-saffron-skeptical-essays-on-history-of-science/},\n\tabstract = {There is much talk of the glories of ancient Hindu sciences in India today. Landmark discoveries in every field of science, from mathematics to medicine, are being credited to ancient scientists-sages of India. This book places such priority claims in a comparative global history of science. While fully acknowledging the substantial contributions of Indian geometers, mathematicians, physicians, artisans and craftsmen, it challenges their glorification for nationalistic purposes. It also questions the neo-Hindu scientization of yoga and Vedanta pioneered by Swami Vivekananda. Backed by the best available scholarship on history of science, this book offers a reading of history of Indian science without the hype that has come to surround it.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Three Essays Collective},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {India, Political campaigns, Religion \\& Science, Religious Nationalism, Science \\& Culture, Traditional knowledge, Yoga},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n There is much talk of the glories of ancient Hindu sciences in India today. Landmark discoveries in every field of science, from mathematics to medicine, are being credited to ancient scientists-sages of India. This book places such priority claims in a comparative global history of science. While fully acknowledging the substantial contributions of Indian geometers, mathematicians, physicians, artisans and craftsmen, it challenges their glorification for nationalistic purposes. It also questions the neo-Hindu scientization of yoga and Vedanta pioneered by Swami Vivekananda. Backed by the best available scholarship on history of science, this book offers a reading of history of Indian science without the hype that has come to surround it.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Telling Histories of the Future: The Imaginaries of Indian Technoscience.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Philip, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Identities, 23(3): 276–293. May 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{philip_telling_2016,\n\ttitle = {Telling {Histories} of the {Future}: {The} {Imaginaries} of {Indian} {Technoscience}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {1070-289X, 1547-3384},\n\tshorttitle = {Telling histories of the future},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1070289X.2015.1034129},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/1070289X.2015.1034129},\n\tabstract = {When, in 1947, India became independent, its archetypal citizen-subject was the farmer; 60 years later it was the software engineer. Increasingly central, rather than marginal, in global economic networks, India’s popular image at the beginning of the twenty-first century is of a postcolonial nation that has successfully used technology to leapfrog over its historical legacy of underdevelopment. This shift in ideal citizen archetypes, from farmer to digital entrepreneur, has brought with it new assumptions about the role of information technology in shaping citizenly behaviour and nationalist subjectivity. This paper reads the contradictory aesthetics of this arrival by interrogating popular technological tropes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Identities},\n\tauthor = {Philip, Kavita},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Development, India, Modernisation, Post Colonial Science, Post-Independence India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Technocracy, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {276--293},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n When, in 1947, India became independent, its archetypal citizen-subject was the farmer; 60 years later it was the software engineer. Increasingly central, rather than marginal, in global economic networks, India’s popular image at the beginning of the twenty-first century is of a postcolonial nation that has successfully used technology to leapfrog over its historical legacy of underdevelopment. This shift in ideal citizen archetypes, from farmer to digital entrepreneur, has brought with it new assumptions about the role of information technology in shaping citizenly behaviour and nationalist subjectivity. This paper reads the contradictory aesthetics of this arrival by interrogating popular technological tropes.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Legacy of the Freedom Struggle: Nehru's Scientific and Cultural Vision.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, S. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 44(3-4): 29–40. April 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{habib_legacy_2016,\n\ttitle = {Legacy of the {Freedom} {Struggle}: {Nehru}'s {Scientific} and {Cultural} {Vision}},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24890242},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Habib, S. Irfan},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Nation State, National Movement, Nehru, Jawaharlal, Nehruvian Science, Post-Independence India},\n\tpages = {29--40},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Staying Alive: Women, Ecology, and Development.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shiva, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zed Books Ltd.; Kali for Women, London and New Delhi, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{shiva_staying_2016,\n\taddress = {London and New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Staying {Alive}: {Women}, {Ecology}, and {Development}},\n\tshorttitle = {Staying alive},\n\turl = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vR3XCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR13&dq=info:GnNx_WXfDGAJ:scholar.google.com&ots=wu9FHzHsJh&sig=DArpk3wpF7LtyG38X278R2W-q3s},\n\turldate = {2024-03-28},\n\tpublisher = {Zed Books Ltd.; Kali for Women},\n\tauthor = {Shiva, Vandana},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Ecofeminism, Ecology and Development, Feminist Epistemology, Feminist STS, Gender \\& Science, Traditional knowledge, Women},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Doctoring Traditions: Ayurveda, Small Technologies, and Braided Sciences.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Chicago Press, Chicago, October 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{mukharji_doctoring_2016,\n\taddress = {Chicago},\n\ttitle = {Doctoring {Traditions}: {Ayurveda}, {Small} {Technologies}, and {Braided} {Sciences}},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tisbn = {9780226381824},\n\tshorttitle = {Doctoring {Traditions}},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226381824/html},\n\tabstract = {Like many of the traditional medicines of South Asia, Ayurvedic practice transformed dramatically in the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With Doctoring Tradition , Projit Bihari Mukharji offers a close look at that recasting, upending the widely held yet little-examined belief that it was the result of the introduction of Western anatomical knowledge and cadaveric dissection. Rather, Mukharji reveals, what instigated those changes were a number of small technologies that were introduced in the period by Ayurvedic physicians, men who were simultaneously Victorian gentlemen and members of a particular Bengali caste. The introduction of these devices, including thermometers, watches, and microscopes, Mukharji shows, ultimately led to a dramatic reimagining of the body. By the 1930s, there emerged a new Ayurvedic body that was marked as distinct from a biomedical body. Despite the protestations of difference, this new Ayurvedic body was largely compatible with it. The more irreconcilable elements of the old Ayurvedic body were then rendered therapeutically indefensible and impossible to imagine in practice. The new Ayurvedic medicine was the product not of an embrace of Western approaches, but of a creative attempt to develop a viable alternative to the Western tradition by braiding together elements drawn from internally diverse traditions of the West and the East.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Medicine, Bengal, British Empire, Everyday Technologies, Healing, History of Science \\& Technology, India, South Asia},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Like many of the traditional medicines of South Asia, Ayurvedic practice transformed dramatically in the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With Doctoring Tradition , Projit Bihari Mukharji offers a close look at that recasting, upending the widely held yet little-examined belief that it was the result of the introduction of Western anatomical knowledge and cadaveric dissection. Rather, Mukharji reveals, what instigated those changes were a number of small technologies that were introduced in the period by Ayurvedic physicians, men who were simultaneously Victorian gentlemen and members of a particular Bengali caste. The introduction of these devices, including thermometers, watches, and microscopes, Mukharji shows, ultimately led to a dramatic reimagining of the body. By the 1930s, there emerged a new Ayurvedic body that was marked as distinct from a biomedical body. Despite the protestations of difference, this new Ayurvedic body was largely compatible with it. The more irreconcilable elements of the old Ayurvedic body were then rendered therapeutically indefensible and impossible to imagine in practice. The new Ayurvedic medicine was the product not of an embrace of Western approaches, but of a creative attempt to develop a viable alternative to the Western tradition by braiding together elements drawn from internally diverse traditions of the West and the East.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Innovation Processes of Cymbopogon Citratus Tea in Manipur, India: An Actor Network Theory Perspective.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Devi, W. P.; and Kumar, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation (IJANTTI), 8(3): 10–25. July 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{devi_innovation_2016,\n\ttitle = {Innovation {Processes} of {Cymbopogon} {Citratus} {Tea} in {Manipur}, {India}: {An} {Actor} {Network} {Theory} {Perspective}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tcopyright = {Access limited to members},\n\tshorttitle = {Innovation {Processes} of {Cymbopogon} {Citratus} {Tea} in {Manipur}, {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.igi-global.com/article/innovation-processes-of-cymbopogon-citratus-tea-in-manipur-india/www.igi-global.com/article/innovation-processes-of-cymbopogon-citratus-tea-in-manipur-india/175309},\n\tdoi = {10.4018/IJANTTI.2016070102},\n\tabstract = {By adopting Actor Network Theory (ANT) in the empirical context of Cymbopogon citratus Tea (CC Tea) in Manipur, this paper analyses the networks of key actors in the innovation process. Innovation happens when there is an interaction between actors, institutions and economic structures across the level of hierarchy. In this process, there has been a close association between human and non human. Ethnographic case study is used to understand the socio-cultural and ethnographical context of key actors in the CC Tea innovation process. Semi structured in-depth interview has been conducted to the selected areas. It concludes that ANT is highly significant to understand the networks of humans and non humans associated with the innovation process thereby giving a new theoretical interpretation in the Science and Technology Studies (STS) domain in this sector.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation (IJANTTI)},\n\tauthor = {Devi, Wairokpam Premi and Kumar, Hemant},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Actor–Network Theory, India, Innovation Studies, Manipur},\n\tpages = {10--25},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n By adopting Actor Network Theory (ANT) in the empirical context of Cymbopogon citratus Tea (CC Tea) in Manipur, this paper analyses the networks of key actors in the innovation process. Innovation happens when there is an interaction between actors, institutions and economic structures across the level of hierarchy. In this process, there has been a close association between human and non human. Ethnographic case study is used to understand the socio-cultural and ethnographical context of key actors in the CC Tea innovation process. Semi structured in-depth interview has been conducted to the selected areas. It concludes that ANT is highly significant to understand the networks of humans and non humans associated with the innovation process thereby giving a new theoretical interpretation in the Science and Technology Studies (STS) domain in this sector.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A Life in Science.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rao, C. N. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Penguin UK, November 2016.\n Google-Books-ID: FBxwDQAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rao_life_2016,\n\ttitle = {A {Life} in {Science}},\n\tisbn = {9789385990212},\n\tabstract = {Dr C.N.R. Rao talks about his journey and what it takes to become a great scientist. With rare photos, the book covers his early years, his inspirations, the odds he had to overcome to pursue his dream, and what it means to be a scientist in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Penguin UK},\n\tauthor = {Rao, C. N. R.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: FBxwDQAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Autobiography, Scientific Elites, Scientist},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Dr C.N.R. Rao talks about his journey and what it takes to become a great scientist. With rare photos, the book covers his early years, his inspirations, the odds he had to overcome to pursue his dream, and what it means to be a scientist in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Moments of Eureka: Life and Work of Selected Indian Scientists.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raza, G.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), Rajya Sabha TV and Vigyan Prasar, DST, New Delhi, 2016.\n Google-Books-ID: EqurAQAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{raza_moments_2016,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Moments of {Eureka}: {Life} and {Work} of {Selected} {Indian} {Scientists}},\n\tisbn = {9788174802835},\n\tshorttitle = {Moments of {Eureka}},\n\tabstract = {Interviews with selected Indian scientists},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), Rajya Sabha TV and Vigyan Prasar, DST},\n\teditor = {Raza, Gauhar},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: EqurAQAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Autobiography, Memoirs, Scientific Elites},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Interviews with selected Indian scientists\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Scientifically Yours: Selected Indian Women Scientists.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raza, G.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) and Vigyan Prasar (An Autonomous Institution under the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{raza_scientifically_2016,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Scientifically {Yours}: {Selected} {Indian} {Women} {Scientists}},\n\tisbn = {9788174802842},\n\tshorttitle = {Scientifically {Yours}},\n\tabstract = {Interviews with women scientists},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) and Vigyan Prasar (An Autonomous Institution under the Department of Science \\& Technology, Government of India},\n\teditor = {Raza, Gauhar},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Gender \\& Science, Women in medicine, Women in science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Interviews with women scientists\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Planning for Science and Technology in China and India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Phalkey, J.; and Wang, Z.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BJHS Themes, 1: 83–113. January 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{phalkey_planning_2016,\n\ttitle = {Planning for {Science} and {Technology} in {China} and {India}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {2058-850X, 2056-354X},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjhs-themes/article/planning-for-science-and-technology-in-china-and-india/ADEE4E1AE59568A0B053E9E39AD7F6E2},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/bjt.2016.9},\n\tabstract = {Planning for science and technology was a global phenomenon in the mid-twentieth century. A few countries drew up comprehensive five-year plans adapting from the Soviet model: China and India were two new developing countries to do so. In this paper we examine the early efforts at national planning for science and technology as seen in the Chinese twelve-year science and technology plan (1956–1967) and the five-year (1974–1979) science and technology plan of India. These are two historically distinct moments globally and two separate attempts specifically. What tie them together are the goals both sought to accomplish: of science- and technology-led industrialization and development, many times in comparison and sometimes in competition with each other. We show that these two incomplete exercises show us the complex histories of institutions and processes that confirm state-led faith in and engagement with science and technology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tjournal = {BJHS Themes},\n\tauthor = {Phalkey, Jahnavi and Wang, Zuoyue},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Science and Democracy, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {83--113},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Planning for science and technology was a global phenomenon in the mid-twentieth century. A few countries drew up comprehensive five-year plans adapting from the Soviet model: China and India were two new developing countries to do so. In this paper we examine the early efforts at national planning for science and technology as seen in the Chinese twelve-year science and technology plan (1956–1967) and the five-year (1974–1979) science and technology plan of India. These are two historically distinct moments globally and two separate attempts specifically. What tie them together are the goals both sought to accomplish: of science- and technology-led industrialization and development, many times in comparison and sometimes in competition with each other. We show that these two incomplete exercises show us the complex histories of institutions and processes that confirm state-led faith in and engagement with science and technology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Parachemistries: Colonial Chemopolitics in a Zone of Contest.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History of Science, 54(4): 362–382. December 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_parachemistries_2016,\n\ttitle = {Parachemistries: {Colonial} {Chemopolitics} in a {Zone} of {Contest}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tissn = {0073-2753, 1753-8564},\n\tshorttitle = {Parachemistries},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0073275316681803},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0073275316681803},\n\tabstract = {The globalization of modern chemistry through European colonialism resulted, by the end of the nineteenth century, in the emergence of a number of parachemical knowledges. Parachemistries were bodies of non-European knowledge which came to be related to modern chemistry within particular historical milieux. Their relationship with modern chemistry was not necessarily epistemic and structural, but historical and performative. Actual historically located intellectuals posited their relationship. Such relationships were not merely abstract intellectual exercises; at a time when the practical uses of modern chemistry in statecraft were growing, the existence of these rival, competing parachemical knowledges challenged modern chemistry’s regulatory deployments. Colonial locations emerged then not as mere ‘contact zones’, but as ‘zones of conflict’ where colonial chemopolitics was interrupted by the continued legitimacy and practice of parachemistries such as rasayana, kimiya, and neidan.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Alchemy, Chemistry, Chemopolitics, History of Medicine, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Knowledge},\n\tpages = {362--382},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The globalization of modern chemistry through European colonialism resulted, by the end of the nineteenth century, in the emergence of a number of parachemical knowledges. Parachemistries were bodies of non-European knowledge which came to be related to modern chemistry within particular historical milieux. Their relationship with modern chemistry was not necessarily epistemic and structural, but historical and performative. Actual historically located intellectuals posited their relationship. Such relationships were not merely abstract intellectual exercises; at a time when the practical uses of modern chemistry in statecraft were growing, the existence of these rival, competing parachemical knowledges challenged modern chemistry’s regulatory deployments. Colonial locations emerged then not as mere ‘contact zones’, but as ‘zones of conflict’ where colonial chemopolitics was interrupted by the continued legitimacy and practice of parachemistries such as rasayana, kimiya, and neidan.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Green-Revolution Epistemologies in China and India: Technocracy and Revolution in the Production of Scientific Knowledge and Peasant Identity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Saha, M.; and Schmalzer, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BJHS Themes, 1: 145–167. January 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{saha_green-revolution_2016,\n\ttitle = {Green-{Revolution} {Epistemologies} in {China} and {India}: {Technocracy} and {Revolution} in the {Production} of {Scientific} {Knowledge} and {Peasant} {Identity}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {2058-850X, 2056-354X},\n\tshorttitle = {Green-revolution epistemologies in {China} and {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjhs-themes/article/greenrevolution-epistemologies-in-china-and-india-technocracy-and-revolution-in-the-production-of-scientific-knowledge-and-peasant-identity/38253E1DA101DEBAA1D0B65A9193E67E},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/bjt.2016.2},\n\tabstract = {This paper juxtaposes the epistemological challenges raised by new agricultural technologies in India and China during the mid- to late twentieth century. In both places, the state actively sought to adopt the ‘improved’ seeds and chemical inputs of what USAID triumphantly called the ‘green revolution’; however, in neither country did this imply an unproblematic acceptance of the technocratic assumptions that undergirded the US programme. India and China's distinct ideological contexts produced divergent epistemological alternatives to the US vision, with particularly important differences in the perceived relationship between the sociopolitical and technoscientific realms and also in the understanding of what constituted a ‘modern’ farmer. In India, critics persistently challenged the technocratic state to consider social, political and economic aspects of agrarian modernization, but radical leaders in Mao-era China went considerably further in attacking the very notion that technological change could be divorced from social and political revolution. Leaders in both India and China sought to overcome ‘backwardness’ and ‘superstition’; however, the Indian state held up examples of farmers who exemplified capitalist ideals of modernity through their willingness to take risks in pursuit of profit, while Chinese leaders valorized peasant technicians who combined experience in labour, new technical knowledge and faith in socialist revolution.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {BJHS Themes},\n\tauthor = {Saha, Madhumita and Schmalzer, Sigrid},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, India, Technocracy},\n\tpages = {145--167},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper juxtaposes the epistemological challenges raised by new agricultural technologies in India and China during the mid- to late twentieth century. In both places, the state actively sought to adopt the ‘improved’ seeds and chemical inputs of what USAID triumphantly called the ‘green revolution’; however, in neither country did this imply an unproblematic acceptance of the technocratic assumptions that undergirded the US programme. India and China's distinct ideological contexts produced divergent epistemological alternatives to the US vision, with particularly important differences in the perceived relationship between the sociopolitical and technoscientific realms and also in the understanding of what constituted a ‘modern’ farmer. In India, critics persistently challenged the technocratic state to consider social, political and economic aspects of agrarian modernization, but radical leaders in Mao-era China went considerably further in attacking the very notion that technological change could be divorced from social and political revolution. Leaders in both India and China sought to overcome ‘backwardness’ and ‘superstition’; however, the Indian state held up examples of farmers who exemplified capitalist ideals of modernity through their willingness to take risks in pursuit of profit, while Chinese leaders valorized peasant technicians who combined experience in labour, new technical knowledge and faith in socialist revolution.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The East India Company, the Company’s Museum, and the Political Economy of Natural History in the Early Nineteenth Century.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ratcliff, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 107(3): 495–517. September 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{ratcliff_east_2016,\n\ttitle = {The {East} {India} {Company}, the {Company}’s {Museum}, and the {Political} {Economy} of {Natural} {History} in the {Early} {Nineteenth} {Century}},\n\tvolume = {107},\n\tissn = {0021-1753, 1545-6994},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/688433},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/688433},\n\tabstract = {At the turn of the nineteenth century, at its headquarters in the City of London, the Honourable East India Company established a new museum and library. By midcentury this museum would contain one of Europe’s most extensive collections of the natural history, arts, and sciences of Asia. This essay uses the early history of the company’s museum, focusing in particular on its natural history collections, to explore the material relationship between scientific practice and the imperial political economy. Much of the collections had been gathered in the wake of military campaigns, trade missions, or administrative surveys. Once specimens and reports arrived in Leadenhall Street and passed through the museum storage areas, this plunder would become the stuff of science, going on to feed the growth of disciplines, societies, and projects in Britain and beyond. In this way, the East India Company was integral to the information and communication infrastructures within which many sciences then operated. Collections-based disciplines and societies flourished in this period; their growth, it is argued, was coextensive with administrative and political economic change at institutions like the East India Company. The essay first explores the company’s practices and patterns of collecting and then considers the consequences of this accumulation for aspects of scientific practice—particularly the growth of scientific societies—in both London and Calcutta.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Ratcliff, Jessica},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, British Empire, Calcutta, East India Company, India, Kolkata, Library, Museum, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Scientific Societies, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {495--517},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n At the turn of the nineteenth century, at its headquarters in the City of London, the Honourable East India Company established a new museum and library. By midcentury this museum would contain one of Europe’s most extensive collections of the natural history, arts, and sciences of Asia. This essay uses the early history of the company’s museum, focusing in particular on its natural history collections, to explore the material relationship between scientific practice and the imperial political economy. Much of the collections had been gathered in the wake of military campaigns, trade missions, or administrative surveys. Once specimens and reports arrived in Leadenhall Street and passed through the museum storage areas, this plunder would become the stuff of science, going on to feed the growth of disciplines, societies, and projects in Britain and beyond. In this way, the East India Company was integral to the information and communication infrastructures within which many sciences then operated. Collections-based disciplines and societies flourished in this period; their growth, it is argued, was coextensive with administrative and political economic change at institutions like the East India Company. The essay first explores the company’s practices and patterns of collecting and then considers the consequences of this accumulation for aspects of scientific practice—particularly the growth of scientific societies—in both London and Calcutta.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science of Giants: China and India in the Twentieth Century.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Phalkey, J.; and Lam, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BJHS Themes, 1: 1–11. January 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{phalkey_science_2016,\n\ttitle = {Science of {Giants}: {China} and {India} in the {Twentieth} {Century}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {2058-850X, 2056-354X},\n\tshorttitle = {Science of giants},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjhs-themes/article/science-of-giants-china-and-india-in-the-twentieth-century/64C68A635054E4D6394C953A2978695C},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/bjt.2016.12},\n\tabstract = {How might one tell the histories of China and India – two countries that have come to be seen as twenty-first-century giants? How might one tell of how they look to the world and to each other? In this issue we juxtapose, connect and compare the two. Ours is an attempt at a historiography of twentieth-century modernity in China and India beyond the encouragement of Euro-American historiography. We seize this opportunity provided by the contemporary engagement and concern with the two countries to reinterpret the narratives of their twentieth-century transformation, which are far from settled at the moment. We bring historical knowledge to speak usefully to the excitement, anxiety and aspiration around science and technology in China and India. We bring the same to speak meaningfully to the cynicism, admonition and expectations that the world has of them. We use China and India as a method of exploring new historiographical questions of science. We are invested in extending the relevance of studying China and India to the world at large through connections, references and juxtaposition, and by raising questions that, on the one hand, expose the limits of the Euro-American experience and, on the other, open up the intellectual and historiographical space for narratives and theoretical frameworks that are not tied to geopolitical significance. This paper sets out these issues and introduces the papers of the collection.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-30},\n\tjournal = {BJHS Themes},\n\tauthor = {Phalkey, Jahnavi and Lam, Tong},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {India},\n\tpages = {1--11},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n How might one tell the histories of China and India – two countries that have come to be seen as twenty-first-century giants? How might one tell of how they look to the world and to each other? In this issue we juxtapose, connect and compare the two. Ours is an attempt at a historiography of twentieth-century modernity in China and India beyond the encouragement of Euro-American historiography. We seize this opportunity provided by the contemporary engagement and concern with the two countries to reinterpret the narratives of their twentieth-century transformation, which are far from settled at the moment. We bring historical knowledge to speak usefully to the excitement, anxiety and aspiration around science and technology in China and India. We bring the same to speak meaningfully to the cynicism, admonition and expectations that the world has of them. We use China and India as a method of exploring new historiographical questions of science. We are invested in extending the relevance of studying China and India to the world at large through connections, references and juxtaposition, and by raising questions that, on the one hand, expose the limits of the Euro-American experience and, on the other, open up the intellectual and historiographical space for narratives and theoretical frameworks that are not tied to geopolitical significance. This paper sets out these issues and introduces the papers of the collection.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Inter-Institutional Collaborative Networking in the Intellectual Property Rights Regime: Research in Plant Molecular Biology in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mallick, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Biotechnology, 14(2): 89. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n@article{mallick_inter-institutional_2016,\n\ttitle = {Inter-{Institutional} {Collaborative} {Networking} in the {Intellectual} {Property} {Rights} {Regime}: {Research} in {Plant} {Molecular} {Biology} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {0963-6048, 1741-5020},\n\tshorttitle = {Inter-institutional collaborative networking in the intellectual property rights regime},\n\turl = {http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=77940},\n\tdoi = {10.1504/IJBT.2016.077940},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Biotechnology},\n\tauthor = {Mallick, Sambit},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Research, India, Molecular biology, Plant Breeding, Research collaboration, Scientific Community, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {89},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Exploring the Contemporary Debate over Islam and Science in India: Portrait of the Aligarh School.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bigliardi, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Fehige, Y., editor(s), Science and Religion: East and West, pages 174–186. Routledge, London & New York, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@incollection{bigliardi_exploring_2016,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Exploring the {Contemporary} {Debate} over {Islam} and {Science} in {India}: {Portrait} of the {Aligarh} {School}},\n\tisbn = {9781138488670},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Science-and-Religion-East-and-West/Fehige/p/book/9781138488670?srsltid=AfmBOoq8Tk82Im2jYgabDoLyD-UJEZomm0fe7H2D1R-m1k7-JZ-qjB1W},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Religion}: {East} and {West}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Bigliardi, Stephano},\n\teditor = {Fehige, Yiftach},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Aligarh, India, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, Islam/Muslim, Science and Religion},\n\tpages = {174--186},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Moratorium on Genetically Modified Brinjal in India: Is Evidence-Based Policy Making an Adequate Framework?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kalle, J.; and Ejnavarzala, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Biotechnology & Development Review, 18(2). July 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{kalle_moratorium_2016,\n\ttitle = {Moratorium on {Genetically} {Modified} {Brinjal} in {India}: {Is} {Evidence}-{Based} {Policy} {Making} an {Adequate} {Framework}?},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {0972-7566},\n\tshorttitle = {Moratorium on {Genetically} {Modified} {Brinjal} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/gcd:120741852?sid=ebsco:plink:crawler&id=ebsco:gcd:120741852},\n\tabstract = {Citizens and their organisations in liberal democratic countries criticise public policies as they have little or no knowledge as to what goes into the public policy making. In this context, questions like what is the nature, origin, status and relative influence of evidence from different sources in the decision-making process assume centrality. The present paper addresses these questions by focussing on the decision of the Government of India in 2010 to impose moratorium on the commercial release of GM brinjal. The present study is ex-post facto analysis of proceedings of the public consultations held in seven cities by the then Minister of State for Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF), Government of India and other sources of data which the Minister made use of in announcing the moratorium. The study explores the interpretation that was given to evidence-based policy making by the Government of India represented by the MOEF. On the basis of the findings, the study argues that the scientific evidence provided by the relevant regulatory committee to the Minister for commercial release was seen by the Minister as inadequate for evolving a policy which has economic, social cultural and environmental implications. The study clearly shows that the evidence-based policy making, based on positivist/empiricist methods has epistemological limitations to deal with socio-economic considerations which are linked to values. The study proposes that the Post-Normal Science (PNS) provides an alternative framework which recognises the significance of fact-value interrelations in the analysis of dynamic interaction between science and society.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Asian Biotechnology \\& Development Review},\n\tauthor = {Kalle, Jacob and Ejnavarzala, Haribabu},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Bt Brinjal, Evidence Based Policy Making, GMOs, India, Post Normal Science, Public Policy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Citizens and their organisations in liberal democratic countries criticise public policies as they have little or no knowledge as to what goes into the public policy making. In this context, questions like what is the nature, origin, status and relative influence of evidence from different sources in the decision-making process assume centrality. The present paper addresses these questions by focussing on the decision of the Government of India in 2010 to impose moratorium on the commercial release of GM brinjal. The present study is ex-post facto analysis of proceedings of the public consultations held in seven cities by the then Minister of State for Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF), Government of India and other sources of data which the Minister made use of in announcing the moratorium. The study explores the interpretation that was given to evidence-based policy making by the Government of India represented by the MOEF. On the basis of the findings, the study argues that the scientific evidence provided by the relevant regulatory committee to the Minister for commercial release was seen by the Minister as inadequate for evolving a policy which has economic, social cultural and environmental implications. The study clearly shows that the evidence-based policy making, based on positivist/empiricist methods has epistemological limitations to deal with socio-economic considerations which are linked to values. The study proposes that the Post-Normal Science (PNS) provides an alternative framework which recognises the significance of fact-value interrelations in the analysis of dynamic interaction between science and society.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Indian Doctors in Kenya, 1895-1940: The Forgotten History.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Greenwood, A.; and Topiwala, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Palgrave Macmillan, New York, January 2016.\n Google-Books-ID: r5gMCgAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{greenwood_indian_2016,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Indian {Doctors} in {Kenya}, 1895-1940: {The} {Forgotten} {History}},\n\tisbn = {9781137440532},\n\tshorttitle = {Indian {Doctors} in {Kenya}, 1895-1940},\n\tabstract = {This ground-breaking book offers unique insights into the careers of Indian doctors in colonial Kenya during the height of British colonialism, between 1895 and 1940. The story of these important Indian professionals presents a rare social history of an important political minority.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},\n\tauthor = {Greenwood, A. and Topiwala, H.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: r5gMCgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Africa, Colonialism, Comparative Analysis, Kenya, Medical Doctors, Professional Network, Social History of Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This ground-breaking book offers unique insights into the careers of Indian doctors in colonial Kenya during the height of British colonialism, between 1895 and 1940. The story of these important Indian professionals presents a rare social history of an important political minority.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Toxic Histories: Poison and Pollution in Modern India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arnold, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, February 2016.\n Google-Books-ID: ZWWSCwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{arnold_toxic_2016,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Toxic {Histories}: {Poison} and {Pollution} in {Modern} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781107126978},\n\tshorttitle = {Toxic {Histories}},\n\tabstract = {Toxic Histories combines social, scientific, medical and environmental history to demonstrate the critical importance of poison and pollution to colonial governance, scientific authority and public anxiety in India between the 1830s and 1950s. Against the background of India's 'poison culture' and periodic 'poison panics', David Arnold considers why many familiar substances came to be regarded under colonialism as dangerous poisons. As well as the criminal uses of poison, Toxic Histories shows how European and Indian scientists were instrumental in creating a distinctive system of forensic toxicology and medical jurisprudence designed for Indian needs and conditions, and how local, as well as universal, poison knowledge could serve constructive scientific and medical purposes. Arnold reflects on how the 'fear of a poisoned world' spilt over into concerns about contamination and pollution, giving ideas of toxicity a wider social and political significance that has continued into India's postcolonial era.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Arnold, David},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ZWWSCwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Poison, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Toxicology, Toxins},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Toxic Histories combines social, scientific, medical and environmental history to demonstrate the critical importance of poison and pollution to colonial governance, scientific authority and public anxiety in India between the 1830s and 1950s. Against the background of India's 'poison culture' and periodic 'poison panics', David Arnold considers why many familiar substances came to be regarded under colonialism as dangerous poisons. As well as the criminal uses of poison, Toxic Histories shows how European and Indian scientists were instrumental in creating a distinctive system of forensic toxicology and medical jurisprudence designed for Indian needs and conditions, and how local, as well as universal, poison knowledge could serve constructive scientific and medical purposes. Arnold reflects on how the 'fear of a poisoned world' spilt over into concerns about contamination and pollution, giving ideas of toxicity a wider social and political significance that has continued into India's postcolonial era.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Being Religious, Being Scientific: Science, Religion and Atheism in Contemporary India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thomas, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Fehige, Y., editor(s), Science and Religion: East and West, pages 140–157. Routledge, London & New York, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{thomas_being_2016,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Being {Religious}, {Being} {Scientific}: {Science}, {Religion} and {Atheism} in {Contemporary} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781138488670},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Science-and-Religion-East-and-West/Fehige/p/book/9781138488670?srsltid=AfmBOoq8Tk82Im2jYgabDoLyD-UJEZomm0fe7H2D1R-m1k7-JZ-qjB1W},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Religion}: {East} and {West}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Thomas, Renny},\n\teditor = {Fehige, Yiftach},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Atheism, India, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, Science and Religion},\n\tpages = {140--157},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ancient Indian Philosophy Meets Modern Western Science: Discussions of Causality and Consciousness in the Colonial Indian Academy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhushan, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Fehige, Y., editor(s), Science and Religion: East and West, pages 123–139. Routledge, London & New York, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{bhushan_ancient_2016,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Ancient {Indian} {Philosophy} {Meets} {Modern} {Western} {Science}: {Discussions} of {Causality} and {Consciousness} in the {Colonial} {Indian} {Academy}},\n\tisbn = {9781138488670},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Science-and-Religion-East-and-West/Fehige/p/book/9781138488670?srsltid=AfmBOoq8Tk82Im2jYgabDoLyD-UJEZomm0fe7H2D1R-m1k7-JZ-qjB1W},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Religion}: {East} and {West}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Bhushan, Nalini},\n\teditor = {Fehige, Yiftach},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial History, Colonial Science, Colonialism, India, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, Philosophy, Philosophy of Science, Science and Religion},\n\tpages = {123--139},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Jagadish Chandra Bose and Vedantic Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brown, C. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Fehige, Y., editor(s), Science and Religion: East and West, pages 104–122. Routledge, London & New York, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{brown_jagadish_2016,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Jagadish {Chandra} {Bose} and {Vedantic} {Science}},\n\tisbn = {9781138488670},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Science-and-Religion-East-and-West/Fehige/p/book/9781138488670?srsltid=AfmBOoq8Tk82Im2jYgabDoLyD-UJEZomm0fe7H2D1R-m1k7-JZ-qjB1W},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Religion}: {East} and {West}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Brown, C. Mackenzie},\n\teditor = {Fehige, Yiftach},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Hinduism, India, Science and Religion, Vedanta},\n\tpages = {104--122},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Perspectives on the Relationship between Science and Religion in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raghuramaraju, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Fehige, Y., editor(s), Science and Religion: East and West, pages 88–103. Routledge, London & New York, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{raghuramaraju_perspectives_2016,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Perspectives on the {Relationship} between {Science} and {Religion} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781138488670},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Science-and-Religion-East-and-West/Fehige/p/book/9781138488670?srsltid=AfmBOoq8Tk82Im2jYgabDoLyD-UJEZomm0fe7H2D1R-m1k7-JZ-qjB1W},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Religion}: {East} and {West}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Raghuramaraju, A.},\n\teditor = {Fehige, Yiftach},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {India, Science and Religion},\n\tpages = {88--103},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n India's Response to Darwin.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gosling, D. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Fehige, Y., editor(s), Science and Religion: East and West, pages 70–87. Routledge, London & New York, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{gosling_indias_2016,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {India's {Response} to {Darwin}},\n\tisbn = {9781138488670},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Science-and-Religion-East-and-West/Fehige/p/book/9781138488670?srsltid=AfmBOoq8Tk82Im2jYgabDoLyD-UJEZomm0fe7H2D1R-m1k7-JZ-qjB1W},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Religion}: {East} and {West}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Gosling, David L.},\n\teditor = {Fehige, Yiftach},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Creationism, Evolution, India, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, Science and Religion},\n\tpages = {70--87},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Betwixt Science and Religion; East and West: Jesuits in 17th and 18th Century Southern India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lourdusamy, J. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Fehige, Y., editor(s), Science and Religion: East and West, pages 158–173. Routledge, London & New York, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{lourdusamy_betwixt_2016,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Betwixt {Science} and {Religion}; {East} and {West}: {Jesuits} in 17th and 18th {Century} {Southern} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781138488670},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Science-and-Religion-East-and-West/Fehige/p/book/9781138488670?srsltid=AfmBOoq8Tk82Im2jYgabDoLyD-UJEZomm0fe7H2D1R-m1k7-JZ-qjB1W},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Religion}: {East} and {West}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Lourdusamy, John B.},\n\teditor = {Fehige, Yiftach},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {17th Century, 18th Century, Christian Missionaries, Colonial Science, India, Jesuits, Science and Religion, South India},\n\tpages = {158--173},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific Institutions as Sites for Dissemination and Contestation: Emergence of Colonial Calcutta as a Science City.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Wongsurawat, W., editor(s), Sites of Modernity: Asian Cities in the Transitory Moments of Trade, Colonialism, and Nationalism, pages 33–46. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@incollection{kumar_scientific_2016,\n\taddress = {Berlin, Heidelberg},\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Institutions} as {Sites} for {Dissemination} and {Contestation}: {Emergence} of {Colonial} {Calcutta} as a {Science} {City}},\n\tisbn = {9783662457269},\n\tshorttitle = {Scientific {Institutions} as {Sites} for {Dissemination} and {Contestation}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45726-9_3},\n\tabstract = {Scientific institutions are modern icons. These came to India as part of the colonial baggage and soon became the carriers of new ideas and in fact symbolized modernity itself. Was it is a smooth process? What debates did institutionalization spark? Quest for knowledge has never been alien to Indian society. And there were institutions too in pre-colonial times. What new changes came in the nineteenth century? Can these be explained in terms of metropolis–periphery relationship or impact/response studies? Did the process of institutionalization differ in colonial and non-colonial settings? Same could be true for the process of professionalization also. How to ‘straddle the spatial and epistemological divide’ between metropolis and colony? Was this a one-way transfer? One can add, was this knowledge merely or largely derivative? Could it produce autodidacts or intellectual migrants who could hold on their own? Is indigenous ‘original and unsullied’ to be seen mostly in opposition to modern/scientific knowledge? Could they interact? Could they change? Was a synthesis or coproduction possible? The present paper attempts to address these questions with the help of examples and illustrations from a colonial city, Calcutta. Even before South Asia was properly colonized, numerous travelers and traders had brought to fore the characteristics and peculiarities of it people and society. India was no tabula rasa. But as the conquest began, new forts, ports, and cities were established. Thus came into being the new port cities of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. These were to witness a distinct break with the past. In the new cities, new institutions were to be established, not in the older cities of Delhi, Hyderabad, or Lahore; some of these institutions were to become the carriers of new knowledge. It is not easy to see in them sites for exchange of knowledge as it involves a two-way process, which colonial conditions would seldom permit. They mostly functioned as sites for dissemination and also contestation. The transfer of knowledge, though purported to be osmotic, was not really a one-way simple process; it sparked debates and produced cross-currents. This can be seen in full-flow, for example, in the history of Calcutta.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tbooktitle = {Sites of {Modernity}: {Asian} {Cities} in the {Transitory} {Moments} of {Trade}, {Colonialism}, and {Nationalism}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\teditor = {Wongsurawat, Wasana},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-662-45726-9_3},\n\tpages = {33--46},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Scientific institutions are modern icons. These came to India as part of the colonial baggage and soon became the carriers of new ideas and in fact symbolized modernity itself. Was it is a smooth process? What debates did institutionalization spark? Quest for knowledge has never been alien to Indian society. And there were institutions too in pre-colonial times. What new changes came in the nineteenth century? Can these be explained in terms of metropolis–periphery relationship or impact/response studies? Did the process of institutionalization differ in colonial and non-colonial settings? Same could be true for the process of professionalization also. How to ‘straddle the spatial and epistemological divide’ between metropolis and colony? Was this a one-way transfer? One can add, was this knowledge merely or largely derivative? Could it produce autodidacts or intellectual migrants who could hold on their own? Is indigenous ‘original and unsullied’ to be seen mostly in opposition to modern/scientific knowledge? Could they interact? Could they change? Was a synthesis or coproduction possible? The present paper attempts to address these questions with the help of examples and illustrations from a colonial city, Calcutta. Even before South Asia was properly colonized, numerous travelers and traders had brought to fore the characteristics and peculiarities of it people and society. India was no tabula rasa. But as the conquest began, new forts, ports, and cities were established. Thus came into being the new port cities of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. These were to witness a distinct break with the past. In the new cities, new institutions were to be established, not in the older cities of Delhi, Hyderabad, or Lahore; some of these institutions were to become the carriers of new knowledge. It is not easy to see in them sites for exchange of knowledge as it involves a two-way process, which colonial conditions would seldom permit. They mostly functioned as sites for dissemination and also contestation. The transfer of knowledge, though purported to be osmotic, was not really a one-way simple process; it sparked debates and produced cross-currents. This can be seen in full-flow, for example, in the history of Calcutta.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Analysing Agriculture Extension Services for Media Mixes for Transfer of Technology.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, S.; Chahal, H.; and Kher, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Rural Development, 35(3): 465–481. September 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raina_analysing_2016,\n\ttitle = {Analysing {Agriculture} {Extension} {Services} for {Media} {Mixes} for {Transfer} of {Technology}},\n\tvolume = {35},\n\turl = {https://www.nirdprojms.in/index.php/jrd/article/view/104697},\n\tabstract = {Keeping in view the gaining significance of agriculture information for farming community, agriculture universities and research stations are being developed and upgraded regularly to generate customised information to accelerate agricultural productivity. This process calls for effective and regular communication and diffusion of agriculture innovation from research stations to farming community through agriculture extension personnel (AEP), which acts as linkage mechanism between the research and farmers. As such,the job of AEP can be considered as most challenging as they act as a hub to transfer, persuade, motivate and convince the farmers to accept and implement the new technology and information using the most appropriate communication tools/media mixes. For effective training of trainers(ToT), extension personnel should have sound knowledge of the subject-matter and be conversant with various communication methods and media to disseminate the information effectively and to ensure its effective adoption by the farming community under different socio-economic situations. In this regard, a research study with 141 respondents in the district of Jammu was undertaken by Department of Agriculture Extension System to find out various channels of communication tools used and preferred to use by AEP for effective transfer of technology process (ToTP). The validity and reliability tools along with analytical tools lime factor analysis were used to analyse the data. The paper concludes by offering strategies with respect to "Communication Tools Used for Transfer of Technology by AEP" variable that can be incorporated in the T\\&V extension system to increase the effectiveness of ToTP.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Rural Development},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Sunita and Chahal, Hardeep and Kher, S.K.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, India, Science Communication, Technology \\& Society, Technology Transfer},\n\tpages = {465--481},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Keeping in view the gaining significance of agriculture information for farming community, agriculture universities and research stations are being developed and upgraded regularly to generate customised information to accelerate agricultural productivity. This process calls for effective and regular communication and diffusion of agriculture innovation from research stations to farming community through agriculture extension personnel (AEP), which acts as linkage mechanism between the research and farmers. As such,the job of AEP can be considered as most challenging as they act as a hub to transfer, persuade, motivate and convince the farmers to accept and implement the new technology and information using the most appropriate communication tools/media mixes. For effective training of trainers(ToT), extension personnel should have sound knowledge of the subject-matter and be conversant with various communication methods and media to disseminate the information effectively and to ensure its effective adoption by the farming community under different socio-economic situations. In this regard, a research study with 141 respondents in the district of Jammu was undertaken by Department of Agriculture Extension System to find out various channels of communication tools used and preferred to use by AEP for effective transfer of technology process (ToTP). The validity and reliability tools along with analytical tools lime factor analysis were used to analyse the data. The paper concludes by offering strategies with respect to \"Communication Tools Used for Transfer of Technology by AEP\" variable that can be incorporated in the T&V extension system to increase the effectiveness of ToTP.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The News of Empire: Telegraphy, Journalism, and the Politics of Reporting in Colonial India, C. 1830-1900.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bonea, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2016.\n Google-Books-ID: 46KhAQAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bonea_news_2016,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {News} of {Empire}: {Telegraphy}, {Journalism}, and the {Politics} of {Reporting} in {Colonial} {India}, {C}. 1830-1900},\n\tisbn = {9780199467129},\n\tshorttitle = {The {News} of {Empire}},\n\tabstract = {On 14 July 2013, India closed down its telegraph service, drawing the curtain over an important chapter in its history of telecommunications. Introduced during the colonial period, the telegraph network was opened for public use on 1 February 1855; both the beginning and the end of the service were marked by striking scenes of people 'rushing' to the telegraph office in order to send messages. Like the internet today, the new technology came to play an important role in the conduct of journalism in nineteenth-century India. The News of Empire reconstructs the interconnected history of telegraphy and journalism by drawing on a wide range of historical material and through an in-depth analysis of the newspaper press. Questioning grand narratives of 'media revolutions', Amelia Bonea argues that the use of telegraphy in journalism was gradual and piecemeal. News itself emerged as the site of many contestations, as imperial politics, capitalist enterprise, and individual agency shaped not only access to technologies of communication, but also the content and form of reporting.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Bonea, Amelia},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 46KhAQAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial History, Colonialism, History of Technology, India, Media and Communication, Telegraph},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n On 14 July 2013, India closed down its telegraph service, drawing the curtain over an important chapter in its history of telecommunications. Introduced during the colonial period, the telegraph network was opened for public use on 1 February 1855; both the beginning and the end of the service were marked by striking scenes of people 'rushing' to the telegraph office in order to send messages. Like the internet today, the new technology came to play an important role in the conduct of journalism in nineteenth-century India. The News of Empire reconstructs the interconnected history of telegraphy and journalism by drawing on a wide range of historical material and through an in-depth analysis of the newspaper press. Questioning grand narratives of 'media revolutions', Amelia Bonea argues that the use of telegraphy in journalism was gradual and piecemeal. News itself emerged as the site of many contestations, as imperial politics, capitalist enterprise, and individual agency shaped not only access to technologies of communication, but also the content and form of reporting.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ICT, Intermediaries, and the Transformation of Gendered Power Structures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Oreglia, E.; and Srinivasan, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n MIS Quarterly, 40(2): 501–510. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{oreglia_ict_2016,\n\ttitle = {{ICT}, {Intermediaries}, and the {Transformation} of {Gendered} {Power} {Structures}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {0276-7783},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26628919},\n\tabstract = {Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are believed to hold much potential to empower women, both socially and economically, in low-income and rural communities. In this paper, we focus on rural women who mediate ICT use as telecenter operators in India and as helpers and enablers for family members in rural China. We explore under what circumstances they may be able to renegotiate existing gendered power structures. We argue that acts of reconciling or confronting the different spaces they inhabit can allow intermediaries to remake their own identities and positions in their community. This process, rather than the potential associated with ICTs, is where spaces for empowerment often lie.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {MIS Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Oreglia, Elisa and Srinivasan, Janaki},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Digital STS, Information \\& Communication Technology},\n\tpages = {501--510},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are believed to hold much potential to empower women, both socially and economically, in low-income and rural communities. In this paper, we focus on rural women who mediate ICT use as telecenter operators in India and as helpers and enablers for family members in rural China. We explore under what circumstances they may be able to renegotiate existing gendered power structures. We argue that acts of reconciling or confronting the different spaces they inhabit can allow intermediaries to remake their own identities and positions in their community. This process, rather than the potential associated with ICTs, is where spaces for empowerment often lie.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam: Family in the Knowledge Economy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Khandekar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Opitz, D. L.; Bergwik, S.; and Van Tiggelen, B., editor(s), Domesticity in the Making of Modern Science, pages 259–278. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{opitz_vasudhaiva_2016,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {Vasudhaiva {Kutumbakam}: {Family} in the {Knowledge} {Economy}},\n\tcopyright = {http://www.springer.com/tdm},\n\tisbn = {978-1-349-55902-2 978-1-137-49273-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Vasudhaiva {Kutumbakam}},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9781137492739_13},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-07},\n\tbooktitle = {Domesticity in the {Making} of {Modern} {Science}},\n\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK},\n\tauthor = {Khandekar, Aalok},\n\teditor = {Opitz, Donald L. and Bergwik, Staffan and Van Tiggelen, Brigitte},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tdoi = {10.1057/9781137492739_13},\n\tpages = {259--278},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Grassroots Innovation: Minds On The Margin Are Not Marginal Minds.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gupta, A. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Random House India, New Delhi, July 2016.\n Google-Books-ID: b22CDAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{gupta_grassroots_2016,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Grassroots {Innovation}: {Minds} {On} {The} {Margin} {Are} {Not} {Marginal} {Minds}},\n\tisbn = {9788184007794},\n\tshorttitle = {Grassroots {Innovation}},\n\tabstract = {A moral dilemma gripped Professor Gupta when he was invited by the Bangladeshi government to help restructure their agricultural sector in 1985. He noticed how the marginalized farmers were being paid poorly for their otherwise unmatched knowledge. The gross injustice of this constant imbalance led Professor Gupta to found what would turn into a resounding social and ethical movement—the Honey Bee Network—bringing together and elevating thousands of grassroots innovators. For over two decades, Professor Gupta has travelled through rural lands unearthing innovations by the ranks—from the famed Mitti Cool refrigerator to the footbridge of Meghalaya. He insists that to fight the largest and most persistent problems of the world we must eschew expensive research labs and instead, look towards ordinary folk. Innovation—that oft-flung around word—is stripped to its core in this book. Poignant and personal, Grassroots Innovation is an important treatise from a social crusader of our time.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Random House India},\n\tauthor = {Gupta, Anil K.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: b22CDAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Honey Bee Network, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A moral dilemma gripped Professor Gupta when he was invited by the Bangladeshi government to help restructure their agricultural sector in 1985. He noticed how the marginalized farmers were being paid poorly for their otherwise unmatched knowledge. The gross injustice of this constant imbalance led Professor Gupta to found what would turn into a resounding social and ethical movement—the Honey Bee Network—bringing together and elevating thousands of grassroots innovators. For over two decades, Professor Gupta has travelled through rural lands unearthing innovations by the ranks—from the famed Mitti Cool refrigerator to the footbridge of Meghalaya. He insists that to fight the largest and most persistent problems of the world we must eschew expensive research labs and instead, look towards ordinary folk. Innovation—that oft-flung around word—is stripped to its core in this book. Poignant and personal, Grassroots Innovation is an important treatise from a social crusader of our time.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Growing the Tree of Science: Homi Bhabha and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chowdhury, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, August 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chowdhury_growing_2016,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Growing the {Tree} of {Science}: {Homi} {Bhabha} and the {Tata} {Institute} of {Fundamental} {Research}},\n\tisbn = {9780199087211},\n\tshorttitle = {Growing the {Tree} of {Science}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/book/3607},\n\tabstract = {This book is about one of the premier scientific institutions of modern India—the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) founded by the physicist Homi Bhabha in 1945. In a critical departure from books that focus on Bhabha as the architect of India’s atomic energy programme, Growing the Tree of Science concentrates instead on his efforts towards the creation of a scientific culture at his institute. Bhabha’s institutional model came from the West; the book details out his efforts to transplant the tree of science on Indian soil. Chowdhury weaves together a story of personal connections, new forms of philanthropy, nationalist objectives, ideas of citizenship, international training networks, and art, design, architecture, and landscape that shaped scientific life at TIFR. Analysing the dissonances between institutional narratives and individual recollections, the book asks how we might interpret the nature of institutional legacy. The book goes beyond Bhabha’s individual efforts and reveals the ways in which the institute was also shaped by younger scientists who attempted to reinterpret institutional legacy. Reflecting on the relationship between history and memory, Growing the Tree of Science presents a cultural history of science. Chowdhury’s reflections on archival resources and the uses of oral history of scientists provokes us to think of new methods with which to understand the functioning of institutions and the nature of resources required to understand them.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-06},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Chowdhury, Indira},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199466900.001.0001},\n\tkeywords = {India, Institution Development, Post colonial Science, TIFR},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book is about one of the premier scientific institutions of modern India—the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) founded by the physicist Homi Bhabha in 1945. In a critical departure from books that focus on Bhabha as the architect of India’s atomic energy programme, Growing the Tree of Science concentrates instead on his efforts towards the creation of a scientific culture at his institute. Bhabha’s institutional model came from the West; the book details out his efforts to transplant the tree of science on Indian soil. Chowdhury weaves together a story of personal connections, new forms of philanthropy, nationalist objectives, ideas of citizenship, international training networks, and art, design, architecture, and landscape that shaped scientific life at TIFR. Analysing the dissonances between institutional narratives and individual recollections, the book asks how we might interpret the nature of institutional legacy. The book goes beyond Bhabha’s individual efforts and reveals the ways in which the institute was also shaped by younger scientists who attempted to reinterpret institutional legacy. Reflecting on the relationship between history and memory, Growing the Tree of Science presents a cultural history of science. Chowdhury’s reflections on archival resources and the uses of oral history of scientists provokes us to think of new methods with which to understand the functioning of institutions and the nature of resources required to understand them.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bioinformatics and the Politics of Innovation in the Life Sciences: Science and the State in the United Kingdom, China, and India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Salter, B.; Zhou, Y.; Datta, S.; and Salter, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 41(5): 793–826. September 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{salter_bioinformatics_2016,\n\ttitle = {Bioinformatics and the {Politics} of {Innovation} in the {Life} {Sciences}: {Science} and the {State} in the {United} {Kingdom}, {China}, and {India}},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Bioinformatics and the {Politics} of {Innovation} in the {Life} {Sciences}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243916631022},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0162243916631022},\n\tabstract = {The governments of China, India, and the United Kingdom are unanimous in their belief that bioinformatics should supply the link between basic life sciences research and its translation into health benefits for the population and the economy. Yet at the same time, as ambitious states vying for position in the future global bioeconomy they differ considerably in the strategies adopted in pursuit of this goal. At the heart of these differences lies the interaction between epistemic change within the scientific community itself and the apparatus of the state. Drawing on desk-based research and thirty-two interviews with scientists and policy makers in the three countries, this article analyzes the politics that shape this interaction. From this analysis emerges an understanding of the variable capacities of different kinds of states and political systems to work with science in harnessing the potential of new epistemic territories in global life sciences innovation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Salter, Brian and Zhou, Yinhua and Datta, Saheli and Salter, Charlotte},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Bio-informatics, India},\n\tpages = {793--826},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The governments of China, India, and the United Kingdom are unanimous in their belief that bioinformatics should supply the link between basic life sciences research and its translation into health benefits for the population and the economy. Yet at the same time, as ambitious states vying for position in the future global bioeconomy they differ considerably in the strategies adopted in pursuit of this goal. At the heart of these differences lies the interaction between epistemic change within the scientific community itself and the apparatus of the state. Drawing on desk-based research and thirty-two interviews with scientists and policy makers in the three countries, this article analyzes the politics that shape this interaction. From this analysis emerges an understanding of the variable capacities of different kinds of states and political systems to work with science in harnessing the potential of new epistemic territories in global life sciences innovation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Encoding Race, Encoding Class: Indian IT Workers in Berlin.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Amrute, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Duke University Press, Durham and London, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{amrute_encoding_2016,\n\taddress = {Durham and London},\n\ttitle = {Encoding {Race}, {Encoding} {Class}: {Indian} {IT} {Workers} in {Berlin}},\n\tisbn = {9781478091875},\n\tshorttitle = {Encoding {Race}, {Encoding} {Class}},\n\turl = {https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/59765},\n\tabstract = {In Encoding Race, Encoding Class Sareeta Amrute explores the work and private lives of highly skilled Indian IT coders in Berlin to reveal the oft-obscured realities of the embodied, raced, and classed nature of cognitive labor. In addition to conducting fieldwork and interviews in IT offices as well as analyzing political cartoons, advertisements, and reports on white-collar work, Amrute spent time with a core of twenty programmers before, during, and after their shifts. She shows how they occupy a contradictory position, as they are racialized in Germany as temporary and migrant grunt workers, yet their middle-class aspirations reflect efforts to build a new, global, and economically dominant India. The ways they accept and resist the premises and conditions of their work offer new potentials for alternative visions of living and working in neoliberal economies. Demonstrating how these coders' cognitive labor realigns and reimagines race and class, Amrute conceptualizes personhood and migration within global capitalism in new ways.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Amrute, Sareeta},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Emigration \\& Immigration, IT Industry, India, Sociology, immigration and emigration, indigenous peoples},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In Encoding Race, Encoding Class Sareeta Amrute explores the work and private lives of highly skilled Indian IT coders in Berlin to reveal the oft-obscured realities of the embodied, raced, and classed nature of cognitive labor. In addition to conducting fieldwork and interviews in IT offices as well as analyzing political cartoons, advertisements, and reports on white-collar work, Amrute spent time with a core of twenty programmers before, during, and after their shifts. She shows how they occupy a contradictory position, as they are racialized in Germany as temporary and migrant grunt workers, yet their middle-class aspirations reflect efforts to build a new, global, and economically dominant India. The ways they accept and resist the premises and conditions of their work offer new potentials for alternative visions of living and working in neoliberal economies. Demonstrating how these coders' cognitive labor realigns and reimagines race and class, Amrute conceptualizes personhood and migration within global capitalism in new ways.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Rethinking Revolutions: Soyabean, Choupals, and the Changing Countryside in Central India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n New India Foundation, 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kumar_rethinking_2016,\n\ttitle = {Rethinking {Revolutions}: {Soyabean}, {Choupals}, and the {Changing} {Countryside} in {Central} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780199465330},\n\tshorttitle = {Rethinking {Revolutions}},\n\tabstract = {This book is an ethnographic study of the processes of agrarian change in the Malwa region of central India, over the last forty years, beginning with the introduction of soyabean cultivation in the 1970s, known as the yellow revolution, and new information technology based markets in the 2000s, called the choupals. Examining the claims of prosperity and empowerment of farmers through the yellow revolution and the information revolution, this book challenges the notion that science and technology can bring unparalleled economic growth and prosperity to rural India. It argues that both, techno-managerial ways of understanding and evaluating agriculture, as well as those which emphasize the lenses of caste, class and gender, are inadequate in capturing the diverse processes at work, in shaping the lives of rural people. Highlighting the role of the environment and technology, not in deterministic ways, but as non-human forces working upon and with human agents, it suggests that both the social and the technical must be considered together, to understand the specific trajectories of agrarian change. Drawing upon science and technology studies (STS), together with critical scholarship on the political economy of development and agrarian change, this book shows how people and things have reconfigured each other in producing the world they live in, thus contributing towards new theoretical framings of agriculture and rural transformation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {New India Foundation},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Richa},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Central India, Malwa},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book is an ethnographic study of the processes of agrarian change in the Malwa region of central India, over the last forty years, beginning with the introduction of soyabean cultivation in the 1970s, known as the yellow revolution, and new information technology based markets in the 2000s, called the choupals. Examining the claims of prosperity and empowerment of farmers through the yellow revolution and the information revolution, this book challenges the notion that science and technology can bring unparalleled economic growth and prosperity to rural India. It argues that both, techno-managerial ways of understanding and evaluating agriculture, as well as those which emphasize the lenses of caste, class and gender, are inadequate in capturing the diverse processes at work, in shaping the lives of rural people. Highlighting the role of the environment and technology, not in deterministic ways, but as non-human forces working upon and with human agents, it suggests that both the social and the technical must be considered together, to understand the specific trajectories of agrarian change. Drawing upon science and technology studies (STS), together with critical scholarship on the political economy of development and agrarian change, this book shows how people and things have reconfigured each other in producing the world they live in, thus contributing towards new theoretical framings of agriculture and rural transformation.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 2015\n \n \n (34)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Between the Natural and Social Sciences: Medical Science in the Trishanku World.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ssarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India International Centre Quarterly, 42(1): 34–43. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ssarukkai_between_2015,\n\ttitle = {Between the {Natural} and {Social} {Sciences}: {Medical} {Science} in the {Trishanku} {World}},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26316661},\n\tabstract = {Guest Editorial to the Issue},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {India International Centre Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Ssarukkai, Sundar},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Medical Science, Social History of Medicine, Sociology of Medicine, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {34--43},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Guest Editorial to the Issue\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Needham's Indian Network: The Search for a Home for the History of Science in India (1950-1970).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Yoda Press, New Delhi, 2015.\n Google-Books-ID: NoVuvgAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{raina_needhams_2015,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Needham's {Indian} {Network}: {The} {Search} for a {Home} for the {History} of {Science} in {India} (1950-1970)},\n\tisbn = {9789382579113},\n\tshorttitle = {Needham's {Indian} {Network}},\n\tabstract = {The essays appearing in this book attempt to create a space for the disciplinary history of science in India in the first few decades following the achievement of independence from colonial rule. The 1950s were marked by a number of efforts in nation building, in a variety of spheres, and in the present volume, Dhruv Raina looks at the role envisaged for the history of science, as it was ensconced within the science academies that played a fundamental role in the institutionalisation of science in independent India. In doing so, he effectively analyses the conditions of production of the disciplinary history of science in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Yoda Press},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: NoVuvgAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Cosmopolitanism, India, Institutionalization, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, Marxism \\& Science, Needham, Joesph, Post-Independence India, Scientific Advice, Scientific Community, Scientific Elites, Social History of Science, UNESCO},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The essays appearing in this book attempt to create a space for the disciplinary history of science in India in the first few decades following the achievement of independence from colonial rule. The 1950s were marked by a number of efforts in nation building, in a variety of spheres, and in the present volume, Dhruv Raina looks at the role envisaged for the history of science, as it was ensconced within the science academies that played a fundamental role in the institutionalisation of science in independent India. In doing so, he effectively analyses the conditions of production of the disciplinary history of science in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Technology, and Development in India: Encountering Values.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, R. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient Blackswan Private Limited, Hyderabad, 2015.\n Google-Books-ID: Kv6LrgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{raina_science_2015,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Technology}, and {Development} in {India}: {Encountering} {Values}},\n\tisbn = {9788125058557},\n\tshorttitle = {Science, {Technology}, and {Development} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.orientblackswan.com/details?id=9788125058557},\n\tabstract = {Academic debates in India is seldom informed by the question of conflicting values that inform production of scientific knowledge, designing of technology and the very process and practices of science policy making and S\\&T governance. This volume address with this lacuna.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient Blackswan Private Limited},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Rajeswari S.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Kv6LrgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Development, Post-Independence India, S\\&T Governance, Science and Values, Sustainability, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Technologies, Values},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Academic debates in India is seldom informed by the question of conflicting values that inform production of scientific knowledge, designing of technology and the very process and practices of science policy making and S&T governance. This volume address with this lacuna.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Courting Innovation: The Constitution(s) of Indian Biomedicine.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rajan, K. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hilgartner, S.; Miller, C.; and Hajendijk, R., editor(s), Science and Democracy: Making Knowledge and Making Power in the Biosciences and Beyond. Routledge, New York & Oxon, 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{rajan_courting_2015,\n\taddress = {New York \\& Oxon},\n\ttitle = {Courting {Innovation}: {The} {Constitution}(s) of {Indian} {Biomedicine}},\n\tisbn = {9780203564370},\n\tshorttitle = {Courting {Innovation}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Democracy}: {Making} {Knowledge} and {Making} {Power} in the {Biosciences} and {Beyond}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Rajan, Kaushik Sunder},\n\teditor = {Hilgartner, Stephen and Miller, Clark and Hajendijk, Rob},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Biocapitalism, Biomedicine, Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Aakash Tablet and Technological Imaginaries of Mass Education in Contemporary India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Phalkey, J.; and Chattapadhyay, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History and Technology, 31(4): 452–481. October 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{phalkey_aakash_2015,\n\ttitle = {The {Aakash} {Tablet} and {Technological} {Imaginaries} of {Mass} {Education} in {Contemporary} {India}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {0734-1512, 1477-2620},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07341512.2015.1136142},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/07341512.2015.1136142},\n\tabstract = {We explore here public and private initiatives in technological solutions for educating the poor and the disadvantaged in India since the second half of the twentieth century. Specifically, we document Ministry of Human Resource Development’s project to develop an affordable tablet computer, named ‘Aakash,’ as a personal access device for digital courses and online learning materials. We approach this case study in relation to several educational technologies that preceded it, and with a wider interest in mapping a contemporary transition from satellite-based mass education to Internet-based mass education. We argue that this process cannot be easily seen as a transition from unilateral broadcasting to more democratic multi-casting model of communication and learning. Specifically, we study the manufacturing process of Aakash and the public debates around it, to comment on the nature of state power in India, as revealed in its attempts to imagine and develop a digital personal device to deliver mass education.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-30},\n\tjournal = {History and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Phalkey, Jahnavi and Chattapadhyay, Sumandro},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {India, Internet, Sociology of Technology, Technocracy, e-learning},\n\tpages = {452--481},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n We explore here public and private initiatives in technological solutions for educating the poor and the disadvantaged in India since the second half of the twentieth century. Specifically, we document Ministry of Human Resource Development’s project to develop an affordable tablet computer, named ‘Aakash,’ as a personal access device for digital courses and online learning materials. We approach this case study in relation to several educational technologies that preceded it, and with a wider interest in mapping a contemporary transition from satellite-based mass education to Internet-based mass education. We argue that this process cannot be easily seen as a transition from unilateral broadcasting to more democratic multi-casting model of communication and learning. Specifically, we study the manufacturing process of Aakash and the public debates around it, to comment on the nature of state power in India, as revealed in its attempts to imagine and develop a digital personal device to deliver mass education.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Scientists’ Motivation to Innovate, Catch Up and Collaborate: A Trans-disciplinary Perspective.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhaduri, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hilpert, U., editor(s), Routledge Handbook of Politics and Technology, pages Chapter 27 (13 pages). Routledge, London, 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{bhaduri_scientists_2015,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {Scientists’ {Motivation} to {Innovate}, {Catch} {Up} and {Collaborate}: {A} {Trans}-disciplinary {Perspective}},\n\tisbn = {9781315725239},\n\tshorttitle = {Scientists’ motivation to innovate, catch up and collaborate},\n\tabstract = {Introduction Science, technology and innovation have come to occupy the centre-stage of debates on economic policy making in a major way. The last few decades have observed many drastic policy changes, both by national governments and at the international level, to promote scientific research and technology development. The implementation of trade related intellectual property rights (TRIPS), providing the ambit of patent to public funded university research, and promoting scientific collaboration between countries beyond Europe and North American countries are a few of them. Among the countries in the global South, India has declared the decade 2010-20 as the ‘decade of innovation’. It has raised its gross expenditure on research and development, in absolute terms, fourfold to around 8698 million euros in the last ten years, and has become a partner in EU’s FP7 programme on scientific collaboration (Krishna 2013). The Department of Science and Technology, the apex decision-making body in science and technology in India has signed agreements for scientific collaborations with 40 countries in the last few years (Bhattacharya 2014). These policies have also presented complex and nuanced questions for development scholars and policy makers for the future of public funded research, technological catch-up and learning.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Routledge {Handbook} of {Politics} and {Technology}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Bhaduri, Saradindu},\n\teditor = {Hilpert, Ulrich},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Collaboration, India, Innovation Policy, Scientific Community},\n\tpages = {Chapter 27 (13 pages)},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Introduction Science, technology and innovation have come to occupy the centre-stage of debates on economic policy making in a major way. The last few decades have observed many drastic policy changes, both by national governments and at the international level, to promote scientific research and technology development. The implementation of trade related intellectual property rights (TRIPS), providing the ambit of patent to public funded university research, and promoting scientific collaboration between countries beyond Europe and North American countries are a few of them. Among the countries in the global South, India has declared the decade 2010-20 as the ‘decade of innovation’. It has raised its gross expenditure on research and development, in absolute terms, fourfold to around 8698 million euros in the last ten years, and has become a partner in EU’s FP7 programme on scientific collaboration (Krishna 2013). The Department of Science and Technology, the apex decision-making body in science and technology in India has signed agreements for scientific collaborations with 40 countries in the last few years (Bhattacharya 2014). These policies have also presented complex and nuanced questions for development scholars and policy makers for the future of public funded research, technological catch-up and learning.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Public Understanding of Cyclone Warning in India: Can Wind be Predicted?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dash, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Public Understanding of Science, 24(8): 970–987. November 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dash_public_2015,\n\ttitle = {Public {Understanding} of {Cyclone} {Warning} in {India}: {Can} {Wind} be {Predicted}?},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tissn = {0963-6625, 1361-6609},\n\tshorttitle = {Public understanding of cyclone warning in {India}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0963662514553203},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0963662514553203},\n\tabstract = {In spite of meteorological warning, many human lives are lost every year to cyclone mainly because vulnerable populations were not evacuated on time to a safe shelter as per recommendation. It raises several questions, most prominently what explains people’s behaviour in the face of such danger from a cyclonic storm? How do people view meteorological advisories issued for cyclone and what role they play in defining the threat? What shapes public response during such situation? This article based on an ethnographic study carried out in coastal state of Odisha, India, argues that local public recognising inherent limitations of meteorological warning, fall back on their own system of observation and forecasting. Not only are the contents of cyclone warning understood, its limitations are accommodated and explained.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Public Understanding of Science},\n\tauthor = {Dash, Biswanath},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Cyclones, Disasters, Meteorology, Odisha, Public Engagement with S\\&T},\n\tpages = {970--987},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In spite of meteorological warning, many human lives are lost every year to cyclone mainly because vulnerable populations were not evacuated on time to a safe shelter as per recommendation. It raises several questions, most prominently what explains people’s behaviour in the face of such danger from a cyclonic storm? How do people view meteorological advisories issued for cyclone and what role they play in defining the threat? What shapes public response during such situation? This article based on an ethnographic study carried out in coastal state of Odisha, India, argues that local public recognising inherent limitations of meteorological warning, fall back on their own system of observation and forecasting. Not only are the contents of cyclone warning understood, its limitations are accommodated and explained.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Vandana Shiva Reader.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shiva, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, January 2015.\n Google-Books-ID: IyfJBQAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{shiva_vandana_2015,\n\taddress = {Lexington},\n\ttitle = {The {Vandana} {Shiva} {Reader}},\n\tisbn = {9780813146997},\n\tabstract = {"Her great virtue as an advocate is that she is not a reductionist. Her awareness of the complex connections among economy and nature and culture preserves her from oversimplification. So does her understanding of the importance of diversity."—Wendell Berry, from the forewordMotivated by agricultural devastation in her home country of India, Vandana Shiva became one of the world's most influential and highly acclaimed environmental and antiglobalization activists. Her groundbreaking research has exposed the destructive effects of monocultures and commercial agriculture and revealed the links between ecology, gender, and poverty. In The Vandana Shiva Reader, Shiva assembles her most influential writings, combining trenchant critiques of the corporate monopolization of agriculture with a powerful defense of biodiversity and food democracy. Containing up-to-date data and a foreword by Wendell Berry, this essential collection demonstrates the full range of Shiva's research and activism, from her condemnation of commercial seed technology, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and the international agriculture industry's dependence on fossil fuels, to her tireless documentation of the extensive human costs of ecological deterioration. This important volume illuminates Shiva's profound understanding of both the perils and potential of our interconnected world and calls on citizens of all nations to renew their commitment to love and care for soil, seeds, and people.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University Press of Kentucky},\n\tauthor = {Shiva, Vandana},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: IyfJBQAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Development, Environmental Sociology, Feminist STS, India, Reader, Science and Democracy, Science and Environment, South Asia, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"Her great virtue as an advocate is that she is not a reductionist. Her awareness of the complex connections among economy and nature and culture preserves her from oversimplification. So does her understanding of the importance of diversity.\"—Wendell Berry, from the forewordMotivated by agricultural devastation in her home country of India, Vandana Shiva became one of the world's most influential and highly acclaimed environmental and antiglobalization activists. Her groundbreaking research has exposed the destructive effects of monocultures and commercial agriculture and revealed the links between ecology, gender, and poverty. In The Vandana Shiva Reader, Shiva assembles her most influential writings, combining trenchant critiques of the corporate monopolization of agriculture with a powerful defense of biodiversity and food democracy. Containing up-to-date data and a foreword by Wendell Berry, this essential collection demonstrates the full range of Shiva's research and activism, from her condemnation of commercial seed technology, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and the international agriculture industry's dependence on fossil fuels, to her tireless documentation of the extensive human costs of ecological deterioration. This important volume illuminates Shiva's profound understanding of both the perils and potential of our interconnected world and calls on citizens of all nations to renew their commitment to love and care for soil, seeds, and people.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Uncertainty and the Capability Approach to Design.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shahare, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 109(9): 1665–1671. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shahare_uncertainty_2015,\n\ttitle = {Uncertainty and the {Capability} {Approach} to {Design}},\n\tvolume = {109},\n\tissn = {0011-3891},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24906190},\n\tabstract = {The concept of 'design for sustainable well-being and empowerment' seeks to harmonize distinct ideals using the capability approach framework, of which an important element is technology. To increase the freedoms or effective capabilities of individuals, the aim is to design artefacts and technologies. However, in this article, the argument is that due to the inherent uncertainty such optimistic outcomes cannot always be guaranteed and technologies can fail in practice and diminish human capabilities. Design trade-off and affordance of artefacts are used here to demonstrate that the use of capability approach to design is merely a static analytical tool.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Shahare, Mahendra},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Design, India, Sustainable Development, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {1665--1671},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The concept of 'design for sustainable well-being and empowerment' seeks to harmonize distinct ideals using the capability approach framework, of which an important element is technology. To increase the freedoms or effective capabilities of individuals, the aim is to design artefacts and technologies. However, in this article, the argument is that due to the inherent uncertainty such optimistic outcomes cannot always be guaranteed and technologies can fail in practice and diminish human capabilities. Design trade-off and affordance of artefacts are used here to demonstrate that the use of capability approach to design is merely a static analytical tool.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ambivalent Journeys of Hope: Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy in a Clinic in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine, 19(2): 137–153. March 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_ambivalent_2015,\n\ttitle = {Ambivalent {Journeys} of {Hope}: {Embryonic} {Stem} {Cell} {Therapy} in a {Clinic} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1363-4593, 1461-7196},\n\tshorttitle = {Ambivalent journeys of hope},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1363459314556906},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1363459314556906},\n\tabstract = {Stem cell therapy in non-Western countries such as India has received a lot of attention. Apart from media reports, there are a number of social science analyses of stem cell policy, therapy, and research, their ethical implications, and impact of advertising on patients. Nevertheless, in the media reports as well as in academic studies, experiences of patients, who undertake overseas journeys for stem cell therapy, have largely been either ignored or presented reductively, often as a “false hope.” In this article, I analyze the experiences of patients and their “journeys of hope” to NuTech Mediworld, an embryonic stem cell therapy clinic in New Delhi, India. My analysis, which draws on my observations in the clinic and patients’ experiences, instead of seeking to adjudicate whether embryonic stem cell therapy in clinics such as NuTech is right or wrong, true or false, focuses on how patients navigate and contest these concerns. I utilize Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s “concepts,” lines of flight and deterritorialization, to highlight how embryonic stem cell therapy’s “political economy of hope” embodies deterritorialization of several “regimes of truth” and how these deterritorializations impact patients’ experiences.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Amit},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {India, Sociology of Medicine, Technoscientific projects \\& programmes},\n\tpages = {137--153},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Stem cell therapy in non-Western countries such as India has received a lot of attention. Apart from media reports, there are a number of social science analyses of stem cell policy, therapy, and research, their ethical implications, and impact of advertising on patients. Nevertheless, in the media reports as well as in academic studies, experiences of patients, who undertake overseas journeys for stem cell therapy, have largely been either ignored or presented reductively, often as a “false hope.” In this article, I analyze the experiences of patients and their “journeys of hope” to NuTech Mediworld, an embryonic stem cell therapy clinic in New Delhi, India. My analysis, which draws on my observations in the clinic and patients’ experiences, instead of seeking to adjudicate whether embryonic stem cell therapy in clinics such as NuTech is right or wrong, true or false, focuses on how patients navigate and contest these concerns. I utilize Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s “concepts,” lines of flight and deterritorialization, to highlight how embryonic stem cell therapy’s “political economy of hope” embodies deterritorialization of several “regimes of truth” and how these deterritorializations impact patients’ experiences.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Profiling the Profiloscope: Facialization of Race Technologies and the Rise of Biometric Nationalism in Inter-War British India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History and Technology, 31(4): 376–396. October 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_profiling_2015,\n\ttitle = {Profiling the {Profiloscope}: {Facialization} of {Race} {Technologies} and the {Rise} of {Biometric} {Nationalism} in {Inter}-{War} {British} {India}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {0734-1512, 1477-2620},\n\tshorttitle = {Profiling the profiloscope},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07341512.2015.1127459},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/07341512.2015.1127459},\n\tabstract = {The history of race and technology in British India has avoided engaging with the way in which this played out amongst nationalists. The history of biometrics too has similarly overlooked the role of anti-colonial nationalists. The history of the now-forgotten profiloscope allows us to address both oversights. But the history of the profiloscope is more than just a history of a technological apparatus. It is also the trace of a forgotten political imaginary, viz. biometric nationalism. Biometric nationalism sought to deploy biometrics in developing a dynamically anti-essentialist and non-individualistic conception of nationhood at a time when the nation-form had come to largely monopolize mainstream of anti-colonial political discourse.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {History and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Biometrics, Caste, PC Mahalanobis, Statistics},\n\tpages = {376--396},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The history of race and technology in British India has avoided engaging with the way in which this played out amongst nationalists. The history of biometrics too has similarly overlooked the role of anti-colonial nationalists. The history of the now-forgotten profiloscope allows us to address both oversights. But the history of the profiloscope is more than just a history of a technological apparatus. It is also the trace of a forgotten political imaginary, viz. biometric nationalism. Biometric nationalism sought to deploy biometrics in developing a dynamically anti-essentialist and non-individualistic conception of nationhood at a time when the nation-form had come to largely monopolize mainstream of anti-colonial political discourse.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Feminists and Science: Critiques and Changing Perspectives in India (Vol. 1).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishna, S.; and Chadha, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 1 Stree, Kolkata, 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{krishna_feminists_2015,\n\taddress = {Kolkata},\n\ttitle = {Feminists and {Science}: {Critiques} and {Changing} {Perspectives} in {India} ({Vol}. 1)},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tisbn = {978-93-81345-07-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Feminists and {Science}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Feminists_and_Science/d41MrgEACAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {This book brings critical voices to bear upon the relationship between science, gender and patriarchies, critique science and reclaim it with equal passion. Feminist critiques of science have uncovered the ideological biases in scientific discourse and also begun reforming and reinventing disciplinary canons. Many such critiques have been developed in the West; the significance of the Indian contribution to this debate is that it offers a different perspective, drawing upon the experience of how science and technology has impacted the lives of Indian women, their work and their bodies. The contributors, from different disciplinary locations in the social sciences, the humanities and the natural sciences, raise a variety of issues in science criticism, presenting feminist positions in fields including health, pedagogy, livelihood and sexuality. The two volumes offer a pioneering and valuable contribution to science studies and women's studies in India.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tpublisher = {Stree},\n\tauthor = {Krishna, Sumi and Chadha, Gita},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Feminism, Feminist STS, Gender \\& Science, India, Intersectionality, Pedagogy, Sociology of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book brings critical voices to bear upon the relationship between science, gender and patriarchies, critique science and reclaim it with equal passion. Feminist critiques of science have uncovered the ideological biases in scientific discourse and also begun reforming and reinventing disciplinary canons. Many such critiques have been developed in the West; the significance of the Indian contribution to this debate is that it offers a different perspective, drawing upon the experience of how science and technology has impacted the lives of Indian women, their work and their bodies. The contributors, from different disciplinary locations in the social sciences, the humanities and the natural sciences, raise a variety of issues in science criticism, presenting feminist positions in fields including health, pedagogy, livelihood and sexuality. The two volumes offer a pioneering and valuable contribution to science studies and women's studies in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Brief Look at the History of Temples in IIT Madras Campus.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vaidyanathan, R.; Ayyar, A.; Ganapathy, H.; and Hemanth, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n . June 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{vaidyanathan_brief_2015,\n\ttitle = {Brief {Look} at the {History} of {Temples} in {IIT} {Madras} {Campus}},\n\turl = {http://repository.iimb.ac.in/handle/2074/13481},\n\tdoi = {10/brief-look-at-the-history-of-temples-in-iit-madras-campus/},\n\tabstract = {Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM) was commissioned in 1957. There are three temples in the IITM campus,namely (i) Sri Jalakantheswara temple on the Delhi Avenue (ii) Sri Peeliamman Temple on the Delhi Avenue near the stadium(iii) Sri Varasidhdhi Vinayaka Temple behind Taramani Guest House. These deities have been worshipped even before IITMwas established. However, no written material is available with the temples regarding their history during the pre-IITM period.To reconstruct the history of these temples, informal interviews were conducted with the people connected to the area beforeand during the establishment of IITM. In order to gain the archaeological view point we sought the help of Dr. Nagaswamy,a renowned archaeologist and epigraphist. He served as the Director of Archaeology of Tamil Nadu state Government for 22years. This document is a summary of the ?ndings of this exercise. Read more at: https://rvaidya2000.com/2015/06/10/brief-look-at-the-history-of-temples-in-iit-madras-campus/},\n\tlanguage = {en\\_US},\n\turldate = {2024-05-15},\n\tauthor = {Vaidyanathan, R. and Ayyar, Arun and Ganapathy, Harish and Hemanth, C.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Chennai, Hinduism, IIT Madras, India, Institution Development, Institutions, Madras, Religion \\& Science, Tamil Nadu},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM) was commissioned in 1957. There are three temples in the IITM campus,namely (i) Sri Jalakantheswara temple on the Delhi Avenue (ii) Sri Peeliamman Temple on the Delhi Avenue near the stadium(iii) Sri Varasidhdhi Vinayaka Temple behind Taramani Guest House. These deities have been worshipped even before IITMwas established. However, no written material is available with the temples regarding their history during the pre-IITM period.To reconstruct the history of these temples, informal interviews were conducted with the people connected to the area beforeand during the establishment of IITM. In order to gain the archaeological view point we sought the help of Dr. Nagaswamy,a renowned archaeologist and epigraphist. He served as the Director of Archaeology of Tamil Nadu state Government for 22years. This document is a summary of the ?ndings of this exercise. Read more at: https://rvaidya2000.com/2015/06/10/brief-look-at-the-history-of-temples-in-iit-madras-campus/\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mobilizing from Appropriate Technologies to Sustainable Technologies based on Grassroots Innovations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pattnaik, B. K.; and Dhal, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology in Society, 40: 93–110. February 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{pattnaik_mobilizing_2015,\n\tseries = {Technological {Futures}},\n\ttitle = {Mobilizing from {Appropriate} {Technologies} to {Sustainable} {Technologies} based on {Grassroots} {Innovations}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {0160-791X},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160791X14000499},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.techsoc.2014.09.002},\n\tabstract = {The paper focuses on the evolution of Appropriate Technology (AT) movement in India touching upon its ideological contours developed by thinkers like M.K. Gandhi, E.F. Schumacher, JC Kumarappa and others. It stresses that AT movement as a discursive one is not about mobilizing activities and people but is about academic discourses on AT. Hence it articulates the AT movement in India in the framework of ‘Mobilization to Institutionalization’. And the paper presents an empirical case study of a social movement organization named Honey Bee Network, emergent of the said movement that does not represent the original discourse of the movement any more rather represents the later turning point of the discourse, i.e, the drift toward sustainable technologies in India. Noteworthy, that this case study of the Honey Bee Network at Ahmedabad is in fact a network of three organizations namely, Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions (SRISTI), National Innovation Foundation (NIF), and Grassroots Innovation and Augmentation Network (GIAN) which are to scout, document, register, and incubate the grassroots innovations that are based on traditional and indigenous knowledge systems and lastly to transform these grassroots innovations into commercialized technologies. The Honey Bee Network as a social movement organization has been analyzed from the vantage of the well known resource mobilization theory of social movements. Lastly the paper brings out the socio-cultural embedded character of the grassroots innovations and their resultant technologies. And it is further argued that, this bottom-up approach of technological development is to pave the way for sustainable technologies.},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Technology in Society},\n\tauthor = {Pattnaik, Binay Kumar and Dhal, Debajani},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Institutionalization, Resource mobilization theory, Sustainable technologies},\n\tpages = {93--110},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The paper focuses on the evolution of Appropriate Technology (AT) movement in India touching upon its ideological contours developed by thinkers like M.K. Gandhi, E.F. Schumacher, JC Kumarappa and others. It stresses that AT movement as a discursive one is not about mobilizing activities and people but is about academic discourses on AT. Hence it articulates the AT movement in India in the framework of ‘Mobilization to Institutionalization’. And the paper presents an empirical case study of a social movement organization named Honey Bee Network, emergent of the said movement that does not represent the original discourse of the movement any more rather represents the later turning point of the discourse, i.e, the drift toward sustainable technologies in India. Noteworthy, that this case study of the Honey Bee Network at Ahmedabad is in fact a network of three organizations namely, Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions (SRISTI), National Innovation Foundation (NIF), and Grassroots Innovation and Augmentation Network (GIAN) which are to scout, document, register, and incubate the grassroots innovations that are based on traditional and indigenous knowledge systems and lastly to transform these grassroots innovations into commercialized technologies. The Honey Bee Network as a social movement organization has been analyzed from the vantage of the well known resource mobilization theory of social movements. Lastly the paper brings out the socio-cultural embedded character of the grassroots innovations and their resultant technologies. And it is further argued that, this bottom-up approach of technological development is to pave the way for sustainable technologies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Lethal Spots, Vital Secrets: Medicine and Martial Arts in South India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sieler, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New York, June 2015.\n Google-Books-ID: GVpMCAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sieler_lethal_2015,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Lethal {Spots}, {Vital} {Secrets}: {Medicine} and {Martial} {Arts} in {South} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780190273064},\n\tshorttitle = {Lethal {Spots}, {Vital} {Secrets}},\n\tabstract = {Lethal Spots, Vital Secrets provides an ethnographic study of varmakkalai, or "the art of the vital spots," a South Indian esoteric tradition that combines medical practice and martial arts. Although siddha medicine is officially part of the Indian Government's medically pluralistic health-care system, very little of a reliable nature has been written about it. Drawing on a diverse array of materials, including Tamil manuscripts, interviews with practitioners, and his own personal experience as an apprentice, Sieler traces the practices of varmakkalai both in different religious traditions--such as Yoga and Ayurveda--and within various combat practices. His argument is based on in-depth ethnographic research in the southernmost region of India, where hereditary medico-martial practitioners learn their occupation from relatives or skilled gurus through an esoteric, spiritual education system. Rituals of secrecy and apprenticeship in varmakkalai are among the important focal points of Sieler's study. Practitioners protect their esoteric knowledge, but they also engage in a kind of "lure and withdrawal"---a performance of secrecy---because secrecy functions as what might be called "symbolic capital." Sieler argues that varmakkalai is, above all, a matter of texts in practice; knowledge transmission between teacher and student conveys tacit, non-verbal knowledge, and constitutes a "moral economy." It is not merely plain facts that are communicated, but also moral obligations, ethical conduct and tacit, bodily knowledge. Lethal Spots, Vital Secrets is an insightful analysis of practices rarely discussed in scholarly circles. It will be a valuable resource to students of religion, medical anthropologists, historians of medicine, Indologists, and martial arts and performance studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Sieler, Roman},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: GVpMCAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ethnography, Healing, India, Martial Arts, Sidha Medicine, Social History of Medicine, Sociology of Medicine, Sports, Sports Medicine, Traditional Medicine, Traditional knowledge, Varmakkalai},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Lethal Spots, Vital Secrets provides an ethnographic study of varmakkalai, or \"the art of the vital spots,\" a South Indian esoteric tradition that combines medical practice and martial arts. Although siddha medicine is officially part of the Indian Government's medically pluralistic health-care system, very little of a reliable nature has been written about it. Drawing on a diverse array of materials, including Tamil manuscripts, interviews with practitioners, and his own personal experience as an apprentice, Sieler traces the practices of varmakkalai both in different religious traditions–such as Yoga and Ayurveda–and within various combat practices. His argument is based on in-depth ethnographic research in the southernmost region of India, where hereditary medico-martial practitioners learn their occupation from relatives or skilled gurus through an esoteric, spiritual education system. Rituals of secrecy and apprenticeship in varmakkalai are among the important focal points of Sieler's study. Practitioners protect their esoteric knowledge, but they also engage in a kind of \"lure and withdrawal\"—a performance of secrecy—because secrecy functions as what might be called \"symbolic capital.\" Sieler argues that varmakkalai is, above all, a matter of texts in practice; knowledge transmission between teacher and student conveys tacit, non-verbal knowledge, and constitutes a \"moral economy.\" It is not merely plain facts that are communicated, but also moral obligations, ethical conduct and tacit, bodily knowledge. Lethal Spots, Vital Secrets is an insightful analysis of practices rarely discussed in scholarly circles. It will be a valuable resource to students of religion, medical anthropologists, historians of medicine, Indologists, and martial arts and performance studies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hindu Perspectives on Evolution: Darwin, Dharma, and Design.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brown, C. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, August 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{brown_hindu_2015,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Hindu {Perspectives} on {Evolution}: {Darwin}, {Dharma}, and {Design}},\n\tisbn = {9781138119369},\n\tshorttitle = {Hindu {Perspectives} on {Evolution}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Hindu-Perspectives-on-Evolution-Darwin-Dharma-and-Design/Brown/p/book/9781138119369},\n\tabstract = {Providing new insights into the contemporary creationist-evolution debates, this book looks at the Hindu cultural-religious traditions of India, the Hindu Dharma traditions. By focusing on the interaction of religion and science in a Hindu context, it offers a global context for understanding contemporary creationist-evolution conflicts and tensions utilizing a critical analysis of Hindu perspectives on these issues. The cultural and political as well as theological nature of these conflicts is illustrated by drawing attention to parallels with contemporary Islamic and Buddhist responses to modern science and Darwinism.\n\nThe book explores various ancient and classical Hindu models to explain the origin of the universe encompassing creationist as well as evolutionary—but non-Darwinian—interpretations of how we came to be. Complex schemes of cosmic evolution were developed, alongside creationist proofs for the existence of God utilizing distinctly Hindu versions of the design argument. After examining diverse elements of the Hindu Dharmic traditions that laid the groundwork for an ambivalent response to Darwinism when it first became known in India, the book highlights the significance of the colonial context. Analysing critically the question of compatibility between traditional Dharmic theories of knowledge and the epistemological assumptions underlying contemporary scientific methodology, the book raises broad questions regarding the frequently alleged harmony of Hinduism, the eternal Dharma, with modern science, and with Darwinian evolution in particular.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Brown, C. Mackenzie},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Budhism, Colonial Science, Creationism, Evolution, Hinduism, India, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, Modernity, Science \\& Culture, Science and Religion, Tradition},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Providing new insights into the contemporary creationist-evolution debates, this book looks at the Hindu cultural-religious traditions of India, the Hindu Dharma traditions. By focusing on the interaction of religion and science in a Hindu context, it offers a global context for understanding contemporary creationist-evolution conflicts and tensions utilizing a critical analysis of Hindu perspectives on these issues. The cultural and political as well as theological nature of these conflicts is illustrated by drawing attention to parallels with contemporary Islamic and Buddhist responses to modern science and Darwinism. The book explores various ancient and classical Hindu models to explain the origin of the universe encompassing creationist as well as evolutionary—but non-Darwinian—interpretations of how we came to be. Complex schemes of cosmic evolution were developed, alongside creationist proofs for the existence of God utilizing distinctly Hindu versions of the design argument. After examining diverse elements of the Hindu Dharmic traditions that laid the groundwork for an ambivalent response to Darwinism when it first became known in India, the book highlights the significance of the colonial context. Analysing critically the question of compatibility between traditional Dharmic theories of knowledge and the epistemological assumptions underlying contemporary scientific methodology, the book raises broad questions regarding the frequently alleged harmony of Hinduism, the eternal Dharma, with modern science, and with Darwinian evolution in particular.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n From the Phased Manufacturing Programme to Frugal Engineering: Some Initial Propositions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 50(14): 45–50. April 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyabji_phased_2015,\n\ttitle = {From the {Phased} {Manufacturing} {Programme} to {Frugal} {Engineering}: {Some} {Initial} {Propositions}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tabstract = {Although the structural reforms, initiated in 1991, did not lead to any appreciable increase in either the efficiency or the export orientation of Indian manufacturing firms, unexpectedly, there has been a visible improvement in manufacturing design capabilities in certain segments, for instance, in the motor vehicle sector. The paper suggests that the development of "frugal engineering"—an approach of "frugality" in resolving complex design problems—is a real advance. It suggests, further, that this approach developed from the experiences of the procedures laid down in the phased manufacturing programme of the 1950s, and first found expression in the successful forays into some specific export markets by Indian vehicle manufacturers in the late 1970s and 1980s. Although this design expertise cannot solve the problems of manufacturing efficiency, particularly across the wider industrial sphere, it indicates that Indian firms have the expertise to resolve problems related to the manufacturing sphere if strategic goals are appropriately set by managers.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {14},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Frugal Innovation, India, Industrialisation, Industry, Innovation Policy, Innovation ecosystem, Innovation studies, Liberalisation, Manufacturing, New Economic Policy, R\\&D Policy},\n\tpages = {45--50},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Although the structural reforms, initiated in 1991, did not lead to any appreciable increase in either the efficiency or the export orientation of Indian manufacturing firms, unexpectedly, there has been a visible improvement in manufacturing design capabilities in certain segments, for instance, in the motor vehicle sector. The paper suggests that the development of \"frugal engineering\"—an approach of \"frugality\" in resolving complex design problems—is a real advance. It suggests, further, that this approach developed from the experiences of the procedures laid down in the phased manufacturing programme of the 1950s, and first found expression in the successful forays into some specific export markets by Indian vehicle manufacturers in the late 1970s and 1980s. Although this design expertise cannot solve the problems of manufacturing efficiency, particularly across the wider industrial sphere, it indicates that Indian firms have the expertise to resolve problems related to the manufacturing sphere if strategic goals are appropriately set by managers.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Plants, Power and Knowledge: An Exploration of the Imperial Networks and the Circuits of Botanical Knowledge and Medical Systems on the Western Coast of India Against the backdrop of European Expansionism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Binny, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global Histories: A Student Journal, 1(1). 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{binny_plants_2015,\n\ttitle = {Plants, {Power} and {Knowledge}: {An} {Exploration} of the {Imperial} {Networks} and the {Circuits} of {Botanical} {Knowledge} and {Medical} {Systems} on the {Western} {Coast} of {India} {Against} the backdrop of {European} {Expansionism}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2015 Malavika Binny},\n\tissn = {2366-780X},\n\tshorttitle = {Plants, {Power} and {Knowledge}},\n\turl = {https://www.globalhistories.com/index.php/GHSJ/article/view/33},\n\tdoi = {10.17169/GHSJ.2015.33},\n\tabstract = {The confluence of multiple branches of history in recent times, mainly owing to a revival of interest in histories of science and environmental history, has revealed the presence of a network of knowledge, which has been in existence from the Renaissance and in some fields even prior to it. Interwoven into the global web of knowledge transfers are the histories of botanical science and medical systems, which this article intends to analyse in the context of the Indo-Portuguese-Dutch engagements on the south-western coast of India. The Malabar Coast, in particular, plays a unique role in the history of Indian Ocean trade and it offers a fertile arena to investigate the multi-layered interplay between diverse knowledge systems both at a global and local level. The encounters between the European and the local knowledge systems occured more in terms of social-cultural exchange and the production of hybrid systems of knowledge rather that of cultural conflict. An in-depth analysis of Garcia Da Orta’s Colóquios dos simples e drogas he cousas medicinais da Índia (Conversations on the Simples, Drugs and Materia Medica of India) and Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Drakenstein’s Hortus Malabaricus along with the Sanskrit and vernacular ‘Ayurvedic’ texts (such as Susruta Samhitā and Caraka Samhitā), will be used to explore the multiple lineages of what we understand today as science and medicine and the mechanisms through which indigenous knowledge was collected, documented and transferred into European botanical and scientific networks and the interplay between the diverse healing/botanical traditions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tjournal = {Global Histories: A Student Journal},\n\tauthor = {Binny, Malavika},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Botany, Early modern, Kerala, Scientific Exchange, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Social History of Science, Taxonomy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The confluence of multiple branches of history in recent times, mainly owing to a revival of interest in histories of science and environmental history, has revealed the presence of a network of knowledge, which has been in existence from the Renaissance and in some fields even prior to it. Interwoven into the global web of knowledge transfers are the histories of botanical science and medical systems, which this article intends to analyse in the context of the Indo-Portuguese-Dutch engagements on the south-western coast of India. The Malabar Coast, in particular, plays a unique role in the history of Indian Ocean trade and it offers a fertile arena to investigate the multi-layered interplay between diverse knowledge systems both at a global and local level. The encounters between the European and the local knowledge systems occured more in terms of social-cultural exchange and the production of hybrid systems of knowledge rather that of cultural conflict. An in-depth analysis of Garcia Da Orta’s Colóquios dos simples e drogas he cousas medicinais da Índia (Conversations on the Simples, Drugs and Materia Medica of India) and Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Drakenstein’s Hortus Malabaricus along with the Sanskrit and vernacular ‘Ayurvedic’ texts (such as Susruta Samhitā and Caraka Samhitā), will be used to explore the multiple lineages of what we understand today as science and medicine and the mechanisms through which indigenous knowledge was collected, documented and transferred into European botanical and scientific networks and the interplay between the diverse healing/botanical traditions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n State Power and Technological Citizenship in India: From the Postcolonial to the Digital Age.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, I.; and Rajadhyaksha, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n East Asian Science, Technology and Society, 9(1): 65–85. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{abraham_state_2015,\n\ttitle = {State {Power} and {Technological} {Citizenship} in {India}: {From} the {Postcolonial} to the {Digital} {Age}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {1875-2160, 1875-2152},\n\tshorttitle = {State {Power} and {Technological} {Citizenship} in {India}},\n\turl = {http://easts.dukejournals.org/content/9/1/65},\n\tdoi = {10.1215/18752160-2863200},\n\tabstract = {In this article we seek to nuance our understanding of the technologically mediated relationship of state and citizen, first, by framing these relations in terms of Michel Foucault's ideas about state power and governmentality, and, second, by using case studies drawn from the Indian experience to highlight particular risks associated with digital governance and biopolitics. An overview of state and social technological interventions in India shows multiple intersections of sovereign and disciplinary powers. Together, these intersections give new meanings to biopower while also sketching a familiar story of the attenuated character of technological citizenship, notwithstanding numerous examples of popular resistance. To address biopolitics, however, a novel set of challenges emerges: The first is to outline a genealogy of Indian biopolitics, going back to the colonial period. The second is to acknowledge the tension between biopolitics and geopolitics: the state's need to distinguish between citizens and residents for the provision of welfare. The third is the neoliberal turn in governance, with the state increasingly withdrawing from direct involvement in the public sphere and turning to the private sector to take its place. We find that the digitization of identification and benefit provision produces new costs and barriers for the poor to access the entitlements of citizenship, leaving them in some cases worse off than before. Moreover, the visibility produced by entry into digital governmentality is accompanied by a new set of risks, including the expropriation of benefits and the loss of existing assets.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2017-05-11},\n\tjournal = {East Asian Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Itty and Rajadhyaksha, Ashish},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Citizenship, India},\n\tpages = {65--85},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n In this article we seek to nuance our understanding of the technologically mediated relationship of state and citizen, first, by framing these relations in terms of Michel Foucault's ideas about state power and governmentality, and, second, by using case studies drawn from the Indian experience to highlight particular risks associated with digital governance and biopolitics. An overview of state and social technological interventions in India shows multiple intersections of sovereign and disciplinary powers. Together, these intersections give new meanings to biopower while also sketching a familiar story of the attenuated character of technological citizenship, notwithstanding numerous examples of popular resistance. To address biopolitics, however, a novel set of challenges emerges: The first is to outline a genealogy of Indian biopolitics, going back to the colonial period. The second is to acknowledge the tension between biopolitics and geopolitics: the state's need to distinguish between citizens and residents for the provision of welfare. The third is the neoliberal turn in governance, with the state increasingly withdrawing from direct involvement in the public sphere and turning to the private sector to take its place. We find that the digitization of identification and benefit provision produces new costs and barriers for the poor to access the entitlements of citizenship, leaving them in some cases worse off than before. Moreover, the visibility produced by entry into digital governmentality is accompanied by a new set of risks, including the expropriation of benefits and the loss of existing assets.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Infrastructure and Metropolitan Reorganization: An Exploration of the Relationship in Africa and India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gore, C. D.; and Gopakumar, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Urban Affairs, 37(5): 548–567. December 2015.\n Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12180\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gore_infrastructure_2015,\n\ttitle = {Infrastructure and {Metropolitan} {Reorganization}: {An} {Exploration} of the {Relationship} in {Africa} and {India}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0735-2166},\n\tshorttitle = {Infrastructure and {Metropolitan} {Reorganization}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12180},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/juaf.12180},\n\tabstract = {Despite decades of effort, deficiencies in access and quality of infrastructure persist in cities of the developing world. One common response to the infrastructure problem is to reorganize the structure of metropolitan areas in the hopes that infrastructure provision, management, and quality will improve. What is not clear globally, however, is how the reorganization of metropolitan areas comes to be, and how infrastructure deficiencies function as a rationale for reform in conjunction with other dominant reasons or drivers of metropolitan reorganization. Building on the demand for increased cross-regional comparison in urban studies generally, this article explores and compares the relationship between infrastructure quality and political and social pressures in four cities—two in India and two in East Africa. The comparison is intended to be exploratory; it shows how city and national government efforts to improve infrastructure quality are shaped by political and social pressures. The results provide a foundation for future cross-regional comparison and theory building.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Urban Affairs},\n\tauthor = {Gore, Christopher D. and Gopakumar, Govind},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12180},\n\tpages = {548--567},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Despite decades of effort, deficiencies in access and quality of infrastructure persist in cities of the developing world. One common response to the infrastructure problem is to reorganize the structure of metropolitan areas in the hopes that infrastructure provision, management, and quality will improve. What is not clear globally, however, is how the reorganization of metropolitan areas comes to be, and how infrastructure deficiencies function as a rationale for reform in conjunction with other dominant reasons or drivers of metropolitan reorganization. Building on the demand for increased cross-regional comparison in urban studies generally, this article explores and compares the relationship between infrastructure quality and political and social pressures in four cities—two in India and two in East Africa. The comparison is intended to be exploratory; it shows how city and national government efforts to improve infrastructure quality are shaped by political and social pressures. The results provide a foundation for future cross-regional comparison and theory building.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Colonial Legacies, Postcolonial Biologies: Gender and the Promises of Biotechnology.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramaniam, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Biotechnology and Development Review, 17(1): 15–36. January 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{subramaniam_colonial_2015,\n\ttitle = {Colonial {Legacies}, {Postcolonial} {Biologies}: {Gender} and the {Promises} of {Biotechnology}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {0972-7566},\n\tshorttitle = {Colonial {Legacies}, {Postcolonial} {Biologies}},\n\turl = {https://scholarworks.umass.edu/wost_faculty_pubs/21},\n\tabstract = {Three decades of work in the feminist studies of science and technology have shaped our evolving understandings of the relationships between sex, gender, and biotechnology. Sex, and gender are most often reduced to binary categories, severely limiting our conceptions not only of human diversity, but those of science and technology. Using two case study set in India, transnational surrogacy and the Indian Genome Variation Project, this paper explores how popular positions around biotechnology are reduced to binary positions promoting and opposing biotechnology as the solution for the economic and social development of India. By locating surrogacy and genomics within the larger geopolitical, historical, economic and cultural transformations of postcolonial India, the paper argues that both technologies are far more complex in their impact on women and gender. Why does technology become the major site of hope for the future? Why does genomics become the site for the promises of good health? Why has India become a site for reproductive tourism, and transnational surrogacy in particular? Drawing on the social studies of science, the paper argues that technology and human bodies are never neutral but always prefigured with a gender, race, caste and sexuality. Surrogacy and genomics should be understood within these colonial and postcolonial histories of science and technology.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Asian Biotechnology and Development Review},\n\tauthor = {Subramaniam, Banu},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Feminist STS, Gender, Genome Variation Project, India, Postcolonial, Reproduction, Surrogacy},\n\tpages = {15--36},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Three decades of work in the feminist studies of science and technology have shaped our evolving understandings of the relationships between sex, gender, and biotechnology. Sex, and gender are most often reduced to binary categories, severely limiting our conceptions not only of human diversity, but those of science and technology. Using two case study set in India, transnational surrogacy and the Indian Genome Variation Project, this paper explores how popular positions around biotechnology are reduced to binary positions promoting and opposing biotechnology as the solution for the economic and social development of India. By locating surrogacy and genomics within the larger geopolitical, historical, economic and cultural transformations of postcolonial India, the paper argues that both technologies are far more complex in their impact on women and gender. Why does technology become the major site of hope for the future? Why does genomics become the site for the promises of good health? Why has India become a site for reproductive tourism, and transnational surrogacy in particular? Drawing on the social studies of science, the paper argues that technology and human bodies are never neutral but always prefigured with a gender, race, caste and sexuality. Surrogacy and genomics should be understood within these colonial and postcolonial histories of science and technology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The State-Technoscience Duo in India: A Brief History of a Politico-Epistemological Contract.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jansen, A.; Franzmann, A.; and Münte, P., editor(s), Legitimizing Science: National and Global Publics (1800–2010), pages 137–156. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt & New York, 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{varughese_state-technoscience_2015,\n\taddress = {Frankfurt \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {The {State}-{Technoscience} {Duo} in {India}: {A} {Brief} {History} of a {Politico}-{Epistemological} {Contract}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-593-50487-2},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Legitimizing_Science/Ru4rCwAAQBAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {The contract between the nation-state and science in India will be critically examined in the proposed paper to understand the relationship between the political sovereign, technoscience, and the citizens. Instead of focusing on a general ‘social contract between science and society’ where the negotiations the scientific profession has with government and politics are normatively and empirically analyzed, this paper would focus on the politico-epistemological contract that emerged in India in the 1950s, which coupled the state with science to form a ‘state-technoscience duo’, a key feature often missed by Political Theory as well as Science, Technology, and Society (STS) Studies. The paper demonstrates that this contract is central to the constitution of the political sovereign in postcolonial nation-states like India. The historical evolution of the contract and the changing characteristics of the state-technoscience duo will be examined in the paper by focusing on two major technoscientific projects in the country. The first is the ‘green revolution’ of the 1960s and 70s to increase food production and its neoliberal sequel rhetorically known as the ‘evergreen revolution’ in policy debates. The second case analyzed is the civilian nuclear energy projects which indicate a recent shift from the rhetoric of self-reliance in nuclear technology to the neoliberal rhetoric of ‘clean and green energy’. The paper will investigate how the scientific citizen-publics came into being in relation to the state-technoscience duo in contrast to a wider population in the early mode of the welfare state (1940s–1960s) and the transformation of them in the second phase of disenchantment with technoscience. The paper argues that in the neoliberal phase (1990s onwards) the scientific-citizen publics have been given agency in the governance of technoscience, while the quasi-publics entered into a confrontational mode with the duo, unwilling to sacrifice their natural resources and livelihood for the nation and their politics often threatened the duo’s existence itself because of their demands which cannot be addressed within the scope of the contract. This has necessitated, the paper will argue, more sophisticated governmental techniques from the state-technoscience duo to safeguard the original contract.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Legitimizing {Science}: {National} and {Global} {Publics} (1800–2010)},\n\tpublisher = {Campus Verlag},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\teditor = {Jansen, Axel and Franzmann, Andreas and Münte, Peter},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Citizenship, Green Revolution, India, Nuclear energy, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Public Understanding of Science, Publics, Social Contract of Science, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {137--156},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The contract between the nation-state and science in India will be critically examined in the proposed paper to understand the relationship between the political sovereign, technoscience, and the citizens. Instead of focusing on a general ‘social contract between science and society’ where the negotiations the scientific profession has with government and politics are normatively and empirically analyzed, this paper would focus on the politico-epistemological contract that emerged in India in the 1950s, which coupled the state with science to form a ‘state-technoscience duo’, a key feature often missed by Political Theory as well as Science, Technology, and Society (STS) Studies. The paper demonstrates that this contract is central to the constitution of the political sovereign in postcolonial nation-states like India. The historical evolution of the contract and the changing characteristics of the state-technoscience duo will be examined in the paper by focusing on two major technoscientific projects in the country. The first is the ‘green revolution’ of the 1960s and 70s to increase food production and its neoliberal sequel rhetorically known as the ‘evergreen revolution’ in policy debates. The second case analyzed is the civilian nuclear energy projects which indicate a recent shift from the rhetoric of self-reliance in nuclear technology to the neoliberal rhetoric of ‘clean and green energy’. The paper will investigate how the scientific citizen-publics came into being in relation to the state-technoscience duo in contrast to a wider population in the early mode of the welfare state (1940s–1960s) and the transformation of them in the second phase of disenchantment with technoscience. The paper argues that in the neoliberal phase (1990s onwards) the scientific-citizen publics have been given agency in the governance of technoscience, while the quasi-publics entered into a confrontational mode with the duo, unwilling to sacrifice their natural resources and livelihood for the nation and their politics often threatened the duo’s existence itself because of their demands which cannot be addressed within the scope of the contract. This has necessitated, the paper will argue, more sophisticated governmental techniques from the state-technoscience duo to safeguard the original contract.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mathematical Astronomy in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Plofker, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ruggles, C. L., editor(s), Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, pages 1981–1989. Springer, New York, 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{plofker_mathematical_2015,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Mathematical {Astronomy} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781461461418},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8_205},\n\tabstract = {Astronomy in South Asia’s Sanskrit tradition, apparently originating in simple calendric computations regulating the timing of ancient ritual practices, expanded over the course of two or three millennia to include detailed spherical models, an endless variety of astrological systems, and academic mathematics in general. Assimilating various technical models, methods, and genres from the astronomy of neighboring cultures, Indian astronomers created new forms that were in turn borrowed by their foreign counterparts. Always recognizably related to the main themes of Eurasian geocentric mathematical astronomy, Indian astral science nonetheless maintained its culturally distinct character until Keplerian heliocentrism and Newtonian mechanics replaced it in colonial South Asia’s academic mainstream.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tbooktitle = {Handbook of {Archaeoastronomy} and {Ethnoastronomy}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer},\n\tauthor = {Plofker, Kim},\n\teditor = {Ruggles, Clive L.N.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8_205},\n\tkeywords = {History of Indian Astronomy, Indian Astronomical Texts},\n\tpages = {1981--1989},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Astronomy in South Asia’s Sanskrit tradition, apparently originating in simple calendric computations regulating the timing of ancient ritual practices, expanded over the course of two or three millennia to include detailed spherical models, an endless variety of astrological systems, and academic mathematics in general. Assimilating various technical models, methods, and genres from the astronomy of neighboring cultures, Indian astronomers created new forms that were in turn borrowed by their foreign counterparts. Always recognizably related to the main themes of Eurasian geocentric mathematical astronomy, Indian astral science nonetheless maintained its culturally distinct character until Keplerian heliocentrism and Newtonian mechanics replaced it in colonial South Asia’s academic mainstream.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From Defended Settlements to Fortified Strongholds: Responses to Gunpowder in the Early Modern Deccan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sohoni, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Asian Studies, 31(1): 111–126. January 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sohoni_defended_2015,\n\ttitle = {From {Defended} {Settlements} to {Fortified} {Strongholds}: {Responses} to {Gunpowder} in the {Early} {Modern} {Deccan}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {0266-6030, 2153-2699},\n\tshorttitle = {From {Defended} {Settlements} to {Fortified} {Strongholds}},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02666030.2015.1008818},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/02666030.2015.1008818},\n\tabstract = {Architectural responses to improved gunpowder technologies reached a conclusion in the sixteenth-century Deccan. Instead of constructing heavier defences, most urban settlements were disaggregated into military and administrative strongholds vis-à-vis civilian and mercantile cities by the seventeenth century. Changing economic and social conditions allowed for this separation of urban functions. The response to military revolutions was therefore not at the scale of individual buildings, but instead reconfigured the pattern of settlements in the region.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-05-16},\n\tjournal = {South Asian Studies},\n\tauthor = {Sohoni, Pushkar},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Deccan, Gun Powder, India},\n\tpages = {111--126},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Architectural responses to improved gunpowder technologies reached a conclusion in the sixteenth-century Deccan. Instead of constructing heavier defences, most urban settlements were disaggregated into military and administrative strongholds vis-à-vis civilian and mercantile cities by the seventeenth century. Changing economic and social conditions allowed for this separation of urban functions. The response to military revolutions was therefore not at the scale of individual buildings, but instead reconfigured the pattern of settlements in the region.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Fourth IIT: History of IIT Kanpur.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mehrotra, S. P.; and Sah, P. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Penguin, Gurgaon, November 2015.\n Google-Books-ID: QXfjCgAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{mehrotra_fourth_2015,\n\taddress = {Gurgaon},\n\ttitle = {The {Fourth} {IIT}: {History} of {IIT} {Kanpur}},\n\tisbn = {9789352141920},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Fourth} {IIT}},\n\tabstract = {The Fourth IIT traces the historical evolution of the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), established fourth in the chronological ladder of IITs after the institutes at Kharagpur, Bombay and Madras. The early beginnings of IITK are explored, with the appointment of Dr P.K. Kelkar as its founder-director, its humble commencement in the temporary premises of Harcourt Butler Technological Institute (HBTI) and the initiation of a traditional BTech programme. We see how rapid transformations enabled the institute to introduce and nurture a new academic culture in the country, illustrated by the paradigm shift in higher technical education and the freshness of a new spirit in higher education in general—the spirit of IITK. An inventive approach to faculty appointments, student admissions and the development of a novel academic structure are some of the deeply appreciated attributes that IITK has epitomized—and striven for. The book also captures IITK in the present times, in its pursuit of continually improving the material life of its students, staff members and the faculty, and the veritably important role played by the alumni, and also sheds light on the ‘new vision’ of the institute. Expertly and lovingly written by IITK insiders and long-timers, The Fourth IIT is ideal for past and present students and educators, and for anyone interested in an in-depth analysis of one of the most beloved and respected academic institutions in the country.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Penguin},\n\tauthor = {Mehrotra, Surya Pratap and Sah, Prajapati Prasad},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: QXfjCgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History of Technical Institutions, India, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Fourth IIT traces the historical evolution of the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), established fourth in the chronological ladder of IITs after the institutes at Kharagpur, Bombay and Madras. The early beginnings of IITK are explored, with the appointment of Dr P.K. Kelkar as its founder-director, its humble commencement in the temporary premises of Harcourt Butler Technological Institute (HBTI) and the initiation of a traditional BTech programme. We see how rapid transformations enabled the institute to introduce and nurture a new academic culture in the country, illustrated by the paradigm shift in higher technical education and the freshness of a new spirit in higher education in general—the spirit of IITK. An inventive approach to faculty appointments, student admissions and the development of a novel academic structure are some of the deeply appreciated attributes that IITK has epitomized—and striven for. The book also captures IITK in the present times, in its pursuit of continually improving the material life of its students, staff members and the faculty, and the veritably important role played by the alumni, and also sheds light on the ‘new vision’ of the institute. Expertly and lovingly written by IITK insiders and long-timers, The Fourth IIT is ideal for past and present students and educators, and for anyone interested in an in-depth analysis of one of the most beloved and respected academic institutions in the country.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Geometry of Vedic Altars.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Joseph, G. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Williams, K.; and Ostwald, M. J., editor(s), Architecture and Mathematics from Antiquity to the Future: Volume I: Antiquity to the 1500s, pages 149–162. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{joseph_geometry_2015,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Geometry of {Vedic} {Altars}},\n\tisbn = {9783319001371},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00137-1_10},\n\tabstract = {The earliest material evidence of Indian mathematics is found among the ruins of the Harappa civilization, including an elaborate system of weights and measures related to binary and decimal series. The Harappa culture’s use of kiln-fired bricks provides a link between the “frozen” geometry unearthed by archaeologists and the earliest written geometry, a guide to constructing Vedic brick altars. The Sulbasutras and the Sathapatha Brahmana contain valuable information about the geometry of ancient India, including instructions for constructing sacrificial altars and locating sacred fires. The procedures described for constructing the altars used during Agnicayana involve methods for approximating the values for the square roots of 2 and 5. One theory of the origins of geometry in India suggests that it must have come into being when there was already an advanced form of brick technology with a long tradition behind it.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-09},\n\tbooktitle = {Architecture and {Mathematics} from {Antiquity} to the {Future}: {Volume} {I}: {Antiquity} to the 1500s},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Joseph, George Gheverghese},\n\teditor = {Williams, Kim and Ostwald, Michael J.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-319-00137-1_10},\n\tkeywords = {Geometry, History of Mathematics, India},\n\tpages = {149--162},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The earliest material evidence of Indian mathematics is found among the ruins of the Harappa civilization, including an elaborate system of weights and measures related to binary and decimal series. The Harappa culture’s use of kiln-fired bricks provides a link between the “frozen” geometry unearthed by archaeologists and the earliest written geometry, a guide to constructing Vedic brick altars. The Sulbasutras and the Sathapatha Brahmana contain valuable information about the geometry of ancient India, including instructions for constructing sacrificial altars and locating sacred fires. The procedures described for constructing the altars used during Agnicayana involve methods for approximating the values for the square roots of 2 and 5. One theory of the origins of geometry in India suggests that it must have come into being when there was already an advanced form of brick technology with a long tradition behind it.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From Acharam to Knowledge: Claims of Caste Dominance in Twentieth-century Malabar.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sunandan, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History and Sociology of South Asia, 9(2): 174–192. July 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sunandan_acharam_2015,\n\ttitle = {From {Acharam} to {Knowledge}: {Claims} of {Caste} {Dominance} in {Twentieth}-century {Malabar}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2230-8075, 2249-5312},\n\tshorttitle = {From {Acharam} to {Knowledge}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2230807515574055},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/2230807515574055},\n\tabstract = {Exploring the caste practices of Namboothiris (Kerala Brahmins) in the first half of the twentieth century, this article analyses the transformation of Brahminical claims of superiority over other castes, in interaction with colonial knowledge practices. The article maps the historical process by which claims of Brahminical superiority transformed from ritual to knowledge—from claims based on acharam (the daily practices of rituals) into a claim of possession of traditional knowledge. By analysing the upper caste world of Namboothiris, the article explores the tension between emerging order of colonial knowledge and the existing order of acharam. The article shows that until the reform movement in the 1920s, Namboothiris as a community were not part of either traditional or colonial knowledge practices. Even in the reform movement the attempt was not to wholeheartedly enter into the domains of knowledge but to incorporate the elements of acharam into the order of colonial knowledge.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {History and Sociology of South Asia},\n\tauthor = {Sunandan, K.N.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Colonial India, Colonialism, Kerala, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {174--192},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Exploring the caste practices of Namboothiris (Kerala Brahmins) in the first half of the twentieth century, this article analyses the transformation of Brahminical claims of superiority over other castes, in interaction with colonial knowledge practices. The article maps the historical process by which claims of Brahminical superiority transformed from ritual to knowledge—from claims based on acharam (the daily practices of rituals) into a claim of possession of traditional knowledge. By analysing the upper caste world of Namboothiris, the article explores the tension between emerging order of colonial knowledge and the existing order of acharam. The article shows that until the reform movement in the 1920s, Namboothiris as a community were not part of either traditional or colonial knowledge practices. Even in the reform movement the attempt was not to wholeheartedly enter into the domains of knowledge but to incorporate the elements of acharam into the order of colonial knowledge.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Astronomy in India, 1784–1876.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sen, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, New York, October 2015.\n Google-Books-ID: u7c6CgAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sen_astronomy_2015,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Astronomy in {India}, 1784–1876},\n\tisbn = {9781317318422},\n\tabstract = {Covering the period from the foundation of the Asiatick Society in 1784 to the establishment of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in 1876, Sen explores the relationship between Indian astronomers and the colonial British.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Sen, Joydeep},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: u7c6CgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Astronomy, History of Technology, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Covering the period from the foundation of the Asiatick Society in 1784 to the establishment of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in 1876, Sen explores the relationship between Indian astronomers and the colonial British.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Forging Capitalism in Nehru's India: Neocolonialism and the State, C. 1940-1970.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2015.\n Google-Books-ID: AxB2rgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{tyabji_forging_2015,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Forging {Capitalism} in {Nehru}'s {India}: {Neocolonialism} and the {State}, {C}. 1940-1970},\n\tisbn = {9780199457595},\n\tshorttitle = {Forging {Capitalism} in {Nehru}'s {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Forging_Capitalism_in_Nehru_s_India/AxB2rgEACAAJ?hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-uaTx56qFAxX9V2wGHWeMCwAQiqUDegQIDxAL},\n\tabstract = {The prospects for industrial development in the early years of independent India were plagued by a number of interrelated issues. Indian industrialists of the post-Independence era had either evolved from the ranks of merchants and moneylenders of the colonial period or from wartime speculators and hoarders. In general, their interests lay in short-term speculative gains rather than in sustained industrial growth. In addition, the impoverished condition of the peasantry resulted in the prospects of attractive returns through the diversion of urban resources to the rural moneylending market. Let alone preventing fresh industrial investment, this diversion bled the industrial sector of funds to cover even the replacement costs of plant and machinery. Finally, because of the nexus long established between some sections of the owners of capital and the Congress party, decisive corrective intervention by the government after Independence became a problematic political task. This volume examines the processes by which these problems, exacerbated by colonial nonchalance, were comprehended by the political executive in independent India, and shows how measures of social engineering were attempted in order to reform the more extreme cases of capitalist cupidity.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: AxB2rgEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The prospects for industrial development in the early years of independent India were plagued by a number of interrelated issues. Indian industrialists of the post-Independence era had either evolved from the ranks of merchants and moneylenders of the colonial period or from wartime speculators and hoarders. In general, their interests lay in short-term speculative gains rather than in sustained industrial growth. In addition, the impoverished condition of the peasantry resulted in the prospects of attractive returns through the diversion of urban resources to the rural moneylending market. Let alone preventing fresh industrial investment, this diversion bled the industrial sector of funds to cover even the replacement costs of plant and machinery. Finally, because of the nexus long established between some sections of the owners of capital and the Congress party, decisive corrective intervention by the government after Independence became a problematic political task. This volume examines the processes by which these problems, exacerbated by colonial nonchalance, were comprehended by the political executive in independent India, and shows how measures of social engineering were attempted in order to reform the more extreme cases of capitalist cupidity.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Politics of Industry in Nehru's India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi, 2015.\n Google-Books-ID: oIVkjwEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{tyabji_politics_2015,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Industry} in {Nehru}'s {India}},\n\tisbn = {9789383650644},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Politics_of_Industry_in_Nehru_s_Indi/oIVkjwEACAAJ?hl=en},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Nehru Memorial Museum and Library},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: oIVkjwEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Values in Science: Making Sense of Biology Doctoral Students’ Critical Examination of a Deterministic Claim in a Media Article: VALUES IN SCIENCE.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raveendran, A.; and Chunawala, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science Education, 99(4): 669–695. July 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raveendran_values_2015,\n\ttitle = {Values in {Science}: {Making} {Sense} of {Biology} {Doctoral} {Students}’ {Critical} {Examination} of a {Deterministic} {Claim} in a {Media} {Article}: {VALUES} {IN} {SCIENCE}},\n\tvolume = {99},\n\tissn = {00368326},\n\tshorttitle = {Values in {Science}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sce.21174},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/sce.21174},\n\tabstract = {Several educators have emphasized that students need to understand science as a human endeavor that is not value free. In the exploratory study reported here, we investigated how doctoral students of biology understand the intersection of values and science in the context of genetic determinism. Deterministic research claims have been critiqued for their conceptual limitations as well as social implications. The study details the criteria used by 30 Indian students in their critical evaluation of a deterministic claim in a media article related to neurogenetics. Based on literature that discusses values in science, we categorize students’ responses into those motivated by epistemic and ultimate values, and make some qualitative inferences regarding their value-loaded critical thinking. We find that students exhibit varying levels of sophistication while critiquing foundational assumptions of the fallacious claim with a few resorting to narrow, discipline-based frameworks. Students proposed linear cause–effect models of the genotype–phenotype relationship and drew on disciplinary knowledge that is elementary in nature when discussing this relationship. We also find that only a few students critiqued these claims from social and ethical perspectives. The implications and relevance of the study for biology education at the higher education level are discussed.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Science Education},\n\tauthor = {Raveendran, Aswathy and Chunawala, Sugra},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {669--695},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Several educators have emphasized that students need to understand science as a human endeavor that is not value free. In the exploratory study reported here, we investigated how doctoral students of biology understand the intersection of values and science in the context of genetic determinism. Deterministic research claims have been critiqued for their conceptual limitations as well as social implications. The study details the criteria used by 30 Indian students in their critical evaluation of a deterministic claim in a media article related to neurogenetics. Based on literature that discusses values in science, we categorize students’ responses into those motivated by epistemic and ultimate values, and make some qualitative inferences regarding their value-loaded critical thinking. We find that students exhibit varying levels of sophistication while critiquing foundational assumptions of the fallacious claim with a few resorting to narrow, discipline-based frameworks. Students proposed linear cause–effect models of the genotype–phenotype relationship and drew on disciplinary knowledge that is elementary in nature when discussing this relationship. We also find that only a few students critiqued these claims from social and ethical perspectives. The implications and relevance of the study for biology education at the higher education level are discussed.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reproducing Values: A Feminist Critique of a Higher Secondary Biology Textbook Chapter on Reproductive Health.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raveendran, A.; and Chunawala, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 22(2): 194–218. June 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raveendran_reproducing_2015,\n\ttitle = {Reproducing {Values}: {A} {Feminist} {Critique} of a {Higher} {Secondary} {Biology} {Textbook} {Chapter} on {Reproductive} {Health}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tissn = {0971-5215, 0973-0672},\n\tshorttitle = {Reproducing {Values}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971521515578244},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971521515578244},\n\tabstract = {The aim of feminist critiques of science has been to challenge and dismantle symbolic masculinity in the mainstream, positivist discourse of science that is projected as value-free, objective, context-free and rational, reflecting ‘the truth’ about reality. A large number of these critiques have focused on uncovering androcentric values in scientific theories, raising larger questions on the fact–value dichotomy and pointing out how all fact is essentially value-laden. Our analysis has drawn from this tradition and argues how the science curriculum documents and the NCERT class XII textbook reflect the masculine, positivist discourse of science that upholds the fact–value dichotomy and in doing so communicates mainstream values through the facts that are propounded. In the context of the chapter on reproductive health, we argue that the textbook endorses the patriarchal, reductionist science designed to interfere with the menstrual cycle and technologies that pose risks to the woman’s body. Interviews with three teachers who teach the textbook also reveal that they view the topic as value-laden. The article suggests that textbook writers and teachers reflect on and make explicit the value-frameworks that underpin the ‘facts’ that they communicate to students.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of Gender Studies},\n\tauthor = {Raveendran, Aswathy and Chunawala, Sugra},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {194--218},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The aim of feminist critiques of science has been to challenge and dismantle symbolic masculinity in the mainstream, positivist discourse of science that is projected as value-free, objective, context-free and rational, reflecting ‘the truth’ about reality. A large number of these critiques have focused on uncovering androcentric values in scientific theories, raising larger questions on the fact–value dichotomy and pointing out how all fact is essentially value-laden. Our analysis has drawn from this tradition and argues how the science curriculum documents and the NCERT class XII textbook reflect the masculine, positivist discourse of science that upholds the fact–value dichotomy and in doing so communicates mainstream values through the facts that are propounded. In the context of the chapter on reproductive health, we argue that the textbook endorses the patriarchal, reductionist science designed to interfere with the menstrual cycle and technologies that pose risks to the woman’s body. Interviews with three teachers who teach the textbook also reveal that they view the topic as value-laden. The article suggests that textbook writers and teachers reflect on and make explicit the value-frameworks that underpin the ‘facts’ that they communicate to students.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Beastly Encounters of the Raj: Livelihoods, Livestock and Veterinary Health in North India, 1790-1920.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mishra, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Manchester University Press, 2015.\n Google-Books-ID: yQbmjwEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{mishra_beastly_2015,\n\ttitle = {Beastly {Encounters} of the {Raj}: {Livelihoods}, {Livestock} and {Veterinary} {Health} in {North} {India}, 1790-1920},\n\tisbn = {9781781708330},\n\tshorttitle = {Beastly {Encounters} of the {Raj}},\n\tabstract = {Historians of medicine have often focused exclusively on medical developments and ignored larger social realities. This book challenges such partial approaches and seeks to integrate medical issues within a larger narrative of social change. It explores both the social history of livestock and veterinary history in South Asia, and integrates both of them seamlessly within its narrative.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Manchester University Press},\n\tauthor = {Mishra, Saurabh},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: yQbmjwEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Historians of medicine have often focused exclusively on medical developments and ignored larger social realities. This book challenges such partial approaches and seeks to integrate medical issues within a larger narrative of social change. It explores both the social history of livestock and veterinary history in South Asia, and integrates both of them seamlessly within its narrative.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Trishanku Nation: Memory, Self, and Society in Contemporary India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, December 2015.\n Google-Books-ID: EnxJDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kumar_trishanku_2015,\n\ttitle = {The {Trishanku} {Nation}: {Memory}, {Self}, and {Society} in {Contemporary} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780199089536},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Trishanku} {Nation}},\n\tabstract = {Taking a cue from the story of Trishanku—the mythological king who aspired to reach heaven while still alive—Deepak Kumar builds a compelling narrative on the state of contemporary India. Much like Trishanku, who only succeeded in being stuck in limbo between heaven and earth, India appears to be oscillating at the crossroads of modernity and tradition; development and corruption; and diversity and communalism. The Trishanku Nation presents a provocative account of a country marked by its contradictions and seamlessly combines everyday social history with academic insights. All through its civilizational progress India has defied simple categorizations. This suppleness has been its greatest strength and, to a large extent, also responsible for its myriad problems. This volume dwells on this predicament of post-Independence India. Based on memory, both historical and personal, it begins with the depiction of life in a moffusil town and moves on to examine closely issues of caste, religion, communalism, governance, corruption, education, science, culture, and so forth, as seen in the last five decades. Presented with rare verve and wit, and by using the lens of personal experiences, these ‘rumblings’ help unfurl layers of life in the Indian subcontinent.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: EnxJDwAAQBAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Taking a cue from the story of Trishanku—the mythological king who aspired to reach heaven while still alive—Deepak Kumar builds a compelling narrative on the state of contemporary India. Much like Trishanku, who only succeeded in being stuck in limbo between heaven and earth, India appears to be oscillating at the crossroads of modernity and tradition; development and corruption; and diversity and communalism. The Trishanku Nation presents a provocative account of a country marked by its contradictions and seamlessly combines everyday social history with academic insights. All through its civilizational progress India has defied simple categorizations. This suppleness has been its greatest strength and, to a large extent, also responsible for its myriad problems. This volume dwells on this predicament of post-Independence India. Based on memory, both historical and personal, it begins with the depiction of life in a moffusil town and moves on to examine closely issues of caste, religion, communalism, governance, corruption, education, science, culture, and so forth, as seen in the last five decades. Presented with rare verve and wit, and by using the lens of personal experiences, these ‘rumblings’ help unfurl layers of life in the Indian subcontinent.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Metallic Modern: Everyday Machines in Colonial Sri Lanka.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wickramasinghe, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Berghahn Books, Oxford, 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{wickramasinghe_metallic_2014,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\ttitle = {Metallic {Modern}: {Everyday} {Machines} in {Colonial} {Sri} {Lanka}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-78238-242-3},\n\tshorttitle = {Metallic {Modern}},\n\turl = {https://www.berghahnbooks.com/title/WickramasingheMetallic},\n\tabstract = {Everyday life in the Crown colony of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) was characterized by a direct encounter of people with modernity through the consumption and use of foreign machines – in particular, the Singer sewing machine, but also the gramophone, tramway, bicycle and varieties of industrial equipment. The ‘metallic modern’ of the 19th and early 20th century Ceylon encompassed multiple worlds of belonging and imagination; and enabled diverse conceptions of time to coexist through encounters with Siam, the United States and Japan as well as a new conception of urban space in Colombo. Metallic Modern describes the modern as it was lived and experienced by non-elite groups – tailors, seamstresses, shopkeepers, workers – and suggests that their idea of the modern was nurtured by a changing material world.},\n\turldate = {2025-08-27},\n\tpublisher = {Berghahn Books},\n\tauthor = {Wickramasinghe, Nira},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tdoi = {10.3167/9781782382423},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, 20th Century, Artefacts, Colombo, Colonial History, Machines, Modernity, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Technology, Sri Lanka, Technology \\& Society, Urban Studies, Urban infrastructure},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Everyday life in the Crown colony of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) was characterized by a direct encounter of people with modernity through the consumption and use of foreign machines – in particular, the Singer sewing machine, but also the gramophone, tramway, bicycle and varieties of industrial equipment. The ‘metallic modern’ of the 19th and early 20th century Ceylon encompassed multiple worlds of belonging and imagination; and enabled diverse conceptions of time to coexist through encounters with Siam, the United States and Japan as well as a new conception of urban space in Colombo. Metallic Modern describes the modern as it was lived and experienced by non-elite groups – tailors, seamstresses, shopkeepers, workers – and suggests that their idea of the modern was nurtured by a changing material world.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Creative Dissent: Linking Vulnerability and Knowledge in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, C. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hommels, A.; Mesman, J.; and Bijker, W. E., editor(s), Vulnerability in Technological Cultures: New Directions in Research and Governance, pages 135–154. MIT Press, Cambirdge, MA & London, March 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{hommels_creative_2014,\n\taddress = {Cambirdge, MA \\& London},\n\ttitle = {Creative {Dissent}: {Linking} {Vulnerability} and {Knowledge} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780262027106},\n\tshorttitle = {Vulnerability in {Technological} {Cultures}},\n\turl = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/4040/chapter-abstract/167961/Creative-Dissent-Linking-Vulnerability-and?redirectedFrom=fulltext},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Vulnerability in {Technological} {Cultures}: {New} {Directions} in {Research} and {Governance}},\n\tpublisher = {MIT Press},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, C. Shambu},\n\teditor = {Hommels, Anique and Mesman, Jessica and Bijker, Wiebe E.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Creative Dissent, Gandhi \\& Science, Gandhian Philosophy of Technology, Risk Governance, Technology \\& Society, Vulnerability},\n\tpages = {135--154},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ecofeminism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shiva, V.; and Mies, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bloomsbury Publishing, London and New York, March 2014.\n Google-Books-ID: qP00EAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{shiva_ecofeminism_2014,\n\taddress = {London and New York},\n\ttitle = {Ecofeminism},\n\tisbn = {9781780329789},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Ecofeminism/qP00EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Vandana+Shiva&pg=PP1&printsec=frontcover},\n\tabstract = {This groundbreaking work remains as relevant today as when it was when first published. Two of Zed's best-known authors argue that ecological destruction and industrial catastrophes constitute a direct threat to everyday life, the maintenance of which has been made the particular responsibility of women. In both industrialized societies and the developing countries, the new wars the world is experiencing, violent ethnic chauvinisms and the malfunctioning of the economy also pose urgent questions for ecofeminists. Is there a relationship between patriarchal oppression and the destruction of nature in the name of profit and progress? How can women counter the violence inherent in these processes? Should they look to a link between the women's movement and other social movements?Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva offer a thought-provoking analysis of these and many other issues from a unique North-South perspective. They critique prevailing economic theories, conventional concepts of women's emancipation, the myth of 'catching up' development, the philosophical foundations of modern science and technology, and the omission of ethics when discussing so many questions, including advances in reproductive technology and biotechnology.In constructing their own ecofeminist epistemology and methodology, these two internationally respected feminist environmental activists look to the potential of movements advocating consumer liberation and subsistence production, sustainability and regeneration, and they argue for an acceptance of limits and reciprocity and a rejection of exploitation, the endless commoditization of needs, and violence.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Shiva, Vandana and Mies, Maria},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: qP00EAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biodiversity, Decolonization, Development, Ecofeminism, Ecology and Development, Environment, Epistemic Agency, Epistemic Pluralism, Epistemology, Feminist Epistemology, Feminist STS, Gender, Gender \\& Science, New Reproductive Technologies, Science and Environment, Traditional knowledge, Women},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This groundbreaking work remains as relevant today as when it was when first published. Two of Zed's best-known authors argue that ecological destruction and industrial catastrophes constitute a direct threat to everyday life, the maintenance of which has been made the particular responsibility of women. In both industrialized societies and the developing countries, the new wars the world is experiencing, violent ethnic chauvinisms and the malfunctioning of the economy also pose urgent questions for ecofeminists. Is there a relationship between patriarchal oppression and the destruction of nature in the name of profit and progress? How can women counter the violence inherent in these processes? Should they look to a link between the women's movement and other social movements?Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva offer a thought-provoking analysis of these and many other issues from a unique North-South perspective. They critique prevailing economic theories, conventional concepts of women's emancipation, the myth of 'catching up' development, the philosophical foundations of modern science and technology, and the omission of ethics when discussing so many questions, including advances in reproductive technology and biotechnology.In constructing their own ecofeminist epistemology and methodology, these two internationally respected feminist environmental activists look to the potential of movements advocating consumer liberation and subsistence production, sustainability and regeneration, and they argue for an acceptance of limits and reciprocity and a rejection of exploitation, the endless commoditization of needs, and violence.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From Serosocial to Sanguinary Identities: Caste, Transnational Race Science and the Shifting Metonymies of BBlood Group B, India c. 1918–1960.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 51(2): 143–176. April 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_serosocial_2014,\n\ttitle = {From {Serosocial} to {Sanguinary} {Identities}: {Caste}, {Transnational} {Race} {Science} and the {Shifting} {Metonymies} of {BBlood} {Group} {B}, {India} c. 1918–1960},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\tshorttitle = {From serosocial to sanguinary identities},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0019464614525711},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0019464614525711},\n\tabstract = {A serendipitous encounter during the Great War left a brilliant Polish–Jewish scientist and his wife stranded at a Greek outpost with a small contingent of British and French Imperial troops. This chance encounter led to the birth not only of a new branch of science, that is, sero-anthropology, but also a novel theory about the origin of the blood group ‘B’ in India. In the following decades, this theory evolved and metamorphosed within British India through transnational scientific conversations as well as its resonances with South Asian identity politics. As the meanings of the isohaemagglutinin B morphed, the transnational meanings of race were repeatedly tripped up. In due course vernacularized Indian sero-anthropology produced a range of serosocial identities located as much in blood sera as in embedded socialities. After 1960, however, these serosocial identities were gradually overcome by purely sanguinary identities whose truth was located exclusively in the blood devoid of any sociality.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Blood Group, Caste, History of Medicine, India},\n\tpages = {143--176},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A serendipitous encounter during the Great War left a brilliant Polish–Jewish scientist and his wife stranded at a Greek outpost with a small contingent of British and French Imperial troops. This chance encounter led to the birth not only of a new branch of science, that is, sero-anthropology, but also a novel theory about the origin of the blood group ‘B’ in India. In the following decades, this theory evolved and metamorphosed within British India through transnational scientific conversations as well as its resonances with South Asian identity politics. As the meanings of the isohaemagglutinin B morphed, the transnational meanings of race were repeatedly tripped up. In due course vernacularized Indian sero-anthropology produced a range of serosocial identities located as much in blood sera as in embedded socialities. After 1960, however, these serosocial identities were gradually overcome by purely sanguinary identities whose truth was located exclusively in the blood devoid of any sociality.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rethinking Technological Choices and Knowledge Production in the Mines and on the Factory Floor: Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha's Experiences in Central India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishnan, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 6(3): 213–221. May 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{krishnan_rethinking_2014,\n\ttitle = {Rethinking {Technological} {Choices} and {Knowledge} {Production} in the {Mines} and on the {Factory} {Floor}: {Chhattisgarh} {Mukti} {Morcha}'s {Experiences} in {Central} {India}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {2042-1338, 2042-1346},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20421338.2014.940167},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20421338.2014.940167},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tjournal = {African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development},\n\tauthor = {Krishnan, Radhika},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Central India, Chhattisgarh, Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha, Engineering, Iron Ore, Mines, Technological Choices, Technological Imaginary, Transfer of Technology, Workers},\n\tpages = {213--221},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Pervious Drugs: Making the Pharmaceutical Object in Techno-Ayurveda.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pordié, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Medicine, 9(1-2): 49–76. December 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{pordie_pervious_2014,\n\ttitle = {Pervious {Drugs}: {Making} the {Pharmaceutical} {Object} in {Techno}-{Ayurveda}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {1573-420x, 1573-4218},\n\tshorttitle = {Pervious {Drugs}},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/view/journals/asme/9/1-2/article-p49_3.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1163/15734218-12341292},\n\tabstract = {What makes it possible for ayurvedic pharmaceutical objects to come into being? To answer this question, this paper takes an ontological route in line with local epistemologies, in which the objectness of the thing is itself taken as quite porous and susceptible to circumstances. This approach has much in common with science and technology studies: objects acquire meaning in a specific context, itself embedded in a relational network at a specific point in time and space. Here too, objects are unstable, transient and circumstantial. This has serious consequences since the connections around objects question, even destabilise, the very idea of objectivity. This article examines what is omitted in the discussions and practices on objectivity in technologically driven ayurvedic drug discovery and manufacturing. It discusses innovation processes within and beyond the lab and the way in which pharmaceutical objects absorb ideas, epistemologies, materials, or even policies. These considerations will provide a useful methodological framework to appreciate the kind of uncertainties and heterodoxies that characterise these therapeutic products.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {Asian Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Pordié, Laurent},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {India, Innovation, Objects, Pharmaceuticals, Sociology of Medicine},\n\tpages = {49--76},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n What makes it possible for ayurvedic pharmaceutical objects to come into being? To answer this question, this paper takes an ontological route in line with local epistemologies, in which the objectness of the thing is itself taken as quite porous and susceptible to circumstances. This approach has much in common with science and technology studies: objects acquire meaning in a specific context, itself embedded in a relational network at a specific point in time and space. Here too, objects are unstable, transient and circumstantial. This has serious consequences since the connections around objects question, even destabilise, the very idea of objectivity. This article examines what is omitted in the discussions and practices on objectivity in technologically driven ayurvedic drug discovery and manufacturing. It discusses innovation processes within and beyond the lab and the way in which pharmaceutical objects absorb ideas, epistemologies, materials, or even policies. These considerations will provide a useful methodological framework to appreciate the kind of uncertainties and heterodoxies that characterise these therapeutic products.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Industrial Innovation, Networks, and Economic Development: Informal Information Sharing in Low-Technology Clusters in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kamath, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, November 2014.\n Google-Books-ID: 4UKcBQAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kamath_industrial_2014,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Industrial {Innovation}, {Networks}, and {Economic} {Development}: {Informal} {Information} {Sharing} in {Low}-{Technology} {Clusters} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781317598893},\n\tshorttitle = {Industrial {Innovation}, {Networks}, and {Economic} {Development}},\n\tabstract = {This book offers an innovative examination of how ‘low–technology’ industries operate. Based on extensive fieldwork in India, the book fuses economic and sociological perspectives on information sharing by means of informal interaction in a low-technology cluster in a developing country. In doing so, the book sheds new light on settings where economic relations arise as emergent properties of social relations. This book examines industrial innovation and microeconomic network behaviour among producers and clusters, perceiving knowledge diffusion to be a socially-spatial, as much as a geographically spatial, phenomenon. This is achieved by employing two methods – simulation modelling, and (quantitative, qualitative, and historical) social network analysis. The simulation model, based on its findings, motivates two empirical studies – one descriptive case and one network study – of low-tech rural and semi-urban traditional technology clusters in Kerala state in southern India. These cases demonstrate two contrasting stories of how social cohesion either supports or thwarts informal information sharing and learning.This book pushes towards an economic-sociology approach to understanding knowledge diffusion and technological learning, which perceives innovation and learning as being more social processes than the mainstream view perceives them to be. In doing so, it makes a significant contribution to the literature on defensive innovation and the role of networks in technological innovation and knowledge diffusion, as well as to policy studies of Indian small firm and traditional technology clusters.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Kamath, Anant},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 4UKcBQAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Coir, Handloom, Industrialisation, Innovation Policy, Innovation ecosystem, Innovation studies, Kerala, Rural India, Science Policy, Social Network Analysis, Technological innovation, Technologies-in-Practice, Technology \\& Society, Technology Clusters},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book offers an innovative examination of how ‘low–technology’ industries operate. Based on extensive fieldwork in India, the book fuses economic and sociological perspectives on information sharing by means of informal interaction in a low-technology cluster in a developing country. In doing so, the book sheds new light on settings where economic relations arise as emergent properties of social relations. This book examines industrial innovation and microeconomic network behaviour among producers and clusters, perceiving knowledge diffusion to be a socially-spatial, as much as a geographically spatial, phenomenon. This is achieved by employing two methods – simulation modelling, and (quantitative, qualitative, and historical) social network analysis. The simulation model, based on its findings, motivates two empirical studies – one descriptive case and one network study – of low-tech rural and semi-urban traditional technology clusters in Kerala state in southern India. These cases demonstrate two contrasting stories of how social cohesion either supports or thwarts informal information sharing and learning.This book pushes towards an economic-sociology approach to understanding knowledge diffusion and technological learning, which perceives innovation and learning as being more social processes than the mainstream view perceives them to be. In doing so, it makes a significant contribution to the literature on defensive innovation and the role of networks in technological innovation and knowledge diffusion, as well as to policy studies of Indian small firm and traditional technology clusters.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n When Grassroots Innovation Movements Encounter Mainstream Institutions: Implications for Models of Inclusive Innovation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fressoli, M.; Arond, E.; Abrol, D.; Smith, A.; Ely, A.; and Dias, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Innovation and Development, 4(2): 277–292. July 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{fressoli_when_2014,\n\ttitle = {When {Grassroots} {Innovation} {Movements} {Encounter} {Mainstream} {Institutions}: {Implications} for {Models} of {Inclusive} {Innovation}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {2157-930X, 2157-9318},\n\tshorttitle = {When grassroots innovation movements encounter mainstream institutions},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/2157930X.2014.921354},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/2157930X.2014.921354},\n\tabstract = {Grassroots innovation movements (GIMs) can be regarded as initiators or advocates of alternative pathways of innovation. Sometimes these movements engage with more established science, technology and innovation (STI) institutions and development agencies in pursuit of their goals. In this paper, we argue that an important aspect to encounters between GIMs and mainstream STI institutions is the negotiation of different framings of grassroots innovation and development of policy models for inclusive innovation. These encounters can result in two different modes of engagement by GIMs; what we call insertion and mobilization. We illustrate and discuss these interrelated notions of framings and modes of engagement by drawing on three case studies of GIMs: the Social Technologies Network in Brazil, and the Honey Bee Network and People's Science Movements in India. The cases highlight that inclusion in the context of GIMs is not an unproblematic, smooth endeavour, and involves diverse interpretations and framings, which shape what and who gets included or excluded. Within the context of increasing policy interest, the analysis of encounters between GIMs and STI institutions can offer important lessons for the design of models of inclusive innovation and development.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Innovation and Development},\n\tauthor = {Fressoli, Mariano and Arond, Elisa and Abrol, Dinesh and Smith, Adrian and Ely, Adrian and Dias, Rafael},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Inclusive innovation, India, Innovation ecosystem, Rural India},\n\tpages = {277--292},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Grassroots innovation movements (GIMs) can be regarded as initiators or advocates of alternative pathways of innovation. Sometimes these movements engage with more established science, technology and innovation (STI) institutions and development agencies in pursuit of their goals. In this paper, we argue that an important aspect to encounters between GIMs and mainstream STI institutions is the negotiation of different framings of grassroots innovation and development of policy models for inclusive innovation. These encounters can result in two different modes of engagement by GIMs; what we call insertion and mobilization. We illustrate and discuss these interrelated notions of framings and modes of engagement by drawing on three case studies of GIMs: the Social Technologies Network in Brazil, and the Honey Bee Network and People's Science Movements in India. The cases highlight that inclusion in the context of GIMs is not an unproblematic, smooth endeavour, and involves diverse interpretations and framings, which shape what and who gets included or excluded. Within the context of increasing policy interest, the analysis of encounters between GIMs and STI institutions can offer important lessons for the design of models of inclusive innovation and development.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Trophies of An Afternoon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mochu\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in South Asian Film & Media, 6(2): 205–212. December 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{mochu_trophies_2014,\n\ttitle = {Trophies of {An} {Afternoon}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {1756-4921, 1756-493X},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/safm.6.2.205_7},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/safm.6.2.205_7},\n\tabstract = {In the later years of his life, the influential British psychoanalyst Wilfred R. Bion compiled a fictional trilogy called A Memoir of the Future (1990), loosely based on his childhood in Mathura, India. Through his method – which he modestly called ‘science fiction’ – he constructed a speculative account of the future of psychoanalysis. Considered one of the greatest psychoanalytic thinkers since Freud, Bion is most well-known for his work on emotional states within groups and also for his ‘theories on thinking’. Bion’s concept of maternal ‘reverie’ as the capacity of the mother to sense (and make sense of) what is going on inside the infant has been an important element in post-Kleinian thought. All these concepts are revisited through his ‘science-fictional method’ in A Memoir of the Future (1990). Through this work he wished to break down the constraints of sense that characterized psychoanalytic writing and arrive at a ‘communication of pure non-sense’. \n The text that follows is a creation myth that combines elements of science fiction and Bion’s theories of psychic envelopes, imagined within the context of the colonial experience in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Studies in South Asian Film \\& Media},\n\tauthor = {{Mochu}},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Cultural Studies of S\\&T, Psychoanalysis},\n\tpages = {205--212},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the later years of his life, the influential British psychoanalyst Wilfred R. Bion compiled a fictional trilogy called A Memoir of the Future (1990), loosely based on his childhood in Mathura, India. Through his method – which he modestly called ‘science fiction’ – he constructed a speculative account of the future of psychoanalysis. Considered one of the greatest psychoanalytic thinkers since Freud, Bion is most well-known for his work on emotional states within groups and also for his ‘theories on thinking’. Bion’s concept of maternal ‘reverie’ as the capacity of the mother to sense (and make sense of) what is going on inside the infant has been an important element in post-Kleinian thought. All these concepts are revisited through his ‘science-fictional method’ in A Memoir of the Future (1990). Through this work he wished to break down the constraints of sense that characterized psychoanalytic writing and arrive at a ‘communication of pure non-sense’. The text that follows is a creation myth that combines elements of science fiction and Bion’s theories of psychic envelopes, imagined within the context of the colonial experience in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rural Perspectives of Climate Change: A Study from Saurastra and Kutch of Western India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moghariya, D. P.; and Smardon, R. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Public Understanding of Science, 23(6): 660–677. August 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{moghariya_rural_2014,\n\ttitle = {Rural {Perspectives} of {Climate} {Change}: {A} {Study} from {Saurastra} and {Kutch} of {Western} {India}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {0963-6625, 1361-6609},\n\tshorttitle = {Rural perspectives of climate change},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0963662512465698},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0963662512465698},\n\tabstract = {This research reports on rural people’s beliefs and understandings of climate change in the Saurastra/Kutch region of Western India. Results suggest that although most rural respondents have not heard about the scientific concept of climate change, they have detected changes in the climate. They appear to hold divergent understandings about climate change and have different priorities for causes and solutions. Many respondents appear to base their understandings of climate change upon a mix of ideas drawn from various sources and rely on different kinds of reasoning in relation to both causes of and solutions to climate change to those used by scientists. Environmental conditions were found to influence individuals’ understanding of climate change, while demographic factors were not. The results suggest a need to learn more about people’s conceptual models and understandings of climate change and a need to include local climate research in communication efforts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {Public Understanding of Science},\n\tauthor = {Moghariya, Dineshkumar P. and Smardon, Richard C.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Gujarat, India, Kutch, Public Understanding of},\n\tpages = {660--677},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This research reports on rural people’s beliefs and understandings of climate change in the Saurastra/Kutch region of Western India. Results suggest that although most rural respondents have not heard about the scientific concept of climate change, they have detected changes in the climate. They appear to hold divergent understandings about climate change and have different priorities for causes and solutions. Many respondents appear to base their understandings of climate change upon a mix of ideas drawn from various sources and rely on different kinds of reasoning in relation to both causes of and solutions to climate change to those used by scientists. Environmental conditions were found to influence individuals’ understanding of climate change, while demographic factors were not. The results suggest a need to learn more about people’s conceptual models and understandings of climate change and a need to include local climate research in communication efforts.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Own Maps/Imagined Terrain: The Emergence of Science Fiction in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhattacharya, A.; and Hiradhar, P. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Extrapolation, 55(3): 277–297. January 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bhattacharya_own_2014,\n\ttitle = {Own {Maps}/{Imagined} {Terrain}: {The} {Emergence} of {Science} {Fiction} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {00145483},\n\tshorttitle = {Own maps/imagined terrain},\n\turl = {https://commons.ln.edu.hk/sw_master/3408},\n\tdoi = {10.3828/extr.2014.16},\n\tabstract = {The emergence of science fiction (sf) in Bengal in India is situated within the historical boundaries and intersections that mark a certain conjuncture with the arrival and subsequent entrenchment of colonial-Enlightenment science. This paper traces the specific responses to this form of science, and the appearance of sf as a narrative mode embodying a certain kind of ambivalence, that negotiates a space, an imagined territory, within the framework of colonial science. An analysis of a few early sf writings in Bengal, which outline the narrative trajectories evolving in Indian sf, locates this ambivalence.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Extrapolation},\n\tauthor = {Bhattacharya, Atanu and Hiradhar, Preet Pankaj},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Colonialism, Domestication of science, Literature, Modernity, Science \\& Culture, Science Fiction},\n\tpages = {277--297},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The emergence of science fiction (sf) in Bengal in India is situated within the historical boundaries and intersections that mark a certain conjuncture with the arrival and subsequent entrenchment of colonial-Enlightenment science. This paper traces the specific responses to this form of science, and the appearance of sf as a narrative mode embodying a certain kind of ambivalence, that negotiates a space, an imagined territory, within the framework of colonial science. An analysis of a few early sf writings in Bengal, which outline the narrative trajectories evolving in Indian sf, locates this ambivalence.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Obsolescence of First Generation GM Cotton Seed: Is it Planned?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ejnavarzala, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Biotechnology & Development Review, 16(3). 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ejnavarzala_obsolescence_2014,\n\ttitle = {Obsolescence of {First} {Generation} {GM} {Cotton} {Seed}: {Is} it {Planned}?},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tshorttitle = {Obsolescence of first generation {GM} cotton seed},\n\turl = {https://www.academia.edu/download/48950177/ABDR_Nov-2014-printversion.pdf#page=53},\n\tabstract = {Genetically modified cotton seed with a gene engineered from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a toxin that kills Bollworm, a major pest that attacks cotton crop, and was introduced in Gujarat in India in 2002. The Government of India gave formal approval to Mahyco-Monsanto Biotech Limited, a joint venture company between Monsanto, which has patent rights over Bt technology and Mahyco, a leading Indian seed company for commercial release of Bt technology in cotton crop in 2002. Bt cotton cultivation spread to major cotton growing states such as Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh. Today in India 80 per cent of cotton cultivated is GM cotton. The first generation GM cotton seed, which had the Cry1Ac gene, has recently been shown by the company to be ineffective as it has not been able to fight the bollworm on the ground that the pest developed resistance against the toxin. Based on the company’s assessment of the performance of the first generation Bt cotton seed in 2009 in Gujarat, the company declared that the first generation Bt cotton seed has become ineffective as it could not fight pink bollworm. The company introduced the second generation Bt cotton seed into which an additional gene-Cry2Ab-in addition to Cry1Ac was engineered. The article raises the following questions: Could the company’s attempt to make the first generation Bt cottonseed prematurely obsolete be a deliberate corporate strategy to introduce a new seed with some incremental modification so that the company could extend its monopolistic control over technology?},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Asian Biotechnology \\& Development Review},\n\tauthor = {Ejnavarzala, Haribabu},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Andhra Pradesh, India, Maharashtra},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Genetically modified cotton seed with a gene engineered from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a toxin that kills Bollworm, a major pest that attacks cotton crop, and was introduced in Gujarat in India in 2002. The Government of India gave formal approval to Mahyco-Monsanto Biotech Limited, a joint venture company between Monsanto, which has patent rights over Bt technology and Mahyco, a leading Indian seed company for commercial release of Bt technology in cotton crop in 2002. Bt cotton cultivation spread to major cotton growing states such as Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh. Today in India 80 per cent of cotton cultivated is GM cotton. The first generation GM cotton seed, which had the Cry1Ac gene, has recently been shown by the company to be ineffective as it has not been able to fight the bollworm on the ground that the pest developed resistance against the toxin. Based on the company’s assessment of the performance of the first generation Bt cotton seed in 2009 in Gujarat, the company declared that the first generation Bt cotton seed has become ineffective as it could not fight pink bollworm. The company introduced the second generation Bt cotton seed into which an additional gene-Cry2Ab-in addition to Cry1Ac was engineered. The article raises the following questions: Could the company’s attempt to make the first generation Bt cottonseed prematurely obsolete be a deliberate corporate strategy to introduce a new seed with some incremental modification so that the company could extend its monopolistic control over technology?\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n E-Governance in India: Interlocking Politics, Technology and Culture.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chaudhuri, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, London, 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chaudhuri_e-governance_2014,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {E-{Governance} in {India}: {Interlocking} {Politics}, {Technology} and {Culture}},\n\tisbn = {9781315775210},\n\tshorttitle = {E-{Governance} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {E-Governance has been one of the strategic sectors of reform in India since late 1990s under the rubric of ‘good governance’ agenda promoted by International Organizations. As India’s policy focus changed towards economic liberalization, deregulation and privatization proliferating domestic and foreign investment, ICT (Information Communication Technology) has been one of the leading areas for such heightened investment. Consequently, there has been a burgeoning interest in deploying ICT, in revamping the public service delivery and eventually the overall system of governance.\nThis book analyses e-Governance in India and argues that such initiatives did not take place in isolation but followed in the footsteps of broader governance reform agenda that has already made considerable impact on the discourses and practices of governance in India. Employing interdisciplinary methodology by combining approaches from the Political Sciences, Sociology and Postcolonial/ transcultural studies, this book presents a qualitative account of the policies and practices of e-Governance reform in India along with a detailed case study of the Common Services Centres (CSCs) Scheme under the National e-Governance Plan of the Government of India and its resultant impact on the overall system of governance. It unfolds general theoretical issues in terms of the relationship between technology and governance and the entanglement of politics, technology and culture in the complex whole of governance. This furthers our understanding of the impact of the transnational governance reform agenda on post-colonial and post-communist societies of the developing world.\nMaking an important and original contribution to the emerging field of e-Governance and to the existing body of research on governance in general, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of Political Science, Political Sociology, South Asian Politics and Governance.},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Chaudhuri, Bidisha},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315775210},\n\tkeywords = {Digital STS, E-governance, Governmentality, India, Information \\& Communication Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n E-Governance has been one of the strategic sectors of reform in India since late 1990s under the rubric of ‘good governance’ agenda promoted by International Organizations. As India’s policy focus changed towards economic liberalization, deregulation and privatization proliferating domestic and foreign investment, ICT (Information Communication Technology) has been one of the leading areas for such heightened investment. Consequently, there has been a burgeoning interest in deploying ICT, in revamping the public service delivery and eventually the overall system of governance. This book analyses e-Governance in India and argues that such initiatives did not take place in isolation but followed in the footsteps of broader governance reform agenda that has already made considerable impact on the discourses and practices of governance in India. Employing interdisciplinary methodology by combining approaches from the Political Sciences, Sociology and Postcolonial/ transcultural studies, this book presents a qualitative account of the policies and practices of e-Governance reform in India along with a detailed case study of the Common Services Centres (CSCs) Scheme under the National e-Governance Plan of the Government of India and its resultant impact on the overall system of governance. It unfolds general theoretical issues in terms of the relationship between technology and governance and the entanglement of politics, technology and culture in the complex whole of governance. This furthers our understanding of the impact of the transnational governance reform agenda on post-colonial and post-communist societies of the developing world. Making an important and original contribution to the emerging field of e-Governance and to the existing body of research on governance in general, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of Political Science, Political Sociology, South Asian Politics and Governance.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamic Networks of Grassroots Innovators in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 6(3): 193–201. May 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_dynamic_2014,\n\ttitle = {Dynamic {Networks} of {Grassroots} {Innovators} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {2042-1338, 2042-1346},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20421338.2014.940170},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20421338.2014.940170},\n\tabstract = {'Grassroots innovations' in India are receiving increasing attention from innovation scholars and policymakers alike. These innovations are individual or community efforts to solve the problems faced in one's daily life. Moreover, rather than responding to any 'potential market' demand, these efforts are often geared towards satisfying one's own innate psychological needs and fulfilment of the so-called 'social duty'. The National Innovation Foundation (NIF) is working towards popularisation and diffusion of these innovations. Such policies have taken the form of various kinds of formal and informal networks involving innovation. Using primary and secondary data, we intend to study the relationships between various kinds of networks that innovators form at different stages of innovation. Results show that networks keep changing and have vital effects on the innovation in the informal sector.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Hemant},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {India, Informal sector, Innovation studies},\n\tpages = {193--201},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n 'Grassroots innovations' in India are receiving increasing attention from innovation scholars and policymakers alike. These innovations are individual or community efforts to solve the problems faced in one's daily life. Moreover, rather than responding to any 'potential market' demand, these efforts are often geared towards satisfying one's own innate psychological needs and fulfilment of the so-called 'social duty'. The National Innovation Foundation (NIF) is working towards popularisation and diffusion of these innovations. Such policies have taken the form of various kinds of formal and informal networks involving innovation. Using primary and secondary data, we intend to study the relationships between various kinds of networks that innovators form at different stages of innovation. Results show that networks keep changing and have vital effects on the innovation in the informal sector.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Understanding the Diffusion Modes of Grassroots Innovations in India: A Study of Honey Bee Network Supported Innovators.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abrol, D.; and Gupta, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 6(6): 541–552. November 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{abrol_understanding_2014,\n\ttitle = {Understanding the {Diffusion} {Modes} of {Grassroots} {Innovations} in {India}: {A} {Study} of {Honey} {Bee} {Network} {Supported} {Innovators}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {2042-1338, 2042-1346},\n\tshorttitle = {Understanding the diffusion modes of grassroots innovations in {India}},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20421338.2014.976974},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20421338.2014.976974},\n\tabstract = {In this paper we examine the outcomes and connections of preferences of the non-formal innovators identified by the Honey Bee Network (HBN) in India. The chosen mode of diffusion of each innovation has been correlated to socio-economic backgrounds, origins of knowledge of the innovators, their motivations, the fields and domains of knowledge application, and product designs characteristics. Evidence indicates that an overwhelming majority of innovations did not seem to require significant financial or technical investments and were of the kind that would be diffused through open sharing far more easily. Further, while some innovators had chosen to be innovator entrepreneurs, the scope of their business remains local and confined to the same village, town, or nearby areas in most cases. Only a handful of innovator entrepreneurs chose to expand their business outside their own locality. The authors conclude that policy makers should try to incorporate in their incubation strategies the principles of cooperation and collective participation among the grassroots innovators in their own respective places to accelerate the impact of grassroots innovations on the economy and society.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development},\n\tauthor = {Abrol, Dinesh and Gupta, Ankush},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Diffusion of Technology, India, Innovation ecosystem},\n\tpages = {541--552},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this paper we examine the outcomes and connections of preferences of the non-formal innovators identified by the Honey Bee Network (HBN) in India. The chosen mode of diffusion of each innovation has been correlated to socio-economic backgrounds, origins of knowledge of the innovators, their motivations, the fields and domains of knowledge application, and product designs characteristics. Evidence indicates that an overwhelming majority of innovations did not seem to require significant financial or technical investments and were of the kind that would be diffused through open sharing far more easily. Further, while some innovators had chosen to be innovator entrepreneurs, the scope of their business remains local and confined to the same village, town, or nearby areas in most cases. Only a handful of innovator entrepreneurs chose to expand their business outside their own locality. The authors conclude that policy makers should try to incorporate in their incubation strategies the principles of cooperation and collective participation among the grassroots innovators in their own respective places to accelerate the impact of grassroots innovations on the economy and society.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An Evening on Mars, Love on the Moon: 1960s Science Fiction Films from Bombay.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sawhney, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in South Asian Film & Media, 6(2): 121–146. December 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sawhney_evening_2014,\n\ttitle = {An {Evening} on {Mars}, {Love} on the {Moon}: 1960s {Science} {Fiction} {Films} from {Bombay}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {1756-4921, 1756-493X},\n\tshorttitle = {An evening on {Mars}, love on the moon},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/safm.6.2.121_1},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/safm.6.2.121_1},\n\tabstract = {Abstract \n A number of low-budget science fiction (SF) films were made in Bombay in the 1960s that have entirely been glossed over in scholarly accounts of Indian film history, genre studies, or global accounts of non-western SF cinema. Symptomatic of the desires and anxieties of the space age, these films mobilized common science fictional tropes of UFOs, space travel, rockets, atomic energy, gigantic monsters, epic disaster, automatons, aliens, and so on, in an attempt to legitimize India’s claims to scientific and technological modernity. Inspired by the SF narratives and iconography of 1950s international films, these B-films constructed alternative circuits of stardom and creative labour, along with new imaginations of science, technology and ethics. Although prints of most of the films are unavailable, this article constructs a speculative account of the industrial economies and aesthetic characteristics of this peculiarly 1960s Bombay B genre through film scripts, song and publicity booklets, film stills, posters, media interviews and film reviews. The flash-in-the-pan appearance of the genre in the 1960s, much like a meteorite zapping past, is indicative of the tremendous risk and enterprise that characterizes 1960s Bombay cinema, and this article attempts to recover some of this, in its lowbrow forms.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Studies in South Asian Film \\& Media},\n\tauthor = {Sawhney, Rashmi},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {121--146},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract A number of low-budget science fiction (SF) films were made in Bombay in the 1960s that have entirely been glossed over in scholarly accounts of Indian film history, genre studies, or global accounts of non-western SF cinema. Symptomatic of the desires and anxieties of the space age, these films mobilized common science fictional tropes of UFOs, space travel, rockets, atomic energy, gigantic monsters, epic disaster, automatons, aliens, and so on, in an attempt to legitimize India’s claims to scientific and technological modernity. Inspired by the SF narratives and iconography of 1950s international films, these B-films constructed alternative circuits of stardom and creative labour, along with new imaginations of science, technology and ethics. Although prints of most of the films are unavailable, this article constructs a speculative account of the industrial economies and aesthetic characteristics of this peculiarly 1960s Bombay B genre through film scripts, song and publicity booklets, film stills, posters, media interviews and film reviews. The flash-in-the-pan appearance of the genre in the 1960s, much like a meteorite zapping past, is indicative of the tremendous risk and enterprise that characterizes 1960s Bombay cinema, and this article attempts to recover some of this, in its lowbrow forms.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Orbit of Commodified Technoscience: Innovations in Agricultural Technology in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mallick, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 8(4): 346. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mallick_orbit_2014,\n\ttitle = {The {Orbit} of {Commodified} {Technoscience}: {Innovations} in {Agricultural} {Technology} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {1740-8822, 1740-8830},\n\tshorttitle = {The orbit of commodified technoscience},\n\turl = {http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=66656},\n\tdoi = {10.1504/IJISD.2014.066656},\n\tabstract = {The paper reviews the strategies by the Government of India over time to improve the state of agriculture. The institutional framework within which these strategies were conceived of and implemented though have contributed to improvement in agricultural productivity have led to larger consequences. Productivity based on green revolution strategy has reached a plateau and substantial yield gaps still persist. The emergence of gene revolution and ushering in of the new institutional framework guided by the Intellectual Property Rights regime have further contributed to the conflicting debates on appropriate technologies in agriculture in India. The paper focuses on the potential of non–controversial, genomics–based marker–assisted selection (MAS) technology for addressing biotic and abiotic stresses, and yield enhancement in agriculture. MAS is a non–proprietary technology, having seldom conflicting interests about ownership and control. It has the potential to promote more inclusive and user–centred innovations in agriculture in all the regions including rain–fed areas.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development},\n\tauthor = {Mallick, Sambit},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Research, Agricultural Technology, Genomics, India, Innovation studies, Intellectual Property Rights, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {346},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The paper reviews the strategies by the Government of India over time to improve the state of agriculture. The institutional framework within which these strategies were conceived of and implemented though have contributed to improvement in agricultural productivity have led to larger consequences. Productivity based on green revolution strategy has reached a plateau and substantial yield gaps still persist. The emergence of gene revolution and ushering in of the new institutional framework guided by the Intellectual Property Rights regime have further contributed to the conflicting debates on appropriate technologies in agriculture in India. The paper focuses on the potential of non–controversial, genomics–based marker–assisted selection (MAS) technology for addressing biotic and abiotic stresses, and yield enhancement in agriculture. MAS is a non–proprietary technology, having seldom conflicting interests about ownership and control. It has the potential to promote more inclusive and user–centred innovations in agriculture in all the regions including rain–fed areas.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Age of Entanglement: German and Indian Intellectuals across Empire.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Manjapra, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, January 2014.\n Google-Books-ID: t8YXAgAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{manjapra_age_2014,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, MA},\n\ttitle = {Age of {Entanglement}: {German} and {Indian} {Intellectuals} across {Empire}},\n\tisbn = {9780674726314},\n\tabstract = {Age of Entanglement explores the patterns of connection linking German and Indian intellectuals from the nineteenth century to the years after the Second World War. Kris Manjapra traces the intersecting ideas and careers of philologists, physicists, poets, economists, and others who shared ideas, formed networks, and studied one another's worlds. Moving beyond well-rehearsed critiques of colonialism, this study recasts modern intellectual history in terms of the knotted intellectual itineraries of seeming strangers. Collaborations in the sciences, arts, and humanities produced extraordinary meetings of German and Indian minds. Meghnad Saha met Albert Einstein, Stella Kramrisch brought the Bauhaus to Calcutta, and Girindrasekhar Bose began a correspondence with Sigmund Freud. Rabindranath Tagore traveled to Germany to recruit scholars for a new university, and Himanshu Rai worked with Franz Osten to establish movie studios in Bombay. These interactions, Manjapra argues, evinced shared responses to the hegemony of the British empire. Germans and Indians hoped to find in one another the tools needed to disrupt an Anglocentric world order. As Manjapra demonstrates, transnational encounters are not inherently progressive. From Orientalism to Aryanism to scientism, German-Indian entanglements were neither necessarily liberal nor conventionally cosmopolitan, often characterized as much by manipulation as by genuine cooperation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Harvard University Press},\n\tauthor = {Manjapra, Kris},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: t8YXAgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Bose, Girindrasekhar, Colonial India, Colonialism, Cosmopolitanism, Einstein, Albert, Freud, Sigmund, Germany, Intellectual History, Orientalism, Osten, Frantz, Rai, Himanshu, Saha, MN, Tagore, Rabindranath},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Age of Entanglement explores the patterns of connection linking German and Indian intellectuals from the nineteenth century to the years after the Second World War. Kris Manjapra traces the intersecting ideas and careers of philologists, physicists, poets, economists, and others who shared ideas, formed networks, and studied one another's worlds. Moving beyond well-rehearsed critiques of colonialism, this study recasts modern intellectual history in terms of the knotted intellectual itineraries of seeming strangers. Collaborations in the sciences, arts, and humanities produced extraordinary meetings of German and Indian minds. Meghnad Saha met Albert Einstein, Stella Kramrisch brought the Bauhaus to Calcutta, and Girindrasekhar Bose began a correspondence with Sigmund Freud. Rabindranath Tagore traveled to Germany to recruit scholars for a new university, and Himanshu Rai worked with Franz Osten to establish movie studios in Bombay. These interactions, Manjapra argues, evinced shared responses to the hegemony of the British empire. Germans and Indians hoped to find in one another the tools needed to disrupt an Anglocentric world order. As Manjapra demonstrates, transnational encounters are not inherently progressive. From Orientalism to Aryanism to scientism, German-Indian entanglements were neither necessarily liberal nor conventionally cosmopolitan, often characterized as much by manipulation as by genuine cooperation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Editorial (Special Issue on Science Fiction (SF) and Speculative Fiction in South Asia).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sawhney, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in South Asian Film & Media, 6(2): 87–90. December 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{sawhney_editorial_2014,\n\ttitle = {Editorial ({Special} {Issue} on {Science} {Fiction} ({SF}) and {Speculative} {Fiction} in {South} {Asia})},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {1756-4921, 1756-493X},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/safm.6.2.87_2},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/safm.6.2.87_2},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Studies in South Asian Film \\& Media},\n\tauthor = {Sawhney, Rashmi},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {87--90},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Imperial Technoscience: Transnational histories of MRI in the United States, Britain, and India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n MIT press, Cambridge and London, 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{prasad_imperial_2014,\n\taddress = {Cambridge and London},\n\ttitle = {Imperial {Technoscience}: {Transnational} histories of {MRI} in the {United} {States}, {Britain}, and {India}},\n\tshorttitle = {Imperial technoscience},\n\turl = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=snEbAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=info:tulq9G1rhUEJ:scholar.google.com&ots=NBocnM0EnD&sig=pwNdd0YN7DyW9QVI23XFAWwBvMU},\n\tabstract = {A study of science and technology practices that shows how even emergent aspects of research and development remain entangled with established hierarchies.\n\nIn the last four decades, during which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a cutting-edge medical technology and a cultural icon, technoscientific imaginaries and practices have undergone a profound change across the globe. Shifting transnational geography of tecchnoscientific innovations is making commonly deployed Euro/West-centric divides such as west versus non-west or “innovating north” versus “non-innovating south” increasingly untenable—the world is indeed becoming flatter. Nevertheless, such dualist divides, which are intimately tied to other dualist categories that have been used to describe scientific knowledge and practice, continue to undergird analyses and imaginaries of transnational technoscience. Imperial Technoscience puts into broad relief the ambivalent and contradictory folding of Euro/west-centrism with emergent features of technoscience. It argues, Euro/West-centric historicism, and resulting over-determinations, not only hide the vibrant, albeit hierarchical, transnational histories of technoscience, but also tell us little about shifting geography of technoscientific innovations. The book utilizes a deconstructive-empirical approach to explore “entangled” histories of MRI across disciplines (physics, chemistry, medicine, etc.), institutions (university, hospitals, industry, etc.), and nations (United States, Britain, and India). Entangled histories of MRI, it shows, better explain emergence and consolidation of particular technoscientific trajectories and shifts in transnational geography of science and technology (e.g. centers and peripheries).},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tpublisher = {MIT press},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Amit},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {India, MRI, Medical Technology, Sociology of Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A study of science and technology practices that shows how even emergent aspects of research and development remain entangled with established hierarchies. In the last four decades, during which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a cutting-edge medical technology and a cultural icon, technoscientific imaginaries and practices have undergone a profound change across the globe. Shifting transnational geography of tecchnoscientific innovations is making commonly deployed Euro/West-centric divides such as west versus non-west or “innovating north” versus “non-innovating south” increasingly untenable—the world is indeed becoming flatter. Nevertheless, such dualist divides, which are intimately tied to other dualist categories that have been used to describe scientific knowledge and practice, continue to undergird analyses and imaginaries of transnational technoscience. Imperial Technoscience puts into broad relief the ambivalent and contradictory folding of Euro/west-centrism with emergent features of technoscience. It argues, Euro/West-centric historicism, and resulting over-determinations, not only hide the vibrant, albeit hierarchical, transnational histories of technoscience, but also tell us little about shifting geography of technoscientific innovations. The book utilizes a deconstructive-empirical approach to explore “entangled” histories of MRI across disciplines (physics, chemistry, medicine, etc.), institutions (university, hospitals, industry, etc.), and nations (United States, Britain, and India). Entangled histories of MRI, it shows, better explain emergence and consolidation of particular technoscientific trajectories and shifts in transnational geography of science and technology (e.g. centers and peripheries).\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biotechnology Regulation and GMOs.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thayyil, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham & Northampton, MA, March 2014.\n Google-Books-ID: LOwyAwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{thayyil_biotechnology_2014,\n\taddress = {Cheltenham \\& Northampton, MA},\n\ttitle = {Biotechnology {Regulation} and {GMOs}},\n\tisbn = {9781783473885},\n\tabstract = {This book examines the EU regulatory framework in the Genetic Modification of agriculture and food to see how adequately EU law treats serious contestations about the development and use of GMOs. Since linkages between law, technology and public contestations could have a crucial dimension in the shaping of democratic societies, the space EU law provides for publics outside of the scientific experts to shape the regulation of GMOs becomes significant. By examining the employment of the precautionary principle and (the advices from) public bioethics committees in GMO regulation, this book examines the policy claim of public participation as a mechanism to represent and mediate public contestations about the use and regulation of GMOs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Thayyil, Naveen},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: LOwyAwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biotechnology, European Union, GMOs, Governance, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Regulatory Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book examines the EU regulatory framework in the Genetic Modification of agriculture and food to see how adequately EU law treats serious contestations about the development and use of GMOs. Since linkages between law, technology and public contestations could have a crucial dimension in the shaping of democratic societies, the space EU law provides for publics outside of the scientific experts to shape the regulation of GMOs becomes significant. By examining the employment of the precautionary principle and (the advices from) public bioethics committees in GMO regulation, this book examines the policy claim of public participation as a mechanism to represent and mediate public contestations about the use and regulation of GMOs.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cultural Imaginaries of Science: A Brief History of Indian Science-Fiction Cinema.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lakkad, A. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in South Asian Film & Media, 6(2): 105–120. December 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{lakkad_cultural_2014,\n\ttitle = {Cultural {Imaginaries} of {Science}: {A} {Brief} {History} of {Indian} {Science}-{Fiction} {Cinema}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {1756-4921, 1756-493X},\n\tshorttitle = {Cultural imaginaries of science},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/safm.6.2.105_1},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/safm.6.2.105_1},\n\tabstract = {Abstract \n This article aims to trace a history of Indian science-fiction (SF) cinema linking it with the scientific and technological milieu of the post-independence nation state. The tropes and themes that operate in Indian SF cinema across various regional film industries are juxtaposed against the sociocultural and political backdrop of the nation as well as against the historical trajectory of Indian science and technology (S\\&T) that manifested under the patronage of the nation state at the time of the films’ release. The article foregrounds the underlying issues and anxieties that inform SF tropes and themes in Indian cinema and grant uniqueness and legitimacy to Indian SF films. Thereby, the article hopes to establish that Indian SF cinema is not just a derivative of western genres of SF, but works by its own logic.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Studies in South Asian Film \\& Media},\n\tauthor = {Lakkad, Abhishek Vikas},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Cinema, India, Science Fiction},\n\tpages = {105--120},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract This article aims to trace a history of Indian science-fiction (SF) cinema linking it with the scientific and technological milieu of the post-independence nation state. The tropes and themes that operate in Indian SF cinema across various regional film industries are juxtaposed against the sociocultural and political backdrop of the nation as well as against the historical trajectory of Indian science and technology (S&T) that manifested under the patronage of the nation state at the time of the films’ release. The article foregrounds the underlying issues and anxieties that inform SF tropes and themes in Indian cinema and grant uniqueness and legitimacy to Indian SF films. Thereby, the article hopes to establish that Indian SF cinema is not just a derivative of western genres of SF, but works by its own logic.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Film Star’s Sixth Digit and Other Possibilities: Six Short Notes and Scenarios for Science Fiction Films Along the Tropic of Cancer.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sengupta, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in South Asian Film & Media, 6(2): 213–217. December 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sengupta_film_2014,\n\ttitle = {The {Film} {Star}’s {Sixth} {Digit} and {Other} {Possibilities}: {Six} {Short} {Notes} and {Scenarios} for {Science} {Fiction} {Films} {Along} the {Tropic} of {Cancer}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {1756-4921, 1756-493X},\n\tshorttitle = {The film star’s sixth digit and other possibilities},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/safm.6.2.213_1},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/safm.6.2.213_1},\n\tabstract = {Abstract},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Studies in South Asian Film \\& Media},\n\tauthor = {Sengupta, Shuddhabrata},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Cultural Studies of S\\&T},\n\tpages = {213--217},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fantasy to Media-Induced Hallucination: The Journey (or the lack thereof) of Science Fiction in Bengali Cinema.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukherjee, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in South Asian Film & Media, 6(2): 165–184. December 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukherjee_fantasy_2014,\n\ttitle = {Fantasy to {Media}-{Induced} {Hallucination}: {The} {Journey} (or the lack thereof) of {Science} {Fiction} in {Bengali} {Cinema}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {1756-4921, 1756-493X},\n\tshorttitle = {Fantasy to media-induced hallucination},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/safm.6.2.165_1},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/safm.6.2.165_1},\n\tabstract = {Abstract \n The article delves into the recesses of an almost non-existent genre in Bengali cinema; that of the modern science fiction (SF). It proposes that the SF imagination in Bengali cinema is driven by the mode of fantasy and is an example of an alternative modernity which celebrates the technological aspirations of the community along with the indigenous cultural elements of Bengal. The template of fantasy also changes over time from magic to media-induced hallucinations to trace the contemporary techno-media culture, addressing the desires of a media savvy and image-addicted society.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Studies in South Asian Film \\& Media},\n\tauthor = {Mukherjee, Silpa},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {165--184},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract The article delves into the recesses of an almost non-existent genre in Bengali cinema; that of the modern science fiction (SF). It proposes that the SF imagination in Bengali cinema is driven by the mode of fantasy and is an example of an alternative modernity which celebrates the technological aspirations of the community along with the indigenous cultural elements of Bengal. The template of fantasy also changes over time from magic to media-induced hallucinations to trace the contemporary techno-media culture, addressing the desires of a media savvy and image-addicted society.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Speculative Urbanism and Concrete Fictions: The Future as a Resource.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Srivastava, R.; and Echanove, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in South Asian Film & Media, 6(2): 185–203. December 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{srivastava_speculative_2014,\n\ttitle = {Speculative {Urbanism} and {Concrete} {Fictions}: {The} {Future} as a {Resource}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {1756-4921, 1756-493X},\n\tshorttitle = {Speculative urbanism and concrete fictions},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/safm.6.2.185_1},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/safm.6.2.185_1},\n\tabstract = {Abstract \n Urban practice has become increasingly speculative about the future. If there is a world where utopias are literally a commodity, bought and sold as little pieces of dreams, it is here. Full of futuristic and visionary images about the way the world and its buildings should look, buildings, neighbourhoods and entire regions seem afloat in space, free from the constraints of the lived world. They do seem to have a clear source, however, derived largely from fictional scenarios of the future of humanity. While apocalypse, paradise, utopia and dystopia are the moral anchors for several speculative fables, the city is evoked as double-edged – at once the pinnacle and tipping point of human choices. This article demonstrates how speculative fiction limits the idea of the urban future and with it restricts choices we make in the present. If fiction is another mode of activist expression, it is being sculpted and shaped in concrete and glass as well.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Studies in South Asian Film \\& Media},\n\tauthor = {Srivastava, Rahul and Echanove, Matias},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {185--203},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract Urban practice has become increasingly speculative about the future. If there is a world where utopias are literally a commodity, bought and sold as little pieces of dreams, it is here. Full of futuristic and visionary images about the way the world and its buildings should look, buildings, neighbourhoods and entire regions seem afloat in space, free from the constraints of the lived world. They do seem to have a clear source, however, derived largely from fictional scenarios of the future of humanity. While apocalypse, paradise, utopia and dystopia are the moral anchors for several speculative fables, the city is evoked as double-edged – at once the pinnacle and tipping point of human choices. This article demonstrates how speculative fiction limits the idea of the urban future and with it restricts choices we make in the present. If fiction is another mode of activist expression, it is being sculpted and shaped in concrete and glass as well.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Archeology of an Experiment: The Science-Fiction Cinema of Pramod Pati.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in South Asian Film & Media, 6(2): 147–164. December 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharma_archeology_2014,\n\ttitle = {Archeology of an {Experiment}: {The} {Science}-{Fiction} {Cinema} of {Pramod} {Pati}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {1756-4921, 1756-493X},\n\tshorttitle = {Archeology of an experiment},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/safm.6.2.147_1},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/safm.6.2.147_1},\n\tabstract = {Abstract \n The Films Division (FD) of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting went through a spurt of experimentation in the 1960s and 1970s that yielded a small but historically significant corpus of films with a unique vision. Pramod Pati was one of the most distinctive voices to have emerged among FD film-makers in this period. While his short films have traditionally been categorized as ‘experimental’ and ‘avant-garde’, in this article I argue that they are also examples of proto science-fiction cinema and provide a flickering glimpse of a newly budding outer space imaginary in 1960s India. In making a case for Pati’s films to be regarded as proto sci-fi, this article analyses three short films, Explorer (1968a), Claxplosion (1968b) and Trip (1970) with respect to their formal features, imagery and sound. Through the use of nonlinearity, special effects and electronic sound, the films both challenge and affirm the ambitions of a postcolonial nation caught between its past and future. This article suggests that these films are representative of a peculiar moment in the history of Indian experimental cinema when the deployment of science-fictional tropes signalled a transforming mediascape being mobilized by the state into constructing ‘modern’ publics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Studies in South Asian Film \\& Media},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Kamayani},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {147--164},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract The Films Division (FD) of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting went through a spurt of experimentation in the 1960s and 1970s that yielded a small but historically significant corpus of films with a unique vision. Pramod Pati was one of the most distinctive voices to have emerged among FD film-makers in this period. While his short films have traditionally been categorized as ‘experimental’ and ‘avant-garde’, in this article I argue that they are also examples of proto science-fiction cinema and provide a flickering glimpse of a newly budding outer space imaginary in 1960s India. In making a case for Pati’s films to be regarded as proto sci-fi, this article analyses three short films, Explorer (1968a), Claxplosion (1968b) and Trip (1970) with respect to their formal features, imagery and sound. Through the use of nonlinearity, special effects and electronic sound, the films both challenge and affirm the ambitions of a postcolonial nation caught between its past and future. This article suggests that these films are representative of a peculiar moment in the history of Indian experimental cinema when the deployment of science-fictional tropes signalled a transforming mediascape being mobilized by the state into constructing ‘modern’ publics.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reason, Science and Religion—Gleanings from the Colonial Past.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in People's History, 1(2): 181–197. December 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_reason_2014,\n\ttitle = {Reason, {Science} and {Religion}—{Gleanings} from the {Colonial} {Past}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {2348-4489, 2349-7718},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2348448914549899},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/2348448914549899},\n\tabstract = {Modern science arrived from the West in tandem with colonialism. The article examines the complex ways in which the challenge it posed to the traditional modes of thought was met. It provoked both revivalist claims of achievements of the past and efforts to synthesise science with religion.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Studies in People's History},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Intellectual History, Modernity, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science, Tradition},\n\tpages = {181--197},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Modern science arrived from the West in tandem with colonialism. The article examines the complex ways in which the challenge it posed to the traditional modes of thought was met. It provoked both revivalist claims of achievements of the past and efforts to synthesise science with religion.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Changing Social Relations between Science and Society: Contemporary Challenges.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishna, V. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 19(2): 133–159. July 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{krishna_changing_2014,\n\ttitle = {Changing {Social} {Relations} between {Science} and {Society}: {Contemporary} {Challenges}},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Changing {Social} {Relations} between {Science} and {Society}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721814529876},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0971721814529876},\n\tabstract = {Social history of modern science, particularly the way it acquired social legitimacy, clearly depicts the science and society relationships emerging from the time of Galileo. The social institution of science has evolved as one of the most powerful, highly influential and sought out institutions. Knowledge as public good; peer review of science; prominence attached to open publications; and premium placed on professional recognition and scientific autonomy remained the hall mark of science for the last three centuries. Based on this ethos of science, the social institution of science evolved a unique social contract between science and society in the last six decades. As we enter the second decade of twenty-first century, the social institution of science is undergoing a major change. Three societal forces are responsible for the change: (i) globalisation; (ii) industrial and post-industrial society; and (iii) climate change. What is at stake? Is there a significant change? Is it transforming the very social institution of science? And what implications this has for our contemporary and future society? These are some of the important issues, which will be addressed in this article.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Krishna, Venni V.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {India, Science Policy, Science and State, Social Contract of Science, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {133--159},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Social history of modern science, particularly the way it acquired social legitimacy, clearly depicts the science and society relationships emerging from the time of Galileo. The social institution of science has evolved as one of the most powerful, highly influential and sought out institutions. Knowledge as public good; peer review of science; prominence attached to open publications; and premium placed on professional recognition and scientific autonomy remained the hall mark of science for the last three centuries. Based on this ethos of science, the social institution of science evolved a unique social contract between science and society in the last six decades. As we enter the second decade of twenty-first century, the social institution of science is undergoing a major change. Three societal forces are responsible for the change: (i) globalisation; (ii) industrial and post-industrial society; and (iii) climate change. What is at stake? Is there a significant change? Is it transforming the very social institution of science? And what implications this has for our contemporary and future society? These are some of the important issues, which will be addressed in this article.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indian Experiences with Science: Considerations for History, Philosophy, and Science Education.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Matthews, M. R., editor(s), International Handbook of Research in History, Philosophy and Science Teaching, pages 1691–1719. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{sarukkai_indian_2014,\n\taddress = {Dordrecht},\n\ttitle = {Indian {Experiences} with {Science}: {Considerations} for {History}, {Philosophy}, and {Science} {Education}},\n\tisbn = {9789400776548},\n\tshorttitle = {Indian {Experiences} with {Science}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7654-8_53},\n\tabstract = {This chapter explores how perspectives on science drawn from Indian experiences can contribute to the interface between history and philosophy of science (HPS) and science education (SE). HPS is encoded in science texts in the various presuppositions that underlie both the content and the way the content is presented. Thus, a deeper engagement with contemporary work in HPS will be of great significance to science teaching. By drawing on the notion of multicultural origins of science as well as redefining the nature of science debate by invoking the Indian engagement with science, this chapter aims to make both HPS and SE more sensitive to other cultural understandings of science and scientific method. The last two sections describe ways of drawing on the Indian philosophical traditions that could be relevant for contemporary debates, such as constructivism and teaching critical thinking, in science education.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-07},\n\tbooktitle = {International {Handbook} of {Research} in {History}, {Philosophy} and {Science} {Teaching}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Netherlands},\n\tauthor = {Sarukkai, Sundar},\n\teditor = {Matthews, Michael R.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-94-007-7654-8_53},\n\tkeywords = {History and Philosophy of Science, India, Science Education},\n\tpages = {1691--1719},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This chapter explores how perspectives on science drawn from Indian experiences can contribute to the interface between history and philosophy of science (HPS) and science education (SE). HPS is encoded in science texts in the various presuppositions that underlie both the content and the way the content is presented. Thus, a deeper engagement with contemporary work in HPS will be of great significance to science teaching. By drawing on the notion of multicultural origins of science as well as redefining the nature of science debate by invoking the Indian engagement with science, this chapter aims to make both HPS and SE more sensitive to other cultural understandings of science and scientific method. The last two sections describe ways of drawing on the Indian philosophical traditions that could be relevant for contemporary debates, such as constructivism and teaching critical thinking, in science education.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Public Life of Expertise.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Seminar, 654: 21–26. February 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{varughese_public_2014,\n\tseries = {Special issue on {State} of {Science}: {A} {Symposium} on the {Relationship} between {Science}, {Knowledge} and {Democracy}},\n\ttitle = {The {Public} {Life} of {Expertise}},\n\tvolume = {654},\n\tissn = {097-1-674-2},\n\tshorttitle = {Seminar},\n\turl = {https://www.india-seminar.com/2014/654/654_shiju_sam_varughese.htm},\n\tabstract = {AGAINST the conventional understanding of scientific expertise as vested with the scientific community, the mode 2 knowledge production debate in the Science, Technology and Society (STS) Studies argues that scientific expertise has become (is becoming) more socially distributed. The scholars who support this view suggest the emergence of several other locations of expertise in late modernity where the individual has more stakes in decision making as vindication of the social distribution of expertise.1 This manifests as increased public deliberation and citizen participation in decision making related to public issues and controversies where science and technology are involved. According to Hagendijk, this arises from the claim of the individual on the regulation of the social world which is prone to the risks created by techno-science where s/he feels that the experts cannot be blindly relied upon.2 The regulation of the social world demands more responsibility from the citizens and hence the need to gather information from and consultation of diverse sources of expertise.\n\nThe notion of expertise, according to many scholars, thus gets extended beyond the realm of science. Most public controversies and policy issues today solicit a wide spectrum of expert opinion due to the complexity of the issues involved as well as science’s inability to account for the technical, socio-economic and cultural consequences of the problems at hand. Therefore, the proponents of mode 2 knowledge production argue that the networking of these different sites of expertise is essential for contemporary liberal democracies to enhance a more socially robust process of knowledge production. The new mode of knowledge production entails multi-faceted debate, but the crisis for the stakeholders in the debate and the governments is how this copious sum of contradictory opinions and technical arguments has to be processed to reach a wider democratic consensus leading to better, inclusive policy options.},\n\turldate = {2025-04-19},\n\tjournal = {Seminar},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Bt Brinjal, Expertise, GMOs, India, Kudankulam, New Social Movements, Public Consultation (Jan sunvai), Public Engagement with S\\&T, Public Understanding of Science, Public controversy over S\\&T, Public sphere, Publics, Science and State},\n\tpages = {21--26},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n AGAINST the conventional understanding of scientific expertise as vested with the scientific community, the mode 2 knowledge production debate in the Science, Technology and Society (STS) Studies argues that scientific expertise has become (is becoming) more socially distributed. The scholars who support this view suggest the emergence of several other locations of expertise in late modernity where the individual has more stakes in decision making as vindication of the social distribution of expertise.1 This manifests as increased public deliberation and citizen participation in decision making related to public issues and controversies where science and technology are involved. According to Hagendijk, this arises from the claim of the individual on the regulation of the social world which is prone to the risks created by techno-science where s/he feels that the experts cannot be blindly relied upon.2 The regulation of the social world demands more responsibility from the citizens and hence the need to gather information from and consultation of diverse sources of expertise. The notion of expertise, according to many scholars, thus gets extended beyond the realm of science. Most public controversies and policy issues today solicit a wide spectrum of expert opinion due to the complexity of the issues involved as well as science’s inability to account for the technical, socio-economic and cultural consequences of the problems at hand. Therefore, the proponents of mode 2 knowledge production argue that the networking of these different sites of expertise is essential for contemporary liberal democracies to enhance a more socially robust process of knowledge production. The new mode of knowledge production entails multi-faceted debate, but the crisis for the stakeholders in the debate and the governments is how this copious sum of contradictory opinions and technical arguments has to be processed to reach a wider democratic consensus leading to better, inclusive policy options.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cultures of Milk: The Biology and Meaning of Dairy Products in the United States and India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wiley, A. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, September 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{wiley_cultures_2014,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, MA},\n\ttitle = {Cultures of {Milk}: {The} {Biology} and {Meaning} of {Dairy} {Products} in the {United} {States} and {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780674729056},\n\turl = {https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674729056},\n\tabstract = {Milk is the only food mammals produce naturally to feed their offspring. The human species is the only one that takes milk from other animals and consumes it beyond weaning age. Cultures of Milk contrasts the practices of the world’s two leading milk producers, India and the United States. In both countries, milk is considered to have special qualities. Drawing on ethnographic and scientific studies, popular media, and government reports, Andrea Wiley reveals that the cultural significance of milk goes well beyond its nutritive value.\n\nShifting socioeconomic and political factors influence how people perceive the importance of milk and how much they consume. In India, where milk is out of reach for many, consumption is rising rapidly among the urban middle class. But milk drinking is declining in America, despite the strength of the dairy industry. Milk is bound up in discussions of food scarcity in India and food abundance in the United States. Promotion of milk as a means to enhance child growth boosted consumption in twentieth-century America and is currently doing the same in India, where average height is low. Wiley considers how variation among populations in the ability to digest lactose and ideas about how milk affects digestion influence the type of milk and milk products consumed. In India, most milk comes from buffalo, but cows have sacred status for Hindus. In the United States, cow’s milk has long been a privileged food, but is now facing competition from plant-based milk.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Harvard University Press},\n\tauthor = {Wiley, Andrea S.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Consumption, Food, India, Industrialisation, Science \\& Culture},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Milk is the only food mammals produce naturally to feed their offspring. The human species is the only one that takes milk from other animals and consumes it beyond weaning age. Cultures of Milk contrasts the practices of the world’s two leading milk producers, India and the United States. In both countries, milk is considered to have special qualities. Drawing on ethnographic and scientific studies, popular media, and government reports, Andrea Wiley reveals that the cultural significance of milk goes well beyond its nutritive value. Shifting socioeconomic and political factors influence how people perceive the importance of milk and how much they consume. In India, where milk is out of reach for many, consumption is rising rapidly among the urban middle class. But milk drinking is declining in America, despite the strength of the dairy industry. Milk is bound up in discussions of food scarcity in India and food abundance in the United States. Promotion of milk as a means to enhance child growth boosted consumption in twentieth-century America and is currently doing the same in India, where average height is low. Wiley considers how variation among populations in the ability to digest lactose and ideas about how milk affects digestion influence the type of milk and milk products consumed. In India, most milk comes from buffalo, but cows have sacred status for Hindus. In the United States, cow’s milk has long been a privileged food, but is now facing competition from plant-based milk.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Asymmetrical Conversations: Contestations, Circumventions, and the Blurring of Therapeutic Boundaries.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Naraindas, H.; Quack, J.; and Sax, W. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Berghahn Books, May 2014.\n Google-Books-ID: rnAXAwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{naraindas_asymmetrical_2014,\n\ttitle = {Asymmetrical {Conversations}: {Contestations}, {Circumventions}, and the {Blurring} of {Therapeutic} {Boundaries}},\n\tisbn = {9781782383093},\n\tshorttitle = {Asymmetrical {Conversations}},\n\tabstract = {Ideas about health are reinforced by institutions and their corresponding practices, such as donning a patient's gown in a hospital or prostrating before a healing shrine. Even though we are socialized into regarding such ideologies as "natural" and unproblematic, we sometimes seek to bypass, circumvent, or even transcend the dominant ideologies of our cultures as they are manifested in the institutions of health care. The contributors to this volume describe such contestations and circumventions of health ideologies, and the blurring of therapeutic boundaries, on the basis of case studies from India, the South Asian Diaspora, and Europe, focusing on relations between body, mind, and spirit in a variety of situations. The result is not always the "live and let live" medical pluralism that is described in the literature.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Berghahn Books},\n\tauthor = {Naraindas, Harish and Quack, Johannes and Sax, William S.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: rnAXAwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, India, Sociology of Health, Sociology of Medicine, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Ideas about health are reinforced by institutions and their corresponding practices, such as donning a patient's gown in a hospital or prostrating before a healing shrine. Even though we are socialized into regarding such ideologies as \"natural\" and unproblematic, we sometimes seek to bypass, circumvent, or even transcend the dominant ideologies of our cultures as they are manifested in the institutions of health care. The contributors to this volume describe such contestations and circumventions of health ideologies, and the blurring of therapeutic boundaries, on the basis of case studies from India, the South Asian Diaspora, and Europe, focusing on relations between body, mind, and spirit in a variety of situations. The result is not always the \"live and let live\" medical pluralism that is described in the literature.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sociology of Health and Medicine: New Perspectives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sujatha, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, 2014.\n Google-Books-ID: fjvSoQEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{sujatha_sociology_2014,\n\ttitle = {Sociology of {Health} and {Medicine}: {New} {Perspectives}},\n\tisbn = {9780199082995},\n\tshorttitle = {Sociology of {Health} and {Medicine}},\n\tabstract = {Health and medicine rarely constitute object of enquiry in the social science literature in India. Given the fact that experience of disease and its detection are deeply embedded in social settings, foundational questions on the meaning and experience of health and on the role of medicine have to be raised. Drawing upon published social science research in the field, this book discusses many of these questions. It also brings medical pluralism into the heart of social theory of health and medicine.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Sujatha, V.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: fjvSoQEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Sociology of Health, Sociology of Medicine, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Health and medicine rarely constitute object of enquiry in the social science literature in India. Given the fact that experience of disease and its detection are deeply embedded in social settings, foundational questions on the meaning and experience of health and on the role of medicine have to be raised. Drawing upon published social science research in the field, this book discusses many of these questions. It also brings medical pluralism into the heart of social theory of health and medicine.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Decolonising the University: The Emerging Quest for Non-Eurocentric Paradigms (Penerbit USM).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alvares, C.; and Faruqi, S. S.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 2014.\n Google-Books-ID: MVk9BAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{alvares_decolonising_2014,\n\taddress = {Pulau Pinang},\n\ttitle = {Decolonising the {University}: {The} {Emerging} {Quest} for {Non}-{Eurocentric} {Paradigms} ({Penerbit} {USM})},\n\tisbn = {9789838617536},\n\tshorttitle = {Decolonising the {University}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Decolonising_the_University_The_Emerging/MVk9BAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Decolonising+the+University&printsec=frontcover},\n\tabstract = {This book of essays is a sequel to the ‘International Conference on Decolonising Our Universities’ held in Penang, Malaysia from June 27 to 29, 2011. The Conference was jointly organised by the Universiti Sains Malaysia and Citizens International in cooperation with the Higher Education Leadership Academy of the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education. At the Conference, speaker after speaker pointed out that education in Asia and Africa is too Westcentric. It blindly apes European universities, European curricula and European paradigms. The papers in this volume examine possible ways of overcoming this problem of intellectual enslavement in Asian and African citadels of learning.It must be pointed out at the very outset that this book is not meant to be a tirade against the West. Its aim is not to ask Asian and African universities to shut out Europe and North America or to be insular or to wear blinds. Its aim is positive – to make Asian and African tertiary education truly global and at the same time socially relevant. This cannot be done unless the intellectual monopoly of the West is broken and European knowledge is made to make way for the review, teaching and expansion of the vast knowledge of other societies and cultures. European knowledge may supplement, but never replace, other valid knowledge systems and traditions.The book is divided into eight parts. Part I creates the setting, provides an overview of the state of our universities, reflects on decolonisation of our intellectual heritage and explains how colonial education was used to assault our cultures. Part II contains a wish-list of the decolonised university. There are essays on the philosophical basis of an African university and about how the sacred and the secular can be integrated and how the community can be brought back into the university. Part III critically examines the promise and performance of UNESCO in decolonisation of Asian and African institutions of higher learning. Part IV discusses eurocentrism in social sciences, in mathematics and in science curricula. Part V highlights the state of social sciences and the law today and provides an alternative discourse in social theory, history, psychotherapy, psychology, law and language education. Part VI discusses regional decolonising initiatives in the Philippines, Taiwan, Turkey and Iran. Part VII provides insights into some experiments in transforming academic pedagogy. Finally, Part VIII contains some personal journeys in decolonisation of the self. This book of essays is meant to coincide with Malaysia’s Independence Day on August 31, 1957. The hope is that the timing will underline the point that the stains of cultural and intellectual imperialism do not end with the attainment of political freedom. Freedom is a state of the mind and, regrettably, throughout Asia and Africa, the enslavement of the mind has continued long after the coloniser has gone back home.This humiliating state of affairs must end, not only to give meaning to political independence but also to improve the quality of our education by giving to our students a better panorama of world knowledge and thereby to increase their choices. Decolonisation of our universities is not an exercise in flag-waving nationalism. Its aim is ameliorative. Diversity and pluralism of knowledge systems are vital for meeting many of the moral, social and economic challenges of the times and for avoiding the frightening economic, educational and cultural consequences of Europe’s near-total intellectual and educational monopoly over Asia, Africa and Latin America. For example, Western models of development have proved to be a nightmare and have not served Asia and Africa well. Economic theories from the West have brought the whole world to the brink of an environmental catastrophe. Asian universities should offer a critique of the ethnocentrism of Western scholarship by pointing out that a middle class Western lifestyle and what that entails in terms of the nuclear family, the consumer society, living in suburbia and extensive private space may neither be workable nor desirable on a fragile planet. The humiliating story of intellectual enslavement in each field and in each region is best told in the words of the authors. What must be noted is the ways in which this subservience manifests itself. Our university courses reflect the false belief that Western knowledge is the sum total of all human knowledge. The books prescribed and the icons and godfathers of knowledge are overwhelmingly from the North Atlantic countries. Titles written by scholars and thinkers from Asia and Africa are rarely included in the book list. This may indicate a pervasive inferiority complex or ignorance of the contribution of the East to world civilisation. Any evaluation of right and wrong, of justice and fairness, of poverty and development, and of what is wholesome and worthy of celebration tends to be based on Western perceptions. Eastern ideas and institutions are viewed through Western prisms and invariably regarded as primitive and in need of change. Despite decades of political independence, the framework assumptions of our law, politics, economics, education, history, science, art and culture remain dictated by our former colonial masters. Our concept of the good life and our views on human rights have very tenuous links to our indigenous traditions. Our cultural values, domestic relations, music, food and dressing – indeed our whole Weltanschauung is constructed on a Western edifice of knowledge. Our concept of beauty has been socially constructed by Hollywood media. In our professions, most of the icons we look up to are Western. In our universities, the syllabi we draft, the books we prescribe, the theories we blindly ape, the new abodes of the sacred we worship have very little connection with our own intellectual and moral heritage. It is fashionable in Asian universities to import expatriate lecturers, external examiners and guest speakers exclusively from North Atlantic countries. Asian scholars are generally not regarded as fit for such recognition. The underlying assumption is that Asians and Africans matter little and in all aspects of existence we need civilisational guidance from the overlords of humankind in Europe and America.How did we fall into such depths of enslavement and reverse racism? An essay in the volume points out that the colonisers conquered our mind by dismissing and deriding our cultures, alienating us from our roots and putting us in awe of the culture of the masters. They used the colonial education system for the production of a competent but submissive class. They replaced local languages with the English language extinguishing along with local languages, the cultural and moral nuances and perspectives that surround a language. The colonisers falsified and obliterated historical records of intellectual achievements by Asian and African scholars and inventors. They borrowed extensively from the East but shamelessly failed to acknowledge that debt. In many cases they Latinised Eastern names to make them sound European. The world does not know that during the European Dark Ages, scintillating educational developments were taking place in Asia and Africa. While Europe slept, China, India, Persia and Egypt practised science, invented algebra, furthered mathematics, metallurgy, law and logic. They conducted complex medical operations, invented rockets, wrote treatises in philosophy, sociology and astronomy. A more recent form of Western hegemony is the yearly university ranking lists. Western education, Western science and Western achievements are subjected to evaluation on criteria that are rigged in their favour. A host of Western consultants and experts unabashedly glorify American and European achievements and certify and celebrate the unique quality of their education system. A recent claim was made that American society symbolised ‘the end of history’ implying thereby that no further human progress was necessary anywhere else.The book’s ultimate aim is to discover what needs to be done to liberate our minds and our souls; to end this academic colonialism; to restore our dignity and independence. We must shed the slavish mentality of blindly aping Western paradigms. We must stop sucking up to the Western academic system. We need to send Columbus packing back home. Not only the Columbus outside but also the Columbus within.We need to rediscover the suppressed knowledge of our civilisations and to reconnect with our rich heritage. We must embark on a voyage of discovery of our ancestors’ intellectual wanderings and rediscover the wonders and heritage of China, India, Persia, Mesopotamia, Egypt and other Eastern and African civilisations.We must combat the many fabrications and plagiarisms of Western ‘innovators’ and we must give credit where credit is due to those in Asia and Africa who pioneered the ideas. It must be clarified that it is not part of our agenda to ask European and American universities to include the treasures of the East in their syllabi. Whether their world-views should be enriched by the insights and reflections of the East, or whether they should remain insular and wear blinds, is their own problem. Further, it is not our aim to shut out the West but to end blind and exclusive reliance on it. We need to root our education in our own soil; to tap our own intellectual resources first and to make our education relevant to our societal conditions. No amount of imported academics or theories can do this, only us.We are aware that our endeavour will be mocked by many in the West. We will also be opposed by many elites in the East who believe that ‘West is best’ and whose capitulation to Europe perpetuates Western intellectual hegemony. Such opposition to the basic thesis of this book will only serve to confirm the phenomenon of ‘legitimation and false consciousness’ whereby the oppressed are so brainwashed that they cooperate with their oppressors. ‘It is the final triumph of a system of domination when the dominated start singing its virtues.’ In preparing this volume, we received invaluable help from many individuals and institutions. Universiti Sains Malaysia and Citizens International provided the funds for publication. Ayesha Bilimoria helped with the editing of the bulk of the pieces. Jenessey Dias performed brisk transcription of the presentations from the DVDs. Shafeeq, Sameera and Noor Aini Masri gave secretarial assistance. Professor Dato’ Dr. Md Salleh Yaapar and his team from the USM Press did everything else with great courtesy, speed and professionalism. Citizens International’s S.M. Mohamed Idris and Uma Ramaswamy assisted with the printing. To all of them we owe a debt of gratitude.We hope that this book will highlight what is on any measure a shameful condition and that it will inspire at least some Asian educators to think afresh, to chart new directions, to search for the best in their indigenous traditions, yet to keep the windows of their mind open to the world.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia},\n\teditor = {Alvares, Claude and Faruqi, Shad Saleem},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: MVk9BAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Decolonization, Eurocentricism, Higher Education, Islamic science, University},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This book of essays is a sequel to the ‘International Conference on Decolonising Our Universities’ held in Penang, Malaysia from June 27 to 29, 2011. The Conference was jointly organised by the Universiti Sains Malaysia and Citizens International in cooperation with the Higher Education Leadership Academy of the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education. At the Conference, speaker after speaker pointed out that education in Asia and Africa is too Westcentric. It blindly apes European universities, European curricula and European paradigms. The papers in this volume examine possible ways of overcoming this problem of intellectual enslavement in Asian and African citadels of learning.It must be pointed out at the very outset that this book is not meant to be a tirade against the West. Its aim is not to ask Asian and African universities to shut out Europe and North America or to be insular or to wear blinds. Its aim is positive – to make Asian and African tertiary education truly global and at the same time socially relevant. This cannot be done unless the intellectual monopoly of the West is broken and European knowledge is made to make way for the review, teaching and expansion of the vast knowledge of other societies and cultures. European knowledge may supplement, but never replace, other valid knowledge systems and traditions.The book is divided into eight parts. Part I creates the setting, provides an overview of the state of our universities, reflects on decolonisation of our intellectual heritage and explains how colonial education was used to assault our cultures. Part II contains a wish-list of the decolonised university. There are essays on the philosophical basis of an African university and about how the sacred and the secular can be integrated and how the community can be brought back into the university. Part III critically examines the promise and performance of UNESCO in decolonisation of Asian and African institutions of higher learning. Part IV discusses eurocentrism in social sciences, in mathematics and in science curricula. Part V highlights the state of social sciences and the law today and provides an alternative discourse in social theory, history, psychotherapy, psychology, law and language education. Part VI discusses regional decolonising initiatives in the Philippines, Taiwan, Turkey and Iran. Part VII provides insights into some experiments in transforming academic pedagogy. Finally, Part VIII contains some personal journeys in decolonisation of the self. This book of essays is meant to coincide with Malaysia’s Independence Day on August 31, 1957. The hope is that the timing will underline the point that the stains of cultural and intellectual imperialism do not end with the attainment of political freedom. Freedom is a state of the mind and, regrettably, throughout Asia and Africa, the enslavement of the mind has continued long after the coloniser has gone back home.This humiliating state of affairs must end, not only to give meaning to political independence but also to improve the quality of our education by giving to our students a better panorama of world knowledge and thereby to increase their choices. Decolonisation of our universities is not an exercise in flag-waving nationalism. Its aim is ameliorative. Diversity and pluralism of knowledge systems are vital for meeting many of the moral, social and economic challenges of the times and for avoiding the frightening economic, educational and cultural consequences of Europe’s near-total intellectual and educational monopoly over Asia, Africa and Latin America. For example, Western models of development have proved to be a nightmare and have not served Asia and Africa well. Economic theories from the West have brought the whole world to the brink of an environmental catastrophe. Asian universities should offer a critique of the ethnocentrism of Western scholarship by pointing out that a middle class Western lifestyle and what that entails in terms of the nuclear family, the consumer society, living in suburbia and extensive private space may neither be workable nor desirable on a fragile planet. The humiliating story of intellectual enslavement in each field and in each region is best told in the words of the authors. What must be noted is the ways in which this subservience manifests itself. Our university courses reflect the false belief that Western knowledge is the sum total of all human knowledge. The books prescribed and the icons and godfathers of knowledge are overwhelmingly from the North Atlantic countries. Titles written by scholars and thinkers from Asia and Africa are rarely included in the book list. This may indicate a pervasive inferiority complex or ignorance of the contribution of the East to world civilisation. Any evaluation of right and wrong, of justice and fairness, of poverty and development, and of what is wholesome and worthy of celebration tends to be based on Western perceptions. Eastern ideas and institutions are viewed through Western prisms and invariably regarded as primitive and in need of change. Despite decades of political independence, the framework assumptions of our law, politics, economics, education, history, science, art and culture remain dictated by our former colonial masters. Our concept of the good life and our views on human rights have very tenuous links to our indigenous traditions. Our cultural values, domestic relations, music, food and dressing – indeed our whole Weltanschauung is constructed on a Western edifice of knowledge. Our concept of beauty has been socially constructed by Hollywood media. In our professions, most of the icons we look up to are Western. In our universities, the syllabi we draft, the books we prescribe, the theories we blindly ape, the new abodes of the sacred we worship have very little connection with our own intellectual and moral heritage. It is fashionable in Asian universities to import expatriate lecturers, external examiners and guest speakers exclusively from North Atlantic countries. Asian scholars are generally not regarded as fit for such recognition. The underlying assumption is that Asians and Africans matter little and in all aspects of existence we need civilisational guidance from the overlords of humankind in Europe and America.How did we fall into such depths of enslavement and reverse racism? An essay in the volume points out that the colonisers conquered our mind by dismissing and deriding our cultures, alienating us from our roots and putting us in awe of the culture of the masters. They used the colonial education system for the production of a competent but submissive class. They replaced local languages with the English language extinguishing along with local languages, the cultural and moral nuances and perspectives that surround a language. The colonisers falsified and obliterated historical records of intellectual achievements by Asian and African scholars and inventors. They borrowed extensively from the East but shamelessly failed to acknowledge that debt. In many cases they Latinised Eastern names to make them sound European. The world does not know that during the European Dark Ages, scintillating educational developments were taking place in Asia and Africa. While Europe slept, China, India, Persia and Egypt practised science, invented algebra, furthered mathematics, metallurgy, law and logic. They conducted complex medical operations, invented rockets, wrote treatises in philosophy, sociology and astronomy. A more recent form of Western hegemony is the yearly university ranking lists. Western education, Western science and Western achievements are subjected to evaluation on criteria that are rigged in their favour. A host of Western consultants and experts unabashedly glorify American and European achievements and certify and celebrate the unique quality of their education system. A recent claim was made that American society symbolised ‘the end of history’ implying thereby that no further human progress was necessary anywhere else.The book’s ultimate aim is to discover what needs to be done to liberate our minds and our souls; to end this academic colonialism; to restore our dignity and independence. We must shed the slavish mentality of blindly aping Western paradigms. We must stop sucking up to the Western academic system. We need to send Columbus packing back home. Not only the Columbus outside but also the Columbus within.We need to rediscover the suppressed knowledge of our civilisations and to reconnect with our rich heritage. We must embark on a voyage of discovery of our ancestors’ intellectual wanderings and rediscover the wonders and heritage of China, India, Persia, Mesopotamia, Egypt and other Eastern and African civilisations.We must combat the many fabrications and plagiarisms of Western ‘innovators’ and we must give credit where credit is due to those in Asia and Africa who pioneered the ideas. It must be clarified that it is not part of our agenda to ask European and American universities to include the treasures of the East in their syllabi. Whether their world-views should be enriched by the insights and reflections of the East, or whether they should remain insular and wear blinds, is their own problem. Further, it is not our aim to shut out the West but to end blind and exclusive reliance on it. We need to root our education in our own soil; to tap our own intellectual resources first and to make our education relevant to our societal conditions. No amount of imported academics or theories can do this, only us.We are aware that our endeavour will be mocked by many in the West. We will also be opposed by many elites in the East who believe that ‘West is best’ and whose capitulation to Europe perpetuates Western intellectual hegemony. Such opposition to the basic thesis of this book will only serve to confirm the phenomenon of ‘legitimation and false consciousness’ whereby the oppressed are so brainwashed that they cooperate with their oppressors. ‘It is the final triumph of a system of domination when the dominated start singing its virtues.’ In preparing this volume, we received invaluable help from many individuals and institutions. Universiti Sains Malaysia and Citizens International provided the funds for publication. Ayesha Bilimoria helped with the editing of the bulk of the pieces. Jenessey Dias performed brisk transcription of the presentations from the DVDs. Shafeeq, Sameera and Noor Aini Masri gave secretarial assistance. Professor Dato’ Dr. Md Salleh Yaapar and his team from the USM Press did everything else with great courtesy, speed and professionalism. Citizens International’s S.M. Mohamed Idris and Uma Ramaswamy assisted with the printing. To all of them we owe a debt of gratitude.We hope that this book will highlight what is on any measure a shameful condition and that it will inspire at least some Asian educators to think afresh, to chart new directions, to search for the best in their indigenous traditions, yet to keep the windows of their mind open to the world.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Generation and Management of Electronic Waste in the City of Pune, India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Borthakur, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 34(1-2): 43–52. February 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{borthakur_generation_2014,\n\ttitle = {Generation and {Management} of {Electronic} {Waste} in the {City} of {Pune}, {India}},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tissn = {0270-4676, 1552-4183},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0270467614541242},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0270467614541242},\n\tabstract = {Electronic waste (E-waste) illustrates discarded appliances that utilize electricity for their functioning. It is one of the fastest growing waste streams across the globe. A study on the generation and management of E-waste was conducted in the city of Pune, India, involving four different stakeholders, namely, the information technology (IT) sector, banking sector, educational institutes, and households. All these stakeholders are listed by the Indian Ministry of Environment and Forest as major contributors to the problem of E-waste in the country. Semistructured interviews were carried out at 4 IT companies, 10 banks, 16 educational institutes, and 50 households. Results show that the generation of E-waste with respect to computer waste is highest at the IT sector, followed by the banking sector. Apart from a few exceptions, rudimentary management practices were prevalent among the stakeholders. There is a lack of awareness on concerns related to E-waste. Establishing sustainable E-waste management practices, formulation and implementation of appropriate policy initiatives, transparency in the system, and educating people on their responsibility toward global E-waste problem are essential in order to address the emerging concern of E-waste in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-30},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Borthakur, Anwesha},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {E-waste, India, Pune},\n\tpages = {43--52},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Electronic waste (E-waste) illustrates discarded appliances that utilize electricity for their functioning. It is one of the fastest growing waste streams across the globe. A study on the generation and management of E-waste was conducted in the city of Pune, India, involving four different stakeholders, namely, the information technology (IT) sector, banking sector, educational institutes, and households. All these stakeholders are listed by the Indian Ministry of Environment and Forest as major contributors to the problem of E-waste in the country. Semistructured interviews were carried out at 4 IT companies, 10 banks, 16 educational institutes, and 50 households. Results show that the generation of E-waste with respect to computer waste is highest at the IT sector, followed by the banking sector. Apart from a few exceptions, rudimentary management practices were prevalent among the stakeholders. There is a lack of awareness on concerns related to E-waste. Establishing sustainable E-waste management practices, formulation and implementation of appropriate policy initiatives, transparency in the system, and educating people on their responsibility toward global E-waste problem are essential in order to address the emerging concern of E-waste in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Fiction, Imperialism and the Third World: Essays on Postcolonial Literature and Film.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hoagland, E.; and Sarwal, R.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, North Carolina, January 2014.\n Google-Books-ID: dEzQw_LW_U8C\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{hoagland_science_2014,\n\taddress = {North Carolina},\n\ttitle = {Science {Fiction}, {Imperialism} and the {Third} {World}: {Essays} on {Postcolonial} {Literature} and {Film}},\n\tisbn = {9780786457823},\n\tshorttitle = {Science {Fiction}, {Imperialism} and the {Third} {World}},\n\tabstract = {Though science fiction is often thought of as a Western phenomenon, the genre has long had a foothold in countries as diverse as India and Mexico. These fourteen critical essays examine both the role of science fiction in the third world and the role of the third world in science fiction. Topics covered include science fiction in Bengal, the genre's portrayal of Native Americans, Mexican cyberpunk fiction, and the undercurrents of colonialism and Empire in traditional science fiction. The intersections of science fiction theory and postcolonial theory are explored, as well as science fiction's contesting of imperialism and how the third world uses the genre to recreate itself. Instructors considering this book for use in a course may request an examination copy here.\n\n(See also, Notes)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {McFarland \\& Company, Inc., Publishers},\n\teditor = {Hoagland, Ericka and Sarwal, Reema},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: dEzQw\\_LW\\_U8C},\n\tkeywords = {India, Indian Cinema, Postcolonial, Science Fiction},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Though science fiction is often thought of as a Western phenomenon, the genre has long had a foothold in countries as diverse as India and Mexico. These fourteen critical essays examine both the role of science fiction in the third world and the role of the third world in science fiction. Topics covered include science fiction in Bengal, the genre's portrayal of Native Americans, Mexican cyberpunk fiction, and the undercurrents of colonialism and Empire in traditional science fiction. The intersections of science fiction theory and postcolonial theory are explored, as well as science fiction's contesting of imperialism and how the third world uses the genre to recreate itself. Instructors considering this book for use in a course may request an examination copy here. (See also, Notes)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ‘Sharing Air’ with ‘Gandhi Toxin’ during ‘Exile’ in ‘2099’ AD: Manjula Padmanabhan’s short stories.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Khan, S. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in South Asian Film & Media, 6(2): 91–104. December 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{khan_sharing_2014,\n\ttitle = {‘{Sharing} {Air}’ with ‘{Gandhi} {Toxin}’ during ‘{Exile}’ in ‘2099’ {AD}: {Manjula} {Padmanabhan}’s short stories},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {1756-4921, 1756-493X},\n\tshorttitle = {‘{Sharing} {Air}’ with ‘{Gandhi} {Toxin}’ during ‘{Exile}’ in ‘2099’ {AD}},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/safm.6.2.91_1},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/safm.6.2.91_1},\n\tabstract = {Abstract \n This article studies four (science fiction [SF]) short stories written by Manjula Padmanabhan in order to draw linkages between the texts and their contemporary material realities. Using the theoretical framework of Darko Suvin’s novum, it focuses on the extent to which contemporary discourses contour the narrative framework and thematic concerns of an SF text. Each story studied here represents at least one specific malady that afflicts contemporary India. This article seeks to locate and determine how Padmanabhan engages in social criticism, and how the self-aware delivery mechanism of SF is deployed for this sociopolitical indictment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Studies in South Asian Film \\& Media},\n\tauthor = {Khan, Sami Ahmad},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {91--104},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract This article studies four (science fiction [SF]) short stories written by Manjula Padmanabhan in order to draw linkages between the texts and their contemporary material realities. Using the theoretical framework of Darko Suvin’s novum, it focuses on the extent to which contemporary discourses contour the narrative framework and thematic concerns of an SF text. Each story studied here represents at least one specific malady that afflicts contemporary India. This article seeks to locate and determine how Padmanabhan engages in social criticism, and how the self-aware delivery mechanism of SF is deployed for this sociopolitical indictment.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Public Participation in Environmental Clearances in India: Prospects for Democratic Decision-Making.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thayyil, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 56(4): 463–492. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{thayyil_public_2014,\n\ttitle = {Public {Participation} in {Environmental} {Clearances} in {India}: {Prospects} for {Democratic} {Decision}-{Making}},\n\tvolume = {56},\n\tissn = {0019-5731},\n\tshorttitle = {Public {Participation} in {Environmental} {Clearances} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/43953725},\n\tabstract = {This paper seeks to identify avenues for improvement in Indian environmental law with respect to a specific aspect of environmental regulation. Grant of environmental clearances is a key step in the statutory framework to balance ecological concerns about the natural environment, concerns of neighboring communities about the quality of their immediate surroundings, including issues of sustainable access of poor and marginal communities to common property resource for their everyday subsistence, and of providing access of natural resources to the industry in the name of seeking socioeconomic development through facilitating intensive exploitation of nature for industrialization. Given the limitations of a monopolistic reliance of techno-scientific expert that may be dominated by the concerns of the industry, as well as the epistemic and legitimational need for having public consultation and participation in environmental clearances demonstrated in sociological literature, this paper investigates the existing room for public participation in this decision-making process in India. It identifies the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process as central to the grant of environmental clearances in India. The paper describes and analyses the extremely limited space for public participation in the existing EIA regime, despite formal requirements for public participation and hearing. It argues for a broad based EIA that has public consultation at multiple stages right from screening, scoping and appraisal during EIAs, through post-clearance monitoring as well as compliance of clearance conditions.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-03-06},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the Indian Law Institute},\n\tauthor = {Thayyil, Naveen},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {463--492},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper seeks to identify avenues for improvement in Indian environmental law with respect to a specific aspect of environmental regulation. Grant of environmental clearances is a key step in the statutory framework to balance ecological concerns about the natural environment, concerns of neighboring communities about the quality of their immediate surroundings, including issues of sustainable access of poor and marginal communities to common property resource for their everyday subsistence, and of providing access of natural resources to the industry in the name of seeking socioeconomic development through facilitating intensive exploitation of nature for industrialization. Given the limitations of a monopolistic reliance of techno-scientific expert that may be dominated by the concerns of the industry, as well as the epistemic and legitimational need for having public consultation and participation in environmental clearances demonstrated in sociological literature, this paper investigates the existing room for public participation in this decision-making process in India. It identifies the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process as central to the grant of environmental clearances in India. The paper describes and analyses the extremely limited space for public participation in the existing EIA regime, despite formal requirements for public participation and hearing. It argues for a broad based EIA that has public consultation at multiple stages right from screening, scoping and appraisal during EIAs, through post-clearance monitoring as well as compliance of clearance conditions.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and the Colonial War-State: British India, 1790–1820.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arnold, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Boomgaard, P., editor(s), Empire and Science in the Making: Dutch Colonial Scholarship in Comparative Global Perspective, 1760–1830, pages 39–62. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{arnold_science_2013,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Science and the {Colonial} {War}-{State}: {British} {India}, 1790–1820},\n\tisbn = {9781137334022},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and the {Colonial} {War}-{State}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137334022_2},\n\tabstract = {Despite the recent growth in studies of the history of science, medicine, technology, and environment relating to the non-European world, most accounts of the rise of the British Empire in India in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries contain few, if any, references to these new disciplinary approaches. There is extensive discussion about the changing nature of the English East India Company as it morphed from being an essentially commercial enterprise to an extensive territorial power, and there has been wide-ranging consideration of the changing patterns of trade and political relations between Britain and the local “country powers.” But there is scant acknowledgment of the role of science in this seminal episode in the making of modern empire—whether as a means by which British power was materially enhanced relative to that of Indian and European adversaries or as a means by which the British attained a new confidence in the beneficial nature and transformative effects of their rule. Part of the purpose of this chapter is, then, to suggest ways in which the history of science (broadly understood) might be foregrounded in relation to this moment of imperial arrival and to evaluate both its empirical and ideological role in the process of empire building in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tbooktitle = {Empire and {Science} in the {Making}: {Dutch} {Colonial} {Scholarship} in {Comparative} {Global} {Perspective}, 1760–1830},\n\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan US},\n\tauthor = {Arnold, David},\n\teditor = {Boomgaard, Peter},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tdoi = {10.1057/9781137334022_2},\n\tkeywords = {18th Century, 19th Century, British Empire, British India, Colonial Science, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Power/Knowledge, Science and State, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {39--62},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Despite the recent growth in studies of the history of science, medicine, technology, and environment relating to the non-European world, most accounts of the rise of the British Empire in India in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries contain few, if any, references to these new disciplinary approaches. There is extensive discussion about the changing nature of the English East India Company as it morphed from being an essentially commercial enterprise to an extensive territorial power, and there has been wide-ranging consideration of the changing patterns of trade and political relations between Britain and the local “country powers.” But there is scant acknowledgment of the role of science in this seminal episode in the making of modern empire—whether as a means by which British power was materially enhanced relative to that of Indian and European adversaries or as a means by which the British attained a new confidence in the beneficial nature and transformative effects of their rule. Part of the purpose of this chapter is, then, to suggest ways in which the history of science (broadly understood) might be foregrounded in relation to this moment of imperial arrival and to evaluate both its empirical and ideological role in the process of empire building in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Introduction [to the Focus Section].\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Phalkey, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 104(2): 330–336. June 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{phalkey_introduction_2013,\n\tseries = {Focus: {Science}, {History}, and {Modern} {India}},\n\ttitle = {Introduction [to the {Focus} {Section}]},\n\tvolume = {104},\n\tissn = {0021-1753, 1545-6994},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/670950},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/670950},\n\tabstract = {Histories of science in India are revisitations of the colonial question. Science is ideology to be unraveled and exposed—as modernity and progress making or violence and oppression making—depending on where you stand on the interpretive spectrum. It has been seen as ideologically driven practice, as a mode of knowledge production whose history is inseparable from the social and political uses to which it is tethered. In the colonial as well as the postcolonial context, science and technology have been seen as the “ideology of empire,” “tools of empire,” “tentacles of progress,” and “reasons of state.” Yet science and technology are practices and bodies of knowledge that inhabitants of the subcontinent have engaged with enthusiasm, that they have used to invent themselves in their global, national, and individual lives. We know remarkably little about the histories of these complex engagements. A departure from current historiographical preoccupations is called for to map and explain the lives, institutions, practices, and stories of science on the subcontinent as they connect with, and where they break away from, the world at large.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-10},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Phalkey, Jahnavi},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Historiographies, India, Modernity, Post Colonial Science, Post-Independence India, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {330--336},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Histories of science in India are revisitations of the colonial question. Science is ideology to be unraveled and exposed—as modernity and progress making or violence and oppression making—depending on where you stand on the interpretive spectrum. It has been seen as ideologically driven practice, as a mode of knowledge production whose history is inseparable from the social and political uses to which it is tethered. In the colonial as well as the postcolonial context, science and technology have been seen as the “ideology of empire,” “tools of empire,” “tentacles of progress,” and “reasons of state.” Yet science and technology are practices and bodies of knowledge that inhabitants of the subcontinent have engaged with enthusiasm, that they have used to invent themselves in their global, national, and individual lives. We know remarkably little about the histories of these complex engagements. A departure from current historiographical preoccupations is called for to map and explain the lives, institutions, practices, and stories of science on the subcontinent as they connect with, and where they break away from, the world at large.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Historian among Scientists: Reflections on Archiving the History of Science in Postcolonial India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chowdhury, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 104(2): 371–380. June 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chowdhury_historian_2013,\n\ttitle = {A {Historian} among {Scientists}: {Reflections} on {Archiving} the {History} of {Science} in {Postcolonial} {India}},\n\tvolume = {104},\n\tissn = {0021-1753, 1545-6994},\n\tshorttitle = {A {Historian} among {Scientists}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/670955},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/670955},\n\tabstract = {How might we overcome the lack of archival resources while doing the history of science in India? Offering reflections on the nature of archival resources that could be collected for scientific institutions and the need for new interpretative tools with which to understand these resources, this essay argues for the use of oral history in order to understand the practices of science in the postcolonial context. The oral history of science can become a tool with which to understand the hidden interactions between the world of scientific institutions and the larger world of the postcolonial nation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Chowdhury, Indira},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Archival Research, Colonialism, India, Oral history, Post-Independence India, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {371--380},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n How might we overcome the lack of archival resources while doing the history of science in India? Offering reflections on the nature of archival resources that could be collected for scientific institutions and the need for new interpretative tools with which to understand these resources, this essay argues for the use of oral history in order to understand the practices of science in the postcolonial context. The oral history of science can become a tool with which to understand the hidden interactions between the world of scientific institutions and the larger world of the postcolonial nation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Well-Ordered Science and Indian Epistemic Cultures: Toward a Polycentered History of Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ganeri, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 104(2): 348–359. June 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ganeri_well-ordered_2013,\n\tseries = {Focus: {Science}, {History} and {Modern} {India}},\n\ttitle = {Well-{Ordered} {Science} and {Indian} {Epistemic} {Cultures}: {Toward} a {Polycentered} {History} of {Science}},\n\tvolume = {104},\n\tissn = {0021-1753, 1545-6994},\n\tshorttitle = {Well-{Ordered} {Science} and {Indian} {Epistemic} {Cultures}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/670953},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/670953},\n\tabstract = {This essay defends the view that “modern science,” as with modernity in general, is a polycentered phenomenon, something that appears in different forms at different times and places. It begins with two ideas about the nature of rational scientific inquiry: Karin Knorr Cetina's idea of “epistemic cultures,” and Philip Kitcher's idea of science as “a system of public knowledge,” such knowledge as would be deemed worthwhile by an ideal conversation among the whole public under conditions of mutual engagement. This account of the nature of scientific practice provides us with a new perspective from which to understand key elements in the philosophical project of Jaina logicians in the seventh, eighth, and ninth centuries c.e. Jaina theory seems exceptionally well targeted onto two of the key constituents in the ideal conversation—the classification of all human points of view and the representation of end states of the deliberative process. The Buddhist theory of the Kathāvatthu contributes to Indian epistemic culture in a different way: by supplying a detailed theory of how human dialogical standpoints can be revised in the ideal conversation, an account of the phenomenon Kitcher labels “tutoring.” Thus science in India has its own history, one that should be studied in comparison and contrast with the history of science in Europe. In answer to Joseph Needham, it was not ‘modern science’ which failed to develop in India or China but rather non-well-ordered science, science as unconstrained by social value and democratic consent. What I argue is that this is not a deficit in the civilisational histories of these countries, but a virtue.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Ganeri, Jonardon},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemic Cultures, Epistemic Pluralism, Epistemology, Indian Knowledge Systems, Modernity, Science and Democracy},\n\tpages = {348--359},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This essay defends the view that “modern science,” as with modernity in general, is a polycentered phenomenon, something that appears in different forms at different times and places. It begins with two ideas about the nature of rational scientific inquiry: Karin Knorr Cetina's idea of “epistemic cultures,” and Philip Kitcher's idea of science as “a system of public knowledge,” such knowledge as would be deemed worthwhile by an ideal conversation among the whole public under conditions of mutual engagement. This account of the nature of scientific practice provides us with a new perspective from which to understand key elements in the philosophical project of Jaina logicians in the seventh, eighth, and ninth centuries c.e. Jaina theory seems exceptionally well targeted onto two of the key constituents in the ideal conversation—the classification of all human points of view and the representation of end states of the deliberative process. The Buddhist theory of the Kathāvatthu contributes to Indian epistemic culture in a different way: by supplying a detailed theory of how human dialogical standpoints can be revised in the ideal conversation, an account of the phenomenon Kitcher labels “tutoring.” Thus science in India has its own history, one that should be studied in comparison and contrast with the history of science in Europe. In answer to Joseph Needham, it was not ‘modern science’ which failed to develop in India or China but rather non-well-ordered science, science as unconstrained by social value and democratic consent. What I argue is that this is not a deficit in the civilisational histories of these countries, but a virtue.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Reason and Medicine: Art and Science of Healing from Antiquity to Modern Times.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varma, D. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Three Essays Collective, New Delhi, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{varma_reason_2013,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Reason and {Medicine}: {Art} and {Science} of {Healing} from {Antiquity} to {Modern} {Times}},\n\tisbn = {978-81-88789-83-2},\n\tabstract = {There is no such thing as Chinese, Hindu, Islamic or European physics or chemistry. Why then are there distinct schools of medicine (Ayurvedic, Chinese, Unani, Homeopathic, etc.)? What has been the role of witchcraft in the history of healing? What has been the contribution of women in healing and medicine – in antiquity and in the modern world? Why has the materialist outlook been so important for the development of modern medicine? Why do other schools of medicine survive in the modern age? Is ancient Greek medicine the only heritage of modern medicine? What have been the Islamic contributions to science and medicine? What has been the political economy of medicine under capitalism? How did the development of capitalism lead to advances in medicine and health care? Why does medical research today pay great attention to diseases of the rich and of the developed countries than to diseases that affect the majority in developing countries? What is the role of pharmaceutical giants in making health care inaccessible? Why is the expansion of a universal public health care system so important? What constitutes medical ethics?},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Three Essays Collective},\n\tauthor = {Varma, Daya Ram},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Epistemic Pluralism, Epistemology, Islamic Medicine, Social History of Knowledge, Sociology of Medicine, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n There is no such thing as Chinese, Hindu, Islamic or European physics or chemistry. Why then are there distinct schools of medicine (Ayurvedic, Chinese, Unani, Homeopathic, etc.)? What has been the role of witchcraft in the history of healing? What has been the contribution of women in healing and medicine – in antiquity and in the modern world? Why has the materialist outlook been so important for the development of modern medicine? Why do other schools of medicine survive in the modern age? Is ancient Greek medicine the only heritage of modern medicine? What have been the Islamic contributions to science and medicine? What has been the political economy of medicine under capitalism? How did the development of capitalism lead to advances in medicine and health care? Why does medical research today pay great attention to diseases of the rich and of the developed countries than to diseases that affect the majority in developing countries? What is the role of pharmaceutical giants in making health care inaccessible? Why is the expansion of a universal public health care system so important? What constitutes medical ethics?\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Circulation of Knowledge Between Britain, India and China: The Early-Modern World to the Twentieth Century.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lightman, B.; McOut, G.; and Larry, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BRILL, June 2013.\n Google-Books-ID: SnKvHu8kGSgC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{lightman_circulation_2013,\n\ttitle = {The {Circulation} of {Knowledge} {Between} {Britain}, {India} and {China}: {The} {Early}-{Modern} {World} to the {Twentieth} {Century}},\n\tisbn = {9789004251410},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Circulation} of {Knowledge} {Between} {Britain}, {India} and {China}},\n\tabstract = {In The Circulation of Knowledge Between Britain, India and China, twelve scholars examine how knowledge, things and people moved within, and between, the East and the West from the early modern period to the twentieth century. The collection starts by looking at the ways and means that knowledge circulated, first in Europe, but then beyond to India and China. It engages the knowledge and encounters of those Europeans as they moved across the globe. It participates in the attempt to open up more nuanced and balanced trajectories of colonial and post-colonial encounters. By focusing on exchange, translation, and resistance, the authors bring into the spotlight many "bit-players" and things originally relegated to the margins in the development of late modern science. Contributors include Karen Smith, Larry Stewart, Savrithri Preetha Nair, Jan Golinski, Arun Bala, Jonathan Topham, Khyati Nagar, Yang Haiyan, Fa-ti Fan, Grace Yen Shen, Jahnavi Phalkey, Veena Rao, and Sundar Sarukkai.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {BRILL},\n\tauthor = {Lightman, Bernard and McOut, Gordon and Larry, Stewart},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: SnKvHu8kGSgC},\n\tkeywords = {Britain, China, Circulation of Knowledge, India, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In The Circulation of Knowledge Between Britain, India and China, twelve scholars examine how knowledge, things and people moved within, and between, the East and the West from the early modern period to the twentieth century. The collection starts by looking at the ways and means that knowledge circulated, first in Europe, but then beyond to India and China. It engages the knowledge and encounters of those Europeans as they moved across the globe. It participates in the attempt to open up more nuanced and balanced trajectories of colonial and post-colonial encounters. By focusing on exchange, translation, and resistance, the authors bring into the spotlight many \"bit-players\" and things originally relegated to the margins in the development of late modern science. Contributors include Karen Smith, Larry Stewart, Savrithri Preetha Nair, Jan Golinski, Arun Bala, Jonathan Topham, Khyati Nagar, Yang Haiyan, Fa-ti Fan, Grace Yen Shen, Jahnavi Phalkey, Veena Rao, and Sundar Sarukkai.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Writing the Disaster: Substance Activism after Bhopal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Banerjee, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Contemporary South Asia, 21(3): 230–242. September 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{banerjee_writing_2013,\n\ttitle = {Writing the {Disaster}: {Substance} {Activism} after {Bhopal}},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tissn = {0958-4935, 1469-364X},\n\tshorttitle = {Writing the disaster},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09584935.2013.826623},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/09584935.2013.826623},\n\tabstract = {In 2008, survivors of the 1984 Bhopal Gas Disaster in India undertook a 500-mile march to New Delhi, protesting a long history of governmental neglect of the survivors of the event. This is one episode of a 25-year-old organized international campaign that continues in the present. This article examines the ways in which three bodily substances – blood, hearts and ketones – were produced and circulated through the 2008 protests. Placed within a broader history of substance-politics in the region, this article suggests that these protests produced an imagination of bodily substances that surfaced messy contradictions that became difficult for the Indian State to disregard. This article also shows how these protests distanced themselves from the cynicism attached to similar modes of corporeal activism in the contemporary Indian landscape. In sum, this article traces the production of an activist corporeal counter.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Contemporary South Asia},\n\tauthor = {Banerjee, Dwaipayan},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Bhopal Gas Tragedy, India},\n\tpages = {230--242},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In 2008, survivors of the 1984 Bhopal Gas Disaster in India undertook a 500-mile march to New Delhi, protesting a long history of governmental neglect of the survivors of the event. This is one episode of a 25-year-old organized international campaign that continues in the present. This article examines the ways in which three bodily substances – blood, hearts and ketones – were produced and circulated through the 2008 protests. Placed within a broader history of substance-politics in the region, this article suggests that these protests produced an imagination of bodily substances that surfaced messy contradictions that became difficult for the Indian State to disregard. This article also shows how these protests distanced themselves from the cynicism attached to similar modes of corporeal activism in the contemporary Indian landscape. In sum, this article traces the production of an activist corporeal counter.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Natural History in India During the 18th and 19th Centuries.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kochhar, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Biosciences, 38(2): 201–224. June 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kochhar_natural_2013,\n\ttitle = {Natural {History} in {India} {During} the 18th and 19th {Centuries}},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tissn = {0973-7138},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-013-9316-9},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s12038-013-9316-9},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Biosciences},\n\tauthor = {Kochhar, Rajesh},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Colonialism, India, Natural History, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {201--224},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science for Social Revolution: A Reader.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parameswaran, M.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad, Thrisssur, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{parameswaran_science_2013,\n\taddress = {Thrisssur},\n\ttitle = {Science for {Social} {Revolution}: {A} {Reader}},\n\turl = {https://aipsn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Science-For-Social-Revolution-A-reader.pdf},\n\tabstract = {During the 13th All India People’s Science Congress held at Thrissur in 2010, one full day was set apart for the discussion on the “Perspective of the PSM”. KSSP is now celebrating its Golden Jubilee. It is appropriate to continue the discussions initiated during 1988 and continued till date and take them to a commonly accepted framework which can focus the multifarious\nactivities of the PSM towards a desired goal.\nThis collection of papers is expected to form the basis for the continuation of this discussion.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad},\n\teditor = {Parameswaran, M.P.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi \\& Science, Kerala, Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Radical Science Movements},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n During the 13th All India People’s Science Congress held at Thrissur in 2010, one full day was set apart for the discussion on the “Perspective of the PSM”. KSSP is now celebrating its Golden Jubilee. It is appropriate to continue the discussions initiated during 1988 and continued till date and take them to a commonly accepted framework which can focus the multifarious activities of the PSM towards a desired goal. This collection of papers is expected to form the basis for the continuation of this discussion.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sociology of Science & Technology in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pattnaik, B. K.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sage Publications, New Delhi, December 2013.\n Google-Books-ID: js7MnQEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{pattnaik_sociology_2013,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Sociology of {Science} \\& {Technology} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788132113874},\n\tabstract = {Sociology of Science and Technology in India, is a collection of 12 articles in Sociology of Science and Technology (SST). It throws light on the major themes of SST, such as, role of science (theoretical), scientific community in India, productivity patterns in Indian Science and Technology (S\\&T) research, and S\\&T unleashing social change in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Sage Publications},\n\teditor = {Pattnaik, Binay Kumar},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: js7MnQEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Kanpur School, Sociology of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Sociology of Science and Technology in India, is a collection of 12 articles in Sociology of Science and Technology (SST). It throws light on the major themes of SST, such as, role of science (theoretical), scientific community in India, productivity patterns in Indian Science and Technology (S&T) research, and S&T unleashing social change in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Education Abroad: Engineering, Privatization, and the New Middle Class in Neoliberalizing India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Khandekar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Engineering Studies, 5(3): 179–198. December 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{khandekar_education_2013,\n\ttitle = {Education {Abroad}: {Engineering}, {Privatization}, and the {New} {Middle} {Class} in {Neoliberalizing} {India}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {1937-8629, 1940-8374},\n\tshorttitle = {Education {Abroad}},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19378629.2013.859686},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/19378629.2013.859686},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Engineering Studies},\n\tauthor = {Khandekar, Aalok},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {179--198},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Creating Machine Readable Men: Legitimizing the Aadhaar Mega E-infrastructure Project in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Srinivasan, J.; and Johri, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development: Full Papers - Volume 1, pages 101–112, Cape Town South Africa, December 2013. ACM\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{srinivasan_creating_2013,\n\taddress = {Cape Town South Africa},\n\ttitle = {Creating {Machine} {Readable} {Men}: {Legitimizing} the {Aadhaar} {Mega} {E}-infrastructure {Project} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781450319065},\n\tshorttitle = {Creating machine readable men},\n\turl = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2516604.2516625},\n\tdoi = {10.1145/2516604.2516625},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the {Sixth} {International} {Conference} on {Information} and {Communication} {Technologies} and {Development}: {Full} {Papers} - {Volume} 1},\n\tpublisher = {ACM},\n\tauthor = {Srinivasan, Janaki and Johri, Aditya},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Aadhaar, Digital STS, Digital citizenship, E-governance, India},\n\tpages = {101--112},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Medicine and Empire: 1600-1960.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chakrabarti, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bloomsbury Publishing, December 2013.\n Google-Books-ID: GCVHEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chakrabarti_medicine_2013,\n\ttitle = {Medicine and {Empire}: 1600-1960},\n\tisbn = {9781137374806},\n\tshorttitle = {Medicine and {Empire}},\n\tabstract = {The history of modern medicine is inseparable from the history of imperialism. Medicine and Empire provides an introduction to this shared history – spanning three centuries and covering British, French and Spanish imperial histories in Africa, Asia and America.Exploring the major developments in European medicine from the seventeenth century to the mid-twentieth century, Pratik Chakrabarti shows that the major developments in European medicine had a colonial counterpart and were closely intertwined with European activities overseas:- The increasing influence of natural history on medicine- The growth of European drug markets- The rise of surgeons in status- Ideas of race and racism- Advancements in sanitation and public health- The expansion of the modern quarantine system- The emergence of Germ theory and global vaccination campaigns. Drawing on recent scholarship and primary texts, this book narrates a mutually constitutive history in which medicine was both a 'tool' and a product of imperialism, and provides an original, accessible insight into the deep historical roots of the problems that plague global health today.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Chakrabarti, Pratik},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: GCVHEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Medicine, Health System, Imperialism, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Public Health, Social History of Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The history of modern medicine is inseparable from the history of imperialism. Medicine and Empire provides an introduction to this shared history – spanning three centuries and covering British, French and Spanish imperial histories in Africa, Asia and America.Exploring the major developments in European medicine from the seventeenth century to the mid-twentieth century, Pratik Chakrabarti shows that the major developments in European medicine had a colonial counterpart and were closely intertwined with European activities overseas:- The increasing influence of natural history on medicine- The growth of European drug markets- The rise of surgeons in status- Ideas of race and racism- Advancements in sanitation and public health- The expansion of the modern quarantine system- The emergence of Germ theory and global vaccination campaigns. Drawing on recent scholarship and primary texts, this book narrates a mutually constitutive history in which medicine was both a 'tool' and a product of imperialism, and provides an original, accessible insight into the deep historical roots of the problems that plague global health today.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Fictions of Science and Cinema in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kaur, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Gokulsingh, K.; and Dissanayake, W., editor(s), Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinema, pages 282–296. Routledge, Oxon, First edition, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{kaur_fictions_2013,\n\taddress = {Oxon},\n\tedition = {First},\n\ttitle = {The {Fictions} of {Science} and {Cinema} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780203556054},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Routledge_Handbook_of_Indian_Cinemas/djUFmlFbzFkC?hl=en&gbpv=1},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tbooktitle = {Routledge {Handbook} of {Indian} {Cinema}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Kaur, Raminder},\n\teditor = {Gokulsingh, K. and Dissanayake, Wimal},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {282--296},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Medical Marginality in South Asia: Situating Subaltern Therapeutics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hardiman, D.; and Mukharji, P. B.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, May 2013.\n Google-Books-ID: Ca16zA7EtxkC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{hardiman_medical_2013,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Medical {Marginality} in {South} {Asia}: {Situating} {Subaltern} {Therapeutics}},\n\tisbn = {9781136284038},\n\tshorttitle = {Medical {Marginality} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tabstract = {Examining the world of popular healing in South Asia, this book looks at the way that it is marginalised by the state and medical establishment while at the same time being very important in the everyday lives of the poor. It describes and analyses a world of ‘subaltern therapeutics’ that both interacts with and resists state-sanctioned and elite forms of medical practice. The relationship is seen as both a historical as well as ongoing one. Focusing on those who exist and practice in the shadow of statist medicine, the book discusses the many ways in which they try to heal a range of maladies, and how they experience their marginality. The contributors also provide a history of such therapeutics, in the process challenging the widespread belief that such ‘traditional’ therapeutics are relatively static and unchanging. In focusing on these problems of transition, they open up one of the central concerns of subaltern historiography. This is an important contribution to the history of medicine and society, and subaltern and South Asian studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Hardiman, David and Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Ca16zA7EtxkC},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Healing, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Examining the world of popular healing in South Asia, this book looks at the way that it is marginalised by the state and medical establishment while at the same time being very important in the everyday lives of the poor. It describes and analyses a world of ‘subaltern therapeutics’ that both interacts with and resists state-sanctioned and elite forms of medical practice. The relationship is seen as both a historical as well as ongoing one. Focusing on those who exist and practice in the shadow of statist medicine, the book discusses the many ways in which they try to heal a range of maladies, and how they experience their marginality. The contributors also provide a history of such therapeutics, in the process challenging the widespread belief that such ‘traditional’ therapeutics are relatively static and unchanging. In focusing on these problems of transition, they open up one of the central concerns of subaltern historiography. This is an important contribution to the history of medicine and society, and subaltern and South Asian studies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Everyday Technology: Machines and the Making of India's Modernity.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arnold, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, June 2013.\n Google-Books-ID: RWhALAVi1OYC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{arnold_everyday_2013,\n\taddress = {Chicago \\& London},\n\ttitle = {Everyday {Technology}: {Machines} and the {Making} of {India}'s {Modernity}},\n\tisbn = {9780226922027},\n\tshorttitle = {Everyday {Technology}},\n\tabstract = {In 1909 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, on his way back to South Africa from London, wrote his now celebrated tract Hind Swaraj, laying out his vision for the future of India and famously rejecting the technological innovations of Western civilization. Despite his protestations, Western technology endured and helped to make India one of the leading economies in our globalized world. Few would question the dominant role that technology plays in modern life, but to fully understand how India first advanced into technological modernity, argues David Arnold, we must consider the technology of the everyday. Everyday Technology is a pioneering account of how small machines and consumer goods that originated in Europe and North America became objects of everyday use in India in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Rather than investigate “big” technologies such as railways and irrigation projects, Arnold examines the assimilation and appropriation of bicycles, rice mills, sewing machines, and typewriters in India, and follows their impact on the ways in which people worked and traveled, the clothes they wore, and the kind of food they ate. But the effects of these machines were not limited to the daily rituals of Indian society, and Arnold demonstrates how such small-scale technologies became integral to new ways of thinking about class, race, and gender, as well as about the politics of colonial rule and Indian nationhood. Arnold’s fascinating book offers new perspectives on the globalization of modern technologies and shows us that to truly understand what modernity became, we need to look at the everyday experiences of people in all walks of life, taking stock of how they repurposed small technologies to reinvent their world and themselves.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {The University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Arnold, David},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: RWhALAVi1OYC},\n\tkeywords = {Gender, Race, Technological Imaginary, Technologies-in-Practice, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In 1909 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, on his way back to South Africa from London, wrote his now celebrated tract Hind Swaraj, laying out his vision for the future of India and famously rejecting the technological innovations of Western civilization. Despite his protestations, Western technology endured and helped to make India one of the leading economies in our globalized world. Few would question the dominant role that technology plays in modern life, but to fully understand how India first advanced into technological modernity, argues David Arnold, we must consider the technology of the everyday. Everyday Technology is a pioneering account of how small machines and consumer goods that originated in Europe and North America became objects of everyday use in India in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Rather than investigate “big” technologies such as railways and irrigation projects, Arnold examines the assimilation and appropriation of bicycles, rice mills, sewing machines, and typewriters in India, and follows their impact on the ways in which people worked and traveled, the clothes they wore, and the kind of food they ate. But the effects of these machines were not limited to the daily rituals of Indian society, and Arnold demonstrates how such small-scale technologies became integral to new ways of thinking about class, race, and gender, as well as about the politics of colonial rule and Indian nationhood. Arnold’s fascinating book offers new perspectives on the globalization of modern technologies and shows us that to truly understand what modernity became, we need to look at the everyday experiences of people in all walks of life, taking stock of how they repurposed small technologies to reinvent their world and themselves.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nehruvian Science and Postcolonial India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arnold, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 104(2): 360–370. June 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{arnold_nehruvian_2013,\n\ttitle = {Nehruvian {Science} and {Postcolonial} {India}},\n\tvolume = {104},\n\tissn = {0021-1753, 1545-6994},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/670954},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/670954},\n\tabstract = {This essay uses the seminal figure of Jawaharlal Nehru to interrogate the nature and representation of science in modern India. The problem posed by Nehruvian science—the conflict between (yet simultaneity of) science as both universal phenomenon and local effect—lies at the heart of current debates about what science means for the non-West. The problematic of Nehruvian science can be accessed through Nehru's own speeches and writings, but also through the wider project of science with which he identified—critiquing colonialism, forging India's place in the modern world, marrying intellectual endeavor with practical nation building. The essay makes a case for looking at Nehruvian science as a way of structuring the problem of postcolonial science, particularly in relation to understanding the authority of science and its evaluation in terms of its capacity to deliver socioeconomic change.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Arnold, David},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {India, Nehru, Jawaharlal, Nehruvian Science, Post colonial Science},\n\tpages = {360--370},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This essay uses the seminal figure of Jawaharlal Nehru to interrogate the nature and representation of science in modern India. The problem posed by Nehruvian science—the conflict between (yet simultaneity of) science as both universal phenomenon and local effect—lies at the heart of current debates about what science means for the non-West. The problematic of Nehruvian science can be accessed through Nehru's own speeches and writings, but also through the wider project of science with which he identified—critiquing colonialism, forging India's place in the modern world, marrying intellectual endeavor with practical nation building. The essay makes a case for looking at Nehruvian science as a way of structuring the problem of postcolonial science, particularly in relation to understanding the authority of science and its evaluation in terms of its capacity to deliver socioeconomic change.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Religion, Science, and Empire: Classifying Hinduism and Islam in British India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gottschalk, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n OUP, Oxford & New York, 2013.\n Google-Books-ID: 0QeNYCbxMrgC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{gottschalk_religion_2013,\n\taddress = {Oxford \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Religion, {Science}, and {Empire}: {Classifying} {Hinduism} and {Islam} in {British} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780195393019},\n\tshorttitle = {Religion, {Science}, and {Empire}},\n\tabstract = {Peter Gottschalk offers a compelling study of how, through the British implementation of scientific taxonomy in the subcontinent, Britons and Indians identified an inherent divide between mutually antagonistic religious communities. England's ascent to power coincided with the rise of empirical science as an authoritative way of knowing not only the natural world, but the human one as well. The British scientific passion for classification, combined with the Christian impulse to differentiate people according to religion, led to a designation of Indians as either Hindu or Muslim according to rigidly defined criteria that paralleled classification in botanical and zoological taxonomies. Through an historical and ethnographic study of the north Indian village of Chainpur, Gottschalk shows that the Britons' presumed categories did not necessarily reflect the Indians' concepts of their own identities, though many Indians came to embrace this scientism and gradually accepted the categories the British instituted through projects like the Census of India, the Archaeological Survey of India, and the India Museum. Today's propogators of Hindu-Muslim violence often cite scientistic formulations of difference that descend directly from the categories introduced by imperial Britain. Religion, Science, and Empire will be a valuable resource to anyone interested in the colonial and postcolonial history of religion in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {OUP},\n\tauthor = {Gottschalk, Peter},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0QeNYCbxMrgC},\n\tkeywords = {Archeology, British India, Classification, Colonialism, Ethnography, Governmentality, Hindu/Muslim, North India, Religious Identities, Science and Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Peter Gottschalk offers a compelling study of how, through the British implementation of scientific taxonomy in the subcontinent, Britons and Indians identified an inherent divide between mutually antagonistic religious communities. England's ascent to power coincided with the rise of empirical science as an authoritative way of knowing not only the natural world, but the human one as well. The British scientific passion for classification, combined with the Christian impulse to differentiate people according to religion, led to a designation of Indians as either Hindu or Muslim according to rigidly defined criteria that paralleled classification in botanical and zoological taxonomies. Through an historical and ethnographic study of the north Indian village of Chainpur, Gottschalk shows that the Britons' presumed categories did not necessarily reflect the Indians' concepts of their own identities, though many Indians came to embrace this scientism and gradually accepted the categories the British instituted through projects like the Census of India, the Archaeological Survey of India, and the India Museum. Today's propogators of Hindu-Muslim violence often cite scientistic formulations of difference that descend directly from the categories introduced by imperial Britain. Religion, Science, and Empire will be a valuable resource to anyone interested in the colonial and postcolonial history of religion in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n History of teaching anatomy in India: from ancient to modern times.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jacob, T. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Anatomical Sciences Education, 6(5): 351–358. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{jacob_history_2013,\n\ttitle = {History of teaching anatomy in {India}: from ancient to modern times},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {1935-9780},\n\tshorttitle = {History of teaching anatomy in {India}},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/ase.1359},\n\tabstract = {Safe clinical practice is based on a sound knowledge of the structure and function of the human body. Thus, knowledge of anatomy has been an essential tool in the practice of healthcare throughout the ages. The history of anatomy in India traces from the Paleolithic Age to the Indus Valley Civilization, the Vedic Times, the Islamic Dynasties, the modern Colonial Period, and finally to Independent India. The course of the study of anatomy, despite accompanying controversies and periods of latencies, has been fascinating. This review takes the reader through various periods of Indian medicine and the role of anatomy in the field of medical practice. It also provides a peek into the modern system of pedagogy in anatomical sciences in India.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Anatomical Sciences Education},\n\tauthor = {Jacob, Tony George},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpmid = {23495119},\n\tkeywords = {Allopathic Medicine, Anatomy, Ayurveda, Review Essay, Science Education, Scientific Practice, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Unani},\n\tpages = {351--358},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Safe clinical practice is based on a sound knowledge of the structure and function of the human body. Thus, knowledge of anatomy has been an essential tool in the practice of healthcare throughout the ages. The history of anatomy in India traces from the Paleolithic Age to the Indus Valley Civilization, the Vedic Times, the Islamic Dynasties, the modern Colonial Period, and finally to Independent India. The course of the study of anatomy, despite accompanying controversies and periods of latencies, has been fascinating. This review takes the reader through various periods of Indian medicine and the role of anatomy in the field of medical practice. It also provides a peek into the modern system of pedagogy in anatomical sciences in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Making of an Indigenous Scanning Tunneling Microscope.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sekhsaria, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 104(9): 1152–1158. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{sekhsaria_making_2013,\n\ttitle = {The {Making} of an {Indigenous} {Scanning} {Tunneling} {Microscope}},\n\tvolume = {104},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Sekhsaria, Pankaj},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {1152--1158},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fighting Nuclear Energy, Fighting for India's Democracy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhadra, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science as Culture, 22(2): 238–246. June 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{bhadra_fighting_2013,\n\ttitle = {Fighting {Nuclear} {Energy}, {Fighting} for {India}'s {Democracy}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tissn = {0950-5431, 1470-1189},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09505431.2013.786986},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/09505431.2013.786986},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Science as Culture},\n\tauthor = {Bhadra, Monamie},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {India, Kudankulam, New Social Movements, Nuclear energy, People’s Movement Against Nuclear Energy (pmane), Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science and Democracy, Science and State, Sociology of Science, Sociology of Technology, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {238--246},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Grassroots Innovations for Inclusive Development: Need for a Paradigmatic Shift.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, V.; Chand, V. S.; Zhang, L.; Hoppers, C. A ..; Zhang, W.; Esders, M.; and Gupta, A. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, 38(3): 103–122. July 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_grassroots_2013,\n\ttitle = {Grassroots {Innovations} for {Inclusive} {Development}: {Need} for a {Paradigmatic} {Shift}},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tissn = {0256-0909, 2395-3799},\n\tshorttitle = {{\\textless}i{\\textgreater}{Grassroots} {Innovations} for {Inclusive} {Development}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0256090920130307},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0256090920130307},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tjournal = {Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Vipin and Chand, Vijaya Sherry and Zhang, Liyan and Hoppers, Catherine A .Odora and Zhang, Wei and Esders, Marianne and Gupta, Anil K.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, Grassroots Innovations, Inclusive innovation, Innovation Policy, Innovation ecosystem, Innovation studies},\n\tpages = {103--122},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Beyond Postcolonialism … and Postpositivism: Circulation and the Global History of Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raj, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 104(2): 337–347. June 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raj_beyond_2013,\n\tseries = {Focus: {Science}, {History}, and {Modern} {India}},\n\ttitle = {Beyond {Postcolonialism} … and {Postpositivism}: {Circulation} and the {Global} {History} of {Science}},\n\tvolume = {104},\n\tissn = {0021-1753, 1545-6994},\n\tshorttitle = {Beyond {Postcolonialism} … and {Postpositivism}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/670951},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/670951},\n\tabstract = {This essay traces the parallel, but unrelated, evolution of two sets of reactions to traditional idealist history of science in a world-historical context. While the scholars who fostered the postcolonial approach, in dealing with modern science in the non-West, espoused an idealist vision, they nevertheless stressed its political and ideological underpinnings and engaged with the question of its putative Western roots. The postidealist history of science developed its own vision with respect to the question of the global spread of modern science, paying little heed to postcolonial debates. It then proposes a historiographical approach developed in large part by historians of South Asian politics, economics, and science that, without compromising the preoccupations of each of the two groups, could help construct a mutually comprehensible and connected framework for the understanding of the global workings of the sciences.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Raj, Kapil},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Historiographies, India, Post colonial Science, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {337--347},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This essay traces the parallel, but unrelated, evolution of two sets of reactions to traditional idealist history of science in a world-historical context. While the scholars who fostered the postcolonial approach, in dealing with modern science in the non-West, espoused an idealist vision, they nevertheless stressed its political and ideological underpinnings and engaged with the question of its putative Western roots. The postidealist history of science developed its own vision with respect to the question of the global spread of modern science, paying little heed to postcolonial debates. It then proposes a historiographical approach developed in large part by historians of South Asian politics, economics, and science that, without compromising the preoccupations of each of the two groups, could help construct a mutually comprehensible and connected framework for the understanding of the global workings of the sciences.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mis-projections: Self in the Age of Technoscientific Culture.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Collective, R. M.; and Sarda, S., editor(s), Sarai Reader 09: Projections, pages 317–322. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{varughese_mis-projections_2013,\n\ttitle = {Mis-projections: {Self} in the {Age} of {Technoscientific} {Culture}},\n\tisbn = {78-93-82388-03-6},\n\tshorttitle = {Sarai {Reader}},\n\turl = {https://archive.sarai.net/files/original/418b887435543625d1392243ec49928c.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Everyday life is suffused with reflective surfaces of different kinds, thanks to the technoscientific culture we live in. From mirrors to clocks to radars to Hubble’s space telescope, from mobile phones to television, cinema and computer screens, we engage with a wide variety of projecting surfaces in our quotidian life. In this sense, the entire technoscientific built environment we inhabit functions as a wide projecting-screen\nthat reflects our collective self. Like the mirror that achieved its materiality in the crucible of scientific and technological advancements and the industrial revolution, in tandem with the emergence of the modern self, these screens too shape our-selves. Our collective selves in contemporary culture\nare resultant of the assumed coherence accomplished\nthrough the mediation of these technoscientific gadgets and artefacts we use. As in the case of seeing our reflection in the mirror, these everyday screens too concurrently evoke rapture and rupture – it is a narcissistic experience impregnated with the\nfear of self-immolation. Therefore, the changed materiality of these contemporary technoscientific projecting surfaces can be more threatening and suicidal than the horror invoked by unruly mirrors.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Sarai {Reader} 09: {Projections}},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\teditor = {Collective, Raqs Media and Sarda, Shveta},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Cinema, Cultural Studies of S\\&T, Horror, Popular culture, Self and the other, Technology \\& Society, Technoscientific cultures, Technoscientific visions},\n\tpages = {317--322},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Everyday life is suffused with reflective surfaces of different kinds, thanks to the technoscientific culture we live in. From mirrors to clocks to radars to Hubble’s space telescope, from mobile phones to television, cinema and computer screens, we engage with a wide variety of projecting surfaces in our quotidian life. In this sense, the entire technoscientific built environment we inhabit functions as a wide projecting-screen that reflects our collective self. Like the mirror that achieved its materiality in the crucible of scientific and technological advancements and the industrial revolution, in tandem with the emergence of the modern self, these screens too shape our-selves. Our collective selves in contemporary culture are resultant of the assumed coherence accomplished through the mediation of these technoscientific gadgets and artefacts we use. As in the case of seeing our reflection in the mirror, these everyday screens too concurrently evoke rapture and rupture – it is a narcissistic experience impregnated with the fear of self-immolation. Therefore, the changed materiality of these contemporary technoscientific projecting surfaces can be more threatening and suicidal than the horror invoked by unruly mirrors.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Medical Encounters in British India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.; and Basu, R. S.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kumar_medical_2013,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Medical {Encounters} in {British} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780198089216},\n\tabstract = {This volume explores the nature of interactions between the East and the West in the field of medicine. It brings into focus conditions and historical processes through which there was an interaction between the social and medical domains, particularly under the rubric of colonialism. It discusses India's medical tradition and the challenges it faced when modern medical system entered the country; the exchange of knowledge between India and the west; and the influence of local medicinal knowledge on its colonial counterpart. The exchange of ideas and that of tradition was not a simple journey but rather a long and tortuous trajectory which was characterized by both assimilation as well as initiative which sought to differentiate one set of ideas from another. The level of interaction was seldom smooth and it was often ridden with the languages of dominance and hegemony. Through specific examples and case studies, the book also analyses various ailments and the changing medical domain from the point of view of the existing social norms/conditions.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\teditor = {Kumar, Deepak and Basu, Raj Sekhar},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Disease, Colonial Medicine, History of Medicine, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This volume explores the nature of interactions between the East and the West in the field of medicine. It brings into focus conditions and historical processes through which there was an interaction between the social and medical domains, particularly under the rubric of colonialism. It discusses India's medical tradition and the challenges it faced when modern medical system entered the country; the exchange of knowledge between India and the west; and the influence of local medicinal knowledge on its colonial counterpart. The exchange of ideas and that of tradition was not a simple journey but rather a long and tortuous trajectory which was characterized by both assimilation as well as initiative which sought to differentiate one set of ideas from another. The level of interaction was seldom smooth and it was often ridden with the languages of dominance and hegemony. Through specific examples and case studies, the book also analyses various ailments and the changing medical domain from the point of view of the existing social norms/conditions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Frugal innovation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhatti, Y.; Khilji, S. E.; and Basu, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Khilji, S. E.; and Rowley, C., editor(s), Globalization, Change and Learning in South Asia, of Chandos Asian Studies Series, pages 123–145. Chandos Publishing, January 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{bhatti_frugal_2013,\n\tseries = {Chandos {Asian} {Studies} {Series}},\n\ttitle = {Frugal innovation},\n\tisbn = {9780857094643},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857094643500076},\n\tabstract = {This chapter highlights the creative use of frugal innovation by South Asian organizations in their attempts to stay competitive in an intensely global environment. We discuss how globalization has affected South Asia, the ways in which South Asian organizations have responded to contradictory global and local challenges, and what MNCs can learn from the experience of South Asian organizations. Some of the lessons for South Asian organizations include developing partnerships regionally and internationally and for MNCs to venture into South Asian markets for business prospects with an open mind, in order to engage in learning so as to better address changing circumstances not only in South Asian markets but also in their respective home markets globally.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-02},\n\tbooktitle = {Globalization, {Change} and {Learning} in {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Chandos Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Bhatti, Yasser and Khilji, Shaista E. and Basu, Radha},\n\teditor = {Khilji, Shaista E. and Rowley, Chris},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/B978-0-85709-464-3.50007-6},\n\tkeywords = {Bangladesh, Frugal Innovation, India, Pakistan, South Asia},\n\tpages = {123--145},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This chapter highlights the creative use of frugal innovation by South Asian organizations in their attempts to stay competitive in an intensely global environment. We discuss how globalization has affected South Asia, the ways in which South Asian organizations have responded to contradictory global and local challenges, and what MNCs can learn from the experience of South Asian organizations. Some of the lessons for South Asian organizations include developing partnerships regionally and internationally and for MNCs to venture into South Asian markets for business prospects with an open mind, in order to engage in learning so as to better address changing circumstances not only in South Asian markets but also in their respective home markets globally.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Philosophy in Ancient India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyay, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Aakar Books, New Delhi, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{chattopadhyay_science_2013,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Philosophy} in {Ancient} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788189833459},\n\turl = {https://aakarbooks.com/product/science-and-philosophy-in-ancient-india-2/},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Aakar Books},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyay, Debiprasad},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Historiographies, Indian Knowledge Systems, Indian Philosophy, Philosophy and Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Ayurveda Made Modern: Political Histories of Indigenous Medicine in North India, 1900-1955.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Berger, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Palgrave Macmillan, New York, September 2013.\n Google-Books-ID: tiiwAgAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{berger_ayurveda_2013,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Ayurveda {Made} {Modern}: {Political} {Histories} of {Indigenous} {Medicine} in {North} {India}, 1900-1955},\n\tisbn = {9781137315908},\n\tshorttitle = {Ayurveda {Made} {Modern}},\n\tabstract = {This book explores the ways in which Ayurveda, the oldest medical tradition of the Indian subcontinent, was transformed from a composite of 'ancient' medical knowledge into a 'modern' medical system, suited to the demands posed by apparatuses of health developed in late colonial India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},\n\tauthor = {Berger, R.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: tiiwAgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Sociology of Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book explores the ways in which Ayurveda, the oldest medical tradition of the Indian subcontinent, was transformed from a composite of 'ancient' medical knowledge into a 'modern' medical system, suited to the demands posed by apparatuses of health developed in late colonial India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Revisiting Social Theory and History of Science in Early Modern South Asia and Colonial India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident, (36): 191–210. December 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_revisiting_2013,\n\ttitle = {Revisiting {Social} {Theory} and {History} of {Science} in {Early} {Modern} {South} {Asia} and {Colonial} {India}},\n\tissn = {0754-5010, 2108-7105},\n\turl = {http://journals.openedition.org/extremeorient/315},\n\tdoi = {10.4000/extremeorient.315},\n\tabstract = {Historiographies of the sciences in Asia have undergone a major revision over the last three decades—inspired by changes in the social theory of science, a robust contextualism, and growing scholarship in local histories. These revisions have equally been an outcome of the mutual shaping of social theory and historical practices. Responding to the role of “itinerants,” be they scholars, missionaries, officials, or scientists in the circulation and transmission of knowledge in East Asia, the present essay synchronously moves to the geographical region of South Asia and attempts to draw the landscape of the circulation of knowledge in early modern and colonial South Asia. In the second part, it briefly instantiates the process of translation of modern mathematical knowledge in colonial India, illustrating the different strategies of legitimation of new knowledge in varied national and cultural contexts.},\n\tnumber = {36},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Historiographies, India, Postcolonial, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {191--210},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Historiographies of the sciences in Asia have undergone a major revision over the last three decades—inspired by changes in the social theory of science, a robust contextualism, and growing scholarship in local histories. These revisions have equally been an outcome of the mutual shaping of social theory and historical practices. Responding to the role of “itinerants,” be they scholars, missionaries, officials, or scientists in the circulation and transmission of knowledge in East Asia, the present essay synchronously moves to the geographical region of South Asia and attempts to draw the landscape of the circulation of knowledge in early modern and colonial South Asia. In the second part, it briefly instantiates the process of translation of modern mathematical knowledge in colonial India, illustrating the different strategies of legitimation of new knowledge in varied national and cultural contexts.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Colonial Medical Care in North India: Gender, State, and Society, c. 1830-1920.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sehrawat, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press India, New Delhi, November 2013.\n Google-Books-ID: fe4YngEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sehrawat_colonial_2013,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Colonial {Medical} {Care} in {North} {India}: {Gender}, {State}, and {Society}, c. 1830-1920},\n\tisbn = {9780198096603},\n\tshorttitle = {Colonial {Medical} {Care} in {North} {India}},\n\tabstract = {This book shows how medical care was introduced, expanded, and funded by the colonial state in north India. It engages with questions emerging from the new relationship that emerged between health and governance as the colonial state began to fund public dispensaries in 1838. How was medical care to be funded? Was the state responsible for providing medical care? What role were the voluntary and public sectors to play? Over the twentieth century, as the British state moved towards acknowledging the importance of medical care, the colonial state limited medical expenditure. The colonial state sought to transplant British forms of medical philanthropy to India with the aim of improving Indian society by instilling a sense of public spirit. Using a wide variety of government archives, private papers, newspapers, and non-official publications, Sehrawat analyses hospitals for male and female patients together for the first time. She shows that the failure of the Dufferin Fund to raise sufficient funds for a Women's Medical Service exposed the limitations of reliance on the voluntary sector for medical provision. Reform of army hospitals was also stalled by prioritizing economy over efficiency. The underfunding of colonial medical care left a legacy of poor medical provision, regional disparities, neglect of rural patients, and over-reliance on the private and voluntary sectors.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press India},\n\tauthor = {Sehrawat, Samiksha},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: fe4YngEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Medicine, History of Medicine, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book shows how medical care was introduced, expanded, and funded by the colonial state in north India. It engages with questions emerging from the new relationship that emerged between health and governance as the colonial state began to fund public dispensaries in 1838. How was medical care to be funded? Was the state responsible for providing medical care? What role were the voluntary and public sectors to play? Over the twentieth century, as the British state moved towards acknowledging the importance of medical care, the colonial state limited medical expenditure. The colonial state sought to transplant British forms of medical philanthropy to India with the aim of improving Indian society by instilling a sense of public spirit. Using a wide variety of government archives, private papers, newspapers, and non-official publications, Sehrawat analyses hospitals for male and female patients together for the first time. She shows that the failure of the Dufferin Fund to raise sufficient funds for a Women's Medical Service exposed the limitations of reliance on the voluntary sector for medical provision. Reform of army hospitals was also stalled by prioritizing economy over efficiency. The underfunding of colonial medical care left a legacy of poor medical provision, regional disparities, neglect of rural patients, and over-reliance on the private and voluntary sectors.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Food for Soil, Food for People: Research on Food Crops, Fertilizers, and the Making of \"Modern\" Indian Agriculture.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Saha, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 54(2): 289–316. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{saha_food_2013,\n\ttitle = {Food for {Soil}, {Food} for {People}: {Research} on {Food} {Crops}, {Fertilizers}, and the {Making} of "{Modern}" {Indian} {Agriculture}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tissn = {0040-165X},\n\tshorttitle = {Food for {Soil}, {Food} for {People}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24468016},\n\tabstract = {The focus of agricultural science in India undoubtedly changed in the mid-1960s, as it did elsewhere. It would, however, be naïve to explain the\n triumph of chemical fertilizers solely in term of their success in raising crop\n yields. It must also be understood in light of the work of those experts who\n persuasively argued in favor of technical solutions for the food-shortage\n problem rather than exploring its social and economic dimensions. It was\n the reformulation of agrarian problems as essentially a food problem, and\n the food problem as a matter of low yields, that bolstered chemical fertiliz\n ers' attraction and success. With the ensuing redefinition of "modern" agri\n culture as a transition from lower to higher levels of soil nutrients, the jug\n gernaut of chemical fertilizers could silence the arguments of its critics, the\n needs of small farmers, and any possible advantages of the eclectic re\n search model that preceded the green revol},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Saha, Madhumita},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Research, Agricultural Technology, India},\n\tpages = {289--316},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The focus of agricultural science in India undoubtedly changed in the mid-1960s, as it did elsewhere. It would, however, be naïve to explain the triumph of chemical fertilizers solely in term of their success in raising crop yields. It must also be understood in light of the work of those experts who persuasively argued in favor of technical solutions for the food-shortage problem rather than exploring its social and economic dimensions. It was the reformulation of agrarian problems as essentially a food problem, and the food problem as a matter of low yields, that bolstered chemical fertiliz ers' attraction and success. With the ensuing redefinition of \"modern\" agri culture as a transition from lower to higher levels of soil nutrients, the jug gernaut of chemical fertilizers could silence the arguments of its critics, the needs of small farmers, and any possible advantages of the eclectic re search model that preceded the green revol\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The State, Scientists, and Staple Crops: Agricultural “Modernization” in Pre–Green Revolution India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Saha, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Agricultural History, 87(2): 201–223. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{saha_state_2013,\n\ttitle = {The {State}, {Scientists}, and {Staple} {Crops}: {Agricultural} “{Modernization}” in {Pre}–{Green} {Revolution} {India}},\n\tvolume = {87},\n\tissn = {0002-1482},\n\tshorttitle = {The {State}, {Scientists}, and {Staple} {Crops}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3098/ah.2013.87.2.201},\n\tdoi = {10.3098/ah.2013.87.2.201},\n\tabstract = {This article explores the history of agricultural research in independent India in the context of Cold War politics, highlighting recurrent food crises and the drive for national modernization. It looks at the research conducted on rice and wheat at two of India's premier research institutes, the Indian Agricultural Research Institute and the Central Rice Research Institute. The article revises the argument that scientific research was of little importance to India's agricultural development policy before the coming of the capital- and chemical-intensive Green Revolution technology, by highlighting the scientific work done on uses of organic, cheaper, locally available seeds and manures. The essay further reinterprets the place of traditional agricultural practices in the context of the modernization imperative of a newly independent state.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {Agricultural History},\n\tauthor = {Saha, Madhumita},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Green Revolution in India, History of Technology, India, Technocracy},\n\tpages = {201--223},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article explores the history of agricultural research in independent India in the context of Cold War politics, highlighting recurrent food crises and the drive for national modernization. It looks at the research conducted on rice and wheat at two of India's premier research institutes, the Indian Agricultural Research Institute and the Central Rice Research Institute. The article revises the argument that scientific research was of little importance to India's agricultural development policy before the coming of the capital- and chemical-intensive Green Revolution technology, by highlighting the scientific work done on uses of organic, cheaper, locally available seeds and manures. The essay further reinterprets the place of traditional agricultural practices in the context of the modernization imperative of a newly independent state.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n In-Disciplining Jwarasur: The Folk/Classical Divide and Transmateriality of Fevers in Colonial Bengal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 50(3): 261–288. July 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_-disciplining_2013,\n\ttitle = {In-{Disciplining} {Jwarasur}: {The} {Folk}/{Classical} {Divide} and {Transmateriality} of {Fevers} in {Colonial} {Bengal}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\tshorttitle = {In-{Disciplining} {Jwarasur}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0019464613494619},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0019464613494619},\n\tabstract = {Extant scholarship on Jwarasur [the Fever-Demon] sees him as a colonial-era invention tied to the exigencies of colonial rule. Jwarasur is held to belong exclusively to the domain of Bengali ‘folk medicine’ rather than ‘classical Ayurveda’. We challenge both these contentions and draw four inter-related inferences. First, we posit that Jwarasur was not alien to classical Ayurvedic medicine. Second, we claim that Jwarasur was significant to the way Ayurvedic physicians negotiated fever. Third, we trace the invention of the folk/classical divide under colonial modernity. Finally, we posit that the divide inspired new reading strategies through which modernising Ayurvedists sought to expunge the transmateriality of Jwarasur. Jwarasur, we find, was constantly re-embedded into multiple heterogeneous traditions of medical and religio-moral practice. These diverse embeddings actively militate against the existence of any corpuscular ‘systems’ called ‘folk’ or ‘classical’ medicine. Rather Jwarasur is a common figure that networks a number of heterogeneous, amorphous domains. The extant disciplinary protocols of History, Anthropology, etc., however, are blind to this networked past and hence keep alive the colonial distinctions of ‘folk’ and ‘classical’. Our critical history contrapuntally, seeks to restore the promiscuity of these corpuscular fields and historicise the divisions that distinguish them.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Fever, Folk Medicine, History of Medicine, India},\n\tpages = {261--288},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Extant scholarship on Jwarasur [the Fever-Demon] sees him as a colonial-era invention tied to the exigencies of colonial rule. Jwarasur is held to belong exclusively to the domain of Bengali ‘folk medicine’ rather than ‘classical Ayurveda’. We challenge both these contentions and draw four inter-related inferences. First, we posit that Jwarasur was not alien to classical Ayurvedic medicine. Second, we claim that Jwarasur was significant to the way Ayurvedic physicians negotiated fever. Third, we trace the invention of the folk/classical divide under colonial modernity. Finally, we posit that the divide inspired new reading strategies through which modernising Ayurvedists sought to expunge the transmateriality of Jwarasur. Jwarasur, we find, was constantly re-embedded into multiple heterogeneous traditions of medical and religio-moral practice. These diverse embeddings actively militate against the existence of any corpuscular ‘systems’ called ‘folk’ or ‘classical’ medicine. Rather Jwarasur is a common figure that networks a number of heterogeneous, amorphous domains. The extant disciplinary protocols of History, Anthropology, etc., however, are blind to this networked past and hence keep alive the colonial distinctions of ‘folk’ and ‘classical’. Our critical history contrapuntally, seeks to restore the promiscuity of these corpuscular fields and historicise the divisions that distinguish them.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Building the Empire, Building the Nation: Development, Legitimacy, and Hydro-Politics in Sind, 1919-1969.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Haines, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n OUP Pakistan, October 2013.\n Google-Books-ID: N8WTngEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{haines_building_2013,\n\ttitle = {Building the {Empire}, {Building} the {Nation}: {Development}, {Legitimacy}, and {Hydro}-{Politics} in {Sind}, 1919-1969},\n\tisbn = {9780199068487},\n\tshorttitle = {Building the {Empire}, {Building} the {Nation}},\n\tabstract = {European empires disintegrated during the twentieth century, leaving newly-formed postcolonial states in their wake. In this turbulent period, governments sought new political idioms to support their claims to legitimacy as modern states. In Sindh, a part of British India and (later) of Pakistan, the late colonial and early post-colonial states combined major attempts to control the natural environment with a serious engagement with representative politics in their bid for legitimacy. The construction of three barrage dams across the River Indus, along with a network of irrigation canals, enacted human control over nature as a political project; while the complicated relationship between bureaucracies and legislatures moved towards a democratic ideal after the First World War. This book examines tensions between representative and developmental sources of state legitimacy. It argues that the democratic trend of constitutional changes during the middle of the century conflicted with the authoritarian economic imperatives of the barrage projects, which Sindh's rulers believed to be necessary for the projects' successful execution. The barrage projects were based on the concept, endorsed by British officials and their Pakistani successors, that material progress would bring prosperity and happiness to Sindh. Both the colonial and post-colonial governments capitalized on the projects' rhetorical potential, creating a discourse in which the modern state's unique ability to mobilize scientific expertise in the public good justified its rule. This book argues that the late colonial and early postcolonial states had a great deal in common. It demonstrates this contention by highlighting similarities between the actions and rhetoric of governments before and after Partition in building and managing the barrage projects. The changing relationships between rulers, politicians and rural magnates between the 1920s and 1960s were intertwined with the rising idea that the state was responsible for promoting material progress, as well as the idea of extending political participation among Sindhis. Moreover, groups of Sindhi politicians appropriated discourses of science and development during the 1920s and 1930s, and used them to compete with the British-controlled state and with each other. This was the basis for the government's enthusiasm for development projects such as new barrages in early Pakistan, and ensured that contemporary development's state-centric tendencies remained strong. Based on archival material gathered in Pakistan, India, the UK and the USA, the book fills a gap in historical writing on modern Sindh, particularly after Partition; and contributes to scholarship on the modern state (particularly in the South Asian context). It engages, too, with the rising field of environmental history, and emphasizes the politics of the exploitation of the natural world. The book provides a counterpoint to the trend in South Asian historiography over the last twenty years of focusing on identity politics and, more recently, the 'everyday state': instead, it asserts the continued importance of broader analysis of how modern states have engaged with large-scale infrastructural development in conjunction with constitutional change. It also explores, in a Pakistani context, themes that writers on India have raised in relation to dams and development.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {OUP Pakistan},\n\tauthor = {Haines, Daniel},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: N8WTngEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Pakistan, Sindh},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n European empires disintegrated during the twentieth century, leaving newly-formed postcolonial states in their wake. In this turbulent period, governments sought new political idioms to support their claims to legitimacy as modern states. In Sindh, a part of British India and (later) of Pakistan, the late colonial and early post-colonial states combined major attempts to control the natural environment with a serious engagement with representative politics in their bid for legitimacy. The construction of three barrage dams across the River Indus, along with a network of irrigation canals, enacted human control over nature as a political project; while the complicated relationship between bureaucracies and legislatures moved towards a democratic ideal after the First World War. This book examines tensions between representative and developmental sources of state legitimacy. It argues that the democratic trend of constitutional changes during the middle of the century conflicted with the authoritarian economic imperatives of the barrage projects, which Sindh's rulers believed to be necessary for the projects' successful execution. The barrage projects were based on the concept, endorsed by British officials and their Pakistani successors, that material progress would bring prosperity and happiness to Sindh. Both the colonial and post-colonial governments capitalized on the projects' rhetorical potential, creating a discourse in which the modern state's unique ability to mobilize scientific expertise in the public good justified its rule. This book argues that the late colonial and early postcolonial states had a great deal in common. It demonstrates this contention by highlighting similarities between the actions and rhetoric of governments before and after Partition in building and managing the barrage projects. The changing relationships between rulers, politicians and rural magnates between the 1920s and 1960s were intertwined with the rising idea that the state was responsible for promoting material progress, as well as the idea of extending political participation among Sindhis. Moreover, groups of Sindhi politicians appropriated discourses of science and development during the 1920s and 1930s, and used them to compete with the British-controlled state and with each other. This was the basis for the government's enthusiasm for development projects such as new barrages in early Pakistan, and ensured that contemporary development's state-centric tendencies remained strong. Based on archival material gathered in Pakistan, India, the UK and the USA, the book fills a gap in historical writing on modern Sindh, particularly after Partition; and contributes to scholarship on the modern state (particularly in the South Asian context). It engages, too, with the rising field of environmental history, and emphasizes the politics of the exploitation of the natural world. The book provides a counterpoint to the trend in South Asian historiography over the last twenty years of focusing on identity politics and, more recently, the 'everyday state': instead, it asserts the continued importance of broader analysis of how modern states have engaged with large-scale infrastructural development in conjunction with constitutional change. It also explores, in a Pakistani context, themes that writers on India have raised in relation to dams and development.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Public Understanding of Science: Glimpses of the Past and Roads Ahead.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raza, G.; Singh, S.; and Kumar, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Schiele, B.; Claessens, M.; and Shi, S., editor(s), Science Communication in the World: Practices, Theories and Trends, pages 139–150. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{raza_public_2012,\n\taddress = {Dordrecht},\n\ttitle = {Public {Understanding} of {Science}: {Glimpses} of the {Past} and {Roads} {Ahead}},\n\tisbn = {9789400742796},\n\tshorttitle = {Public {Understanding} of {Science}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4279-6_9},\n\tabstract = {This chapter gives a historical account of turning points that mark the ever-changing relationship between modern science and the public at large. Scholars recognize the importance of that, but assert that there is a growing gap between the scientist’s way of configuring nature and the people’s world view. This led to an intense debate about the science–technology–society relationship. The chapter then examines the development of science communication in India and similar countries, the science–technology–society relationship followed a trajectory that was not rooted in the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. Modern science was alien and had to be learned and mastered by natives. The realization that science and technology are essential to improve conditions for Indians marked the first phase of science popularization. In the second phase, propagating science among the general public and building scientific institutions were seen as essential parts of the national struggle for freedom. In the third phase, science and technology and their acceptance among the masses were considered necessary for building a modern and self-reliant nation. The chapter then gives an account of the past 30 years of research experience in the Indian context and discusses the cultural distance model for analyzing public understanding of science. It also discusses the efficacy and limitations of empirical methods of measuring cultural distance.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-09-15},\n\tbooktitle = {Science {Communication} in the {World}: {Practices}, {Theories} and {Trends}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Netherlands},\n\tauthor = {Raza, Gauhar and Singh, Surjit and Kumar, P.V.S.},\n\teditor = {Schiele, Bernard and Claessens, Michel and Shi, Shunke},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-94-007-4279-6_9},\n\tkeywords = {NGOs, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science Communication, Science and Democracy, Scientific Temper},\n\tpages = {139--150},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This chapter gives a historical account of turning points that mark the ever-changing relationship between modern science and the public at large. Scholars recognize the importance of that, but assert that there is a growing gap between the scientist’s way of configuring nature and the people’s world view. This led to an intense debate about the science–technology–society relationship. The chapter then examines the development of science communication in India and similar countries, the science–technology–society relationship followed a trajectory that was not rooted in the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. Modern science was alien and had to be learned and mastered by natives. The realization that science and technology are essential to improve conditions for Indians marked the first phase of science popularization. In the second phase, propagating science among the general public and building scientific institutions were seen as essential parts of the national struggle for freedom. In the third phase, science and technology and their acceptance among the masses were considered necessary for building a modern and self-reliant nation. The chapter then gives an account of the past 30 years of research experience in the Indian context and discusses the cultural distance model for analyzing public understanding of science. It also discusses the efficacy and limitations of empirical methods of measuring cultural distance.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Negotiating Nonalignment: Dilemmas Attendant on Initiating Pharmaceutical Production in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 53(1): 37–60. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyabji_negotiating_2012,\n\ttitle = {Negotiating {Nonalignment}: {Dilemmas} {Attendant} on {Initiating} {Pharmaceutical} {Production} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {1097-3729},\n\tshorttitle = {Negotiating {Nonalignment}},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/466779},\n\tabstract = {This article discusses the processes typically underlying the Indian government’s technological choices in the mid 1950s, with a case study of the pharmaceutical industry. It argues that questions of the future development of India’s pharmaceutical industry were impacted by debates over placing it in the public or private sector, and over securing finance from the government’s own budget, from transnational corporations, or through Soviet aid. A close scrutiny of the trajectory of these debates reveals how the highly contested conception of the required scope of the production process finally emerged. This scope then determined why, when faced with an offer from the USSR for an integrated pharmaceutical complex also manufacturing dye intermediates; and from the German conglomerate Bayer for a standalone plant for chemical intermediates, both for drugs and dyes, the Indian government decided to accept the Bayer proposal.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, Industrialisation, Industry, Nehru, Jawaharlal, Nehruvian Science, Post-Independence India, R\\&D Policy, Technology Transfer, USSR},\n\tpages = {37--60},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article discusses the processes typically underlying the Indian government’s technological choices in the mid 1950s, with a case study of the pharmaceutical industry. It argues that questions of the future development of India’s pharmaceutical industry were impacted by debates over placing it in the public or private sector, and over securing finance from the government’s own budget, from transnational corporations, or through Soviet aid. A close scrutiny of the trajectory of these debates reveals how the highly contested conception of the required scope of the production process finally emerged. This scope then determined why, when faced with an offer from the USSR for an integrated pharmaceutical complex also manufacturing dye intermediates; and from the German conglomerate Bayer for a standalone plant for chemical intermediates, both for drugs and dyes, the Indian government decided to accept the Bayer proposal.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Where are the Missing Masses? The Quasi-Publics and Non-Publics of Technoscience.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Minerva, 50(2): 239–254. June 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{varughese_where_2012,\n\ttitle = {Where are the {Missing} {Masses}? {The} {Quasi}-{Publics} and {Non}-{Publics} of {Technoscience}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {1573-1871},\n\tshorttitle = {Where are the {Missing} {Masses}?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-012-9197-3},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11024-012-9197-3},\n\tabstract = {The paper offers a political-philosophical analysis of the state and publics in the age of technoscience to propose three distinct categories of publics: scientific-citizen publics constituted by civil society, quasi-publics that initiate another kind of engagement through the activation of ‘political society,’ and non-publics cast outside these spheres of engagement. This re-categorization is possible when the central role of the state in its citizens’ engagement with technoscience is put upfront and the non-Western empirical contexts are taken seriously by Science, Technology and Policy (STP) studies. The paper argues that in most of the world the state maintains a political contract with technoscience to form a functional coupling as the state-technoscience duo, which shapes public engagement with science through different functional modalities of government. Civil society is the sphere of legitimate engagement and participation in technoscientific issues for the scientific-citizen publics. The quasi-publics choose to be in the shady zone of political society establishing a paralegal relationship with the state-technoscience duo, while the non-publics come into being due to conditions of extra-legality created by the duo. The non-publics are implicated in the political community paradoxically as an excluded category who cannot be included in deliberation because of their status as being expelled from political community in a ‘state of exception.’ The paper proposes that the scientific-citizen publics are mobilized in contrast to the quasi-publics and with reference to the non-publics, helping STP studies to identify the ‘missing masses’ of technoscience.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-03},\n\tjournal = {Minerva},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Biopower, Citizenship, Deliberative Democracy, Democracy, Disasters, Governmentality, India, Kerala, Kudankulam, Pesticide, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Social Contract of Science, Tamil Nadu},\n\tpages = {239--254},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The paper offers a political-philosophical analysis of the state and publics in the age of technoscience to propose three distinct categories of publics: scientific-citizen publics constituted by civil society, quasi-publics that initiate another kind of engagement through the activation of ‘political society,’ and non-publics cast outside these spheres of engagement. This re-categorization is possible when the central role of the state in its citizens’ engagement with technoscience is put upfront and the non-Western empirical contexts are taken seriously by Science, Technology and Policy (STP) studies. The paper argues that in most of the world the state maintains a political contract with technoscience to form a functional coupling as the state-technoscience duo, which shapes public engagement with science through different functional modalities of government. Civil society is the sphere of legitimate engagement and participation in technoscientific issues for the scientific-citizen publics. The quasi-publics choose to be in the shady zone of political society establishing a paralegal relationship with the state-technoscience duo, while the non-publics come into being due to conditions of extra-legality created by the duo. The non-publics are implicated in the political community paradoxically as an excluded category who cannot be included in deliberation because of their status as being expelled from political community in a ‘state of exception.’ The paper proposes that the scientific-citizen publics are mobilized in contrast to the quasi-publics and with reference to the non-publics, helping STP studies to identify the ‘missing masses’ of technoscience.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Medicall Pluralism in Contemporary India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sujatha, V.; and Abraham, L.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient Blackswan, Hyderabad, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{sujatha_medicall_2012,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {Medicall {Pluralism} in {Contemporary} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788125045014},\n\turl = {https://www.orientblackswan.com/details?id=9788125045014},\n\tabstract = {Medical Pluralism in Contemporary India questions the dominant view of indigenous systems of medicine as cultural remnants of a traditional past. It points out that their practitioners greatly outnumber those of biomedicine (allopathy) and explores the reasons behind the enduring presence and importance of health care traditions such as ayurveda, siddha and unani.\n\nThe authors go beyond simplistic distinctions like traditional–modern and science–culture. They draw attention to the possibility of bridging the divide between knowledge systems, and prepare the ground for a socially and culturally inclusive approach to healing and health care.\n\nAspects of commercialisation and globalisation of traditional medicines are also examined.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tpublisher = {Orient Blackswan},\n\teditor = {Sujatha, V. and Abraham, Leena},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Epistemic Pluralism, India, Sociology of Medicine, Unani},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Medical Pluralism in Contemporary India questions the dominant view of indigenous systems of medicine as cultural remnants of a traditional past. It points out that their practitioners greatly outnumber those of biomedicine (allopathy) and explores the reasons behind the enduring presence and importance of health care traditions such as ayurveda, siddha and unani. The authors go beyond simplistic distinctions like traditional–modern and science–culture. They draw attention to the possibility of bridging the divide between knowledge systems, and prepare the ground for a socially and culturally inclusive approach to healing and health care. Aspects of commercialisation and globalisation of traditional medicines are also examined.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Queerness of Creation: Science, Religion and Human Sexuality.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Gurukul Journal of Theological Studies, 23(2): 41–55. January 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{varughese_queerness_2012,\n\ttitle = {The {Queerness} of {Creation}: {Science}, {Religion} and {Human} {Sexuality}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tabstract = {The absence of a rigorous attempt to examine how nature is scientifically interpreted has grave consequences for the current theological debate on human sexuality. Although contemporary theology approaches human sexuality beyond the norms of heterosexuality, it either avoids a deeper engagement with the scientific discourses on sexuality, or uncritically accepts the dominant scientific positions. This paper is an attempt to initiate a critical engagement with science and its understanding of human body and sexuality for contemporary theology, informed by the Feminist Studies of Science which traces the gender relations of scientific knowledge production.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Gurukul Journal of Theological Studies},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Background Assumptions, Donna Haraway, Feminist STS, Primatology, Science and Religion, Science and Theology},\n\tpages = {41--55},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The absence of a rigorous attempt to examine how nature is scientifically interpreted has grave consequences for the current theological debate on human sexuality. Although contemporary theology approaches human sexuality beyond the norms of heterosexuality, it either avoids a deeper engagement with the scientific discourses on sexuality, or uncritically accepts the dominant scientific positions. This paper is an attempt to initiate a critical engagement with science and its understanding of human body and sexuality for contemporary theology, informed by the Feminist Studies of Science which traces the gender relations of scientific knowledge production.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mobilising Discourses: Handloom as Sustainable Socio-Technology.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mamidipudi, A.; Shyamasundari, B; and Bijker, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 47(25): 41–51. June 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{mamidipudi_mobilising_2012,\n\ttitle = {Mobilising {Discourses}: {Handloom} as {Sustainable} {Socio}-{Technology}},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/23215032},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {25},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Mamidipudi, Annapurna and Shyamasundari, B and Bijker, Wiebe},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Artisanal Knowledge, Communities, Handloom, India, Socio-technical system, Sociology of Technology, Technological innovation, Technology \\& Society, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {41--51},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Pharmaceutical Crises and Questions of Value: Terrains and Logics of Global Therapeutic Politics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rajan, K. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Atlantic Quarterly, 111(2): 321–346. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{rajan_pharmaceutical_2012,\n\ttitle = {Pharmaceutical {Crises} and {Questions} of {Value}: {Terrains} and {Logics} of {Global} {Therapeutic} {Politics}},\n\tvolume = {111},\n\turl = {https://read.dukeupress.edu/south-atlantic-quarterly/article-abstract/111/2/321/3586/Pharmaceutical-Crises-and-Questions-of-Value},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1548239},\n\tabstract = {In this essay, I explore how the contemporary global terrain of drug development is constituted by different logics of crisis. I explore this terrain through an empirical focus on pharmaceutical logics and politics in the United States and India today, which are constituted, at the very least, by interrelations between multinational corporate interests, the local generic drug industry, neoliberal patient consumers, marginalized experimental subjects of clinical trials, and global civil society advocates for access to essential medicines. My argument is that the constitutive state of crisis experienced by all these entities (though in different ways and with different stakes) is a consequence of the playing out of structural logics of global capital and biocapital. These logics are constituted by the value systems of speculative capitalism; the instrument of intellectual property; the imperatives of the globalization of biomedicine; and the way in which health itself comes to be appropriated by capital as a source of value. In the process, I suggest that value in biocapital itself needs to be conceptualized.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {South Atlantic Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Rajan, Kaushik Sunder},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Biocapitalism, Biomedicine, Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, India, USA},\n\tpages = {321--346},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this essay, I explore how the contemporary global terrain of drug development is constituted by different logics of crisis. I explore this terrain through an empirical focus on pharmaceutical logics and politics in the United States and India today, which are constituted, at the very least, by interrelations between multinational corporate interests, the local generic drug industry, neoliberal patient consumers, marginalized experimental subjects of clinical trials, and global civil society advocates for access to essential medicines. My argument is that the constitutive state of crisis experienced by all these entities (though in different ways and with different stakes) is a consequence of the playing out of structural logics of global capital and biocapital. These logics are constituted by the value systems of speculative capitalism; the instrument of intellectual property; the imperatives of the globalization of biomedicine; and the way in which health itself comes to be appropriated by capital as a source of value. In the process, I suggest that value in biocapital itself needs to be conceptualized.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Jihad Or Ijtihad : Religious Orthodoxy and Modern Science In Contemporay Islam.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, S. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n HarperCollins Publishers India, September 2012.\n Google-Books-ID: rXy7lAEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{habib_jihad_2012,\n\ttitle = {Jihad {Or} {Ijtihad} : {Religious} {Orthodoxy} and {Modern} {Science} {In} {Contemporay} {Islam}},\n\tisbn = {9789350293751},\n\tshorttitle = {Jihad {Or} {Ijtihad}},\n\tabstract = {While Europe was still stuck in the Dark Ages, scientists in the Islamic world were tranlsating Aristotle, and making huge strides in astronomy, mathematics and philosophy. Two thousand years later, the idea of 'scientific progress' seems to be locked in a hopeless war with Islam. When and how did Islam lose its enthusiasm for the workings of the natural world? S. Irfan Habib, one of the country's foremost historians, traces teh trajectomy of how 'mainstream' Islam came to question modern science - beginning with the reformers of the nineteenth century and ending with present-day idealogoues. Through the lives of famous men like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, he demonstrates that the modern-day promulagtion of Islam and its followers as 'anti-modern' and 'anti-science' is a myth that leads, quite literally, to explosives consequences. Habib also channels his scholarship to both history and Islam to question the controversial idea of 'Islamic science' as a category distinct from 'modern', 'Eurocentric' science. In an engaging, easy style that belies the weightiness of the questions it seeks to answer, Jihad or Itijihad challenges both stereotypes and propaganda. This book places in perspective the relationship between Islam and science today.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {HarperCollins Publishers India},\n\tauthor = {Habib, S. Irfan},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: rXy7lAEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Domestication of science, Science and Religion, Social History of Science, Social reform},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n While Europe was still stuck in the Dark Ages, scientists in the Islamic world were tranlsating Aristotle, and making huge strides in astronomy, mathematics and philosophy. Two thousand years later, the idea of 'scientific progress' seems to be locked in a hopeless war with Islam. When and how did Islam lose its enthusiasm for the workings of the natural world? S. Irfan Habib, one of the country's foremost historians, traces teh trajectomy of how 'mainstream' Islam came to question modern science - beginning with the reformers of the nineteenth century and ending with present-day idealogoues. Through the lives of famous men like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, he demonstrates that the modern-day promulagtion of Islam and its followers as 'anti-modern' and 'anti-science' is a myth that leads, quite literally, to explosives consequences. Habib also channels his scholarship to both history and Islam to question the controversial idea of 'Islamic science' as a category distinct from 'modern', 'Eurocentric' science. In an engaging, easy style that belies the weightiness of the questions it seeks to answer, Jihad or Itijihad challenges both stereotypes and propaganda. This book places in perspective the relationship between Islam and science today.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Indigo Plantations and Science in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, August 2012.\n Google-Books-ID: OldjkdRrKXAC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kumar_indigo_2012,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Indigo {Plantations} and {Science} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781107023253},\n\tabstract = {Prakash Kumar documents the history of agricultural indigo, exploring the effects of nineteenth-century globalization on a colonial industry in South Asia. Kumar discusses how the knowledge of indigo culture thrived among peasant traditions on the Indian subcontinent in the early modern period. Caribbean planters and French naturalists then developed and codified this knowledge into widely disseminated texts. European planters who began to settle in Bengal with the establishment of British rule in the third quarter of the eighteenth century drew on this network of information. Through the nineteenth century, indigo culture in Bengal became more modern, science-based, and expert driven. When a cheaper and purer synthetic indigo was created in 1897, the planters and the colonial state established laboratories to find ways to cheapen the cost of the agricultural dye and improve its purity. This indigo science crossed paths with the colonial state's effort to develop a science for agricultural development. For two decades, natural indigo survived the competition of the industrial substitute. The indigo industry's optimism faded only at the end of the First World War, when German proprietary knowledge of synthetic indigo became widely available and the industrial use of synthetic indigo for textile dyeing and printing became almost universal.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Prakash},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: OldjkdRrKXAC},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Colonial India, Crafts \\& Hobbies / Dye, India, Laboratory Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Prakash Kumar documents the history of agricultural indigo, exploring the effects of nineteenth-century globalization on a colonial industry in South Asia. Kumar discusses how the knowledge of indigo culture thrived among peasant traditions on the Indian subcontinent in the early modern period. Caribbean planters and French naturalists then developed and codified this knowledge into widely disseminated texts. European planters who began to settle in Bengal with the establishment of British rule in the third quarter of the eighteenth century drew on this network of information. Through the nineteenth century, indigo culture in Bengal became more modern, science-based, and expert driven. When a cheaper and purer synthetic indigo was created in 1897, the planters and the colonial state established laboratories to find ways to cheapen the cost of the agricultural dye and improve its purity. This indigo science crossed paths with the colonial state's effort to develop a science for agricultural development. For two decades, natural indigo survived the competition of the industrial substitute. The indigo industry's optimism faded only at the end of the First World War, when German proprietary knowledge of synthetic indigo became widely available and the industrial use of synthetic indigo for textile dyeing and printing became almost universal.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Risk and Trust: Collectivising Private Groundwater Borewells in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ravindra, A.; and Raina, R. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Innovation and Development, 2(1): 189–191. April 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ravindra_risk_2012,\n\ttitle = {Risk and {Trust}: {Collectivising} {Private} {Groundwater} {Borewells} in {Anantapur}, {Andhra} {Pradesh}, {India}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {2157-930X, 2157-9318},\n\tshorttitle = {Risk and trust},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/2157930X.2012.675143},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/2157930X.2012.675143},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-07},\n\tjournal = {Innovation and Development},\n\tauthor = {Ravindra, A. and Raina, Rajeswari S.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Andhra Pradesh, Governance, Groundwater Over-exploitation, India, Privatisation, Risk Governance, Trust In Science, Water, Water politics},\n\tpages = {189--191},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Infectious Disease in India, 1892-1940: Policy-Making and the Perception of Risk.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Polu L., S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Springer, Basingstoke and New York, April 2012.\n Google-Books-ID: zP085uRfyZYC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{polu_l_infectious_2012,\n\taddress = {Basingstoke and New York},\n\ttitle = {Infectious {Disease} in {India}, 1892-1940: {Policy}-{Making} and the {Perception} of {Risk}},\n\tisbn = {9781137009326},\n\tshorttitle = {Infectious {Disease} in {India}, 1892-1940},\n\tabstract = {Using case studies of cholera, plague, malaria, and yellow fever, this book analyzes how factors such as public health diplomacy, trade, imperial governance, medical technologies, and cultural norms operated within global and colonial conceptions of political and epidemiological risk to shape infectious disease policies in colonial India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Springer},\n\tauthor = {Polu L., Sandhya},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: zP085uRfyZYC},\n\tkeywords = {History, India, Policy making, Risk Governance},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Using case studies of cholera, plague, malaria, and yellow fever, this book analyzes how factors such as public health diplomacy, trade, imperial governance, medical technologies, and cultural norms operated within global and colonial conceptions of political and epidemiological risk to shape infectious disease policies in colonial India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Raja Serfoji II: Science, Medicine and Enlightenment in Tanjore.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nair, S. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, London, New York & New Delhi, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{nair_raja_2012,\n\taddress = {London, New York \\& New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Raja {Serfoji} {II}: {Science}, {Medicine} and {Enlightenment} in {Tanjore}},\n\tisbn = {9781138043084},\n\tshorttitle = {Raja {Serfoji} {II}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Raja-Serfoji-II-Science-Medicine-and-Enlightenment-in-Tanjore/Nair/p/book/9780415535045},\n\tabstract = {n the early nineteenth century, the south Indian kingdom of Tanjore, which had come under the control of the East India Company, flourished as a ‘centre’ of enlightenment. This book traces the contours of the Tanjore enlightenment, which produced a knowledge that was at once modern and deeply rooted in the indigenous tradition. The chief protagonist of this first ever full-length study on Tanjore at the turn of the nineteenth century is Raja Serfoji II (r. 1798–1832), in whose world science and God coexisted comfortably.\n\nTanjore at this time was a thriving contact-zone, linked to several centres through extensive local and global networks. Its court attracted a great number of visitors, including Christian missionaries, high-ranking Company officials, princely contemporaries, naturalists, and medical practitioners. Dwelling on the locatedness of science and enlightenment modernity in the context of the colonial periphery, the book describes how the Raja deployed certain ‘vectors of assemblage’ — an array of practices, instruments, theories and people, including his vast collection of manuscripts, books and scientific instruments, a Devanagari printing press, a menagerie, health establishments and a large retinue of trained experts and artists — to invent Tanjore as a contemporary ‘centre’.\n\nShunning reductionist and diffusionist explanations of the transmission of Western science in colonial settings, the study uses hitherto unexplored archival sources to reconstruct the Tanjore enlightenment as the outcome of globally situated cross-cultural exchanges. It celebrates the openness and confidence with which European science was engaged with, assimilated, translated and reinvented in a ‘contact-zone’ located in the colonial backwaters of south India.\n\nThe book will be of interest to historians, sociologists and those interested in history of science and medicine, anthropologists, cultural studies scholars, as well as the general reader.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Nair, Savithri Preetha},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Enlightenment, The, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, Medicine, Natural Philosphy, Public Health, Social History of Knowledge, Tamil Nadu, Tanjore},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n n the early nineteenth century, the south Indian kingdom of Tanjore, which had come under the control of the East India Company, flourished as a ‘centre’ of enlightenment. This book traces the contours of the Tanjore enlightenment, which produced a knowledge that was at once modern and deeply rooted in the indigenous tradition. The chief protagonist of this first ever full-length study on Tanjore at the turn of the nineteenth century is Raja Serfoji II (r. 1798–1832), in whose world science and God coexisted comfortably. Tanjore at this time was a thriving contact-zone, linked to several centres through extensive local and global networks. Its court attracted a great number of visitors, including Christian missionaries, high-ranking Company officials, princely contemporaries, naturalists, and medical practitioners. Dwelling on the locatedness of science and enlightenment modernity in the context of the colonial periphery, the book describes how the Raja deployed certain ‘vectors of assemblage’ — an array of practices, instruments, theories and people, including his vast collection of manuscripts, books and scientific instruments, a Devanagari printing press, a menagerie, health establishments and a large retinue of trained experts and artists — to invent Tanjore as a contemporary ‘centre’. Shunning reductionist and diffusionist explanations of the transmission of Western science in colonial settings, the study uses hitherto unexplored archival sources to reconstruct the Tanjore enlightenment as the outcome of globally situated cross-cultural exchanges. It celebrates the openness and confidence with which European science was engaged with, assimilated, translated and reinvented in a ‘contact-zone’ located in the colonial backwaters of south India. The book will be of interest to historians, sociologists and those interested in history of science and medicine, anthropologists, cultural studies scholars, as well as the general reader.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Early Modern Natural History: Contributions from the Americas and India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kochhar, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Biosciences, 37(6): 937–947. December 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kochhar_early_2012,\n\ttitle = {Early {Modern} {Natural} {History}: {Contributions} from the {Americas} and {India}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0973-7138},\n\tshorttitle = {Early modern natural history},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s12038-012-9272-9},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Biosciences},\n\tauthor = {Kochhar, Rajesh},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpmid = {23151783},\n\tkeywords = {16th Century, 17th Century, Americas, Comparative Analysis, Early modern, India, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {937--947},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n History of Science and Philosophy of Science: A Philosophical Perspective of the Logic of Ideas in Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sengupta, P. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 13 (7) of History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian CivilizationLongman, Delhi, Chennai & Chandigarh, 2012.\n Google-Books-ID: VNc9QvzCfLYC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sengupta_history_2012,\n\taddress = {Delhi, Chennai \\& Chandigarh},\n\tseries = {History of {Science}, {Philosophy} and {Culture} in {Indian} {Civilization}},\n\ttitle = {History of {Science} and {Philosophy} of {Science}: {A} {Philosophical} {Perspective} of the {Logic} of {Ideas} in {Science}},\n\tvolume = {13 (7)},\n\tisbn = {9788131719312},\n\tshorttitle = {History of {Science} and {Philosophy} of {Science}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/History_of_Science_and_Philosophy_of_Sci/VNc9QvzCfLYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=sundar+sarukkai&pg=PA295&printsec=frontcover},\n\tabstract = {Contributed articles.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Longman},\n\tauthor = {Sengupta, Pradip Kumar},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: VNc9QvzCfLYC},\n\tkeywords = {Indian Philosophy, Logic, Philosophy and Science, Philosophy of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Contributed articles.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hazard Concerns: MIC at Bhopal and Virginia and the Indian Nuclear Liability Act.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 47(41): 41–50. October 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyabji_hazard_2012,\n\ttitle = {Hazard {Concerns}: {MIC} at {Bhopal} and {Virginia} and the {Indian} {Nuclear} {Liability} {Act}},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tabstract = {Oblivious to the anger and outrage expressed throughout the world after the methyl isocyanate leak in December 1984, the continued storage of MIC at the parent West Virginia plant until 2011, despite several accidents, indicates the limited effect of public safety concerns on corporate strategy. As in India, neither the US executive nor the judiciary seemed capable of withstanding pressures exerted by the chemical processing industry. This is an ongoing story of struggle. What gave Bhopal a fresh salience in the public mind was the Indian government's proposal to buy nuclear power reactors from the US, and to agree to legislation which would satisfy US manufacturers of the limits to their liability. Disconcertingly for the government, the Bhopal chief judicial magistrate's judgment in 2010 led to an explosion of public fury, forcing the government to introduce clauses in the nuclear liability legislation laying down responsibility on the technology supplier. If organic chemicals have awakened the world to the dangers of chemical substances, Bhopal brought home the fraught nature of industrial processes involving exothermic reactions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {41},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Governance, India, Industrialisation, Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear energy, Risk Governance, Technology \\& Society, Technology Assessment},\n\tpages = {41--50},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Oblivious to the anger and outrage expressed throughout the world after the methyl isocyanate leak in December 1984, the continued storage of MIC at the parent West Virginia plant until 2011, despite several accidents, indicates the limited effect of public safety concerns on corporate strategy. As in India, neither the US executive nor the judiciary seemed capable of withstanding pressures exerted by the chemical processing industry. This is an ongoing story of struggle. What gave Bhopal a fresh salience in the public mind was the Indian government's proposal to buy nuclear power reactors from the US, and to agree to legislation which would satisfy US manufacturers of the limits to their liability. Disconcertingly for the government, the Bhopal chief judicial magistrate's judgment in 2010 led to an explosion of public fury, forcing the government to introduce clauses in the nuclear liability legislation laying down responsibility on the technology supplier. If organic chemicals have awakened the world to the dangers of chemical substances, Bhopal brought home the fraught nature of industrial processes involving exothermic reactions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rationalising Bt Technology: Creating a Biopolitical Space Around Bt Cotton.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History and Sociology of South Asia, 6(2): 123–145. July 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_rationalising_2012,\n\ttitle = {Rationalising {Bt} {Technology}: {Creating} a {Biopolitical} {Space} {Around} {Bt} {Cotton}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {2230-8075, 2249-5312},\n\tshorttitle = {Rationalising {Bt} {Technology}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/223080751100600203},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/223080751100600203},\n\tabstract = {Sociologists have long recognised rationalisation as a process through which a universally applicable technical code crystallises as technological rationality of a modern society. This article challenges such essentialist theories that offer deterministic and universal generalisations about such abstract categories as technical rationality. Rather it suggests that technical rationality in itself is constructed by a network of actors in a specific context. This article analyses the historical moment of the introduction of Bt cotton in India, in 2002, in order to explore how the technical rationality guiding the introduction of Bt technology was itself constructed by a network of neoliberal actors. In doing so, the article reveals the political economy of this technology at both the discursive and institutional levels. Here, rationalisation is defined as a biopolitical process whereby a host of neoliberal actors used discursive framings and institutional strategies in order to create a hospitable environment for an imported Bt technology. The article argues that a hegemonic capitalist rationale guided the adoption of Bt cotton through the 2002 policy decision. The construction of this context-specific rationale led to the emergence of a global agbiotech industry at the local level, which, in turn, further strengthened the state-biotechnology-market nexus.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {History and Sociology of South Asia},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Sunita},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Biotechnology, Bt Cotton, Capitalism, GMOs, Market and Innovation, Sociology of Science, Sociology of Technology, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {123--145},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Sociologists have long recognised rationalisation as a process through which a universally applicable technical code crystallises as technological rationality of a modern society. This article challenges such essentialist theories that offer deterministic and universal generalisations about such abstract categories as technical rationality. Rather it suggests that technical rationality in itself is constructed by a network of actors in a specific context. This article analyses the historical moment of the introduction of Bt cotton in India, in 2002, in order to explore how the technical rationality guiding the introduction of Bt technology was itself constructed by a network of neoliberal actors. In doing so, the article reveals the political economy of this technology at both the discursive and institutional levels. Here, rationalisation is defined as a biopolitical process whereby a host of neoliberal actors used discursive framings and institutional strategies in order to create a hospitable environment for an imported Bt technology. The article argues that a hegemonic capitalist rationale guided the adoption of Bt cotton through the 2002 policy decision. The construction of this context-specific rationale led to the emergence of a global agbiotech industry at the local level, which, in turn, further strengthened the state-biotechnology-market nexus.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Understanding People’s Science Movement in India: From the Vantage of Social Movement Perspective.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sahoo, S.; and Pattnaik, B. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Sociology of Science and Technology, 3(4): 08–72. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sahoo_understanding_2012,\n\ttitle = {Understanding {People}’s {Science} {Movement} in {India}:\nFrom the {Vantage} of {Social} {Movement} {Perspective}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\turl = {https://sst.nw.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/understanding-peoples-science-movement-in-india-from-the-vantage-of-social-movement-perspective.pdf},\n\tabstract = {It hardly needs emphasis that People’s Science Movements (PSMs) in India have been very unique\nand such movements are not witnessed yet elsewhere although science popularization / science \n cmmunication movements were witnessed in USA, Europe and Australia. As a study of unique social\nphenomenon catching up our academic fascination, the paper fi rst tried to characterize the phenomenon of PSM; second, tried to locate such a phenomenon in its socio-historical contexts. Lastly, the phenomenon is empirically studied through the analysis of five extensive case studies of various types of People’s Science Movement Organizations (PSMOs) from the view point of social movement perspective, i. e. Resource mobilization theory.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Sociology of Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Sahoo, Subhasis and Pattnaik, Binay Kumar},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {India, People's Health Movement, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Popular Science, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Public Understanding of Science, Radical Science Movements, Science \\& Culture, Social History of Science, Social Movements, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {08--72},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n It hardly needs emphasis that People’s Science Movements (PSMs) in India have been very unique and such movements are not witnessed yet elsewhere although science popularization / science cmmunication movements were witnessed in USA, Europe and Australia. As a study of unique social phenomenon catching up our academic fascination, the paper fi rst tried to characterize the phenomenon of PSM; second, tried to locate such a phenomenon in its socio-historical contexts. Lastly, the phenomenon is empirically studied through the analysis of five extensive case studies of various types of People’s Science Movement Organizations (PSMOs) from the view point of social movement perspective, i. e. Resource mobilization theory.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Developing India: An Intellectual and Social History, c. 1930-50.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zachariah, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{zachariah_developing_2012,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Developing {India}: {An} {Intellectual} and {Social} {History}, c. 1930-50.},\n\tisbn = {9780198086079},\n\tshorttitle = {Developing {India}},\n\turl = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/developing-india-9780198086079?cc=in&lang=en&#},\n\tabstract = {This book is about the ideas regarding the concept of the term 'development' which emerged in circa 1930-50. It is a study of the formative period in history when the underlying notions of progress, self-government, and nation building were articulated. The author considers how the notions were driven by immediate political battles, yet inspired by a vision of the future that incorporated notions of sovereignty and equity.\n\nDrawing on a variety of intellectual resources, the author analyses three themes around development: the importance of science and technology, the need for the government to express certain social concerns, and the need for national discipline. The argument is that alternative notions of development-consciously different from those based on free trade and industrialization could emerge in the inter-war period, when the future of capitalism did not appear as assured as they did in the nineteenth century. This book opens up a new arena in the historiography of South Asia, that of an intellectual history of late colonialism in India, and of the nationalism that succeeded it.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Zachariah, Benjamin},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Development, India, Intellectual History, Modernisation, Nation, Nationalism, Twentieth Century},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book is about the ideas regarding the concept of the term 'development' which emerged in circa 1930-50. It is a study of the formative period in history when the underlying notions of progress, self-government, and nation building were articulated. The author considers how the notions were driven by immediate political battles, yet inspired by a vision of the future that incorporated notions of sovereignty and equity. Drawing on a variety of intellectual resources, the author analyses three themes around development: the importance of science and technology, the need for the government to express certain social concerns, and the need for national discipline. The argument is that alternative notions of development-consciously different from those based on free trade and industrialization could emerge in the inter-war period, when the future of capitalism did not appear as assured as they did in the nineteenth century. This book opens up a new arena in the historiography of South Asia, that of an intellectual history of late colonialism in India, and of the nationalism that succeeded it.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Disenchanting India: Organized Rationalism and Criticism of Religion in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Quack, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, USA, 2012.\n Google-Books-ID: 55wFpydSZ8oC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{quack_disenchanting_2012,\n\ttitle = {Disenchanting {India}: {Organized} {Rationalism} and {Criticism} of {Religion} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780199812608},\n\tshorttitle = {Disenchanting {India}},\n\tabstract = {India is frequently represented as the quintessential land of religion. Johannes Quack challenges this representation through an examination of the contemporary Indian rationalist organizations: groups who affirm the values and attitudes of atheism, humanism, or free-thinking. Quack shows the rationalists' emphasis on maintaining links to atheism and materialism in ancient India and outlines their strong ties to the intellectual currents of modern European history. At the heart of Disenchanting India is an ethnographic study of the organization ''Andhashraddha Nirmulan Samiti'' (Organization for the Eradication of Superstition), based in the Indian State of Maharashtra. Quack gives a nuanced account of the Organization's specific "mode of unbelief." He describes the group's efforts to encourage a scientific temper and to combat beliefs and practices that it regards as superstitious. Quack also shows the role played by rationalism in the day-to-day lives of the Organization's members, as well as the Organization's controversial position within Indian society. Disenchanting India contributes crucial insight into the nature of rationalism in the intellectual life and cultural politics of India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press, USA},\n\tauthor = {Quack, Johannes},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 55wFpydSZ8oC},\n\tkeywords = {India, Rationalism, Rationalist Movements, Sociology of Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n India is frequently represented as the quintessential land of religion. Johannes Quack challenges this representation through an examination of the contemporary Indian rationalist organizations: groups who affirm the values and attitudes of atheism, humanism, or free-thinking. Quack shows the rationalists' emphasis on maintaining links to atheism and materialism in ancient India and outlines their strong ties to the intellectual currents of modern European history. At the heart of Disenchanting India is an ethnographic study of the organization ''Andhashraddha Nirmulan Samiti'' (Organization for the Eradication of Superstition), based in the Indian State of Maharashtra. Quack gives a nuanced account of the Organization's specific \"mode of unbelief.\" He describes the group's efforts to encourage a scientific temper and to combat beliefs and practices that it regards as superstitious. Quack also shows the role played by rationalism in the day-to-day lives of the Organization's members, as well as the Organization's controversial position within Indian society. Disenchanting India contributes crucial insight into the nature of rationalism in the intellectual life and cultural politics of India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Contesting Colonial Authority: Medicine and Indigenous Responses in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bala, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Lexington Books, Lanham, 2012.\n Google-Books-ID: H3RQJsIAwrUC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bala_contesting_2012,\n\taddress = {Lanham},\n\ttitle = {Contesting {Colonial} {Authority}: {Medicine} and {Indigenous} {Responses} in {Nineteenth}- and {Twentieth}-century {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780739170236},\n\tshorttitle = {Contesting {Colonial} {Authority}},\n\tabstract = {Poonam Bala's Contesting Colonial Authority explores the interplay of conformity and defiance amongst the plural medical tradition in colonial India. The contributors reveal how Indian elites, nationalists, and the rest of the Indian population participated in the move to revisit and frame a new social character of Indian Medicine. Viewed in the light of the cultural, nationalistic, social, literary and scientific essentials, Contesting Colonial Authority highlights various indigenous interpretations and mechanisms through which Indian sciences and medicine were projected against the cultural background of a rich medical tradition.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Lexington Books},\n\tauthor = {Bala, Poonam},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: H3RQJsIAwrUC},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, India, Indian Knowledge Systems, Pharmaceutical Industry, Traditional knowledge, Unani},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Poonam Bala's Contesting Colonial Authority explores the interplay of conformity and defiance amongst the plural medical tradition in colonial India. The contributors reveal how Indian elites, nationalists, and the rest of the Indian population participated in the move to revisit and frame a new social character of Indian Medicine. Viewed in the light of the cultural, nationalistic, social, literary and scientific essentials, Contesting Colonial Authority highlights various indigenous interpretations and mechanisms through which Indian sciences and medicine were projected against the cultural background of a rich medical tradition.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Farmers' Participation in Knowledge Circulation and the Promotion of Agroecological Methods in South India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arora, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 36(2): 207–235. February 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{arora_farmers_2012,\n\ttitle = {Farmers' {Participation} in {Knowledge} {Circulation} and the {Promotion} of {Agroecological} {Methods} in {South} {India}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tissn = {1044-0046, 1540-7578},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10440046.2011.620231},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/10440046.2011.620231},\n\tabstract = {In the context of widespread agrarian distress in rural India, finding ways to secure livelihood sustainability of small farmers have become urgent concerns. Agroecological methods (AEMs) are considered by some to be effective in solving structural problems with farmers' production processes engendered by the use of resource-intensive technologies. AEMs generally require extensive participation by farmers for further development through on-farm experimentation and collective learning. This article studies learning through the lens of knowledge circulation between farmers and “experts” in a local innovation system. In particular, it analyzes farmers' participation in knowledge circulation using network data on problem-solving knowledge flows to and from an innovative south Indian village. The findings suggest that farmers' participation was restricted by formal and informal institutions governing the knowledge interactions between the development organizations that promoted AEM and the farmers. Any new ways of working (technological and institutional innovations) are argued to be filtered through the sediments of extant techno-institutional context, leading to the profusion of hybrid forms of technology and organization. However, despite this profusion, or perhaps because of it, epistemological and sociocultural hierarchies continue to operate in avowedly participatory projects organized to promote AEMs based on farmers' “traditional knowledge.”},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Sustainable Agriculture},\n\tauthor = {Arora, Saurabh},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Agrarian Crisis, Expertise, India, Rural India},\n\tpages = {207--235},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the context of widespread agrarian distress in rural India, finding ways to secure livelihood sustainability of small farmers have become urgent concerns. Agroecological methods (AEMs) are considered by some to be effective in solving structural problems with farmers' production processes engendered by the use of resource-intensive technologies. AEMs generally require extensive participation by farmers for further development through on-farm experimentation and collective learning. This article studies learning through the lens of knowledge circulation between farmers and “experts” in a local innovation system. In particular, it analyzes farmers' participation in knowledge circulation using network data on problem-solving knowledge flows to and from an innovative south Indian village. The findings suggest that farmers' participation was restricted by formal and informal institutions governing the knowledge interactions between the development organizations that promoted AEM and the farmers. Any new ways of working (technological and institutional innovations) are argued to be filtered through the sediments of extant techno-institutional context, leading to the profusion of hybrid forms of technology and organization. However, despite this profusion, or perhaps because of it, epistemological and sociocultural hierarchies continue to operate in avowedly participatory projects organized to promote AEMs based on farmers' “traditional knowledge.”\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Laboratory and its Double: The Making of the Scientist-citizen at TIFR.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chowdhury, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report CASI Working Paper Series, 12-01. Philadelphia: Center for the Advanced …, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@techreport{chowdhury_laboratory_2012,\n\ttitle = {The {Laboratory} and its {Double}: {The} {Making} of the {Scientist}-citizen at {TIFR}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Laboratory} and its {Double}},\n\turl = {https://casi.sas.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/research/The%20Laboratory%20and%20its%20Double%20-%20Indira%20Chowdhury%20%28CASI%20Working%20Paper%29.pdf},\n\tabstract = {The first day of Indian independence is popularly identified with Nehru’s famous “tryst with destiny” speech delivered at the Red Fort–the symbolc seat of power at New Delhi, the capital of the new nation. At the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, that the physicist Homi Bhabha had set up two years ago, the day was celebrated quietly, though not without its lessons for the scientists who now had to be nurtured into becoming scientist-citizens. The available records of TIFR do not have any reference to the ceremonies that took place on August 15, 1947. However, the oral history interviews of a scientist present on that day bear testimony to the relationship that was being imagined between nationalism and science.\nPrahlad Chunilal Vaidya, had come to TIFR as a research worker in 1947. By then he had had several years of experience working with Professor VV Narlikar at the Benaras Hindu University and in fact, had discovered an elegant solution to Einstein’s equation for a radiating star. Present at the Institute on the day of India’s independence, Vaidya recalled that he had hoisted the flag quite early. Since he had been a freedom fighter, he had done this in a way that he was familiar with–he had folded the flag and then unfurled and hoisted it. However, there were elements of ceremony, thoughtfulness and solemnity that were missing in that act as Bhabha pointed out. In Vaidya’s words: When Bhabha came he asked,“Where is the flag?” I said,“There it is.” Then he said,“No! On the first day of independence you don’t unfurl the flag–you raise},\n\turldate = {2024-05-06},\n\tinstitution = {CASI Working Paper Series, 12-01. Philadelphia: Center for the Advanced …},\n\tauthor = {Chowdhury, Indira},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {India, Institution Development, Oral history, TIFR},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The first day of Indian independence is popularly identified with Nehru’s famous “tryst with destiny” speech delivered at the Red Fort–the symbolc seat of power at New Delhi, the capital of the new nation. At the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, that the physicist Homi Bhabha had set up two years ago, the day was celebrated quietly, though not without its lessons for the scientists who now had to be nurtured into becoming scientist-citizens. The available records of TIFR do not have any reference to the ceremonies that took place on August 15, 1947. However, the oral history interviews of a scientist present on that day bear testimony to the relationship that was being imagined between nationalism and science. Prahlad Chunilal Vaidya, had come to TIFR as a research worker in 1947. By then he had had several years of experience working with Professor VV Narlikar at the Benaras Hindu University and in fact, had discovered an elegant solution to Einstein’s equation for a radiating star. Present at the Institute on the day of India’s independence, Vaidya recalled that he had hoisted the flag quite early. Since he had been a freedom fighter, he had done this in a way that he was familiar with–he had folded the flag and then unfurled and hoisted it. However, there were elements of ceremony, thoughtfulness and solemnity that were missing in that act as Bhabha pointed out. In Vaidya’s words: When Bhabha came he asked,“Where is the flag?” I said,“There it is.” Then he said,“No! On the first day of independence you don’t unfurl the flag–you raise\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Quest for Technical Knowledge: Bengal in the Nineteenth Century.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarkar, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ajay Kumar Jain for Manohar Publishers & Distributors, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sarkar_quest_2012,\n\ttitle = {The {Quest} for {Technical} {Knowledge}: {Bengal} in the {Nineteenth} {Century}},\n\tisbn = {9788173049491},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Quest} for {Technical} {Knowledge}},\n\tabstract = {Immense intellectual and cultural stirrings characterised nineteenth-century Bengal. The impact of modern Western culture and consciousness of defeat by a foreign power gave birth to a new awakening. Thoughtful Bengalis were impressed in particular by modern science and technology. The attainment of modern scientific knowledge in colonial Bengal was not purely a question of diffusion. Western science and technology, viewed as cultural import, were actively redefined by the recipient culture. A different society, culture, tradition and existing indigenous knowledge systems provided the background in which the gradual spread of the new knowledge occurred, followed by its adaptation through various reformulations. One of the major sources of dissemination of techno-scientific knowledge to the native society was the contemporary Bengali journals. This book is an account of the Bengali bhadralok's distinctive response to the modern technical knowledge as reflected in the pages of these journals.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Ajay Kumar Jain for Manohar Publishers \\& Distributors},\n\tauthor = {Sarkar, Suvobrata},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Colonial India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Engineering, India, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Immense intellectual and cultural stirrings characterised nineteenth-century Bengal. The impact of modern Western culture and consciousness of defeat by a foreign power gave birth to a new awakening. Thoughtful Bengalis were impressed in particular by modern science and technology. The attainment of modern scientific knowledge in colonial Bengal was not purely a question of diffusion. Western science and technology, viewed as cultural import, were actively redefined by the recipient culture. A different society, culture, tradition and existing indigenous knowledge systems provided the background in which the gradual spread of the new knowledge occurred, followed by its adaptation through various reformulations. One of the major sources of dissemination of techno-scientific knowledge to the native society was the contemporary Bengali journals. This book is an account of the Bengali bhadralok's distinctive response to the modern technical knowledge as reflected in the pages of these journals.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n What is Science?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n of Popular Readers' SeriesNational Book Trust, India, New Delhi, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{sarukkai_what_2012,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\tseries = {Popular {Readers}' {Series}},\n\ttitle = {What is {Science}?},\n\tisbn = {81-237-6366-2},\n\turl = {chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/science-sakkurai.pdf},\n\tabstract = {The Idea of Science dominated the modern world. However, the nature of science-what science really is- has been quite elusive. Science is commonly associated with themes like truth, logic, rationality, objectivity, knowledge and genius. But how far are these common beliefs about science really true? This book is a way of thinking about science, primarly from a philosophical perspective. It also introduces spedific Indian paradigms which are relevant to understanding science. The book covers a vast range of topics ranging from logic to ethics in the context of science. it should be of interest to those who desire to understand science in all its complexity, strengths and weakneses.},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tpublisher = {National Book Trust, India},\n\tauthor = {Sarukkai, Sundar},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {India, Philosophy of Science, STS/Introduction},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Idea of Science dominated the modern world. However, the nature of science-what science really is- has been quite elusive. Science is commonly associated with themes like truth, logic, rationality, objectivity, knowledge and genius. But how far are these common beliefs about science really true? This book is a way of thinking about science, primarly from a philosophical perspective. It also introduces spedific Indian paradigms which are relevant to understanding science. The book covers a vast range of topics ranging from logic to ethics in the context of science. it should be of interest to those who desire to understand science in all its complexity, strengths and weakneses.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bacteriology in British India: Laboratory Medicine and the Tropics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chakrabarti, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Rochester Press and Boydell & Brewer Limited, New York and Woodbridge, October 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chakrabarti_bacteriology_2012,\n\taddress = {New York and Woodbridge},\n\ttitle = {Bacteriology in {British} {India}: {Laboratory} {Medicine} and the {Tropics}},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tisbn = {9781580467919},\n\tshorttitle = {Bacteriology in {British} {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781580467919/html},\n\tabstract = {The first book to provide a social and cultural history of bacteriology in colonial India, situating it at the confluence of colonial medical practices, institutionalization, and social movements.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tpublisher = {University of Rochester Press and Boydell \\& Brewer Limited},\n\tauthor = {Chakrabarti, Pratik},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Bacteriology, British India, Colonial India, Colonial Medicine, Colonial Science, India, Laboratory Science, Medicine, Pasteurization, Pathogenesis, Physician, Science, Sociology, South Asia, South Asian History},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The first book to provide a social and cultural history of bacteriology in colonial India, situating it at the confluence of colonial medical practices, institutionalization, and social movements.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Public Understanding of Participation in Regulatory Decision-Making: The Case of Bottled Water Quality Standards in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhaduri, S.; and Sharma, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Public Understanding of Science, 23(4): 472 –488. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{bhaduri_public_2012,\n\ttitle = {Public {Understanding} of {Participation} in {Regulatory} {Decision}-{Making}: {The} {Case} of {Bottled} {Water} {Quality} {Standards} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Public Understanding of Science},\n\tauthor = {Bhaduri, Saradindu and Sharma, Aviram},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {India, Public Understanding of Science, Water},\n\tpages = {472 --488},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 2011\n \n \n (27)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Historical Anatomy of a Contact Zone: Calcutta in the Eighteenth Century.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raj, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 48(1): 55–82. January 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raj_historical_2011,\n\ttitle = {The {Historical} {Anatomy} of a {Contact} {Zone}: {Calcutta} in the {Eighteenth} {Century}},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\tshorttitle = {The historical anatomy of a contact zone},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001946461004800103},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/001946461004800103},\n\tabstract = {Founded in 1690 as an entrepôt by the English East India Company, Calcutta has been at the intersection of a number of heterogeneous long- and short-range networks of trade, finance, diplomacy, law, crafts and learning. This article explores the history of the first century of its existence during which it grew from insignificance to become the second most important city of the British Empire. During this period Calcutta also emerged as a world-city of scientific knowledge making in botany, geology, geodesy, map-making, geography, history, linguistics and ethnology. Calcutta thus provides an excellent case study of the co-construction of knowledge and urbanity in the early modern context of globalisation. As a contact zone between different ethnic, professional and religious communities, each with their specific knowledge practices, this article shows that new forms of knowledge, many at the heart of the second scientific revolution, were produced in this city through attempts at recognising and managing difference in this cosmopolitan context.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-11-14},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Raj, Kapil},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {18th Century, 19th Century, British Empire, British India, Colonial Science, East India Company, Kolkata, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science, Trading Zones, Urban, Urban Studies},\n\tpages = {55--82},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Founded in 1690 as an entrepôt by the English East India Company, Calcutta has been at the intersection of a number of heterogeneous long- and short-range networks of trade, finance, diplomacy, law, crafts and learning. This article explores the history of the first century of its existence during which it grew from insignificance to become the second most important city of the British Empire. During this period Calcutta also emerged as a world-city of scientific knowledge making in botany, geology, geodesy, map-making, geography, history, linguistics and ethnology. Calcutta thus provides an excellent case study of the co-construction of knowledge and urbanity in the early modern context of globalisation. As a contact zone between different ethnic, professional and religious communities, each with their specific knowledge practices, this article shows that new forms of knowledge, many at the heart of the second scientific revolution, were produced in this city through attempts at recognising and managing difference in this cosmopolitan context.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Public Understanding of Environment and Bioenergy Resources.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raza, G.; Kumar, P.; and Singh, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Science Communication, 10(3): A03. September 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raza_public_2011,\n\ttitle = {Public {Understanding} of {Environment} and {Bioenergy} {Resources}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tcopyright = {https://jcom.sissa.it/site/about-jcom},\n\tissn = {1824-2049},\n\turl = {https://jcom.sissa.it/article/pubid/Jcom1003(2011)A03/},\n\tdoi = {10.22323/2.10030203},\n\tabstract = {There exists a distinct disconnect between scientists’ perception of nature and people’s worldview. This ‘disconnect’ though has dialectical relationship with science communication processes which, causes impediments in the propagation of scientific ideas. Those ideas, which are placed at large cultural distance, do not easily become a part of cognitive structure of a common citizen or peoples thought complex. Low level of public understanding of bio-energy technologies is one such sphere of understanding. The present study is based on assumption that public debate on bio-energy is part of the larger human concern about climate change. In this paper we present meta-analyses from published literature and take a look at the surveys that have been carried out at national and international level. In the second section of the article we also present analysis of the survey study carried out in India and locate the shifts in public understanding of science.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Science Communication},\n\tauthor = {Raza, Gauhar and Kumar, P.V.S. and Singh, Surjit},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Bio energy, India, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science Communication},\n\tpages = {A03},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n There exists a distinct disconnect between scientists’ perception of nature and people’s worldview. This ‘disconnect’ though has dialectical relationship with science communication processes which, causes impediments in the propagation of scientific ideas. Those ideas, which are placed at large cultural distance, do not easily become a part of cognitive structure of a common citizen or peoples thought complex. Low level of public understanding of bio-energy technologies is one such sphere of understanding. The present study is based on assumption that public debate on bio-energy is part of the larger human concern about climate change. In this paper we present meta-analyses from published literature and take a look at the surveys that have been carried out at national and international level. In the second section of the article we also present analysis of the survey study carried out in India and locate the shifts in public understanding of science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Body as Object: Ethical Concerns Underlying Medical Research and Practice.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nayak, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 46(24): 19–21. June 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{nayak_body_2011,\n\ttitle = {Body as {Object}: {Ethical} {Concerns} {Underlying} {Medical} {Research} and {Practice}},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/23018237},\n\tabstract = {What ordinary people would consider violations of ethical norms of society are seldom seen as such by medical practitioners and researchers who may go against such norms in the larger interests of science. The conduct of clinical trials in India illustrates this conflict which arises primarily because of particular objectifications of the human body. This article emphasises the need for drawing upon philosophy and the sociology of science, and their inclusion in medical curriculum in order to develop ethical practices within the medical community.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {24},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Nayak, Dhanwanti},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Clinical Trials, Ethics, Medical Practices, Medical Science, Medicalisation of Body, Philosophy of Science, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Social History of Medicine, Sociology of Medicine},\n\tpages = {19--21},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n What ordinary people would consider violations of ethical norms of society are seldom seen as such by medical practitioners and researchers who may go against such norms in the larger interests of science. The conduct of clinical trials in India illustrates this conflict which arises primarily because of particular objectifications of the human body. This article emphasises the need for drawing upon philosophy and the sociology of science, and their inclusion in medical curriculum in order to develop ethical practices within the medical community.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n What Could ‘Integrative’ Medicine Mean? Social Science Perspectives on Contemporary Ayurveda.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sujatha, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2(3): 115–123. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sujatha_what_2011,\n\ttitle = {What {Could} ‘{Integrative}’ {Medicine} {Mean}? {Social} {Science} {Perspectives} on {Contemporary} {Ayurveda}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {0975-9476},\n\tshorttitle = {What could ‘integrative’ medicine mean?},\n\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193682/},\n\tdoi = {10.4103/0975-9476.85549},\n\tabstract = {The paper attempts to critically engage with the idea of integrative medicine as a marker of pharmaceuticalization of Ayurveda in the recent decades. It examines what it means to say ‘integrative’ medicine using the metaphor of language from philosophy of science. Drawing upon fieldwork with Ayurveda practitioners, the paper also discusses the ramifications of integrative medicine in the current scenario in which there is no organizational parity between Ayurveda and biomedicine. The paper calls for a focus on Ayurveda for public health rather than the global health market.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Sujatha, V.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {22022153},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3193682},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Ayurveda, Epistemic Pluralism, Sociology of Medicine, Traditional Knowledge},\n\tpages = {115--123},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The paper attempts to critically engage with the idea of integrative medicine as a marker of pharmaceuticalization of Ayurveda in the recent decades. It examines what it means to say ‘integrative’ medicine using the metaphor of language from philosophy of science. Drawing upon fieldwork with Ayurveda practitioners, the paper also discusses the ramifications of integrative medicine in the current scenario in which there is no organizational parity between Ayurveda and biomedicine. The paper calls for a focus on Ayurveda for public health rather than the global health market.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Palampur Declaration: Scientific Temper Statement Revisited-2011.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n AIPSN\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@misc{aipsn_palampur_2011,\n\ttitle = {The {Palampur} {Declaration}: {Scientific} {Temper} {Statement} {Revisited}-2011},\n\tabstract = {"The debates and discussions on Scientific Temper that the Statement initially, have not continued in India towards ushering a second renaissance, at least to the extent that the signatories wished. Scientific Temper remained largely confined to rhetorical statements. Sadly even social scientists did not make an effort to refine this concept or operationalise the concept for measuring/gauging Scientific Temper. It behoves us to retrieve this concept before it is lost in the cacophony triggered by the changing scientific, technological and economic order. Thus, there is a need to revisit the\n1981 Statement." \n[From the document]},\n\tpublisher = {AIPSN},\n\tauthor = {AIPSN},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Post-Independence India, Science War, Scientific Temper, Statement},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"The debates and discussions on Scientific Temper that the Statement initially, have not continued in India towards ushering a second renaissance, at least to the extent that the signatories wished. Scientific Temper remained largely confined to rhetorical statements. Sadly even social scientists did not make an effort to refine this concept or operationalise the concept for measuring/gauging Scientific Temper. It behoves us to retrieve this concept before it is lost in the cacophony triggered by the changing scientific, technological and economic order. Thus, there is a need to revisit the 1981 Statement.\" [From the document]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivations to Innovate: Tracing the Motivation of ‘Grassroot’ Innovators in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhaduri, S.; and Kumar, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Mind & Society, 10(1): 27–55. June 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bhaduri_extrinsic_2011,\n\ttitle = {Extrinsic and {Intrinsic} {Motivations} to {Innovate}: {Tracing} the {Motivation} of ‘{Grassroot}’ {Innovators} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1860-1839},\n\tshorttitle = {Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations to innovate},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11299-010-0081-2},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11299-010-0081-2},\n\tabstract = {Extrinsic motivations like intellectual property protections and fiscal incentives continue to occupy the centre stage in debates on innovation policies. Joseph Schumpeter had, however, argued that the motive to accumulate private property can only explain part of innovative activities. In his view, “the joy of creating, of getting things done” associated with the behavioural traits that “seek out difficulties…and takes delight in ventures” stand out as the most independent factor of behaviour in explaining innovation and economic development, especially in early capitalist societies. Taking the case of ‘grassroot’ innovators in India, we re-examine the motivations behind innovative behaviour. Drawing upon the theory of effectance motivation we construct operational indicators of extrinsic and intrinsic motivations to innovate. Interestingly, we find that pure extrinsic forms of motivation drive only a fraction of individual innovative behaviour. A large amount of innovative behaviour is motivated either by intrinsic motivations or by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Also, conceptualising innovation as a three stage process involving idea generation, experimentation and application, we find evidence of motivation-shifts. The importance of intrinsic motivation is comparatively greater during the early stage, when uncertainty about innovation is high. The importance of extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, increases when innovation is complete, awaiting application. We then outline a few implications of these findings for policy making.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Mind \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Bhaduri, Saradindu and Kumar, Hemant},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {India, Individual innovators},\n\tpages = {27--55},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Extrinsic motivations like intellectual property protections and fiscal incentives continue to occupy the centre stage in debates on innovation policies. Joseph Schumpeter had, however, argued that the motive to accumulate private property can only explain part of innovative activities. In his view, “the joy of creating, of getting things done” associated with the behavioural traits that “seek out difficulties…and takes delight in ventures” stand out as the most independent factor of behaviour in explaining innovation and economic development, especially in early capitalist societies. Taking the case of ‘grassroot’ innovators in India, we re-examine the motivations behind innovative behaviour. Drawing upon the theory of effectance motivation we construct operational indicators of extrinsic and intrinsic motivations to innovate. Interestingly, we find that pure extrinsic forms of motivation drive only a fraction of individual innovative behaviour. A large amount of innovative behaviour is motivated either by intrinsic motivations or by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Also, conceptualising innovation as a three stage process involving idea generation, experimentation and application, we find evidence of motivation-shifts. The importance of intrinsic motivation is comparatively greater during the early stage, when uncertainty about innovation is high. The importance of extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, increases when innovation is complete, awaiting application. We then outline a few implications of these findings for policy making.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Healing Holidays? Itinerant Patients, Therapeutic Locales and the Quest for Health: Special Issue for Anthropology & Medicine.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Naraindas, H.; and Bastos, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Anthropology & Medicine, 18(1): 1–6. April 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{naraindas_healing_2011,\n\tseries = {Special {Issue} for {Anthropology} \\& {Medicine}},\n\ttitle = {Healing {Holidays}? {Itinerant} {Patients}, {Therapeutic} {Locales} and the {Quest} for {Health}: {Special} {Issue} for {Anthropology} \\& {Medicine}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1364-8470, 1469-2910},\n\tshorttitle = {Healing holidays?},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13648470.2010.525871},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/13648470.2010.525871},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Anthropology \\& Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Naraindas, Harish and Bastos, Cristiana},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Healing, India, Medical Tourism, Sociology of Health, Sociology of Medicine},\n\tpages = {1--6},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Industrialization of Seed Production: Implications for Agriculture in India1.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mallick, S.; Ejnavarzala, H.; and B, B. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 10(3-4): 441–457. January 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mallick_industrialization_2011,\n\ttitle = {Industrialization of {Seed} {Production}: {Implications} for {Agriculture} in {India1}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1569-1500, 1569-1497},\n\tshorttitle = {Industrialization of {Seed} {Production}},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/view/journals/pgdt/10/3-4/article-p441_6.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1163/156914911X609288},\n\tabstract = {Abstract From the sociology of science perspective, this paper attempts to trace the shifts in the knowledge and its application in the context of seed production—the central input in agriculture. The paper argues that the seed production, which was once in the hands of farming communities, has become industrialized with the advent of hybrid seeds. The hybrid seed production, based on phenotypic knowledge of the plants, marks the first phase of the industrialization of seed and the genetically modified seed, based on genotypic knowledge of the plants, marks the beginning of another phase in the industrialization of seed production. This paper draws attention to controversies over genetically modified seed based on economic, social, environmental considerations. This paper also discusses the implications of these developments and the changes in the institutional arrangements that govern the production and use of the seed, as these developments have profound implications for Indian agriculture and agrarian relations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Perspectives on Global Development and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Mallick, Sambit and Ejnavarzala, Haribabu and B, Bhoopathi Reddy},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Green Revolution in India, India, Seed Policy},\n\tpages = {441--457},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract From the sociology of science perspective, this paper attempts to trace the shifts in the knowledge and its application in the context of seed production—the central input in agriculture. The paper argues that the seed production, which was once in the hands of farming communities, has become industrialized with the advent of hybrid seeds. The hybrid seed production, based on phenotypic knowledge of the plants, marks the first phase of the industrialization of seed and the genetically modified seed, based on genotypic knowledge of the plants, marks the beginning of another phase in the industrialization of seed production. This paper draws attention to controversies over genetically modified seed based on economic, social, environmental considerations. This paper also discusses the implications of these developments and the changes in the institutional arrangements that govern the production and use of the seed, as these developments have profound implications for Indian agriculture and agrarian relations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern Asia: Explorations in the Intellectual History of India and Tibet, 1500-1800.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pollock, S.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Duke University Press, Durham, March 2011.\n Google-Books-ID: 740AqMUW8WQC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{pollock_forms_2011,\n\taddress = {Durham},\n\ttitle = {Forms of {Knowledge} in {Early} {Modern} {Asia}: {Explorations} in the {Intellectual} {History} of {India} and {Tibet}, 1500-1800},\n\tisbn = {9780822349044},\n\tshorttitle = {Forms of {Knowledge} in {Early} {Modern} {Asia}},\n\tabstract = {In the past two decades, scholars have transformed our understanding of the interactions between India and the West since the consolidation of British power on the subcontinent around 1800. While acknowledging the merits of this scholarship, Sheldon Pollock argues that knowing how colonialism changed South Asian cultures, particularly how Western modes of thought became dominant, requires knowing what was there to be changed. Yet little is known about the history of knowledge and imagination in late precolonial South Asia, about what systematic forms of thought existed, how they worked, or who produced them. This pioneering collection of essays helps to rectify this situation by addressing the ways thinkers in India and Tibet responded to a rapidly changing world in the three centuries prior to 1800. Contributors examine new forms of communication and conceptions of power that developed across the subcontinent; changing modes of literary consciousness, practices, and institutions in north India; unprecedented engagements in comparative religion, autobiography, and ethnography in the Indo-Persian sphere; and new directions in disciplinarity, medicine, and geography in Tibet. Taken together, the essays in Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern Asia inaugurate the exploration of a particularly complex intellectual terrain, while gesturing toward distinctive forms of non-Western modernity.\n\nContributors. Muzaffar Alam, Imre Bangha, Aditya Behl, Allison Busch, Sumit Guha, Janet Gyatso, Matthew T. Kapstein, Françoise Mallison, Sheldon Pollock, Velcheru Narayana Rao, Kurtis R. Schaeffer, Sunil Sharma, David Shulman, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Mohamad Tavakoli-Targhi},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\teditor = {Pollock, Sheldon},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 740AqMUW8WQC},\n\tkeywords = {India, Precolonial, Social History of Knowledge, South Asia, Tibet, Traditional Knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the past two decades, scholars have transformed our understanding of the interactions between India and the West since the consolidation of British power on the subcontinent around 1800. While acknowledging the merits of this scholarship, Sheldon Pollock argues that knowing how colonialism changed South Asian cultures, particularly how Western modes of thought became dominant, requires knowing what was there to be changed. Yet little is known about the history of knowledge and imagination in late precolonial South Asia, about what systematic forms of thought existed, how they worked, or who produced them. This pioneering collection of essays helps to rectify this situation by addressing the ways thinkers in India and Tibet responded to a rapidly changing world in the three centuries prior to 1800. Contributors examine new forms of communication and conceptions of power that developed across the subcontinent; changing modes of literary consciousness, practices, and institutions in north India; unprecedented engagements in comparative religion, autobiography, and ethnography in the Indo-Persian sphere; and new directions in disciplinarity, medicine, and geography in Tibet. Taken together, the essays in Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern Asia inaugurate the exploration of a particularly complex intellectual terrain, while gesturing toward distinctive forms of non-Western modernity. Contributors. Muzaffar Alam, Imre Bangha, Aditya Behl, Allison Busch, Sumit Guha, Janet Gyatso, Matthew T. Kapstein, Françoise Mallison, Sheldon Pollock, Velcheru Narayana Rao, Kurtis R. Schaeffer, Sunil Sharma, David Shulman, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Mohamad Tavakoli-Targhi\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Eternal Return and Overcoming ‘Cape Fear’: Science, Sensation, Superman and Hindu Nationalism in Recent Hindi Cinema.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Basu, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Asian History and Culture, 2(4): 557–571. October 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{basu_eternal_2011,\n\ttitle = {The {Eternal} {Return} and {Overcoming} ‘{Cape} {Fear}’: {Science}, {Sensation}, {Superman} and {Hindu} {Nationalism} in {Recent} {Hindi} {Cinema}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {1947-2498, 1947-2501},\n\tshorttitle = {The eternal return and overcoming ‘{Cape} {Fear}’},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19472498.2011.605299},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/19472498.2011.605299},\n\tabstract = {This article provides a genealogical understanding of the tropes of ‘science’ and ‘technology’ as they currently operate within dominant melodramatic structures of ‘Bollywood’ cinema. In recent times, the entry of Hindi film in transnational markets has perhaps necessitated the upgrading or fresh minting of genres like the superhero film or the sci-fi film that were either low end or peripheral in Bombay cinema. These new films deal with inscriptions of science and technology in a manner remarkably different from both, a cautious and calibrated Nehruvian humanism of the ‘third way’ and a Gandhian anti-modern agrarianism. They develop a novel exhilarated syntax for the times – a new plane of language – by which signatures of an erstwhile alienating horizon of techno-scientific development can be advertised or informatized without obligation to contending grand narratives like that of tradition or modernity. In this auratic ecology of a new India-in-the-world, tradition can be seen to be bolstered with technology, while technology can be seen to be claimed by a unique Indian spirit and absolved of its otherwise profane status. This is how a turn of the millennium upper class, Brahminical nationalist elite seeks to present its life itself as artwork.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {South Asian History and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Basu, Anustup},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, India, Indian Cinema, Nehru, Jawaharlal, Science Fiction},\n\tpages = {557--571},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article provides a genealogical understanding of the tropes of ‘science’ and ‘technology’ as they currently operate within dominant melodramatic structures of ‘Bollywood’ cinema. In recent times, the entry of Hindi film in transnational markets has perhaps necessitated the upgrading or fresh minting of genres like the superhero film or the sci-fi film that were either low end or peripheral in Bombay cinema. These new films deal with inscriptions of science and technology in a manner remarkably different from both, a cautious and calibrated Nehruvian humanism of the ‘third way’ and a Gandhian anti-modern agrarianism. They develop a novel exhilarated syntax for the times – a new plane of language – by which signatures of an erstwhile alienating horizon of techno-scientific development can be advertised or informatized without obligation to contending grand narratives like that of tradition or modernity. In this auratic ecology of a new India-in-the-world, tradition can be seen to be bolstered with technology, while technology can be seen to be claimed by a unique Indian spirit and absolved of its otherwise profane status. This is how a turn of the millennium upper class, Brahminical nationalist elite seeks to present its life itself as artwork.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indigenous and Western Medicine in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Foundation Books, 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sharma_indigenous_2011,\n\ttitle = {Indigenous and {Western} {Medicine} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788175968899},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/indigenous-and-western-medicine-in-colonial-india/4C6C726CA539BA099AD37B14C2A36FBD},\n\tabstract = {This book delves into the social history of medicine and reflects on the complexity of social interaction between indigenous and western medicine in colonial India. The book draws upon a host of authentic sources such as tracts, pamphlets, brochures, booklets of various medicine shops and drug manufacturing companies functioning in the colonial era. This work analyses the medical market and entrepreneurship in medicine in colonial India. It deconstructs the then prevalent advertisements, treating them both as a reflection on the contemporaneous values and lifestyles and as a medium for the creation of medical consumers. Emphasizing upon the question of class, gender and racial discriminations, the book also examines the interest generated by modern medical equipment such as the stethoscope and the thermometer, and the way in which these were used to reinforce the norms of social hierarchy and the purdah system. This work also focuses on several debated issues such as birth control, sexuality, and the principles of brahmacharya. The book would be a useful read for sociology and history graduates, as well as researchers and medical professionals.},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tpublisher = {Foundation Books},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Madhuri},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/9788175969230},\n\tkeywords = {Banaras, Healing, Indigenous Knowledge, Medical Sociology, Modernization of Ayurveda, Sexual health, Traditional Medicine, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book delves into the social history of medicine and reflects on the complexity of social interaction between indigenous and western medicine in colonial India. The book draws upon a host of authentic sources such as tracts, pamphlets, brochures, booklets of various medicine shops and drug manufacturing companies functioning in the colonial era. This work analyses the medical market and entrepreneurship in medicine in colonial India. It deconstructs the then prevalent advertisements, treating them both as a reflection on the contemporaneous values and lifestyles and as a medium for the creation of medical consumers. Emphasizing upon the question of class, gender and racial discriminations, the book also examines the interest generated by modern medical equipment such as the stethoscope and the thermometer, and the way in which these were used to reinforce the norms of social hierarchy and the purdah system. This work also focuses on several debated issues such as birth control, sexuality, and the principles of brahmacharya. The book would be a useful read for sociology and history graduates, as well as researchers and medical professionals.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Smallpox in the Modern Scientific and Colonial Contexts, 1721-1840.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kochhar, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Biosciences, 36(5): 761–768. December 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kochhar_smallpox_2011,\n\ttitle = {Smallpox in the {Modern} {Scientific} and {Colonial} {Contexts}, 1721-1840},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tissn = {0973-7138},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s12038-011-9146-6},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Biosciences},\n\tauthor = {Kochhar, Rajesh},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpmid = {22116273},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Disease, India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Smallpox, Vaccination},\n\tpages = {761--768},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Telecom Revolution in India: Technology, Regulation, and Policy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sridhar, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, December 2011.\n Google-Books-ID: HfvLXwAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sridhar_telecom_2011,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Telecom} {Revolution} in {India}: {Technology}, {Regulation}, and {Policy}},\n\tisbn = {9780198075530},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Telecom} {Revolution} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {India is the second largest telecommunications market in the world, next only to China. This book provides a comprehensive coverage of different telecom services-basic, mobile, national and long distance telephony, internet, satellite, television, and FM broadcasting. It offers an in-depth and valuable perspective on various aspects of this sector by analyzing network externalities, economies of scale and scope, and their effects on market structure and regulation. Elucidating the specific characteristics of basic telecom services, it highlights its unique cost structure, tariff regulation, and universal service obligations. Illustrating the case of mobile services, it dwells upon the different stages of spectrum allocation and management-third generation and broadband wireless spectrum, including the trade-off between competition and industry efficiency due to limited spectrum availability and fragmentation. The book also explores market strategies-citing success stories of frugal innovation in operator services, innovative partnerships, and evolving indigenous mobile phones.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Sridhar, Varadharajan},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: HfvLXwAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {ICT, India, Market and Innovation, Technological innovation, Technology \\& Society, Technology Assessment, Telecommunications},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n India is the second largest telecommunications market in the world, next only to China. This book provides a comprehensive coverage of different telecom services-basic, mobile, national and long distance telephony, internet, satellite, television, and FM broadcasting. It offers an in-depth and valuable perspective on various aspects of this sector by analyzing network externalities, economies of scale and scope, and their effects on market structure and regulation. Elucidating the specific characteristics of basic telecom services, it highlights its unique cost structure, tariff regulation, and universal service obligations. Illustrating the case of mobile services, it dwells upon the different stages of spectrum allocation and management-third generation and broadband wireless spectrum, including the trade-off between competition and industry efficiency due to limited spectrum availability and fragmentation. The book also explores market strategies-citing success stories of frugal innovation in operator services, innovative partnerships, and evolving indigenous mobile phones.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indian Logic and Philosophy of Science: The Logic-Epistemology Link.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In van Benthem, J.; Gupta, A.; and Parikh, R., editor(s), Proof, Computation and Agency: Logic at the Crossroads, pages 333–353. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{sarukkai_indian_2011,\n\taddress = {Dordrecht},\n\ttitle = {Indian {Logic} and {Philosophy} of {Science}: {The} {Logic}-{Epistemology} {Link}},\n\tisbn = {9789400700802},\n\tshorttitle = {Indian {Logic} and {Philosophy} of {Science}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0080-2_18},\n\tabstract = {There are many interesting themes in Indian logic which illustrate not just philosophical complexity and rigour but also their potential use in philosophy of science. Matilal describes Indian logic as the “systematic study of informal inference-patterns, the rules of debate, the identification of sound inference vis-à-vis sophistical argument, and similar topics.” An important task for Indian logicians was to critically understand which inferences are valid and what conditions they should obey in order to have certainty in inference. Thus, Indian logicians were deeply concerned about establishing a theory to know which inferential statements one could be certain about and the methodology to decide on their validity. The early Nyāya logic is exemplified by the five-step argument and there has been much discussion on whether it is equivalent to a syllogistic form.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-07},\n\tbooktitle = {Proof, {Computation} and {Agency}: {Logic} at the {Crossroads}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Netherlands},\n\tauthor = {Sarukkai, Sundar},\n\teditor = {van Benthem, Johan and Gupta, Amitabha and Parikh, Rohit},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-94-007-0080-2_18},\n\tkeywords = {Indian Philosophy, Logic, Nyaya Philosophy, Philosophy of Science},\n\tpages = {333--353},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n There are many interesting themes in Indian logic which illustrate not just philosophical complexity and rigour but also their potential use in philosophy of science. Matilal describes Indian logic as the “systematic study of informal inference-patterns, the rules of debate, the identification of sound inference vis-à-vis sophistical argument, and similar topics.” An important task for Indian logicians was to critically understand which inferences are valid and what conditions they should obey in order to have certainty in inference. Thus, Indian logicians were deeply concerned about establishing a theory to know which inferential statements one could be certain about and the methodology to decide on their validity. The early Nyāya logic is exemplified by the five-step argument and there has been much discussion on whether it is equivalent to a syllogistic form.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Institutional Strangleholds: Agricultural Science and the State in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Narayana, D.; and Mahadevan, R.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Narayana, D.; and Mahadevan, R., editor(s), Shaping India: Economic Change in Historical Perspective, pages 99–127. Routledge India, New Delhi, 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@incollection{raina_institutional_2011,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Institutional {Strangleholds}: {Agricultural} {Science} and the {State} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780367818128},\n\tshorttitle = {Institutional {Strangleholds}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Shaping-India-Economic-Change-in-Historical-Perspective/Narayana-Mahadevan/p/book/9781138659971?srsltid=AfmBOopEiCjLbs29o5u-u-tL35n4O2CBxQRujeoktvs_mK1Iks1W8ESk},\n\tabstract = {This chapter explores the evolution of agricultural research in India, using an institutional economics framework that focuses on the rules and norms that govern the organization and conduct of science. It discusses the origin and evolution of agricultural science in the colonial era, driven by commercial interests and also a desire for the advancement of knowledge. The chapter argues that the transmutation of the state–science relationship was not significant in the 1950s, though the state itself had changed from a colonial regime to an independent sovereign state. The history of agricultural science glosses over the fact that state-sponsored scientific research existed in India and other colonies long before it did in Europe. In effect, the utilitarianism of the colonial era characterizes agricultural science till date. Multiple models of research and education organizations marked the 1950s. India’s agricultural research system was reorganized in 1966.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Shaping {India}: {Economic} {Change} in {Historical} {Perspective}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge India},\n\teditor = {Narayana, D. and Mahadevan, Raman},\n\tcollaborator = {Raina, Rajeswari S.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Research, Agriculture, Colonial Science, Colonialism, India, R\\&D Policy, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {99--127},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This chapter explores the evolution of agricultural research in India, using an institutional economics framework that focuses on the rules and norms that govern the organization and conduct of science. It discusses the origin and evolution of agricultural science in the colonial era, driven by commercial interests and also a desire for the advancement of knowledge. The chapter argues that the transmutation of the state–science relationship was not significant in the 1950s, though the state itself had changed from a colonial regime to an independent sovereign state. The history of agricultural science glosses over the fact that state-sponsored scientific research existed in India and other colonies long before it did in Europe. In effect, the utilitarianism of the colonial era characterizes agricultural science till date. Multiple models of research and education organizations marked the 1950s. India’s agricultural research system was reorganized in 1966.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Knowledge Swaraj: An Indian Manifesto on Science and Technology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n SET-DEV; and KICS\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Hyderabad & Knowledge in Civil Society Forum, Hyderabad, 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{set-dev_knowledge_2011,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {Knowledge {Swaraj}: {An} {Indian} {Manifesto} on {Science} and {Technology}},\n\tshorttitle = {Knowledge {Swaraj}: {An} {Indian} {Manifesto} on {Science} and {Technology}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Hyderabad \\& Knowledge in Civil Society Forum},\n\tauthor = {{SET-DEV} and {KICS}},\n\tyear = {2011},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Technology and Innovation Policies in India: Achievements and Limits.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Joseph, K.; and Abrol, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Cassiolato, J. E.; and Vitorino, V., editor(s), BRICS and Development Alternatives: Innovation Systems and Policies, pages 101–132. Anthem Press, London, New York & Delhi, 2011.\n Google-Books-ID: S5Motpvfl4cC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@incollection{cassiolato_science_2011,\n\taddress = {London, New York \\& Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Technology} and {Innovation} {Policies} in {India}: {Achievements} and {Limits}},\n\tisbn = {9781843318309},\n\tshorttitle = {{BRICS} and {Development} {Alternatives}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/BRICS_and_Development_Alternatives/S5Motpvfl4cC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dinesh+Abrol&pg=PA101&printsec=frontcover},\n\tabstract = {The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) are currently at the crossroads of major structural economic and political changes. This book provides a comparative analysis of the national innovation systems of the five BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and the trends in each of their science, technology and innovation policies. It makes use of an analytical framework, the concept 'systems of innovation and competence building' developed within 'Globelics' (the Global Research Network on the Economics of Learning, Innovation and Capacity Building Systems).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {{BRICS} and {Development} {Alternatives}: {Innovation} {Systems} and {Policies}},\n\tpublisher = {Anthem Press},\n\tauthor = {Joseph, K.J. and Abrol, Dinesh},\n\teditor = {Cassiolato, José Eduardo and Vitorino, Virginia},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: S5Motpvfl4cC},\n\tkeywords = {Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, India, Innovation Policy, S\\&T System in India, STI Policy},\n\tpages = {101--132},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) are currently at the crossroads of major structural economic and political changes. This book provides a comparative analysis of the national innovation systems of the five BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and the trends in each of their science, technology and innovation policies. It makes use of an analytical framework, the concept 'systems of innovation and competence building' developed within 'Globelics' (the Global Research Network on the Economics of Learning, Innovation and Capacity Building Systems).\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Globalization of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Implications for Innovation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abrol, D.; Prajapati, P.; and Singh, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Institutions and Economies, 3(2): 327–365. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{abrol_globalization_2011,\n\ttitle = {Globalization of the {Indian} {Pharmaceutical} {Industry}: {Implications} for {Innovation}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 0},\n\tissn = {327-365},\n\tshorttitle = {Globalization of the {Indian} {Pharmaceutical} {Industry}},\n\turl = {https://jpmm.um.edu.my/index.php/ijie/article/view/4822},\n\tdoi = {0000},\n\tabstract = {In this article we create an industry-wide metrics of innovation based on the characterization of learning potential of foreign direct investment (FDI), technology acquisition and in-house R\\&D, analysis of patenting activity, assessment of R\\&D directions and evaluation of innovation outcomes. Our purpose is to reflect on strategies adopted for learning, competence building and innovation and for creating complementarities and linkages within India’s pharmaceutical industry during the post- Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) period. With India facing the challenge of constituting pathways and strategies for accelerated learning, we also explore through whose actions, types of strategies and routes of growth have the limits of Indian pharmaceutical industry innovation been reached within one decade. Finally, how and with what kind of policy design can the Indian state and society intervene to push the frontier of innovation further within this industry. Indian state and business have chosen globalization pathways with specifc implications for innovation. We assess systemic connections of these implications, suggesting that for a signifcant change in domestic and foreign pharmaceutical frms’ orientation to disease, as reflected in outcomes of their R\\&D investment activity, there also has to be a major focus on pathways toward innovation for domestic markets.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Institutions and Economies},\n\tauthor = {Abrol, Dinesh and Prajapati, Pramod and Singh, Nidhi},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Economic Liberalisation, India, Pharmaceuticals},\n\tpages = {327--365},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this article we create an industry-wide metrics of innovation based on the characterization of learning potential of foreign direct investment (FDI), technology acquisition and in-house R&D, analysis of patenting activity, assessment of R&D directions and evaluation of innovation outcomes. Our purpose is to reflect on strategies adopted for learning, competence building and innovation and for creating complementarities and linkages within India’s pharmaceutical industry during the post- Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) period. With India facing the challenge of constituting pathways and strategies for accelerated learning, we also explore through whose actions, types of strategies and routes of growth have the limits of Indian pharmaceutical industry innovation been reached within one decade. Finally, how and with what kind of policy design can the Indian state and society intervene to push the frontier of innovation further within this industry. Indian state and business have chosen globalization pathways with specifc implications for innovation. We assess systemic connections of these implications, suggesting that for a signifcant change in domestic and foreign pharmaceutical frms’ orientation to disease, as reflected in outcomes of their R&D investment activity, there also has to be a major focus on pathways toward innovation for domestic markets.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ICTs and Development in India: Perspectives on the Rural Network Society.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sreekumar, T. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Anthem Press, London & New York, 2011.\n Google-Books-ID: fSG7zPjAdNcC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sreekumar_icts_2011,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {{ICTs} and {Development} in {India}: {Perspectives} on the {Rural} {Network} {Society}},\n\tisbn = {9781843318439},\n\tshorttitle = {{ICTs} and {Development} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/ICTs_and_Development_in_India/fSG7zPjAdNcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=TT+Sreekumar&pg=PR9&printsec=frontcover},\n\tabstract = {'ICTs and Development in India' is a unique attempt to study the nature and consequences of the growing presence of Information Technology in development projects in India, focusing particularly on E-governance and Information \\& Communication Technologies (ICT) development programs initiated by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). Sreekumar persuasively argues that there is in fact a wide chasm between the expectations and the actual benefits of CSO initiatives in rural India, and that recognising this crucial fact yields important lessons in conceptualizing development and social action in rural areas.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Anthem Press},\n\tauthor = {Sreekumar, T. T.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: fSG7zPjAdNcC},\n\tkeywords = {Civil Society, Information \\& Communication Technology, Network Socity, Rural India, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n 'ICTs and Development in India' is a unique attempt to study the nature and consequences of the growing presence of Information Technology in development projects in India, focusing particularly on E-governance and Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) development programs initiated by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). Sreekumar persuasively argues that there is in fact a wide chasm between the expectations and the actual benefits of CSO initiatives in rural India, and that recognising this crucial fact yields important lessons in conceptualizing development and social action in rural areas.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mobile Phones and the Cultural Ecology of Fishing in Kerala, India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sreekumar, T. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Information Society, 27(3): 172–180. April 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sreekumar_mobile_2011,\n\ttitle = {Mobile {Phones} and the {Cultural} {Ecology} of {Fishing} in {Kerala}, {India}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {0197-2243, 1087-6537},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01972243.2011.566756},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01972243.2011.566756},\n\tabstract = {Studies that go beyond the ICT4D (Information and Communication Technologies for Development) framework emphasize the social and cultural dimensions of mobile phones. Nevertheless, the cultural dimension, in literature pertaining to both urban and rural use patterns, typically takes an individualistic orientation. The possibility of actualizing the collectivistic logic in a community's appropriation of new technologies is mostly overlooked. The present article explores how the fishers community in Kerala, India, use mobile phones in culturally enhancing and ecologically oriented ways that improve their working and living conditions. In the case of Kerala fishers, the impulse toward cooperation has long been ingrained in their culture, as often happens among marginalized groups. The availability of mobile technologies has allowed for the amplification of this impulse and enabled new modes of cooperation, especially in sharing of information on promising fishing spots and safety and rescue at sea.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {The Information Society},\n\tauthor = {Sreekumar, T. T.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Communications technology, Communities, Development, Fisherfolk, India, Information \\& Communication Technology, Kerala, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {172--180},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Studies that go beyond the ICT4D (Information and Communication Technologies for Development) framework emphasize the social and cultural dimensions of mobile phones. Nevertheless, the cultural dimension, in literature pertaining to both urban and rural use patterns, typically takes an individualistic orientation. The possibility of actualizing the collectivistic logic in a community's appropriation of new technologies is mostly overlooked. The present article explores how the fishers community in Kerala, India, use mobile phones in culturally enhancing and ecologically oriented ways that improve their working and living conditions. In the case of Kerala fishers, the impulse toward cooperation has long been ingrained in their culture, as often happens among marginalized groups. The availability of mobile technologies has allowed for the amplification of this impulse and enabled new modes of cooperation, especially in sharing of information on promising fishing spots and safety and rescue at sea.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Media and Science in Disaster Contexts: Deliberations on Earthquakes in the Regional Press in Kerala, India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Spontaneous Generations: A Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science, 5(1): 36–43. September 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{varughese_media_2011,\n\ttitle = {Media and {Science} in {Disaster} {Contexts}: {Deliberations} on {Earthquakes} in the {Regional} {Press} in {Kerala}, {India}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c)},\n\tissn = {1913-0465},\n\tshorttitle = {Media and {Science} in {Disaster} {Contexts}},\n\turl = {https://spontaneousgenerations.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/SpontaneousGenerations/article/view/14969},\n\tdoi = {10.4245/sponge.v5i1.14969},\n\tabstract = {The close coupling between media and science becomes predominant in the context of public controversies over science during disasters like earthquakes. The paper discusses some crucial aspects of this dynamic by investigating the role of regional press in Kerala, India, in initiating and maintaining a public controversy over a series of micro earthquakes in 2001 amidst growing public skepticism over the competence of Earth Science to convincingly explain the phenomenon. The press employed various strategies to challenge the official scientific explanation of the phenomenon and broke open the ground for a spectrum of alternative interpretations and critical interventions, affirming greater public participation in science. Most of the experts continued to downplay the concerns raised by the media, but closure was attained when a lesser-known team of experts convincingly interpreted the geological events while participating in the deliberations. The paper analyses how the media played a crucial role in revealing and enhancing the entanglement of science with diverse actors and institutions during the controversy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-04-19},\n\tjournal = {Spontaneous Generations: A Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Citizen science, India, Kerala, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Public Understanding of Science, Public controversy over S\\&T, Public sphere, Publics, Science and Democracy},\n\tpages = {36--43},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The close coupling between media and science becomes predominant in the context of public controversies over science during disasters like earthquakes. The paper discusses some crucial aspects of this dynamic by investigating the role of regional press in Kerala, India, in initiating and maintaining a public controversy over a series of micro earthquakes in 2001 amidst growing public skepticism over the competence of Earth Science to convincingly explain the phenomenon. The press employed various strategies to challenge the official scientific explanation of the phenomenon and broke open the ground for a spectrum of alternative interpretations and critical interventions, affirming greater public participation in science. Most of the experts continued to downplay the concerns raised by the media, but closure was attained when a lesser-known team of experts convincingly interpreted the geological events while participating in the deliberations. The paper analyses how the media played a crucial role in revealing and enhancing the entanglement of science with diverse actors and institutions during the controversy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Rare Earths: The Coldwar in the Annals of Travencore.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hecht, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hecht, G., editor(s), Entangled Geographies: Empire and Technopolitics in the Global Cold War, pages 101–124. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and London, April 2011.\n Google-Books-ID: 2svxCwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{hecht_rare_2011,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, MA and London},\n\ttitle = {Rare {Earths}: {The} {Coldwar} in the {Annals} of {Travencore}},\n\tisbn = {9780262294751},\n\tshorttitle = {Entangled {Geographies}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Entangled {Geographies}: {Empire} and {Technopolitics} in the {Global} {Cold} {War}},\n\tpublisher = {MIT Press},\n\tauthor = {Hecht, Gabrielle},\n\teditor = {Hecht, Gabrielle},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 2svxCwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, History of Technology, India, Kerala, Princely States in India, Rare earths, Technologies-in-Practice, Travencore},\n\tpages = {101--124},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Knowledge Production in Biotechnology in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mallick, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 30(2): 46–54. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mallick_knowledge_2011,\n\ttitle = {Knowledge {Production} in {Biotechnology} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {1937-416X},\n\turl = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5871535},\n\tdoi = {10.1109/MTS.2011.941401},\n\tabstract = {The 21st century marks a significant change to the context in which knowledge is produced. The new institutional arrangements that seek to protect knowledge and its applications - and the possible global networking of organizations and global flows of knowledge - have changed the context of knowledge production. Some developing countries like India have built impressive research and development (R\\&D) institutions in the latter half of the 20th century, attempting to seize opportunities in the new context of R\\&D. There has been a changed culture of innovation in India after the product patent regime was adopted by the Government of India (Gol) in January 2005. Two case studies in the area of the pharmaceutical biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology help illustrate the networking of R\\&D organizations for innovation in India. These developments also raise larger questions relating to equity in access to innovations in India.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {IEEE Technology and Society Magazine},\n\tauthor = {Mallick, Sambit},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Biotechnology, Collaboration, India, Knowledge engineering, Technological innovation},\n\tpages = {46--54},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The 21st century marks a significant change to the context in which knowledge is produced. The new institutional arrangements that seek to protect knowledge and its applications - and the possible global networking of organizations and global flows of knowledge - have changed the context of knowledge production. Some developing countries like India have built impressive research and development (R&D) institutions in the latter half of the 20th century, attempting to seize opportunities in the new context of R&D. There has been a changed culture of innovation in India after the product patent regime was adopted by the Government of India (Gol) in January 2005. Two case studies in the area of the pharmaceutical biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology help illustrate the networking of R&D organizations for innovation in India. These developments also raise larger questions relating to equity in access to innovations in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Clinician-Patient Communication in a Glaucoma Clinic in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mocherla, S.; Raman, U.; and Holden, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Qualitative Health Research, 21(3): 429–440. March 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mocherla_clinician-patient_2011,\n\ttitle = {Clinician-{Patient} {Communication} in a {Glaucoma} {Clinic} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tissn = {1049-7323, 1552-7557},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1049732310386050},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1049732310386050},\n\tabstract = {We compiled data from nonparticipant observations of clinician—patient communication in clinical interactions in a tertiary care eye hospital in India. Applying elements of the French philosopher Michel Foucault’s concept of power and knowledge, we deconstructed the structuring and moderating influences on the expert/nonexpert dyad. We found that clinicians enforce their “disciplining power” through varying degrees of communicativeness to bring about compliance in the patient. Clinicians appear to classify the patient as “participant” or “deviant” based on the patient’s “internalization” of instructions, and then communicate in predictable ways with the patient. Patients can also wield power, communicating it by understanding and following or not understanding and not clarifying/verifying instructions in the clinic, and thereafter failing to comply with the clinician’s advice. We suggest that clinicians need to hone their communication skills both to optimally utilize interactions in the clinic and to encourage patient compliance, thereby making possible better treatment outcomes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Qualitative Health Research},\n\tauthor = {Mocherla, Shobha and Raman, Usha and Holden, Brien},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Communication, India, Medical Sociology},\n\tpages = {429--440},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n We compiled data from nonparticipant observations of clinician—patient communication in clinical interactions in a tertiary care eye hospital in India. Applying elements of the French philosopher Michel Foucault’s concept of power and knowledge, we deconstructed the structuring and moderating influences on the expert/nonexpert dyad. We found that clinicians enforce their “disciplining power” through varying degrees of communicativeness to bring about compliance in the patient. Clinicians appear to classify the patient as “participant” or “deviant” based on the patient’s “internalization” of instructions, and then communicate in predictable ways with the patient. Patients can also wield power, communicating it by understanding and following or not understanding and not clarifying/verifying instructions in the clinic, and thereafter failing to comply with the clinician’s advice. We suggest that clinicians need to hone their communication skills both to optimally utilize interactions in the clinic and to encourage patient compliance, thereby making possible better treatment outcomes.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Contradictions in the Last Mile: Suicide, Culture, and E-Agriculture in Rural India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stone, G. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 36(6): 759–790. November 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{stone_contradictions_2011,\n\ttitle = {Contradictions in the {Last} {Mile}: {Suicide}, {Culture}, and {E}-{Agriculture} in {Rural} {India}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Contradictions in the {Last} {Mile}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243910374808},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0162243910374808},\n\tabstract = {Despite its use to exemplify how the world is “flat,” India is in many ways “spiky.” Hyderabad is a prosperous hub of information–communication technology (ICT) while its impoverished agricultural hinterland is best known for dysfunctional agriculture and farmer suicide. Based on the belief that a lack of knowledge and skill lay at the root of agrarian distress, the “e-Sagu” project aimed to leverage the city’s scientific expertise and ICT capability to aid cotton farmers. The project fit with a national surge of “last mile” projects bringing ICT to the village, but it was unique in using ICT to connect farmers directly with agricultural scientists acting as advisors. Such projects fit the interests of many actors, which has led to an unrealistic national enthusiasm about their impacts. This article uses the first five years of the project as a lens to view the cultural nature of both indigenous agricultural knowledge and “scientific” agricultural advising. Unlike lay publics whose uptake of science is better known, with farmers the invention and adoption of agro-scientific knowledge is deeply embedded in daily productive activities and sociocultural interactions. E-Sagu eventually had to abandon its construction of agricultural science as objective and acultural, resorting to rural methods of persuasion. It also found that it could only survive by joining forces with companies promoting commodification of agricultural inputs, which was a cause of the agrarian distress it sought to alleviate.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Stone, Glenn Davis},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Agrarian Crisis, Digital STS, Hyderabad, India},\n\tpages = {759--790},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Despite its use to exemplify how the world is “flat,” India is in many ways “spiky.” Hyderabad is a prosperous hub of information–communication technology (ICT) while its impoverished agricultural hinterland is best known for dysfunctional agriculture and farmer suicide. Based on the belief that a lack of knowledge and skill lay at the root of agrarian distress, the “e-Sagu” project aimed to leverage the city’s scientific expertise and ICT capability to aid cotton farmers. The project fit with a national surge of “last mile” projects bringing ICT to the village, but it was unique in using ICT to connect farmers directly with agricultural scientists acting as advisors. Such projects fit the interests of many actors, which has led to an unrealistic national enthusiasm about their impacts. This article uses the first five years of the project as a lens to view the cultural nature of both indigenous agricultural knowledge and “scientific” agricultural advising. Unlike lay publics whose uptake of science is better known, with farmers the invention and adoption of agro-scientific knowledge is deeply embedded in daily productive activities and sociocultural interactions. E-Sagu eventually had to abandon its construction of agricultural science as objective and acultural, resorting to rural methods of persuasion. It also found that it could only survive by joining forces with companies promoting commodification of agricultural inputs, which was a cause of the agrarian distress it sought to alleviate.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Lokman, Chholeman and Manik Pir: Multiple Frames of Institutionalising Islamic Medicine in Modern Bengal.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social history of medicine, 24(3): 720–738. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukharji_lokman_2011,\n\ttitle = {Lokman, {Chholeman} and {Manik} {Pir}: {Multiple} {Frames} of {Institutionalising} {Islamic} {Medicine} in {Modern} {Bengal}},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tabstract = {As a Muslim-majority region, Bengal is conspicuous by its absence from histories of the institutionalisation of Islamic medicine in South Asia. Bengal's invisibility in these histories is partly a result of exclusive scholarly pre-occupations with Unani Tibb and, to a much lesser extent, Tibb ul Nabi. ‘Islamic medicine’ in Bengal was institutionalised under other names and drew upon other traditions. This article explores the institutionalisation of three such traditions of ‘Islamic Medicine’ and argues that the form they took drew directly upon the distinctive history of Islam in Bengal.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Social history of medicine},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, History of Medicine, India, Islamic Medicine, Islamic science},\n\tpages = {720--738},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n As a Muslim-majority region, Bengal is conspicuous by its absence from histories of the institutionalisation of Islamic medicine in South Asia. Bengal's invisibility in these histories is partly a result of exclusive scholarly pre-occupations with Unani Tibb and, to a much lesser extent, Tibb ul Nabi. ‘Islamic medicine’ in Bengal was institutionalised under other names and drew upon other traditions. This article explores the institutionalisation of three such traditions of ‘Islamic Medicine’ and argues that the form they took drew directly upon the distinctive history of Islam in Bengal.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dispersed Radiance: Caste, Gender, and Modern Science in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sur, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Navayana Pub., 2011.\n Google-Books-ID: bQFFLgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{sur_dispersed_2011,\n\ttitle = {Dispersed {Radiance}: {Caste}, {Gender}, and {Modern} {Science} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788189059323},\n\tshorttitle = {Dispersed {Radiance}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Navayana Pub.},\n\tauthor = {Sur, Abha},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: bQFFLgEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 2010\n \n \n (19)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Telegraphic Imperialism: Crisis and Panic in the Indian Empire, c.1830-1920.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Choudhury, D. K. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, October 2010.\n Google-Books-ID: QZJ_DAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{choudhury_telegraphic_2010,\n\taddress = {Hampshire},\n\ttitle = {Telegraphic {Imperialism}: {Crisis} and {Panic} in the {Indian} {Empire}, c.1830-1920},\n\tisbn = {9780230289604},\n\tshorttitle = {Telegraphic {Imperialism}},\n\tabstract = {The first electronic communication network transformed language, distance, and time. This book researches the telegraph system of the British Indian Empire, c.1850 to 1920, exploring one of the most significant transnational phenomena of the imperial world, and the link between communication, Empire, and social change.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},\n\tauthor = {Choudhury, Deep Kanta Lahiri},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: QZJ\\_DAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, British Empire, British India, Colonialism, Social History of Technology, Technology \\& Society, Telegraph},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The first electronic communication network transformed language, distance, and time. This book researches the telegraph system of the British Indian Empire, c.1850 to 1920, exploring one of the most significant transnational phenomena of the imperial world, and the link between communication, Empire, and social change.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Modern India: An Institutional History, C. 1784-1947.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dasgupta, U.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume XV, Part 4 of History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Volume XV, Part 4Longman Pearson Education, Delhi, 2010.\n Google-Books-ID: 9O2gnQAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{dasgupta_science_2010,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\tseries = {History of {Science}, {Philosophy} and {Culture} in {Indian} {Civilization}, {Volume} {XV}, {Part} 4},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Modern} {India}: {An} {Institutional} {History}, {C}. 1784-1947},\n\tvolume = {XV, Part 4},\n\tisbn = {9789332502949},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and {Modern} {India}},\n\tabstract = {Science and Modern India: An Institutional History, c.1784-1947: Project of History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Volume XV, Part 4 comprises 35 chapters contributed by eminent scholars. It discusses in a simple, lucid manner, the historical background of the establishment of science institutes that were established in pre-Independence India, and still exist, their functions and their present status. This volume is divided into six parts, each discussing Indian science institutes that specialize in a particular field. Part IV delves into the area of engineering sciences.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Longman Pearson Education},\n\teditor = {Dasgupta, Uma},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 9O2gnQAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {18th Century, 19th Century, 20th Century, Colonial India, Colonial Science, History of Disciplines, India, Institutions, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science and Modern India: An Institutional History, c.1784-1947: Project of History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Volume XV, Part 4 comprises 35 chapters contributed by eminent scholars. It discusses in a simple, lucid manner, the historical background of the establishment of science institutes that were established in pre-Independence India, and still exist, their functions and their present status. This volume is divided into six parts, each discussing Indian science institutes that specialize in a particular field. Part IV delves into the area of engineering sciences.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Society in India, 1750-2000.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bandopadhyay, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Manohar Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, 2010.\n Google-Books-ID: boCpYgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bandopadhyay_science_2010,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Society} in {India}, 1750-2000},\n\tisbn = {9788173048548},\n\tabstract = {Arguing that approaches to the study of the history of science underwent critical changes in the last two centuries before they could more definitely tilt towards the social dimensions of the making of science, this book explains that the development of the history of science during the last 50 years has been marked by a proliferation of methods and perspectives rather than by the emergence of a consensus."},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Manohar Publishers \\& Distributors},\n\tauthor = {Bandopadhyay, Arun},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: boCpYgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, 20th Century, India, Scientific method, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Arguing that approaches to the study of the history of science underwent critical changes in the last two centuries before they could more definitely tilt towards the social dimensions of the making of science, this book explains that the development of the history of science during the last 50 years has been marked by a proliferation of methods and perspectives rather than by the emergence of a consensus.\"\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Intellectual Property Rights Regime and Emerging Institutional Framework of Scientific Research: Responses from Plant Molecular Biologists in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ejnavarzala, H.; and Mallick, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Journal of Social Science, 38(1): 79–106. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{ejnavarzala_intellectual_2010,\n\ttitle = {The {Intellectual} {Property} {Rights} {Regime} and {Emerging} {Institutional} {Framework} of {Scientific} {Research}: {Responses} from {Plant} {Molecular} {Biologists} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tshorttitle = {The intellectual property rights regime and emerging institutional framework of scientific research},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/view/journals/ajss/38/1/article-p79_6.xml},\n\tabstract = {The Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) regime has brought about a new set of interests, meanings, values, norms, etc. that have a potential to influence the practices of the scientific community in India. The research community in plant molecular biology, which is no exception to this, seems to be increasingly influenced by considerations of the potential of research for attaining patents. In the light of this, we attempt to capture the emerging institutional framework of scientific research that is contingent upon the protocols of the IPRs and changing scientific practices. Particular attention is paid to the views of scientists in India engaged in research in plant molecular biology on genetic engineering, agro-climatic specificities (as well as transgenics) and the changing relationship between scientists and boundary organisations.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Asian Journal of Social Science},\n\tauthor = {Ejnavarzala, Haribabu and Mallick, Sambit},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {Genetics, Intellectual Property Rights, Molecular biology, Science Policy},\n\tpages = {79--106},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) regime has brought about a new set of interests, meanings, values, norms, etc. that have a potential to influence the practices of the scientific community in India. The research community in plant molecular biology, which is no exception to this, seems to be increasingly influenced by considerations of the potential of research for attaining patents. In the light of this, we attempt to capture the emerging institutional framework of scientific research that is contingent upon the protocols of the IPRs and changing scientific practices. Particular attention is paid to the views of scientists in India engaged in research in plant molecular biology on genetic engineering, agro-climatic specificities (as well as transgenics) and the changing relationship between scientists and boundary organisations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science between Europe and Asia: Historical Studies on the Transmission, Adoption and Adaptation of Knowledge.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Günergun, F.; and Raina, D.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Springer Science & Business Media, December 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{gunergun_science_2010,\n\ttitle = {Science between {Europe} and {Asia}: {Historical} {Studies} on the {Transmission}, {Adoption} and {Adaptation} of {Knowledge}},\n\tisbn = {9789048199686},\n\tshorttitle = {Science between {Europe} and {Asia}},\n\tabstract = {This book explores the various historical and cultural aspects of scientific, medical and technical exchanges that occurred between central Europe and Asia. A number of papers investigate the printing, gunpowder, guncasting, shipbuilding, metallurgical and drilling technologies while others deal with mapping techniques, the adoption of written calculation and mechanical clocks as well as the use of medical techniques such as pulse taking and electrotherapy. While human mobility played a significant role in the exchange of knowledge, translating European books into local languages helped the introduction of new knowledge in mathematical, physical and natural sciences from central Europe to its periphery and to the Middle East and Asian cultures. The book argues that the process of transmission of knowledge whether theoretical or practical was not a simple and one-way process from the donor to the receiver as it is often admitted, but a multi-dimensional and complex cultural process of selection and transformation where ancient scientific and local traditions and elements. The book explores the issue from a different geopolitical perspective, namely not focusing on a singular recipient and several points of distribution, namely the metropolitan centres of science, medicine, and technology, but on regions that are both recipients and distributors and provides new perspectives based on newly investigated material for historical studies on the cross scientific exchanges between different parts of the world.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Science \\& Business Media},\n\teditor = {Günergun, Feza and Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2010},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book explores the various historical and cultural aspects of scientific, medical and technical exchanges that occurred between central Europe and Asia. A number of papers investigate the printing, gunpowder, guncasting, shipbuilding, metallurgical and drilling technologies while others deal with mapping techniques, the adoption of written calculation and mechanical clocks as well as the use of medical techniques such as pulse taking and electrotherapy. While human mobility played a significant role in the exchange of knowledge, translating European books into local languages helped the introduction of new knowledge in mathematical, physical and natural sciences from central Europe to its periphery and to the Middle East and Asian cultures. The book argues that the process of transmission of knowledge whether theoretical or practical was not a simple and one-way process from the donor to the receiver as it is often admitted, but a multi-dimensional and complex cultural process of selection and transformation where ancient scientific and local traditions and elements. The book explores the issue from a different geopolitical perspective, namely not focusing on a singular recipient and several points of distribution, namely the metropolitan centres of science, medicine, and technology, but on regions that are both recipients and distributors and provides new perspectives based on newly investigated material for historical studies on the cross scientific exchanges between different parts of the world.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n DNA Barcoding: Access to Biodiversity and Benefit-Sharing Policy Issues in the Indian Context.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ejnavarzala, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 99(5): 594–600. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ejnavarzala_dna_2010,\n\ttitle = {{DNA} {Barcoding}: {Access} to {Biodiversity} and {Benefit}-{Sharing} {Policy} {Issues} in the {Indian} {Context}},\n\tvolume = {99},\n\tshorttitle = {{DNA} barcoding},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24108311},\n\tabstract = {Access to biodiversity for research and development in India is regulated by the National Biological\n Diversity Act (NBDA) of2002 which gave effect to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Some of\n the provisions of the Act have been amended on the basis of reactions to the Act. In addition to the\n provisions that govern access and benefit-sharing for commercial research, specific provisions\n regarding access and benefit-sharing in the context of non-commercial research have to be evolved\n in the wake of DNA barcoding becoming a reality for advancing taxonomic knowledge of biodiver\n sity in the country. In the context of barcoding technology, policy questions relate to regulation of\n access to biodiversity and ethical questions relate to consequences for the livelihoods and culture\n of the stewards of biodiversity and the environment. Stewards of biodiversity must be involved in\n evolving norms regarding the access and benefit-sharing in the context of extending access to bio\n diversity for commercial and non-commercial research, in the development of barcoding technology\n and its use so that they are empowered to monitor, maintain and develop biodiver},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Ejnavarzala, Haribabu},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {Convention on Biological Diversity, Genetics, India},\n\tpages = {594--600},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Access to biodiversity for research and development in India is regulated by the National Biological Diversity Act (NBDA) of2002 which gave effect to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Some of the provisions of the Act have been amended on the basis of reactions to the Act. In addition to the provisions that govern access and benefit-sharing for commercial research, specific provisions regarding access and benefit-sharing in the context of non-commercial research have to be evolved in the wake of DNA barcoding becoming a reality for advancing taxonomic knowledge of biodiver sity in the country. In the context of barcoding technology, policy questions relate to regulation of access to biodiversity and ethical questions relate to consequences for the livelihoods and culture of the stewards of biodiversity and the environment. Stewards of biodiversity must be involved in evolving norms regarding the access and benefit-sharing in the context of extending access to bio diversity for commercial and non-commercial research, in the development of barcoding technology and its use so that they are empowered to monitor, maintain and develop biodiver\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sciences and the Global: On Methods, Questions, and Theory.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sivasundaram, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 101(1): 146–158. March 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sivasundaram_sciences_2010,\n\ttitle = {Sciences and the {Global}: {On} {Methods}, {Questions}, and {Theory}},\n\tvolume = {101},\n\tissn = {0021-1753, 1545-6994},\n\tshorttitle = {Sciences and the {Global}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/652694},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/652694},\n\tabstract = {This essay explores the mechanics of researching and writing globally oriented histories of science. Thinking about how to approach sources is vital, especially given how often historians of science use the excuse of a lack of sources for constraining their projects to European topics. The first section suggests a method of cross-contextualization, where scarce and unorthodox sources are read within and alongside more plentiful and traditional ones. The next section considers historiography, critiquing the continuing hold of the terms “colonial” and “national” in current work that aspires to be more global. The final section considers practice and network theory, asking whether the way we utilize these tools in fact returns us, instinctively, to European and Eurocentric ways of conceiving how science works.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Sivasundaram, Sujit},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {Global Histroy, Historiographies, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, South Asia},\n\tpages = {146--158},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This essay explores the mechanics of researching and writing globally oriented histories of science. Thinking about how to approach sources is vital, especially given how often historians of science use the excuse of a lack of sources for constraining their projects to European topics. The first section suggests a method of cross-contextualization, where scarce and unorthodox sources are read within and alongside more plentiful and traditional ones. The next section considers historiography, critiquing the continuing hold of the terms “colonial” and “national” in current work that aspires to be more global. The final section considers practice and network theory, asking whether the way we utilize these tools in fact returns us, instinctively, to European and Eurocentric ways of conceiving how science works.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Focus: Global Histories of Science: Introduction.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sivasundaram, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 101(1): 95–97. March 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sivasundaram_focus_2010,\n\ttitle = {Focus: {Global} {Histories} of {Science}: {Introduction}},\n\tvolume = {101},\n\tissn = {1545-6994},\n\tshorttitle = {Focus},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1086/652690},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/652690},\n\tabstract = {An interest in global histories of science is not new. Yet the project envisioned by this Focus section is different from that pursued by natural historians and natural philosophers in the early modern age. Instead of tracing universal patterns, there is value in attending to the connections and disconnections of science on the global stage. Instead of assuming the precision of science's boundaries, historians might consider the categories of "science" and "indigenous knowledge" to have emerged from globalization. New global histories of science will be characterized by critical reflection on the limits of generalization, as well as a creative adoption of new sources, methods, and chronologies, in an attempt to decenter the European history of science. Such a project holds the promise of opening up new conversations between historians, anthropologists, philosophers, and sociologists of science. It is of critical importance if the discipline is not to fragment into regional and national subfields or become dominated by structural frameworks such as imperialism.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Sivasundaram, Sujit},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpmid = {20575491},\n\tkeywords = {Global Histroy, Historiographies, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {95--97},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n An interest in global histories of science is not new. Yet the project envisioned by this Focus section is different from that pursued by natural historians and natural philosophers in the early modern age. Instead of tracing universal patterns, there is value in attending to the connections and disconnections of science on the global stage. Instead of assuming the precision of science's boundaries, historians might consider the categories of \"science\" and \"indigenous knowledge\" to have emerged from globalization. New global histories of science will be characterized by critical reflection on the limits of generalization, as well as a creative adoption of new sources, methods, and chronologies, in an attempt to decenter the European history of science. Such a project holds the promise of opening up new conversations between historians, anthropologists, philosophers, and sociologists of science. It is of critical importance if the discipline is not to fragment into regional and national subfields or become dominated by structural frameworks such as imperialism.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Madame Blavatsky’s Children: Modern Hindu Encounters with Darwinism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In James R., L.; and Olav, H., editor(s), Handbook of religion and the authority of science, pages 279–344. Brill, Leiden, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{nanda_madame_2010,\n\taddress = {Leiden},\n\ttitle = {Madame {Blavatsky}’s {Children}: {Modern} {Hindu} {Encounters} with {Darwinism}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004187917.i-924.90},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Handbook of religion and the authority of science},\n\tpublisher = {Brill},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\teditor = {James R., Lewis and Olav, Hammer},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Creationism, Darwinism, Evolution, Hinduism, India},\n\tpages = {279--344},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mad Tales from the Raj: Colonial Psychiatry in South Asia, 1800-58.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ernst, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Anthem Press, March 2010.\n Google-Books-ID: yVN8CAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ernst_mad_2010,\n\ttitle = {Mad {Tales} from the {Raj}: {Colonial} {Psychiatry} in {South} {Asia}, 1800-58},\n\tisbn = {9780857286734},\n\tshorttitle = {Mad {Tales} from the {Raj}},\n\tabstract = {‘Mad Tales from the Raj’ is an extensively researched study of mental illness within the context of British colonialism in early nineteenth-century India. The author challenges the assumption that western medical psychology was impartial and highlights the extent to which it reflected British colonial ideology and practice. This long overdue reprint makes available in easily accessible form an authoritative assessment of western, institution-based psychiatry during the East India Company’s period. It includes a fully revised introduction that locates the work in relation to recent scholarly discourse in the field of history of colonial medicine as well as additional material on the treatment of the 'native insane'. The book provides the first comprehensive account of official attitudes and practices in relation to both Indian and European patients at a time when the dictum of the 'civilising mission' guided colonial social policy towards the colonized, and mental illness among the colonizers was seen to tarnish the prestige of the ruling race. Based on archival sources and reports by medical experts, the book provides a highly readable and illuminating account of contemporary psychiatric treatment and colonial policies. It will be fascinating reading not only to students of colonial history, medical sociology and related disciplines, but to all those with a general interest in life in the colonies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Anthem Press},\n\tauthor = {Ernst, Waltraud},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: yVN8CAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Medicine, Mental Health, Mental Illness, Psychiatry, Social History of Medicine, Sociology of Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n ‘Mad Tales from the Raj’ is an extensively researched study of mental illness within the context of British colonialism in early nineteenth-century India. The author challenges the assumption that western medical psychology was impartial and highlights the extent to which it reflected British colonial ideology and practice. This long overdue reprint makes available in easily accessible form an authoritative assessment of western, institution-based psychiatry during the East India Company’s period. It includes a fully revised introduction that locates the work in relation to recent scholarly discourse in the field of history of colonial medicine as well as additional material on the treatment of the 'native insane'. The book provides the first comprehensive account of official attitudes and practices in relation to both Indian and European patients at a time when the dictum of the 'civilising mission' guided colonial social policy towards the colonized, and mental illness among the colonizers was seen to tarnish the prestige of the ruling race. Based on archival sources and reports by medical experts, the book provides a highly readable and illuminating account of contemporary psychiatric treatment and colonial policies. It will be fascinating reading not only to students of colonial history, medical sociology and related disciplines, but to all those with a general interest in life in the colonies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Joseph, G. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Princeton University Press, London and New York, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{joseph_crest_2010,\n\taddress = {London and New York},\n\ttitle = {The {Crest} of the {Peacock}: {Non}-{European} {Roots} of {Mathematics}},\n\tshorttitle = {The crest of the peacock},\n\turl = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ymud91nTc9YC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=info:TwbNuNkgTf0J:scholar.google.com&ots=37yN23foet&sig=1z0W5FQFkO_JzkRN44DEquFHeao},\n\tabstract = {From the Ishango Bone of central Africa and the Inca quipu of South America to the dawn of modern mathematics, The Crest of the Peacock makes it clear that human beings everywhere have been capable of advanced and innovative mathematical thinking. George Gheverghese Joseph takes us on a breathtaking multicultural tour of the roots and shoots of non-European mathematics. He shows us the deep influence that the Egyptians and Babylonians had on the Greeks, the Arabs' major creative contributions, and the astounding range of successes of the great civilizations of India and China. The third edition emphasizes the dialogue between civilizations, and further explores how mathematical ideas were transmitted from East to West. The book's scope is now even wider, incorporating recent findings on the history of mathematics in China, India, and early Islamic civilizations as well as Egypt and Mesopotamia. With more detailed coverage of proto-mathematics and the origins of trigonometry and infinity in the East, The Crest of the Peacock further illuminates the global history of mathematics.},\n\turldate = {2024-05-09},\n\tpublisher = {Princeton University Press},\n\tauthor = {Joseph, George Gheverghese},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {History of Astronomy, History of Mathematics, History of STS, India, South Asia},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n From the Ishango Bone of central Africa and the Inca quipu of South America to the dawn of modern mathematics, The Crest of the Peacock makes it clear that human beings everywhere have been capable of advanced and innovative mathematical thinking. George Gheverghese Joseph takes us on a breathtaking multicultural tour of the roots and shoots of non-European mathematics. He shows us the deep influence that the Egyptians and Babylonians had on the Greeks, the Arabs' major creative contributions, and the astounding range of successes of the great civilizations of India and China. The third edition emphasizes the dialogue between civilizations, and further explores how mathematical ideas were transmitted from East to West. The book's scope is now even wider, incorporating recent findings on the history of mathematics in China, India, and early Islamic civilizations as well as Egypt and Mesopotamia. With more detailed coverage of proto-mathematics and the origins of trigonometry and infinity in the East, The Crest of the Peacock further illuminates the global history of mathematics.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Masterful Spirit: Homi J. Bhabha, 1909-1966.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chowdhury, I.; and Dasgupta, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chowdhury_masterful_2010,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {A {Masterful} {Spirit}: {Homi} {J}. {Bhabha}, 1909-1966},\n\tshorttitle = {A masterful spirit},\n\turl = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=5699703609993506467&hl=en&oi=scholarr},\n\tabstract = {A biography of Dr Homi J Bhabha, an Indian Nuclear Physicists.},\n\turldate = {2024-05-06},\n\tpublisher = {Penguin Books},\n\tauthor = {Chowdhury, Indira and Dasgupta, Ananya},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, India, Nuclear energy, Post colonial Science, TIFR},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A biography of Dr Homi J Bhabha, an Indian Nuclear Physicists.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nucleus and Nation: Scientists, International Networks, and Power in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Anderson, R. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, May 2010.\n Google-Books-ID: 3BcKqXOeSbAC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{anderson_nucleus_2010,\n\taddress = {Chicago and London},\n\ttitle = {Nucleus and {Nation}: {Scientists}, {International} {Networks}, and {Power} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780226019772},\n\tshorttitle = {Nucleus and {Nation}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Nucleus_and_Nation/3BcKqXOeSbAC?hl=en&gbpv=1},\n\tabstract = {In 1974 India joined the elite roster of nuclear world powers when it exploded its first nuclear bomb. But the technological progress that facilitated that feat was set in motion many decades before, as India sought both independence from the British and respect from the larger world. Over the course of the twentieth century, India metamorphosed from a marginal place to a serious hub of technological and scientific innovation. It is this tale of transformation that Robert S. Anderson recounts in Nucleus and Nation. Tracing the long institutional and individual preparations for India’s first nuclear test and its consequences, Anderson begins with the careers of India’s renowned scientists—Meghnad Saha, Shanti Bhatnagar, Homi Bhabha, and their patron Jawaharlal Nehru—in the first half of the twentieth century before focusing on the evolution of the large and complex scientific community—especially Vikram Sarabhi—in the later part of the era. By contextualizing Indian debates over nuclear power within the larger conversation about modernization and industrialization, Anderson hones in on the thorny issue of the integration of science into the framework and self-reliant ideals of Indian nationalism. In this way, Nucleus and Nation is more than a history of nuclear science and engineering and the Indian Atomic Energy Commission; it is a unique perspective on the history of Indian nationhood and the politics of its scientific community.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Anderson, Robert S.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3BcKqXOeSbAC},\n\tkeywords = {India, Nation, Nation State, Nuclear energy, Nuclear weapons, Physics, Technocracy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In 1974 India joined the elite roster of nuclear world powers when it exploded its first nuclear bomb. But the technological progress that facilitated that feat was set in motion many decades before, as India sought both independence from the British and respect from the larger world. Over the course of the twentieth century, India metamorphosed from a marginal place to a serious hub of technological and scientific innovation. It is this tale of transformation that Robert S. Anderson recounts in Nucleus and Nation. Tracing the long institutional and individual preparations for India’s first nuclear test and its consequences, Anderson begins with the careers of India’s renowned scientists—Meghnad Saha, Shanti Bhatnagar, Homi Bhabha, and their patron Jawaharlal Nehru—in the first half of the twentieth century before focusing on the evolution of the large and complex scientific community—especially Vikram Sarabhi—in the later part of the era. By contextualizing Indian debates over nuclear power within the larger conversation about modernization and industrialization, Anderson hones in on the thorny issue of the integration of science into the framework and self-reliant ideals of Indian nationalism. In this way, Nucleus and Nation is more than a history of nuclear science and engineering and the Indian Atomic Energy Commission; it is a unique perspective on the history of Indian nationhood and the politics of its scientific community.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Dutch Trading Companies As Knowledge Networks.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Huigen, S.; Jong, J. L. D.; and Kolfin, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BRILL, Leiden, 2010.\n Google-Books-ID: q8d09WTv7fUC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{huigen_dutch_2010,\n\taddress = {Leiden},\n\ttitle = {The {Dutch} {Trading} {Companies} {As} {Knowledge} {Networks}},\n\tisbn = {9789004186590},\n\tabstract = {Ship sailed from India across the Bay of Bengal. The ship carried one of the Linnaeus student, Oolf Toren, who would bring back new plants from Kedah, the one port on the Malay coast, which was out of reach of the VOC.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {BRILL},\n\tauthor = {Huigen, Siegfried and Jong, Jan L. De and Kolfin, Elmer},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: q8d09WTv7fUC},\n\tkeywords = {Bay of Bengal, Colonial History, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Ship sailed from India across the Bay of Bengal. The ship carried one of the Linnaeus student, Oolf Toren, who would bring back new plants from Kedah, the one port on the Malay coast, which was out of reach of the VOC.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Development of Calculus in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramasubramanian, K.; and Srinivas, M. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Seshadri, C. S., editor(s), Studies in the History of Indian Mathematics, pages 201–286. Hindustan Book Agency, Gurgaon, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{ramasubramanian_development_2010,\n\taddress = {Gurgaon},\n\ttitle = {Development of {Calculus} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9789386279491},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-93-86279-49-1_8},\n\tabstract = {In his pioneering history of calculus written sixty years ago, Carl Boyer was totally dismissive of the Indian contributions to the conceptual development of the subject.1 Boyer’s historical overview was written around the same time when (i) Ramavarma Maru Thampuran and Akhileswarayyar brought out the first edition of the Mathematics part of the seminal text Gaṇita-yukti-bhāṣā, and (ii) C.T. Rajagopal and his collaborators, in a series of pioneering studies, drew attention to the significance of the results and techniques outlined in Yuktibhāṣā (and the work of the Kerala School of Mathematics in general), which seem to have been forgotten after the initial notice by Charles Whish in early nineteenth century. These and the subsequent studies have led to a somewhat different perception of the Indian contribution to the development of calculus as may be gleaned from the following quotation from a recent work on the history of mathematics:2We have here a prime example of two traditions whose aims were completely different. The Euclidean ideology of proof which was so influential in the Islamic world had no apparent influence in India (as al-Biruni had complained long before), even if there is a possibility that the Greek tables of ‘trigonometric functions’ had been transmitted and refined. To suppose that some version of ‘calculus’ underlay the derivation of the series must be a matter of conjecture.The single exception to this generalization is a long work, much admired in Kerala, which was known as Yuktibhāṣā, by Jyeṣṭhadeva; this contains something more like proofs—but again, given the different paradigm, we should be cautious about assuming that they are meant to serve the same functions. Both the authorship and date of this work are hard to establish exactly (the date usually claimed is the sixteenth century), but it does give explanations of how the formulae are arrived at which could be taken as a version of the calculus.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-09},\n\tbooktitle = {Studies in the {History} of {Indian} {Mathematics}},\n\tpublisher = {Hindustan Book Agency},\n\tauthor = {Ramasubramanian, K. and Srinivas, M. D.},\n\teditor = {Seshadri, C. S.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-93-86279-49-1_8},\n\tkeywords = {Calculus, History of Mathematics, India},\n\tpages = {201--286},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In his pioneering history of calculus written sixty years ago, Carl Boyer was totally dismissive of the Indian contributions to the conceptual development of the subject.1 Boyer’s historical overview was written around the same time when (i) Ramavarma Maru Thampuran and Akhileswarayyar brought out the first edition of the Mathematics part of the seminal text Gaṇita-yukti-bhāṣā, and (ii) C.T. Rajagopal and his collaborators, in a series of pioneering studies, drew attention to the significance of the results and techniques outlined in Yuktibhāṣā (and the work of the Kerala School of Mathematics in general), which seem to have been forgotten after the initial notice by Charles Whish in early nineteenth century. These and the subsequent studies have led to a somewhat different perception of the Indian contribution to the development of calculus as may be gleaned from the following quotation from a recent work on the history of mathematics:2We have here a prime example of two traditions whose aims were completely different. The Euclidean ideology of proof which was so influential in the Islamic world had no apparent influence in India (as al-Biruni had complained long before), even if there is a possibility that the Greek tables of ‘trigonometric functions’ had been transmitted and refined. To suppose that some version of ‘calculus’ underlay the derivation of the series must be a matter of conjecture.The single exception to this generalization is a long work, much admired in Kerala, which was known as Yuktibhāṣā, by Jyeṣṭhadeva; this contains something more like proofs—but again, given the different paradigm, we should be cautious about assuming that they are meant to serve the same functions. Both the authorship and date of this work are hard to establish exactly (the date usually claimed is the sixteenth century), but it does give explanations of how the formulae are arrived at which could be taken as a version of the calculus.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Enchantment of Science in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kapila, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 101(1): 120–132. March 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kapila_enchantment_2010,\n\ttitle = {The {Enchantment} of {Science} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {101},\n\tissn = {0021-1753, 1545-6994},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/652700},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/652700},\n\tabstract = {In critiquing methodologies of the “global” as a spatial unit of analysis or a receptacle for influence across the planet, this essay positions India so as to assess the role and forms of science in the modern world. By taking the mid-nineteenth century as a moment of departure, it asks why, under what conditions, and to what effects Indians accepted science, but not biomedicine, in the high noon of colonialism. Existing imperial histories of science that are primarily fixated on the eighteenth century cast science as a site of exchange and dialogue, thus replicating the narrative of European expansion overseas. Instead, the power of science is here understood in the context of the politics of religion and rationality. In a synoptic overview, the essay assesses the archaeology of science and the blurred practices between religion and science, described here as “insurgent.” It argues that science in India was a form of enchantment, while religion had become a form of disenchanted but rational knowledge. Unlike in Europe, and contrary to orientalist positions, science in India neither declared the death of God nor became “spiritualized” via religion. Instead, science inflected religion; and religion, in turn, facilitated a rational mediation between science and man. This specific relationship accounts for the “soft landing” of science in India and its usurpation in the service of an unapologetic national modernity.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Kapila, Shruti},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {Chandigarh, India},\n\tpages = {120--132},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In critiquing methodologies of the “global” as a spatial unit of analysis or a receptacle for influence across the planet, this essay positions India so as to assess the role and forms of science in the modern world. By taking the mid-nineteenth century as a moment of departure, it asks why, under what conditions, and to what effects Indians accepted science, but not biomedicine, in the high noon of colonialism. Existing imperial histories of science that are primarily fixated on the eighteenth century cast science as a site of exchange and dialogue, thus replicating the narrative of European expansion overseas. Instead, the power of science is here understood in the context of the politics of religion and rationality. In a synoptic overview, the essay assesses the archaeology of science and the blurred practices between religion and science, described here as “insurgent.” It argues that science in India was a form of enchantment, while religion had become a form of disenchanted but rational knowledge. Unlike in Europe, and contrary to orientalist positions, science in India neither declared the death of God nor became “spiritualized” via religion. Instead, science inflected religion; and religion, in turn, facilitated a rational mediation between science and man. This specific relationship accounts for the “soft landing” of science in India and its usurpation in the service of an unapologetic national modernity.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Beasts of Burden: Animals and Laboratory Research in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chakrabarti, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n History of Science, 48(2): 125–151. June 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{chakrabarti_beasts_2010,\n\ttitle = {Beasts of {Burden}: {Animals} and {Laboratory} {Research} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tissn = {0073-2753, 1753-8564},\n\tshorttitle = {Beasts of {Burden}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/007327531004800201},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/007327531004800201},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Chakrabarti, Pratik},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {Animal Studies, India, Laboratory Science},\n\tpages = {125--151},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Fiction, Hindu Nationalism and Modernity: Bollywood's Koi... Mil Gaya.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alessio, D.; and Langer, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hoagland, E.; and Sarwal, R., editor(s), Science Fiction, Imperialism and the Third World: Essays on Postcolonial Literature and Film, pages 156–170. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, North Carolina, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{alessio_science_2010,\n\taddress = {North Carolina},\n\ttitle = {Science {Fiction}, {Hindu} {Nationalism} and {Modernity}: {Bollywood}'s {Koi}... {Mil} {Gaya}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-7864-4789-3},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tbooktitle = {Science {Fiction}, {Imperialism} and the {Third} {World}: {Essays} on {Postcolonial} {Literature} and {Film}},\n\tpublisher = {McFarland \\& Company, Inc., Publishers},\n\tauthor = {Alessio, Dominic and Langer, Jessica},\n\teditor = {Hoagland, Ericka and Sarwal, Reema},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {India, Indian Cinema, Science Fiction},\n\tpages = {156--170},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Images and Contexts: The Historiography of Science and Modernity in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, June 2010.\n Google-Books-ID: 1vQtDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{raina_images_2010,\n\ttitle = {Images and {Contexts}: {The} {Historiography} of {Science} and {Modernity} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780199088294},\n\tshorttitle = {Images and {Contexts}},\n\tabstract = {This volume situates the historiography of science in India within a social theory of science. It deals with paradigm shift within science studies, the move away from a West-centric theory of science, and future trends and possibilities. The book takes up several strands from the corpus of writing over the past 150 years and places them within the context of their times. It analyses ideas about the interplay between centre and periphery, internal and external accounts of science, creative tension between scientism and romanticism, model of colonial science and its relationship with the emergence of national science, and the distortions of nationalist historiography.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 1vQtDwAAQBAJ},\n}\n\n\n This volume situates the historiography of science in India within a social theory of science. It deals with paradigm shift within science studies, the move away from a West-centric theory of science, and future trends and possibilities. The book takes up several strands from the corpus of writing over the past 150 years and places them within the context of their times. It analyses ideas about the interplay between centre and periphery, internal and external accounts of science, creative tension between scientism and romanticism, model of colonial science and its relationship with the emergence of national science, and the distortions of nationalist historiography.\n
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\n\n \n \n 2009\n \n \n (32)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Missing Link in Art-Science Discourse, or Art and the Social Sciences.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Leonardo, 42(2): 106. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sarukkai_missing_2009,\n\ttitle = {The {Missing} {Link} in {Art}-{Science} {Discourse}, or {Art} and the {Social} {Sciences}},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/20532615},\n\tabstract = {Editorial.\nThe discourse on art-science has been dominantly\ninfluenced by the natural sciences. Whither social\nscience in this articulation?},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Leonardo},\n\tauthor = {Sarukkai, Sundar},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Art and Science, Sci-Art},\n\tpages = {106},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Editorial. The discourse on art-science has been dominantly influenced by the natural sciences. Whither social science in this articulation?\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Medicine, State and Society.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sujatha, V.; and Abraham, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 44(16): 35–43. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sujatha_medicine_2009,\n\ttitle = {Medicine, {State} and {Society}},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40279154},\n\tdoi = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40279154},\n\tabstract = {The demand for cure and for the care of a growing range of health conditions which elude any particular system of medicine has made pluralism in therapeutic options a way of life. The spread and continuity of indigenous systems of medicines, namely, ayurveda, siddha and unani, have thrown up a lot of concerns as well: how to incorporate these systems into a centralised health infrastructure; their expansion through the pharmaceutical industry for herbal products, massage centres and spas; the relations and negotiations between the practitioners of different coexisting systems of medicine; the position of psychosocial and spiritual dimensions of cure and care in contemporary forms of indigenous systems of medicine and the debate on notions of efficacy in multiple, coherent systems of medicine. All these are worth serious study as they raise fundamental questions not just about ISMS, but about organising healthcare in India. A framework for the analysis of ISMS requires not only recognising the presence of diverse medical systems, but engaging with them as live and efficacious traditions. The collection of papers in this special issue attempts to address some of these matters.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {16},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Sujatha, V. and Abraham, Leena},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemic Pluralism, Indian Knowledge Systems, Medicine, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {35--43},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The demand for cure and for the care of a growing range of health conditions which elude any particular system of medicine has made pluralism in therapeutic options a way of life. The spread and continuity of indigenous systems of medicines, namely, ayurveda, siddha and unani, have thrown up a lot of concerns as well: how to incorporate these systems into a centralised health infrastructure; their expansion through the pharmaceutical industry for herbal products, massage centres and spas; the relations and negotiations between the practitioners of different coexisting systems of medicine; the position of psychosocial and spiritual dimensions of cure and care in contemporary forms of indigenous systems of medicine and the debate on notions of efficacy in multiple, coherent systems of medicine. All these are worth serious study as they raise fundamental questions not just about ISMS, but about organising healthcare in India. A framework for the analysis of ISMS requires not only recognising the presence of diverse medical systems, but engaging with them as live and efficacious traditions. The collection of papers in this special issue attempts to address some of these matters.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Amulya Reddy: Citizen Scientist.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rajan, S. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient Blackswan, Hyderabad, 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rajan_amulya_2009,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {Amulya {Reddy}: {Citizen} {Scientist}},\n\tisbn = {9788125037132},\n\tshorttitle = {{AKN} {Reddy}},\n\turl = {https://www.orientblackswan.com/details?id=9788125037132},\n\tabstract = {Amulya Reddy is an iconic name in the world of energy policy and development alternatives.\nHis work has inspired several generations of scholars, policy analysts and activists, and continues to remain important and relevant. However, his writings are spread out across a large range of sources: journals, book chapters, newspapers and magazines. This book selects some of his most salient contributions into one easily accessible reader.\n\nThe first part consists of six papers on technology choice and development alternatives, including three broad conceptual essays on science, technology and development pathways; three papers that provide concrete answers; and an article on the World Bank, critically analysing the policies of one of the leading international financial institutions. The second section addresses Reddy’s work on energy policy. This section starts out with a broad overview of the energy crisis in India. It is followed by a long essay articulating Reddy's policy making framework, his well known “DEFENDUS” methodology. The next two articles focus on rural contexts, and discuss goals, strategies, and design criteria for energy provision therein. The section ends with two broader papers on the lessons of the California Energy Crisis, and Nuclear Power, respectively. The book is prefaced with an autobiographical essay, and excerpts of an interview he gave to the editor in the summer of 2002.\n\nReddy was a citizen-scientist intent on building scientific and technological traditions that addressed the “needs of the neediest”. His work exemplifies what the noted social scientist, Ashis Nandy, has described as “alternative sciences”. What is especially remarkable is that Reddy managed to be a highly original and productive scientist while defying most of the conventions of how knowledge is produced in institutionalised science in India. Equally remarkable is the manner in which he has consistently integrated morality and social vision with his quest for knowledge making.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient Blackswan},\n\tauthor = {Rajan, S. Ravi},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Appropriate Technology, Energy, Intellectual History, Marxism \\& Science, Radical Science Movements, Reddy, AKN, Rural India, Science \\& Democracy, Selected Works, Social History of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Amulya Reddy is an iconic name in the world of energy policy and development alternatives. His work has inspired several generations of scholars, policy analysts and activists, and continues to remain important and relevant. However, his writings are spread out across a large range of sources: journals, book chapters, newspapers and magazines. This book selects some of his most salient contributions into one easily accessible reader. The first part consists of six papers on technology choice and development alternatives, including three broad conceptual essays on science, technology and development pathways; three papers that provide concrete answers; and an article on the World Bank, critically analysing the policies of one of the leading international financial institutions. The second section addresses Reddy’s work on energy policy. This section starts out with a broad overview of the energy crisis in India. It is followed by a long essay articulating Reddy's policy making framework, his well known “DEFENDUS” methodology. The next two articles focus on rural contexts, and discuss goals, strategies, and design criteria for energy provision therein. The section ends with two broader papers on the lessons of the California Energy Crisis, and Nuclear Power, respectively. The book is prefaced with an autobiographical essay, and excerpts of an interview he gave to the editor in the summer of 2002. Reddy was a citizen-scientist intent on building scientific and technological traditions that addressed the “needs of the neediest”. His work exemplifies what the noted social scientist, Ashis Nandy, has described as “alternative sciences”. What is especially remarkable is that Reddy managed to be a highly original and productive scientist while defying most of the conventions of how knowledge is produced in institutionalised science in India. Equally remarkable is the manner in which he has consistently integrated morality and social vision with his quest for knowledge making.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Meets Faith.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Henry, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Better Yourself Books, Mumbai, December 2009.\n Google-Books-ID: jD91RAAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{henry_science_2009,\n\taddress = {Mumbai},\n\ttitle = {Science {Meets} {Faith}},\n\tisbn = {9788171099863},\n\tabstract = {This book is a lucid, well presented contribution to the current conversation between science and religion and is highly recommended for colleges and seminaries. It is intended mainly as a textbook for Indian students.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Better Yourself Books},\n\tauthor = {Henry, Sarojini},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: jD91RAAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Science and Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book is a lucid, well presented contribution to the current conversation between science and religion and is highly recommended for colleges and seminaries. It is intended mainly as a textbook for Indian students.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: Ethical, Legal, Social and Environmental Issues.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Patra, D.; Ejnavarzala, H.; and Basu, P. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 96(5): 651–657. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{patra_nanoscience_2009,\n\ttitle = {Nanoscience and {Nanotechnology}: {Ethical}, {Legal}, {Social} and {Environmental} {Issues}},\n\tvolume = {96},\n\tissn = {0011-3891},\n\tshorttitle = {Nanoscience and nanotechnology},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24104558},\n\tabstract = {The present article attempts to understand the debate over nanoscience and nanotechnology regarding its potential benefits to the society. One view in this debate is that nanoscience and nanotechnology has a revolutionary potential and will have significant economic benefits, while the other view is skeptical about its potential in the context of ethical, legal, social and environmental (ELSE) issues and values such as equity and justice. In some developed countries, discussion on the ELSE issues of nanoscience and nanotechnology has already begun. Hence, there is a need to take a cue from the debate in the developed countries and focus our attention on these issues in the Indian context. The ELSE issues should be addressed right from the beginning of the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, so that it is possible to make informed policy decisions.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Patra, Debasmita and Ejnavarzala, Haribabu and Basu, Prajit K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental safety, Nanotechnology},\n\tpages = {651--657},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The present article attempts to understand the debate over nanoscience and nanotechnology regarding its potential benefits to the society. One view in this debate is that nanoscience and nanotechnology has a revolutionary potential and will have significant economic benefits, while the other view is skeptical about its potential in the context of ethical, legal, social and environmental (ELSE) issues and values such as equity and justice. In some developed countries, discussion on the ELSE issues of nanoscience and nanotechnology has already begun. Hence, there is a need to take a cue from the debate in the developed countries and focus our attention on these issues in the Indian context. The ELSE issues should be addressed right from the beginning of the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, so that it is possible to make informed policy decisions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Search for Cognitive Justice.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Visvanathan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Seminar, 597. May 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{visvanathan_search_2009,\n\ttitle = {The {Search} for {Cognitive} {Justice}},\n\tvolume = {597},\n\turl = {https://www.india-seminar.com/2009/597/597_shiv_visvanathan.htm},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tjournal = {Seminar},\n\tauthor = {Visvanathan, Shiv},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Book Review of Deepak Kumar, Science and the Raj: A Study of British India. Second Edition, Delhi: Oxford India Paperbacks, 2006, 348 pp.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine, 30(1): 114–116. June 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_book_2009,\n\ttitle = {Book {Review} of {Deepak} {Kumar}, {Science} and the {Raj}: {A} {Study} of {British} {India}. {Second} {Edition}, {Delhi}: {Oxford} {India} {Paperbacks}, 2006, 348 pp.},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {1562-918X, 2666-9323},\n\tshorttitle = {Deepak {Kumar}, {Science} and the {Raj}},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/view/journals/east/30/1/article-p114_9.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1163/26669323-03001009},\n\tabstract = {Book review of Deepak Kumar, Science and the Raj: A Study of British India. Second Edition, Delhi: Oxford India Paperbacks, 2006, 348 pp.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {History of Medicine},\n\tpages = {114--116},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Book review of Deepak Kumar, Science and the Raj: A Study of British India. Second Edition, Delhi: Oxford India Paperbacks, 2006, 348 pp.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Questioning Temperaments in Agricultural Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Seminar, 597. May 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_questioning_2009,\n\ttitle = {Questioning {Temperaments} in {Agricultural} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {597},\n\turl = {https://www.india-seminar.com/2009/597/597_rajeswari_s_raina.htm},\n\tabstract = {"This essay explores the evolution of the most revered actor in the agricultural knowledge system – the agricultural scientist. If ‘science is what scientists do’ and the substance of this science is conditioned by the scientific method, then it is important to know how the scientific method of the agricultural scientist articulates his understanding of agricultural development and the environment, as well as the application of science and technology to problems therein. The evolution of the middle class professional, a striking phase in the history of the agricultural sciences, has unfortunately been inadequately studied, in part because scholars, including reputed historians, have focused more on the manifest revolutions in the physical production of food, fibre and other agricultural commodities."\n(From the Introduction)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Seminar},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Rajeswari},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Research, Agriculture, India, Sociology of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"This essay explores the evolution of the most revered actor in the agricultural knowledge system – the agricultural scientist. If ‘science is what scientists do’ and the substance of this science is conditioned by the scientific method, then it is important to know how the scientific method of the agricultural scientist articulates his understanding of agricultural development and the environment, as well as the application of science and technology to problems therein. The evolution of the middle class professional, a striking phase in the history of the agricultural sciences, has unfortunately been inadequately studied, in part because scholars, including reputed historians, have focused more on the manifest revolutions in the physical production of food, fibre and other agricultural commodities.\" (From the Introduction)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Satyendra Nath Bose: His Life and Times: Selected Works (With Commentary).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wali, K. C.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n World Scientific, New Jersey, April 2009.\n Google-Books-ID: B2nICgAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{wali_satyendra_2009,\n\taddress = {New Jersey},\n\ttitle = {Satyendra {Nath} {Bose}: {His} {Life} and {Times}: {Selected} {Works} ({With} {Commentary})},\n\tisbn = {9789814518277},\n\tshorttitle = {Satyendra {Nath} {Bose} -- {His} {Life} {And} {Times}},\n\tabstract = {Satyendra Nath Bose became a legendary figure of science in the 20th century in India with his revolutionary discovery on the nature of radiation. Despite the association with Einstein, however, little is known about him outside of India. This book highlights the remarkable intellect and the extraordinary personality of Bose set against the backdrop of a rich Bengali cultural tradition and British-Indian politics. Unlike other books covering the significance of Bose's discovery, this book describes his diverse scientific contributions to India's scientific community by bringing together selected articles and addresses by Bose as well as contributions from some well-known scientists on the many-faceted life of Bose, thus making it a truly unique volume.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {World Scientific},\n\teditor = {Wali, Kameshwar C.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: B2nICgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Bose, S.N., Colonial Science, Colonialism, Cosmopolitanism, Intellectual History, Selected Works},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Satyendra Nath Bose became a legendary figure of science in the 20th century in India with his revolutionary discovery on the nature of radiation. Despite the association with Einstein, however, little is known about him outside of India. This book highlights the remarkable intellect and the extraordinary personality of Bose set against the backdrop of a rich Bengali cultural tradition and British-Indian politics. Unlike other books covering the significance of Bose's discovery, this book describes his diverse scientific contributions to India's scientific community by bringing together selected articles and addresses by Bose as well as contributions from some well-known scientists on the many-faceted life of Bose, thus making it a truly unique volume.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gandhi's Technoscience: Sustainability and Technology as Themes of Politics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ninan, A. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sustainable Development, 17(3): 183–196. May 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ninan_gandhis_2009,\n\ttitle = {Gandhi's {Technoscience}: {Sustainability} and {Technology} as {Themes} of {Politics}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tcopyright = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions\\#vor},\n\tissn = {0968-0802, 1099-1719},\n\tshorttitle = {Gandhi's technoscience},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sd.381},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/sd.381},\n\tabstract = {Based on an in‐depth examination of the original writings of Mohandas Gandhi, spanning over 98 volumes, and the compendium of works by his associates J. C. Kumarappa and Vinoba Bhave, this article explores the technoscientific notions of the Gandhian school of thought to broaden the technology–sustainability discussions. Premised on the idea of nature, the varying nature–human definitions were crucial for Gandhians in pursuing their political activities. Positing nature methodologically as an unproblematic abstract category, Gandhians formulated, redefined and appropriated technoscientific spaces; thereby facilitating their technological choices and artefacts to embody the values of sustainability, decentralized autonomy and labour‐intensiveness. They engaged science and technology as a contextually contingent social process and integrated it into a mass political movement by identifying technoscience as a site of political action. This article adds to the STS discussions on democratization of technology, and the socially embedded nature of scientific ingenuity and multivalency of technological choices. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {Sustainable Development},\n\tauthor = {Ninan, Anup Sam},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi \\& Science, India, Indian Astronomical Texts, Kumarappa, J.C., Social History of Science, Social History of Technology, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {183--196},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Based on an in‐depth examination of the original writings of Mohandas Gandhi, spanning over 98 volumes, and the compendium of works by his associates J. C. Kumarappa and Vinoba Bhave, this article explores the technoscientific notions of the Gandhian school of thought to broaden the technology–sustainability discussions. Premised on the idea of nature, the varying nature–human definitions were crucial for Gandhians in pursuing their political activities. Positing nature methodologically as an unproblematic abstract category, Gandhians formulated, redefined and appropriated technoscientific spaces; thereby facilitating their technological choices and artefacts to embody the values of sustainability, decentralized autonomy and labour‐intensiveness. They engaged science and technology as a contextually contingent social process and integrated it into a mass political movement by identifying technoscience as a site of political action. This article adds to the STS discussions on democratization of technology, and the socially embedded nature of scientific ingenuity and multivalency of technological choices. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Knowledge and Democracy: Fables from SRI.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasaad, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Seminar, 597. May 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasaad_knowledge_2009,\n\ttitle = {Knowledge and {Democracy}: {Fables} from {SRI}},\n\tvolume = {597},\n\turl = {https://www.india-seminar.com/2009/597/597_shambu_prasad.htm},\n\tabstract = {"FEW agricultural innovations have captured the imagination of as many farmers, civil society organizations, government departments, academics and researchers, both natural and social, as SRI or the System of Rice Intensification has in recent years. SRI can be seen as a technique, a counter intuitive set of six principles, which yields more from less in rice cultivation. Despite lower quantities of seed and chemical inputs and less irrigation water due to growing rice in unflooded conditions, the combination of practices of wider spacing, transplanting young seedlings, alternate wetting and drying, greater use of organic compost and regular weeding ends up giving much higher yields on farmers’ fields than do conventional techniques. Further, it does not depend on improved varieties and can work for any variety that a farmer uses."\n(From the Introduction)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Seminar},\n\tauthor = {Prasaad, Shambu},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, India, System of Rice Intensification (SRI)},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"FEW agricultural innovations have captured the imagination of as many farmers, civil society organizations, government departments, academics and researchers, both natural and social, as SRI or the System of Rice Intensification has in recent years. SRI can be seen as a technique, a counter intuitive set of six principles, which yields more from less in rice cultivation. Despite lower quantities of seed and chemical inputs and less irrigation water due to growing rice in unflooded conditions, the combination of practices of wider spacing, transplanting young seedlings, alternate wetting and drying, greater use of organic compost and regular weeding ends up giving much higher yields on farmers’ fields than do conventional techniques. Further, it does not depend on improved varieties and can work for any variety that a farmer uses.\" (From the Introduction)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Debating Knowledge: New Spaces of Conversation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shah, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Seminar, 597. May 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shah_debating_2009,\n\ttitle = {Debating {Knowledge}: {New} {Spaces} of {Conversation}},\n\tvolume = {597},\n\turl = {https://www.india-seminar.com/2009/597/597_esha_shah.htm},\n\tabstract = {(Not Available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Seminar},\n\tauthor = {Shah, Esha},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Science and Democracy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not Available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n MIT‐Trained Swadeshis: MIT and Indian Nationalism, 1880–1947.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bassett, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 24(1): 212–230. January 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bassett_mittrained_2009,\n\ttitle = {{MIT}‐{Trained} {Swadeshis}: {MIT} and {Indian} {Nationalism}, 1880–1947},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {{MIT}‐{Trained} {Swadeshis}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/605976},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/605976},\n\tabstract = {During the colonial period, roughly one hundred degrees were awarded by MIT to Indians. However their importance to India and to the historical understanding of India is disproportionate to their numbers. These men—and they were all men—often from elite families, formed a technological elite in the last days of colonial India. Their careers show a technological nationalism in India—several men came from families associated with Gandhi—and represent an important foreshadowing of the period after independence.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-14},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Bassett, Ross},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonial India, Cosmopolitanism, Elites, Engineering, Gandhi \\& Science, MIT, Nationalism, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Professional Network, Science Education, Social History of Technology},\n\tpages = {212--230},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n During the colonial period, roughly one hundred degrees were awarded by MIT to Indians. However their importance to India and to the historical understanding of India is disproportionate to their numbers. These men—and they were all men—often from elite families, formed a technological elite in the last days of colonial India. Their careers show a technological nationalism in India—several men came from families associated with Gandhi—and represent an important foreshadowing of the period after independence.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Kosambi the Mathematician.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raju, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 44(20). May 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raju_kosambi_2009,\n\ttitle = {Kosambi the {Mathematician}},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tabstract = {Apart from his more popular work on numismatics and genetics, D D Kosambi worked on path geometry, exploring the foundations of general relativity. He also worked on statistics in infinite dimensions, computing, and probabilistic number theory. His whole mathematical career appears as one long clash of values. A rejection of the value of specialisation saw him leave Harvard. The high value he placed on research saw his exit from Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University. His attempt to impart real knowledge of mathematics saw him sacked from Fergusson College, Pune. His insistence on ethical and relevant research led to his exit from the Tata Institue of Fundamental Research where, too, the diversity of his interests was portrayed negatively, though he continued his mathematical research till the end of his life. His mathematical career raises a number of questions regarding science management in post-independence India. These questions are vital today when the state is again making huge investments in science and technology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {20},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Raju, C.K.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, History of Mathematics, India, Kosambi, D.D., Mathematics, Pune, Social History of Science, TIFR},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Apart from his more popular work on numismatics and genetics, D D Kosambi worked on path geometry, exploring the foundations of general relativity. He also worked on statistics in infinite dimensions, computing, and probabilistic number theory. His whole mathematical career appears as one long clash of values. A rejection of the value of specialisation saw him leave Harvard. The high value he placed on research saw his exit from Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University. His attempt to impart real knowledge of mathematics saw him sacked from Fergusson College, Pune. His insistence on ethical and relevant research led to his exit from the Tata Institue of Fundamental Research where, too, the diversity of his interests was portrayed negatively, though he continued his mathematical research till the end of his life. His mathematical career raises a number of questions regarding science management in post-independence India. These questions are vital today when the state is again making huge investments in science and technology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Political Economy of Agricultural Biotechnology in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mallick, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 37(3/4): 52–63. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mallick_political_2009,\n\ttitle = {The {Political} {Economy} of {Agricultural} {Biotechnology} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0970-0293},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/27748584},\n\tabstract = {Reviewed Works: Biotechnology: Between Commerce and Civil Society Nico StehrScience, Agriculture and the Politics of Policy: The Case of Biotechnology in India Nico Stehr},\n\tnumber = {3/4},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Mallick, Sambit},\n\teditor = {Stehr, Nico},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {52--63},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Reviewed Works: Biotechnology: Between Commerce and Civil Society Nico StehrScience, Agriculture and the Politics of Policy: The Case of Biotechnology in India Nico Stehr\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Power, Knowledge, Medicine: Ayurvedic Pharmaceuticals at Home and in the World.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Banerjee, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient BlackSwan, Hyderabad, 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{banerjee_power_2009,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {Power, {Knowledge}, {Medicine}: {Ayurvedic} {Pharmaceuticals} at {Home} and in the {World}},\n\tisbn = {9788125035282},\n\tshorttitle = {Power, {Knowledge}, {Medicine}},\n\tabstract = {If the presence of Ayurveda in modern times invites surprise, its renewed vigour in the age of globalisation gives rise both to romantic celebration and incredulous hostility. This kind of response suggests that our understanding of modern Ayurveda has not kept pace with the growth of the phenomenon itself. It is not that Ayurveda has not been studied, but that much of the wealth of scholarship lies in highly specialised and somewhat insular disciplines like Indology, Medical Research, History and Medical Anthropology. The big picture of contemporary Ayurveda eludes this scholarship.\n\nThe present book seeks to fills this gap by drawing insights from all the various disciplines that have analysed different aspects of Ayurveda, yet keeping its principal focus on making sense of some of the big changes that have marked the transformation of Ayurveda in the twentieth century. The author suggests that this transformation cannot be seen as purely cognitive, technological or economic change, for it involves an irreducible political play between regimes of knowledge and exercise of state power.\n\nTracing the birth of Ayurvedic pharmaceutical in colonial times, this book analyses how the working of post-colonial state, civil society and industry has shaped contemporary Ayurveda. It argues that processes of commercialisation and standardisation have resulted in pharmaceuticalisation of this ancient medical system accounting for both the resilience and shrinkage of Ayurveda as a medical system. The book would engage not just those interested in the phenomenon of Ayurveda or those involved in health policy but any social scientist interested in technological choice, knowledge and power or alternative modernity.\n\nParts of work presented at various conferences and seminars.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient BlackSwan},\n\tauthor = {Banerjee, Madhulika},\n\tyear = {2009},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n If the presence of Ayurveda in modern times invites surprise, its renewed vigour in the age of globalisation gives rise both to romantic celebration and incredulous hostility. This kind of response suggests that our understanding of modern Ayurveda has not kept pace with the growth of the phenomenon itself. It is not that Ayurveda has not been studied, but that much of the wealth of scholarship lies in highly specialised and somewhat insular disciplines like Indology, Medical Research, History and Medical Anthropology. The big picture of contemporary Ayurveda eludes this scholarship. The present book seeks to fills this gap by drawing insights from all the various disciplines that have analysed different aspects of Ayurveda, yet keeping its principal focus on making sense of some of the big changes that have marked the transformation of Ayurveda in the twentieth century. The author suggests that this transformation cannot be seen as purely cognitive, technological or economic change, for it involves an irreducible political play between regimes of knowledge and exercise of state power. Tracing the birth of Ayurvedic pharmaceutical in colonial times, this book analyses how the working of post-colonial state, civil society and industry has shaped contemporary Ayurveda. It argues that processes of commercialisation and standardisation have resulted in pharmaceuticalisation of this ancient medical system accounting for both the resilience and shrinkage of Ayurveda as a medical system. The book would engage not just those interested in the phenomenon of Ayurveda or those involved in health policy but any social scientist interested in technological choice, knowledge and power or alternative modernity. Parts of work presented at various conferences and seminars.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n BRICS and Development Alternatives: Innovation Systems and Policies.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cassiolato, J. E.; and Vitorino, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Anthem Press, London, New York, and Delhi, October 2009.\n Google-Books-ID: UtiQ7DnV_lcC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{cassiolato_brics_2009,\n\taddress = {London, New York, and Delhi},\n\ttitle = {{BRICS} and {Development} {Alternatives}: {Innovation} {Systems} and {Policies}},\n\tisbn = {9781843318149},\n\tshorttitle = {{BRICS} and {Development} {Alternatives}},\n\tabstract = {The BRICS countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – are currently at the crossroads of major structural economic and political changes. This book provides a comparative analysis of the national innovation systems of the five BRICS countries and the trends in each of their science, technology and innovation policies. The BRICS Project was a workshop launched as part of the Globelics Scientific Committee, a global research network on the economics of learning, innovation and competence. The BRICS Project identifies and analyses development opportunities; highlights common characteristics and challenges of the BRICS countries; and helps to uncover possible paths to fulfil the BRICS countries’ socio-political and economic development potential. The BRICS Project also reveals development alternatives that contain the potential to help both developed and underdeveloped countries to overcome the problems brought by ‘an exhausted production and consumption system and a malignant regulatory and financial regime’. The collected research and workshop papers are now available in BRICS and Development Alternatives, an invaluable contribution to the understanding of the rise of these new emerging science and technology (S\\&T) powers and to improving evidence-based S\\&T policymaking with regard to these countries.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Anthem Press},\n\tauthor = {Cassiolato, José Eduardo and Vitorino, Virginia},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: UtiQ7DnV\\_lcC},\n\tkeywords = {India, Innovation Policy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The BRICS countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – are currently at the crossroads of major structural economic and political changes. This book provides a comparative analysis of the national innovation systems of the five BRICS countries and the trends in each of their science, technology and innovation policies. The BRICS Project was a workshop launched as part of the Globelics Scientific Committee, a global research network on the economics of learning, innovation and competence. The BRICS Project identifies and analyses development opportunities; highlights common characteristics and challenges of the BRICS countries; and helps to uncover possible paths to fulfil the BRICS countries’ socio-political and economic development potential. The BRICS Project also reveals development alternatives that contain the potential to help both developed and underdeveloped countries to overcome the problems brought by ‘an exhausted production and consumption system and a malignant regulatory and financial regime’. The collected research and workshop papers are now available in BRICS and Development Alternatives, an invaluable contribution to the understanding of the rise of these new emerging science and technology (S&T) powers and to improving evidence-based S&T policymaking with regard to these countries.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Aligning India in the Cold War Era: Indian Technical Elites, the Indian Institute of Technology at Kanpur, and Computing in India and the United States.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bassett, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 50(4): 783–810. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bassett_aligning_2009,\n\ttitle = {Aligning {India} in the {Cold} {War} {Era}: {Indian} {Technical} {Elites}, the {Indian} {Institute} of {Technology} at {Kanpur}, and {Computing} in {India} and the {United} {States}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0040-165X},\n\tshorttitle = {Aligning {India} in the {Cold} {War} {Era}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40345679},\n\tabstract = {In July 1963, a chartered DC-7 landed at a military airbase in\na large but unremarkable city on the Ganges River, in a regi\nsidered backward by Indians. The plane held an International\nchines (IBM) 1620 computer, commonly used in American u\nwhich was destined for the Indian Institute of Technology (I\nan institution supported by a nine-universi},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-05-15},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Bassett, Ross},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Cold War, History of Engineering and Technology, History of Technology, IBM 1620 computers, IIT Kanpur, IITs, India, Institution Development, Uttar Pradesh},\n\tpages = {783--810},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In July 1963, a chartered DC-7 landed at a military airbase in a large but unremarkable city on the Ganges River, in a regi sidered backward by Indians. The plane held an International chines (IBM) 1620 computer, commonly used in American u which was destined for the Indian Institute of Technology (I an institution supported by a nine-universi\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Brokered World: Go-betweens and Global Intelligence, 1770-1820.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schaffer, S.; Roberts, L.; and Raj, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science History Publications, Sagamore Beach, 2009.\n Google-Books-ID: EfY5rOZVY0MC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{schaffer_brokered_2009,\n\taddress = {Sagamore Beach},\n\ttitle = {The {Brokered} {World}: {Go}-betweens and {Global} {Intelligence}, 1770-1820},\n\tisbn = {9780881353747},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Brokered} {World}},\n\tabstract = {Collection of essays focusing on the roles of intermediaries such as brokers and spies, messengers and translators, missionaries and entrepreneurs, in linking different parts of the ever more densely entangled systems of knowledge production and circulation at a key moment in the development of global scientific, commercial and political systems. The period 1770-1820 was decisive for the reformation of imperial projects in the wake of military catastrophe and politico-economic crisis, both in the Atlantic and the Asian/Pacific spheres -- economic and political worlds dominated by complex trade systems and violent contest. This conjuncture also saw the overhaul of networks and institutions of natural knowledge, whether commercial, voluntary or organs of state. Both the industrial and the second scientific revolutions have been dated to this moment. New and decisive relations were forged between different cultures' knowledge carriers. The authors consider knowledge movements of the epoch that escape simple models of metropolitan centre and remote colonial periphery. They question the immutable character of mediators and agents in knowledge communication.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Science History Publications},\n\tauthor = {Schaffer, Simon and Roberts, Lissa and Raj, Kapil},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: EfY5rOZVY0MC},\n\tkeywords = {India, Knowledge Communication},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Collection of essays focusing on the roles of intermediaries such as brokers and spies, messengers and translators, missionaries and entrepreneurs, in linking different parts of the ever more densely entangled systems of knowledge production and circulation at a key moment in the development of global scientific, commercial and political systems. The period 1770-1820 was decisive for the reformation of imperial projects in the wake of military catastrophe and politico-economic crisis, both in the Atlantic and the Asian/Pacific spheres – economic and political worlds dominated by complex trade systems and violent contest. This conjuncture also saw the overhaul of networks and institutions of natural knowledge, whether commercial, voluntary or organs of state. Both the industrial and the second scientific revolutions have been dated to this moment. New and decisive relations were forged between different cultures' knowledge carriers. The authors consider knowledge movements of the epoch that escape simple models of metropolitan centre and remote colonial periphery. They question the immutable character of mediators and agents in knowledge communication.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Patient as a Knower: Principle and Practice in Siddha Medicine.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sujatha, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 44(16): 76–83. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sujatha_patient_2009,\n\ttitle = {The {Patient} as a {Knower}: {Principle} and {Practice} in {Siddha} {Medicine}},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tissn = {0012-9976},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Patient} as a {Knower}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40279159},\n\tabstract = {The relation between experience and knowledge has been the subject of several debates in the sociology of knowledge, especially with regard to medical knowledge. The disease is experienced by the patient and the physician, who has the knowledge of disease, conducts the diagnoses and provides treatment. This poses two questions: Does the patient, who experiences the disease, have knowledge? Does the physician, who knows the disease and its cure, have recourse to experience? How does epistemology address the relation between the ontology of the patient the layman and the doctor the specialist? After a presentation of the problematic as it reveals itself in the analysis of biomedicine, the paper proceeds, based on fieldwork with siddha practitioners in Tamil Nadu, to examine the siddha medicine approach to these issues.},\n\tnumber = {16},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Sujatha, V.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {History of Medicine, India, Knowledge Systems, Siddha},\n\tpages = {76--83},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The relation between experience and knowledge has been the subject of several debates in the sociology of knowledge, especially with regard to medical knowledge. The disease is experienced by the patient and the physician, who has the knowledge of disease, conducts the diagnoses and provides treatment. This poses two questions: Does the patient, who experiences the disease, have knowledge? Does the physician, who knows the disease and its cure, have recourse to experience? How does epistemology address the relation between the ontology of the patient the layman and the doctor the specialist? After a presentation of the problematic as it reveals itself in the analysis of biomedicine, the paper proceeds, based on fieldwork with siddha practitioners in Tamil Nadu, to examine the siddha medicine approach to these issues.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Recipes for Immortality: Healing, Religion, and Community in South India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Weiss, R. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, Auckland, Cape Town, Dar es Salaam, Hong Kong, Karachi, Kuala Lumpur, Madrid, Melbourne, Mexico City, Nairobi, New Delhi, Shanghai, Taipei, Toronto, February 2009.\n Google-Books-ID: ges6XgLkffEC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{weiss_recipes_2009,\n\taddress = {Auckland, Cape Town, Dar es Salaam, Hong Kong, Karachi, Kuala Lumpur, Madrid, Melbourne, Mexico City, Nairobi, New Delhi, Shanghai, Taipei, Toronto},\n\ttitle = {Recipes for {Immortality}: {Healing}, {Religion}, and {Community} in {South} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780199715008},\n\tshorttitle = {Recipes for {Immortality}},\n\tabstract = {Despite the global spread of Western medical practice, traditional doctors still thrive in the modern world. In Recipes for Immortality, Richard Weiss illuminates their continued success by examining the ways in which siddha medical practitioners in Tamil South India win the trust and patronage of patients. While biomedicine might alleviate a patient's physical distress, siddha doctors offer their clientele much more: affiliation to a timeless and pure community, the fantasy of a Tamil utopia, and even the prospect of immortality. They speak of a golden age of Tamil civilization and of traditional medicine, drawing on broader revivalist formulations of a pure and ancient Tamil community. Weiss analyzes the success of siddha doctors, focusing on how they have successfully garnered authority and credibility. While shedding light on their lives, vocations, and aspirations, Weiss also documents the challenges that siddha doctors face in the modern world, both from a biomedical system that claims universal efficacy, and also from the rival traditional medicine, ayurveda, which is promoted as the national medicine of an autonomous Indian state. Drawing on ethnographic data; premodern Tamil texts on medicine, alchemy, and yoga; government archival resources; college textbooks; and popular literature on siddha medicine and on the siddhar yogis, he presents an in-depth study of this traditional system of knowledge, which serves the medical needs of millions of Indians. Weiss concludes with a look at traditional medicine at large, and demonstrates that siddha doctors, despite resent trends toward globalization and biomedicine, reflect the wider political and religious dimensions of medical discourse in our modern world. Recipes for Immortality proves that medical authority is based not only on physical effectiveness, but also on imaginative processes that relate to personal and social identities, conceptions of history, secrecy, loss, and utopian promise.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Weiss, Richard S.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ges6XgLkffEC},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, India, Recipes, Siddha},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Despite the global spread of Western medical practice, traditional doctors still thrive in the modern world. In Recipes for Immortality, Richard Weiss illuminates their continued success by examining the ways in which siddha medical practitioners in Tamil South India win the trust and patronage of patients. While biomedicine might alleviate a patient's physical distress, siddha doctors offer their clientele much more: affiliation to a timeless and pure community, the fantasy of a Tamil utopia, and even the prospect of immortality. They speak of a golden age of Tamil civilization and of traditional medicine, drawing on broader revivalist formulations of a pure and ancient Tamil community. Weiss analyzes the success of siddha doctors, focusing on how they have successfully garnered authority and credibility. While shedding light on their lives, vocations, and aspirations, Weiss also documents the challenges that siddha doctors face in the modern world, both from a biomedical system that claims universal efficacy, and also from the rival traditional medicine, ayurveda, which is promoted as the national medicine of an autonomous Indian state. Drawing on ethnographic data; premodern Tamil texts on medicine, alchemy, and yoga; government archival resources; college textbooks; and popular literature on siddha medicine and on the siddhar yogis, he presents an in-depth study of this traditional system of knowledge, which serves the medical needs of millions of Indians. Weiss concludes with a look at traditional medicine at large, and demonstrates that siddha doctors, despite resent trends toward globalization and biomedicine, reflect the wider political and religious dimensions of medical discourse in our modern world. Recipes for Immortality proves that medical authority is based not only on physical effectiveness, but also on imaginative processes that relate to personal and social identities, conceptions of history, secrecy, loss, and utopian promise.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Elements of an Alternative to Nuclear Power as a Response to the Energy-Environment Crisis in India: Development as Freedom and a Sustainable Energy Utility.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mathai, M. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 29(2): 139–150. April 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mathai_elements_2009,\n\ttitle = {Elements of an {Alternative} to {Nuclear} {Power} as a {Response} to the {Energy}-{Environment} {Crisis} in {India}: {Development} as {Freedom} and a {Sustainable} {Energy} {Utility}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0270-4676, 1552-4183},\n\tshorttitle = {Elements of an {Alternative} to {Nuclear} {Power} as a {Response} to the {Energy}-{Environment} {Crisis} in {India}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0270467608331185},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0270467608331185},\n\tabstract = {Even as the conventional energy system is fundamentally challenged by the “energy-environment crisis,” its adherents have presented the prospect of “abundant” and purportedly “green” nuclear power as part of a strategy to address the crisis. Surveying the development of nuclear power in India, this article finds that it is predisposed to centralization and secrecy, that nuclear power as energy policy is based on a presumption that overabundance is imperative for viable forms of social and economic development; its institutionalization has tended to reduce deliberations on energy policy and human well-being to narrowly technocratic terms. Given these proclivities, nuclear power, as evaluated in this article, is considered unlikely to facilitate a viable response to the energy-environment crisis. Alternatives are thus surveyed here to include the sustainable energy utility and the capability approach as well as synergies between them, to challenge the offer of nuclear power as a response to the energy-environment crisis.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-30},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Mathai, Manu V.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental crisis, Green Energy, India},\n\tpages = {139--150},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Even as the conventional energy system is fundamentally challenged by the “energy-environment crisis,” its adherents have presented the prospect of “abundant” and purportedly “green” nuclear power as part of a strategy to address the crisis. Surveying the development of nuclear power in India, this article finds that it is predisposed to centralization and secrecy, that nuclear power as energy policy is based on a presumption that overabundance is imperative for viable forms of social and economic development; its institutionalization has tended to reduce deliberations on energy policy and human well-being to narrowly technocratic terms. Given these proclivities, nuclear power, as evaluated in this article, is considered unlikely to facilitate a viable response to the energy-environment crisis. Alternatives are thus surveyed here to include the sustainable energy utility and the capability approach as well as synergies between them, to challenge the offer of nuclear power as a response to the energy-environment crisis.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mathematics in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Plofker, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Princeton University Press, Princeton and Woodstock, January 2009.\n Google-Books-ID: DHvThPNp9yMC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{plofker_mathematics_2009,\n\taddress = {Princeton and Woodstock},\n\ttitle = {Mathematics in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780691120676},\n\tabstract = {Based on extensive research in Sanskrit sources, Mathematics in India chronicles the development of mathematical techniques and texts in South Asia from antiquity to the early modern period. Kim Plofker reexamines the few facts about Indian mathematics that have become common knowledge--such as the Indian origin of Arabic numerals--and she sets them in a larger textual and cultural framework. The book details aspects of the subject that have been largely passed over in the past, including the relationships between Indian mathematics and astronomy, and their cross-fertilizations with Islamic scientific traditions. Plofker shows that Indian mathematics appears not as a disconnected set of discoveries, but as a lively, diverse, yet strongly unified discipline, intimately linked to other Indian forms of learning. Far more than in other areas of the history of mathematics, the literature on Indian mathematics reveals huge discrepancies between what researchers generally agree on and what general readers pick up from popular ideas. This book explains with candor the chief controversies causing these discrepancies--both the flaws in many popular claims, and the uncertainties underlying many scholarly conclusions. Supplementing the main narrative are biographical resources for dozens of Indian mathematicians; a guide to key features of Sanskrit for the non-Indologist; and illustrations of manuscripts, inscriptions, and artifacts. Mathematics in India provides a rich and complex understanding of the Indian mathematical tradition. **Author's note: The concept of "computational positivism" in Indian mathematical science, mentioned on p. 120, is due to Prof. Roddam Narasimha and is explored in more detail in some of his works, including "The Indian half of Needham's question: some thoughts on axioms, models, algorithms, and computational positivism" (Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 28, 2003, 1-13).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Princeton University Press},\n\tauthor = {Plofker, Kim},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: DHvThPNp9yMC},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Based on extensive research in Sanskrit sources, Mathematics in India chronicles the development of mathematical techniques and texts in South Asia from antiquity to the early modern period. Kim Plofker reexamines the few facts about Indian mathematics that have become common knowledge–such as the Indian origin of Arabic numerals–and she sets them in a larger textual and cultural framework. The book details aspects of the subject that have been largely passed over in the past, including the relationships between Indian mathematics and astronomy, and their cross-fertilizations with Islamic scientific traditions. Plofker shows that Indian mathematics appears not as a disconnected set of discoveries, but as a lively, diverse, yet strongly unified discipline, intimately linked to other Indian forms of learning. Far more than in other areas of the history of mathematics, the literature on Indian mathematics reveals huge discrepancies between what researchers generally agree on and what general readers pick up from popular ideas. This book explains with candor the chief controversies causing these discrepancies–both the flaws in many popular claims, and the uncertainties underlying many scholarly conclusions. Supplementing the main narrative are biographical resources for dozens of Indian mathematicians; a guide to key features of Sanskrit for the non-Indologist; and illustrations of manuscripts, inscriptions, and artifacts. Mathematics in India provides a rich and complex understanding of the Indian mathematical tradition. **Author's note: The concept of \"computational positivism\" in Indian mathematical science, mentioned on p. 120, is due to Prof. Roddam Narasimha and is explored in more detail in some of his works, including \"The Indian half of Needham's question: some thoughts on axioms, models, algorithms, and computational positivism\" (Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 28, 2003, 1-13).\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Introduction: Mapping Public Understanding of Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raza, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 14(2): 211–219. July 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raza_introduction_2009,\n\ttitle = {Introduction: {Mapping} {Public} {Understanding} of {Science}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {Introduction},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/097172180901400201},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/097172180901400201},\n\tabstract = {THE PRESENT VOLUME of STS is special in many ways. First, the journal\nin the past has not published many papers on the issues related to Public\nUnderstanding of Science (PUS). The defi ciency of the past is being\ncorrected by giving a heavy dose of eight articles that cover almost the\nentire gamut of issues that constitute the area designated as PUS. Second,\nout of eight articles that are included in this volume, seven were presented\nat the international meet which was held in March 2008 at Delhi. The\nconference, ‘Mapping the Scientifi c Consciousness’, was a step towards\ntaking stock of the developments, gap-areas and future trends. It was\nthe fi rst PUS conference ever held in a developing country. Third, the\npublication almost coincides with twenty-fi veyears of PUS research. Some\nof the contributors could legitimately claim to be pioneers and veterans\nof research in this area of scientifi c investigation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Raza, Gauhar},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {India},\n\tpages = {211--219},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n THE PRESENT VOLUME of STS is special in many ways. First, the journal in the past has not published many papers on the issues related to Public Understanding of Science (PUS). The defi ciency of the past is being corrected by giving a heavy dose of eight articles that cover almost the entire gamut of issues that constitute the area designated as PUS. Second, out of eight articles that are included in this volume, seven were presented at the international meet which was held in March 2008 at Delhi. The conference, ‘Mapping the Scientifi c Consciousness’, was a step towards taking stock of the developments, gap-areas and future trends. It was the fi rst PUS conference ever held in a developing country. Third, the publication almost coincides with twenty-fi veyears of PUS research. Some of the contributors could legitimately claim to be pioneers and veterans of research in this area of scientifi c investigation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Nationalizing the Body: The Medical Market, Print and Daktari Medicine.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukharji, P. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Anthem Press, London, New York, Delhi, February 2009.\n Google-Books-ID: OaQFkGOdoVQC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{mukharji_nationalizing_2009,\n\taddress = {London, New York, Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Nationalizing the {Body}: {The} {Medical} {Market}, {Print} and {Daktari} {Medicine}},\n\tisbn = {9781843313236},\n\tshorttitle = {Nationalizing the {Body}},\n\tabstract = {‘Nationalizing the Body’ revisits the history of ‘western’ medicine in colonial South Asia through the lives, writings and practice of the numerous Bengali ‘daktars’ who adopted and practised it. Refusing to see ‘western’ medicine as an alienated appendage of the colonial state, this book explores how ‘western’ medicine was vernacularised. It argues that a burgeoning medical market and a medical publishing industry together gave ‘daktari’ medicine a social identity which did not solely derive from its association with the state. Accessing many of the best-known ideas and episodes of colonial South Asian medical history, it seeks to understand how ‘daktari’ medicine re-positioned the colonized bodies as nationalized bodies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Anthem Press},\n\tauthor = {Mukharji, Projit Bihari},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: OaQFkGOdoVQC},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Cholera, India, Printing},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n ‘Nationalizing the Body’ revisits the history of ‘western’ medicine in colonial South Asia through the lives, writings and practice of the numerous Bengali ‘daktars’ who adopted and practised it. Refusing to see ‘western’ medicine as an alienated appendage of the colonial state, this book explores how ‘western’ medicine was vernacularised. It argues that a burgeoning medical market and a medical publishing industry together gave ‘daktari’ medicine a social identity which did not solely derive from its association with the state. Accessing many of the best-known ideas and episodes of colonial South Asian medical history, it seeks to understand how ‘daktari’ medicine re-positioned the colonized bodies as nationalized bodies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Capitalizing Disease: Biopolitics of Drug Trials in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Theory, Culture & Society, 26(5): 1–29. September 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_capitalizing_2009,\n\ttitle = {Capitalizing {Disease}: {Biopolitics} of {Drug} {Trials} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0263-2764, 1460-3616},\n\tshorttitle = {Capitalizing {Disease}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0263276409106347},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0263276409106347},\n\tabstract = {Recent success of Indian engineers, businessmen, as well as other technically qualified professionals has created an obsession with knowledge and creativity. Documents like India as a Knowledge Superpower have proliferated and we continually hear the mantra of investing in and harnessing of human capital. There are, however, several strands of human capital in India and not all of them harness knowledge and creativity. People on whom drugs are being tested represent one such human capital, which, even though it is being energetically mobilized to provide India with a strategic advantage in the world market, also highlights the contradictions within India’s shifting imaginary, economy and politics. Drug trials in India, in the context of neoliberal globalization, not only challenge and complicate, but also operate within a constellation of divisions — labor/capital, west/non-west, colonial/sovereign, national/global and so on. In this article I analyze how the people on whom drug testing is being done in India are being ‘harnessed’ as human capital, which leads to politicization of ‘bare life’ through ‘inclusive-exclusion’.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {Theory, Culture \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Amit},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Biopolitics, Drug Trial, India, Sociology of Medicine},\n\tpages = {1--29},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Recent success of Indian engineers, businessmen, as well as other technically qualified professionals has created an obsession with knowledge and creativity. Documents like India as a Knowledge Superpower have proliferated and we continually hear the mantra of investing in and harnessing of human capital. There are, however, several strands of human capital in India and not all of them harness knowledge and creativity. People on whom drugs are being tested represent one such human capital, which, even though it is being energetically mobilized to provide India with a strategic advantage in the world market, also highlights the contradictions within India’s shifting imaginary, economy and politics. Drug trials in India, in the context of neoliberal globalization, not only challenge and complicate, but also operate within a constellation of divisions — labor/capital, west/non-west, colonial/sovereign, national/global and so on. In this article I analyze how the people on whom drug testing is being done in India are being ‘harnessed’ as human capital, which leads to politicization of ‘bare life’ through ‘inclusive-exclusion’.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n “Signs of the Times”: Medicine and Nationhood in British India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chakrabarti, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 24(1): 188–211. January 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chakrabarti_signs_2009,\n\ttitle = {“{Signs} of the {Times}”: {Medicine} and {Nationhood} in {British} {India}},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {“{Signs} of the {Times}”},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/605975},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/605975},\n\tabstract = {Medical practice and research in colonial India historically had been an imperial preserve, dominated by the elite members of the Indian Medical Service. This was contested from the 1900s on by the emerging Indian nationalism. This essay studies debates about the establishment of a medical research institution and how actors imposed the political identities of nationalism on British colonial practices of medical science. At the same time, Indian nationalism was also drawing from other emerging ideas around health and social welfare. The Indian nationalists and doctors sought to build the identities of the new nation and its medicine around their own ideas of its geography, people, and welfare.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Chakrabarti, Pratik},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {India, Indian Medical Service, Nationalism},\n\tpages = {188--211},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Medical practice and research in colonial India historically had been an imperial preserve, dominated by the elite members of the Indian Medical Service. This was contested from the 1900s on by the emerging Indian nationalism. This essay studies debates about the establishment of a medical research institution and how actors imposed the political identities of nationalism on British colonial practices of medical science. At the same time, Indian nationalism was also drawing from other emerging ideas around health and social welfare. The Indian nationalists and doctors sought to build the identities of the new nation and its medicine around their own ideas of its geography, people, and welfare.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n South Asian Cultures of the Bomb: Atomic Publics and the State in India and Pakistan.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indiana University Press, March 2009.\n Google-Books-ID: f_wErmDeVusC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{abraham_south_2009,\n\ttitle = {South {Asian} {Cultures} of the {Bomb}: {Atomic} {Publics} and the {State} in {India} and {Pakistan}},\n\tisbn = {9780253002679},\n\tshorttitle = {South {Asian} {Cultures} of the {Bomb}},\n\tabstract = {Since their founding as independent nations, nuclear issues have been key elements of nationalism and the public sphere in both India and Pakistan. Yet the relationship between nuclear arms and civil society in the region is seldom taken into account in conventional security studies. These original and provocative essays examine the political and ideological components of national drives to possess and test nuclear weapons. Equal coverage for comparable issues in each country frames the volume as a genuine dialogue across this contested boundary.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Indiana University Press},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Itty},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: f\\_wErmDeVusC},\n\tkeywords = {Nation State, Pakistan, Public sphere, South Asia},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Since their founding as independent nations, nuclear issues have been key elements of nationalism and the public sphere in both India and Pakistan. Yet the relationship between nuclear arms and civil society in the region is seldom taken into account in conventional security studies. These original and provocative essays examine the political and ideological components of national drives to possess and test nuclear weapons. Equal coverage for comparable issues in each country frames the volume as a genuine dialogue across this contested boundary.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Advocacy after Bhopal: Environmentalism, Disaster, New Global Orders.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fortun, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Chicago Press, May 2009.\n Google-Books-ID: SDKmddU8LBcC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{fortun_advocacy_2009,\n\ttitle = {Advocacy after {Bhopal}: {Environmentalism}, {Disaster}, {New} {Global} {Orders}},\n\tisbn = {9780226257181},\n\tshorttitle = {Advocacy after {Bhopal}},\n\tabstract = {The 1984 explosion of the Union Carbide chemical plant in Bhopal, India was undisputedly one of the world's worst industrial disasters. Some have argued that the resulting litigation provided an "innovative model" for dealing with the global distribution of technological risk; others consider the disaster a turning point in environmental legislation; still others argue that Bhopal is what globalization looks like on the ground. Kim Fortun explores these claims by focusing on the dynamics and paradoxes of advocacy in competing power domains. She moves from hospitals in India to meetings with lawyers, corporate executives, and environmental justice activists in the United States to show how the disaster and its effects remain with us. Spiraling outward from the victims' stories, the innovative narrative sheds light on the way advocacy works within a complex global system, calling into question conventional notions of responsibility and ethical conduct. Revealing the hopes and frustrations of advocacy, this moving work also counters the tendency to think of Bhopal as an isolated incident that "can't happen here."},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Fortun, Kim},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: SDKmddU8LBcC},\n\tkeywords = {Disasters, India, Industry, Risk Governance, S\\&T Policy, Social Movements, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The 1984 explosion of the Union Carbide chemical plant in Bhopal, India was undisputedly one of the world's worst industrial disasters. Some have argued that the resulting litigation provided an \"innovative model\" for dealing with the global distribution of technological risk; others consider the disaster a turning point in environmental legislation; still others argue that Bhopal is what globalization looks like on the ground. Kim Fortun explores these claims by focusing on the dynamics and paradoxes of advocacy in competing power domains. She moves from hospitals in India to meetings with lawyers, corporate executives, and environmental justice activists in the United States to show how the disaster and its effects remain with us. Spiraling outward from the victims' stories, the innovative narrative sheds light on the way advocacy works within a complex global system, calling into question conventional notions of responsibility and ethical conduct. Revealing the hopes and frustrations of advocacy, this moving work also counters the tendency to think of Bhopal as an isolated incident that \"can't happen here.\"\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Women and Science in India: A Reader.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, 2009.\n Google-Books-ID: wQwXAQAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kumar_women_2009,\n\ttitle = {Women and {Science} in {India}: {A} {Reader}},\n\tisbn = {9780195697056},\n\tshorttitle = {Women and {Science} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {This Reader provides a comprehensive survey of literature on women in science in India. It brings together the writings of prominent Indian academics and researchers as they discuss gender and science and explore the relevance of gender theories in the context of Indian culture, society, and politics. The inevitable association with western feminism, the status of women in research and occupation in the field of science, and the challenges faced by Indian women in line with global and universal problems are investigated in detail in the essays. The volume broadens our understanding of why, despite the existence of legal and constitutional equalities, women are subject to discrimination in science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Neelam},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: wQwXAQAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Feminist STS, Gender, Women in science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This Reader provides a comprehensive survey of literature on women in science in India. It brings together the writings of prominent Indian academics and researchers as they discuss gender and science and explore the relevance of gender theories in the context of Indian culture, society, and politics. The inevitable association with western feminism, the status of women in research and occupation in the field of science, and the challenges faced by Indian women in line with global and universal problems are investigated in detail in the essays. The volume broadens our understanding of why, despite the existence of legal and constitutional equalities, women are subject to discrimination in science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Judicial Fiats and Contemporary Enclosures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Thayyil, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Conservation and Society, 7(4): 268–282. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{thayyil_judicial_2009,\n\ttitle = {Judicial {Fiats} and {Contemporary} {Enclosures}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {0972-4923},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26392985},\n\tabstract = {This article examines the problematic processes in a case that has had few parallels in Indian judicial history. The apex court in T. N. Godavarman took upon the responsibility of deciding how forest resources in the country should be accessed and who is (or is not) to have such access. Purportedly done to protect the environment, through the ‘clarifi cation and fine-tuning’ of national forest-laws, the case has seriously affected the life, livelihood, and habitat of millions of marginal groups. Recent trends demonstrate the wider trend of constitutional courts assuming the roles of adjudication, administration and legislation, all rolled into one, whereby they become problematic sites for creating a hierarchy of confl icting public interests, which claim constitutional validity from different vantage points. Thus, constitutional values of ‘protection of environment’ and ‘justice — social, political and economic’ ‘are pitted against each other’ where unelected courts take it upon themselves to define the legitimate precincts of the theoretical discourse of sustainable use / development; and importantly also implement it into ‘everyday’ ‘reality, in the way it feels fit’. The article seeks to make sense of this contemporary process of forest governance.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-03-06},\n\tjournal = {Conservation and Society},\n\tauthor = {Thayyil, Naveen},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {268--282},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article examines the problematic processes in a case that has had few parallels in Indian judicial history. The apex court in T. N. Godavarman took upon the responsibility of deciding how forest resources in the country should be accessed and who is (or is not) to have such access. Purportedly done to protect the environment, through the ‘clarifi cation and fine-tuning’ of national forest-laws, the case has seriously affected the life, livelihood, and habitat of millions of marginal groups. Recent trends demonstrate the wider trend of constitutional courts assuming the roles of adjudication, administration and legislation, all rolled into one, whereby they become problematic sites for creating a hierarchy of confl icting public interests, which claim constitutional validity from different vantage points. Thus, constitutional values of ‘protection of environment’ and ‘justice — social, political and economic’ ‘are pitted against each other’ where unelected courts take it upon themselves to define the legitimate precincts of the theoretical discourse of sustainable use / development; and importantly also implement it into ‘everyday’ ‘reality, in the way it feels fit’. The article seeks to make sense of this contemporary process of forest governance.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \"Malarial Connections\": Diagnostic Categories, Medical Authorities and Market Situations in British India and Beyond, 1920-1912.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Roy, R. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of London, 2009.\n Google-Books-ID: NLQLjwEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{roy_malarial_2009,\n\ttitle = {"{Malarial} {Connections}": {Diagnostic} {Categories}, {Medical} {Authorities} and {Market} {Situations} in {British} {India} and {Beyond}, 1920-1912},\n\tshorttitle = {"{Malarial} {Connections}"},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of London},\n\tauthor = {Roy, Rohan Deb},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: NLQLjwEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 2008\n \n \n (17)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Telling Otherwise: A Historical Anthropology of Tank Irrigation Technology in South India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shah, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 49(3): 652–674. July 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shah_telling_2008,\n\ttitle = {Telling {Otherwise}: {A} {Historical} {Anthropology} of {Tank} {Irrigation} {Technology} in {South} {India}},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40061431},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Shah, Esha},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Engineering, Irrigation, Social History of Technology, South India, Technology \\& Society, Water},\n\tpages = {652--674},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Persistent Patriarchy: Theories of Race and Gender in Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sur, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 43(43): 73–78. October 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sur_persistent_2008,\n\ttitle = {Persistent {Patriarchy}: {Theories} of {Race} and {Gender} in {Science}},\n\tvolume = {43},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40278105},\n\tabstract = {The relationship between science and social inequality is the subject of an ongoing debate. This paper argues in favour of a philosophy of science, which is alert to its democratic potential but does not simultaneously bury the historical - and continuing - role of science in legitimising racial, gender, and class/caste discrimination.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {43},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Sur, Abha},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Caste, Feminist Epistemology, Feminist STS, Gender \\& Science, History and Philosophy of Science, History and Sociology of Science, Race},\n\tpages = {73--78},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The relationship between science and social inequality is the subject of an ongoing debate. This paper argues in favour of a philosophy of science, which is alert to its democratic potential but does not simultaneously bury the historical - and continuing - role of science in legitimising racial, gender, and class/caste discrimination.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Juxtaposing Handloom Weaving and Modernity: Building Theory through Praxis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mamidipudi, A.; and Gajjala, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Development in Practice, 18(2): 235–244. April 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mamidipudi_juxtaposing_2008,\n\ttitle = {Juxtaposing {Handloom} {Weaving} and {Modernity}: {Building} {Theory} through {Praxis}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {0961-4524, 1364-9213},\n\tshorttitle = {Juxtaposing handloom weaving and modernity},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09614520801899069},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/09614520801899069},\n\tabstract = {This article investigates the interaction between the processes of building development theory and development practice, arguing that theory must start with practice – and should not be top–down, starting with the ‘outside gaze’ of a supposedly detached academic or policy maker. The questions posed point to critiques of mainstream development narratives and notions of innovation through the diffusion of new technologies. The authors suggest that the assumptions embedded in mainstream development processes lead to unequal access to global and local markets, and that when they are imposed from the outside without a real understanding of the context, the development project is bound to fail. Parameters for assessing and evaluating outcomes also need to be based upon a close understanding of context – and this often comes through active involvement within it and not through being ‘detached’ and outside it. The assumption that an outside gaze is ‘objective’ is based in an implicitly colonial discourse, while building theory by being involved in the practice produces better methodologies for action and development.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Development in Practice},\n\tauthor = {Mamidipudi, Annapurna and Gajjala, Radhika},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Artisanal Knowledge, Handloom, India, Innovation ecosystem, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {235--244},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article investigates the interaction between the processes of building development theory and development practice, arguing that theory must start with practice – and should not be top–down, starting with the ‘outside gaze’ of a supposedly detached academic or policy maker. The questions posed point to critiques of mainstream development narratives and notions of innovation through the diffusion of new technologies. The authors suggest that the assumptions embedded in mainstream development processes lead to unequal access to global and local markets, and that when they are imposed from the outside without a real understanding of the context, the development project is bound to fail. Parameters for assessing and evaluating outcomes also need to be based upon a close understanding of context – and this often comes through active involvement within it and not through being ‘detached’ and outside it. The assumption that an outside gaze is ‘objective’ is based in an implicitly colonial discourse, while building theory by being involved in the practice produces better methodologies for action and development.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Knowledge, Democracy and Science Policy: The Missing Dialogue in Globalised India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, C. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n IUP Journal of Governance and Public Policy, 3(2-3): 87–102. September 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_knowledge_2008,\n\ttitle = {Knowledge, {Democracy} and {Science} {Policy}: {The} {Missing} {Dialogue} in {Globalised} {India}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tabstract = {The article examines the recent steering committee report on science and technology for the 11th Plan in the light of current debates in innovation theory globally and asks if the steering committee report is out of sync with recent thinking on innovation on the one hand and democratic processes on the other. The article also examines alternate pathways to science policy urging that Indian policy experience needs to learn from a wider set of critical thinking on policy dialogues and public engagement with science in other parts of the world. Reworking the dialogue between knowledge, democracy and science policy in an interconnected world needs to be seen as paramount. Promotion of internal democracy, knowledge dialogues and learning alliances are processes, the article argues, that are as important as greater investments on R\\&D if India sees itself as realising its knowledge super (soft) power.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2-3},\n\tjournal = {IUP Journal of Governance and Public Policy},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, C. Shambu},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Democracy, Five Year Plans, India, Planning, Science Policy, Science and State},\n\tpages = {87--102},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The article examines the recent steering committee report on science and technology for the 11th Plan in the light of current debates in innovation theory globally and asks if the steering committee report is out of sync with recent thinking on innovation on the one hand and democratic processes on the other. The article also examines alternate pathways to science policy urging that Indian policy experience needs to learn from a wider set of critical thinking on policy dialogues and public engagement with science in other parts of the world. Reworking the dialogue between knowledge, democracy and science policy in an interconnected world needs to be seen as paramount. Promotion of internal democracy, knowledge dialogues and learning alliances are processes, the article argues, that are as important as greater investments on R&D if India sees itself as realising its knowledge super (soft) power.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n To Reach the Stars or Dig the Earth: My Journey Through Doing Science in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Padmanaban, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2008.\n Google-Books-ID: 3A8zQwAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{padmanaban_reach_2008,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {To {Reach} the {Stars} or {Dig} the {Earth}: {My} {Journey} {Through} {Doing} {Science} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788174801760},\n\tshorttitle = {To {Reach} the {Stars} {Or} {Dig} the {Earth}},\n\tabstract = {[Not available]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Padmanaban, Govindarajan},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3A8zQwAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Autobiography, Biotechnology, Life Sciences, Memoirs, Scientific Elites},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n [Not available]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science in Motion: What Postcolonial Science Studies Can Offer.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Reciis, 2(2): 35–47. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{prasad_science_2008,\n\ttitle = {Science in {Motion}: {What} {Postcolonial} {Science} {Studies} {Can} {Offer}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tshorttitle = {Science in motion},\n\turl = {https://www.academia.edu/download/50480349/Science_in_motion_what_postcolonial_scie20161122-3181-1ice1uw.pdf},\n\tabstract = {In the last 30 years, Science and Technology Studies (STS) have deconstructed the foundation of diffusion models of science, by showing that science and society are inextricably linked. Nevertheless, STS has rarely ventured into cross-cultural trans-national analyses of techno-scientific research. In recent times postcolonial science studies has attempted to shift the STS to trans-national domain, particularly in relation to impact of colonialism. This paper is in line with these efforts at analyzing techno-scientific research. I have analyzed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) research and development in the United States, India, and the United Kingdom in order to put into broad relief the hierarchical global topography of techno-science. I have shown how colonialism continues to undergird analyses of techno-scientific research. I have argued that in the first instance we need a ‘decolonization of imagination’ if we need to move beyond dualist categories of west/non-west, developed/developing, north/south, and so on, which are parasitic to some conception of ‘lack’ of the non-west.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {Reciis},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Amit},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Decolonization, India, MRI, Medical Technology},\n\tpages = {35--47},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the last 30 years, Science and Technology Studies (STS) have deconstructed the foundation of diffusion models of science, by showing that science and society are inextricably linked. Nevertheless, STS has rarely ventured into cross-cultural trans-national analyses of techno-scientific research. In recent times postcolonial science studies has attempted to shift the STS to trans-national domain, particularly in relation to impact of colonialism. This paper is in line with these efforts at analyzing techno-scientific research. I have analyzed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) research and development in the United States, India, and the United Kingdom in order to put into broad relief the hierarchical global topography of techno-science. I have shown how colonialism continues to undergird analyses of techno-scientific research. I have argued that in the first instance we need a ‘decolonization of imagination’ if we need to move beyond dualist categories of west/non-west, developed/developing, north/south, and so on, which are parasitic to some conception of ‘lack’ of the non-west.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Social History of Health and Medicine in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pati, B.; and Harrison, M.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, November 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{pati_social_2008,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {The {Social} {History} of {Health} and {Medicine} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781134042593},\n\tabstract = {This book analyzes the diverse facets of the social history of health and medicine in colonial India. It explores a unique set of themes that capture the diversities of India, such as public health, medical institutions, mental illness and the politics and economics of colonialism. Based on inter-disciplinary research, the contributions offer valuable insight into topics that have recently received increased scholarly attention, including the use of opiates and the role of advertising in driving medical markets. The contributors, both established and emerging scholars in the field, incorporate sources ranging from palm leaf manuscripts to archival materials. This book will be of interest to scholars of history, especially the history of medicine and the history of colonialism and imperialism, sociology, social anthropology, cultural theory, and South Asian Studies, as well as to health workers and NGOs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Pati, Biswamoy and Harrison, Mark},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Disease, Colonial India, Colonial Medicine, Colonialism, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Public Health, Social History of Medicine, Sociology of Health, Tropical Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book analyzes the diverse facets of the social history of health and medicine in colonial India. It explores a unique set of themes that capture the diversities of India, such as public health, medical institutions, mental illness and the politics and economics of colonialism. Based on inter-disciplinary research, the contributions offer valuable insight into topics that have recently received increased scholarly attention, including the use of opiates and the role of advertising in driving medical markets. The contributors, both established and emerging scholars in the field, incorporate sources ranging from palm leaf manuscripts to archival materials. This book will be of interest to scholars of history, especially the history of medicine and the history of colonialism and imperialism, sociology, social anthropology, cultural theory, and South Asian Studies, as well as to health workers and NGOs.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Reproductive Restraints: Birth Control in India, 1877-1947.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ahluwalia, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Illinois Press, Illinois, IL, 2008.\n Google-Books-ID: VzGfwLXEt8AC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ahluwalia_reproductive_2008,\n\taddress = {Illinois, IL},\n\ttitle = {Reproductive {Restraints}: {Birth} {Control} in {India}, 1877-1947},\n\tisbn = {9780252090387},\n\tshorttitle = {Reproductive {Restraints}},\n\tabstract = {Reproductive Restraints traces the history of contraception use and population management in colonial India, while illuminating its connection to contemporary debates in India and birth control movements in Great Britain and the United States. Sanjam Ahluwalia draws attention to the interactive and relational history of Indian birth control by including western activists such as Margaret Sanger and Marie Stopes alongside important Indian campaigners. In revealing the elitist politics of middle-class feminists, Indian nationalists, western activists, colonial authorities and the medical establishment, Ahluwalia finds that they all sought to rationalize procreation and regulate women while invoking competing notions of freedom, femininity, and family. Ahluwalia’s remarkable interviews with practicing midwives in rural northern India fills a gaping void in the documentary history of birth control and shows that the movement has had little appeal to non-elite groups in India. Finding that Jaunpuri women’s reproductive decisions are bound to their emotional, cultural, and economic reliance on family and community, Ahluwalia presents the limitations of universal liberal feminist categories, which often do not consider differences among localized subjects. She argues that elitist birth control efforts failed to account for Indian women’s values and needs and have worked to restrict reproductive rights rather than liberate subaltern Indian women since colonial times.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Illinois Press},\n\tauthor = {Ahluwalia, Sanjam},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: VzGfwLXEt8AC},\n\tkeywords = {Birth Control, Colonial History, Colonialism, Gender and Medical Technologies, Governmentality, Social History of Knowledge, Women in medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Reproductive Restraints traces the history of contraception use and population management in colonial India, while illuminating its connection to contemporary debates in India and birth control movements in Great Britain and the United States. Sanjam Ahluwalia draws attention to the interactive and relational history of Indian birth control by including western activists such as Margaret Sanger and Marie Stopes alongside important Indian campaigners. In revealing the elitist politics of middle-class feminists, Indian nationalists, western activists, colonial authorities and the medical establishment, Ahluwalia finds that they all sought to rationalize procreation and regulate women while invoking competing notions of freedom, femininity, and family. Ahluwalia’s remarkable interviews with practicing midwives in rural northern India fills a gaping void in the documentary history of birth control and shows that the movement has had little appeal to non-elite groups in India. Finding that Jaunpuri women’s reproductive decisions are bound to their emotional, cultural, and economic reliance on family and community, Ahluwalia presents the limitations of universal liberal feminist categories, which often do not consider differences among localized subjects. She argues that elitist birth control efforts failed to account for Indian women’s values and needs and have worked to restrict reproductive rights rather than liberate subaltern Indian women since colonial times.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Public Communication ofScience and Technology in Developing Countries.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Plessis, H. d.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Bucchi, M.; and Trench, B., editor(s), Handbook of Public Communication of Science and Technology, pages 213–224. Routledge, London & New York, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{plessis_public_2008,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Public {Communication} {ofScience} and {Technology} in {Developing} {Countries}},\n\tisbn = {9780203928240},\n\tabstract = {The academic writing that formally identified society’s need to be informed about scientific findings, as well as scientists’ need to explain science to society, originated within the developed world when science began to exert an overt influence on the daily life of people. The same need became apparent in developing countries over a similar period. The topic of science communication, together with debates around the development of science and technology and the need for the public to understand science, appeared in policy documents of colonial as well as post-colonial governments in India and Africa. Public communication of science and technology was seen as a means of both advancing and understanding science.\n\nThe well-documented historical environment inherited from the developed worldsupported and informed the initial desire to bridge the communication gap between the world of science and that of the general public. Scientists and academics from both worlds designed models through which the public was studied, science\nreporting was evaluated and science communication was facilitated (Hountondji 1983; Miller 1983, 1998; Durant 2000; Raza et al. 2002; Du Plessis and Raza 2004; Raina and Habib 2004).\n\nReflection on the scientist’s responsibilities was fostered and supported by sociol-ogists in India and philosophers in Africa, resulting in an acknowledgement that the process that falls between the gathering of scientific facts and the assimilation of these facts is much more complex than previously thought. A differentiated and multidisciplinary academic approach, reflecting the various strategies for science communication – ‘practical scientific literacy’, ‘civic scientific literacy’ and ‘cultural scientific literacy’ – became part of the communication process in developing worlds (Shen 1975).\n\nThe theme of science communication in developing regions has become one ofthe most prominent in the field of public communication of science, signalled by, among other things, the attention it receives in leading sources about research in\ndeveloping areas, such as Scidev.net. Initiatives, debates and – more recently – studies of science communication andpublic engagement with science have multiplied in many areas of the evelopingworld, often in parallel with the growth of research and development (R\\&D) investments, with such variety and richness that it would be implausible to map them thoroughly within the space available here.\nIn this chapter, a short overview is presented on some of the main issues raised bythe development of science and technology communication processes, using the cases of India and Africa and of South Africa in particular.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Handbook of {Public} {Communication} of {Science} and {Technology}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Plessis, Hester du},\n\teditor = {Bucchi, Massimiano and Trench, Brian},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Africa, Comparative Analysis, India, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science Communication},\n\tpages = {213--224},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The academic writing that formally identified society’s need to be informed about scientific findings, as well as scientists’ need to explain science to society, originated within the developed world when science began to exert an overt influence on the daily life of people. The same need became apparent in developing countries over a similar period. The topic of science communication, together with debates around the development of science and technology and the need for the public to understand science, appeared in policy documents of colonial as well as post-colonial governments in India and Africa. Public communication of science and technology was seen as a means of both advancing and understanding science. The well-documented historical environment inherited from the developed worldsupported and informed the initial desire to bridge the communication gap between the world of science and that of the general public. Scientists and academics from both worlds designed models through which the public was studied, science reporting was evaluated and science communication was facilitated (Hountondji 1983; Miller 1983, 1998; Durant 2000; Raza et al. 2002; Du Plessis and Raza 2004; Raina and Habib 2004). Reflection on the scientist’s responsibilities was fostered and supported by sociol-ogists in India and philosophers in Africa, resulting in an acknowledgement that the process that falls between the gathering of scientific facts and the assimilation of these facts is much more complex than previously thought. A differentiated and multidisciplinary academic approach, reflecting the various strategies for science communication – ‘practical scientific literacy’, ‘civic scientific literacy’ and ‘cultural scientific literacy’ – became part of the communication process in developing worlds (Shen 1975). The theme of science communication in developing regions has become one ofthe most prominent in the field of public communication of science, signalled by, among other things, the attention it receives in leading sources about research in developing areas, such as Scidev.net. Initiatives, debates and – more recently – studies of science communication andpublic engagement with science have multiplied in many areas of the evelopingworld, often in parallel with the growth of research and development (R&D) investments, with such variety and richness that it would be implausible to map them thoroughly within the space available here. In this chapter, a short overview is presented on some of the main issues raised bythe development of science and technology communication processes, using the cases of India and Africa and of South Africa in particular.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modern Science and Islamic Essentialism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, S. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 43(36): 55–61. September 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{habib_modern_2008,\n\ttitle = {Modern {Science} and {Islamic} {Essentialism}},\n\tvolume = {43},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40277927},\n\tabstract = {Early Muslim civilisation was open to critical thinking, reason and consequently accepted eclecticism that included scientific observation and theory. In contrast the Islamic fundamentalists have rejected this eclecticism and have favoured a closed and inward looking world view that restricts itself to a literalist reading and understanding of the Quran. A trend has taken shape to "Islamicise" science, which sees modern science antithetical to Islam and has deteriorated into obscurantism. This has only resulted in the vandalisation of the core edifices of Islam, which exhort its believers to constantly seek knowledge.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {36},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Habib, S. Irfan},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Islam \\& Science, Islamic science, Religion \\& Science},\n\tpages = {55--61},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Early Muslim civilisation was open to critical thinking, reason and consequently accepted eclecticism that included scientific observation and theory. In contrast the Islamic fundamentalists have rejected this eclecticism and have favoured a closed and inward looking world view that restricts itself to a literalist reading and understanding of the Quran. A trend has taken shape to \"Islamicise\" science, which sees modern science antithetical to Islam and has deteriorated into obscurantism. This has only resulted in the vandalisation of the core edifices of Islam, which exhort its believers to constantly seek knowledge.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Soil Not Oil: Environmental Justice in a Time of Climate Crisis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shiva, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South End Press, Boston, MA, 2008.\n Google-Books-ID: oHQ3XwAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{shiva_soil_2008,\n\taddress = {Boston, MA},\n\ttitle = {Soil {Not} {Oil}: {Environmental} {Justice} in a {Time} of {Climate} {Crisis}},\n\tisbn = {9780896087828},\n\tshorttitle = {Soil {Not} {Oil}},\n\tabstract = {With Soil Not Oil, Vandana Shiva connects the dots between industrial agriculture and climate change. Shiva shows that a world beyond dependence on fossil fuels and globalization is both possible and necessary. Condemning industrial agriculture as a recipe for ecological and economic disaster, Shiva's champion is the small, independent farm: their greater productivity, their greater potential for social justice as they put more resources into the hands of the poor, and the biodiversity that is inherent to the traditional farming practiced in small-scale agriculture. What we need most in a time of changing climates and millions hungry, she argues, is sustainable, biologically diverse farms that are more resistant to disease, drought, and flood. In her trademark style, she draws solutions to our world's most pressing problems on the head of a pin: "The solution to climate change," she observes, "and the solution to poverty are the same." Using Shiva's organization Navdanya--praised by Barbara Kingsolver as "a small, green Eden framed against the startling blue backdrop of the Himalayas"--as a model, Soil Not Oil lays out principles for feeding the planet that are socially just and environmentally sound. Shiva then expands her analysis to broader issues of globalization and climate change, arguing that a healthy environment and a just world go hand in hand. Unwavering and truly visionary, Soil Not Oil proposes a solution based on self-organization, sustainability, and community rather than corporate power and profits. A world-renowned environmental leader and thinker, Vandana Shiva is the author of many books, including Earth Democracy, Water Wars, and Staying Alive. She is the editor of Manifestos on the Future of Food and Seed.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {South End Press},\n\tauthor = {Shiva, Vandana},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: oHQ3XwAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Development, Ecology, Ecology and Development, Environment, Environmental crisis},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n With Soil Not Oil, Vandana Shiva connects the dots between industrial agriculture and climate change. Shiva shows that a world beyond dependence on fossil fuels and globalization is both possible and necessary. Condemning industrial agriculture as a recipe for ecological and economic disaster, Shiva's champion is the small, independent farm: their greater productivity, their greater potential for social justice as they put more resources into the hands of the poor, and the biodiversity that is inherent to the traditional farming practiced in small-scale agriculture. What we need most in a time of changing climates and millions hungry, she argues, is sustainable, biologically diverse farms that are more resistant to disease, drought, and flood. In her trademark style, she draws solutions to our world's most pressing problems on the head of a pin: \"The solution to climate change,\" she observes, \"and the solution to poverty are the same.\" Using Shiva's organization Navdanya–praised by Barbara Kingsolver as \"a small, green Eden framed against the startling blue backdrop of the Himalayas\"–as a model, Soil Not Oil lays out principles for feeding the planet that are socially just and environmentally sound. Shiva then expands her analysis to broader issues of globalization and climate change, arguing that a healthy environment and a just world go hand in hand. Unwavering and truly visionary, Soil Not Oil proposes a solution based on self-organization, sustainability, and community rather than corporate power and profits. A world-renowned environmental leader and thinker, Vandana Shiva is the author of many books, including Earth Democracy, Water Wars, and Staying Alive. She is the editor of Manifestos on the Future of Food and Seed.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ICTs and Development: Revisiting the Asian Experience.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sreekumar, T. T.; and Rivera–Sánchez, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 13(2): 159–174. September 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sreekumar_icts_2008,\n\ttitle = {{ICTs} and {Development}: {Revisiting} the {Asian} {Experience}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\tshorttitle = {{ICTs} and {Development}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/097172180801300201},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/097172180801300201},\n\tabstract = {The technology question is inseparable from the question where technology occurs. Just as it is impossible to understand NATURE without immediately tackling the question of the LIFE-SIZE we cannot now talk about technological progress without immediately considering size, the dimensions, involved in the new technologies. (Virilio 1995: 99)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Sreekumar, T. T. and Rivera–Sánchez, Milagros},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {India, Information \\& Communication Technology, South Asia, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {159--174},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The technology question is inseparable from the question where technology occurs. Just as it is impossible to understand NATURE without immediately tackling the question of the LIFE-SIZE we cannot now talk about technological progress without immediately considering size, the dimensions, involved in the new technologies. (Virilio 1995: 99)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Monastery, Sanctuary, Laboratory: 50 Years of IIT-Bombay.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Manchanda, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Macmillan India, Mumbai, 2008.\n Google-Books-ID: kA0FA4_fA4kC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{manchanda_monastery_2008,\n\taddress = {Mumbai},\n\ttitle = {Monastery, {Sanctuary}, {Laboratory}: 50 {Years} of {IIT}-{Bombay}},\n\tisbn = {9780230636361},\n\tshorttitle = {Monastery, {Sanctuary}, {Laboratory}},\n\tabstract = {Just fifty years into its existence, IIT-Bombay can be counted among the best-known institutions of technical education worldwide. Monastery, Sanctuary, Laboratory traces IIT-Bombay s conception and its evolution over its first five decades, as related by},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Macmillan India},\n\tauthor = {Manchanda, Rohit},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: kA0FA4\\_fA4kC},\n\tkeywords = {IIT Bombay, IITs, India, Maharashtra},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Just fifty years into its existence, IIT-Bombay can be counted among the best-known institutions of technical education worldwide. Monastery, Sanctuary, Laboratory traces IIT-Bombay s conception and its evolution over its first five decades, as related by\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Environment and Empire History: Comparative Perspectives from Forests in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sivaramakrishnan, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Environment and History, 14(1): 41–65. February 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sivaramakrishnan_science_2008,\n\ttitle = {Science, {Environment} and {Empire} {History}: {Comparative} {Perspectives} from {Forests} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {0967-3407, 1752-7023},\n\tshorttitle = {Science, {Environment} and {Empire} {History}},\n\turl = {http://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/10.3197/096734008X271850},\n\tdoi = {10.3197/096734008X271850},\n\tabstract = {I conclude with the work that spans colonial and postcolonial forestry and thus\nbrings historical and contemporary questions into direct connection. Environmentalityʼs historical scope and theoretical breadth are alluring and its lucid\nwriting makes elegantly clear the lessons learned in the historiography of colonial\nenvironmental and scientific history in the last decade. Ranging from modern\nenchantments to the production of affective knowledge, and systems of government – of nature and people – that were imagined and implemented as part of\ncolonial and postcolonial modernity, the new work presents a refreshing look\nat the relations between environment, science, empire and the human subject\nwho is at the centre of all these grand processes and structures. In sustained\nengagements with constricting dualisms and binarisms, much of this work – in\nits insights or occlusions – suggests new horizons for the field, and none of these\nare more promising than the one that brings Indian environmental history to a\ndialogue with comparative and world history conducted in a language attuned\nto social theories of power and globalisation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-05-10},\n\tjournal = {Environment and History},\n\tauthor = {Sivaramakrishnan, K.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental History, India, Science and Environment},\n\tpages = {41--65},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n I conclude with the work that spans colonial and postcolonial forestry and thus brings historical and contemporary questions into direct connection. Environmentalityʼs historical scope and theoretical breadth are alluring and its lucid writing makes elegantly clear the lessons learned in the historiography of colonial environmental and scientific history in the last decade. Ranging from modern enchantments to the production of affective knowledge, and systems of government – of nature and people – that were imagined and implemented as part of colonial and postcolonial modernity, the new work presents a refreshing look at the relations between environment, science, empire and the human subject who is at the centre of all these grand processes and structures. In sustained engagements with constricting dualisms and binarisms, much of this work – in its insights or occlusions – suggests new horizons for the field, and none of these are more promising than the one that brings Indian environmental history to a dialogue with comparative and world history conducted in a language attuned to social theories of power and globalisation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Islam and Healing: Loss and Recovery of an Indo-Muslim Medical Tradition, 1600-1900.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alavi, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Palgrave Macmillan, September 2008.\n Google-Books-ID: mw3bAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{alavi_islam_2008,\n\ttitle = {Islam and {Healing}: {Loss} and {Recovery} of an {Indo}-{Muslim} {Medical} {Tradition}, 1600-1900},\n\tisbn = {9780230554382},\n\tshorttitle = {Islam and {Healing}},\n\tabstract = {This book traces the Islamic healing tradition's interaction with Indian society and politics as they evolved in tandem from 1600 to 1900, and demonstrates how an in-house struggle for hegemony can be as potent as external power in defining medical, social and national modernity. This is a pioneering work on the social and medical history of Indian Islam.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},\n\tauthor = {Alavi, Seema},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: mw3bAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History of Medicine, India, Islamic Medicine, Science and Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book traces the Islamic healing tradition's interaction with Indian society and politics as they evolved in tandem from 1600 to 1900, and demonstrates how an in-house struggle for hegemony can be as potent as external power in defining medical, social and national modernity. This is a pioneering work on the social and medical history of Indian Islam.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science, War and Imperialism: India in the Second World War.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sinha, J. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Brill, Leiden and Boston, 2008.\n Google-Books-ID: 1EApAQAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sinha_science_2008,\n\taddress = {Leiden and Boston},\n\ttitle = {Science, {War} and {Imperialism}: {India} in the {Second} {World} {War}},\n\tisbn = {9789004166455},\n\tshorttitle = {Science, {War} and {Imperialism}},\n\tabstract = {Why could not the Second World War catalyse science in India as it did in the West? This is one of the central questions of this volume on the British policy towards science and technology in India. Its focus is on education, research, innovation and organisation of science in such sectors as industry, agriculture, public health and transport and communications. In the process the author comes across revealing developments where science played a crucial role: an Anglo-American tussle for dominance in the region, the clash between capitalism and socialism, and the entry of neo-colonialism triggering Cold War in Asia. Many faces of humanity and science are on view --- British scientists concerned about Indiaa (TM)s development, and Indian scientists planning for national reconstruction. Of interest to all those aiming for a better understanding of the impact of science, war and international influences on the socio-economic progress in India - or other erstwhile colonies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Brill},\n\tauthor = {Sinha, Jagdish N.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 1EApAQAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Why could not the Second World War catalyse science in India as it did in the West? This is one of the central questions of this volume on the British policy towards science and technology in India. Its focus is on education, research, innovation and organisation of science in such sectors as industry, agriculture, public health and transport and communications. In the process the author comes across revealing developments where science played a crucial role: an Anglo-American tussle for dominance in the region, the clash between capitalism and socialism, and the entry of neo-colonialism triggering Cold War in Asia. Many faces of humanity and science are on view — British scientists concerned about Indiaa (TM)s development, and Indian scientists planning for national reconstruction. Of interest to all those aiming for a better understanding of the impact of science, war and international influences on the socio-economic progress in India - or other erstwhile colonies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Tibetan Medicine in the Contemporary World: Global Politics of Medical Knowledge and Practice.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pordié, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{pordie_tibetan_2008,\n\ttitle = {Tibetan {Medicine} in the {Contemporary} {World}: {Global} {Politics} of {Medical} {Knowledge} and {Practice}},\n\tisbn = {9780415447898},\n\tshorttitle = {Tibetan {Medicine} in the {Contemporary} {World}},\n\tabstract = {The popularity of Tibetan medicine plays a central role in the international market for alternative medicine and has been increasing and extending far beyond its original cultural area becoming a global phenomenon. This book analyses Tibetan medicine in the 21st century by considering the contemporary reasons that have led to its diversity and by bringing out the common orientations of this medical system. Using case studies that examine of the social, political and identity dynamics of Tibetan medicine in Nepal, India, the PRC, Mongolia, the UK and the US, the contributors to this book answer the following three, fundamental questions: What are the modalities and issues involved in the social and therapeutic transformations of Tibetan medicine? How are national policies and health reforms connected to the processes of contemporary redefinition of this medicine? How does Tibetan medicine fit into the present, globalized context of the medical world? Written by experts in the field from the US, France, Canada, China and the UK this book will be invaluable to students and scholars interested in contemporary medicine, Tibetan studies, health studies and the anthropology of Asia. 'Winner of the ICAS Colleagues Choice Award 2009"},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Pordié, Laurent},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Himalaya, India, Nepal, Sociology of Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The popularity of Tibetan medicine plays a central role in the international market for alternative medicine and has been increasing and extending far beyond its original cultural area becoming a global phenomenon. This book analyses Tibetan medicine in the 21st century by considering the contemporary reasons that have led to its diversity and by bringing out the common orientations of this medical system. Using case studies that examine of the social, political and identity dynamics of Tibetan medicine in Nepal, India, the PRC, Mongolia, the UK and the US, the contributors to this book answer the following three, fundamental questions: What are the modalities and issues involved in the social and therapeutic transformations of Tibetan medicine? How are national policies and health reforms connected to the processes of contemporary redefinition of this medicine? How does Tibetan medicine fit into the present, globalized context of the medical world? Written by experts in the field from the US, France, Canada, China and the UK this book will be invaluable to students and scholars interested in contemporary medicine, Tibetan studies, health studies and the anthropology of Asia. 'Winner of the ICAS Colleagues Choice Award 2009\"\n
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\n\n \n \n 2007\n \n \n (29)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Technology at the Core: Science & Technology with Indira Gandhi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parthasarathi, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Pearson Longman, Delhi, 2007.\n Google-Books-ID: BrRN4qlR1AsC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{parthasarathi_technology_2007,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Technology at the {Core}: {Science} \\& {Technology} with {Indira} {Gandhi}},\n\tisbn = {9788131701706},\n\tshorttitle = {Technology at the {Core}},\n\tabstract = {This is a book on science and technology policy making in India during the Indira Gandhi years. It also chronicles facets of Indira Gandhi s decision-making in building a massive and diversified superstructure of scientific and technological capability and capacity. The author highlights key decisions, decisions, incidents and players outside the prime minister s secretariat (including the author s interactions with her) during her second primeministership. It mentions how science and technology policies were made during the second wave of scientific development in India, starting in the late 1960s, which was a result of a fortuitous confluence of personalities, political alignments, and economic and social conditions at a crucial juncture in modern Indian emphasis on indigenous development of science and technology. It was also a time for a systematic and comprehensive look into the ways of making science and technology policies that were cohesive and integrated well with decision-making at all levels of governance centre, state and local.The mix of personalities, anecdotes, processes, institutions and challenges makes for an interesting intriguing and informative book.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Pearson Longman},\n\tauthor = {Parthasarathi, Ashok},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: BrRN4qlR1AsC},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Indira Gandhi, Post-Independence India, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, S\\&T Ventures, Science Policy, Science and State, Scientific Advice},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This is a book on science and technology policy making in India during the Indira Gandhi years. It also chronicles facets of Indira Gandhi s decision-making in building a massive and diversified superstructure of scientific and technological capability and capacity. The author highlights key decisions, decisions, incidents and players outside the prime minister s secretariat (including the author s interactions with her) during her second primeministership. It mentions how science and technology policies were made during the second wave of scientific development in India, starting in the late 1960s, which was a result of a fortuitous confluence of personalities, political alignments, and economic and social conditions at a crucial juncture in modern Indian emphasis on indigenous development of science and technology. It was also a time for a systematic and comprehensive look into the ways of making science and technology policies that were cohesive and integrated well with decision-making at all levels of governance centre, state and local.The mix of personalities, anecdotes, processes, institutions and challenges makes for an interesting intriguing and informative book.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Jawaharlal Nehru and Science and Technology.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Contemporary Perspectives, 1(1): 130–136. June 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyabji_jawaharlal_2007,\n\ttitle = {Jawaharlal {Nehru} and {Science} and {Technology}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0973-7898},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/223080750700100109},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/223080750700100109},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Contemporary Perspectives},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {India, Nehru, Jawaharlal, Nehruvian Science, Post Colonial Science, Post-Independence India, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {130--136},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Pluralism in Indian Medicine: Medical Lore as a Genre of Medical Knowledge.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sujatha, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Contributions to Indian Sociology, 41(2): 169–202. May 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{sujatha_pluralism_2007,\n\ttitle = {Pluralism in {Indian} {Medicine}: {Medical} {Lore} as a {Genre} of {Medical} {Knowledge}},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0069-9659, 0973-0648},\n\tshorttitle = {Pluralism in {Indian} medicine},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/006996670704100202},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/006996670704100202},\n\tabstract = {When engaging in cross-cultural comparisons, medical anthropology has often tended to employ dichotomous typologies. This results in a reductionist analysis that obliterates the complexities within medical cultures and assimilates them into one homogenous type. This article makes a case for studying the different sources of medical knowledge within the category of ‘Indian medicine’ as they emerge from the differing ontological positions yet intersecting practices of laymen and experts. It goes on to explore the epistemological implications of this pluralism. The article explores the multiple genres of medical knowledge prevalent among people in a region in central Tamil Nadu to examine the relationship between professional, folk and lay practitioners. This analysis shows the complexity of medical knowledge and highlights the inadequacy of established dichotomies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Contributions to Indian Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Sujatha, V.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Epistemic Pluralism, India, Sociology of Medicine, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {169--202},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n When engaging in cross-cultural comparisons, medical anthropology has often tended to employ dichotomous typologies. This results in a reductionist analysis that obliterates the complexities within medical cultures and assimilates them into one homogenous type. This article makes a case for studying the different sources of medical knowledge within the category of ‘Indian medicine’ as they emerge from the differing ontological positions yet intersecting practices of laymen and experts. It goes on to explore the epistemological implications of this pluralism. The article explores the multiple genres of medical knowledge prevalent among people in a region in central Tamil Nadu to examine the relationship between professional, folk and lay practitioners. This analysis shows the complexity of medical knowledge and highlights the inadequacy of established dichotomies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Angels, Devil and Science: A Collection of Articles on Scientific Temper.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhargava, P. M.; and Chakrabarti, C.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n National Book Trust, New Delhi, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bhargava_angels_2007,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Angels, {Devil} and {Science}: {A} {Collection} of {Articles} on {Scientific} {Temper}},\n\tisbn = {978-81-237-5184-9},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/AngelsDevilsAndScience},\n\tabstract = {India is one the ten most scientifically and technologically advanced countries in the world. Interestingly , it is also the only country where commitment to scientific temper is enshrined in the Constituition as a duty of its citizens. Juxtaposing the advancement in modern science with the serious lack of scientific temper, the articles in the book make a plea that many a superstitious beliefs still prevakent in the society are founded on unscientific grounds. Arguing for the urgent neeed to promote scientific temper as a social asset, the book discusses the importance of scientific temper and its role in the country's socio-economic as well as scientific \\& technological advancement. The book is a major contribition in understanding the importance of science and scientific temper.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tpublisher = {National Book Trust},\n\teditor = {Bhargava, Pushpa M. and Chakrabarti, Chandana},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {India, Modernity, Nehru, Jawaharlal, Post-Independence India, Science and Democracy, Science and Religion, Scientific Temper, Secularism},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n India is one the ten most scientifically and technologically advanced countries in the world. Interestingly , it is also the only country where commitment to scientific temper is enshrined in the Constituition as a duty of its citizens. Juxtaposing the advancement in modern science with the serious lack of scientific temper, the articles in the book make a plea that many a superstitious beliefs still prevakent in the society are founded on unscientific grounds. Arguing for the urgent neeed to promote scientific temper as a social asset, the book discusses the importance of scientific temper and its role in the country's socio-economic as well as scientific & technological advancement. The book is a major contribition in understanding the importance of science and scientific temper.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Subaltern Medicine and Social Mobility: The Experience of the Ezhava in Kerala.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cleetus, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Anthropologist, 37(1): 147–172. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{cleetus_subaltern_2007,\n\ttitle = {Subaltern {Medicine} and {Social} {Mobility}: {The} {Experience} of the {Ezhava} in {Kerala}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/41920032},\n\tabstract = {The revival or re-formulation of the indigenous medical tradition among the Ezhava under colonialism was closely interconnected with the process of caste mobilisation , and the augmentationf their social aspirations. For the Ezhava, body, health and methods of care were important sites of negotiation with the dominant caste Hindu tradition aswell as with the western notions of science. This was accompanied by a conscious negation of the health care and cultural practices practiced by the Ezhava prior to the influence of colonialism. Thus ' modernisation ' of the indigenous health care tradition can be seen as an attempt to carve out a space in the immediate social environment by raising a claim to the dominant tradition as well as being part of the western notions of Science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Indian Anthropologist},\n\tauthor = {Cleetus, Burton},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, Caste, Domestication of science, Kerala, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Subaltern communities, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {147--172},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The revival or re-formulation of the indigenous medical tradition among the Ezhava under colonialism was closely interconnected with the process of caste mobilisation , and the augmentationf their social aspirations. For the Ezhava, body, health and methods of care were important sites of negotiation with the dominant caste Hindu tradition aswell as with the western notions of science. This was accompanied by a conscious negation of the health care and cultural practices practiced by the Ezhava prior to the influence of colonialism. Thus ' modernisation ' of the indigenous health care tradition can be seen as an attempt to carve out a space in the immediate social environment by raising a claim to the dominant tradition as well as being part of the western notions of Science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Economics of India's Space Programme: An Exploratory Analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sankar, U.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2007.\n Google-Books-ID: bpYrAAAAYAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sankar_economics_2007,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Economics} of {India}'s {Space} {Programme}: {An} {Exploratory} {Analysis}},\n\tisbn = {9780195683455},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Economics} of {India}'s {Space} {Programme}},\n\tabstract = {Space technologies assist in driving innovations, expanding knowledge, and enhancing information. An investment in the future, they are an important tool of social and economic development. The first ever economic analysis of the space programme in India, this book discusses the development of satellites and launch vehicles, uses of communication and remote sensing satellites, and demonstrates Indias comparative advantage in producing transponders. For each sector in the application segment broadcasting, telecommunications, meteorology, and remote sensingthis study identifies contributions of space technology in terms of cost savings, social benefits, and improvements in the quality of products/services offered. The book emphasizes the need to take the benefits of services to ultimate users in an efficient manner and opens the door for innovative applications of space data in areas such as natural resource management, forecasting of crop yields, urban planning, pollution monitoring, and environmental accounting. It recommends better management of information to meet current challenges of globalization, enhance market potential for space technologies, and the research potential of space economics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Sankar, U.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: bpYrAAAAYAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Economic Analysis, Economic Liberalisation, Engineering, ISRO, Science and State, Space, Technology \\& Society, Technology Assessment, Technoscientific projects \\& programmes},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Space technologies assist in driving innovations, expanding knowledge, and enhancing information. An investment in the future, they are an important tool of social and economic development. The first ever economic analysis of the space programme in India, this book discusses the development of satellites and launch vehicles, uses of communication and remote sensing satellites, and demonstrates Indias comparative advantage in producing transponders. For each sector in the application segment broadcasting, telecommunications, meteorology, and remote sensingthis study identifies contributions of space technology in terms of cost savings, social benefits, and improvements in the quality of products/services offered. The book emphasizes the need to take the benefits of services to ultimate users in an efficient manner and opens the door for innovative applications of space data in areas such as natural resource management, forecasting of crop yields, urban planning, pollution monitoring, and environmental accounting. It recommends better management of information to meet current challenges of globalization, enhance market potential for space technologies, and the research potential of space economics.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Legacy of Suśruta.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Valiathan, M. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 2007.\n Google-Books-ID: T_PaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{valiathan_legacy_2007,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {The {Legacy} of {Suśruta}},\n\tisbn = {9788125031505},\n\tabstract = {Suśruta’s name is synonymous with India s surgical inheritance. A legendary figure, he is believed to have lived and taught in Varanasi several centuries before the Buddha and composed the Suśruta Tantra which became a timeless medical classic. Though the original text was lost long ago a redaction by Nāgārjuna survived as Suśruta Samhita and won universal acclaim. The Samhita is a study of the human condition in health and disease with undisguised emphasis on surgery... In the legacy of Suśruta, the text of Suśruta Samhita has been recast in a thematic fashion without sacrificing any of the content of the original chapters. Furthermore, it presents much of the data in tabular form, and features many tables and illustrations in an effort to reach out to readers who may include not only students of Ayurveda but also of modern medicine, biological and social sciences and the history of science. the present volume is a companion to the commercially successful the legacy of Caraka which was published by orient Longman in 2003. Special features: 1. Thematic paraphrase of Suśruta Samhita. No other book on Suśruta does this. 2. The introduction views Suśruta s world from the point of view of modern medicine.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient Longman},\n\tauthor = {Valiathan, M. S.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: T\\_PaAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Ayurveda, History of Medicine, Sanskrit Texts, Suśruta, Traditional Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Suśruta’s name is synonymous with India s surgical inheritance. A legendary figure, he is believed to have lived and taught in Varanasi several centuries before the Buddha and composed the Suśruta Tantra which became a timeless medical classic. Though the original text was lost long ago a redaction by Nāgārjuna survived as Suśruta Samhita and won universal acclaim. The Samhita is a study of the human condition in health and disease with undisguised emphasis on surgery... In the legacy of Suśruta, the text of Suśruta Samhita has been recast in a thematic fashion without sacrificing any of the content of the original chapters. Furthermore, it presents much of the data in tabular form, and features many tables and illustrations in an effort to reach out to readers who may include not only students of Ayurveda but also of modern medicine, biological and social sciences and the history of science. the present volume is a companion to the commercially successful the legacy of Caraka which was published by orient Longman in 2003. Special features: 1. Thematic paraphrase of Suśruta Samhita. No other book on Suśruta does this. 2. The introduction views Suśruta s world from the point of view of modern medicine.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Glimpses Into the Life and Works of J. Medhi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chetia, C. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2007.\n Google-Books-ID: SLzrAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chetia_glimpses_2007,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Glimpses {Into} the {Life} and {Works} of {J}. {Medhi}},\n\tisbn = {9788174801326},\n\tabstract = {Jyotiprasad Medhi, b. 1924, statistician from Assam, India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Chetia, Chandra Kanta},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: SLzrAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Assam, Biography, Memoirs, Scientific Elites, Statistics},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Jyotiprasad Medhi, b. 1924, statistician from Assam, India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Legal Regime for Application of the Precautionary Principle in India: Future Directions for the GM Regulatory Regime.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chowdhury, N.; and Sabhapandit, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 7(3): 281–300. September 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chowdhury_legal_2007,\n\ttitle = {The {Legal} {Regime} for {Application} of the {Precautionary} {Principle} in {India}: {Future} {Directions} for the {GM} {Regulatory} {Regime}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {1573-1553},\n\tshorttitle = {The legal regime for application of the precautionary principle in {India}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-007-9047-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10784-007-9047-1},\n\tabstract = {The precautionary principle is one of the most contentious principles in contemporary international legal developments. The very fact that it is a principle of international environmental law has been questioned by many legal scholars. However, this does not take away the fact that the precautionary principle continues to be applied widely across sectors both internationally and nationally. The nature and scope of its application has varied widely according to the context and sector within which it has been applied. The central issue which this article seeks to address is the regulatory and the policy making space that is available to the Government of India in the context of the obligations as undertaken under the Cartagena Protocol and under various other international treaties. The regulatory space would also be affected by the domestic legal developments across sectors in which the principle has been applied. India’s recent decision on the large-scale commercialisation of Bt-Cotton has already created much debate regarding its appropriateness given the realities of Indian farm practices. More specifically, it has also led to a rethinking of the role and application of the precautionary principle in addressing these realities. Considering that the Indian policy on biotechnology is currently being drafted, it is important to look into the scope of applying the precautionary principle in taking any decision on genetically modified organisms (GMO) in terms of their distribution of risks, incorporating the social and equity impacts of such decisions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-02-01},\n\tjournal = {International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics},\n\tauthor = {Chowdhury, Nupur and Sabhapandit, Santanu},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental safety, GMOs},\n\tpages = {281--300},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The precautionary principle is one of the most contentious principles in contemporary international legal developments. The very fact that it is a principle of international environmental law has been questioned by many legal scholars. However, this does not take away the fact that the precautionary principle continues to be applied widely across sectors both internationally and nationally. The nature and scope of its application has varied widely according to the context and sector within which it has been applied. The central issue which this article seeks to address is the regulatory and the policy making space that is available to the Government of India in the context of the obligations as undertaken under the Cartagena Protocol and under various other international treaties. The regulatory space would also be affected by the domestic legal developments across sectors in which the principle has been applied. India’s recent decision on the large-scale commercialisation of Bt-Cotton has already created much debate regarding its appropriateness given the realities of Indian farm practices. More specifically, it has also led to a rethinking of the role and application of the precautionary principle in addressing these realities. Considering that the Indian policy on biotechnology is currently being drafted, it is important to look into the scope of applying the precautionary principle in taking any decision on genetically modified organisms (GMO) in terms of their distribution of risks, incorporating the social and equity impacts of such decisions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nationalism and Postcolonialism in Indian Science Fiction: Bollywood's Koi Mil Gaya (2003).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alessio, D.; and Langer, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n New Cinemas: Journal of Contemporary Film, 5(3): 217–229. November 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{alessio_nationalism_2007,\n\ttitle = {Nationalism and {Postcolonialism} in {Indian} {Science} {Fiction}: {Bollywood}'s {Koi} {Mil} {Gaya} (2003)},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {1474-2756, 2040-0578},\n\tshorttitle = {Nationalism and postcolonialism in {Indian} science fiction},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/ncin.5.3.217_1},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/ncin.5.3.217_1},\n\tabstract = {Koi Mil Gaya (2003), a Hindi-language Bollywood musical set in the near future and concerning a scientist who contacts extraterrestrials, is Hindi cinema's first big-budget attempt at science fiction. It is worthy of note for several reasons. The film, which is filled with references to Hindu gods and mythologies, aligns itself with, borrows from, and reshapes the traditions of science fiction (Batty and Markley 2002), using strategies associated with postcolonial cultural production. It also subverts many of the conventions of Hollywood science fiction cinema, using similar aspects of film form for different purposes. However, Koi Mil Gaya occupies a contested postcolonial space, as its alignment with the recent rise of Hindu nationalism in India creates a kind of colonial order in itself; one which in the end re-inscribes the hierarchical systems of oppression that are associated with colonialism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {New Cinemas: Journal of Contemporary Film},\n\tauthor = {Alessio, Dominic and Langer, Jessica},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {India, Indian Cinema, Science Fiction},\n\tpages = {217--229},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Koi Mil Gaya (2003), a Hindi-language Bollywood musical set in the near future and concerning a scientist who contacts extraterrestrials, is Hindi cinema's first big-budget attempt at science fiction. It is worthy of note for several reasons. The film, which is filled with references to Hindu gods and mythologies, aligns itself with, borrows from, and reshapes the traditions of science fiction (Batty and Markley 2002), using strategies associated with postcolonial cultural production. It also subverts many of the conventions of Hollywood science fiction cinema, using similar aspects of film form for different purposes. However, Koi Mil Gaya occupies a contested postcolonial space, as its alignment with the recent rise of Hindu nationalism in India creates a kind of colonial order in itself; one which in the end re-inscribes the hierarchical systems of oppression that are associated with colonialism.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The role of Trustworthiness in Information Service Usage: The Case of Parry Information Kiosks, Tamil Nadu, India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Srinivasan, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2007 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development, pages 1–8, December 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{srinivasan_role_2007,\n\ttitle = {The role of {Trustworthiness} in {Information} {Service} {Usage}: {The} {Case} of {Parry} {Information} {Kiosks}, {Tamil} {Nadu}, {India}},\n\tshorttitle = {The role of trustworthiness in information service usage},\n\turl = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4937422},\n\tdoi = {10.1109/ICTD.2007.4937422},\n\tabstract = {This paper uses the study of an information kiosk project in southern India to argue that the provision of information using information and communication technologies (ICTs) does not reduce information asymmetries or bring about economic development in and of itself. The quality of information determines when information services are used and, further, what the consequences of such usage are. The paper examines trustworthiness as one aspect of the quality of information. Using a study of information kiosks in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India, the paper concludes that perceptions of trustworthiness are based not just on the facts and analyses that are said to constitute information, but more on the context within which information is accessed. Especially in the absence of repeated interactions that can establish trust in new forms of information provision, older perceptions of trustworthiness, shaped by existing practices and power structures, determine what constitute dasiatrustworthypsila sources, media and dispensers of information for different sections of a community.},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tbooktitle = {2007 {International} {Conference} on {Information} and {Communication} {Technologies} and {Development}},\n\tauthor = {Srinivasan, Janaki},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Communications technology, Development, Employment, Government, Information Kiosks, Information analysis},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper uses the study of an information kiosk project in southern India to argue that the provision of information using information and communication technologies (ICTs) does not reduce information asymmetries or bring about economic development in and of itself. The quality of information determines when information services are used and, further, what the consequences of such usage are. The paper examines trustworthiness as one aspect of the quality of information. Using a study of information kiosks in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India, the paper concludes that perceptions of trustworthiness are based not just on the facts and analyses that are said to constitute information, but more on the context within which information is accessed. Especially in the absence of repeated interactions that can establish trust in new forms of information provision, older perceptions of trustworthiness, shaped by existing practices and power structures, determine what constitute dasiatrustworthypsila sources, media and dispensers of information for different sections of a community.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific Collaboration and the Kerala Model: Does the Internet Make a Difference?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sooryamoorthy, R.; Duque, R. B.; Ynalvez, M. A.; and Shrum, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of International Development, 19(7): 982–996. October 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sooryamoorthy_scientific_2007,\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Collaboration} and the {Kerala} {Model}: {Does} the {Internet} {Make} a {Difference}?},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tcopyright = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions\\#vor},\n\tissn = {0954-1748, 1099-1328},\n\tshorttitle = {Scientific collaboration and the {Kerala} model},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jid.1376},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/jid.1376},\n\tabstract = {Abstract \n Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become the panacea for development for many developing countries in the modern, knowledge‐based world. Kerala, a state in India known for its model of development, has not only joined this bandwagon but has also selected ICTs as a means to pull the state out of its present crisis. The paper examines the institutions of knowledge production in Kerala (academic and scientific sectors), which are generally the forerunner of other sectors in terms of their use of ICTs. We examine the extent to which ICTs have affected research communication and collaboration, the processes, which are crucial in developing a knowledge‐based economy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2025-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Journal of International Development},\n\tauthor = {Sooryamoorthy, Radhamany and Duque, Ricardo B. and Ynalvez, Marcus Antonius and Shrum, Wesley},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Development, ICT, India, Kerala, Research collaboration, Science Communication, Scientific Community},\n\tpages = {982--996},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Abstract Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become the panacea for development for many developing countries in the modern, knowledge‐based world. Kerala, a state in India known for its model of development, has not only joined this bandwagon but has also selected ICTs as a means to pull the state out of its present crisis. The paper examines the institutions of knowledge production in Kerala (academic and scientific sectors), which are generally the forerunner of other sectors in terms of their use of ICTs. We examine the extent to which ICTs have affected research communication and collaboration, the processes, which are crucial in developing a knowledge‐based economy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cyber Kiosks and Dilemmas of Social Inclusion in Rural India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sreekumar, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Media, Culture & Society, 29(6): 869–889. November 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sreekumar_cyber_2007,\n\ttitle = {Cyber {Kiosks} and {Dilemmas} of {Social} {Inclusion} in {Rural} {India}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0163-4437, 1460-3675},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0163443707081692},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0163443707081692},\n\tabstract = {Enhanced deployment of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is considered as a major factor in eliminating vestiges of feudal social organization and hierarchies in rural Asia, and a techno-development paradigm of social change inherited from the industrial era is envisioned. South Asia has particularly witnessed massive proliferation of civil-society-based development initiatives to demonstrate ICTs’ potential to provide unprecedented social and economic opportunities for vulnerable groups such as women and marginalized communities. Social exclusion is often understood as a matter of lack of awareness and inappropriate project design, and incorporation of gender concerns ‘from the very beginning of the project design’ is suggested as a more or less universal solution for enhancing participation. This article challenges this conventional wisdom and argues that civil society’s engagement with ICTs has not been successful in bridging the social divides it attempted to address. The patterns of ICTs’ deployment and control in the rural setting tend to reinforce existing social divides and, in certain cases, create new divides. The participation of women and the underprivileged in these projects is abysmally low and this is in striking contrast to the projected image of these initiatives as being overtly sensitive to issues of gender and social divisions. The article argues that the question of inclusion is better understood when addressed as a matter of structure rather choice.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Media, Culture \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Sreekumar, T.T.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Development, Equity \\& Inclusion in Science, Technology and Innovation, India, Information \\& Communication Technology, South Asia, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {869--889},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Enhanced deployment of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is considered as a major factor in eliminating vestiges of feudal social organization and hierarchies in rural Asia, and a techno-development paradigm of social change inherited from the industrial era is envisioned. South Asia has particularly witnessed massive proliferation of civil-society-based development initiatives to demonstrate ICTs’ potential to provide unprecedented social and economic opportunities for vulnerable groups such as women and marginalized communities. Social exclusion is often understood as a matter of lack of awareness and inappropriate project design, and incorporation of gender concerns ‘from the very beginning of the project design’ is suggested as a more or less universal solution for enhancing participation. This article challenges this conventional wisdom and argues that civil society’s engagement with ICTs has not been successful in bridging the social divides it attempted to address. The patterns of ICTs’ deployment and control in the rural setting tend to reinforce existing social divides and, in certain cases, create new divides. The participation of women and the underprivileged in these projects is abysmally low and this is in striking contrast to the projected image of these initiatives as being overtly sensitive to issues of gender and social divisions. The article argues that the question of inclusion is better understood when addressed as a matter of structure rather choice.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Relocating Modern Science: Circulation and the Construction of Knowledge in South Asia and Europe, 1650-1900.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raj, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{raj_relocating_2007,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {Relocating {Modern} {Science}: {Circulation} and the {Construction} of {Knowledge} in {South} {Asia} and {Europe}, 1650-1900},\n\tshorttitle = {Relocating modern science},\n\turl = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=DKvtCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=info:-LX_K86DNa8J:scholar.google.com&ots=zrRTLQSVnI&sig=wc-IVYESJ4SBJ2f7iFe76epQ50E},\n\tabstract = {Relocating Modern Science challenges the belief that modern science was created uniquely in the West and was subsequently diffused elsewhere. Through a detailed analysis of key moments in the history of science, it demonstrates the crucial roles of circulation and intercultural encounter for their emergence.},\n\turldate = {2024-05-06},\n\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},\n\tauthor = {Raj, Kapil},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial History, Cultural History, India, Intercultural Encounter of Knowledge, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Relocating Modern Science challenges the belief that modern science was created uniquely in the West and was subsequently diffused elsewhere. Through a detailed analysis of key moments in the history of science, it demonstrates the crucial roles of circulation and intercultural encounter for their emergence.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Philosophy of Mathematics, Values and Keralese Mathematics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ernest, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Mathematics Enthusiast, 4(2): 174–187. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ernest_philosophy_2007,\n\ttitle = {The {Philosophy} of {Mathematics}, {Values} and {Keralese} {Mathematics}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\turl = {https://scholarworks.umt.edu/tme/vol4/iss2/4/},\n\tabstract = {This paper explores the philosophical significance of the Keralese and Indian subcontinent contribution to history of mathematics. Identifying the most accurate genesis and trajectory of mathematical ideas in history that current knowledge allows should be the goal of every history of mathematics, and is consistent with any philosophy of mathematics. I argue for the need of a broader conceptualization of philosophy of than the traditional emphasis on scholastic enquiries into epistemology and ontology. For such an emphasis has been associated, though I add need not necessarily be so, with an ideological position that devalues non-European contributions to history of mathematics. The philosophy of mathematics needs to be broad enough to recognise the salient features of the discipline it reflects upon, namely mathematics.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-05-09},\n\tjournal = {The Mathematics Enthusiast},\n\tauthor = {Ernest, Paul},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {History of Mathematics, India, Kerala, Philosophy of Mathematics},\n\tpages = {174--187},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper explores the philosophical significance of the Keralese and Indian subcontinent contribution to history of mathematics. Identifying the most accurate genesis and trajectory of mathematical ideas in history that current knowledge allows should be the goal of every history of mathematics, and is consistent with any philosophy of mathematics. I argue for the need of a broader conceptualization of philosophy of than the traditional emphasis on scholastic enquiries into epistemology and ontology. For such an emphasis has been associated, though I add need not necessarily be so, with an ideological position that devalues non-European contributions to history of mathematics. The philosophy of mathematics needs to be broad enough to recognise the salient features of the discipline it reflects upon, namely mathematics.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ‘A Christian Benares’: Orientalism, Science and the Serampore Mission of Bengal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sivasundaram, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 44(2): 111–145. April 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sivasundaram_christian_2007,\n\ttitle = {‘{A} {Christian} {Benares}’: {Orientalism}, {Science} and the {Serampore} {Mission} of {Bengal}},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\tshorttitle = {‘{A} {Christian} {Benares}’},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001946460704400201},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/001946460704400201},\n\tabstract = {By using the case of the Baptist missionaries called the ‘Serampore Trio’—Rev. William Carey, Rev. William Ward and Rev. Joshua Marshman—this article urges that science and Christianity were intimately related in early nineteenth-century north India. The Serampore Baptists practised a brand of Christian and constructive orientalism, devoting themselves to the recovery of Sanskrit science and the introduction of European science into India. Carey established an impressive private botanical garden and was instrumental in the formation of the Agricultural Society of India. Ward, in his important account of Hinduism, argued that true Hindu science had given way to empiricism, and that Hindus had confused nature with the divine. The Serampore College formed by the trio sought to educate Indians with respect to both Sanskrit and European science, and utilised a range of scientific instruments and texts on science published in India. The College aimed to change the way its pupils saw the material world by urging experimentation rather than reverence of nature. The style of science practised at Serampore operated outside the traditional framework of colonial science: it did not have London as its centre, and it sought to bring indigenous traditions into a dialogue with European science, so that the former would eventually give way to the latter.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Sivasundaram, Sujit},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Religion \\& Science, Serampore, West Bengal},\n\tpages = {111--145},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n By using the case of the Baptist missionaries called the ‘Serampore Trio’—Rev. William Carey, Rev. William Ward and Rev. Joshua Marshman—this article urges that science and Christianity were intimately related in early nineteenth-century north India. The Serampore Baptists practised a brand of Christian and constructive orientalism, devoting themselves to the recovery of Sanskrit science and the introduction of European science into India. Carey established an impressive private botanical garden and was instrumental in the formation of the Agricultural Society of India. Ward, in his important account of Hinduism, argued that true Hindu science had given way to empiricism, and that Hindus had confused nature with the divine. The Serampore College formed by the trio sought to educate Indians with respect to both Sanskrit and European science, and utilised a range of scientific instruments and texts on science published in India. The College aimed to change the way its pupils saw the material world by urging experimentation rather than reverence of nature. The style of science practised at Serampore operated outside the traditional framework of colonial science: it did not have London as its centre, and it sought to bring indigenous traditions into a dialogue with European science, so that the former would eventually give way to the latter.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and the Indian Tradition: When Einstein Met Tagore.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gosling, D. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Routledge, Oxon & New York, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{gosling_science_2007,\n\taddress = {Oxon \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Science and the {Indian} {Tradition}: {When} {Einstein} {Met} {Tagore}},\n\tisbn = {9780415481342},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and the {Indian} {Tradition}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Science-and-the-Indian-Tradition-When-Einstein-Met-Tagore/Gosling/p/book/9780415481342},\n\tabstract = {This new text is a detailed study of an important process in modern Indian history. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, India experienced an intellectual renaissance, which owed as much to the influx of new ideas from the West as to traditional religious and cultural insights.\n\nGosling examines the effects of the introduction of Western science into India, and the relationship between Indian traditions of thought and secular Western scientific doctrine. He charts the early development of science in India, its role in the secularization of Indian society, and the subsequent reassertion, adaptation and rejection of traditional modes of thought. The beliefs of key Indian scientists, including Jagadish Chandra Bose, P.C. Roy and S.N. Bose are explored and the book goes on to reflect upon how individual scientists could still accept particular religious beliefs such as reincarnation, cosmology, miracles and prayer.\n\nScience and the Indian Tradition gives an in-depth assessment of results of the introduction of Western science into India, and will be of interest to scholars of Indian history and those interested in the interaction between Western and Indian traditions of intellectual thought.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Gosling, David L.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Colonialism, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, Modernity, Nationalism, Science \\& Culture, Science and Religion, Tagore, Rabindranath, Tradition},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This new text is a detailed study of an important process in modern Indian history. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, India experienced an intellectual renaissance, which owed as much to the influx of new ideas from the West as to traditional religious and cultural insights. Gosling examines the effects of the introduction of Western science into India, and the relationship between Indian traditions of thought and secular Western scientific doctrine. He charts the early development of science in India, its role in the secularization of Indian society, and the subsequent reassertion, adaptation and rejection of traditional modes of thought. The beliefs of key Indian scientists, including Jagadish Chandra Bose, P.C. Roy and S.N. Bose are explored and the book goes on to reflect upon how individual scientists could still accept particular religious beliefs such as reincarnation, cosmology, miracles and prayer. Science and the Indian Tradition gives an in-depth assessment of results of the introduction of Western science into India, and will be of interest to scholars of Indian history and those interested in the interaction between Western and Indian traditions of intellectual thought.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Religion and Modern Science in Colonial Bengal (1870-1940).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lourdusamy, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sujan Publications & Maulana Abul Kalam Azam Institute of Asian Studies, Kolkata, 2007.\n Google-Books-ID: 7hb8KAAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{lourdusamy_religion_2007,\n\taddress = {Kolkata},\n\ttitle = {Religion and {Modern} {Science} in {Colonial} {Bengal} (1870-1940)},\n\tisbn = {9788185549484},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Sujan Publications \\& Maulana Abul Kalam Azam Institute of Asian Studies},\n\tauthor = {Lourdusamy, J.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7hb8KAAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Religion \\& Science, Science \\& Culture},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bioprospecting as Sophisticated Biopiracy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shiva, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 32(2): 307–313. January 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shiva_bioprospecting_2007,\n\ttitle = {Bioprospecting as {Sophisticated} {Biopiracy}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tissn = {0097-9740, 1545-6943},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/508502},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/508502},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society},\n\tauthor = {Shiva, Vandana},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Biodiversity, Biopiracy, Biotechnology, Ecology, Ecology and Development, Science and Democracy, Science and Environment},\n\tpages = {307--313},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Breaking the Spell of Dharma and other essays: A Case for Indian Enlightenment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Three Essays Collective, New Delhi, Second edition (Revised and updated) edition, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{nanda_breaking_2007,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\tedition = {Second edition (Revised and updated)},\n\ttitle = {Breaking the {Spell} of {Dharma} and other essays: {A} {Case} for {Indian} {Enlightenment}},\n\tisbn = {81-88789-55-0},\n\turl = {https://www.threeessays.com/product/breaking-the-spell-of-dharma-and-other-essays-a-case-for-indian-enlightenment/},\n\tabstract = {In four celebrated and controversial essays Meera Nanda connects religious fundamentalism with fascism and talks about the responsibility of intellectuals. She examines the link between Hindutva and reactionary modernism, argues for linking rationalism and science for the cause of social justice and provides a detailed critique of anti-rationalist and anti-secularist currents dominant in several academic and research circles in India. This little book is a timely reminder to all those who believe in the necessity of intellectual and moral intervention in the present affairs of society and culture.\n\nWhereas the Hindu right is busy claiming the products of modern science and technology as a part of its own heritage, the postmodernist and postcolonial intellectuals have sought to insulate non-Western cultures from modern science, which they see as alien and oppressive. The essays in the book simultaneously defend the enterprise of modern science and secularism and call for deploying scientific knowledge as a cultural weapon against the neo-traditionalist as well as reactionary modernist understanding of the world.\n\nAt a juncture when India is seeing an intensification of neo-liberal globalization and the rise of Hindu nationalism, this book serves as a timely warning.\n\nFirst published in 2002, this book has gone on to become a classic.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Three Essays Collective},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemology, India, Religion \\& Science, Religious Nationalism, Secularism},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In four celebrated and controversial essays Meera Nanda connects religious fundamentalism with fascism and talks about the responsibility of intellectuals. She examines the link between Hindutva and reactionary modernism, argues for linking rationalism and science for the cause of social justice and provides a detailed critique of anti-rationalist and anti-secularist currents dominant in several academic and research circles in India. This little book is a timely reminder to all those who believe in the necessity of intellectual and moral intervention in the present affairs of society and culture. Whereas the Hindu right is busy claiming the products of modern science and technology as a part of its own heritage, the postmodernist and postcolonial intellectuals have sought to insulate non-Western cultures from modern science, which they see as alien and oppressive. The essays in the book simultaneously defend the enterprise of modern science and secularism and call for deploying scientific knowledge as a cultural weapon against the neo-traditionalist as well as reactionary modernist understanding of the world. At a juncture when India is seeing an intensification of neo-liberal globalization and the rise of Hindu nationalism, this book serves as a timely warning. First published in 2002, this book has gone on to become a classic.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ‘It’s Raining Aliens!’ Coloured Rain in Kerala and the Fuzzy Frontiers of Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varughese, S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nerula, M.; Sengupta, S.; Bagchi, J.; and Sundaram, R., editor(s), Frontiers: Sarai Reader 2007. The Sarai Programme, CSDS, Delhi, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{varughese_its_2007,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {‘{It}’s {Raining} {Aliens}!’ {Coloured} {Rain} in {Kerala} and the {Fuzzy} {Frontiers} of {Science}},\n\tisbn = {81-901429-9-2},\n\turl = {https://archive.sarai.net/files/original/adeae9a94d06fda9d3a0281278823fe8.pdf},\n\tabstract = {This essay discusses the Âboundary problem in science – how the demarcation of science from non-science, andrational from irrational, is determined and maintained in modern science. Or, to put it differently, how do the boundaries of science, being determined at a point of time, purge all the impuritiesÊfrom science and maintain a coherent internal content? Boundaries purportedly demarcate a pristine, transparent and coherently unified internal against an impure external. Such a process of boundary-making is central to the project of modern science.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Frontiers: {Sarai} {Reader} 2007},\n\tpublisher = {The Sarai Programme, CSDS},\n\tauthor = {Varughese, Shiju Sam},\n\teditor = {Nerula, Monica and Sengupta, Shuddhabrata and Bagchi, Jeebesh and Sundaram, Ravi},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Boundary making in science, India, Kerala, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Public Understanding of Science, Public controversy over S\\&T, Publics, Scientific Practice},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This essay discusses the Âboundary problem in science – how the demarcation of science from non-science, andrational from irrational, is determined and maintained in modern science. Or, to put it differently, how do the boundaries of science, being determined at a point of time, purge all the impuritiesÊfrom science and maintain a coherent internal content? Boundaries purportedly demarcate a pristine, transparent and coherently unified internal against an impure external. Such a process of boundary-making is central to the project of modern science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Economic Studies of Indigenous and Traditional Knowledge.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sengupta, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Academic Foundation, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sengupta_economic_2007,\n\ttitle = {Economic {Studies} of {Indigenous} and {Traditional} {Knowledge}},\n\tisbn = {9788171885862},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/canm20/18/1?nav=tocList},\n\tabstract = {Till recently the mention of traditional knowledge would only elicit metaphors like the Vedas and Upanishads, Aryabhatta, Panini and Charaka, or the invention of zero. The perspective is changing. This book deals with the traditional and indigenous knowledge of common men and women of India, that of its tribal and Dalit population, fisher folk, craftsmen, artisans and leather workers, their agriculture, housing and irrigation methods, medicinal knowledge, drinking water collection, arts and culture. Different chapters establish that the economic significance of such knowledge in the modern world is continuing, even increasing, and is being utilised in a wide variety of ways. Globally, there is an increased interest in traditional and indigenous knowledge. It is now recognised as an underutilised resource that can help to reduce poverty, and also as a dormant reserve with considerable commercial potential. Book jacket.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Academic Foundation},\n\tauthor = {Sengupta, Nirmal},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {India, Knowledge and economy, Medicine, Traditional knowledge, indigenous peoples},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Till recently the mention of traditional knowledge would only elicit metaphors like the Vedas and Upanishads, Aryabhatta, Panini and Charaka, or the invention of zero. The perspective is changing. This book deals with the traditional and indigenous knowledge of common men and women of India, that of its tribal and Dalit population, fisher folk, craftsmen, artisans and leather workers, their agriculture, housing and irrigation methods, medicinal knowledge, drinking water collection, arts and culture. Different chapters establish that the economic significance of such knowledge in the modern world is continuing, even increasing, and is being utilised in a wide variety of ways. Globally, there is an increased interest in traditional and indigenous knowledge. It is now recognised as an underutilised resource that can help to reduce poverty, and also as a dormant reserve with considerable commercial potential. Book jacket.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Medicine and Medical Policies in India: Social and Historical Perspectives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bala, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Lexington Books, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bala_medicine_2007,\n\ttitle = {Medicine and {Medical} {Policies} in {India}: {Social} and {Historical} {Perspectives}},\n\tisbn = {9780739113226},\n\tshorttitle = {Medicine and {Medical} {Policies} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {A medical sociologist with a historian's obsession with detail and documentation, Poonam Bala tenaciously follows the developmental trajectory of medical pluralism in India with a keen eye to the dynamic social production of health and healing systems as social systems, practices, and technologies of power. Covering a broad swathe of history, this book explores how a turbulently emerging Indian State with shifting alliances and evolving rules ideologies (with the accompanying emergence of class and caste identities and opportunities) gave rise to a particular growth of scientific and, specifically, medical traditions in India. As a set of healing practices, a literary art, and a cultural knowledge base, India's medical traditions represent 'an acculturated product' of competing ideologies and the expression of contested State, and social and religious policies over time. Bala focuses on the power of State intervention and multiple levels of patronage to shape medical practice and theory, and in turn, India's very history.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Lexington Books},\n\tauthor = {Bala, Poonam},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Colonial Medicine, India, Medical Policy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A medical sociologist with a historian's obsession with detail and documentation, Poonam Bala tenaciously follows the developmental trajectory of medical pluralism in India with a keen eye to the dynamic social production of health and healing systems as social systems, practices, and technologies of power. Covering a broad swathe of history, this book explores how a turbulently emerging Indian State with shifting alliances and evolving rules ideologies (with the accompanying emergence of class and caste identities and opportunities) gave rise to a particular growth of scientific and, specifically, medical traditions in India. As a set of healing practices, a literary art, and a cultural knowledge base, India's medical traditions represent 'an acculturated product' of competing ideologies and the expression of contested State, and social and religious policies over time. Bala focuses on the power of State intervention and multiple levels of patronage to shape medical practice and theory, and in turn, India's very history.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Technology, Imperialism, and War.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gupta, J. B. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume XV of History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian CivlisationPearson Education India, Delhi, 2007.\n Google-Books-ID: EJuM4FylchwC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{gupta_science_2007,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\tseries = {History of {Science}, {Philosophy} and {Culture} in {Indian} {Civlisation}},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Technology}, {Imperialism}, and {War}},\n\tvolume = {XV},\n\tisbn = {9788131708514},\n\tabstract = {The Volume Science, Technology, Imperialism And War Interlinks The Concerned Themes To Present A Coherent Analyssis Of The Development Of Related Ideas And Institutions In The Subcontinent. The Chapters On Science, Therefore, Look At The Cognitive And Socio-Historical Aspects Of Science, Relating The Same With The Establishment And Spread Of Imperialism In India; With Its Application To Develop Technologies; And With The Use Of Such Technologies To Fund The Major Preoccupation Of Imperialism - War. Likewise, The Section On Technology Leads The Reader To A Search For Its Very Probable Links With Imperialism And War. The Section On Imperialism Offers Four Themes In The Edited Volume: The First One Deals With Its Theories; The Second With Its Link With Colonialism; And The Third And The Fourth Follow Its Manifestation In The Russian And British Adventures-Chiefly In Central Asia And India. The Depecdence Of Imperialism On War Looms Large. War, The Concluding Theme Of This Exercise, Is The Saturation Point Of Himan Efforts To Subjugate And Dominate Others. The Scholars Writing In This Section Critically Survey The Various Kinds Of War-Conventional, Linited And Nuclear-And A Detailed And Insightful Analysis Of The Cold War By The Editor Completes The Picture. This Volume Will Prove Invaluable To Scholars And Students Of South Asian Studies, History, Political Science And International Relations, And Defence Studies Alike.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Pearson Education India},\n\tauthor = {Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan Das},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: EJuM4FylchwC},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial History, Colonial India, Defense research, Imperialism, Military, War},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Volume Science, Technology, Imperialism And War Interlinks The Concerned Themes To Present A Coherent Analyssis Of The Development Of Related Ideas And Institutions In The Subcontinent. The Chapters On Science, Therefore, Look At The Cognitive And Socio-Historical Aspects Of Science, Relating The Same With The Establishment And Spread Of Imperialism In India; With Its Application To Develop Technologies; And With The Use Of Such Technologies To Fund The Major Preoccupation Of Imperialism - War. Likewise, The Section On Technology Leads The Reader To A Search For Its Very Probable Links With Imperialism And War. The Section On Imperialism Offers Four Themes In The Edited Volume: The First One Deals With Its Theories; The Second With Its Link With Colonialism; And The Third And The Fourth Follow Its Manifestation In The Russian And British Adventures-Chiefly In Central Asia And India. The Depecdence Of Imperialism On War Looms Large. War, The Concluding Theme Of This Exercise, Is The Saturation Point Of Himan Efforts To Subjugate And Dominate Others. The Scholars Writing In This Section Critically Survey The Various Kinds Of War-Conventional, Linited And Nuclear-And A Detailed And Insightful Analysis Of The Cold War By The Editor Completes The Picture. This Volume Will Prove Invaluable To Scholars And Students Of South Asian Studies, History, Political Science And International Relations, And Defence Studies Alike.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Invention of Traditional Knowledge.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sunder, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Law and Contemporary Problems, 70(2): 97–124. April 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sunder_invention_2007,\n\ttitle = {The {Invention} of {Traditional} {Knowledge}},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0023-9186},\n\turl = {https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/lcp/vol70/iss2/6},\n\tabstract = {Sunder argues that the failure of intellectual property to recognize the contributions of traditional and natural sources cannot be rectified by mere payment and she posits a non-monetizable, non-utilitarian benefit in terms of worth or dignity in having one's contribution as the subject labelled of an intellectual property right. Foregrounding the important role of "raw materials" in the process of innovation, cultural environmentalism helped provide a theoretical and political basis for recognition and recompense for the purveyors of those raw materials-often indigenous peoples who have cultivated the earth's biodiversity and who hold "traditional knowledge" about that biodiversity. Moreover, focus on the effects on the poor of the "cultural environmentalism" metaphor through its reification of the division between "raw" and "cooked" knowledge, a conceptual separation long fundamental to intellecual property law.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Law and Contemporary Problems},\n\tauthor = {Sunder, Madhavi},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {India, Innovation ecosystem, Intellectual Property Law, Intellectual Property Rights, Law and Science, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {97--124},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Sunder argues that the failure of intellectual property to recognize the contributions of traditional and natural sources cannot be rectified by mere payment and she posits a non-monetizable, non-utilitarian benefit in terms of worth or dignity in having one's contribution as the subject labelled of an intellectual property right. Foregrounding the important role of \"raw materials\" in the process of innovation, cultural environmentalism helped provide a theoretical and political basis for recognition and recompense for the purveyors of those raw materials-often indigenous peoples who have cultivated the earth's biodiversity and who hold \"traditional knowledge\" about that biodiversity. Moreover, focus on the effects on the poor of the \"cultural environmentalism\" metaphor through its reification of the division between \"raw\" and \"cooked\" knowledge, a conceptual separation long fundamental to intellecual property law.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Refiguring Unani Tibb: Plural Healing in Late Colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Attewell, G. N. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient Blackswan, Hyderabad, 2007.\n Google-Books-ID: UJ_cGAAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{attewell_refiguring_2007,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {Refiguring {Unani} {Tibb}: {Plural} {Healing} in {Late} {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788125030171},\n\tshorttitle = {Refiguring {Unani} {Tibb}},\n\tabstract = {Refiguring Unani Tibb examines the ways in which unani tibb reconstituted its identity in the light of modernising trends at the turn of the twentieth century in India. It brings out the heterogeneity of unani tibb in late colonial India that frequently defies its commonly ascribed label as a traditional Muslim system of medicine. Through an analysis of interconnecting themes Guy Attewell draws attention to the tensions manifest in different spheres of unani activity as practitioners reconfigured their knowledge and practices through the prisms of biomedical concepts, language, nationalist and communitarian politics, changing social and moral norms, and colonial-inspired models of legitimacy. The book shows that while tibb has always been a cosmopolitan profession, the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw a fundamental transition from a principally localised, personalised practice to one that had to engage and be represented in a mass, public arena for status, recognition and custom. This transition, the book argues, was neither complete nor uniform. The study draws on a range of material in Urdu, Arabic and Persian, including texts, pamphlets and journals, in addition to archival records in Hyderabad and London, to draw out the complexity and contingency in the evolution of a plural and extraordinarily dynamic tradition of healing.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient Blackswan},\n\tauthor = {Attewell, Guy N. A.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: UJ\\_cGAAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, History of Medicine, India, Unani},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Refiguring Unani Tibb examines the ways in which unani tibb reconstituted its identity in the light of modernising trends at the turn of the twentieth century in India. It brings out the heterogeneity of unani tibb in late colonial India that frequently defies its commonly ascribed label as a traditional Muslim system of medicine. Through an analysis of interconnecting themes Guy Attewell draws attention to the tensions manifest in different spheres of unani activity as practitioners reconfigured their knowledge and practices through the prisms of biomedical concepts, language, nationalist and communitarian politics, changing social and moral norms, and colonial-inspired models of legitimacy. The book shows that while tibb has always been a cosmopolitan profession, the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw a fundamental transition from a principally localised, personalised practice to one that had to engage and be represented in a mass, public arena for status, recognition and custom. This transition, the book argues, was neither complete nor uniform. The study draws on a range of material in Urdu, Arabic and Persian, including texts, pamphlets and journals, in addition to archival records in Hyderabad and London, to draw out the complexity and contingency in the evolution of a plural and extraordinarily dynamic tradition of healing.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Social History of Science in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, S. I.; and Raina, D.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2007.\n Google-Books-ID: 6rjaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{habib_social_2007,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Social {History} of {Science} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780195681574},\n\tabstract = {Can science be seen as the flag bearer of the 'civilizing mission' dispelling the darkness of centuries of superstition? Did the installation of new technological systems displace ancient primitive techniques? Rejecting the simplistic notion of transmission of science and technology, this reader argues for a variety of perspectives. Part of the prestigious Themes in Indian History series, it provides an excellent introduction to the world of science and technology in colonial India. Departing from the standard practice of seeing science as a cultural universal, Social History of Science emphasizes the need for redrawing boundaries long taken for granted. It investigates how modern science - considered as a pristine Western cultural import - was reconstituted in the encounter with other ways of knowing and acting on the world. Bringing together some of the finest writings - even rare - on the subject, this volume highlights the multiplicity of historiogaphic positions on colonial science and the changing landscapes for the study of science in South Asia. The contributors approach issues related to science and colonialism from a variety of scientific disciplines. They engage with the drift produced by the entanglement of science and values and the complicity of the scientific project in that of imperialism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\teditor = {Habib, S. Irfan and Raina, Dhruv},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 6rjaAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Reader, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Can science be seen as the flag bearer of the 'civilizing mission' dispelling the darkness of centuries of superstition? Did the installation of new technological systems displace ancient primitive techniques? Rejecting the simplistic notion of transmission of science and technology, this reader argues for a variety of perspectives. Part of the prestigious Themes in Indian History series, it provides an excellent introduction to the world of science and technology in colonial India. Departing from the standard practice of seeing science as a cultural universal, Social History of Science emphasizes the need for redrawing boundaries long taken for granted. It investigates how modern science - considered as a pristine Western cultural import - was reconstituted in the encounter with other ways of knowing and acting on the world. Bringing together some of the finest writings - even rare - on the subject, this volume highlights the multiplicity of historiogaphic positions on colonial science and the changing landscapes for the study of science in South Asia. The contributors approach issues related to science and colonialism from a variety of scientific disciplines. They engage with the drift produced by the entanglement of science and values and the complicity of the scientific project in that of imperialism.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indian Women in Doctoral Education in Science and Engineering: A Study of Informal Milieu at the Reputed Indian Institutes of Technology.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gupta, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 32(5): 507–533. September 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gupta_indian_2007,\n\ttitle = {Indian {Women} in {Doctoral} {Education} in {Science} and {Engineering}: {A} {Study} of {Informal} {Milieu} at the {Reputed} {Indian} {Institutes} of {Technology}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Indian {Women} in {Doctoral} {Education} in {Science} and {Engineering}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0895904805303200},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0895904805303200},\n\tabstract = {Informal communication and interaction are integral components of the practice of science, including the doctoral process. This article argues that women are disadvantaged in the informal milieu of the higher education in science, and that this milieu is not uniform everywhere. It posits that to understand the position of women in science in South Asian countries like India, the inquiry has to be conceptualized in the specific social, historical, and institutional context. Through a questionnaire survey comparing male and female perceptions, and qualitative interviews with women, an attempt has been made to understand the nature of Indian women's problems in the informal doctoral science environment. The findings indicate that though the nature of problems appears to be similar to those faced by the women in science in the West, the specific form of biases varies, and that the cultural context molds the specific forms of discrimination. This has implications for future research and policies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Gupta, Namrata},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {IITs, India},\n\tpages = {507--533},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Informal communication and interaction are integral components of the practice of science, including the doctoral process. This article argues that women are disadvantaged in the informal milieu of the higher education in science, and that this milieu is not uniform everywhere. It posits that to understand the position of women in science in South Asian countries like India, the inquiry has to be conceptualized in the specific social, historical, and institutional context. Through a questionnaire survey comparing male and female perceptions, and qualitative interviews with women, an attempt has been made to understand the nature of Indian women's problems in the informal doctoral science environment. The findings indicate that though the nature of problems appears to be similar to those faced by the women in science in the West, the specific form of biases varies, and that the cultural context molds the specific forms of discrimination. This has implications for future research and policies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Buddhism in the Everyday Medical Practice of the Ladakhi \"Amchi\".\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pordié, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Anthropologist, 37(1): 93–116. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{pordie_buddhism_2007,\n\ttitle = {Buddhism in the {Everyday} {Medical} {Practice} of the {Ladakhi} "{Amchi}"},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0970-0927},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/41920030},\n\tabstract = {Almost the entire content of the medical texts, as well as the therapeutic practices carried out daily by the practitioners of the scholarly medicine ofLadakh, North-western India, are of a technical medical and a-religious nature. However, medical ethics and elements of medical epistemology are based on Buddhism, and all healers underscore the importance of the moral dimension in the practice of medicine, a dimension that refers expressly to religion. The ethnography presented in this article therefore shows the importance of religion for medical practice in both moral and practical points of view. The author argues that it is because religion is not constitutive of medicine (like medical theory is), that it can be considered as an "ensemble of supportive paradigms" of medicine.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-17},\n\tjournal = {Indian Anthropologist},\n\tauthor = {Pordié, Laurent},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {India, Sociology of Medicine},\n\tpages = {93--116},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Almost the entire content of the medical texts, as well as the therapeutic practices carried out daily by the practitioners of the scholarly medicine ofLadakh, North-western India, are of a technical medical and a-religious nature. However, medical ethics and elements of medical epistemology are based on Buddhism, and all healers underscore the importance of the moral dimension in the practice of medicine, a dimension that refers expressly to religion. The ethnography presented in this article therefore shows the importance of religion for medical practice in both moral and practical points of view. The author argues that it is because religion is not constitutive of medicine (like medical theory is), that it can be considered as an \"ensemble of supportive paradigms\" of medicine.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Agriculture and the Politics of Policy: The Case of Biotechnology in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scoones, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{scoones_science_2006,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Agriculture} and the {Politics} of {Policy}: {The} {Case} of {Biotechnology} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788125029441, 8125029443},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Science_Agriculture_and_the_Politics_of/ZzLY_KjD4YgC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR7&printsec=frontcover},\n\tabstract = {Science, Agriculture and the Politics of Policy examines the intersections of globalisation, technology and politics through a detailed, empirically-based examination of agricultural biotechnology in India. The focus is on Bangalore and Karnataka, a part of India which has seen a massive growth in biotech enterprises, experimentation with GM cotton and a contested policy debate about the role biotechnology should play in economic development. The book asks what does this new suite of technologies mean-for society, for politics and for the way agriculture, food and rural livelihoods are thought about? Can biotech deliver a second Green Revolution, and so transform agriculture and rescue the countryside and its people from crisis and poverty? Or is it more complex than this? Through a detailed case study, the aim of the book is to discuss, question and refine these broader debates, locating an understanding of biotechnology firmly within an understanding of society and politics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient Longman},\n\tauthor = {Scoones, Ian},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, Biotechnology, Bt Brinjal, Bt Cotton, GMOs, India, S\\&T Policy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science, Agriculture and the Politics of Policy examines the intersections of globalisation, technology and politics through a detailed, empirically-based examination of agricultural biotechnology in India. The focus is on Bangalore and Karnataka, a part of India which has seen a massive growth in biotech enterprises, experimentation with GM cotton and a contested policy debate about the role biotechnology should play in economic development. The book asks what does this new suite of technologies mean-for society, for politics and for the way agriculture, food and rural livelihoods are thought about? Can biotech deliver a second Green Revolution, and so transform agriculture and rescue the countryside and its people from crisis and poverty? Or is it more complex than this? Through a detailed case study, the aim of the book is to discuss, question and refine these broader debates, locating an understanding of biotechnology firmly within an understanding of society and politics.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Abdus Salam: A Migrant Scientist in Post-imperial Times.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Greiff A, A. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 41(3). January 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{greiff_a_abdus_2006,\n\ttitle = {Abdus {Salam}: {A} {Migrant} {Scientist} in {Post}-imperial {Times}},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tshorttitle = {Abdus {Salam}},\n\turl = {https://www.epw.in/journal/2006/03/review-science-policy-review-issues-specials/abdus-salam-migrant-scientist-post},\n\tabstract = {Pakistan's Abdus Salam was the first professor of theoretical physics at Imperial College, London, and the director of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics at Trieste for almost 30 years. This paper looks at the conditions that allowed Salam to emigrate and develop a successful career in Europe as both a scientist and a scientific diplomat. The combination of colonial networks and academic policies in British India, on the one hand, and the post-colonial intellectual milieu in certain British scientific circles after 1948, on the other, provided Salam with an opportunity that would have been virtually unthinkable for the previous generation of Indian scientists. As a Pakistani theoretical physicist in Britain, Salam became one of the most authoritative and influential advocates of science for third world development. Yet, in post-colonial Britain, being from a former colony also put certain limits on Salam's aspirations. Salam's diplomatic and political career as a United Nations officer resulted from his conviction that supranational institutions represented the only chance to overcome the kind of discrimination that marginalised third world scientists in the post-imperial era.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Greiff A, Alexis De},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Intellectual History, Nuclear Physics, Pakistan, Physics, Salam, Abdus, Scientific Elites},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Pakistan's Abdus Salam was the first professor of theoretical physics at Imperial College, London, and the director of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics at Trieste for almost 30 years. This paper looks at the conditions that allowed Salam to emigrate and develop a successful career in Europe as both a scientist and a scientific diplomat. The combination of colonial networks and academic policies in British India, on the one hand, and the post-colonial intellectual milieu in certain British scientific circles after 1948, on the other, provided Salam with an opportunity that would have been virtually unthinkable for the previous generation of Indian scientists. As a Pakistani theoretical physicist in Britain, Salam became one of the most authoritative and influential advocates of science for third world development. Yet, in post-colonial Britain, being from a former colony also put certain limits on Salam's aspirations. Salam's diplomatic and political career as a United Nations officer resulted from his conviction that supranational institutions represented the only chance to overcome the kind of discrimination that marginalised third world scientists in the post-imperial era.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Recent Developments in the Telecommunications Industry of Nepal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Whalley, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 8(1): 57–71. January 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{whalley_recent_2006,\n\ttitle = {Recent {Developments} in the {Telecommunications} {Industry} of {Nepal}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\turl = {https://www.emerald.com/dprg/article-abstract/8/1/57/180119/Recent-developments-in-the-telecommunications?redirectedFrom=fulltext},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1108/14636690610643285},\n\tabstract = {Purpose\nThe purpose of this paper is to chart the development of the Nepalese telecommunications industry and assess how they may develop in the future.\n\nDesign/methodology/approach\nA country case study approach is adopted. The Nepalese context is outlined before the telecommunications industry is described and the main drivers of its development identified. The paper draws on interviews as well as secondary sources and models the relationship between the main drivers of the industry in Nepal.\n\nFindings\nAlthough the Nepalese telecommunications industry has substantially changed since the modernisation process began in early 1980s, large parts of the country remain without access to telecommunication services.\n\nResearch limitations/implications\nSome data collection problems were encountered, but these were addressed through the use of multiple sources.\n\nPractical implications\nThe industry's future development will be shaped by the interplay between geography, resources and the CPN (Maoist) insurgency.\n\nOriginality/value\nPrevious studies have tended to focus on one part of the Nepalese telecommunications industry or one specific issue. This paper provides a broad overview of the industry and draws attention to the inter‐relationships that exist between the key drivers of telecommunications diffusion in Nepal.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance},\n\tauthor = {Whalley, Jason},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {ICT, Nepal, Telecommunications},\n\tpages = {57--71},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Purpose The purpose of this paper is to chart the development of the Nepalese telecommunications industry and assess how they may develop in the future. Design/methodology/approach A country case study approach is adopted. The Nepalese context is outlined before the telecommunications industry is described and the main drivers of its development identified. The paper draws on interviews as well as secondary sources and models the relationship between the main drivers of the industry in Nepal. Findings Although the Nepalese telecommunications industry has substantially changed since the modernisation process began in early 1980s, large parts of the country remain without access to telecommunication services. Research limitations/implications Some data collection problems were encountered, but these were addressed through the use of multiple sources. Practical implications The industry's future development will be shaped by the interplay between geography, resources and the CPN (Maoist) insurgency. Originality/value Previous studies have tended to focus on one part of the Nepalese telecommunications industry or one specific issue. This paper provides a broad overview of the industry and draws attention to the inter‐relationships that exist between the key drivers of telecommunications diffusion in Nepal.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Soil Sciences in India: Policy Lessons for Agricultural Innovation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, R. S.; Sangar, S.; Rasheed Sulaiman, V.; and Hall, A. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Research Policy, 35: 691–714. June 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_soil_2006,\n\ttitle = {The {Soil} {Sciences} in {India}: {Policy} {Lessons} for {Agricultural} {Innovation}},\n\tvolume = {35},\n\tshorttitle = {The soil sciences in {India}},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048733306000485},\n\tabstract = {There is increasing demand for institutional reform in the agricultural sciences. This paper presents lessons from the content and directions in soil science research in India, to make a case for institutional reform in the agricultural sciences. It demonstrates how existing institutional and organizational contexts shape the research content of the soil sciences and its sub-disciplines. These contexts also shape the capacity of the soil sciences to understand and partner with other components of the wider natural resource management (NRM) innovation systems. The professional association has received little attention in the innovation systems literature, even within the nuanced, context specific and historically sensitive accounts of innovation. As a professional association, the Indian Society of Soil Sciences (ISSS) plays a limited role currently, with little engagement with the key professional and social issues that confront the soil sciences. The ISSS is presented here as a potential actor in the NRM innovation systems. The paper argues that with the involvement of the ISSS, the existing discipline-based, commodity oriented, linear and instrumentalist problem solving approach in the soil sciences can be reformed to a learning and partnership based innovation systems approach, enabling professional excellence, field level technology utilization, along with substantial policy and donor support.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Research Policy},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Rajeswari S. and Sangar, Sunita and Rasheed Sulaiman, V. and Hall, Andrew J.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Innovation studies, Institutions, R\\&D Policy, Soil Sciences},\n\tpages = {691--714},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n There is increasing demand for institutional reform in the agricultural sciences. This paper presents lessons from the content and directions in soil science research in India, to make a case for institutional reform in the agricultural sciences. It demonstrates how existing institutional and organizational contexts shape the research content of the soil sciences and its sub-disciplines. These contexts also shape the capacity of the soil sciences to understand and partner with other components of the wider natural resource management (NRM) innovation systems. The professional association has received little attention in the innovation systems literature, even within the nuanced, context specific and historically sensitive accounts of innovation. As a professional association, the Indian Society of Soil Sciences (ISSS) plays a limited role currently, with little engagement with the key professional and social issues that confront the soil sciences. The ISSS is presented here as a potential actor in the NRM innovation systems. The paper argues that with the involvement of the ISSS, the existing discipline-based, commodity oriented, linear and instrumentalist problem solving approach in the soil sciences can be reformed to a learning and partnership based innovation systems approach, enabling professional excellence, field level technology utilization, along with substantial policy and donor support.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Beyond Modern vs Slternative Science Debate: Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 41(3): 219–227. January 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_beyond_2006,\n\ttitle = {Beyond {Modern} vs {Slternative} {Science} {Debate}: {Analysis} of {Magnetic} {Resonance} {Imaging} {Research}},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tshorttitle = {Beyond modern vs alternative science debate},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4417700},\n\tabstract = {In recent times, proponents of alternative sciences have been celebrated as well as chastised This paper critically analyses the modern versus alternative science debate. Postcolonial critiques of Eurocentric constructions of modern science and recent empirical studies provide the context for this study. It does not, however, provide a defence for alternative sciences, because even though their proponents critique modern science and its Eurocentric constructions, their studies, at one level, are over-determined by claims about modern science's unified, universalistic, and Eurocentric character. There is a surfeit of academic analyses o science as well as government policy documents on scientific research in India, but these provide little insight into how particular techno-scientific researches are conducted in India. This article, through a study of magnetic resonance imaging research in India and the EU., based on interviews, observations, and analysis of scientific papers, argues that the relationship between scientific practice, knowledge, and culture is contingent upon particular historical and socio-technical contexts.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Amit},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, India, Instruments, MRI, Medical Technology, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Medicine, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology},\n\tpages = {219--227},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In recent times, proponents of alternative sciences have been celebrated as well as chastised This paper critically analyses the modern versus alternative science debate. Postcolonial critiques of Eurocentric constructions of modern science and recent empirical studies provide the context for this study. It does not, however, provide a defence for alternative sciences, because even though their proponents critique modern science and its Eurocentric constructions, their studies, at one level, are over-determined by claims about modern science's unified, universalistic, and Eurocentric character. There is a surfeit of academic analyses o science as well as government policy documents on scientific research in India, but these provide little insight into how particular techno-scientific researches are conducted in India. This article, through a study of magnetic resonance imaging research in India and the EU., based on interviews, observations, and analysis of scientific papers, argues that the relationship between scientific practice, knowledge, and culture is contingent upon particular historical and socio-technical contexts.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Alternative Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Visvanathan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Theory, Culture & Society, 23(2-3): 164–169. May 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{visvanathan_alternative_2006,\n\ttitle = {Alternative {Science}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0263-2764, 1460-3616},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/026327640602300226},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/026327640602300226},\n\tabstract = {This entry counters the paradigmatic status of modern western science by pointing to the existence of alternative knowledges that precede this hegemonic form, and by showing the fruitfulness of alternative sciences that have emerged in contemporary times. It argues that the idea of an alternative science demonstrates that issues of knowledge determine the possibilities of a politics that connects the question of alternative lifeworlds to alternative livelihoods, lifestyles and life cycles.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2-3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tjournal = {Theory, Culture \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Visvanathan, Shiv},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Cognitive Justice, Epistemology, Science and Democracy, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {164--169},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This entry counters the paradigmatic status of modern western science by pointing to the existence of alternative knowledges that precede this hegemonic form, and by showing the fruitfulness of alternative sciences that have emerged in contemporary times. It argues that the idea of an alternative science demonstrates that issues of knowledge determine the possibilities of a politics that connects the question of alternative lifeworlds to alternative livelihoods, lifestyles and life cycles.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Together Towards Tomorrow: Interfacing Science and Religion in India : Essays in Honour of Professor Job Kozhamthadam SJ.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pandikattu (s.j.), K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Association of Science, Society and Religion, Pune, 2006.\n Google-Books-ID: 9l3cNAAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{pandikattu_sj_together_2006,\n\taddress = {Pune},\n\ttitle = {Together {Towards} {Tomorrow}: {Interfacing} {Science} and {Religion} in {India} : {Essays} in {Honour} of {Professor} {Job} {Kozhamthadam} {SJ}},\n\tisbn = {9788188864133},\n\tshorttitle = {Together {Towards} {Tomorrow}},\n\tabstract = {Kozhamthadam Job, b. 1945, the pioneer of science-religion dialogue in India; contributed articles.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Association of Science, Society and Religion},\n\tauthor = {Pandikattu (s.j.), Kuruvila},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 9l3cNAAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Science and Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Kozhamthadam Job, b. 1945, the pioneer of science-religion dialogue in India; contributed articles.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Gender.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Swapna Mukhopadhyay, V. B.; and Kamble, V. B.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{swapna_mukhopadhyay_information_2006,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Information and {Communication} {Technology} ({ICT}) and {Gender}},\n\tisbn = {9788174801272},\n\tabstract = {Papers and proceedings of the National Seminar on Information and Communication Technology Policies in the Context of Gender and Developmental Divides in India, held at New Delhi on 9th September 2005.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\teditor = {Swapna Mukhopadhyay, Vinay B. and Kamble, Vinay B.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Gender \\& Science, Gender \\& Technology, ICT, Science Policy, Technology Assessment},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Papers and proceedings of the National Seminar on Information and Communication Technology Policies in the Context of Gender and Developmental Divides in India, held at New Delhi on 9th September 2005.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Yash Pal: A Life in Science.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Basu, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2006.\n Google-Books-ID: 2oMZOAAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{basu_yash_2006,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Yash {Pal}: {A} {Life} in {Science}},\n\tisbn = {9788174801296},\n\tshorttitle = {Yash {Pal}},\n\tabstract = {Short biography of Yash Pal, b. 1926, Indian scientist.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Basu, Biman},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 2oMZOAAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Scientific Elites},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Short biography of Yash Pal, b. 1926, Indian scientist.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n “Neither of Meate Nor Drinke, but What the Doctor Alloweth”: Medicine amidst War and Commerce in Eighteenth-Century Madras.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chakrabarti, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 80(1): 1–38. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chakrabarti_neither_2006,\n\ttitle = {“{Neither} of {Meate} {Nor} {Drinke}, but {What} the {Doctor} {Alloweth}”: {Medicine} amidst {War} and {Commerce} in {Eighteenth}-{Century} {Madras}},\n\tvolume = {80},\n\tissn = {0007-5140},\n\tshorttitle = {“{Neither} of meate nor drinke, but what the {Doctor} alloweth”},\n\turl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630004/},\n\tabstract = {Madras in the eighteenth century was a site of continuous warfare sparked mostly by trading interests. This paper studies how these influences of hostility and commerce shaped the medical establishment of the English East India Company. It begins by analyzing the struggle of the medical establishment to cope with military and logistical requirements; it then shows how the Coromandel trade provided a peculiar dynamic to the practice of medicine in Madras. By aligning the history of medicine with that of trade, the paper traces the parallel trajectories of intellectual and material wealth. The development of modern medicine is seen as a process of adjusting to and engaging with diverse ideas and items—sometimes co-opting them, sometimes realigning them in new modes of production.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of the History of Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Chakrabarti, Pratik},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpmid = {16549880},\n\tpmcid = {PMC2630004},\n\tkeywords = {History of Medicine, India, Madras},\n\tpages = {1--38},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Madras in the eighteenth century was a site of continuous warfare sparked mostly by trading interests. This paper studies how these influences of hostility and commerce shaped the medical establishment of the English East India Company. It begins by analyzing the struggle of the medical establishment to cope with military and logistical requirements; it then shows how the Coromandel trade provided a peculiar dynamic to the practice of medicine in Madras. By aligning the history of medicine with that of trade, the paper traces the parallel trajectories of intellectual and material wealth. The development of modern medicine is seen as a process of adjusting to and engaging with diverse ideas and items—sometimes co-opting them, sometimes realigning them in new modes of production.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From Rajayak Kings’ to ‘Blackman's Plague’: Perceptions on Prevalence and Aetiology of Tuberculosis in the Madras Presidency, 1882–1947.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rao, B. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 43(4): 457–485. December 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{rao_rajayak_2006,\n\ttitle = {From {Rajayak} {Kings}’ to ‘{Blackman}'s {Plague}’: {Perceptions} on {Prevalence} and {Aetiology} of {Tuberculosis} in the {Madras} {Presidency}, 1882–1947},\n\tvolume = {43},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\tshorttitle = {From {Rajayak} s(h)ma (‘{Disease} of kings’) to ‘{Blackman}'s {Plague}’},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001946460604300403},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/001946460604300403},\n\tabstract = {This article attempts to conceptualise tuberculosis from a socio-historical perspective by looking into its prevalence and aetiology in the Madras Presidency. Since the last decade of the nineteenth century, the indifference of the British contributed to the tardy identification of the disease, leading to its widespread prevalence and attendant high mortality rate. Various perceptions of the disease evolved in a distinctive ‘formative process’ wherein different medical systems, institutions, political and socio-cultural realities played a vital role. Tuberculosis acquired its real meaning in a process of complex negotiation with various professions, including policymakers and the general population. It was particularly after the advent of the germ theory (discovered by Robert Koch in 1882) that the colonial state negotiated the disease primarily as a social phenomena by locating it in socio-cultural practices like early marriage, childhood, purdah, habits of the people, urban space and overcrowding. On the other hand, the economic aspects of malnutrition, poverty, poor housing conditions, etc., were explained away through an aetiological rationalisation of the disease attached with discursive meanings. This was, however, countered by indigenous medical practitioners who considered tuberculosis as an outcome of modern civilisation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Rao, B. Eswara},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {History of Medicine, India, Tuberculosis},\n\tpages = {457--485},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article attempts to conceptualise tuberculosis from a socio-historical perspective by looking into its prevalence and aetiology in the Madras Presidency. Since the last decade of the nineteenth century, the indifference of the British contributed to the tardy identification of the disease, leading to its widespread prevalence and attendant high mortality rate. Various perceptions of the disease evolved in a distinctive ‘formative process’ wherein different medical systems, institutions, political and socio-cultural realities played a vital role. Tuberculosis acquired its real meaning in a process of complex negotiation with various professions, including policymakers and the general population. It was particularly after the advent of the germ theory (discovered by Robert Koch in 1882) that the colonial state negotiated the disease primarily as a social phenomena by locating it in socio-cultural practices like early marriage, childhood, purdah, habits of the people, urban space and overcrowding. On the other hand, the economic aspects of malnutrition, poverty, poor housing conditions, etc., were explained away through an aetiological rationalisation of the disease attached with discursive meanings. This was, however, countered by indigenous medical practitioners who considered tuberculosis as an outcome of modern civilisation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Democratizing Scientific Knowledge through Building Scientific Institutions in Nineteenth Century India: The Sociology of Science Perspective.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mallick, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 90(8): 1138–1145. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mallick_democratizing_2006,\n\ttitle = {Democratizing {Scientific} {Knowledge} through {Building} {Scientific} {Institutions} in {Nineteenth} {Century} {India}: {The} {Sociology} of {Science} {Perspective}},\n\tvolume = {90},\n\tissn = {0011-3891},\n\tshorttitle = {Democratizing scientific knowledge through building scientific institutions in nineteenth century {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24089282},\n\tabstract = {This note, from the sociology of science perspective, argues that during the colonial regime, the colonizers, on the one hand and the cultural elite in India on the other, introduced science education to the people of India. Whereas scientific knowledge was introduced in India in order to keep the vested interests of the colonial government alive, a section of the Indian intelligentsia, in contrast, tried to democratize scientific knowledge through building scientific institutions in nineteenth century India. The present study is a modest attempt to understand the dialectic between science-for-its-own-sake and the application of scientific knowledge in the society.},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Mallick, Sambit},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, India, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {1138--1145},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This note, from the sociology of science perspective, argues that during the colonial regime, the colonizers, on the one hand and the cultural elite in India on the other, introduced science education to the people of India. Whereas scientific knowledge was introduced in India in order to keep the vested interests of the colonial government alive, a section of the Indian intelligentsia, in contrast, tried to democratize scientific knowledge through building scientific institutions in nineteenth century India. The present study is a modest attempt to understand the dialectic between science-for-its-own-sake and the application of scientific knowledge in the society.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and the Politics of Colonial Collecting: The Case of Indian Meteorites, 1856–70.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nair, S. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The British Journal for the History of Science, 39(1): 97–119. March 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{nair_science_2006,\n\ttitle = {Science and the {Politics} of {Colonial} {Collecting}: {The} {Case} of {Indian} {Meteorites}, 1856–70},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tissn = {1474-001X, 0007-0874},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and the politics of colonial collecting},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-for-the-history-of-science/article/abs/science-and-the-politics-of-colonial-collecting-the-case-of-indian-meteorites-185670/080CF713A92BCEC0BF7E54B4CA38A930},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0007087405007624},\n\tabstract = {The case of Indian meteorite collections shows how, during the production of science, knowledge-making institutions such as museums were sometimes strongly linked with coercive institutions such as the police. If geological collecting in India in the Company period was mainly geared towards satisfying the demands of metropolitan science, the period after the 1850s saw a dramatic shift in the nature of collecting and the practice of colonial science, with the emergence of public museums in India. These colonial museums, represented by the Indian Museum, Calcutta, began to compete with the British Museum for the possession of locally formed collections in an effort to form an exemplary ‘Indian’ scientific collection. This resulted in conflicts which changed the very nature of colonial science. This paper shows how the 1860s marked a break with the past. A new breed of colonial scientist arrived, prepared successfully to challenge the status of the British Museum as the ‘centre of all sciences’ and to defend scientific institutions in the land of their practice, the colony. Rather than being driven by a feeling of scientific dependence or independence, or even the patriotic aspiration to build a national collection in London, it was scientific internationalism backed by the strength of local knowledge that now determined their practice.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {The British Journal for the History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Nair, Savithri Preetha},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {97--119},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The case of Indian meteorite collections shows how, during the production of science, knowledge-making institutions such as museums were sometimes strongly linked with coercive institutions such as the police. If geological collecting in India in the Company period was mainly geared towards satisfying the demands of metropolitan science, the period after the 1850s saw a dramatic shift in the nature of collecting and the practice of colonial science, with the emergence of public museums in India. These colonial museums, represented by the Indian Museum, Calcutta, began to compete with the British Museum for the possession of locally formed collections in an effort to form an exemplary ‘Indian’ scientific collection. This resulted in conflicts which changed the very nature of colonial science. This paper shows how the 1860s marked a break with the past. A new breed of colonial scientist arrived, prepared successfully to challenge the status of the British Museum as the ‘centre of all sciences’ and to defend scientific institutions in the land of their practice, the colony. Rather than being driven by a feeling of scientific dependence or independence, or even the patriotic aspiration to build a national collection in London, it was scientific internationalism backed by the strength of local knowledge that now determined their practice.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Of Spineless Babies and Folic Acid: Evidence and Efficacy in Biomedicine and Ayurvedic Medicine.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Naraindas, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Science & Medicine, 62(11): 2658–2669. June 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{naraindas_spineless_2006,\n\tseries = {Part {Special} {Issue}: {Gift} {Horse} or {Trojan} {Horse}? {Social} {Science} {Perspectives} on {Evidence}-based {Health} {Care}},\n\ttitle = {Of {Spineless} {Babies} and {Folic} {Acid}: {Evidence} and {Efficacy} in {Biomedicine} and {Ayurvedic} {Medicine}},\n\tvolume = {62},\n\tissn = {0277-9536},\n\tshorttitle = {Of spineless babies and folic acid},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953605006489},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.043},\n\tabstract = {The basic premise of the paper is that Western medicine's co-opting of specific technologies and materials from other (indigenous) medical traditions, stripped of the original theories underlying their use, has problematic consequences for the practitioners and patients of both source and recipient traditions. The paper begins by illustrating the historical continuity of this process by way of an example from India's colonial era. The fact that specific practices or materials are regarded as biomedically useful because they ‘work’ (are efficacious) does not mean that the ‘traditional’ theories underlying them are seen as correct. The knowledge contained in these traditions is not counted as legitimate, as the emphasis in biomedicine (the legitimate canon) on an identifiable concrete location in the body for the source of health problems creates difficulties—both for patients when their problems are not provided with a cause that matches their subjective awareness, and for the practitioners of other traditions whose patients have been exposed to biomedicine. The paper goes on to demonstrate, using case examples from extended ethnographic fieldwork in southern India, how this is played out in a setting in which an educated Indian patient population accepts this form of knowledge as legitimate but espouses ayurvedic therapy. Notions of ‘evidence’ are shown to be central to the interplay between biomedical and other medical traditions, since objective tests and measures in biomedicine are accepted as the only legitimate ‘evidence’ of cure, but these do not necessarily accord either with the premises of these other traditions or with patients’ subjective perceptions of well-being. Returning to an acceptance and practice of other traditions, consequently, requires nothing less than a fundamental cognitive shift in the grounds for what constitutes ‘evidence.’},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Social Science \\& Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Naraindas, Harish},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Evidence, India, Medicine, Science, Sociology of Medicine},\n\tpages = {2658--2669},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The basic premise of the paper is that Western medicine's co-opting of specific technologies and materials from other (indigenous) medical traditions, stripped of the original theories underlying their use, has problematic consequences for the practitioners and patients of both source and recipient traditions. The paper begins by illustrating the historical continuity of this process by way of an example from India's colonial era. The fact that specific practices or materials are regarded as biomedically useful because they ‘work’ (are efficacious) does not mean that the ‘traditional’ theories underlying them are seen as correct. The knowledge contained in these traditions is not counted as legitimate, as the emphasis in biomedicine (the legitimate canon) on an identifiable concrete location in the body for the source of health problems creates difficulties—both for patients when their problems are not provided with a cause that matches their subjective awareness, and for the practitioners of other traditions whose patients have been exposed to biomedicine. The paper goes on to demonstrate, using case examples from extended ethnographic fieldwork in southern India, how this is played out in a setting in which an educated Indian patient population accepts this form of knowledge as legitimate but espouses ayurvedic therapy. Notions of ‘evidence’ are shown to be central to the interplay between biomedical and other medical traditions, since objective tests and measures in biomedicine are accepted as the only legitimate ‘evidence’ of cure, but these do not necessarily accord either with the premises of these other traditions or with patients’ subjective perceptions of well-being. Returning to an acceptance and practice of other traditions, consequently, requires nothing less than a fundamental cognitive shift in the grounds for what constitutes ‘evidence.’\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Exporting MIT: Science, Technology, and Nation-Building in India and Iran.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Leslie, S.; and Kargon, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 21: 110–130. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{leslie_exporting_2006,\n\ttitle = {Exporting {MIT}: {Science}, {Technology}, and {Nation}-{Building} in {India} and {Iran}},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tissn = {0369-7827},\n\tshorttitle = {Exporting {MIT}},\n\tabstract = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) emerged from World War II with an impressive, worldwide reputation in basic and applied science and engineering. After redefining its own engineering education in the 1950s, MIT responded to the challenge of U.S. policy makers and foundation officials and its own sense of mission in engineering research, teaching, and practice by assisting in establishing new technical institutions of higher education around the world. This paper focuses on MIT’s participation in the creation of such institutions in India and in Iran. Three case studies explore the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, and the Aryamehr University of Technology. The aim of establishing an international system of expertise with MIT at its apex reveals both the strengths and the limitations of the “export” effort.},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Leslie, Stuart and Kargon, Robert},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {BITS, Cold War, IIT Kanpur, Institutions, MIT, USA},\n\tpages = {110--130},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) emerged from World War II with an impressive, worldwide reputation in basic and applied science and engineering. After redefining its own engineering education in the 1950s, MIT responded to the challenge of U.S. policy makers and foundation officials and its own sense of mission in engineering research, teaching, and practice by assisting in establishing new technical institutions of higher education around the world. This paper focuses on MIT’s participation in the creation of such institutions in India and in Iran. Three case studies explore the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, and the Aryamehr University of Technology. The aim of establishing an international system of expertise with MIT at its apex reveals both the strengths and the limitations of the “export” effort.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Tropics and the Traveling Gaze: India, Landscape, and Science, 1800-1856.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arnold, D. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Washington Press, Seattle & London, 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{arnold_tropics_2006,\n\taddress = {Seattle \\& London},\n\ttitle = {The {Tropics} and the {Traveling} {Gaze}: {India}, {Landscape}, and {Science}, 1800-1856},\n\tisbn = {9780295800943},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Tropics} and the {Traveling} {Gaze}},\n\tabstract = {The Tropics and the Traveling Gaze considers the European representation and understanding of landscape and nature in early nineteenth-century India. It draws on travel narratives, literary texts, and scientific literature to show the diversity of European (especially British) responses to the Indian environment and the ways in which these contributed to the wider colonizing process. Through its close examination of the correlation between tropicality and “otherness,” and of science as a means of colonial appropriation, the book offers a new interpretation of the history of colonial India and a critical contribution to the understanding of environmental history and the tropical world. It will be of interest to historians of the environment, science, and colonialism; South Asianists; and cultural and environmental anthropologists and geographers.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Washington Press},\n\tauthor = {Arnold, David John},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Botany, British India, Empire and Science, Environmental History, Natural History, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Tropics and the Traveling Gaze considers the European representation and understanding of landscape and nature in early nineteenth-century India. It draws on travel narratives, literary texts, and scientific literature to show the diversity of European (especially British) responses to the Indian environment and the ways in which these contributed to the wider colonizing process. Through its close examination of the correlation between tropicality and “otherness,” and of science as a means of colonial appropriation, the book offers a new interpretation of the history of colonial India and a critical contribution to the understanding of environmental history and the tropical world. It will be of interest to historians of the environment, science, and colonialism; South Asianists; and cultural and environmental anthropologists and geographers.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gender and Science in Developing Areas: Has the Internet Reduced Inequality?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Paige Miller, B.; Sooryamoorthy, R.; Anderson, M.; Palackal, A.; and Shrum, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Science Quarterly, 87(3): 679–689. September 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{paige_miller_gender_2006,\n\ttitle = {Gender and {Science} in {Developing} {Areas}: {Has} the {Internet} {Reduced} {Inequality}?},\n\tvolume = {87},\n\tcopyright = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions\\#vor},\n\tissn = {0038-4941, 1540-6237},\n\tshorttitle = {Gender and {Science} in {Developing} {Areas}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00403.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00403.x},\n\tabstract = {Objective\n This article examines the impact of the Internet on the research careers of female scientists in three developing areas: Ghana, Kenya, and Kerala, India. Most empirical studies of gender and science focus on the developed world, yet theoretical accounts emphasize more extreme differences in developing areas. Limited evidence from Africa and Asia shows gender inequity is restricted to a few key dimensions, broadly related to differences in human and social capital. Specifically, women are less likely to acquire an advanced degree and more likely to experience educational and organizational “localism.” Such localism is related to constraints on physical mobility that are widely expected to diminish with the introduction of the Internet.\n\nMethods\n Using longitudinal data on 1,147 scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and south India, we examine gender differences in human and social capital by conducting a series of t tests and chi‐square tests. \n \nResults\n We show that higher education and Internet access increased dramatically, but localism has not been reduced significantly and may be increasing. \n \nConclusions \n This finding casts doubt on the presumption that the removal of communication constraints will soon reduce career differentials resulting from the mobility constraints on women professionals.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Social Science Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Paige Miller, B. and Sooryamoorthy, R. and Anderson, Meredith and Palackal, Antony and Shrum, Wesley},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Collaboration, Gender \\& Science, ICT, India, Internet, Kerala, Research collaboration, Scientific Community, Women in science},\n\tpages = {679--689},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Objective This article examines the impact of the Internet on the research careers of female scientists in three developing areas: Ghana, Kenya, and Kerala, India. Most empirical studies of gender and science focus on the developed world, yet theoretical accounts emphasize more extreme differences in developing areas. Limited evidence from Africa and Asia shows gender inequity is restricted to a few key dimensions, broadly related to differences in human and social capital. Specifically, women are less likely to acquire an advanced degree and more likely to experience educational and organizational “localism.” Such localism is related to constraints on physical mobility that are widely expected to diminish with the introduction of the Internet. Methods Using longitudinal data on 1,147 scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and south India, we examine gender differences in human and social capital by conducting a series of t tests and chi‐square tests. Results We show that higher education and Internet access increased dramatically, but localism has not been reduced significantly and may be increasing. Conclusions This finding casts doubt on the presumption that the removal of communication constraints will soon reduce career differentials resulting from the mobility constraints on women professionals.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sociology of Science: Normative Dimensions, Community Life & Cultural Orientation of Scientists.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Govind, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Anmol Publicatiions, New Delhi, 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{govind_sociology_2006,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Sociology of {Science}: {Normative} {Dimensions}, {Community} {Life} \\& {Cultural} {Orientation} of {Scientists}},\n\tisbn = {9788126128419},\n\tshorttitle = {Sociology of {Science}},\n\tabstract = {There Is A Reciprocal Relationship Between Science And Society. However, Social Scientists Have Paid Asymmetrical Attention To This Relationship I.E. The Impact Of Science On Society Has Been Dealt By Many But The Impact Of Society On Science By Very Few Scholars. This Book Has Explored The Impact Of Society On The Public Institutions Of Science From A Sociological Perspective. In Our Day To Day Life, We Are Using Many Scientific Concepts And Products But Are Very Little Aware About The People Whose Hard Labour And Perceptive Mind Have Made All Those Things Possible For Us. This Book Provides A Fascinating Reading For Understanding Internal Structure Of Science, Community Life Of Scientists And Their Cultural Orientation. The Norms, Values And Expectations That Are Guiding The Research Patterns Of Scientists And Their Interpersonal Relationship Have Been Focused In Detail. The Distinction And Difference Of Scientists, As A Community, From The General Public And The Way They Articulate And Respond Towards The Problems And Prospects Of Their Country Have Been Examined From The Social Science Perspectives. The Impact Of Globalisation And Marketisation On The Process Of Knowledge Production Has Also Been Explored Empirically.This Book Would Be A Useful Reference Guide For Students, Researchers And Administrators Involved In The Study Of History And Sociology Of Science And Technology And Management Of R\\&D Organizations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Anmol Publicatiions},\n\tauthor = {Govind, Madhav},\n\tyear = {2006},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n There Is A Reciprocal Relationship Between Science And Society. However, Social Scientists Have Paid Asymmetrical Attention To This Relationship I.E. The Impact Of Science On Society Has Been Dealt By Many But The Impact Of Society On Science By Very Few Scholars. This Book Has Explored The Impact Of Society On The Public Institutions Of Science From A Sociological Perspective. In Our Day To Day Life, We Are Using Many Scientific Concepts And Products But Are Very Little Aware About The People Whose Hard Labour And Perceptive Mind Have Made All Those Things Possible For Us. This Book Provides A Fascinating Reading For Understanding Internal Structure Of Science, Community Life Of Scientists And Their Cultural Orientation. The Norms, Values And Expectations That Are Guiding The Research Patterns Of Scientists And Their Interpersonal Relationship Have Been Focused In Detail. The Distinction And Difference Of Scientists, As A Community, From The General Public And The Way They Articulate And Respond Towards The Problems And Prospects Of Their Country Have Been Examined From The Social Science Perspectives. The Impact Of Globalisation And Marketisation On The Process Of Knowledge Production Has Also Been Explored Empirically.This Book Would Be A Useful Reference Guide For Students, Researchers And Administrators Involved In The Study Of History And Sociology Of Science And Technology And Management Of R&D Organizations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Information Technology and Social Change: A Study of Digital Divide in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Rawat Publications, New Delhi, 2006.\n Google-Books-ID: oKrZAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kumar_information_2006,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Information {Technology} and {Social} {Change}: {A} {Study} of {Digital} {Divide} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788131600436},\n\tshorttitle = {Information {Technology} and {Social} {Change}},\n\tabstract = {"Modern digital technology of Internet has become increasingly popular in India in the last one decade. The kinds of opportunities that it opens up for its users and the ways it throws behind those who are unable to access the technology for various reasons has emerged as an area of interest among social scientists. This book tries to understand sociologically the dynamics of changes brought in by the introduction of Internet technology in rural India. It studies how the traditional rural social structure responds to the Internet technology. It also tries to see to what extent the technology has been able to tackle the problem of inequality in Indian context where society is sharply stratified along caste, class and gender. The study explores whether the new technology has succeeded in dissolving the traditional bases of stratification in rural India or has it merely deepened the existing lines of division. The book would provide a valuable reading to anyone interested in studying the interface between information technology and society or the issue of digital divide. It will be useful for both the general reader and the students of information society. "},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Rawat Publications},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: oKrZAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Computers, Digital STS, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"Modern digital technology of Internet has become increasingly popular in India in the last one decade. The kinds of opportunities that it opens up for its users and the ways it throws behind those who are unable to access the technology for various reasons has emerged as an area of interest among social scientists. This book tries to understand sociologically the dynamics of changes brought in by the introduction of Internet technology in rural India. It studies how the traditional rural social structure responds to the Internet technology. It also tries to see to what extent the technology has been able to tackle the problem of inequality in Indian context where society is sharply stratified along caste, class and gender. The study explores whether the new technology has succeeded in dissolving the traditional bases of stratification in rural India or has it merely deepened the existing lines of division. The book would provide a valuable reading to anyone interested in studying the interface between information technology and society or the issue of digital divide. It will be useful for both the general reader and the students of information society. \"\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n How Do You Know?: Reading Ziauddin Sardar on Islam, Science and Cultural Relations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sardar, Z.; and Masood, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Pluto Press, London & Ann Arbor, MI, 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sardar_how_2006,\n\taddress = {London \\& Ann Arbor, MI},\n\ttitle = {How {Do} {You} {Know}?:\nReading {Ziauddin} {Sardar} on {Islam}, {Science} and {Cultural} {Relations}},\n\tisbn = {0745325157, 0745325149},\n\tshorttitle = {Islam, {Sciene} and {Cultural} {Relations}},\n\turl = {https://ziauddinsardar.com/books/how-do-you-know-reading-ziauddin-sardar-islam-science-and-cultural-relations},\n\tabstract = {"This book brings together some of his key writings in one volume. It provides extracts from many of his most acclaimed books. Organised in clear chapters, the essays are carefully chosen to explore the themes of Islam, science and cultural relations. Drawn from a wide range of sources, this is an accessible introduction to the thinking of one of the leading cultural theorists of our time."},\n\tpublisher = {Pluto Press},\n\tauthor = {Sardar, Ziauddin and Masood, Ehsan},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Islamic science, Philosophy of Science, Science \\& Culture, Science and Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"This book brings together some of his key writings in one volume. It provides extracts from many of his most acclaimed books. Organised in clear chapters, the essays are carefully chosen to explore the themes of Islam, science and cultural relations. Drawn from a wide range of sources, this is an accessible introduction to the thinking of one of the leading cultural theorists of our time.\"\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Decolonizing International Health: India and Southeast Asia, 1930-65.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Amrith, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Springer, Basingstoke, October 2006.\n Google-Books-ID: Myt_DAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{amrith_decolonizing_2006,\n\taddress = {Basingstoke},\n\ttitle = {Decolonizing {International} {Health}: {India} and {Southeast} {Asia}, 1930-65},\n\tisbn = {9780230627369},\n\tshorttitle = {Decolonizing {International} {Health}},\n\tabstract = {This book offers a history of international public health spanning the colonial and post-colonial eras. The volume focuses on India and the transnational networks connecting developments in India with Southeast Asia, and the wider world and contributes to debates on nationalism, internationalism and science in an age of decolonization.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Springer},\n\tauthor = {Amrith, S.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Myt\\_DAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Disease, History of Medicine, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book offers a history of international public health spanning the colonial and post-colonial eras. The volume focuses on India and the transnational networks connecting developments in India with Southeast Asia, and the wider world and contributes to debates on nationalism, internationalism and science in an age of decolonization.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Old Potions, New Bottles: Recasting Indigenious Medicine in Colonial Punjab (1850-1945).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sivaramakrishnan, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient BlackSwan, New Delhi, 2006.\n Google-Books-ID: hVrbAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sivaramakrishnan_old_2006,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Old {Potions}, {New} {Bottles}: {Recasting} {Indigenious} {Medicine} in {Colonial} {Punjab} (1850-1945)},\n\tisbn = {9788125029465},\n\tshorttitle = {Old {Potions}, {New} {Bottles}},\n\tabstract = {Old Potions, New Bottles Is A Study Of How Indigenous Medical Learning And Practices Were Recast And Reformulated With The Coming Of Western Medicine And Western Medical Ideas Through Colonial Rule.Analysing Local Responses To Global Enforcements In A Specific Yet Massive Terrain Namely, Colonial Punjab Kavita Sivaramakrishnan Explores The Processes By Which This Region S Ayurvedic Practitioners And Publicists Set About Reordering Ideas And Mobilising Networks In Response To The Claims Of Western Medicine And Its Implicit Validation Of Colonial Rule. She Shows That Vaid Practitioners Engaged With The Scientific Authority Of Western Medicine In The Colony Through Writings And Other Efforts In A Print-Based Public Sphere. Facing Both Threat And Competition, Local Practitioners Were Forced To Address And Propagate New Forms Of Medical Reason To Legitimise And Revalidate The Indigenous Scientific Basis Of Their Learning. In Part, This Meant Reinterpreting Ayurved S Claims To Status And Authority.This Book Also Explores The Engagements Between Ayurved And Yunani Indigenous Practices, Thereby Looking Beyond The Confining Binaries Of Asian And Western Medical Systems. It Argues For An Understanding Of The Contextual Politics Of Indigenous Medicine As A Fluid And Complex Body Of Ideas As Well As Representations Of Religious Identities And Linguistic Alignments. Vaid Claims To Patronage And Representation Now Meant Nothing Less Than Recasting Vaid Identity In Punjab; And This Was Marked By Irregular Alignments And Multiple Imaginings. In Showing This, The Author Suggests New Perspectives On Hindu Reformist Politics, Its Ambiguities And Fractures. Patrons And Publicists In The Medical Public Sphere Were Forging New Forms Of Sikh Community Identity And A Hindu Nation-In-The-Making, Even As They Were, Simultaneously And Disparately, Projecting An Altered Vocabulary Of Ayurvedic Learning In Hindi And Gurmukhi.Drawing Upon Years Of Fieldwork Across Punjab, Kavita Sivaramakrishnan Examines, Alongside The Standard Archives, A Vast Number Of Vernacular Pamphlets, Tracts And Magazines Many For The First Time. This Is Supplemented And Enriched By Interviews With Ayurvedic Practitioners And Families Of Hereditary Practitioners, As Well As Data From Private Collections And Diaries That Have Never Been Accessed Until Now.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient BlackSwan},\n\tauthor = {Sivaramakrishnan, Kavita},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: hVrbAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biomedicine, History of Medicine, India, Punjab},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Old Potions, New Bottles Is A Study Of How Indigenous Medical Learning And Practices Were Recast And Reformulated With The Coming Of Western Medicine And Western Medical Ideas Through Colonial Rule.Analysing Local Responses To Global Enforcements In A Specific Yet Massive Terrain Namely, Colonial Punjab Kavita Sivaramakrishnan Explores The Processes By Which This Region S Ayurvedic Practitioners And Publicists Set About Reordering Ideas And Mobilising Networks In Response To The Claims Of Western Medicine And Its Implicit Validation Of Colonial Rule. She Shows That Vaid Practitioners Engaged With The Scientific Authority Of Western Medicine In The Colony Through Writings And Other Efforts In A Print-Based Public Sphere. Facing Both Threat And Competition, Local Practitioners Were Forced To Address And Propagate New Forms Of Medical Reason To Legitimise And Revalidate The Indigenous Scientific Basis Of Their Learning. In Part, This Meant Reinterpreting Ayurved S Claims To Status And Authority.This Book Also Explores The Engagements Between Ayurved And Yunani Indigenous Practices, Thereby Looking Beyond The Confining Binaries Of Asian And Western Medical Systems. It Argues For An Understanding Of The Contextual Politics Of Indigenous Medicine As A Fluid And Complex Body Of Ideas As Well As Representations Of Religious Identities And Linguistic Alignments. Vaid Claims To Patronage And Representation Now Meant Nothing Less Than Recasting Vaid Identity In Punjab; And This Was Marked By Irregular Alignments And Multiple Imaginings. In Showing This, The Author Suggests New Perspectives On Hindu Reformist Politics, Its Ambiguities And Fractures. Patrons And Publicists In The Medical Public Sphere Were Forging New Forms Of Sikh Community Identity And A Hindu Nation-In-The-Making, Even As They Were, Simultaneously And Disparately, Projecting An Altered Vocabulary Of Ayurvedic Learning In Hindi And Gurmukhi.Drawing Upon Years Of Fieldwork Across Punjab, Kavita Sivaramakrishnan Examines, Alongside The Standard Archives, A Vast Number Of Vernacular Pamphlets, Tracts And Magazines Many For The First Time. This Is Supplemented And Enriched By Interviews With Ayurvedic Practitioners And Families Of Hereditary Practitioners, As Well As Data From Private Collections And Diaries That Have Never Been Accessed Until Now.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and the Raj: A Study of British India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, Second edition edition, 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kumar_science_2006,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\tedition = {Second edition},\n\ttitle = {Science and the {Raj}: {A} {Study} of {British} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780195680034},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and the {Raj}},\n\tabstract = {Beginning with a study of the concept of colonial science, this volume moves on to early exploratory activities in this area; problems in science administration, science education, and scientific research; and Indian responses to all these activities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tyear = {2006},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Beginning with a study of the concept of colonial science, this volume moves on to early exploratory activities in this area; problems in science administration, science education, and scientific research; and Indian responses to all these activities.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Contradictory Spaces of Postcolonial Techno-Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 41(3): 210–217. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{abraham_contradictory_2006,\n\ttitle = {The {Contradictory} {Spaces} of {Postcolonial} {Techno}-{Science}},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tissn = {0012-9976},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4417699},\n\tabstract = {Postcolonial techno-science as a field of enquiry that crosses geopolitical boundaries as it tracks flows, circuits of scientists, knowledges, machines, and techniques is a critical way of thinking about science and technology and their study that we can endorse with much enthusiasm. But when the postcolonial as a mode of analysis is linked to a fixed site of irreducible knowledge claims, it articulates an ontology that ties knowledge to location as a singular and essential quality of place. Location matters: by refusing to isolate the South from the West in the study of science, one leaves open the possibility of seeing multi-directional influences and channels simultaneously. Postcolonial science studies need a proliferation of historical and sociological accounts of science as practice in order to set a standard against which we can more easily identify "Indian Science" as a discourse that shapes a political struggle that has little to do with science studies, even if it has much to do with India.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-02},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Itty},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Nation State, Postcolonial},\n\tpages = {210--217},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Postcolonial techno-science as a field of enquiry that crosses geopolitical boundaries as it tracks flows, circuits of scientists, knowledges, machines, and techniques is a critical way of thinking about science and technology and their study that we can endorse with much enthusiasm. But when the postcolonial as a mode of analysis is linked to a fixed site of irreducible knowledge claims, it articulates an ontology that ties knowledge to location as a singular and essential quality of place. Location matters: by refusing to isolate the South from the West in the study of science, one leaves open the possibility of seeing multi-directional influences and channels simultaneously. Postcolonial science studies need a proliferation of historical and sociological accounts of science as practice in order to set a standard against which we can more easily identify \"Indian Science\" as a discourse that shapes a political struggle that has little to do with science studies, even if it has much to do with India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biocapital: The Constitution of Postgenomic Life.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rajan, K. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Duke University Press, Durham, April 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rajan_biocapital_2006,\n\taddress = {Durham},\n\ttitle = {Biocapital: {The} {Constitution} of {Postgenomic} {Life}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8223-3720-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Biocapital},\n\tabstract = {Biocapital is a major theoretical contribution to science studies and political economy. Grounding his analysis in a multi-sited ethnography of genomic research and drug development marketplaces in the United States and India, Kaushik Sunder Rajan argues that contemporary biotechnologies such as genomics can only be understood in relation to the economic markets within which they emerge. Sunder Rajan conducted fieldwork in biotechnology labs and in small start-up companies in the United States (mostly in the San Francisco Bay area) and India (mainly in New Delhi, Hyderabad, and Bombay) over a five-year period spanning 1999 to 2004. He draws on his research with scientists, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists, and policymakers to compare drug development in the two countries, examining the practices and goals of research, the financing mechanisms, the relevant government regulations, and the hype and marketing surrounding promising new technologies. In the process, he illuminates the global flow of ideas, information, capital, and people connected to biotech initiatives.Sunder Rajan’s ethnography informs his theoretically sophisticated inquiry into how the contemporary world is shaped by the marriage of biotechnology and market forces, by what he calls technoscientific capitalism. Bringing Marxian theories of value into conversation with Foucaultian notions of biopolitics, he traces how the life sciences came to be significant producers of both economic and epistemic value in the late twentieth century and early twenty-first.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Rajan, Kaushik Sunder},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2006},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Biocapital is a major theoretical contribution to science studies and political economy. Grounding his analysis in a multi-sited ethnography of genomic research and drug development marketplaces in the United States and India, Kaushik Sunder Rajan argues that contemporary biotechnologies such as genomics can only be understood in relation to the economic markets within which they emerge. Sunder Rajan conducted fieldwork in biotechnology labs and in small start-up companies in the United States (mostly in the San Francisco Bay area) and India (mainly in New Delhi, Hyderabad, and Bombay) over a five-year period spanning 1999 to 2004. He draws on his research with scientists, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists, and policymakers to compare drug development in the two countries, examining the practices and goals of research, the financing mechanisms, the relevant government regulations, and the hype and marketing surrounding promising new technologies. In the process, he illuminates the global flow of ideas, information, capital, and people connected to biotech initiatives.Sunder Rajan’s ethnography informs his theoretically sophisticated inquiry into how the contemporary world is shaped by the marriage of biotechnology and market forces, by what he calls technoscientific capitalism. Bringing Marxian theories of value into conversation with Foucaultian notions of biopolitics, he traces how the life sciences came to be significant producers of both economic and epistemic value in the late twentieth century and early twenty-first.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Drowned and Dammed: Colonial Capitalism and Flood Control in Eastern India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n D'Souza, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi and New York, 2006.\n Google-Books-ID: dRSVnQAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{dsouza_drowned_2006,\n\taddress = {New Delhi and New York},\n\ttitle = {Drowned and {Dammed}: {Colonial} {Capitalism} and {Flood} {Control} in {Eastern} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780199082094},\n\tshorttitle = {Drowned and {Dammed}},\n\tabstract = {Exploring the practice of flood control, this work argues that this is a part of a political agenda, implicated in the calculations of capitalism. It also argues for a reconsideration of the debate on the colonial environmental watershed, its hydraulic legacy and questions contemporary enthusiasm for flood control in post-independent India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {D'Souza, Rohan},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: dRSVnQAACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Exploring the practice of flood control, this work argues that this is a part of a political agenda, implicated in the calculations of capitalism. It also argues for a reconsideration of the debate on the colonial environmental watershed, its hydraulic legacy and questions contemporary enthusiasm for flood control in post-independent India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific Bengal: Science, Technology, Medicine, and Environment Under the Raj.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Palit, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Kalpaz Publications, 2006.\n Google-Books-ID: q7krAAAAYAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{palit_scientific_2006,\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Bengal}: {Science}, {Technology}, {Medicine}, and {Environment} {Under} the {Raj}},\n\tisbn = {9788178354965},\n\tshorttitle = {Scientific {Bengal}},\n\tabstract = {1. Introduction SECTIONI: SCIENCE 2. Orientalism, William Jones and Science at the Asiatic Society 3. Serampore Missionaries and Science 4. Science and Nationalism in Bengal (1876- 1912) SECTIONII: TECHNOLOGY 5. Sitanath Ghosh-The Forgotten Pioneer of Technology in Bengal 6. Swadeshi Technical Education: Bengal Technical Institute (1906-1928) 7. Binoy Kumar Sarkar: An Ideologue of Swadeshi Industrialization SECTION-Ill: MEDICINE 8. Hospital and Medical Education in Calcutta 9. Ayurveda in Colonial Bengal: Survival and Revival 10. Epidemics and Empire: A Critique of Public Health Policy in Colonial India 11. Ronald Ross and Malaria SECTION-IV: ENVIRONMENT 12. British Economic Penetration into the North Eastern Hills: Overland Trade and Allied Questions, 1800-1850 13. The Problem of Peasantisation and Integration of the Santals in the Plains Bengal 1790-1910 14. Green Imperialism 15. Two Cheers for Environment: Tagore and Gandhi on Environmental Issues Index},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Kalpaz Publications},\n\tauthor = {Palit, Chittabrata},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: q7krAAAAYAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n 1. Introduction SECTIONI: SCIENCE 2. Orientalism, William Jones and Science at the Asiatic Society 3. Serampore Missionaries and Science 4. Science and Nationalism in Bengal (1876- 1912) SECTIONII: TECHNOLOGY 5. Sitanath Ghosh-The Forgotten Pioneer of Technology in Bengal 6. Swadeshi Technical Education: Bengal Technical Institute (1906-1928) 7. Binoy Kumar Sarkar: An Ideologue of Swadeshi Industrialization SECTION-Ill: MEDICINE 8. Hospital and Medical Education in Calcutta 9. Ayurveda in Colonial Bengal: Survival and Revival 10. Epidemics and Empire: A Critique of Public Health Policy in Colonial India 11. Ronald Ross and Malaria SECTION-IV: ENVIRONMENT 12. British Economic Penetration into the North Eastern Hills: Overland Trade and Allied Questions, 1800-1850 13. The Problem of Peasantisation and Integration of the Santals in the Plains Bengal 1790-1910 14. Green Imperialism 15. Two Cheers for Environment: Tagore and Gandhi on Environmental Issues Index\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Revisiting the 'Unreasonable Effectiveness' of Mathematics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ssarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 88(3): 415–423. February 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ssarukkai_revisiting_2005,\n\ttitle = {Revisiting the '{Unreasonable} {Effectiveness}' of {Mathematics}},\n\tvolume = {88},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24110208},\n\tabstract = {Although the phrase 'unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics' is widely used, it is not clear what it means. To understand this phrase critically, we first need to understand the meaning of mathematics and what it means to use it in the sciences. This paper begins by considering the different views on the nature of mathematics, the diversity of which points to the difficulty in understanding what mathematics really is, a difficulty which adds to the mysteriousness of the applicability of mathematics. It is also not clear as to what is applied when we apply mathematics. What is clear however is that mathematics cannot be applied to the world but only to some descriptions of the world. This description occurs through the medium of language and models, thus leading us to consider the role of mathematics as language. The use of a language like English to describe the world is itself 'unreasonably effective' and the puzzle with mathematics is just one reflection of this larger mystery of the relation between language and the world. The concluding parts of this paper argue how the view of mathematics as language can help us understand the mechanisms for its effective applicabilty.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Ssarukkai, Sundar},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Language, Mathematics, Philosophy of Mathematics},\n\tpages = {415--423},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Although the phrase 'unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics' is widely used, it is not clear what it means. To understand this phrase critically, we first need to understand the meaning of mathematics and what it means to use it in the sciences. This paper begins by considering the different views on the nature of mathematics, the diversity of which points to the difficulty in understanding what mathematics really is, a difficulty which adds to the mysteriousness of the applicability of mathematics. It is also not clear as to what is applied when we apply mathematics. What is clear however is that mathematics cannot be applied to the world but only to some descriptions of the world. This description occurs through the medium of language and models, thus leading us to consider the role of mathematics as language. The use of a language like English to describe the world is itself 'unreasonably effective' and the puzzle with mathematics is just one reflection of this larger mystery of the relation between language and the world. The concluding parts of this paper argue how the view of mathematics as language can help us understand the mechanisms for its effective applicabilty.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Asian Medicine and Globalization.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alter, J. S.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, May 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{alter_asian_2005,\n\taddress = {Philadelphia},\n\ttitle = {Asian {Medicine} and {Globalization}},\n\tisbn = {9780812238662},\n\tabstract = {Medical systems function in specific cultural contexts. It is common to speak of the medicine of China, Japan, India, and other nation-states. Yet almost all formalized medical systems claim universal applicability and, thus, are ready to cross the cultural boundaries that contain them. There is a critical tension, in theory and practice, in the ways regional medical systems are conceptualized as "nationalistic" or inherently transnational. This volume is concerned with questions and problems created by the friction between nationalism and transnationalism at a time when globalization has greatly complicated the notion of cultural, political, and economic boundedness. Offering a range of perspectives, the contributors address questions such as: How do states concern themselves with the modernization of "traditional" medicine? How does the global hegemony of science enable the nationalist articulation of alternative medicine? How do global discourses of science and "new age" spirituality facilitate the transnationalization of "Asian" medicine? As more and more Asian medical practices cross boundaries into Western culture through the popularity of yoga and herbalism, and as Western medicine finds its way east, these systems of meaning become inextricably interrelated. These essays consider the larger implications of transmissions between cultures.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},\n\teditor = {Alter, Joseph S.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial History, Colonial Medicine, Colonialism, Dutch, Gynecology, HIV AIDS, India, Kumar, Deepak, Medical Sociology, Sanskrit Texts, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Medical systems function in specific cultural contexts. It is common to speak of the medicine of China, Japan, India, and other nation-states. Yet almost all formalized medical systems claim universal applicability and, thus, are ready to cross the cultural boundaries that contain them. There is a critical tension, in theory and practice, in the ways regional medical systems are conceptualized as \"nationalistic\" or inherently transnational. This volume is concerned with questions and problems created by the friction between nationalism and transnationalism at a time when globalization has greatly complicated the notion of cultural, political, and economic boundedness. Offering a range of perspectives, the contributors address questions such as: How do states concern themselves with the modernization of \"traditional\" medicine? How does the global hegemony of science enable the nationalist articulation of alternative medicine? How do global discourses of science and \"new age\" spirituality facilitate the transnationalization of \"Asian\" medicine? As more and more Asian medical practices cross boundaries into Western culture through the popularity of yoga and herbalism, and as Western medicine finds its way east, these systems of meaning become inextricably interrelated. These essays consider the larger implications of transmissions between cultures.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Postmodernism, Hindu Nationalism and \"Vedic Science\".\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Koertge, N., editor(s), Scientific Values and Civic Virtues, pages 220–234. Oxford University Press, New York, August 2005.\n Google-Books-ID: cBtREAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{koertge_postmodernism_2005,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Postmodernism, {Hindu} {Nationalism} and "{Vedic} {Science}"},\n\tisbn = {9780190291488},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Scientific_Values_and_Civic_Virtues/cBtREAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Meera+Nanda&pg=PA220&printsec=frontcover},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Scientific {Values} and {Civic} {Virtues}},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\teditor = {Koertge, Noretta},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: cBtREAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Epistemology, India, Religion \\& Science, Religious Nationalism, Science \\& Culture, Social History of Knowledge, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {220--234},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Trading Knowledge: The East India Company's Elephants in INdia and Britain.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sivasundaram, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Historical Journal, 48(1): 27–63. March 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{sivasundaram_trading_2005,\n\ttitle = {Trading {Knowledge}: {The} {East} {India} {Company}'s {Elephants} in {INdia} and {Britain}},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tissn = {1469-5103, 0018-246X},\n\tshorttitle = {{TRADING} {KNOWLEDGE}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/trading-knowledge-the-east-india-companys-elephants-in-india-and-britain/0EFDD4B87BB35CDB2D46B063386F6568},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0018246X04004212},\n\tabstract = {During the East India Company's rule of India, Britons observed the pervasiveness of elephants in local modes of warfare, hunting, trade, and religious symbolism. The colonizers appropriated this knowledge about elephants: for instance, in the taking-over of Mughal trade routes or Tipu Sultan's stables. What Indians knew about the elephant also fed into a metropolitan culture of anthropomorphism, exemplified in the celebrated shooting of the elephant Chuny in 1826. Anthropomorphic approaches to the elephant held by Britons worked alongside Sanskrit texts and Mughal paintings. These hybrid understandings gave way by the mid-century to an allegedly objective and Christian science of animals, which could not be tainted by what was called pagan superstition. By using the elephant as a point of focus, this article urges the importance of popular traditions of colonial exchange in the emergence of science, and cautions against the reification of indigenous knowledge. The argument aims to show the strengths of a history of knowledge-making that is not focused on elites, the metropolis, or the periphery. A study of the uses of the elephant in colonialism also suggests the multiple and easily interchangeable meanings that animals could carry.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-16},\n\tjournal = {The Historical Journal},\n\tauthor = {Sivasundaram, Sujit},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, Animal Studies, Britain, Elephant, India},\n\tpages = {27--63},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n During the East India Company's rule of India, Britons observed the pervasiveness of elephants in local modes of warfare, hunting, trade, and religious symbolism. The colonizers appropriated this knowledge about elephants: for instance, in the taking-over of Mughal trade routes or Tipu Sultan's stables. What Indians knew about the elephant also fed into a metropolitan culture of anthropomorphism, exemplified in the celebrated shooting of the elephant Chuny in 1826. Anthropomorphic approaches to the elephant held by Britons worked alongside Sanskrit texts and Mughal paintings. These hybrid understandings gave way by the mid-century to an allegedly objective and Christian science of animals, which could not be tainted by what was called pagan superstition. By using the elephant as a point of focus, this article urges the importance of popular traditions of colonial exchange in the emergence of science, and cautions against the reification of indigenous knowledge. The argument aims to show the strengths of a history of knowledge-making that is not focused on elites, the metropolis, or the periphery. A study of the uses of the elephant in colonialism also suggests the multiple and easily interchangeable meanings that animals could carry.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Subjects of Speculation: Emergent Life Sciences and Market Logics in the United States and India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rajan, K. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n American Anthropologist, 107(1): 19–30. March 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{rajan_subjects_2005,\n\ttitle = {Subjects of {Speculation}: {Emergent} {Life} {Sciences} and {Market} {Logics} in the {United} {States} and {India}},\n\tvolume = {107},\n\tissn = {0002-7294, 1548-1433},\n\tshorttitle = {Subjects of {Speculation}},\n\turl = {https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.2005.107.1.019},\n\tdoi = {10.1525/aa.2005.107.1.019},\n\tabstract = {This article traces systems of exchange concerning the life sciences and capital and how they configure subjectivity in the United States and India. This is done through case studies concerning the emergence of personalized medicine in the two locales. In the U.S. case, I argue for the configuration of the subjects of personalized medicine as sovereign consumers; in the Indian case, I argue for their configuration as experimental subjects. I situate these arguments in the context of epistemologies of genomics and the consolidation of systems of speculative capitalism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-08-06},\n\tjournal = {American Anthropologist},\n\tauthor = {Rajan, Kaushik Sunder},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Biocapitalism, Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, Genomics, India, Life Sciences, Personalised Medicine, USA},\n\tpages = {19--30},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article traces systems of exchange concerning the life sciences and capital and how they configure subjectivity in the United States and India. This is done through case studies concerning the emergence of personalized medicine in the two locales. In the U.S. case, I argue for the configuration of the subjects of personalized medicine as sovereign consumers; in the Indian case, I argue for their configuration as experimental subjects. I situate these arguments in the context of epistemologies of genomics and the consolidation of systems of speculative capitalism.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Encounter of Faith and Science in Inter-religious Dialogue.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Henry, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Institute of Science and Religion & ISPCK, Pune & Delhi, 2005.\n Google-Books-ID: jXYCfHDmhicC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{henry_encounter_2005,\n\taddress = {Pune \\& Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Encounter} of {Faith} and {Science} in {Inter}-religious {Dialogue}},\n\tisbn = {9788172148782},\n\tabstract = {An advanced introduction to the field of science and reigion dialogue.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Indian Institute of Science and Religion \\& ISPCK},\n\tauthor = {Henry, Sarojini},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: jXYCfHDmhicC},\n\tkeywords = {Science and Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n An advanced introduction to the field of science and reigion dialogue.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n When Do Scientists “Adopt” the Internet? Dimensions of Connectivity in Developing Areas.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ynalvez, M.; Duque, R. B.; Mbatia, P.; Sooryamoorthy, R.; Palackal, A.; and Shrum, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scientometrics, 63(1): 39–67. March 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ynalvez_when_2005,\n\ttitle = {When {Do} {Scientists} “{Adopt}” the {Internet}? {Dimensions} of {Connectivity} in {Developing} {Areas}},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tissn = {1588-2861},\n\tshorttitle = {When do scientists “adopt” the {Internet}?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-005-0203-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11192-005-0203-5},\n\tabstract = {We examine the diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the knowledge production sectors of three developing areas. Using interviews with 918 scientists in one South Asian and two African locations, we address three fundamental questions: (1) To what degree has the research community in the developing world adopted the Internet? (2) How can the disparities in Internet adoption best be characterized? (3) To what extent is Internet use associated with research productivity? Our findings indicate that while the vast majority of scientists describe themselves as current email users, far fewer have ready access to the technology, use it in diverse ways, or have extensive experience. These results are consistent with the notion that Internet adoption should not be characterized as a single act on the part of users. The rapid development of the Internet and the cumulative skills required for its effective use are equally important, particularly its impact on productivity. These findings lead us to qualify crude generalizations about the diffusion of the Internet in developing areas.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Scientometrics},\n\tauthor = {Ynalvez, Marcus and Duque, Ricardo B. and Mbatia, Paul and Sooryamoorthy, R. and Palackal, Antony and Shrum, Wesley},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Collaboration, Research collaboration, Science Communication, Sociology of Science, South Asia},\n\tpages = {39--67},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n We examine the diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the knowledge production sectors of three developing areas. Using interviews with 918 scientists in one South Asian and two African locations, we address three fundamental questions: (1) To what degree has the research community in the developing world adopted the Internet? (2) How can the disparities in Internet adoption best be characterized? (3) To what extent is Internet use associated with research productivity? Our findings indicate that while the vast majority of scientists describe themselves as current email users, far fewer have ready access to the technology, use it in diverse ways, or have extensive experience. These results are consistent with the notion that Internet adoption should not be characterized as a single act on the part of users. The rapid development of the Internet and the cumulative skills required for its effective use are equally important, particularly its impact on productivity. These findings lead us to qualify crude generalizations about the diffusion of the Internet in developing areas.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Embedding Technology in Community-based Production Systems through People's Technology Initiatives: Lessons from the Indian Experience.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abrol, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 4(1): 3–20. February 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{abrol_embedding_2005,\n\ttitle = {Embedding {Technology} in {Community}-based {Production} {Systems} through {People}'s {Technology} {Initiatives}: {Lessons} from the {Indian} {Experience}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {1474-2748, 2040-0551},\n\tshorttitle = {Embedding technology in community-based production systems through {People}'s {Technology} {Initiatives}},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/ijtm.4.1.3/1},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/ijtm.4.1.3/1},\n\tabstract = {The People\\'s Technology Initiative (PTI) represents a radical departure from the conventional paradigm to science and technology (S\\&T) and rural development by providing an alternative to it. The PTI approach emerged out of the broader People\\'s Science Movement in India, itself a backlash against what was viewed as the weak governance of science and its failure to meet the needs of the poor and enhance their productive capacities. Elements of the PTI philosophy reflect these contextual origins with an approach that seeks to build technology systems around local knowledge, resources, and economies, rather than vice versa, as is the case with conventional models of technology development. Networking as an aspect of building partnership has been a very important component in PTI - both in terms of individual initiatives and in promoting and supporting the PTI approach. Notable also is the capacity development focus of PTI in terms of enhancing the skills and technologies of poor people and linking them to sources of S\\&T, thereby enhancing the capacity of the local technology system. The evolutionary characteristics of this capacity development reflect the learning-based nature of the PTI approach. PTI presents a rather radical alternative to mainstream S\\&T and rural development initiatives. It also contains principles of partnership and learning that are of generic significance, capable of being applied to poverty reduction programmes in different countries.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Technology Management \\& Sustainable Development},\n\tauthor = {Abrol, Dinesh},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Appropriate Technology, Communities, Innovation ecosystem, Rural India},\n\tpages = {3--20},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The People's Technology Initiative (PTI) represents a radical departure from the conventional paradigm to science and technology (S&T) and rural development by providing an alternative to it. The PTI approach emerged out of the broader People's Science Movement in India, itself a backlash against what was viewed as the weak governance of science and its failure to meet the needs of the poor and enhance their productive capacities. Elements of the PTI philosophy reflect these contextual origins with an approach that seeks to build technology systems around local knowledge, resources, and economies, rather than vice versa, as is the case with conventional models of technology development. Networking as an aspect of building partnership has been a very important component in PTI - both in terms of individual initiatives and in promoting and supporting the PTI approach. Notable also is the capacity development focus of PTI in terms of enhancing the skills and technologies of poor people and linking them to sources of S&T, thereby enhancing the capacity of the local technology system. The evolutionary characteristics of this capacity development reflect the learning-based nature of the PTI approach. PTI presents a rather radical alternative to mainstream S&T and rural development initiatives. It also contains principles of partnership and learning that are of generic significance, capable of being applied to poverty reduction programmes in different countries.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Debates on Science and Technology in India: Alliance Formation between the Scientific and Political Elite during the Inter-War Period.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mallick, S.; Haribabu, E.; and Kulkarni, S. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 33(11/12): 49–75. 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mallick_debates_2005,\n\ttitle = {Debates on {Science} and {Technology} in {India}: {Alliance} {Formation} between the {Scientific} and {Political} {Elite} during the {Inter}-{War} {Period}},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\tissn = {0970-0293},\n\tshorttitle = {Debates on {Science} and {Technology} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3518066},\n\tabstract = {(Not available))},\n\tnumber = {11/12},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Mallick, Sambit and Haribabu, E. and Kulkarni, S. G.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {India, Professional Network, Scientific Community, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {49--75},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available))\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Collaboration in Indian Physics: A Case Study of the Macro and Micro Parametrization of Sub-disciplines (1800–1950).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; Gupta, B.; and Kandhari, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scientometrics, 33(3): 295–314. August 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_collaboration_2005,\n\ttitle = {Collaboration in {Indian} {Physics}: {A} {Case} {Study} of the {Macro} and {Micro} {Parametrization} of {Sub}-disciplines (1800–1950)},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\tissn = {0138-9130, 1588-2861},\n\tshorttitle = {Collaboration in {Indian} physics},\n\turl = {https://akjournals.com/view/journals/11192/33/3/article-p295.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/bf02017333},\n\tabstract = {The decade beginning 1920 is an important watershed in the history of physics in modern India. This is evident from the bibliometric data available on the publications in physics between 1800 and 1950. The paper studies the evolution of collaboration in four subdisciplines of physics during this period. In order to do so, two sets of measures of research collaboration have been employed. The collaboration index and collaboration coefficient have been calculated for the sub-disciplines. As far as the micro-parametrization of the discipline is concerned, collaboration measures developed by Egghe are obtained for the research careers of four leading Indian physicists, who were responsible for the institutionalization of physics research in India. In the present case the role of individuals responsible for the institutionalization of physics research is seen to be germane to the explosion of the number of publications in the 1920s. At the conjucture of the history of science and scientometrics, it is evident how the former can endow the latter with a modality of explanation; further, it is evident how scientometrics can inform the efforts of historians of science.},\n\tlanguage = {en\\_US},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Scientometrics},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and Gupta, B. and Kandhari, Rohit},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Disciplines, India, Institutionalization, Physics, Research Environment, Research collaboration, Scientific Community, Scientific Exchange},\n\tpages = {295--314},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The decade beginning 1920 is an important watershed in the history of physics in modern India. This is evident from the bibliometric data available on the publications in physics between 1800 and 1950. The paper studies the evolution of collaboration in four subdisciplines of physics during this period. In order to do so, two sets of measures of research collaboration have been employed. The collaboration index and collaboration coefficient have been calculated for the sub-disciplines. As far as the micro-parametrization of the discipline is concerned, collaboration measures developed by Egghe are obtained for the research careers of four leading Indian physicists, who were responsible for the institutionalization of physics research in India. In the present case the role of individuals responsible for the institutionalization of physics research is seen to be germane to the explosion of the number of publications in the 1920s. At the conjucture of the history of science and scientometrics, it is evident how the former can endow the latter with a modality of explanation; further, it is evident how scientometrics can inform the efforts of historians of science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reinventing Traditional Medicine: Method, Instituional Change, and the Manufacture of Drugs and Medication in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altter, J. S.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Altter, J. S., editor(s), Asian Medicine and Globalization, pages 67–77. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{habib_reinventing_2005,\n\taddress = {Philadelphia},\n\ttitle = {Reinventing {Traditional} {Medicine}: {Method}, {Instituional} {Change}, and the {Manufacture} of {Drugs} and {Medication} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780812238662},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Asian_Medicine_and_Globalization/g-vLKrDxyHwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=S+Irfan+Habib&pg=PA67&printsec=frontcover},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Asian {Medicine} and {Globalization}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},\n\teditor = {Altter, Joseph S.},\n\tcollaborator = {Habib, S. Irfan and Raina, Dhruv},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Acupuncture, Asia, Ayurveda, Colonial History, Colonial Medicine, Colonialism, Comparative Analysis, Conparat, Healing, India, Medical Sociology, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Traditional Medicine},\n\tpages = {67--77},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ayurvedic Acupuncture-Transnational Nationalism: Ambivalance about the Origin and Authenticity of Medical Knowledge.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alter, J. S.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Alter, J. S., editor(s), Asian Medicine and Globalization, pages 21–44. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{alter_ayurvedic_2005,\n\taddress = {Philadelphia},\n\ttitle = {Ayurvedic {Acupuncture}-{Transnational} {Nationalism}: {Ambivalance} about the {Origin} and {Authenticity} of {Medical} {Knowledge}},\n\tisbn = {9780812238662},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Asian_Medicine_and_Globalization/g-vLKrDxyHwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=S+Irfan+Habib&pg=PA67&printsec=frontcover},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Asian {Medicine} and {Globalization}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},\n\teditor = {Alter, Joseph S.},\n\tcollaborator = {Alter, Joseph S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Acupuncture, Asia, Ayurveda, Comparative Analysis, Healing, India, Medical Sociology, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Traditional Medicine},\n\tpages = {21--44},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Response to My Critics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Epistemology, 19(1): 147–191. January 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{nanda_response_2005,\n\ttitle = {Response to {My} {Critics}},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {0269-1728, 1464-5297},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02691720500084358},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/02691720500084358},\n\tabstract = {(not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tjournal = {Social Epistemology},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Ambedkar, Dr. B.R., Caste, Dalit, Epistemology, India, Postmodernism, Social History of Science, Social Movements},\n\tpages = {147--191},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, State and Violence: An Indian Critique Reconsidered.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rajan, S. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science as Culture, 14(3): 265–281. September 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{rajan_science_2005,\n\ttitle = {Science, {State} and {Violence}: {An} {Indian} {Critique} {Reconsidered}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {0950-5431, 1470-1189},\n\tshorttitle = {Science, state and violence},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09505430500216866},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/09505430500216866},\n\tabstract = {This paper explores the work of a specific group of Indian scholar activists who, during the 1980s, produced a body of writing critical of the Indian state's science, technology and environmental policy. They have been described variously as Luddites, anti-science cranks and polemicists (Guha, Citation1988; Nanda, Citation1991; Baber, Citation1996). At the same time, they have been influential among activists critical of state development policies. This paper examines one particularly polemical set of their writings. It has three broad parts. It begins by providing some context and background and describing the methodological choices made in the acquisition and presentation of the material at hand. The second, substantial section is the exposition of the argument underlying the critique being discussed. Finally, the brief last segment explores the relevance of this work for studies of science and culture.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tjournal = {Science as Culture},\n\tauthor = {Rajan, S. Ravi},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi \\& Science, Intellectual History, New Social Movements, People's Health Movement, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Public Engagement with S\\&T, Public Understanding of Science, Radical Science Movements, Science Policy, Science and Democracy, Science and Environment},\n\tpages = {265--281},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper explores the work of a specific group of Indian scholar activists who, during the 1980s, produced a body of writing critical of the Indian state's science, technology and environmental policy. They have been described variously as Luddites, anti-science cranks and polemicists (Guha, Citation1988; Nanda, Citation1991; Baber, Citation1996). At the same time, they have been influential among activists critical of state development policies. This paper examines one particularly polemical set of their writings. It has three broad parts. It begins by providing some context and background and describing the methodological choices made in the acquisition and presentation of the material at hand. The second, substantial section is the exposition of the argument underlying the critique being discussed. Finally, the brief last segment explores the relevance of this work for studies of science and culture.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Translating Science, Translating Empire: The Power of Language in Colonial North India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dodson, M. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Comparative Studies in Society and History, 47(4): 809–835. October 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{dodson_translating_2005,\n\ttitle = {Translating {Science}, {Translating} {Empire}: {The} {Power} of {Language} in {Colonial} {North} {India}},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {1475-2999, 0010-4175},\n\tshorttitle = {Translating {Science}, {Translating} {Empire}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history/article/abs/translating-science-translating-empire-the-power-of-language-in-colonial-north-india/545C8DEB02FEB691A981D03F4FA18FBB},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0010417505000368},\n\tabstract = {Translation has often been characterized as a ‘central act' of European colonialism and imperialism. For example, it has been argued that translation had been utilized to make available legal-cultural information for the administration and rule of the non-West, but perhaps more importantly, translation has been identified as important for the resources it provided in the construction of representations of the colonized as Europe's ‘civilizational other.' In the context of British imperialism in South Asia, Bernard Cohn has persuasively demonstrated the first point, namely, that the codification of South Asian languages in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries served to convert ‘indigenous' forms of textualized knowledge into ‘instruments of colonial rule.' Translational technology, in the form of language grammars and dictionaries, Cohn argues, enabled information gathering and the effective communication of commands, as well as the (at least partial) displacement of European dependence upon interlocutors of perceived dubious reliability. Most recent discussions of translation in this context, however, have focused rather more upon the act of translation as a strategic means for representing ‘otherness' to primarily domestic British reading audiences. In this case, the act of linguistic translation is more clearly being enumerated as a practice of cultural translation. English translations of the ‘ancient' Sanskrit texts of India, for example, have been analyzed for the rhetorical work that the text performs in certain contexts. On the one hand, European-produced translations of these texts might serve to reinforce the dominance of a European aesthetic sensibility through a process of ‘naturalization,' in which the culturally-specific is ‘sanitized,' subordinated to a European norm, thereby inherently limiting the ‘artistic achievement' of the colonized. The orientalist William Jones' erasure of the motif of sweat as an indication of sexual interest and arousal in his translation of Kālidāsa's fourth- or fifth-century Sanskrit play Śakuntala is a case in point. On the other hand, literary translations from Sanskrit might also foreground the ‘otherness' of Indian texts and cultural norms through a strategy of ‘foreignization'; that is, by registering for the European reader differences in language and cultural content. For example, European translations from Sanskrit might include anthropological notations which explain the cultural relevance of the text, or might instead adopt an overly literal rendering of prose, thereby foregrounding differences in syntax, vocabulary, symbol, or motif. Both such rhetorical devices, it can be argued, leave the reader tripping over the text, giving him pause to consider the very strangeness of its appearance and contents.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Comparative Studies in Society and History},\n\tauthor = {Dodson, Michael S.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Domestication of science, Governmentality, North India, Translation},\n\tpages = {809--835},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Translation has often been characterized as a ‘central act' of European colonialism and imperialism. For example, it has been argued that translation had been utilized to make available legal-cultural information for the administration and rule of the non-West, but perhaps more importantly, translation has been identified as important for the resources it provided in the construction of representations of the colonized as Europe's ‘civilizational other.' In the context of British imperialism in South Asia, Bernard Cohn has persuasively demonstrated the first point, namely, that the codification of South Asian languages in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries served to convert ‘indigenous' forms of textualized knowledge into ‘instruments of colonial rule.' Translational technology, in the form of language grammars and dictionaries, Cohn argues, enabled information gathering and the effective communication of commands, as well as the (at least partial) displacement of European dependence upon interlocutors of perceived dubious reliability. Most recent discussions of translation in this context, however, have focused rather more upon the act of translation as a strategic means for representing ‘otherness' to primarily domestic British reading audiences. In this case, the act of linguistic translation is more clearly being enumerated as a practice of cultural translation. English translations of the ‘ancient' Sanskrit texts of India, for example, have been analyzed for the rhetorical work that the text performs in certain contexts. On the one hand, European-produced translations of these texts might serve to reinforce the dominance of a European aesthetic sensibility through a process of ‘naturalization,' in which the culturally-specific is ‘sanitized,' subordinated to a European norm, thereby inherently limiting the ‘artistic achievement' of the colonized. The orientalist William Jones' erasure of the motif of sweat as an indication of sexual interest and arousal in his translation of Kālidāsa's fourth- or fifth-century Sanskrit play Śakuntala is a case in point. On the other hand, literary translations from Sanskrit might also foreground the ‘otherness' of Indian texts and cultural norms through a strategy of ‘foreignization'; that is, by registering for the European reader differences in language and cultural content. For example, European translations from Sanskrit might include anthropological notations which explain the cultural relevance of the text, or might instead adopt an overly literal rendering of prose, thereby foregrounding differences in syntax, vocabulary, symbol, or motif. Both such rhetorical devices, it can be argued, leave the reader tripping over the text, giving him pause to consider the very strangeness of its appearance and contents.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indian Philosophy and Philosophy of Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture , Centre for Studies in Civilizations, Delhi, 2005.\n Google-Books-ID: znkwAAAAYAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sarukkai_indian_2005,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Indian {Philosophy} and {Philosophy} of {Science}},\n\tisbn = {9788187586227},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Indian_Philosophy_and_Philosophy_of_Scie/znkwAAAAYAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {Philosophy Of Science Draws Upon Different Traditions In Western Philosophy, Starting From The Ancient Greek. However, There Is A Conspicuous Absence Of Non-Western Philosophical Traditions, Including The Indian, In Philosophy Of Science. This Book Argues That Indian Rational Traditions Such As Indian Logic, Drawn From Both Buddhist And Nyaya Philosophies, Are Not Only Relevant For Philosophy Of Science But Are Also Intrinsically Concerned With Scientific Methodology. It Also Suggests That The Indian Logical Traditions Can Be Understood As Requiring That Logic Itself Be Scientific. This Explains Their Engagement With Ideas Such As Valid Inference, Invariable Concomitance, The Use Of The Empirical In Logical Analysis, The Move From Observations To Statements About These Observations And So On. The Essential Relation Between Some Indian Philosophical Traditions And Science Is Further Illustrated By The Semiotic Character Of Indian Logic, Its Explanatory Structures Which Are Similar To Those Of Scientific Explanations, Indian Theories Of Knowledge And Truth, The Pragmatic Nature Of Truth And Its Relation To Action Which Is Essential To Nyaya And To Science, And Finally The Importance Of The Effability Thesis Which Is Central To Nyaya, Bhartrhari And Modern Science. The Book Introduces The Reader To Important Themes In Indian Logic, Epistemology And Philosophy Of Language As Well As Philosophy Of Science. Relationships Between These Various Traditions Are Also Explored Thereby Suggesting How Indian Philosophy Can Engage With Contemporary Philosophy Of Science. This Introductory Book Will Be Valuable For Students, Professional Philosophers As Well As Those Interested In Indian Philosophy And Its Significance To Contemporary Thought.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture , Centre for Studies in Civilizations},\n\tauthor = {Sarukkai, Sundar},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: znkwAAAAYAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Indian Philosophy, Logic, Philosophy and Science, Philosophy of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Philosophy Of Science Draws Upon Different Traditions In Western Philosophy, Starting From The Ancient Greek. However, There Is A Conspicuous Absence Of Non-Western Philosophical Traditions, Including The Indian, In Philosophy Of Science. This Book Argues That Indian Rational Traditions Such As Indian Logic, Drawn From Both Buddhist And Nyaya Philosophies, Are Not Only Relevant For Philosophy Of Science But Are Also Intrinsically Concerned With Scientific Methodology. It Also Suggests That The Indian Logical Traditions Can Be Understood As Requiring That Logic Itself Be Scientific. This Explains Their Engagement With Ideas Such As Valid Inference, Invariable Concomitance, The Use Of The Empirical In Logical Analysis, The Move From Observations To Statements About These Observations And So On. The Essential Relation Between Some Indian Philosophical Traditions And Science Is Further Illustrated By The Semiotic Character Of Indian Logic, Its Explanatory Structures Which Are Similar To Those Of Scientific Explanations, Indian Theories Of Knowledge And Truth, The Pragmatic Nature Of Truth And Its Relation To Action Which Is Essential To Nyaya And To Science, And Finally The Importance Of The Effability Thesis Which Is Central To Nyaya, Bhartrhari And Modern Science. The Book Introduces The Reader To Important Themes In Indian Logic, Epistemology And Philosophy Of Language As Well As Philosophy Of Science. Relationships Between These Various Traditions Are Also Explored Thereby Suggesting How Indian Philosophy Can Engage With Contemporary Philosophy Of Science. This Introductory Book Will Be Valuable For Students, Professional Philosophers As Well As Those Interested In Indian Philosophy And Its Significance To Contemporary Thought.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Health and Medicine in British India and the Dutch Indies: A Comparative Studies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altter, J. S.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Altter, J. S., editor(s), Asian Medicine and Globalization, pages 78–87. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{kumar_health_2005,\n\taddress = {Philadelphia},\n\ttitle = {Health and {Medicine} in {British} {India} and the {Dutch} {Indies}: {A} {Comparative} {Studies}},\n\tisbn = {9780812238662},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Asian_Medicine_and_Globalization/g-vLKrDxyHwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=S+Irfan+Habib&pg=PA67&printsec=frontcover},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Asian {Medicine} and {Globalization}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},\n\teditor = {Altter, Joseph S.},\n\tcollaborator = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial History, Colonial Medicine, Colonialism, Comparative Analysis, Dutch, India, Medical Sociology, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Traditional Medicine},\n\tpages = {78--87},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Toward Pokhran II: Explaining India's Nuclearisation Process.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chakma, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Modern Asian Studies, 39(1): 189–236. February 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chakma_toward_2005,\n\ttitle = {Toward {Pokhran} {II}: {Explaining} {India}'s {Nuclearisation} {Process}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tissn = {1469-8099, 0026-749X},\n\tshorttitle = {Toward {Pokhran} {II}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/abs/toward-pokhran-ii-explaining-indias-nuclearisation-process/D3DDCC357B5B949C09F7EC42AB759868#},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0026749X04001416},\n\tabstract = {The basic objective of this paper is to assess India's acquisition of nuclear weapons in light of the general debate why states ‘go nuclear’ and build nuclear arsenals. In general, analysts proffer four arguments about proliferation of nuclear weapons. They are: (1) security concerns; (2) prestige; (3) technological imperatives; and (4) domestic politics. The first posits that security concerns directly related to a state's physical security and survival might drive a state to acquire nuclear weapons. A state, when operating in an environment of anarchy and acute security dilemmas, remains very concerned with national security and survival. Depending on the intensity of security dilemmas, states often resort to developing lethal military forces, including, in some instances, nuclear weapons. For example, the ‘first generation’ nuclear powers (the USA, the USSR, the UK, France and China) and the ‘second generation’ nuclear states (India, Pakistan etc.) acquired nuclear weapons because they each faced an acute security threat from a strategic adversary.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Modern Asian Studies},\n\tauthor = {Chakma, Bhumitra},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {India, Military, National Security, Nuclear weapons, War},\n\tpages = {189--236},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The basic objective of this paper is to assess India's acquisition of nuclear weapons in light of the general debate why states ‘go nuclear’ and build nuclear arsenals. In general, analysts proffer four arguments about proliferation of nuclear weapons. They are: (1) security concerns; (2) prestige; (3) technological imperatives; and (4) domestic politics. The first posits that security concerns directly related to a state's physical security and survival might drive a state to acquire nuclear weapons. A state, when operating in an environment of anarchy and acute security dilemmas, remains very concerned with national security and survival. Depending on the intensity of security dilemmas, states often resort to developing lethal military forces, including, in some instances, nuclear weapons. For example, the ‘first generation’ nuclear powers (the USA, the USSR, the UK, France and China) and the ‘second generation’ nuclear states (India, Pakistan etc.) acquired nuclear weapons because they each faced an acute security threat from a strategic adversary.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Collaboration Paradox: Scientific Productivity, the Internet, and Problems of Research in Developing Areas.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Duque, R. B.; Ynalvez, M.; Sooryamoorthy, R.; Mbatia, P.; Dzorgbo, D. S.; and Shrum, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Studies of Science, 35(5): 755–785. October 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{duque_collaboration_2005,\n\ttitle = {Collaboration {Paradox}: {Scientific} {Productivity}, the {Internet}, and {Problems} of {Research} in {Developing} {Areas}},\n\tvolume = {35},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0306-3127, 1460-3659},\n\tshorttitle = {Collaboration {Paradox}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0306312705053048},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0306312705053048},\n\tabstract = {We examine the ways in which the research process differs in developed and developing areas by focusing on two questions. First, is collaboration associated with productivity? Second, is access to the Internet (specifically use of email) associated with reduced problems of collaboration? Recent analyses by Lee \\& Bozeman (2005) and Walsh \\& Maloney (2003) suggest affirmative answers to these questions for US scientists. Based on a comparative analysis of scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and the State of Kerala in south-western India ( N 918), we find that: (1) collaboration is not associated with any general increment in productivity; and (2) while access to email does attenuate research problems, such difficulties are structured more by national and regional context than by the collaborative process itself. The interpretation of these results suggests a paradox that raises issues for future studies: those conditions that unsettle the relationship between collaboration and productivity in developing areas may undermine the collaborative benefits of new information and communication technologies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2025-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Social Studies of Science},\n\tauthor = {Duque, Ricardo B. and Ynalvez, Marcus and Sooryamoorthy, R. and Mbatia, Paul and Dzorgbo, Dan-Bright S. and Shrum, Wesley},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Collaboration, India, Internet, Scientific Community},\n\tpages = {755--785},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n We examine the ways in which the research process differs in developed and developing areas by focusing on two questions. First, is collaboration associated with productivity? Second, is access to the Internet (specifically use of email) associated with reduced problems of collaboration? Recent analyses by Lee & Bozeman (2005) and Walsh & Maloney (2003) suggest affirmative answers to these questions for US scientists. Based on a comparative analysis of scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and the State of Kerala in south-western India ( N 918), we find that: (1) collaboration is not associated with any general increment in productivity; and (2) while access to email does attenuate research problems, such difficulties are structured more by national and regional context than by the collaborative process itself. The interpretation of these results suggests a paradox that raises issues for future studies: those conditions that unsettle the relationship between collaboration and productivity in developing areas may undermine the collaborative benefits of new information and communication technologies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Wrongs of the Religious Right: Reflections on Science, Secularism and Hindutva.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Three Essays Collective, New Delhi, 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{nanda_wrongs_2005,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Wrongs} of the {Religious} {Right}: {Reflections} on {Science}, {Secularism} and {Hindutva}},\n\tisbn = {81-88789-31-3, 81-88789-30-5},\n\turl = {https://www.threeessays.com/product/the-wrongs-of-the-religious-right-reflections-on-science-secularism-and-hindutva/},\n\tabstract = {Meera Nanda’s book is an impassioned plea for secularization of mentalities. She compares the secular polities of India and America to argue that, faced with the current right wing assault, secular constitutions alone cannot guarantee secularism. She examines how India’s major ecological movements have been reframed by Brahminical Hinduism with some unintended but crucial help from those within these movements. Her work shows the interconnections between the Hindutva scientism and national chauvinism, a factor crucial for its middle class support and its ‘reactionary modernism’.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Three Essays Collective},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Ecology, India, Religion \\& Science, Religious Nationalism, Secularism},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Meera Nanda’s book is an impassioned plea for secularization of mentalities. She compares the secular polities of India and America to argue that, faced with the current right wing assault, secular constitutions alone cannot guarantee secularism. She examines how India’s major ecological movements have been reframed by Brahminical Hinduism with some unintended but crucial help from those within these movements. Her work shows the interconnections between the Hindutva scientism and national chauvinism, a factor crucial for its middle class support and its ‘reactionary modernism’.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ICTs for the Rural Poor: Civil Society and Cyber-Libertarian Developmentalism in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sreekumar, T. T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Parayil, G., editor(s), Political Economy and Information Capitalism in India: Digital Divide, Development and Equity, pages 61–87. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{sreekumar_icts_2005,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {{ICTs} for the {Rural} {Poor}: {Civil} {Society} and {Cyber}-{Libertarian} {Developmentalism} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780230595613},\n\tshorttitle = {{ICTs} for the {Rural} {Poor}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230595613_4},\n\tabstract = {The convergence of development rhetoric and information society theories in discourses on the digital divide and information capitalism marks a cyber-libertarian turn in development studies. While critiquing the tendency to conflate civil society and information society, Sparks (1994) draws attention to a widely held deterministic position that the increases in productivity brought about by information and communication technologies (ICTs) would lead to a progressive weakening of the power structures that underpin the social foundation of capitalism. Sparks highlights particularly the approach of ‘new times’ theorists of the now defunct magazine Marxism Today, of advancing the argument that communication technologies can ‘undermine strong power pyramids more directly’ (Sparks, 1994, p. 38). This approach largely ignores the deep contradictions of informational capitalism characterised by increasing income inequalities reinforcing development divides, social exclusion and dependency (Parayil, 2005). The new cyber-libertarian approach to ICTs and development is characterised by two interrelated arguments on the political economy of development. First, it argues that in the advanced industrialised world wider use of ICTs would create a more equitable and democratic society, and thereby obviate the need for radical social transformation. Second, it proceeds to show that the diffusion of ICTs in less-developed countries, especially in rural areas, would help to bridge the development divide. In other words, the cyberlibertarian approach regards bridging the digital divide as the most important step to emancipate the masses from poverty, because, it is believed, new technologies like ICTs would deliver rapid economic growth.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tbooktitle = {Political {Economy} and {Information} {Capitalism} in {India}: {Digital} {Divide}, {Development} and {Equity}},\n\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK},\n\tauthor = {Sreekumar, T. T.},\n\teditor = {Parayil, Govindan},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tdoi = {10.1057/9780230595613_4},\n\tkeywords = {Civil Society, Information \\& Communication Technology, Information Society, Rural India, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {61--87},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The convergence of development rhetoric and information society theories in discourses on the digital divide and information capitalism marks a cyber-libertarian turn in development studies. While critiquing the tendency to conflate civil society and information society, Sparks (1994) draws attention to a widely held deterministic position that the increases in productivity brought about by information and communication technologies (ICTs) would lead to a progressive weakening of the power structures that underpin the social foundation of capitalism. Sparks highlights particularly the approach of ‘new times’ theorists of the now defunct magazine Marxism Today, of advancing the argument that communication technologies can ‘undermine strong power pyramids more directly’ (Sparks, 1994, p. 38). This approach largely ignores the deep contradictions of informational capitalism characterised by increasing income inequalities reinforcing development divides, social exclusion and dependency (Parayil, 2005). The new cyber-libertarian approach to ICTs and development is characterised by two interrelated arguments on the political economy of development. First, it argues that in the advanced industrialised world wider use of ICTs would create a more equitable and democratic society, and thereby obviate the need for radical social transformation. Second, it proceeds to show that the diffusion of ICTs in less-developed countries, especially in rural areas, would help to bridge the development divide. In other words, the cyberlibertarian approach regards bridging the digital divide as the most important step to emancipate the masses from poverty, because, it is believed, new technologies like ICTs would deliver rapid economic growth.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Nature and the Godly Empire: Science and Evangelical Mission in the Pacific, 1795-1850.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sivasundaram, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, November 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sivasundaram_nature_2005,\n\ttitle = {Nature and the {Godly} {Empire}: {Science} and {Evangelical} {Mission} in the {Pacific}, 1795-1850},\n\tisbn = {9780521848367},\n\tshorttitle = {Nature and the {Godly} {Empire}},\n\tabstract = {Nineteenth-century historians have described how science became secular and how scientific theories such as evolution justified colonialism. This book changes this narrative by offering the first account of the relationship between nineteenth-century science and Christianity outside the Western world. At focus are the intrepid missionaries of the London Missionary Society who reverently surveyed the oceans and islands of the Pacific and instructed converts to observe nature in order to interpret God's designs. Sujit Sivasundaram argues that the knowledge that these missionaries practiced functioned as a popular science that was inextricably linked with religious expansion.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Sivasundaram, Sujit},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2005},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Nineteenth-century historians have described how science became secular and how scientific theories such as evolution justified colonialism. This book changes this narrative by offering the first account of the relationship between nineteenth-century science and Christianity outside the Western world. At focus are the intrepid missionaries of the London Missionary Society who reverently surveyed the oceans and islands of the Pacific and instructed converts to observe nature in order to interpret God's designs. Sujit Sivasundaram argues that the knowledge that these missionaries practiced functioned as a popular science that was inextricably linked with religious expansion.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Agrawal, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Duke University Press, Durham and London, April 2005.\n Google-Books-ID: ANz5vQAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{agrawal_environmentality_2005,\n\taddress = {Durham and London},\n\ttitle = {Environmentality: {Technologies} of {Government} and the {Making} of {Subjects}},\n\tisbn = {9780822386421},\n\tshorttitle = {Environmentality},\n\tabstract = {In Kumaon in northern India, villagers set hundreds of forest fires in the early 1920s, protesting the colonial British state's regulations to protect the environment. Yet by the 1990s, they had begun to conserve their forests carefully. In his innovative historical and political study, Arun Agrawal analyzes this striking transformation. He describes and explains the emergence of environmental identities and changes in state-locality relations and shows how the two are related. In so doing, he demonstrates that scholarship on common property, political ecology, and feminist environmentalism can be combined--in an approach he calls environmentality--to better understand changes in conservation efforts. Such an understanding is relevant far beyond Kumaon: local populations in more than fifty countries are engaged in similar efforts to protect their environmental resources. Agrawal brings environment and development studies, new institutional economics, and Foucauldian theories of power and subjectivity to bear on his ethnographical and historical research. He visited nearly forty villages in Kumaon, where he assessed the state of village forests, interviewed hundreds of Kumaonis, and examined local records. Drawing on his extensive fieldwork and archival research, he shows how decentralization strategies change relations between states and localities, community decision makers and common residents, and individuals and the environment. In exploring these changes and their significance, Agrawal establishes that theories of environmental politics are enriched by attention to the interconnections between power, knowledge, institutions, and subjectivities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Agrawal, Arun},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ANz5vQAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental History, Environmentality, Ethnography, India, Sustainable Development, Technocracy, Uttarakhand},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In Kumaon in northern India, villagers set hundreds of forest fires in the early 1920s, protesting the colonial British state's regulations to protect the environment. Yet by the 1990s, they had begun to conserve their forests carefully. In his innovative historical and political study, Arun Agrawal analyzes this striking transformation. He describes and explains the emergence of environmental identities and changes in state-locality relations and shows how the two are related. In so doing, he demonstrates that scholarship on common property, political ecology, and feminist environmentalism can be combined–in an approach he calls environmentality–to better understand changes in conservation efforts. Such an understanding is relevant far beyond Kumaon: local populations in more than fifty countries are engaged in similar efforts to protect their environmental resources. Agrawal brings environment and development studies, new institutional economics, and Foucauldian theories of power and subjectivity to bear on his ethnographical and historical research. He visited nearly forty villages in Kumaon, where he assessed the state of village forests, interviewed hundreds of Kumaonis, and examined local records. Drawing on his extensive fieldwork and archival research, he shows how decentralization strategies change relations between states and localities, community decision makers and common residents, and individuals and the environment. In exploring these changes and their significance, Agrawal establishes that theories of environmental politics are enriched by attention to the interconnections between power, knowledge, institutions, and subjectivities.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tsunami Warning System: Beyond Technological Fixes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dash, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 40(4): 269–271. 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dash_tsunami_2005,\n\ttitle = {Tsunami {Warning} {System}: {Beyond} {Technological} {Fixes}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {0012-9976},\n\tshorttitle = {Tsunami {Warning} {System}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4416096},\n\tabstract = {To be effective, a tsunami warning system must consider resolving basic scientific problems inherent in non-linear phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. It must move beyond the notion of technological fixes to include people, their levels of awareness and perception, within the overall structure of warning system.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-04},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Dash, Biswanath},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {Disasters, India, Risk Governance},\n\tpages = {269--271},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n To be effective, a tsunami warning system must consider resolving basic scientific problems inherent in non-linear phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. It must move beyond the notion of technological fixes to include people, their levels of awareness and perception, within the overall structure of warning system.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and National Consciousness in Bengal: 1870-1930.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lourdusamy, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 2004.\n Google-Books-ID: s6PeGMKaqzUC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{lourdusamy_science_2004,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {Science and {National} {Consciousness} in {Bengal}: 1870-1930},\n\tisbn = {9788125026747},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and {National} {Consciousness} in {Bengal}},\n\tabstract = {This book gives a flavour of the Indian response to modern science by analysing the lives and careers of four scientifically influential personalities in Bengal. His analysis of the careers of two scientists, J. C. Bose and P. C. Ray, and two institution builders, Mahendralal Sircar and Asutosh Mookerjee, brings to light the issues related to science at a time of colonialism and nationalism. Scientists often had to depend on British institutions for legitimation and funding, while also supporting the nationalist cause for greater autonomy. One of the central claims of this book is that the protagonists aimed to contribute to a modern world science, one based on a strong sense of universalism. They did not aim to construct any alternative sciences, though they did express and apply their work by drawing on their cultural heritage. This makes Science and National Consciousness a work of particular relevance today, when a homogenous, instrumentalist and totally Western conception of science is being globally accepted.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient Longman},\n\tauthor = {Lourdusamy, J.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: s6PeGMKaqzUC},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonial Science, Intelligentsia, JC Bose, Mahendra Lal Sircar, Mookerjee, Asutosh, Nationalism, PC Ray, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Scientific Community, Scientific elites, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book gives a flavour of the Indian response to modern science by analysing the lives and careers of four scientifically influential personalities in Bengal. His analysis of the careers of two scientists, J. C. Bose and P. C. Ray, and two institution builders, Mahendralal Sircar and Asutosh Mookerjee, brings to light the issues related to science at a time of colonialism and nationalism. Scientists often had to depend on British institutions for legitimation and funding, while also supporting the nationalist cause for greater autonomy. One of the central claims of this book is that the protagonists aimed to contribute to a modern world science, one based on a strong sense of universalism. They did not aim to construct any alternative sciences, though they did express and apply their work by drawing on their cultural heritage. This makes Science and National Consciousness a work of particular relevance today, when a homogenous, instrumentalist and totally Western conception of science is being globally accepted.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n G.N. Ramachandran: A Jewel in the Crown of Modern Indian Science.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahanti, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2004.\n Google-Books-ID: zUSWYgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{mahanti_gn_2004,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {G.{N}. {Ramachandran}: {A} {Jewel} in the {Crown} of {Modern} {Indian} {Science}},\n\tshorttitle = {G.{N}. {Ramachandran}},\n\tabstract = {Short biography of Gopalasamudram Narayana Ramachandran, 1922-2001, Indian scientist.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Mahanti, Subodh},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: zUSWYgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Biology, Physics, Ramachandran, G.N., Scientist},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Short biography of Gopalasamudram Narayana Ramachandran, 1922-2001, Indian scientist.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Lessons from the Design of Innovation Systems for Rural Industrial Clusters in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abrol, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 12(2): 67–97. January 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{abrol_lessons_2004,\n\ttitle = {Lessons from the {Design} of {Innovation} {Systems} for {Rural} {Industrial} {Clusters} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1976-1597, 2158-6721},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19761597.2004.9668599},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/19761597.2004.9668599},\n\tabstract = {Practical experience with technology implementation for the upgrading of very small village industries in India suggests that innovation failures are not merely a result of the lack of proper interaction between the users and suppliers of technologies under implementation, but also a result of adoption of the primitive conception of competitiveness in their practice of technology development. The approach of promoting the small producers to become individually competitive by using labour intensive, small‐scale intermediate technologies is proving to be totally inadequate for the achievement of technological efficiency in a dynamic sense. Guided by a primitive notion of competitiveness, the suppliers of intermediate technologies are thus being led into limiting their technological efforts in the sectors of direct interest to the rural industrial clusters to the transitional objectives of mainly poverty alleviation.\n\nConsequently they have not been able to target the small producers of these village industries for the objectives of business growth. This paper posits that under competitive conditions the self‐employed small producer has not only to come together for access to resources, but also has to emerge as a multi‐sectoral collective of producers, co‐operating in production. With the aim to draw lessons that are generic and have policy implications for the development of innovation systems for local economy based rural industrial clusters and value chains, the author analyses in this paper the experience of innovation in technological systems for the sectors of leather, fruits and vegetable processing and agro processing by the People's Science Movements with the help of the Ministry of Science and Technology and other sectoral ministries in India where rural poor were required to pool the resources and capabilities for raising the scale and scope of their collective production organization.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Asian Journal of Technology Innovation},\n\tauthor = {Abrol, Dinesh},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {Design, Inclusive innovation, Industrialisation, Innovation ecosystem, Intermediate technologies, Rural India},\n\tpages = {67--97},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Practical experience with technology implementation for the upgrading of very small village industries in India suggests that innovation failures are not merely a result of the lack of proper interaction between the users and suppliers of technologies under implementation, but also a result of adoption of the primitive conception of competitiveness in their practice of technology development. The approach of promoting the small producers to become individually competitive by using labour intensive, small‐scale intermediate technologies is proving to be totally inadequate for the achievement of technological efficiency in a dynamic sense. Guided by a primitive notion of competitiveness, the suppliers of intermediate technologies are thus being led into limiting their technological efforts in the sectors of direct interest to the rural industrial clusters to the transitional objectives of mainly poverty alleviation. Consequently they have not been able to target the small producers of these village industries for the objectives of business growth. This paper posits that under competitive conditions the self‐employed small producer has not only to come together for access to resources, but also has to emerge as a multi‐sectoral collective of producers, co‐operating in production. With the aim to draw lessons that are generic and have policy implications for the development of innovation systems for local economy based rural industrial clusters and value chains, the author analyses in this paper the experience of innovation in technological systems for the sectors of leather, fruits and vegetable processing and agro processing by the People's Science Movements with the help of the Ministry of Science and Technology and other sectoral ministries in India where rural poor were required to pool the resources and capabilities for raising the scale and scope of their collective production organization.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern South Asia: Introduction.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pollock, S. I\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 24(2): 19–21. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{pollock_forms_2004,\n\ttitle = {Forms of {Knowledge} in {Early} {Modern} {South} {Asia}: {Introduction}},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tissn = {1548-226X},\n\tshorttitle = {Forms of {Knowledge} in {Early} {Modern} {South} {Asia}},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/4/article/181659},\n\tabstract = {"The study of the impact of colonialism on culture and power has been the dominant arena of inquiry in the past two decades in South Asian studies. A large body of scholarship has been produced in the colonialism-and-X mode: colonialism and economy, colonialism and caste, colonialism and religious categories ... and the nation, masculinity, science, literature, art, law, historicality, empiricism, numeracy, and almost everything else. Much of this scholarship has been both substantively and theoretically exciting and provocative, and has changed the way we understand the transformative interactions between India and Europe from 1800 on. 1 Yet, as many of its practitioners would be the first to admit, colonial studies has often been skating on the thinnest ice, given how much it depends on a knowledge of the precolonial realities that colonialism encountered, and how little such knowledge we actually possess."\n[From introduction]},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-07-28},\n\tjournal = {Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East},\n\tauthor = {Pollock, Sheldon I},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {Precolonial, Social History of Knowledge, South Asia},\n\tpages = {19--21},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"The study of the impact of colonialism on culture and power has been the dominant arena of inquiry in the past two decades in South Asian studies. A large body of scholarship has been produced in the colonialism-and-X mode: colonialism and economy, colonialism and caste, colonialism and religious categories ... and the nation, masculinity, science, literature, art, law, historicality, empiricism, numeracy, and almost everything else. Much of this scholarship has been both substantively and theoretically exciting and provocative, and has changed the way we understand the transformative interactions between India and Europe from 1800 on. 1 Yet, as many of its practitioners would be the first to admit, colonial studies has often been skating on the thinnest ice, given how much it depends on a knowledge of the precolonial realities that colonialism encountered, and how little such knowledge we actually possess.\" [From introduction]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Viability of Islamic Science: Some Insights from 19th Century India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, S. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 39(23): 2351–2355. June 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{habib_viability_2004,\n\ttitle = {Viability of {Islamic} {Science}: {Some} {Insights} from 19th {Century} {India}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4415117},\n\tabstract = {Science flowered in Islam during the liberal Muslim Abbasid and later Ottoman kings. This was possible because the Abbasids welcomed scientists and translators from other cultures who willingly became sincere participants in the project called Islamic civilisation. The 19th century interlocutors, a few of whom are discussed in this paper, were aware of the cross-civilisational character of science in Islamic civilisation and modern science for them was a culmination of the perpetually shifting centres of science in history. This plurality of vision and cross-cultural perspective is much in contrast to what is being propounded today in the name of Islamic science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {23},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Habib, S. Irfan},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, India, Intelligentsia, Islam \\& Science, Islamic science},\n\tpages = {2351--2355},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science flowered in Islam during the liberal Muslim Abbasid and later Ottoman kings. This was possible because the Abbasids welcomed scientists and translators from other cultures who willingly became sincere participants in the project called Islamic civilisation. The 19th century interlocutors, a few of whom are discussed in this paper, were aware of the cross-civilisational character of science in Islamic civilisation and modern science for them was a culmination of the perpetually shifting centres of science in history. This plurality of vision and cross-cultural perspective is much in contrast to what is being propounded today in the name of Islamic science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Exemplar of Academia—Industry Interchange: The Department of Chemical Technology at Bombay University.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ambix, 51(2): 149–166. July 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyabji_exemplar_2004,\n\ttitle = {Exemplar of {Academia}—{Industry} {Interchange}: {The} {Department} of {Chemical} {Technology} at {Bombay} {University}},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tissn = {0002-6980, 1745-8234},\n\tshorttitle = {Exemplar of {Academia}—{Industry} {Interchange}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/amb.2004.51.2.149},\n\tdoi = {10.1179/amb.2004.51.2.149},\n\tabstract = {It was a textile industrialist's bequest that helped establish the Department of Chemical Technology at Bombay University in 1934, and there has been sustained and systematic use of the department's resources by industry ever since. Among other noteworthy features, the report of the university's academic council recommending the establishment of the department made a categorical distinction between technical education, designed to create skilled foremen, and technological education, oriented towards establishing a mode of thinking amongst future technologists. The paper's principal thesis is that the presence of the textile industry in Bombay allowed the funds for the establishment of the department to be made available. It also ensured a concentration of the curriculum and syllabus, in what was conceived to be an institution of technology in general, on the area of enquiry most relevant to the textile industry, textile chemistry. This effectively converted the department into an institution specialising in textile chemistry, later broadened into chemical technology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Ambix},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {Bombay, Chemical industry, Chemistry, Colonial Science, India, Institution Development, Science Education, Scientific Community, Scientific Practice, Technology \\& Society, Textile chemistry, University},\n\tpages = {149--166},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n It was a textile industrialist's bequest that helped establish the Department of Chemical Technology at Bombay University in 1934, and there has been sustained and systematic use of the department's resources by industry ever since. Among other noteworthy features, the report of the university's academic council recommending the establishment of the department made a categorical distinction between technical education, designed to create skilled foremen, and technological education, oriented towards establishing a mode of thinking amongst future technologists. The paper's principal thesis is that the presence of the textile industry in Bombay allowed the funds for the establishment of the department to be made available. It also ensured a concentration of the curriculum and syllabus, in what was conceived to be an institution of technology in general, on the area of enquiry most relevant to the textile industry, textile chemistry. This effectively converted the department into an institution specialising in textile chemistry, later broadened into chemical technology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gaining Technical Know-How in an Unequal World: Penicillin Manufacture in Nehru's India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 45(2): 331–349. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyabji_gaining_2004,\n\ttitle = {Gaining {Technical} {Know}-{How} in an {Unequal} {World}: {Penicillin} {Manufacture} in {Nehru}'s {India}},\n\tvolume = {45},\n\tissn = {1097-3729},\n\tshorttitle = {Gaining {Technical} {Know}-{How} in an {Unequal} {World}},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/55695},\n\tabstract = {The paper examines the rationale behind the Government of India's decision to initiate the manufacture of penicillin through collaboration with specialized agencies of the United Nations. Initially the expectation had been that collaboration was essential with one of the prominent transnational companies which had proprietory knowledge in penicillin manufacture. This preference for aligning with a proven manufacturer rather than taking the more entrepreneurial route of depending on the United Nations was favoured by the Committee established to oversee the penicillin project which was chaired by a prominent industrialist. Prime Minister Nehru's intervention tilted the balance in favour of the United Nation's agencies. Nehru's choice in the matter was based on the advantages to India which would accrue from association with the United Nations, in addition to his reluctance to allow India to enter into a subordinate position through collaboration with a foreign manufacturer in as sensitive an area as pharmaceuticals.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {Drug Trial, Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, India, Industry, Nehru, Jawaharlal, Nehruvian Science, R\\&D Policy},\n\tpages = {331--349},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The paper examines the rationale behind the Government of India's decision to initiate the manufacture of penicillin through collaboration with specialized agencies of the United Nations. Initially the expectation had been that collaboration was essential with one of the prominent transnational companies which had proprietory knowledge in penicillin manufacture. This preference for aligning with a proven manufacturer rather than taking the more entrepreneurial route of depending on the United Nations was favoured by the Committee established to oversee the penicillin project which was chaired by a prominent industrialist. Prime Minister Nehru's intervention tilted the balance in favour of the United Nation's agencies. Nehru's choice in the matter was based on the advantages to India which would accrue from association with the United Nations, in addition to his reluctance to allow India to enter into a subordinate position through collaboration with a foreign manufacturer in as sensitive an area as pharmaceuticals.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Is Kerala Becoming a Knowledge Society? - Evidence from the Scientific Community.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sooryamoorthy, R.; and Shrum, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociological Bulletin, 53(2): 207–224. May 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sooryamoorthy_is_2004,\n\ttitle = {Is {Kerala} {Becoming} a {Knowledge} {Society}? - {Evidence} from the {Scientific} {Community}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0038-0229, 2457-0257},\n\tshorttitle = {Is {Kerala} {Becoming} a {Knowledge} {Society}?},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022920040203},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0038022920040203},\n\tabstract = {When knowledge becomes the key for progress and development, its generation assumes great significance. Who generates it and how it is done become important issues, and particularly so in developing societies. Using data from a longitudinal study of 404 scientists in Kerala collected in 1994 and 2000, this paper attempts to understand the players and the system of knowledge generation. It focuses on changes in the personal characteristics of the researchers, their professional activities, and their productivity during this period.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-16},\n\tjournal = {Sociological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Sooryamoorthy, R. and Shrum, Wesley},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {India, Kerala, Knowledge and economy, Research collaboration, Scientific Community},\n\tpages = {207--224},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n When knowledge becomes the key for progress and development, its generation assumes great significance. Who generates it and how it is done become important issues, and particularly so in developing societies. Using data from a longitudinal study of 404 scientists in Kerala collected in 1994 and 2000, this paper attempts to understand the players and the system of knowledge generation. It focuses on changes in the personal characteristics of the researchers, their professional activities, and their productivity during this period.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Post-TRIPs Technological Behaviour of the Pharmaceutical Industry in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abrol, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 9(2): 243–271. September 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{abrol_post-trips_2004,\n\ttitle = {Post-{TRIPs} {Technological} {Behaviour} of the {Pharmaceutical} {Industry} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/097172180400900203},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/097172180400900203},\n\tabstract = {This paper analyses the post-TRIPs behaviour of domestic and foreign pharmaceutical firms in respect of technology acquisition, knowledge transfer and domestic R\\&D in India. It evaluates the prospects of development of capabilities by domestic firms in a scenario where they have also chosen to enter the markets for generics in developed countries and build relations of subcontracting with multinational corporations in the sphere of R\\&D and production activities. It suggests that due to the introduction of strong IPRs, pharmaceutical multinationals are now advantageously placed to control knowledge diffusion and integrate the local capabilities of a country like India into their own myopic and narrowly benefiting innovation strategies. Evidence available from the experience of developing countries like India on the diffusion of knowledge contradicts the claim of TRIPs advocates that its adverse effect on prices of patented medicines would be adequately compensated by the benefits of technology transfer and domestic R\\&D. The domestic industry is told to utilise emerging market opportunities for contract manufacture and R\\&D in a selective way. The government is asked to intervene with the aim to make the domestic industry undertake technological activities that would allow the Indian pharmaceutical sector to upgrade itself for the benefit of development of therapies for the needs of Indian people in particular and developing countries in general.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Abrol, Dinesh},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {Economic Liberalisation, India, Pharmaceutical Industry},\n\tpages = {243--271},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper analyses the post-TRIPs behaviour of domestic and foreign pharmaceutical firms in respect of technology acquisition, knowledge transfer and domestic R&D in India. It evaluates the prospects of development of capabilities by domestic firms in a scenario where they have also chosen to enter the markets for generics in developed countries and build relations of subcontracting with multinational corporations in the sphere of R&D and production activities. It suggests that due to the introduction of strong IPRs, pharmaceutical multinationals are now advantageously placed to control knowledge diffusion and integrate the local capabilities of a country like India into their own myopic and narrowly benefiting innovation strategies. Evidence available from the experience of developing countries like India on the diffusion of knowledge contradicts the claim of TRIPs advocates that its adverse effect on prices of patented medicines would be adequately compensated by the benefits of technology transfer and domestic R&D. The domestic industry is told to utilise emerging market opportunities for contract manufacture and R&D in a selective way. The government is asked to intervene with the aim to make the domestic industry undertake technological activities that would allow the Indian pharmaceutical sector to upgrade itself for the benefit of development of therapies for the needs of Indian people in particular and developing countries in general.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n eChoupals: A Study on the Financial Sustainability of Village Internet Centers in Rural Madhya Pradesh.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Information Technologies & International Development, 2(1): pp. 45–73. September 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_echoupals_2004,\n\ttitle = {{eChoupals}: {A} {Study} on the {Financial} {Sustainability} of {Village} {Internet} {Centers} in {Rural} {Madhya} {Pradesh}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {1544-7529},\n\tshorttitle = {{eChoupals}},\n\turl = {https://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid/article/view/192},\n\tabstract = {Over the past few years, the long-term sustainability of ICT initiatives has increasingly come under question. Despite persistent doubts, governments, international agencies, NGOs, and private companies are pressing ahead to set up more such projects. This paper studies the financial sustainability of India's largest rural ICT initiative known as eChoupal. The eChoupals are distinct from other telecenter projects in that the value added is not in providing ICT infrastructure alone, but rather, in enabling efficiencies in the agricultural sector through greater information exchange and creation of an alternative market structure. An analysis of available data indicates that this project has a potential payback period of 3.9 years. Although several assumptions have been used in these calculations, a sensitivity analysis has been performed to provide a range of possible scenarios that show the profitability of the project. Through this analysis it seems that ICT projects can be financially sustainable when they are viewed not as an end in themselves but as tools to facilitate information exchange whereby, use of the technology enables higher efficiencies in another existing or new business setting, which provides the source of revenue to recover the initial investment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Information Technologies \\& International Development},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Richa},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {Digital STS, India, Information \\& Communication Technology},\n\tpages = {pp. 45--73},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Over the past few years, the long-term sustainability of ICT initiatives has increasingly come under question. Despite persistent doubts, governments, international agencies, NGOs, and private companies are pressing ahead to set up more such projects. This paper studies the financial sustainability of India's largest rural ICT initiative known as eChoupal. The eChoupals are distinct from other telecenter projects in that the value added is not in providing ICT infrastructure alone, but rather, in enabling efficiencies in the agricultural sector through greater information exchange and creation of an alternative market structure. An analysis of available data indicates that this project has a potential payback period of 3.9 years. Although several assumptions have been used in these calculations, a sensitivity analysis has been performed to provide a range of possible scenarios that show the profitability of the project. Through this analysis it seems that ICT projects can be financially sustainable when they are viewed not as an end in themselves but as tools to facilitate information exchange whereby, use of the technology enables higher efficiencies in another existing or new business setting, which provides the source of revenue to recover the initial investment.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Technology for Rural India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Reddy, A. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 87(7): 889–898. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{reddy_science_2004,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Technology} for {Rural} {India}},\n\tvolume = {87},\n\turl = {http://repository.ias.ac.in/34329/1/34329.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Though the importance of science and technology for rural India was appreciated in the 1930s by Gandhi, giving rise to the work of the Centre for Science for Villages, advanced institutions of education, science and technology turned their attention to this area only in the 1970s. The most well-known of these efforts was from the Indian Institute of Science with its programme for the application of science and technology to rural areas known by its acronym ASTRA. ASTRA (recently renamed as Centre for Sustainable Technologies) was based on a model of science–technology interactions in a ‘dual society’ like India with a small affluent elite amidst a large economically deprived majority living primarily in rural areas. The model showed that inter alia an extension centre and a mission-oriented programme would be required to develop technologies to address the normally ignored needs of the rural population. While many features of this initial ASTRA model have been validated, it also had several shortcomings that are described. An attempt has been made in this article to indicate some directions along which the model should be updated taking into account the emphasis today on sustainable development. Special attention has been devoted to the failure modes in the generation, commercialization and dissemination of rural technologies. Finally, the barriers to the commercialization and dissemination of rural technologies are discussed.},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Reddy, Amulya K.N.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {ASTRA, India, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {889--898},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Though the importance of science and technology for rural India was appreciated in the 1930s by Gandhi, giving rise to the work of the Centre for Science for Villages, advanced institutions of education, science and technology turned their attention to this area only in the 1970s. The most well-known of these efforts was from the Indian Institute of Science with its programme for the application of science and technology to rural areas known by its acronym ASTRA. ASTRA (recently renamed as Centre for Sustainable Technologies) was based on a model of science–technology interactions in a ‘dual society’ like India with a small affluent elite amidst a large economically deprived majority living primarily in rural areas. The model showed that inter alia an extension centre and a mission-oriented programme would be required to develop technologies to address the normally ignored needs of the rural population. While many features of this initial ASTRA model have been validated, it also had several shortcomings that are described. An attempt has been made in this article to indicate some directions along which the model should be updated taking into account the emphasis today on sustainable development. Special attention has been devoted to the failure modes in the generation, commercialization and dissemination of rural technologies. Finally, the barriers to the commercialization and dissemination of rural technologies are discussed.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Variolation, Vaccination and Popular Resistance in Early Colonial South India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brimnes, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Medical History, 48(2): 199–228. April 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brimnes_variolation_2004,\n\ttitle = {Variolation, {Vaccination} and {Popular} {Resistance} in {Early} {Colonial} {South} {India}},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tissn = {2048-8343, 0025-7273},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/medical-history/article/variolation-vaccination-and-popular-resistance-in-early-colonial-south-india/1D7AE81A3C2FA807C94049174A15F692},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0025727300000107},\n\tabstract = {The campaigns to prevent smallpox in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries are commonly understood as the first attempts of large-scale state-sponsored medical intervention in society as such. Before the discovery of the cowpox vaccine inoculation with variolous matter—known as variolation—was the most widespread preventive against the disease. This practice was well established in parts of Asia and introduced to Europe by Mary Wortley Montagu from Constantinople in 1721. While variolation achieved some popularity—particularly in Britain—Edward Jenner's discovery of the cowpox vaccine in 1796 intensified the efforts to combat smallpox, and vaccination was introduced to large parts of the world within a few years. Although the spread of immunization against smallpox is commonly described as highly successful, the campaigns also represented an early encounter between an elitist state-sponsored medicine and various forms of popular resistance.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Medical History},\n\tauthor = {Brimnes, Niels},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {History of Medicine, India, Vaccination},\n\tpages = {199--228},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The campaigns to prevent smallpox in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries are commonly understood as the first attempts of large-scale state-sponsored medical intervention in society as such. Before the discovery of the cowpox vaccine inoculation with variolous matter—known as variolation—was the most widespread preventive against the disease. This practice was well established in parts of Asia and introduced to Europe by Mary Wortley Montagu from Constantinople in 1721. While variolation achieved some popularity—particularly in Britain—Edward Jenner's discovery of the cowpox vaccine in 1796 intensified the efforts to combat smallpox, and vaccination was introduced to large parts of the world within a few years. Although the spread of immunization against smallpox is commonly described as highly successful, the campaigns also represented an early encounter between an elitist state-sponsored medicine and various forms of popular resistance.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gender and Science in Development: Women Scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Campion, P.; and Shrum, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 29(4): 459–485. October 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{campion_gender_2004,\n\ttitle = {Gender and {Science} in {Development}: {Women} {Scientists} in {Ghana}, {Kenya}, and {India}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Gender and {Science} in {Development}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243904265895},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0162243904265895},\n\tabstract = {Why do women have more difficulty pursuing research careers than men? Although this topic has been extensively investigated in industrialized countries, prior studies provide little comparative evidence from less-developed areas. Based on a survey of 293 scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and the Indian state of Kerala, this article examines gender differences on a variety of individual, social, and organizational dimensions. The results show small or nonexistent differences between women and men in individual characteristics, professional resources, and the organizational conditions under which research is conducted. The article argues that a combination of educational and research localism increases the likelihood of restricted professional networks for women. Gender inequality in the research systems of the developing world may be based on systemic deficits in the acquisition of social rather than material resources. The most important implication is that educational policy for development should focus on international opportunities for women in the near future.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Campion, Patricia and Shrum, Wesley},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tkeywords = {Feminist STS, India},\n\tpages = {459--485},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Why do women have more difficulty pursuing research careers than men? Although this topic has been extensively investigated in industrialized countries, prior studies provide little comparative evidence from less-developed areas. Based on a survey of 293 scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and the Indian state of Kerala, this article examines gender differences on a variety of individual, social, and organizational dimensions. The results show small or nonexistent differences between women and men in individual characteristics, professional resources, and the organizational conditions under which research is conducted. The article argues that a combination of educational and research localism increases the likelihood of restricted professional networks for women. Gender inequality in the research systems of the developing world may be based on systemic deficits in the acquisition of social rather than material resources. The most important implication is that educational policy for development should focus on international opportunities for women in the near future.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Western Science in Modern India: Metropolitan Methods, Colonial Practices.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chakrabarti, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Permanent Black, Delhi, 2004.\n Google-Books-ID: 7MIlhVC5f3AC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chakrabarti_western_2004,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Western {Science} in {Modern} {India}: {Metropolitan} {Methods}, {Colonial} {Practices}},\n\tisbn = {9788178240787},\n\tshorttitle = {Western {Science} in {Modern} {India}},\n\tabstract = {Starting in the 18th century, this book reveals a process of knowledge-transfer that involved not only Indian nationalist scientists but also Europeans (East India Company surgeons and surveyors) - the initial practiconers of modern science in India. In doing so it highlights the fact that the marginality of colonial scientific experience, like the battles to overcome it, could be located at diverse cultural sites. This book spans a period of about 170 years, from 1780 to 1950m and traverses several institutions. These include the Asiatic Society, the Geological Survey of India, the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, and the Bose Institute. It also looks acutely at the work of individuals such as Henry Piddington, Thomas Holland, Frederick Cobyn, Hugh Falconer, Mahendralal Sircar, J.C. Bose, P.C. Ray, and M.N. Saha.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Permanent Black},\n\tauthor = {Chakrabarti, Pratik},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7MIlhVC5f3AC},\n\tkeywords = {Institutionalization, JC Bose, PC Ray},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Starting in the 18th century, this book reveals a process of knowledge-transfer that involved not only Indian nationalist scientists but also Europeans (East India Company surgeons and surveyors) - the initial practiconers of modern science in India. In doing so it highlights the fact that the marginality of colonial scientific experience, like the battles to overcome it, could be located at diverse cultural sites. This book spans a period of about 170 years, from 1780 to 1950m and traverses several institutions. These include the Asiatic Society, the Geological Survey of India, the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, and the Bose Institute. It also looks acutely at the work of individuals such as Henry Piddington, Thomas Holland, Frederick Cobyn, Hugh Falconer, Mahendralal Sircar, J.C. Bose, P.C. Ray, and M.N. Saha.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Domesticating Modern Science: A Social History of Science and Culture in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; and Habib, S. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Tulika Books, 2004.\n Google-Books-ID: dmxhQgAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{raina_domesticating_2004,\n\ttitle = {Domesticating {Modern} {Science}: {A} {Social} {History} of {Science} and {Culture} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788185229881},\n\tshorttitle = {Domesticating {Modern} {Science}},\n\tabstract = {The essays in this volume examine the cultural reception of modern science in late colonial India. They show how the first generation of Indian scientists responded to and creatively worked the theories and practices of modern science into their cultural idiom. The process of cultural legitimation of modern science is revealed through the debates surrounding these theories. The first set of essays deals with the encounter between the rationality of modern science and the exact sciences as portrayed by missionaries and British administrators, and so-called traditional ways of knowing. A second set of essays shifts the focus of attention to Calcutta between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century when it virtually functioned as India s scientific capital. The essays examine the reception of theories of science such as that of biological evolution and the rejection of social Darwinism. Further, a new set of concerns of scientific and technical education and the installation of modern scientific and technological research systems acquired central importance by the end of the nineteenth century. These concerns dovetailed with the thinking of the emerging nationalist movement, and the essays that discuss the larger Indian picture indicate how the scientific community enlisted the political elite into its vision, and how this very elite drew upon the nascent scientific community in the project of decolonization. Dhruv Raina teaches at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. S. Irfan Habib is a scientist at the National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies, New Delhi.. . . a collection of essays which seeks to examine . . . the cultural offensive [of modernity] during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.The Book Review},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Tulika Books},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and Habib, S. Irfan},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: dmxhQgAACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The essays in this volume examine the cultural reception of modern science in late colonial India. They show how the first generation of Indian scientists responded to and creatively worked the theories and practices of modern science into their cultural idiom. The process of cultural legitimation of modern science is revealed through the debates surrounding these theories. The first set of essays deals with the encounter between the rationality of modern science and the exact sciences as portrayed by missionaries and British administrators, and so-called traditional ways of knowing. A second set of essays shifts the focus of attention to Calcutta between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century when it virtually functioned as India s scientific capital. The essays examine the reception of theories of science such as that of biological evolution and the rejection of social Darwinism. Further, a new set of concerns of scientific and technical education and the installation of modern scientific and technological research systems acquired central importance by the end of the nineteenth century. These concerns dovetailed with the thinking of the emerging nationalist movement, and the essays that discuss the larger Indian picture indicate how the scientific community enlisted the political elite into its vision, and how this very elite drew upon the nascent scientific community in the project of decolonization. Dhruv Raina teaches at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. S. Irfan Habib is a scientist at the National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies, New Delhi.. . . a collection of essays which seeks to examine . . . the cultural offensive [of modernity] during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.The Book Review\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Disciplines, Institutions and Organizations: Impact Assessments in Context.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, R. S\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Agricultural Systems, 78(2): 185–211. November 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raina_disciplines_2003,\n\ttitle = {Disciplines, {Institutions} and {Organizations}: {Impact} {Assessments} in {Context}},\n\tvolume = {78},\n\tissn = {0308521X},\n\tshorttitle = {Disciplines, institutions and organizations},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308521X03001264},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/S0308-521X(03)00126-4},\n\tabstract = {This paper locates impact assessment research within the disciplinary constructs of agricultural economics, the institutions (rules of the game) and organizations (structures governed by these rules/norms) of agricultural innovation. The paper analyses the disciplinary limitations in impact assessment research. In the hard science culture of agricultural research the social sciences, closer to the reality of complex technological contexts, are less prestigious. Agricultural economics, the disciplinary root of impact assessment, imposes a major constraint by making institutional contexts and variations intractable and analysed at best as disturbances. Sophisticated econometric methodologies substitute for information on institutions, systems components and relationships. The paper presents an analytical framework to distinguish between the institutional and organizational variables in the agricultural innovation system. The case study of institutional and organizational change in Indian agricultural research and extension is used to demonstrate the role of institutions in determining the impact of agricultural science and technology. Impact assessment research is institutionally conditioned to look for end point consequences of research, such as yield increase, cost reduction, or farm income. This body of knowledge ignores crucial requirements such as the institutional framework (hierarchy for instance) and actors that facilitate these end point impacts. Mainstream impact assessment literature is not concerned about the important relationships among these institutions and actors, or about the impact of knowledge on these institutions and organizations. In the quest for end point consequences, estimated often as rates of return to investment, impact assessment has overlooked important requirements and relationships within agricultural innovation systems. An analysis of institutional learning using the key elements of an evaluation culture as proposed by program evaluators is used to demonstrate the need for impact assessment to engage with institutional questions and build the capacity for institutional learning. There is a felt need to move from impact assessment to a larger evaluation culture. Agricultural research evaluation has much to learn from regular program evaluation. This calls for more social science research besides neoclassical agricultural economics, and active interaction among the natural and social scientists, extensionists, farming communities, policy makers and other actors. Effective evaluation in general and impact assessment in particular depends on the institutional learning capacity of the actors, especially scientists and policy makers.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Agricultural Systems},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Rajeswari S},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Research, Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, Disciplines},\n\tpages = {185--211},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper locates impact assessment research within the disciplinary constructs of agricultural economics, the institutions (rules of the game) and organizations (structures governed by these rules/norms) of agricultural innovation. The paper analyses the disciplinary limitations in impact assessment research. In the hard science culture of agricultural research the social sciences, closer to the reality of complex technological contexts, are less prestigious. Agricultural economics, the disciplinary root of impact assessment, imposes a major constraint by making institutional contexts and variations intractable and analysed at best as disturbances. Sophisticated econometric methodologies substitute for information on institutions, systems components and relationships. The paper presents an analytical framework to distinguish between the institutional and organizational variables in the agricultural innovation system. The case study of institutional and organizational change in Indian agricultural research and extension is used to demonstrate the role of institutions in determining the impact of agricultural science and technology. Impact assessment research is institutionally conditioned to look for end point consequences of research, such as yield increase, cost reduction, or farm income. This body of knowledge ignores crucial requirements such as the institutional framework (hierarchy for instance) and actors that facilitate these end point impacts. Mainstream impact assessment literature is not concerned about the important relationships among these institutions and actors, or about the impact of knowledge on these institutions and organizations. In the quest for end point consequences, estimated often as rates of return to investment, impact assessment has overlooked important requirements and relationships within agricultural innovation systems. An analysis of institutional learning using the key elements of an evaluation culture as proposed by program evaluators is used to demonstrate the need for impact assessment to engage with institutional questions and build the capacity for institutional learning. There is a felt need to move from impact assessment to a larger evaluation culture. Agricultural research evaluation has much to learn from regular program evaluation. This calls for more social science research besides neoclassical agricultural economics, and active interaction among the natural and social scientists, extensionists, farming communities, policy makers and other actors. Effective evaluation in general and impact assessment in particular depends on the institutional learning capacity of the actors, especially scientists and policy makers.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Perspectives on Mathematics (Introduction to the Special Issue/ Review of Science Studies).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ssarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 38(35): 3648–3649. August 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{ssarukkai_perspectives_2003,\n\tseries = {Review of {Science} {Studies}},\n\ttitle = {Perspectives on {Mathematics} ({Introduction} to the {Special} {Issue}/ {Review} of {Science} {Studies})},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/i400439},\n\tabstract = {This collection of seven papers is an indication of the kinds of issues involved in understanding mathematics in a broader perspective. What we hope to achieve is to generate insights into understanding one of the most creative languages humans have created and instil a more balanced response to mathematics as a language, culture and a living presence amidst all of us.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {35},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Ssarukkai, Sundar},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {Language, Mathematics, Philosophy of Mathematics},\n\tpages = {3648--3649},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n This collection of seven papers is an indication of the kinds of issues involved in understanding mathematics in a broader perspective. What we hope to achieve is to generate insights into understanding one of the most creative languages humans have created and instil a more balanced response to mathematics as a language, culture and a living presence amidst all of us.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Applying Mathematics: The Paradoxical Relation between Mathematics, Language and Reality.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ssarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 38(35): 3662–3670. August 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{ssarukkai_applying_2003,\n\ttitle = {Applying {Mathematics}: {The} {Paradoxical} {Relation} between {Mathematics}, {Language} and {Reality}},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4413963?searchText=sundar%20sarukkai&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dsundar%2Bsarukkai%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A65cb3f718ef983f7287aad5be99ae62a},\n\tabstract = {What does it mean to apply mathematics? Why is mathematics considered as essential to natural sciences? Why do scientists consider the applicability of mathematics as something mysterious? The applicability of mathematics is mysterious and unexplainable only if we subscribe to a particular view of mathematics, namely, mathematics as a logical, axiomatic and formal system, which deals only with a platonic world and not our real one. In contrast, there are enough reasons to believe that mathematics is a fertile lived-language, sharing many characteristics with other verbal languages. Thus, to understand the applicability of mathematics, we need to first understand the applicability of languages, for example, the 'applicability' of English. The paper discusses some common characteristics in applying English and mathematics and offers a particular model to explain why mathematics seems to be so effectively applicable in science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {35},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Ssarukkai, Sundar},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {Language, Mathematics, Philosophy of Mathematics},\n\tpages = {3662--3670},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n What does it mean to apply mathematics? Why is mathematics considered as essential to natural sciences? Why do scientists consider the applicability of mathematics as something mysterious? The applicability of mathematics is mysterious and unexplainable only if we subscribe to a particular view of mathematics, namely, mathematics as a logical, axiomatic and formal system, which deals only with a platonic world and not our real one. In contrast, there are enough reasons to believe that mathematics is a fertile lived-language, sharing many characteristics with other verbal languages. Thus, to understand the applicability of mathematics, we need to first understand the applicability of languages, for example, the 'applicability' of English. The paper discusses some common characteristics in applying English and mathematics and offers a particular model to explain why mathematics seems to be so effectively applicable in science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Learning to Innovate vs. Learning to Manufacture: Towards an Alternative Technology Strategy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 31(9-10): 18–35. October 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyabji_learning_2003,\n\ttitle = {Learning to {Innovate} vs. {Learning} to {Manufacture}: {Towards} an {Alternative} {Technology} {Strategy}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9-10},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {India, Innovation Ecosystem, Innovation Studies, Manufacturing, Post-Independence India},\n\tpages = {18--35},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mathematical Idea and Cinematic Image.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sanil, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 38(35): 3657–3661. August 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sanil_mathematical_2003,\n\ttitle = {Mathematical {Idea} and {Cinematic} {Image}},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tabstract = {The objective of this paper is to identify two important hurdles in the path of establishing links between art and mathematics. These problems arise from the difficult relationship art and mathematics have with technology and the discourse of social sciences. Hence we take cinema, the art form of the age of technology, as the focus of our enquiry. By rethinking the relationship cinema and mathematics have with digital technology, we can begin to offer a meeting point for both art and mathematics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {35},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Sanil, V.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {Art and Science, Cinema, Digital Culture, Digital STS, Philosophy of Technology, Sci-Art},\n\tpages = {3657--3661},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The objective of this paper is to identify two important hurdles in the path of establishing links between art and mathematics. These problems arise from the difficult relationship art and mathematics have with technology and the discourse of social sciences. Hence we take cinema, the art form of the age of technology, as the focus of our enquiry. By rethinking the relationship cinema and mathematics have with digital technology, we can begin to offer a meeting point for both art and mathematics.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Yellapragada Subbarow, A Life in Quest of Panacea: An Album in Words and Pictures.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Narasimham, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2003.\n Google-Books-ID: yQzLAQAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{narasimham_yellapragada_2003,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Yellapragada {Subbarow}, {A} {Life} in {Quest} of {Panacea}: {An} {Album} in {Words} and {Pictures}},\n\tisbn = {9788174800930},\n\tshorttitle = {Yellapragada {SubbaRow}, a {Life} in {Quest} of {Panacea}},\n\tabstract = {This is an album in words and pictures which tell the story of an Indian born biochemist turned wizard of wonder drugs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Narasimham, Raji},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: yQzLAQAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biochemistry, Biography, Scientist},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This is an album in words and pictures which tell the story of an Indian born biochemist turned wizard of wonder drugs.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Leprosy and the Elusive M. leprae: Colonial and Imperial Medical Exchanges in the Nineteenth Century.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Robertson, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos, 10: 13–40. 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{robertson_leprosy_2003,\n\ttitle = {Leprosy and the {Elusive} {M}. leprae: {Colonial} and {Imperial} {Medical} {Exchanges} in the {Nineteenth} {Century}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tshorttitle = {Leprosy and the elusive {M}. leprae},\n\turl = {https://www.scielo.br/j/hcsm/a/JNmwx36V6yttttrxvsGwkNz/?lang=en},\n\tabstract = {In the 1800s, humoral understandings of leprosy successively give way to disease models based on morbid anatomy, physiopathology, and bacteriology. Linkages between these disease models were reinforced by the ubiquitous seed/soil metaphor deployed both before and after the identification of M. leprae. While this metaphor provided a continuous link between medical descriptions, Henry Vandyke Carter's On leprosy (1874) marks a convergence of different models of disease. Simultaneously, this metaphor can be traced in popular and medical debates in the late nineteenth century, accompanying fears of a resurgence of leprosy in Europe. Later the mapping of the genome ushers in a new model of disease but, ironically, while leprosy research draws its logic from a view of the world in which a seed and soil metaphor expresses many different aspects of the activity of the disease, the bacillus itself continues to be unreceptive to cultivation.},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos},\n\tauthor = {Robertson, Jo},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {History of Medicine, India, Leprosy},\n\tpages = {13--40},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the 1800s, humoral understandings of leprosy successively give way to disease models based on morbid anatomy, physiopathology, and bacteriology. Linkages between these disease models were reinforced by the ubiquitous seed/soil metaphor deployed both before and after the identification of M. leprae. While this metaphor provided a continuous link between medical descriptions, Henry Vandyke Carter's On leprosy (1874) marks a convergence of different models of disease. Simultaneously, this metaphor can be traced in popular and medical debates in the late nineteenth century, accompanying fears of a resurgence of leprosy in Europe. Later the mapping of the genome ushers in a new model of disease but, ironically, while leprosy research draws its logic from a view of the world in which a seed and soil metaphor expresses many different aspects of the activity of the disease, the bacillus itself continues to be unreceptive to cultivation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Institutions and Organisations Enabling Reforms in Indian Agricultural Research and Policy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, R. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 2(2): 97–116. October 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_institutions_2003,\n\ttitle = {Institutions and {Organisations} {Enabling} {Reforms} in {Indian} {Agricultural} {Research} and {Policy}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {1474-2748, 2040-0551},\n\turl = {https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/ijtm.2.2.97/0},\n\tdoi = {10.1386/ijtm.2.2.97/0},\n\tabstract = {There is a pressing demand for institutional reform in Indian agricultural research and policy. This paper argues that a conceptual and analytical distinction between institutions and organisations is essential to determine the purpose and consistency of reforms. Institutional change \n involves transformation of the rules/norms that govern agricultural policy, research and extension organisations. This distinction is necessary for agricultural research to engage in institutional learning and identify the critical constraints on the process of agricultural innovation and \n development. Examples from the history of agricultural research and extension in India reveal a legacy of institutional problems in the national agricultural research and extension organisations. These organisations have been unable to involve stakeholder participation, promote partnerships \n and generate institutional learning capabilities. Agricultural policy must enable an introspection of the institutions of agricultural research. This is important to enhance the capability of agricultural innovation systems to build effective partnerships, learn from and respond to complex \n technological and social contexts, and evolve as a dynamic overarching framework for sustainable development.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Technology Management \\& Sustainable Development},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Rajeswari S.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Research, Agriculture, India, Innovation studies, Institutions},\n\tpages = {97--116},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n There is a pressing demand for institutional reform in Indian agricultural research and policy. This paper argues that a conceptual and analytical distinction between institutions and organisations is essential to determine the purpose and consistency of reforms. Institutional change involves transformation of the rules/norms that govern agricultural policy, research and extension organisations. This distinction is necessary for agricultural research to engage in institutional learning and identify the critical constraints on the process of agricultural innovation and development. Examples from the history of agricultural research and extension in India reveal a legacy of institutional problems in the national agricultural research and extension organisations. These organisations have been unable to involve stakeholder participation, promote partnerships and generate institutional learning capabilities. Agricultural policy must enable an introspection of the institutions of agricultural research. This is important to enhance the capability of agricultural innovation systems to build effective partnerships, learn from and respond to complex technological and social contexts, and evolve as a dynamic overarching framework for sustainable development.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cultural Encounters and the Orient: A Study in the Politics of Knowledge.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Visvanathan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Diogenes, 50(4): 69–81. November 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{visvanathan_cultural_2003,\n\ttitle = {Cultural {Encounters} and the {Orient}: {A} {Study} in the {Politics} of {Knowledge}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0392-1921, 1467-7695},\n\tshorttitle = {Cultural {Encounters} and the {Orient}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/diogenes/article/abs/cultural-encounters-and-the-orient-a-study-in-the-politics-of-knowledge/FEAA8EE9C111CCF9F19A2DF8CE9A4DFA},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/03921921030504009},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Diogenes},\n\tauthor = {Visvanathan, Shiv},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {Decolonization, Intellectual History, Politics of Knowledge, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {69--81},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Southern Critique of the Globalist Assumptions about Technology Transfer in Climate Change Treaty Negotiations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kulkarni, J. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 23(4): 256–264. August 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kulkarni_southern_2003,\n\ttitle = {A {Southern} {Critique} of the {Globalist} {Assumptions} about {Technology} {Transfer} in {Climate} {Change} {Treaty} {Negotiations}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0270-4676, 1552-4183},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0270467603256088},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0270467603256088},\n\tabstract = {This article critically evaluates the process of technology transfer from developed to developing countries. It considers market-based policies contained in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which are proposed as tools to promote the transfer of technologies that can abate greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change. It uses the case of India to exemplify the conditions that exist and issues that arise in a rapidly developing country that is a recipient of such investments. It contests the claim that such market-based strategies embodied in the present climate policy framework can facilitate the transfer of technologies that offer ecologically sustainable and socially equitable solutions for developing countries.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Kulkarni, Jyoti S.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {Developing Countries, Global South, Transfer of Technology, United Nations Organisation},\n\tpages = {256--264},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article critically evaluates the process of technology transfer from developed to developing countries. It considers market-based policies contained in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which are proposed as tools to promote the transfer of technologies that can abate greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change. It uses the case of India to exemplify the conditions that exist and issues that arise in a rapidly developing country that is a recipient of such investments. It contests the claim that such market-based strategies embodied in the present climate policy framework can facilitate the transfer of technologies that offer ecologically sustainable and socially equitable solutions for developing countries.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Preparing for the Pox: A Theory of Smallpox in Bengal and Britain.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Naraindas, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Journal of Social Science, 31(2): 304–339. January 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{naraindas_preparing_2003,\n\ttitle = {Preparing for the {Pox}: {A} {Theory} of {Smallpox} in {Bengal} and {Britain}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {1568-5314, 1568-4849},\n\tshorttitle = {Preparing for the {Pox}},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/view/journals/ajss/31/2/article-p304_9.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1163/156853103322318252},\n\tabstract = {This essay is to be conceived in two parts. The first part is an exegesis of an eighteenth-century tract on the practice of smallpox inoculation in Bengal written by a Scottish medic. Cited repeatedly in the contemporary history and anthropology of smallpox in India, it has been invariably used to highlight the technique of inoculation in eighteenth-century India. Caught in disciplinary cleaving between anthropology and history, its original import has not been addressed. The exegesis in restoring the text to its intended import, argues that it offers a theory of smallpox, and in this theory the technique of inoculation is a moment in larger therapeutics. The latter-day privileging of this moment has resulted in seeing the nineteenth-century as a standoff between variolation (smallpox inoculation) and vaccination. The exegesis, however, recasts this as a passage from a therapeutics to a pure prophylactics that caccination represents. Having restored what I think is the central concern of the essay, I then begin to ask whether the essay is actually about the manner of inoculating for the smallpox in Bengal as Holwell says it is or is it actually about its practice in Britain. It is this very restoration, when we locate the essay in 18th century Britain, that allows us, in the latter part of the essay, to to see that not only is the theoretical articulation "induced" by his audience, but also every detail of the description of the practice , which has hitherto been seen as a description determined by his experience in India, is equally induced and determined by his location in Britain . While this could lead me to argue that Holwell's essay has nothing to do with India, I suggest that what the text effects, if not represents, is a kind of translation : one that is both possible and enabled by the fact that the kind of medical theory and practice that underlies disease and its cure is similar - not identical - in India and Britain.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tjournal = {Asian Journal of Social Science},\n\tauthor = {Naraindas, Harish},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Disease, Colonial Medicine, Colonialism, India, Smallpox, Social History of Medicine, Vaccination},\n\tpages = {304--339},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This essay is to be conceived in two parts. The first part is an exegesis of an eighteenth-century tract on the practice of smallpox inoculation in Bengal written by a Scottish medic. Cited repeatedly in the contemporary history and anthropology of smallpox in India, it has been invariably used to highlight the technique of inoculation in eighteenth-century India. Caught in disciplinary cleaving between anthropology and history, its original import has not been addressed. The exegesis in restoring the text to its intended import, argues that it offers a theory of smallpox, and in this theory the technique of inoculation is a moment in larger therapeutics. The latter-day privileging of this moment has resulted in seeing the nineteenth-century as a standoff between variolation (smallpox inoculation) and vaccination. The exegesis, however, recasts this as a passage from a therapeutics to a pure prophylactics that caccination represents. Having restored what I think is the central concern of the essay, I then begin to ask whether the essay is actually about the manner of inoculating for the smallpox in Bengal as Holwell says it is or is it actually about its practice in Britain. It is this very restoration, when we locate the essay in 18th century Britain, that allows us, in the latter part of the essay, to to see that not only is the theoretical articulation \"induced\" by his audience, but also every detail of the description of the practice , which has hitherto been seen as a description determined by his experience in India, is equally induced and determined by his location in Britain . While this could lead me to argue that Holwell's essay has nothing to do with India, I suggest that what the text effects, if not represents, is a kind of translation : one that is both possible and enabled by the fact that the kind of medical theory and practice that underlies disease and its cure is similar - not identical - in India and Britain.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Postmodernism and Religious Fundamentalism: A Scientific Rebuttal to Hindu Science : an Essay, a Review and an Interview.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Navayana, Chennai, 2003.\n Google-Books-ID: JtvWAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{nanda_postmodernism_2003,\n\taddress = {Chennai},\n\ttitle = {Postmodernism and {Religious} {Fundamentalism}: {A} {Scientific} {Rebuttal} to {Hindu} {Science} : an {Essay}, a {Review} and an {Interview}},\n\tisbn = {9788189059026},\n\tshorttitle = {Postmodernism and {Religious} {Fundamentalism}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Postmodernism_and_Religious_Fundamentali/JtvWAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Meera%20Nanda%22},\n\tabstract = {(Not Avaialable)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Navayana},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: JtvWAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemology, India, Religion \\& Science, Religious Nationalism, Secularism, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not Avaialable)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Prophets Facing Backward: Postmodern Critiques of Science and Hindu Nationalism in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Rutgers University Press, 2003.\n Google-Books-ID: UyoqbCobZOMC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{nanda_prophets_2003,\n\ttitle = {Prophets {Facing} {Backward}: {Postmodern} {Critiques} of {Science} and {Hindu} {Nationalism} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780813533582},\n\tshorttitle = {Prophets {Facing} {Backward}},\n\tabstract = {The leading voices in science studies have argued that modern science reflects dominant social interests of Western society. Following this logic, postmodern scholars have urged postcolonial societies to develop their own "alternative sciences" as a step towards "mental decolonization". These ideas have found a warm welcome among Hindu nationalists who came to power in India in the early 1990s. In this passionate and highly original study, Indian-born author Meera Nanda reveals how these well-meaning but ultimately misguided ideas are enabling Hindu ideologues to propagate religious myths in the guise of science and secularism. At the heart of Hindu supremacist ideology, Nanda argues, lies a postmodernist assumption: that each society has its own norms of reasonableness, logic, rules of evidence, and conception of truth, and that there is no non-arbitrary, culture-independent way to choose among these alternatives. What is being celebrated as "difference" by postmodernists, however, has more often than not been the source of mental bondage and authoritarianism in non-Western cultures. The "Vedic sciences" currently endorsed in Indian schools, colleges, and the mass media promotes the same elements of orthodox Hinduism that have for centuries deprived the vast majority of Indian people of their full humanity. By denouncing science and secularization, the left was unwittingly contributing to what Nanda calls "reactionary modernism." In contrast, Nanda points to the Dalit, or untouchable, movement as a true example of an "alternative science" that has embraced reason and modern science to challenge traditional notions of hierarchy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Rutgers University Press},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: UyoqbCobZOMC},\n\tkeywords = {Ambedkar, Dr. B.R., Caste, Dalit, Epistemology, Gandhi \\& Science, India, Marxism \\& Science, Political campaigns, Religion \\& Science, Religious Nationalism, Science \\& Culture, Secularism},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The leading voices in science studies have argued that modern science reflects dominant social interests of Western society. Following this logic, postmodern scholars have urged postcolonial societies to develop their own \"alternative sciences\" as a step towards \"mental decolonization\". These ideas have found a warm welcome among Hindu nationalists who came to power in India in the early 1990s. In this passionate and highly original study, Indian-born author Meera Nanda reveals how these well-meaning but ultimately misguided ideas are enabling Hindu ideologues to propagate religious myths in the guise of science and secularism. At the heart of Hindu supremacist ideology, Nanda argues, lies a postmodernist assumption: that each society has its own norms of reasonableness, logic, rules of evidence, and conception of truth, and that there is no non-arbitrary, culture-independent way to choose among these alternatives. What is being celebrated as \"difference\" by postmodernists, however, has more often than not been the source of mental bondage and authoritarianism in non-Western cultures. The \"Vedic sciences\" currently endorsed in Indian schools, colleges, and the mass media promotes the same elements of orthodox Hinduism that have for centuries deprived the vast majority of Indian people of their full humanity. By denouncing science and secularization, the left was unwittingly contributing to what Nanda calls \"reactionary modernism.\" In contrast, Nanda points to the Dalit, or untouchable, movement as a true example of an \"alternative science\" that has embraced reason and modern science to challenge traditional notions of hierarchy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Health by the People: Sociology of Medical Lore.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sujatha, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Rawat Publications, 2003.\n Google-Books-ID: 8mstAAAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sujatha_health_2003,\n\ttitle = {Health by the {People}: {Sociology} of {Medical} {Lore}},\n\tisbn = {9788170337942},\n\tshorttitle = {Health by the {People}},\n\tabstract = {Folk medical knowledge is a well-explored topic in the anthropology of India; in this book, however, it has not been viewed as an appendage to folk religion, or as the exotic system of one village, nor as a diluted version of the ancient medical classics as in the 'folk-classical' dichotomy. The dialectics of the autonomy and interdependence of medical lore in the network of indigenous medical knowledges is the crux of the book. Based on field data from Tamil Nadu, this book describes the village folk's medical conceptions and health practices, and finds that they are coherent and live, and make health 'by' the people operational under lived conditions. Medical lore, as this folk knowledge is referred to in the book, includes both knowledge and practices and the dynamic relation between the two is central to its understanding. The focus then shifts to the organisational and distributional aspects and the social system that it inhabits and operates through. The network and the transmission of medical knowledge effected through it is the subject of the latter part of the book.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Rawat Publications},\n\tauthor = {Sujatha, V.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 8mstAAAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Folk Medicine, India, Tamil Nadu, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Folk medical knowledge is a well-explored topic in the anthropology of India; in this book, however, it has not been viewed as an appendage to folk religion, or as the exotic system of one village, nor as a diluted version of the ancient medical classics as in the 'folk-classical' dichotomy. The dialectics of the autonomy and interdependence of medical lore in the network of indigenous medical knowledges is the crux of the book. Based on field data from Tamil Nadu, this book describes the village folk's medical conceptions and health practices, and finds that they are coherent and live, and make health 'by' the people operational under lived conditions. Medical lore, as this folk knowledge is referred to in the book, includes both knowledge and practices and the dynamic relation between the two is central to its understanding. The focus then shifts to the organisational and distributional aspects and the social system that it inhabits and operates through. The network and the transmission of medical knowledge effected through it is the subject of the latter part of the book.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Saga of Indian Science Since Independence: In a Nutshell.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhargava, P. M.; and Chakrabarti, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Universities Press, Hyderabad, 2003.\n Google-Books-ID: g7crHmSeI5kC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bhargava_saga_2003,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {The {Saga} of {Indian} {Science} {Since} {Independence}: {In} a {Nutshell}},\n\tisbn = {9788173714351},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Saga} of {Indian} {Science} {Since} {Independence}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Saga_of_Indian_Science_Since_Indepen/g7crHmSeI5kC?hl=en&gbpv=1},\n\tabstract = {This Book provides a general, popular account of Science and Technology In Independent India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Universities Press},\n\tauthor = {Bhargava, Pushpa M. and Chakrabarti, Chandana},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: g7crHmSeI5kC},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This Book provides a general, popular account of Science and Technology In Independent India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Civilising Natures: Race, Resources and Modernity in Colonial South India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Philip, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient BlackSwan, 2003.\n Google-Books-ID: CevmNs63nM0C\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{philip_civilising_2003,\n\ttitle = {Civilising {Natures}: {Race}, {Resources} and {Modernity} in {Colonial} {South} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788125025863},\n\tshorttitle = {Civilising {Natures}},\n\tabstract = {Science, both as a scholarly discipline and as a concept in the popular imagination, was critical to building hegemony in the British Empire. It also inspired alternative ideas of progress by elites and the disenfranchised: these competing spectres continue to haunt postcolonial modernities. Why and how has science so powerfully shaped both the common sense of individuals and the development of postcolonial states? Philip suggests that our ideas of race and resources are key. Civilising Natures tells us how race and nature are fundamental to understanding colonial modernities, and along the way, it complicates our understandings of the relationships between science and religion, pre-modern and civilised, environment and society.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient BlackSwan},\n\tauthor = {Philip, Kavita},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: CevmNs63nM0C},\n\tkeywords = {Botany, Colonial Science, Forestry, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science, both as a scholarly discipline and as a concept in the popular imagination, was critical to building hegemony in the British Empire. It also inspired alternative ideas of progress by elites and the disenfranchised: these competing spectres continue to haunt postcolonial modernities. Why and how has science so powerfully shaped both the common sense of individuals and the development of postcolonial states? Philip suggests that our ideas of race and resources are key. Civilising Natures tells us how race and nature are fundamental to understanding colonial modernities, and along the way, it complicates our understandings of the relationships between science and religion, pre-modern and civilised, environment and society.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 2002\n \n \n (19)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Priorities in Science and Technology for Development: Need for Major Restructuring.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parthasarathi, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 82(10): 1211–1219. May 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{parthasarathi_priorities_2002,\n\ttitle = {Priorities in {Science} and {Technology} for {Development}: {Need} for {Major} {Restructuring}},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Parthasarathi, Ashok},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Developing Countries, Development, Planning, Post-Independence India, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Technological Choices},\n\tpages = {1211--1219},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tackling the Brain Drain from India's Information and Communication Technology Sector: The Need for a New Industrial, and Science and Technology Strategy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parthasarathi, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science and Public Policy, 29(2): 129–136. April 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{parthasarathi_tackling_2002,\n\ttitle = {Tackling the {Brain} {Drain} from {India}'s {Information} and {Communication} {Technology} {Sector}: {The} {Need} for a {New} {Industrial}, and {Science} and {Technology} {Strategy}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {03023427, 14715430},\n\tshorttitle = {Tackling the brain drain from {India}'s information and communication technology sector},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/spp/article-lookup/doi/10.3152/147154302781781038},\n\tdoi = {10.3152/147154302781781038},\n\tabstract = {There has been explosive growth of software and services in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry in India over the last five to seven years, though overwhelmingly as an export industry, with the USA the dominant market. This has led both to a substantial ‘brain drain’ of high-level ICT personnel and neglect of the many ICT applications in the domestic market. The recent severe downturn in the US economy has led to a reversal of the brain drain but in catastrophic and unplanned ways. One solution for India's ICT industry is for both government policy and company strategies to address the numerous domestic applications and to use these domestic-oriented ICT systems as a launch pad for a very different kind of export drive.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Science and Public Policy},\n\tauthor = {Parthasarathi, Ashok},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Industry, Information \\& Communication Technology, Post-Independence India, S\\&T Policy},\n\tpages = {129--136},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n There has been explosive growth of software and services in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry in India over the last five to seven years, though overwhelmingly as an export industry, with the USA the dominant market. This has led both to a substantial ‘brain drain’ of high-level ICT personnel and neglect of the many ICT applications in the domestic market. The recent severe downturn in the US economy has led to a reversal of the brain drain but in catastrophic and unplanned ways. One solution for India's ICT industry is for both government policy and company strategies to address the numerous domestic applications and to use these domestic-oriented ICT systems as a launch pad for a very different kind of export drive.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Journey through the Medical Literature of 19th Century India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vasantha, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Buican, D.; and Thieffry, D., editor(s), Biological and Medical Sciences: Proceedings of the XXth International Congress of History of Science (Liège, 20-26 July 1997) Vol. XI, volume 54, pages 179–192. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, Belgium, January 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{buican_journey_2002,\n\taddress = {Turnhout, Belgium},\n\ttitle = {A {Journey} through the {Medical} {Literature} of 19th {Century} {India}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tisbn = {9782503513614 9782503573526},\n\turl = {https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/10.1484/M.DDA-EB.4.00676},\n\tabstract = {"The paper attempts to present a broad history of Western medicine in 19th century India thorugh the writings and works of medical men-bith European and Indian-of that century."\n[From the prologue]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tbooktitle = {Biological and {Medical} {Sciences}: {Proceedings} of the {XXth} {International} {Congress} of {History} of {Science} ({Liège}, 20-26 {July} 1997) {Vol}. {XI}},\n\tpublisher = {Brepols Publishers},\n\tauthor = {Vasantha, Arsampalai},\n\teditor = {Buican, D. and Thieffry, D.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tdoi = {10.1484/M.DDA-EB.4.00676},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, British India, Colonialism, Social History of Medicine},\n\tpages = {179--192},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"The paper attempts to present a broad history of Western medicine in 19th century India thorugh the writings and works of medical men-bith European and Indian-of that century.\" [From the prologue]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Biographical dictionary of Indian scientists : from ancient to contemporary.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyay, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Rupa & Co., New Delhi, 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chattopadhyay_biographical_2002,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Biographical dictionary of {Indian} scientists : from ancient to contemporary},\n\tisbn = {9788171676699},\n\tshorttitle = {Biographical dictionary of {Indian} scientists},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000chat},\n\tabstract = {The Biographical Dictionary of Indian scientists aims to record all possible facts about achievements of the ancient to the contemporary scientists of India. It unravels the history of Indian science through brief biographical notes on scientists. Remarkable scientific achievement of hundreds of human minds have been gathered herein quite comprehensively.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tpublisher = {Rupa \\& Co.},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyay, Anjana},\n\tcollaborator = {{Internet Archive}},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Biography, India, Medieval India, Scientific Community},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Biographical Dictionary of Indian scientists aims to record all possible facts about achievements of the ancient to the contemporary scientists of India. It unravels the history of Indian science through brief biographical notes on scientists. Remarkable scientific achievement of hundreds of human minds have been gathered herein quite comprehensively.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science in Indian Media: A Blueprint for the New Millennium.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Salwi, D. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2002.\n Google-Books-ID: 5BBRAAAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{salwi_science_2002,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science in {Indian} {Media}: {A} {Blueprint} for the {New} {Millennium}},\n\tisbn = {9788174800862},\n\tshorttitle = {Science in {Indian} {Media}},\n\tabstract = {Presents an overview of the present status and future potential of science communication in the country.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Salwi, Dilip M.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 5BBRAAAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Deficit Model, Media and Communication, Media and science, Science Communication, Science Popularisation},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Presents an overview of the present status and future potential of science communication in the country.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indigenous Knowledge and the Politics of Classification.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Agrawal, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Social Science Journal, 54(173): 287–297. September 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{agrawal_indigenous_2002,\n\ttitle = {Indigenous {Knowledge} and the {Politics} of {Classification}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tcopyright = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions\\#vor},\n\tissn = {0020-8701, 1468-2451},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2451.00382},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/1468-2451.00382},\n\tabstract = {"This paper focuses on a specific advocacy strategy on behalf of indigenous knowledge: creation of databases." (From the introduction of the paper)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {173},\n\turldate = {2025-05-08},\n\tjournal = {International Social Science Journal},\n\tauthor = {Agrawal, Arun},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Data Politics, Digital STS, Digitalisation, India, Indigenous Knowledge},\n\tpages = {287--297},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"This paper focuses on a specific advocacy strategy on behalf of indigenous knowledge: creation of databases.\" (From the introduction of the paper)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Power, Culture and Medicine: Ayurvedic Pharmaceuticals in the Modern Market.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Banerjee, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Contributions to Indian Sociology, 36(3): 435–467. October 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{banerjee_power_2002,\n\ttitle = {Power, {Culture} and {Medicine}: {Ayurvedic} {Pharmaceuticals} in the {Modern} {Market}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0069-9667, 0973-0648},\n\tshorttitle = {Power, culture and medicine},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/006996670203600301},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/006996670203600301},\n\tabstract = {This article seeks to understand the encounter between Ayurveda and the modern market through an analysis of decisions regarding the product profiling, positioning and packaging of Ayurvedic medicines by its leading manufacturer, Dabur. These seemingly mundane, economic decisions are seen here as expressions of a deep operation of power, mediated through culture. The analysis takes us beyond the simplified picture of the rise of modern biomedicine as the inevitable and onward march of rationality, or that of Ayurveda as the helpless victim of modernity. It argues that the multiple strategies adopted by the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical companies, in response to the changing conditions of the market, can be viewed in larger terms as its response to the changing nature of the field of power. This identifies the 'moment of confrontation', the 'moment of withdrawal' and the 'moment of diversion' as some of the strategic responses. While these strategies did succeed in creating and retaining a foothold for Ayurvedic medicines in the modern market, this success came at a heavy cost: Ayurvedic medicine had to be cast in the mould of modern medicine and disconnected from its relationship to the knowledge system. The analysis brings out some of the ironies and dilemmas of this encounter.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-06-05},\n\tjournal = {Contributions to Indian Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Banerjee, Madhulika},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, India, Indigenous Knowledge, Knowledge Systems},\n\tpages = {435--467},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article seeks to understand the encounter between Ayurveda and the modern market through an analysis of decisions regarding the product profiling, positioning and packaging of Ayurvedic medicines by its leading manufacturer, Dabur. These seemingly mundane, economic decisions are seen here as expressions of a deep operation of power, mediated through culture. The analysis takes us beyond the simplified picture of the rise of modern biomedicine as the inevitable and onward march of rationality, or that of Ayurveda as the helpless victim of modernity. It argues that the multiple strategies adopted by the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical companies, in response to the changing conditions of the market, can be viewed in larger terms as its response to the changing nature of the field of power. This identifies the 'moment of confrontation', the 'moment of withdrawal' and the 'moment of diversion' as some of the strategic responses. While these strategies did succeed in creating and retaining a foothold for Ayurvedic medicines in the modern market, this success came at a heavy cost: Ayurvedic medicine had to be cast in the mould of modern medicine and disconnected from its relationship to the knowledge system. The analysis brings out some of the ironies and dilemmas of this encounter.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Networks of Science and Technology in India: The Elite and the Subaltern Streams.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jain, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n AI & Society, 16(1): 4–20. May 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{jain_networks_2002,\n\ttitle = {Networks of {Science} and {Technology} in {India}: {The} {Elite} and the {Subaltern} {Streams}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1435-5655},\n\tshorttitle = {Networks of {Science} and {Technology} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00022694},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/PL00022694},\n\tabstract = {The paper investigates the structure and functioning of the science and technology (S\\&T) system in India as it has evolved in the post-independence period (1947 onwards). The networks of entities involved in S\\&T actions, the paper argues, can be categorised, in terms of adopted approaches to agenda and priority setting and accounting for actions, into two streams. The origins and expansion of the two streams are traced. One, the ‘Elite’ stream (high profile and visibility linked to big industry), adopting what the paper has generically termed the ‘Nehruvian’ model of development, is shown to have emerged as a dominant network. The other socially powerful ‘Subaltern’ stream (less visible, closer to ground realities and linked to village and cottage industry), adopting the ‘Gandhian’ model of development, still remains dispersed and outside the consideration of high-level decision-making bodies. The paper stresses the importance of moving the support and attention from the dominant stream to efforts that attempt a synthesis between the dominant and the subaltern.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tjournal = {AI \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Jain, Ashok},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi \\& Science, India, Nehru, Jawaharlal, Nehruvian Science, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science and Democracy, Science and Environment, Social History of Science, Social Movements},\n\tpages = {4--20},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The paper investigates the structure and functioning of the science and technology (S&T) system in India as it has evolved in the post-independence period (1947 onwards). The networks of entities involved in S&T actions, the paper argues, can be categorised, in terms of adopted approaches to agenda and priority setting and accounting for actions, into two streams. The origins and expansion of the two streams are traced. One, the ‘Elite’ stream (high profile and visibility linked to big industry), adopting what the paper has generically termed the ‘Nehruvian’ model of development, is shown to have emerged as a dominant network. The other socially powerful ‘Subaltern’ stream (less visible, closer to ground realities and linked to village and cottage industry), adopting the ‘Gandhian’ model of development, still remains dispersed and outside the consideration of high-level decision-making bodies. The paper stresses the importance of moving the support and attention from the dominant stream to efforts that attempt a synthesis between the dominant and the subaltern.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Perspectives: Restoring Conceptual Independence to Technology.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Purkayastha, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and political weekly, 37(1): 33–38. January 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{purkayastha_perspectives_2002,\n\tseries = {Economic and political weekly : a {Sameeksha} {Trust} publ. - {Mumbai}, {ISSN} 0012-9976, {ZDB}-{ID} 8626583. - {Vol}. 37.2002, 1, p. 33-38},\n\ttitle = {Perspectives: {Restoring} {Conceptual} {Independence} to {Technology}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0012-9976},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4411564},\n\tabstract = {Neither of the prevailing views of technology - as violently subjugating nature or as a derivative of science - quite describes the way technology is actually practised. A bird's-eye view of science and technology can only lead to a misunderstanding of the relation between the two. This essay looks at the relationship from the point of view of a practising technologist, taking as its starting point a better understanding of the design process and the design paradigm.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Economic and political weekly},\n\tauthor = {Purkayastha, Prabir},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Design, Technology, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {33--38},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Neither of the prevailing views of technology - as violently subjugating nature or as a derivative of science - quite describes the way technology is actually practised. A bird's-eye view of science and technology can only lead to a misunderstanding of the relation between the two. This essay looks at the relationship from the point of view of a practising technologist, taking as its starting point a better understanding of the design process and the design paradigm.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Plagiarism in Physics: Time for Introspection.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chadha, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 37(50). December 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chadha_plagiarism_2002,\n\ttitle = {Plagiarism in {Physics}: {Time} for {Introspection}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\turl = {https://www.epw.in/journal/2002/50/commentary/plagiarism-physicstime-introspection.html},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {50},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Chadha, Gita},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {India, Physics, Plagiarism, Scientific Paper, Scientific misconduct},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Future of Science Studies.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Visvanathan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Futures, 34: 91–101. 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{visvanathan_future_2002,\n\ttitle = {The {Future} of {Science} {Studies}},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tjournal = {Futures},\n\tauthor = {Visvanathan, Shiv},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpages = {91--101},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Western Medicine and Public Health in Colonial Bombay, 1845–1895.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramanna, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient Blackswan, Hyderabad, 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ramanna_western_2002,\n\taddress = {Hyderabad},\n\ttitle = {Western {Medicine} and {Public} {Health} in {Colonial} {Bombay}, 1845–1895},\n\tisbn = {9788125023029},\n\tshorttitle = {Western {Medicine} and {Public} {Health}},\n\turl = {https://www.orientblackswan.com/details?id=9788125023029},\n\tabstract = {The study examines the twin issues of Western medicine and public health in Bombay during the years 1845–1895. The work is the first to explore in detail the complex interrelationship between government, municipality and individual philanthropists over the issues of Western medicine and public health measures.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient Blackswan},\n\tauthor = {Ramanna, Mridula},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Bombay, Colonial Disease, Colonial History, Colonial India, Colonial Medicine, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Public health},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The study examines the twin issues of Western medicine and public health in Bombay during the years 1845–1895. The work is the first to explore in detail the complex interrelationship between government, municipality and individual philanthropists over the issues of Western medicine and public health measures.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Public Policy and Ayurveda: Modernising a Great Tradition.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Banerjee, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 37(12): 1136–1146. 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{banerjee_public_2002,\n\ttitle = {Public {Policy} and {Ayurveda}: {Modernising} a {Great} {Tradition}},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0012-9976},\n\tshorttitle = {Public {Policy} and {Ayurveda}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4411901},\n\tabstract = {The modernisation of Ayurveda has been the focus of both state and civil society organisations since colonial times. This paper argues that modernisation of Ayurveda undertaken by both the state and civil society has been governed by a 'pharmaceutic episteme' which focuses on retaining the usefulness of Ayurveda as a mere supplier of new medicines while dismissing its world view on the body, health and disease. This episteme continues to govern contemporary attempts to modernise the system, as is illustrated by the recently announced comprehensive policy on indigenous systems, the first of its kind since independence.},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2024-06-05},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Banerjee, Madhulika},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Civil Society, Medicine Manufacture, Modernization of Ayurveda, Siddha},\n\tpages = {1136--1146},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The modernisation of Ayurveda has been the focus of both state and civil society organisations since colonial times. This paper argues that modernisation of Ayurveda undertaken by both the state and civil society has been governed by a 'pharmaceutic episteme' which focuses on retaining the usefulness of Ayurveda as a mere supplier of new medicines while dismissing its world view on the body, health and disease. This episteme continues to govern contemporary attempts to modernise the system, as is illustrated by the recently announced comprehensive policy on indigenous systems, the first of its kind since independence.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Contemporary Science and Reigion in Dialogue: Challenges and Opportunities.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kozhamthadam, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ASSR Publications, Pune, 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{kozhamthadam_contemporary_2002,\n\taddress = {Pune},\n\ttitle = {Contemporary {Science} and {Reigion} in {Dialogue}: {Challenges} and {Opportunities}},\n\tisbn = {0-9709782-1-9},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tpublisher = {ASSR Publications},\n\tauthor = {Kozhamthadam, Job},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Science and Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Assessing Water Scarcity and Watershed Development in Maharashtra, India: A Case Study of the Baliraja Memorial Dam.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Phadke, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 27(2): 236–261. April 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{phadke_assessing_2002,\n\ttitle = {Assessing {Water} {Scarcity} and {Watershed} {Development} in {Maharashtra}, {India}: {A} {Case} {Study} of the {Baliraja} {Memorial} {Dam}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Assessing {Water} {Scarcity} and {Watershed} {Development} in {Maharashtra}, {India}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/016224390202700203},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/016224390202700203},\n\tabstract = {In the drought-prone regions of Maharashtra State, a growing social movement for equitable water distribution is engaging the help of engineers to build technical projects. This movement aims to challenge the state’s agroindustrial development model favoring water-intensive sugarcane farming by redistributing water. This article examines the Baliraja Memorial Dam, located in southwestern Maharashtra. Through the dam, 400 families in the villages of Balawadi and Tandulwadi will receive a share of water for irrigation and domestic needs. This article explores the Baliraja Dam as an appropriate technology project designed jointly by village farmers, engineers, and social activists. Through this unique alliance, Baliraja was designed to meet the needs of ecological restoration, community empowerment, and democratic technological design. The pioneering success of the Baliraja effort has prompted other communities to pressure the state irrigation bureaucracy to address the ecological and human costs of prolonged drought and water misuse.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Phadke, Roopali},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Agrarian Crisis, Maharashtra},\n\tpages = {236--261},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In the drought-prone regions of Maharashtra State, a growing social movement for equitable water distribution is engaging the help of engineers to build technical projects. This movement aims to challenge the state’s agroindustrial development model favoring water-intensive sugarcane farming by redistributing water. This article examines the Baliraja Memorial Dam, located in southwestern Maharashtra. Through the dam, 400 families in the villages of Balawadi and Tandulwadi will receive a share of water for irrigation and domestic needs. This article explores the Baliraja Dam as an appropriate technology project designed jointly by village farmers, engineers, and social activists. Through this unique alliance, Baliraja was designed to meet the needs of ecological restoration, community empowerment, and democratic technological design. The pioneering success of the Baliraja effort has prompted other communities to pressure the state irrigation bureaucracy to address the ecological and human costs of prolonged drought and water misuse.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Technological Fix: Sex Determination in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varma, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 22(1): 21–30. February 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{varma_technological_2002,\n\ttitle = {Technological {Fix}: {Sex} {Determination} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0270-4676, 1552-4183},\n\tshorttitle = {Technological {Fix}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0270467602022001003},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0270467602022001003},\n\tabstract = {Prenatal diagnostic technologies have been used for the purpose of detecting sex—leading to abortion of female fetuses—and have posed new challenges to the already difficult question of social justice for women in India. This article reports findings from a case study conducted with 25 women who had used prenatal diagnostic technologies for sex determination.Against the common belief that Indian society is “improving” because of 21st-century medical technology, this case study shows that the social context has given a patriarchal value to such advanced technology in India. Furthermore, it sheds light on why prenatal diagnostic technologies have taken a different route in India.It shows that reasons for accepting the use of prenatal diagnostic technologies for sex determination by women are diverse and complex.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-04-30},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Varma, Roli},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {India, Technological Determinism},\n\tpages = {21--30},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Prenatal diagnostic technologies have been used for the purpose of detecting sex—leading to abortion of female fetuses—and have posed new challenges to the already difficult question of social justice for women in India. This article reports findings from a case study conducted with 25 women who had used prenatal diagnostic technologies for sex determination.Against the common belief that Indian society is “improving” because of 21st-century medical technology, this case study shows that the social context has given a patriarchal value to such advanced technology in India. Furthermore, it sheds light on why prenatal diagnostic technologies have taken a different route in India.It shows that reasons for accepting the use of prenatal diagnostic technologies for sex determination by women are diverse and complex.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Public, Science, and Cultural Distance.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raza, G.; Singh, S.; and Dutt, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science Communication, 23(3): 293–309. March 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raza_public_2002,\n\ttitle = {Public, {Science}, and {Cultural} {Distance}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {1075-5470, 1552-8545},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/107554700202300305},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/107554700202300305},\n\tabstract = {This article attempts to define cultural distance and proposes a method to empirically measure it. Using the survey data on perceptions of common citizens, the authors measure this distance in this article by the number of years spent in formal schooling. Cultural distances based on people's explanations of various natural phenomena have been mapped to demonstrate efficacy of the proposed method. The authors argue that the determinants of the magnitude of the cultural distance are (1) the complexity involved in explaining a phenomenon, (2) its life cycle, (3) individual or a collective control that can be exercised to alter the life cycle, and (4) the intensity with which a phenomenon intervenes in the daily life of common citizens.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Science Communication},\n\tauthor = {Raza, Gauhar and Singh, Surjit and Dutt, Bharvi},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {India, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science Communication},\n\tpages = {293--309},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article attempts to define cultural distance and proposes a method to empirically measure it. Using the survey data on perceptions of common citizens, the authors measure this distance in this article by the number of years spent in formal schooling. Cultural distances based on people's explanations of various natural phenomena have been mapped to demonstrate efficacy of the proposed method. The authors argue that the determinants of the magnitude of the cultural distance are (1) the complexity involved in explaining a phenomenon, (2) its life cycle, (3) individual or a collective control that can be exercised to alter the life cycle, and (4) the intensity with which a phenomenon intervenes in the daily life of common citizens.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Climates & Constitutions: Health, Race, Environment, and British Imperialism in India, 1600-1850.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Harrison, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, Oxford and New Delhi, 2002.\n Google-Books-ID: 5tVsQgAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{harrison_climates_2002,\n\taddress = {Oxford and New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Climates \\& {Constitutions}: {Health}, {Race}, {Environment}, and {British} {Imperialism} in {India}, 1600-1850},\n\tisbn = {9780195661286},\n\tshorttitle = {Climates \\& {Constitutions}},\n\tabstract = {This is the first major study of European attitudes towards India's climate, and their bearing on imperial expansion. It shows how growing fears about racial degeneration led to the abandonment of plans for white colonization, considers European strategies for coping with Indian climate, and explains the emergence of modern concepts of race.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Harrison, Mark},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 5tVsQgAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History of Medicine, Medical Sociology, Tropical Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This is the first major study of European attitudes towards India's climate, and their bearing on imperial expansion. It shows how growing fears about racial degeneration led to the abandonment of plans for white colonization, considers European strategies for coping with Indian climate, and explains the emergence of modern concepts of race.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The European Modernity: Science, Truth, and Method.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Uberoi, J. P. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, 2002.\n Google-Books-ID: NrbaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{uberoi_european_2002,\n\ttitle = {The {European} {Modernity}: {Science}, {Truth}, and {Method}},\n\tisbn = {9780195655476},\n\tshorttitle = {The {European} {Modernity}},\n\tabstract = {This study examines the foundations of the European modernity in relation to the Hermetic tradition and its cosmological approach to life and knowledge. The symmetry of Dante, medicine of Paracelsus and science of Goethe form the background for this investigation of the modernist regime - its truth and method, pure and applied, its science of vivisection and technology of obsolescence. The leading hypothesis is that the self, the world and the other can have better relations in the future than they have had in the modern past from the new Eucharist to the bomb.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Uberoi, J. P. Singh},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: NrbaAAAAMAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This study examines the foundations of the European modernity in relation to the Hermetic tradition and its cosmological approach to life and knowledge. The symmetry of Dante, medicine of Paracelsus and science of Goethe form the background for this investigation of the modernist regime - its truth and method, pure and applied, its science of vivisection and technology of obsolescence. The leading hypothesis is that the self, the world and the other can have better relations in the future than they have had in the modern past from the new Eucharist to the bomb.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A 'Broken People' Defend Science: Reconstructing the Deweyan Buddha of India's Dalits.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Epistemology, 15(4): 335–365. October 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{nanda_broken_2001,\n\ttitle = {A '{Broken} {People}' {Defend} {Science}: {Reconstructing} the {Deweyan} {Buddha} of {India}'s {Dalits}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {0269-1728, 1464-5297},\n\tshorttitle = {A '{Broken} {People}' defend science},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02691720110093342},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/02691720110093342},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tjournal = {Social Epistemology},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {Ambedkar, Dr. B.R., Caste, Dalit, Epistemology, India, Postmodernism, Rationalism, Social History of Science, Social Movements},\n\tpages = {335--365},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Uses of Scientific Argument: The Case of ‘Development’ in India, c 1930-1950.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zachariah, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 36(39): 3689–3702. September 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{zachariah_uses_2001,\n\ttitle = {Uses of {Scientific} {Argument}: {The} {Case} of ‘{Development}’ in\nIndia, c 1930-1950},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4411165},\n\tabstract = {This essay seeks to carry out an apparently simple task: to recover some of the ways in which 'science' was used as a category by nationalists in late colonial India in connection with the need for 'development'. In so doing, the essay also looks at ways in which 'science' became part of a legitimating rhetoric in late colonial India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {39},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Zachariah, Benjamin},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {Development, India, Intellectual History, Nation State, Nationalism, Post Colonial Science, Post-Independence India},\n\tpages = {3689--3702},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This essay seeks to carry out an apparently simple task: to recover some of the ways in which 'science' was used as a category by nationalists in late colonial India in connection with the need for 'development'. In so doing, the essay also looks at ways in which 'science' became part of a legitimating rhetoric in late colonial India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n People's Science Movements and Science Wars?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Varma, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 36(52): 4796–4802. December 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{varma_peoples_2001,\n\ttitle = {People's {Science} {Movements} and {Science} {Wars}?},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\turl = {https://www.unm.edu/~varma/print/EPW_Science%20Movements.pdf},\n\tabstract = {People's science movements in India have been viewed in terms of two opposite cultures: taking the scientist's science and technology to the people and opposing the scientist's science and technology for the people. This article provides a critique of science epistemologies behind those two cultures that has led to the so-called science wars among scholars. The article shows up the myth of science wars in India by identifying a common platform for both sides.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {52},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Varma, Roli},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Epistemology, Gandhi \\& Science, Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Postmodernism, Radical Science Movements, Science War, Social History of Science, Social Movements, Sokal's Hoax},\n\tpages = {4796--4802},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n People's science movements in India have been viewed in terms of two opposite cultures: taking the scientist's science and technology to the people and opposing the scientist's science and technology for the people. This article provides a critique of science epistemologies behind those two cultures that has led to the so-called science wars among scholars. The article shows up the myth of science wars in India by identifying a common platform for both sides.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Towards an Understanding of Gandhi's Views on Science.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, S. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 36(39): 3721–3732. September 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_towards_2001,\n\tseries = {Review of {Science} {Studies}},\n\ttitle = {Towards an {Understanding} of {Gandhi}'s {Views} on {Science}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tabstract = {"A reading of the rather extensive literature on Gandhi reveals that his views on science rarely find mention, almost to the point of exclusion. Based on his critique of modern civilisation and the sheer lack of material on his views on science, Gandhi has been labelled as anti-science. This has not been addressed adequately either by his followers or by social analysts of Gandhi’s\nphilosophy and practice. In this paper focusing on his Collected Works (1888-1948) we seek to address this lacuna by presenting a detailed contextual collation and analysis of his views on science over the years. We look at the responses of scholars to these representations. We then present new material on Gandhi’s views on the subject that have been ignored and stand in need\nof analysis. The readings presented here would in our opinion have the potential of answering squarely some of Gandhi’s critics who saw his views as retrograde. This ‘archive’, it is hoped, will contribute to equalising the focus in Gandhian studies from an overemphasis on his political philosophy to his contribution to intellectual history and the sociology of knowledge. "\n(From the Introduction)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {39},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Shambu C.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Colonial India, Colonialism, Gandhi \\& Science, Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, Gandhian Philosophy of Technology},\n\tpages = {3721--3732},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"A reading of the rather extensive literature on Gandhi reveals that his views on science rarely find mention, almost to the point of exclusion. Based on his critique of modern civilisation and the sheer lack of material on his views on science, Gandhi has been labelled as anti-science. This has not been addressed adequately either by his followers or by social analysts of Gandhi’s philosophy and practice. In this paper focusing on his Collected Works (1888-1948) we seek to address this lacuna by presenting a detailed contextual collation and analysis of his views on science over the years. We look at the responses of scholars to these representations. We then present new material on Gandhi’s views on the subject that have been ignored and stand in need of analysis. The readings presented here would in our opinion have the potential of answering squarely some of Gandhi’s critics who saw his views as retrograde. This ‘archive’, it is hoped, will contribute to equalising the focus in Gandhian studies from an overemphasis on his political philosophy to his contribution to intellectual history and the sociology of knowledge. \" (From the Introduction)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n We are All Hybrids Now: The Dangerous Epistemology of Post‐Colonial Populism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Peasant Studies, 28(2): 162–186. January 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{nanda_we_2001,\n\ttitle = {We are {All} {Hybrids} {Now}: {The} {Dangerous} {Epistemology} of {Post}‐{Colonial} {Populism}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0306-6150, 1743-9361},\n\tshorttitle = {We are all hybrids now},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03066150108438770},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/03066150108438770},\n\tabstract = {This review article considers the political effects of the construction by postcolonial/postmodern theory of an emancipatory project embodying an alternative modernity. It is argued that, in the case of the north Indian peasantry, what is perceived as a subaltern hybridity entails a paradoxical combination: namely, science‐driven technology with an irrational, pre‐scientific worldview. The latter elements, according to postcolonial theory, correspond not just to an authentically indigenous knowledge emanating from an undifferentiated ‘people’ but also to the way in which in non‐Western societies resist the continuing dominance exercised by erstwhile colonial masters through a system of Enlightenment/Western values. Epistemologically, however, such a backwards‐looking critique of science, technology and development has much in common with the discourse of the political right.\n\nPostcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India, by Akhil Gupta. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998. Pp.xv + 407. £14.95 (paperback). ISBN 0 8223 2243 7\n\nRivalry and Brotherhood: Politics in the Life of Farmers in Northern India, by Dipankar Gupta. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp.230. £12.99 (hardback). ISBN 019564 1019\n\nPeasants, Populism and Postmodernism: The Return of the Agrarian Myth, by Tom Brass. London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass Publishers, 2000. Pp.xii + 380. £18.50 (paperback). ISBN 0 71468000 1},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peasant Studies},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Alternative Sciences, Epistemic Pluralism, Epistemology, Traditional Knowledge},\n\tpages = {162--186},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This review article considers the political effects of the construction by postcolonial/postmodern theory of an emancipatory project embodying an alternative modernity. It is argued that, in the case of the north Indian peasantry, what is perceived as a subaltern hybridity entails a paradoxical combination: namely, science‐driven technology with an irrational, pre‐scientific worldview. The latter elements, according to postcolonial theory, correspond not just to an authentically indigenous knowledge emanating from an undifferentiated ‘people’ but also to the way in which in non‐Western societies resist the continuing dominance exercised by erstwhile colonial masters through a system of Enlightenment/Western values. Epistemologically, however, such a backwards‐looking critique of science, technology and development has much in common with the discourse of the political right. Postcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India, by Akhil Gupta. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998. Pp.xv + 407. £14.95 (paperback). ISBN 0 8223 2243 7 Rivalry and Brotherhood: Politics in the Life of Farmers in Northern India, by Dipankar Gupta. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp.230. £12.99 (hardback). ISBN 019564 1019 Peasants, Populism and Postmodernism: The Return of the Agrarian Myth, by Tom Brass. London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass Publishers, 2000. Pp.xii + 380. £18.50 (paperback). ISBN 0 71468000 1\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Protect Or Plunder?: Understanding Intellectual Property Rights.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shiva, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zed Books, London & New York, 2001.\n Google-Books-ID: ghwTDbc4uYoC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{shiva_protect_2001,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Protect {Or} {Plunder}?: {Understanding} {Intellectual} {Property} {Rights}},\n\tisbn = {9781842771099},\n\tshorttitle = {Protect {Or} {Plunder}?},\n\tabstract = {Intellectual property rights, TRIPS, patents - they sound technical, even boring. Yet, as Vandana Shiva shows, what kinds of ideas, technologies, identification of genes, even manipulations of life forms can be owned and exploited for profit by giant corporations is a vital issue for our times.In this readable and compelling introduction to an issue that lies at the heart of the so-called knowledge economy, Vandana Shiva makes clear how this Western-inspired and unprecedented widening of the concept does not in fact stimulate human creativity and the generation of knowledge. Instead, it is being exploited by transnational corporations in order to increase their profits at the expense of the health of ordinary people, and the poor in particular, and the age-old knowledge and independence of the world's farmers. Intellectual protection is being transformed into corporate plunder. Little wonder popular resistance around the world is rising to the WTO that polices this new intellectual world order, the pharmaceutical, biotech and other corporations which dominate it, and the new technologies they are foisting upon us.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Zed Books},\n\tauthor = {Shiva, Vandana},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ghwTDbc4uYoC},\n\tkeywords = {Biodiversity, Biopiracy, Environment, Environmental crisis, Intellectual Property Law, Intellectual Property Rights, Patents, Science and Democracy, Social History of Knowledge, South Asia},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Intellectual property rights, TRIPS, patents - they sound technical, even boring. Yet, as Vandana Shiva shows, what kinds of ideas, technologies, identification of genes, even manipulations of life forms can be owned and exploited for profit by giant corporations is a vital issue for our times.In this readable and compelling introduction to an issue that lies at the heart of the so-called knowledge economy, Vandana Shiva makes clear how this Western-inspired and unprecedented widening of the concept does not in fact stimulate human creativity and the generation of knowledge. Instead, it is being exploited by transnational corporations in order to increase their profits at the expense of the health of ordinary people, and the poor in particular, and the age-old knowledge and independence of the world's farmers. Intellectual protection is being transformed into corporate plunder. Little wonder popular resistance around the world is rising to the WTO that polices this new intellectual world order, the pharmaceutical, biotech and other corporations which dominate it, and the new technologies they are foisting upon us.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hitching Dalit Modernity to Anti-Modernist Wagon.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 36(17): 1480–1483. May 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{nanda_hitching_2001,\n\ttitle = {Hitching {Dalit} {Modernity} to {Anti}-{Modernist} {Wagon}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {17},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {Ambedkar, Dr. B.R., Caste, Dalit, Epistemic agency, Epistemology, Modernity, Rationalism, Secularism, The Enlightenment},\n\tpages = {1480--1483},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices: The Social Shadow of AIDS and STD prevention in Nepal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pigg, S. L.; and Pike, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 24(nsup1): 177–195. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{pigg_knowledge_2001,\n\ttitle = {Knowledge, {Attitudes}, {Beliefs}, and {Practices}: {The} {Social} {Shadow} of {AIDS} and {STD} prevention in {Nepal}},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tissn = {0085-6401},\n\tshorttitle = {Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00856400108723443},\n\tnumber = {nsup1},\n\turldate = {2015-12-13},\n\tjournal = {South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies},\n\tauthor = {Pigg, Stacy Leigh and Pike, Linnet},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpages = {177--195},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n International Collaboration in Science in India and its Impact on Institutional Performance.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Basu, A.; and Aggarwal, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scientometrics, 52(3): 379–394. November 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{basu_international_2001,\n\ttitle = {International {Collaboration} in {Science} in {India} and its {Impact} on {Institutional} {Performance}},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tissn = {1588-2861},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014239731175},\n\tdoi = {10.1023/A:1014239731175},\n\tabstract = {In this paper, our objective is to delineate some of the problems that could arise in using research output for performance evaluation. Research performance in terms of the Impact Factor (IF) of papers, say of scientific institutions in a country, could depend critically on coauthored papers in a situation where internationally co-authored papers are known to have significantly different (higher) impact factors as compared to purely indigenous papers. Thus, international collaboration not only serves to increase the overall output of research papers of an institution, the contribution of such papers to the average Impact Factor of the institutional output could also be disproportionately high. To quantify this effect, an index of gain in impact through foreign collaboration (GIFCOL) is defined such that it ensures comparability between institutions with differing proportions of collaborative output. A case study of major Indian institutions is undertaken, where Cluster Analysis is used to distinguish between intrinsically high performance institutions and those that gain disproportionately in terms of perceived quality of their output as a result of international collaboration.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-08},\n\tjournal = {Scientometrics},\n\tauthor = {Basu, Aparna and Aggarwal, Ritu},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {India, Institutional Performance, International Collaboration, Research Output, Scientific Community, Scientific Exchange},\n\tpages = {379--394},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this paper, our objective is to delineate some of the problems that could arise in using research output for performance evaluation. Research performance in terms of the Impact Factor (IF) of papers, say of scientific institutions in a country, could depend critically on coauthored papers in a situation where internationally co-authored papers are known to have significantly different (higher) impact factors as compared to purely indigenous papers. Thus, international collaboration not only serves to increase the overall output of research papers of an institution, the contribution of such papers to the average Impact Factor of the institutional output could also be disproportionately high. To quantify this effect, an index of gain in impact through foreign collaboration (GIFCOL) is defined such that it ensures comparability between institutions with differing proportions of collaborative output. A case study of major Indian institutions is undertaken, where Cluster Analysis is used to distinguish between intrinsically high performance institutions and those that gain disproportionately in terms of perceived quality of their output as a result of international collaboration.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Towards an Understanding of Gandhi's Views on Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prasad, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 36(39): 3721–3732. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prasad_towards_2001,\n\ttitle = {Towards an {Understanding} of {Gandhi}'s {Views} on {Science}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tissn = {0012-9976},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4411167},\n\tabstract = {Gandhi, it is argued in this paper, was not anti-science as is commonly misunderstood. Through a look at his various experiments, many unrealised in his time, it is shown that Gandhi's life defined a space for an alternative science for civil society that would operate with different methods. Gandhi's focus on the non-physical resources in organising for science, the satyagrahi scientist, for instance, is a radical departure from science policy as expressed by Nehru in his famous Scientific Policy Resolution of 1956 and followed in India since independence. He also had a universal message by providing a new cosmology of man-nature and fact-value relations that he articulated and put in place through his various experiments. With this outline of a theoretical framework for Gandhian science, the case of the khadi movement is taken up for detailed explication.},\n\tnumber = {39},\n\turldate = {2024-08-02},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Prasad, Shambhu},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhian Philosophy of Technology, India},\n\tpages = {3721--3732},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Gandhi, it is argued in this paper, was not anti-science as is commonly misunderstood. Through a look at his various experiments, many unrealised in his time, it is shown that Gandhi's life defined a space for an alternative science for civil society that would operate with different methods. Gandhi's focus on the non-physical resources in organising for science, the satyagrahi scientist, for instance, is a radical departure from science policy as expressed by Nehru in his famous Scientific Policy Resolution of 1956 and followed in India since independence. He also had a universal message by providing a new cosmology of man-nature and fact-value relations that he articulated and put in place through his various experiments. With this outline of a theoretical framework for Gandhian science, the case of the khadi movement is taken up for detailed explication.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Anthropologizing Sri Lanka: A Eurocentric Misadventure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Goonatilake, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indiana University Press, 2001.\n Google-Books-ID: 6xJIkSw9wZQC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{goonatilake_anthropologizing_2001,\n\ttitle = {Anthropologizing {Sri} {Lanka}: {A} {Eurocentric} {Misadventure}},\n\tisbn = {9780253339997},\n\tshorttitle = {Anthropologizing {Sri} {Lanka}},\n\tabstract = {For nearly two and a half millennia, Sri Lanka has figured in the Western imagination. Anthropologizing Sri Lanka examines how contemporary anthropologists have constructed and misconstrued this complex country's culture. Susantha Goonatilake contends that postcolonial anthropology relating to Sri Lanka is worse than anything colonial anthropology wrought and, in fact, worse than the colonial writings of the 19th and early 20th centuries on the southeast Asian nation. That this has happened after the period of questioning and decolonization that anthropology went through in the 1960s and 1970s is all the more puzzling.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Indiana University Press},\n\tauthor = {Goonatilake, Susantha},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 6xJIkSw9wZQC},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Eurocentricism, History of Anthropology, Social History of Science, Sri Lanka},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n For nearly two and a half millennia, Sri Lanka has figured in the Western imagination. Anthropologizing Sri Lanka examines how contemporary anthropologists have constructed and misconstrued this complex country's culture. Susantha Goonatilake contends that postcolonial anthropology relating to Sri Lanka is worse than anything colonial anthropology wrought and, in fact, worse than the colonial writings of the 19th and early 20th centuries on the southeast Asian nation. That this has happened after the period of questioning and decolonization that anthropology went through in the 1960s and 1970s is all the more puzzling.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From Rapid Change to Stasis: Official Responses to Cholera in British-Ruled India and Egypt: 1860 to c. 1921.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Watts, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of World History, 12(2): 321–374. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{watts_rapid_2001,\n\ttitle = {From {Rapid} {Change} to {Stasis}: {Official} {Responses} to {Cholera} in {British}-{Ruled} {India} and {Egypt}: 1860 to c. 1921},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1045-6007},\n\tshorttitle = {From {Rapid} {Change} to {Stasis}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/20078912},\n\tabstract = {This paper identifies a sharp shift in cholera policies in British India. Before mid-1868, medical authorities permitted sanitation officials to accept that this lethal disease was brought into new areas by human movement, and it allowed them to apply appropriate control measures. Then, with the opening of the Suez Canal across Egypt, the Imperial Government in London (reflecting the interests of investors) compelled officials in India to deny that cholera was carried by infected persons or that its movement could be stopped by cordons or quarantine of ships. Medically sound control measures were forbidden, at first on ideological grounds. After about 1899 bureaucratic inertia worked to the same end. This paper examines the consequences in India and Egypt to 1920--a huge, unnecessary loss of life.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Journal of World History},\n\tauthor = {Watts, Sheldon},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {Bureaucracy, Cholera, Colonial Medicine, History of Medicine, India},\n\tpages = {321--374},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper identifies a sharp shift in cholera policies in British India. Before mid-1868, medical authorities permitted sanitation officials to accept that this lethal disease was brought into new areas by human movement, and it allowed them to apply appropriate control measures. Then, with the opening of the Suez Canal across Egypt, the Imperial Government in London (reflecting the interests of investors) compelled officials in India to deny that cholera was carried by infected persons or that its movement could be stopped by cordons or quarantine of ships. Medically sound control measures were forbidden, at first on ideological grounds. After about 1899 bureaucratic inertia worked to the same end. This paper examines the consequences in India and Egypt to 1920–a huge, unnecessary loss of life.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Locating HIV/AIDS and India: Cautionary Notes on the Globalization of Categories.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karnik, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology, & Human Values, 26(3): 322–348. July 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{karnik_locating_2001,\n\ttitle = {Locating {HIV}/{AIDS} and {India}: {Cautionary} {Notes} on the {Globalization} of {Categories}},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},\n\tshorttitle = {Locating {HIV}/{AIDS} and {India}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/016224390102600304},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/016224390102600304},\n\tabstract = {HIV/AIDS can now be considered a pandemic as it affects all parts of the world. As attentive as scholars have been to the biomedical and epidemiological aspects of the disease, they have been slower to try to understand it as a disease of transnational significations or meanings. This article looks to the ways that the conceptual categories of HIV/AIDS came to India in the biomedical literature, the approaches that the media in the United States and India took in contending with these meanings, and how these categories travel globally in dominant and negotiated realms of discourse. Throughout this analysis, attention is paid to ways that high-risk groupings obscure alternative approaches based on understandings of the dynamics of poverty, history, gender, and culture. Finally, this article argues that critical approaches to science and medicine are essential to help produce a more complex science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-26},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology, \\& Human Values},\n\tauthor = {Karnik, Niranjan},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {HIV, India, Sociology of Medicine},\n\tpages = {322--348},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n HIV/AIDS can now be considered a pandemic as it affects all parts of the world. As attentive as scholars have been to the biomedical and epidemiological aspects of the disease, they have been slower to try to understand it as a disease of transnational significations or meanings. This article looks to the ways that the conceptual categories of HIV/AIDS came to India in the biomedical literature, the approaches that the media in the United States and India took in contending with these meanings, and how these categories travel globally in dominant and negotiated realms of discourse. Throughout this analysis, attention is paid to ways that high-risk groupings obscure alternative approaches based on understandings of the dynamics of poverty, history, gender, and culture. Finally, this article argues that critical approaches to science and medicine are essential to help produce a more complex science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Health, Medicine and Empire: Perspectives on Colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pati, B.; and Harrison, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sangam Books, 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{pati_health_2001,\n\ttitle = {Health, {Medicine} and {Empire}: {Perspectives} on {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780863118593},\n\tshorttitle = {Health, {Medicine} and {Empire}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Sangam Books},\n\tauthor = {Pati, Biswamoy and Harrison, Mark},\n\tyear = {2001},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 2000\n \n \n (20)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Colonial Encounters and the Forging of New Knowledge and National Identities: Great Britain and India, 1760-1850.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raj, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 15(1): 119–134. January 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raj_colonial_2000,\n\ttitle = {Colonial {Encounters} and the {Forging} of {New} {Knowledge} and {National} {Identities}: {Great} {Britain} and {India}, 1760-1850},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {Colonial {Encounters} and the {Forging} of {New} {Knowledge} and {National} {Identities}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/649322},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/649322},\n\tabstract = {In opposition both to the dominant vision of colonial science as an hegemonic European enterprise whose universalization can be conceived of in purely diffusionist terms, and to the more recent perception of it as a simple reordering of indigenous knowledge within the European canon, this essay seeks to show the complex reciprocity involved in the making of science within the colonial context. Based on the example of India during the first century of British colonial conquest, it examines the specificities of intercultural encounter in the subcontinent, the formalized institutions that were engendered, and the kinds of knowledge practices that emerged in the case of the geographical survey of India. The essay suggests that the knowledge created in this context is not just local in character, but participates wholly in the emergence of universal science, as well as of other institutions of modernity.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-07-14},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Raj, Kapil},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {18th Century, 19th Century, British India, Colonial India, Colonial Science, Great Surveys, The, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {119--134},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In opposition both to the dominant vision of colonial science as an hegemonic European enterprise whose universalization can be conceived of in purely diffusionist terms, and to the more recent perception of it as a simple reordering of indigenous knowledge within the European canon, this essay seeks to show the complex reciprocity involved in the making of science within the colonial context. Based on the example of India during the first century of British colonial conquest, it examines the specificities of intercultural encounter in the subcontinent, the formalized institutions that were engendered, and the kinds of knowledge practices that emerged in the case of the geographical survey of India. The essay suggests that the knowledge created in this context is not just local in character, but participates wholly in the emergence of universal science, as well as of other institutions of modernity.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Information and Communication Technology in Development: Cases from India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhatnagar, S.; and Schware, R.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n SAGE Publications, New Delhi, July 2000.\n Google-Books-ID: ophnkgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bhatnagar_information_2000,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Information and {Communication} {Technology} in {Development}: {Cases} from {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780761994459},\n\tshorttitle = {Information and {Communication} {Technology} in {Development}},\n\tabstract = {This book documents the successful use of information and communication technology (ICT) in rural development. The book begins with an introductory chapter that traces the history of ICT use in rural India, examines some of the problems that have afflicted the implementation of rural development programmes, at the same time showing how ICT applications could help overcome them, assesses the early efforts in ICT use, and proposes a scheme by which to classify ICT applications. Written by administrators who lead projects in their areas, sixteen case studies follow, which spell out the various applications of ICT that have made a difference in the delivery of services or products in rural India. Among the services covered are health care, milk distribution, disaster management, postal services, telephones, and services for the disabled. These applications of ICT cover the use of simple and inexpensive technologies at one end, and sophisticated satellite-based communication at the other. An important collection that delineates the main elements of a strategy that can be used by governmental agencies to derive maximum developmental impact from investments in ICT},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\teditor = {Bhatnagar, Subhash and Schware, Robert},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ophnkgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Development, ICT, Rural Development, Rural India, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book documents the successful use of information and communication technology (ICT) in rural development. The book begins with an introductory chapter that traces the history of ICT use in rural India, examines some of the problems that have afflicted the implementation of rural development programmes, at the same time showing how ICT applications could help overcome them, assesses the early efforts in ICT use, and proposes a scheme by which to classify ICT applications. Written by administrators who lead projects in their areas, sixteen case studies follow, which spell out the various applications of ICT that have made a difference in the delivery of services or products in rural India. Among the services covered are health care, milk distribution, disaster management, postal services, telephones, and services for the disabled. These applications of ICT cover the use of simple and inexpensive technologies at one end, and sophisticated satellite-based communication at the other. An important collection that delineates the main elements of a strategy that can be used by governmental agencies to derive maximum developmental impact from investments in ICT\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reconciling Science with Islam in 19th Century India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, S. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Contributions to Indian Sociology, 34(1): 63–92. February 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{habib_reconciling_2000,\n\ttitle = {Reconciling {Science} with {Islam} in 19th {Century} {India}},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0069-9659, 0973-0648},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/006996670003400103},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/006996670003400103},\n\tabstract = {This article deals with the reconciliation of modern science with Islam in 19th century India. This is done through a comparative study of two well known intellectuals and reformers: Syed Ahmad Khan and Jamaluddin Afghani. Both believed that science had been central to early Islam from the 8th to the 13th or 14th centuries, but that the situation had since then reversed. While no attempt is made to go into the early period, it never theless provides an important backdrop. Syed Ahmad was a reconstructionist who tried to reinterpret the Quran to assimilate modern scientific knowledge. Afghani, on the other hand, was a pragmatist. Though he stood for the cultivation of modern sciences, he did not approve of the aping of the West. Afghani stayed in India for three years, and had serious differences with Syed Ahmad Khan on the modus operandi of reconciling science with Islam. He denounced the ulema for the strange divide they had created between Muslim science and European science. This discussion may have a bearing on current attempts to provide religion or ethnicity to modern science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {Contributions to Indian Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Habib, S. Irfan},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Afghani, Jamaluddin, Colonial History, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Domestication of science, Intelligentsia, Islam \\& Science, Islamic science, Khan, Syed Ahmad, Religion \\& Science},\n\tpages = {63--92},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article deals with the reconciliation of modern science with Islam in 19th century India. This is done through a comparative study of two well known intellectuals and reformers: Syed Ahmad Khan and Jamaluddin Afghani. Both believed that science had been central to early Islam from the 8th to the 13th or 14th centuries, but that the situation had since then reversed. While no attempt is made to go into the early period, it never theless provides an important backdrop. Syed Ahmad was a reconstructionist who tried to reinterpret the Quran to assimilate modern scientific knowledge. Afghani, on the other hand, was a pragmatist. Though he stood for the cultivation of modern sciences, he did not approve of the aping of the West. Afghani stayed in India for three years, and had serious differences with Syed Ahmad Khan on the modus operandi of reconciling science with Islam. He denounced the ulema for the strange divide they had created between Muslim science and European science. This discussion may have a bearing on current attempts to provide religion or ethnicity to modern science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An Overview of Science and Technology Coverage in Indian English-Language Dailies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dutt, B.; and Garg, K. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Public Understanding of Science, 9(2): 123–140. April 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{dutt_overview_2000,\n\ttitle = {An {Overview} of {Science} and {Technology} {Coverage} in {Indian} {English}-{Language} {Dailies}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0963-6625, 1361-6609},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1088/0963-6625/9/2/303},\n\tdoi = {10.1088/0963-6625/9/2/303},\n\tabstract = {News items on science and technology in English-language newspapers published in different parts of India during January-December 1996 were analyzed. Results indicate that the greatest proportion of newspaper space was devoted to nuclear science and technology, followed by defense, space research, and astronomy. The Pioneer, The Hindu, and The Times of India were the newspapers that together devoted about 23 percent of the total space to items on science and technology. The sources for most of the articles (97 percent) on policy issues originated from within India, while for other stories foreign sources, including those from the United States and the United Kingdom, also contributed. Many of the items were supported by illustrations such as photographs and diagrams. The study indicates that, on average, Indian newspapers devoted far less than one percent of the total printed space to articles and stories related to science and technology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Public Understanding of Science},\n\tauthor = {Dutt, Bharvi and Garg, K. C.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {India, Science Communication},\n\tpages = {123--140},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n News items on science and technology in English-language newspapers published in different parts of India during January-December 1996 were analyzed. Results indicate that the greatest proportion of newspaper space was devoted to nuclear science and technology, followed by defense, space research, and astronomy. The Pioneer, The Hindu, and The Times of India were the newspapers that together devoted about 23 percent of the total space to items on science and technology. The sources for most of the articles (97 percent) on policy issues originated from within India, while for other stories foreign sources, including those from the United States and the United Kingdom, also contributed. Many of the items were supported by illustrations such as photographs and diagrams. The study indicates that, on average, Indian newspapers devoted far less than one percent of the total printed space to articles and stories related to science and technology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Landscape and Postcolonial Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Contributions to Indian Sociology, 34(2): 163–187. June 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{abraham_landscape_2000,\n\ttitle = {Landscape and {Postcolonial} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0069-9659, 0973-0648},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/006996670003400201},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/006996670003400201},\n\tabstract = {This article draws attention to the framing of problems in the history and sociology of Indian science. It argues that physics in postcolonial India cannot be seen in isolation from the political context within which it was embedded and the international circuits within which its work circulated. Further, the article demonstrates how certain experi mental approaches, highly effective from a scientific point of view, depend upon a violent exclusion of all that is social and living from the scientific register. The article draws on the conceptual device of 'landscape', borrowed from critical work in art history, to make the link between different elements of the argument.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Contributions to Indian Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Itty},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {History and Sociology of Science, India, Space},\n\tpages = {163--187},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This article draws attention to the framing of problems in the history and sociology of Indian science. It argues that physics in postcolonial India cannot be seen in isolation from the political context within which it was embedded and the international circuits within which its work circulated. Further, the article demonstrates how certain experi mental approaches, highly effective from a scientific point of view, depend upon a violent exclusion of all that is social and living from the scientific register. The article draws on the conceptual device of 'landscape', borrowed from critical work in art history, to make the link between different elements of the argument.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Colonial World as Mission and Mandate: Leprosy and Empire, 1900-1940.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Worboys, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 15: 207–218. January 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{worboys_colonial_2000,\n\ttitle = {The {Colonial} {World} as {Mission} and {Mandate}: {Leprosy} and {Empire}, 1900-1940},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Colonial} {World} as {Mission} and {Mandate}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/649327},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/649327},\n\tabstract = {The history of medicine in twentieth-century empires has been dominated by studies of "imperial tropical medicine" (ITM) and its consequences. Historians have been fascinated by the work of medical scientists and doctors in the age of high imperialism, and there are many studies of medicine as a "tool of empire." This paper reviews work that explores colonial medicine as a broader enterprise than ITM in three spheres: missionary activity, modernization, and protection of the health and welfare of indigenous peoples. To illustrate the themes of mission and mandate, it discusses the development of policies to control leprosy in the tropical African and Asian colonies of Britain in the first half of this century, especially the work of the British Empire Leprosy Relief Association (BELRA). Although BELRA's efforts did little to change imperial medical and health agendas, they had an important impact locally and ideologically, and show how closely interwoven the themes of Christian caring, medical humanism, colonial development, and welfare policy had become by the outbreak of the Second World War.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Worboys, Michael},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {History of Medicine, Imperialism, India, Leprosy},\n\tpages = {207--218},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The history of medicine in twentieth-century empires has been dominated by studies of \"imperial tropical medicine\" (ITM) and its consequences. Historians have been fascinated by the work of medical scientists and doctors in the age of high imperialism, and there are many studies of medicine as a \"tool of empire.\" This paper reviews work that explores colonial medicine as a broader enterprise than ITM in three spheres: missionary activity, modernization, and protection of the health and welfare of indigenous peoples. To illustrate the themes of mission and mandate, it discusses the development of policies to control leprosy in the tropical African and Asian colonies of Britain in the first half of this century, especially the work of the British Empire Leprosy Relief Association (BELRA). Although BELRA's efforts did little to change imperial medical and health agendas, they had an important impact locally and ideologically, and show how closely interwoven the themes of Christian caring, medical humanism, colonial development, and welfare policy had become by the outbreak of the Second World War.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and its Public in British India: Problematic of Diffusion and Social Appropriation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Sangwan, S., editor(s), Uncharted Terrains: Essays on Science Popularization in Pre-Independence India, pages 54–64. Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{raina_science_2000,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science and its {Public} in {British} {India}: {Problematic}\nof {Diffusion} and {Social} {Appropriation}},\n\tisbn = {9788174800565},\n\tshorttitle = {Uncharted {Terrains}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Uncharted_Terrains/aZxrAAAACAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Uncharted {Terrains}: {Essays} on {Science} {Popularization} in {Pre}-{Independence} {India}},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\teditor = {Sangwan, Satpal},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Colonialism, Domestication of science, India, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, Popular Science, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Publics, Science Popularisation},\n\tpages = {54--64},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The New Cambridge History of India, III.5: Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arnold, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, April 2000.\n Google-Books-ID: 7bAxnPwOMd8C\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{arnold_new_2000,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {The {New} {Cambridge} {History} of {India}, {III}.5: {Science}, {Technology} and {Medicine} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780521563192},\n\tabstract = {Interest in the science, technology and medicine of India under British rule has grown in recent years and has played an ever-increasing part in the reinterpretation of modern South Asian history. Spanning the period from the establishment of East India Company rule through to Independence, David Arnold's wide-ranging and analytical survey demonstrates the importance of examining the role of science, technology and medicine in conjunction with the development of the British engagement in India and in the formation of Indian responses to western intervention. One of the first works to analyse the colonial era as a whole from the perspective of science, the book investigates the relationship between Indian and western science, the nature of science, technology and medicine under the Company, the creation of state-scientific services, 'imperial science' and the rise of an Indian scientific community, the impact of scientific and medical research and the dilemmas of nationalist science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Arnold, David},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7bAxnPwOMd8C},\n\tkeywords = {British Empire, British India, Colonial Science, East India Company, Nation, Nationalism, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Interest in the science, technology and medicine of India under British rule has grown in recent years and has played an ever-increasing part in the reinterpretation of modern South Asian history. Spanning the period from the establishment of East India Company rule through to Independence, David Arnold's wide-ranging and analytical survey demonstrates the importance of examining the role of science, technology and medicine in conjunction with the development of the British engagement in India and in the formation of Indian responses to western intervention. One of the first works to analyse the colonial era as a whole from the perspective of science, the book investigates the relationship between Indian and western science, the nature of science, technology and medicine under the Company, the creation of state-scientific services, 'imperial science' and the rise of an Indian scientific community, the impact of scientific and medical research and the dilemmas of nationalist science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Uncharted Terrains: Essays on Science Popularisation in Pre-independence India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sehgal, N. K.; Sangwan, S.; and Mahanti, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2000.\n Google-Books-ID: aZxrAAAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sehgal_uncharted_2000,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Uncharted {Terrains}: {Essays} on {Science} {Popularisation} in {Pre}-independence {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788174800565},\n\tshorttitle = {Uncharted {Terrains}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Uncharted_Terrains/aZxrAAAACAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {A collection of 10 thought provoking essays that have been compiled to unfurl the painstaking efforts of a group of devoted people who fought against all odds to take science \\& technology to the masses.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Sehgal, Narender K. and Sangwan, Satpal and Mahanti, Subodh},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: aZxrAAAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Assam, Bengal, Chacraverti, Santanu, Colonial Science, Domestication of science, Ghosh, Amitabha, Habib, S. Irfan, India, Mohan, Kamlesh, Palit, Chittabrata, Phukan, Bandita, Popular Science, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Punjab, Raina, Dhruv, Sangwan, Satpal, Sehgal, Narender K., Social History of Science, Virk, H.S.},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A collection of 10 thought provoking essays that have been compiled to unfurl the painstaking efforts of a group of devoted people who fought against all odds to take science & technology to the masses.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Munshi Zakaullah and the Vernacularisation of Science in Nineteenth Century India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, S. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Uncharted Terrains: Essays on Science Popularization in Pre-Independence India, pages 54–64. Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{habib_munshi_2000,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Munshi {Zakaullah} and the {Vernacularisation} of {Science} in {Nineteenth} {Century} {India}.},\n\tisbn = {9788174800565},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Uncharted {Terrains}: {Essays} on {Science} {Popularization} in {Pre}-{Independence} {India}},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Habib, S. Irfan},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Colonialism, Domestication of science, India, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, Popular Science, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Science Popularisation},\n\tpages = {54--64},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Culture and Conflict in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cultural Dynamics, 12(2): 164–181. July 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharma_science_2000,\n\ttitle = {Science, {Culture} and {Conflict} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0921-3740, 1461-7048},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/092137400001200204},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/092137400001200204},\n\tabstract = {Science and technology have been a vector of social change, but for the nonwestern (Third World) people, modern technoscience advancement has been associated with western domination. For this reason, the evolution of technoglobalization is viewed with suspicion. The Critical Science Movement (CSM) emerged during the decades after the Second World War and led to ecofriendly scientific movements; the new scientific culture assessed science and technology, including the social responsibilities of science and the social studies of science. However, the cognitive impact of science in, for example, India had been mostly reactionary—outright anti-science and anti-intellectualism. Politically, it has encouraged ‘ethnic nationalism’ and culturally ‘ religious revivalism’. Generally, we feel it necessary to glorify the ‘ancient golden age’ which was considered superior to modern science and ‘spiritually superior to the materialist aggressive western’ culture of science. Science as a cognitive factor is not viewed as a liberating source of knowledge and reasoning but as a threat to traditional culture. At best science is regarded as exploitative of natural resources. The article attempts to explain the reasons for India's cultural resistance to the scientific approaches of social engineering.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Cultural Dynamics},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Dhirendra},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {India, New Social Movements, Science \\& Culture, Science and Democracy, Science and State, Social Movements},\n\tpages = {164--181},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science and technology have been a vector of social change, but for the nonwestern (Third World) people, modern technoscience advancement has been associated with western domination. For this reason, the evolution of technoglobalization is viewed with suspicion. The Critical Science Movement (CSM) emerged during the decades after the Second World War and led to ecofriendly scientific movements; the new scientific culture assessed science and technology, including the social responsibilities of science and the social studies of science. However, the cognitive impact of science in, for example, India had been mostly reactionary—outright anti-science and anti-intellectualism. Politically, it has encouraged ‘ethnic nationalism’ and culturally ‘ religious revivalism’. Generally, we feel it necessary to glorify the ‘ancient golden age’ which was considered superior to modern science and ‘spiritually superior to the materialist aggressive western’ culture of science. Science as a cognitive factor is not viewed as a liberating source of knowledge and reasoning but as a threat to traditional culture. At best science is regarded as exploitative of natural resources. The article attempts to explain the reasons for India's cultural resistance to the scientific approaches of social engineering.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Setting the Record Straight: A Response to Gita Chadha.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sokal, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 35(15): 1298–1301. April 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sokal_setting_2000,\n\ttitle = {Setting the {Record} {Straight}: {A} {Response} to {Gita} {Chadha}},\n\tvolume = {35},\n\tabstract = {A reponse to the Indian debate on theScience War},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {15},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Sokal, Alan},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemology, India, Postmodernism, Science War, Sokal's Hoax},\n\tpages = {1298--1301},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A reponse to the Indian debate on theScience War\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reconstructing India: Disunity in the Science and Technology for Development Discourse, 1900-1947.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 15: 241–257. January 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_reconstructing_2000,\n\ttitle = {Reconstructing {India}: {Disunity} in the {Science} and {Technology} for {Development} {Discourse}, 1900-1947},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {Reconstructing {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/649329},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/649329},\n\tabstract = {The turn of the twentieth century saw the apogee of the British Empire in India, while at the same time the seeds of decolonization sprouted. The last decades of the Raj (1930s and 1940s) saw some flickers of "constructive imperialism," but these came too late. By then, nationalism had gathered strength. Indian leaders--including Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru--and the government raced to raise development issues and debate the role of science and technology therein. By 1937, many committees had been formed and reports published, and the push was on to make India a modern nation-state. At first sight, there seemed to be unity of purpose, but in reality this was not so. As this paper shows, the thin veneer of the development discourse evaporated when put under pressure by class interests.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Colonialism, Development, India, Nation State, Nationalism, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology},\n\tpages = {241--257},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The turn of the twentieth century saw the apogee of the British Empire in India, while at the same time the seeds of decolonization sprouted. The last decades of the Raj (1930s and 1940s) saw some flickers of \"constructive imperialism,\" but these came too late. By then, nationalism had gathered strength. Indian leaders–including Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru–and the government raced to raise development issues and debate the role of science and technology therein. By 1937, many committees had been formed and reports published, and the push was on to make India a modern nation-state. At first sight, there seemed to be unity of purpose, but in reality this was not so. As this paper shows, the thin veneer of the development discourse evaporated when put under pressure by class interests.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arnold, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, 2000.\n Google-Books-ID: 7bAxnPwOMd8C\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{arnold_science_2000,\n\ttitle = {Science, {Technology} and {Medicine} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780521563192},\n\tabstract = {Interest in the science, technology and medicine of India under British rule has grown in recent years and has played an ever-increasing part in the reinterpretation of modern South Asian history. Spanning the period from the establishment of East India Company rule through to Independence, David Arnold's wide-ranging and analytical survey demonstrates the importance of examining the role of science, technology and medicine in conjunction with the development of the British engagement in India and in the formation of Indian responses to western intervention. One of the first works to analyse the colonial era as a whole from the perspective of science, the book investigates the relationship between Indian and western science, the nature of science, technology and medicine under the Company, the creation of state-scientific services, 'imperial science' and the rise of an Indian scientific community, the impact of scientific and medical research and the dilemmas of nationalist science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Arnold, David},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7bAxnPwOMd8C},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Interest in the science, technology and medicine of India under British rule has grown in recent years and has played an ever-increasing part in the reinterpretation of modern South Asian history. Spanning the period from the establishment of East India Company rule through to Independence, David Arnold's wide-ranging and analytical survey demonstrates the importance of examining the role of science, technology and medicine in conjunction with the development of the British engagement in India and in the formation of Indian responses to western intervention. One of the first works to analyse the colonial era as a whole from the perspective of science, the book investigates the relationship between Indian and western science, the nature of science, technology and medicine under the Company, the creation of state-scientific services, 'imperial science' and the rise of an Indian scientific community, the impact of scientific and medical research and the dilemmas of nationalist science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n International Collaboration in Indian Scientific Papers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Basu, A.; and Kumar, B. S. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scientometrics, 48(3): 381–402. July 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{basu_international_2000,\n\ttitle = {International {Collaboration} in {Indian} {Scientific} {Papers}},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tissn = {1588-2861},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005692505687},\n\tdoi = {10.1023/A:1005692505687},\n\tabstract = {Internationally co-authored publications may be regarded as an indicator of scientific co-operation between countries and is of interest in science policy. In this study, the extent of international collaboration in Indian science has been estimated from SCI data in 1990 and 1994. We find an increase in collaboration both in terms of output and the extent of the network and significantly higher impact (IF) associated with internationally co-authored papers in several disciplines. However, there was no significant increase in IF of collaborative papers over time, whereas Indian papers in general showed a statistically significant, though small, increase in average impact from 1990 to 1994. The bulk of Indian scientific co-operation was with the developed Western nations and Japan, but it was often the smaller countries with a few co-authored papers which showed higher average impact. Co-operation with South Asian countries, initially low, has doubled in four years. By a combination of multivariate data analysis techniques the relative positions of India's partners in scientific collaboration have been mapped with respect to the fields of co-operation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-08},\n\tjournal = {Scientometrics},\n\tauthor = {Basu, Aparna and Kumar, B. S. Vinu},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {India, International Collaboration, Multivariate Data, Science Policy, Scientific Community, Scientific Exchange, Scientific Paper},\n\tpages = {381--402},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Internationally co-authored publications may be regarded as an indicator of scientific co-operation between countries and is of interest in science policy. In this study, the extent of international collaboration in Indian science has been estimated from SCI data in 1990 and 1994. We find an increase in collaboration both in terms of output and the extent of the network and significantly higher impact (IF) associated with internationally co-authored papers in several disciplines. However, there was no significant increase in IF of collaborative papers over time, whereas Indian papers in general showed a statistically significant, though small, increase in average impact from 1990 to 1994. The bulk of Indian scientific co-operation was with the developed Western nations and Japan, but it was often the smaller countries with a few co-authored papers which showed higher average impact. Co-operation with South Asian countries, initially low, has doubled in four years. By a combination of multivariate data analysis techniques the relative positions of India's partners in scientific collaboration have been mapped with respect to the fields of co-operation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Archaic Modernities: Science, Secularism, and Religion in Modern India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subramaniam, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Text, 18(3): 67–86. 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{subramaniam_archaic_2000,\n\ttitle = {Archaic {Modernities}: {Science}, {Secularism}, and {Religion} in {Modern} {India}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1527-1951},\n\tshorttitle = {Archaic {Modernities}},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/4/article/31881},\n\tabstract = {Social Text 18.3 (2000) 67-86 , , --Linda Fedigan, Primate Paradigms: Sex Roles and Social Bonds , Science has transformed the visual schemes of an insomniac--the studious invocation of sheep, the procession of zoological icons hypnotically jumping a white picket fence on a soft green lawn. 1 Thanks to the cloning feat of Dr. Ian Wilmut, 2 all I see today is a stream of Dollys, identical in every manner, deftly clearing the barricade in quick succession. There is no comfort anymore, no soporific presence. A genetically engineered sheep is no longer innocent, naive. These icons that inhabited my nightly imagination, the last refuge of an insomniac, are suddenly pregnant with meaning, rich with symbolism. Life is not the same anymore., The realm of the "natural," a world untainted by human interventions, has exploded into a kaleidoscope of technological wizardry. Science has taken over that last bastion of the personal and private, the world of one's dreams. And yet, just as science in all its quests for rationality has conquered another realm of the supposedly irrational, religion seems to be (re)appearing systematically and unmistakably. Religion has often been cast as the demon in the nightmares of modern science. What do we make of the appearance of these two supposed opposites in the same dreamscape? For some, it is just another chapter in an ongoing story in which the light of reason banishes the darkness of superstition. The appearance of superstition is seen as regression, signaling the need to remind the dreamer of the superiority of rationality. For others, the morality play, while also long-running, moves in the opposite direction. For them, the reappearance of religion may be a sign of return, but not of regression--a return to the time of beauty and light, the time before the outsiders and their degenerate, fluorescent version of enlightenment., Having grown up secure in the warm halo of modern science in secular India, with Charles Darwin as my hero, the tumultuous turns of science and religion have been disorienting. My growing feminism has [End Page 67] forced me to interrogate the world around me, slowly pushing me away from the center of the very institutions I put my trust in. My naive faith and belief in the liberatory power of science--the science that was going to eradicate poverty, and class, caste, and gender discrimination--has gradually eroded. It is not that I think science cannot do those things, but that science has not fulfilled its promise. Eugenics, Nazi science and medicine, Tuskegee syphilis experiments are part of the history of science we must reckon with. I am a committed scientist and believe in the possibility and power of a liberatory science, but I think these promises can be fulfilled only when we learn to create, locate, and engage with a science that is also a political, social, and progressive institution. Mainstream science--with its claim to the apolitical, value-neutral, and objective--cannot fulfil this mission. Indeed, the social and feminist studies of science have demonstrated that science's claim to aperspectival objectivity is far from that "view from nowhere." 3 Instead it is a view from the pristine white castles of power and privilege. How should we imagine this progressive project for science? If science is an institution influenced by social, cultural, and economic factors as the social and feminist studies of science suggest, surely we must elaborate the relationship of science to another powerful cultural force, namely religion. What does this look like?, The always unsteady science of "the interpretation of dreams" is further complicated when the dreamscape and the dreamer inhabit the worlds between these two stories, sleeping, dreaming frantically between the binary oppositions of science and religion and religion and secularism. What can this yield but a jumble of dream fragments?,},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-05-28},\n\tjournal = {Social Text},\n\tauthor = {Subramaniam, Banu},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Feminist STS, India, Religion \\& Science, Religious Nationalism, Science \\& Culture},\n\tpages = {67--86},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Social Text 18.3 (2000) 67-86 , , –Linda Fedigan, Primate Paradigms: Sex Roles and Social Bonds , Science has transformed the visual schemes of an insomniac–the studious invocation of sheep, the procession of zoological icons hypnotically jumping a white picket fence on a soft green lawn. 1 Thanks to the cloning feat of Dr. Ian Wilmut, 2 all I see today is a stream of Dollys, identical in every manner, deftly clearing the barricade in quick succession. There is no comfort anymore, no soporific presence. A genetically engineered sheep is no longer innocent, naive. These icons that inhabited my nightly imagination, the last refuge of an insomniac, are suddenly pregnant with meaning, rich with symbolism. Life is not the same anymore., The realm of the \"natural,\" a world untainted by human interventions, has exploded into a kaleidoscope of technological wizardry. Science has taken over that last bastion of the personal and private, the world of one's dreams. And yet, just as science in all its quests for rationality has conquered another realm of the supposedly irrational, religion seems to be (re)appearing systematically and unmistakably. Religion has often been cast as the demon in the nightmares of modern science. What do we make of the appearance of these two supposed opposites in the same dreamscape? For some, it is just another chapter in an ongoing story in which the light of reason banishes the darkness of superstition. The appearance of superstition is seen as regression, signaling the need to remind the dreamer of the superiority of rationality. For others, the morality play, while also long-running, moves in the opposite direction. For them, the reappearance of religion may be a sign of return, but not of regression–a return to the time of beauty and light, the time before the outsiders and their degenerate, fluorescent version of enlightenment., Having grown up secure in the warm halo of modern science in secular India, with Charles Darwin as my hero, the tumultuous turns of science and religion have been disorienting. My growing feminism has [End Page 67] forced me to interrogate the world around me, slowly pushing me away from the center of the very institutions I put my trust in. My naive faith and belief in the liberatory power of science–the science that was going to eradicate poverty, and class, caste, and gender discrimination–has gradually eroded. It is not that I think science cannot do those things, but that science has not fulfilled its promise. Eugenics, Nazi science and medicine, Tuskegee syphilis experiments are part of the history of science we must reckon with. I am a committed scientist and believe in the possibility and power of a liberatory science, but I think these promises can be fulfilled only when we learn to create, locate, and engage with a science that is also a political, social, and progressive institution. Mainstream science–with its claim to the apolitical, value-neutral, and objective–cannot fulfil this mission. Indeed, the social and feminist studies of science have demonstrated that science's claim to aperspectival objectivity is far from that \"view from nowhere.\" 3 Instead it is a view from the pristine white castles of power and privilege. How should we imagine this progressive project for science? If science is an institution influenced by social, cultural, and economic factors as the social and feminist studies of science suggest, surely we must elaborate the relationship of science to another powerful cultural force, namely religion. What does this look like?, The always unsteady science of \"the interpretation of dreams\" is further complicated when the dreamscape and the dreamer inhabit the worlds between these two stories, sleeping, dreaming frantically between the binary oppositions of science and religion and religion and secularism. What can this yield but a jumble of dream fragments?,\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Society in Colonial India: Exploring an Agenda.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 28(5/6): 24–46. 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_science_2000,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Society} in {Colonial} {India}: {Exploring} an {Agenda}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0970-0293},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and {Society} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3518179},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/3518179},\n\tabstract = {Presidential address to Modern India Section of Indian History Congress Dimond Jubilee Session, 29-30 December, 1999, Calicut University, Kerala.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {5/6},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Medicine, Colonial Science, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology},\n\tpages = {24--46},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Presidential address to Modern India Section of Indian History Congress Dimond Jubilee Session, 29-30 December, 1999, Calicut University, Kerala.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Women's Reproductive Health in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramasubban, R.; and Jejeebhoy, S. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Rawat Publications, Jaipur, New Delhi, Bengaluru, Guwahati and Kolkata, 2000.\n Google-Books-ID: 0fbaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ramasubban_womens_2000,\n\taddress = {Jaipur, New Delhi, Bengaluru, Guwahati and Kolkata},\n\ttitle = {Women's {Reproductive} {Health} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9788170336365},\n\tabstract = {"This well-researched anthology provides, for the first time, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the reproductive and sexual health of women in india. Ten papers by eminent scholars synthesise what is known about every dimension of the reproductive health situation in India. Chapters cast a wide net, combining information from the social science and bio-medical literature, highlighting women's perspectives and women's needs. Unique in its wide coverage of issues and its multidisciplinary approach, this book will be of interest to policy makers, researchers and students in the fields of health and development, demography and gender studies, and programme managers in women's and men's health projects both within and outside the government. CONTRIBUTORS: Gillian Foo, Bela Ganatra, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, Michael Koenig, Nandini Oomman, Pertti J. Pelto, Radhika Ramasubban, Bhanwar Rishyasringa, Leela Visaria"},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Rawat Publications},\n\tauthor = {Ramasubban, Radhika and Jejeebhoy, Shireen J.},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0fbaAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Sexual health, Sociology of Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"This well-researched anthology provides, for the first time, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the reproductive and sexual health of women in india. Ten papers by eminent scholars synthesise what is known about every dimension of the reproductive health situation in India. Chapters cast a wide net, combining information from the social science and bio-medical literature, highlighting women's perspectives and women's needs. Unique in its wide coverage of issues and its multidisciplinary approach, this book will be of interest to policy makers, researchers and students in the fields of health and development, demography and gender studies, and programme managers in women's and men's health projects both within and outside the government. CONTRIBUTORS: Gillian Foo, Bela Ganatra, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, Michael Koenig, Nandini Oomman, Pertti J. Pelto, Radhika Ramasubban, Bhanwar Rishyasringa, Leela Visaria\"\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Industrialisation and Innovation: The Indian Experience.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n SAGE Publications, December 2000.\n Google-Books-ID: R9XsAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{tyabji_industrialisation_2000,\n\ttitle = {Industrialisation and {Innovation}: {The} {Indian} {Experience}},\n\tisbn = {9780761994862},\n\tshorttitle = {Industrialisation and {Innovation}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Industrialisation_and_Innovation/R9XsAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Nasir%20Tyabji%22},\n\tabstract = {"Addressing this important yet neglected question, this book traces the history of industrialisation and innovation in India. Nasir Tyabji points out that the distinction between the knowledge of 'how to make' (manufacture) and the knowledge of 'how to make better' (innovation) has been overlooked in the country's development plans. There is a stark contrast between India's diversified and sophisticated manufacturing base and the near absence of innovative capabilities. In order to develop this theme, the author examines the Indian version of the 'National System of Innovation'. He maintains that along with the engineering and scientific aspects, this system should have incorporated 'behavioural' issues, critical amongst which are the attitudes of entrepreneurs towards workers and the work process. It is these which, in the final analysis, create and sustain an innovative mode of manufacturing and production."},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: R9XsAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Industry, Innovation ecosystem, Innovation studies},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"Addressing this important yet neglected question, this book traces the history of industrialisation and innovation in India. Nasir Tyabji points out that the distinction between the knowledge of 'how to make' (manufacture) and the knowledge of 'how to make better' (innovation) has been overlooked in the country's development plans. There is a stark contrast between India's diversified and sophisticated manufacturing base and the near absence of innovative capabilities. In order to develop this theme, the author examines the Indian version of the 'National System of Innovation'. He maintains that along with the engineering and scientific aspects, this system should have incorporated 'behavioural' issues, critical amongst which are the attitudes of entrepreneurs towards workers and the work process. It is these which, in the final analysis, create and sustain an innovative mode of manufacturing and production.\"\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Nature and the Orient: The Environmental History of South and Southeast Asia.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grove, R.; Grove, R. H.; Damodaran, V.; and Sangwan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2000.\n Google-Books-ID: Sf_GAQAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{grove_nature_2000,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Nature and the {Orient}: {The} {Environmental} {History} of {South} and {Southeast} {Asia}},\n\tisbn = {9780195653755},\n\tshorttitle = {Nature and the {Orient}},\n\tabstract = {Discussing diverse aspects of the environmental history of South and Southeast Asia, from a variety of perspectives, it brings together leading experts from the fields of history, history of science, archaeology, geography and environmental studies, and covers a time span from 50,000 BC to the present. Spanning a geographical region from Peshawar on the North-West Frontier to the Maluku Islands in eastern Indonesia, this book tells the story of the highly complex relationship between people and their environment. Among a multitude of subjects it reports on the latest findings in settlement archaeology, the history of deforestation, climate change, the history of fishing, hunting and shikar, colonial science and forest management, indigenous plant knowledge, the history of famine, the impact of coalmining and the tragic story of India's tragic story of India's tribal communities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Grove, Richard and Grove, Richard H. and Damodaran, Vinita and Sangwan, Satpal},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Sf\\_GAQAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental History, Tribal knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Discussing diverse aspects of the environmental history of South and Southeast Asia, from a variety of perspectives, it brings together leading experts from the fields of history, history of science, archaeology, geography and environmental studies, and covers a time span from 50,000 BC to the present. Spanning a geographical region from Peshawar on the North-West Frontier to the Maluku Islands in eastern Indonesia, this book tells the story of the highly complex relationship between people and their environment. Among a multitude of subjects it reports on the latest findings in settlement archaeology, the history of deforestation, climate change, the history of fishing, hunting and shikar, colonial science and forest management, indigenous plant knowledge, the history of famine, the impact of coalmining and the tragic story of India's tragic story of India's tribal communities.\n
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\n\n \n \n 1999\n \n \n (14)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Knowledge and Society.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ssarukkai, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 34(13): 779–784. March 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{ssarukkai_science_1999,\n\ttitle = {Science, {Knowledge} and {Society}},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4407798?searchText=sundar%20sarukkai&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dsundar%2Bsarukkai%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A65cb3f718ef983f7287aad5be99ae62a},\n\tabstract = {What does it mean to apply mathematics? Why is mathematics considered as essential to natural sciences? Why do scientists consider the applicability of mathematics as something mysterious? The applicability of mathematics is mysterious and unexplainable only if we subscribe to a particular view of mathematics, namely, mathematics as a logical, axiomatic and formal system, which deals only with a platonic world and not our real one. In contrast, there are enough reasons to believe that mathematics is a fertile lived-language, sharing many characteristics with other verbal languages. Thus, to understand the applicability of mathematics, we need to first understand the applicability of languages, for example, the 'applicability' of English. The paper discusses some common characteristics in applying English and mathematics and offers a particular model to explain why mathematics seems to be so effectively applicable in science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {13},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Ssarukkai, Sundar},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemology, India, Science War},\n\tpages = {779--784},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n What does it mean to apply mathematics? Why is mathematics considered as essential to natural sciences? Why do scientists consider the applicability of mathematics as something mysterious? The applicability of mathematics is mysterious and unexplainable only if we subscribe to a particular view of mathematics, namely, mathematics as a logical, axiomatic and formal system, which deals only with a platonic world and not our real one. In contrast, there are enough reasons to believe that mathematics is a fertile lived-language, sharing many characteristics with other verbal languages. Thus, to understand the applicability of mathematics, we need to first understand the applicability of languages, for example, the 'applicability' of English. The paper discusses some common characteristics in applying English and mathematics and offers a particular model to explain why mathematics seems to be so effectively applicable in science.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Delhi's Water and Solid Waste Management: Emerging Scenario.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rohilla, S. K.; Datta, P. S.; and Bansal, S. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 1999.\n Google-Books-ID: YSLbAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rohilla_delhis_1999,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Delhi's {Water} and {Solid} {Waste} {Management}: {Emerging} {Scenario}},\n\tisbn = {9788174800527},\n\tshorttitle = {Delhi's {Water} and {Solid} {Waste} {Management}},\n\tabstract = {A study report based publication depicting the crisis that is looming large over Delhi's water resources, water management and solid waste problems. It is an important document for students, researchers, activists and policy makers.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Rohilla, Suresh Kumar and Datta, P. S. and Bansal, S. P.},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: YSLbAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Delhi, Governance, Science Policy, Waste, Water},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A study report based publication depicting the crisis that is looming large over Delhi's water resources, water management and solid waste problems. It is an important document for students, researchers, activists and policy makers.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science or Society? The Social Function of Science Revisited.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India International Centre Quarterly, 26(3): 91–98. 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyabji_science_1999,\n\ttitle = {Science or {Society}? {The} {Social} {Function} of {Science} {Revisited}},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\turl = {https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39406790/Tyabji_Science_or_Society-libre.pdf?1445746711=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DScience_or_society_The_social_function_o.pdf&Expires=1747455460&Signature=Siu-o2CKc-0iVzlfVNijGc8uhxBYLIU~WzOx8sUHCLma8SYGsRRoNCvQL2Tx-PDRaNdmLiBH4qTHMSwg6zyDq13SGQsjh3aAWZxzitrljFrLB5QV~fdbtj2pFZAXPaMyBHi7ZtTq658-WD-24NHVaS-eaeGaCNwhN6wR9NIbtmkuB0xc0LvwkiStGbyxKq2oVaHp-95Ya-yqQv9XUUwWlNVwTJxNTyYKIbJDuo7gX6Xo~8Bq9L0HCY7EoisJ0a70xFBb6LTZhOM1qQuHHYBD2StNcraaRH~Mrs4bYIiT8Ml4ydrzsLsFXbvh3b40rxsMWONgGQXNjUfeyW1r8ScbSQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {India International Centre Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tkeywords = {Bernal, John Desmond, Marxism \\& Science, Memoirs},\n\tpages = {91--98},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Professionalization and Evaluation: The Case of Indian Agricultural Research.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, R. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 11(4): 69–96. December 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raina_professionalization_1999,\n\ttitle = {Professionalization and {Evaluation}: {The} {Case} of {Indian} {Agricultural} {Research}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1874-6314},\n\tshorttitle = {Professionalization and evaluation},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12130-999-1004-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s12130-999-1004-6},\n\tabstract = {This paper examines the role of evaluation in promoting and sustaining professionalism in agricultural research organizations. The evaluation experience of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) reveals a series of attempts to review and institutionalize the essential features of professionalism: expertise, credentialism, and autonomy. The central thesis is that when evaluations inform or enable major changes in one or more of these features of professionalism, over a period of time, it is a sign of increasing professionalization of research. Following a brief introduction, the evaluation experiences of ICAR are examined in the context of the evolution of the profession of agricultural research. Specific evaluation experiences are then analyzed, with an emphasis on the role of evaluation in resolving the tension between bureaucratic and professional decision making. The paper concludes that unless stringent evaluations are introduced in ICAR, the professionalization of agricultural research in India will remain incomplete.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Knowledge, Technology \\& Policy},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Rajeswari Sarala},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Research, Green Revolution, Research Decision, Rockefeller Foundation, Royal Commission},\n\tpages = {69--96},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper examines the role of evaluation in promoting and sustaining professionalism in agricultural research organizations. The evaluation experience of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) reveals a series of attempts to review and institutionalize the essential features of professionalism: expertise, credentialism, and autonomy. The central thesis is that when evaluations inform or enable major changes in one or more of these features of professionalism, over a period of time, it is a sign of increasing professionalization of research. Following a brief introduction, the evaluation experiences of ICAR are examined in the context of the evolution of the profession of agricultural research. Specific evaluation experiences are then analyzed, with an emphasis on the role of evaluation in resolving the tension between bureaucratic and professional decision making. The paper concludes that unless stringent evaluations are introduced in ICAR, the professionalization of agricultural research in India will remain incomplete.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Situating the History of Science: Dialogues with Joseph Needham.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, S. I.; and Raina, D.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1999.\n Google-Books-ID: OyeQQgAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{habib_situating_1999,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Situating the {History} of {Science}: {Dialogues} with {Joseph} {Needham}},\n\tisbn = {9780195646399},\n\tshorttitle = {Situating the {History} of {Science}},\n\tabstract = {The essays in this volume place the history of science in context, especially the genre of history of science informed by Joseph Needham's ecumenical vision of science. The book presents a number of questions that relate to contemporary concerns of the history of sciences and multiculturalism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\teditor = {Habib, S. Irfan and Raina, Dhruv},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: OyeQQgAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ecumenical Perspective, Historiographies, Intellectual History, Marxism \\& Science, Needham, Joesph, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The essays in this volume place the history of science in context, especially the genre of history of science informed by Joseph Needham's ecumenical vision of science. The book presents a number of questions that relate to contemporary concerns of the history of sciences and multiculturalism.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Jagadis Chandra Bose and the Indian Response to Western Science.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dasgupta, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 1999.\n Google-Books-ID: rGH0LkbJJUYC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{dasgupta_jagadis_1999,\n\taddress = {Ranikhet},\n\ttitle = {Jagadis {Chandra} {Bose} and the {Indian} {Response} to {Western} {Science}},\n\tisbn = {9780195648744},\n\tabstract = {This book is the first comprehensive, critical study of Jagadis Chandra Bose's science and philosophy of science in the context of Western scientific culture. Drawing mainly on primary scientific literature and unpublished archival material, it describes Bose's precise contribution to physics, radio, and biology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Permanent Black},\n\tauthor = {Dasgupta, Subrata},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: rGH0LkbJJUYC},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Bose, J.C., Colonial Science, India, Intellectual History},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book is the first comprehensive, critical study of Jagadis Chandra Bose's science and philosophy of science in the context of Western scientific culture. Drawing mainly on primary scientific literature and unpublished archival material, it describes Bose's precise contribution to physics, radio, and biology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From West to Non‐West? Basalla's Three‐Stage Model Revisited.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science as Culture, 8(4): 497–516. December 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{raina_west_1999,\n\ttitle = {From {West} to {Non}‐{West}? {Basalla}'s {Three}‐{Stage} {Model} {Revisited}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {0950-5431, 1470-1189},\n\tshorttitle = {From west to non‐west?},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09505439909526560},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/09505439909526560},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Science as Culture},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tkeywords = {Basalla, George, Centre-Periphery, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Diffusionist model, Historiographies, India},\n\tpages = {497--516},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Empire and Information: Intelligence Gantering and Social Communication in India, 1780-1870.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bayly, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, New Delhi, First South Asian Edition edition, 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bayly_empire_1999,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\tedition = {First South Asian Edition},\n\ttitle = {Empire and {Information}: {Intelligence} {Gantering} and {Social} {Communication} in {India}, 1780-1870},\n\tabstract = {In a penetrating account of the evolution of British intelligence gathering in India, C. A. Bayly shows how networks of Indian spies, runners and political secretaries were recruited by the British to secure information about their subjects. He also examines the social and intellectual origins of these informants, and considers how the colonial authorities interpreted and often misinterpreted the information they supplied. As Professor Bayly demonstrates, it was such misunderstandings which ultimately contributed to the failure of the British to anticipate the mutinies of 1857. He argues, however, that, even before this, India's complex systems of communication were challenging the political and intellectual dominance of the European rulers.},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Bayly, CA},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Communication, Governmentality, History, India, Social History of Knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In a penetrating account of the evolution of British intelligence gathering in India, C. A. Bayly shows how networks of Indian spies, runners and political secretaries were recruited by the British to secure information about their subjects. He also examines the social and intellectual origins of these informants, and considers how the colonial authorities interpreted and often misinterpreted the information they supplied. As Professor Bayly demonstrates, it was such misunderstandings which ultimately contributed to the failure of the British to anticipate the mutinies of 1857. He argues, however, that, even before this, India's complex systems of communication were challenging the political and intellectual dominance of the European rulers.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Who Needs Post-Development? Discourses of Difference, Green Revolution and Agrarian Populism in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Patterson, R., editor(s), Science and Technology in Southern Africa and East and South Asia, pages 5–31. Brill, January 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{nanda_who_1999,\n\ttitle = {Who {Needs} {Post}-{Development}? {Discourses} of {Difference}, {Green} {Revolution} and {Agrarian} {Populism} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9789004476493},\n\tshorttitle = {Who {Needs} {Post}-{Development}?},\n\turl = {https://brill.com/display/book/9789004476493/B9789004476493_s004.xml},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Technology} in {Southern} {Africa} and {East} and {South} {Asia}},\n\tpublisher = {Brill},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\teditor = {Patterson, Rubin},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tdoi = {10.1163/9789004476493_004},\n\tkeywords = {Agrarian Crisis, Agriculture, Development, Epistemology, Green Revolution, Green Revolution in India, India, Modernisation, South Asia, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {5--31},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n In Search of an Epistemology for Third World People's Science Movements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Rethinking Marxism, 11(3): 104–123. September 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{nanda_search_1999,\n\ttitle = {In {Search} of an {Epistemology} for {Third} {World} {People}'s {Science} {Movements}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {0893-5696, 1475-8059},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08935699908685598},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/08935699908685598},\n\tabstract = {(Not avaiable)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-14},\n\tjournal = {Rethinking Marxism},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemology, Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Rationalism, Social History of Science, Social Movements, Third World},\n\tpages = {104--123},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not avaiable)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n French Jesuit Scientists in India: Historical Astronomy in the Discourse on India, 1670-1770.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 34(5): PE30–PE38. February 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raina_french_1999,\n\ttitle = {French {Jesuit} {Scientists} in {India}: {Historical} {Astronomy} in the {Discourse} on {India}, 1670-1770},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4407606},\n\tabstract = {The intellectual activity finally culminating in the grand theoretical syntheses of the celestial sciences towards the end of the 18th century followed a century's toil undertaken by Jesuit scientists and traveller's posted outside Europe. This essay briefly addressed the endeavour of the French Jesuits who landed in India during the late 17th and first half of the 18th centuries. The Jesuit scientists of the period were inaugurators of a discourse on India and Indian historical astronomy marked by ambiguity, where fascination and dismissal so together; where the enchantment with the new world and its distinct knowledge forms provide the occasion for enriching the self in cognitive and cultural terms, and through an act of distantiation, of redefining the self as superior.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tkeywords = {Europe, India, Jesuits, Medieval, Mughal, Social History of Science, The Enlightenment},\n\tpages = {PE30--PE38},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The intellectual activity finally culminating in the grand theoretical syntheses of the celestial sciences towards the end of the 18th century followed a century's toil undertaken by Jesuit scientists and traveller's posted outside Europe. This essay briefly addressed the endeavour of the French Jesuits who landed in India during the late 17th and first half of the 18th centuries. The Jesuit scientists of the period were inaugurators of a discourse on India and Indian historical astronomy marked by ambiguity, where fascination and dismissal so together; where the enchantment with the new world and its distinct knowledge forms provide the occasion for enriching the self in cognitive and cultural terms, and through an act of distantiation, of redefining the self as superior.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Romanticism and Colonial Disease.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bewell, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1999.\n Google-Books-ID: g1NrAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bewell_romanticism_1999,\n\taddress = {Baltimore},\n\ttitle = {Romanticism and {Colonial} {Disease}},\n\tisbn = {9780801862250},\n\tabstract = {Colonial experience was profoundly structured by disease, as expansion brought people into contact with new and deadly maladies. Pathogens were exchanged on a scale far greater than ever before. Native populations were decimated by wave after wave of Old World diseases. In turn, colonists suffered disease and mortality rates much higher than in their home countries. Not only disease, but the idea of disease, and the response to it, deeply affected both colonizers and those colonized.In Romanticism and Colonial Disease, Alan Bewell focuses on the British response to colonial disease as medical and literary writers, in a period roughly from the end of the eighteenth century to the middle of the nineteenth century, grappled to understand this new world of disease. Bewell finds this literature characterized by increasing anxiety about the global dimensions of disease and the epidemiological cost of empire. Colonialism infiltrated the heart of Romantic literature, affecting not only the Romantics' framing of disease but also their understanding of England's position in the colonial world.The first major study of the massive impact of colonial disease on British culture during the Romantic period, Romanticism and Colonial Disease charts the emergence of the idea of the colonial world as a pathogenic space in need of a cure, and examines the role of disease in the making and unmaking of national identities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},\n\tauthor = {Bewell, Alan},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: g1NrAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Disease, Colonial Science, History of Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Colonial experience was profoundly structured by disease, as expansion brought people into contact with new and deadly maladies. Pathogens were exchanged on a scale far greater than ever before. Native populations were decimated by wave after wave of Old World diseases. In turn, colonists suffered disease and mortality rates much higher than in their home countries. Not only disease, but the idea of disease, and the response to it, deeply affected both colonizers and those colonized.In Romanticism and Colonial Disease, Alan Bewell focuses on the British response to colonial disease as medical and literary writers, in a period roughly from the end of the eighteenth century to the middle of the nineteenth century, grappled to understand this new world of disease. Bewell finds this literature characterized by increasing anxiety about the global dimensions of disease and the epidemiological cost of empire. Colonialism infiltrated the heart of Romantic literature, affecting not only the Romantics' framing of disease but also their understanding of England's position in the colonial world.The first major study of the massive impact of colonial disease on British culture during the Romantic period, Romanticism and Colonial Disease charts the emergence of the idea of the colonial world as a pathogenic space in need of a cure, and examines the role of disease in the making and unmaking of national identities.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Harbingers of Rain: Land and Life in South India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vasavi, A. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{vasavi_harbingers_1999,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Harbingers of {Rain}: {Land} and {Life} in {South} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780195644210},\n\tshorttitle = {Harbingers of {Rain}},\n\tabstract = {The book focuses on understanding the cultural implications of changes introduced by government programs in an agrarian society. The introduction of new agricultural techniques, new crops, and new conceptualizations of droughts leads not only to economic and political changes, but also to changes in the social patterns and symbols of the society.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Vasavi, A. R.},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, India, Karnataka},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The book focuses on understanding the cultural implications of changes introduced by government programs in an agrarian society. The introduction of new agricultural techniques, new crops, and new conceptualizations of droughts leads not only to economic and political changes, but also to changes in the social patterns and symbols of the society.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Another Reason: Science and the Imagination of Modern India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prakash, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1999.\n Google-Books-ID: s2XcDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{prakash_another_1999,\n\taddress = {Princeton},\n\ttitle = {Another {Reason}: {Science} and the {Imagination} of {Modern} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780691214214},\n\tshorttitle = {Another {Reason}},\n\tabstract = {Another Reason is a bold and innovative study of the intimate relationship between science, colonialism, and the modern nation. Gyan Prakash, one of the most influential historians of India writing today, explores in fresh and unexpected ways the complexities, contradictions, and profound importance of this relationship in the history of the subcontinent. He reveals how science served simultaneously as an instrument of empire and as a symbol of liberty, progress, and universal reason--and how, in playing these dramatically different roles, it was crucial to the emergence of the modern nation. Prakash ranges over two hundred years of Indian history, from the early days of British rule to the dawn of the postcolonial era. He begins by taking us into colonial museums and exhibitions, where Indian arts, crafts, plants, animals, and even people were categorized, labeled, and displayed in the name of science. He shows how science gave the British the means to build railways, canals, and bridges, to transform agriculture and the treatment of disease, to reconstruct India's economy, and to transfigure India's intellectual life--all to create a stable, rationalized, and profitable colony under British domination. But Prakash points out that science also represented freedom of thought and that for the British to use it to practice despotism was a deeply contradictory enterprise. Seizing on this contradiction, many of the colonized elite began to seek parallels and precedents for scientific thought in India's own intellectual history, creating a hybrid form of knowledge that combined western ideas with local cultural and religious understanding. Their work disrupted accepted notions of colonizer versus colonized, civilized versus savage, modern versus traditional, and created a form of modernity that was at once western and indigenous. Throughout, Prakash draws on major and minor figures on both sides of the colonial divide, including Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, the nationalist historian and novelist Romesh Chunder Dutt, Prafulla Chandra Ray (author of A History of Hindu Chemistry), Rudyard Kipling, Lord Dalhousie, and John Stuart Mill. With its deft combination of rich historical detail and vigorous new arguments and interpretations, Another Reason will recast how we understand the contradictory and colonial genealogy of the modern nation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Princeton University Press},\n\tauthor = {Prakash, Gyan},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: s2XcDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, India, Modernity, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Another Reason is a bold and innovative study of the intimate relationship between science, colonialism, and the modern nation. Gyan Prakash, one of the most influential historians of India writing today, explores in fresh and unexpected ways the complexities, contradictions, and profound importance of this relationship in the history of the subcontinent. He reveals how science served simultaneously as an instrument of empire and as a symbol of liberty, progress, and universal reason–and how, in playing these dramatically different roles, it was crucial to the emergence of the modern nation. Prakash ranges over two hundred years of Indian history, from the early days of British rule to the dawn of the postcolonial era. He begins by taking us into colonial museums and exhibitions, where Indian arts, crafts, plants, animals, and even people were categorized, labeled, and displayed in the name of science. He shows how science gave the British the means to build railways, canals, and bridges, to transform agriculture and the treatment of disease, to reconstruct India's economy, and to transfigure India's intellectual life–all to create a stable, rationalized, and profitable colony under British domination. But Prakash points out that science also represented freedom of thought and that for the British to use it to practice despotism was a deeply contradictory enterprise. Seizing on this contradiction, many of the colonized elite began to seek parallels and precedents for scientific thought in India's own intellectual history, creating a hybrid form of knowledge that combined western ideas with local cultural and religious understanding. Their work disrupted accepted notions of colonizer versus colonized, civilized versus savage, modern versus traditional, and created a form of modernity that was at once western and indigenous. Throughout, Prakash draws on major and minor figures on both sides of the colonial divide, including Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, the nationalist historian and novelist Romesh Chunder Dutt, Prafulla Chandra Ray (author of A History of Hindu Chemistry), Rudyard Kipling, Lord Dalhousie, and John Stuart Mill. With its deft combination of rich historical detail and vigorous new arguments and interpretations, Another Reason will recast how we understand the contradictory and colonial genealogy of the modern nation.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n History of Indian Science, Technology, and Culture, A.D. 1000-1800.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n of History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian CivilizationOxford University Press, New Delhi, 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_history_1998,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\tseries = {History of {Science}, {Philosophy} and {Culture} in {Indian} {Civilization}},\n\ttitle = {History of {Indian} {Science}, {Technology}, and {Culture}, {A}.{D}. 1000-1800},\n\tisbn = {019-564-6525},\n\turl = {https://archive.org/details/historyofindians0003unseprt1},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\teditor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tkeywords = {16th Century, 17th Century, 18th Century, Ancient India, Early modern, History of Engineering and Technology, History of Science \\& Technology, Medieval India, Precolonial, Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Roots of Ayurveda: Selections from Sankskrit Medical Writings.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wujastyk, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Penguin Books India, 1998.\n Google-Books-ID: sJOEMwrVyRcC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{wujastyk_roots_1998,\n\ttitle = {The {Roots} of {Ayurveda}: {Selections} from {Sankskrit} {Medical} {Writings}},\n\tisbn = {9780140436808},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Roots} of {Ayurveda}},\n\tabstract = {Selections From The Ayurvedic Classics .\n\nA Distillation Of Ancient Indian Medical Wisdom This Volume Brings Together Selections From The Sanskrit Classics Of The Ayurveda Physicians Caraka, Susruta, Kasyapa, Vagabhata And Sarngadhara Who Lived Between The Mid-First Millennium Bc And The Fourteenth Century Ad. The Constituents And Systems Of The Physical Body; The Purifying Nature Of Garlic Therapy; The Varieties Of Soma Juice And How They Help Rejuvenation; The Danger To Kings From A Variety Of Poisons Including That Of The Snake Maiden; Rhinoplasty And Other Kinds Of Surgical Operations; The Circumstances Leading To The Loss Of An Embryo\\&Mdash;These Are Among The Aspects Of Esoteric And Common Interest Which Are Described In Detail Here. The Translations Which Are From The Oldest Extant Writings Of The Physicians Rather Than Later Commentaries, Are In Standard Modern English. But Care Has Been Taken Not To Transpose English Medical Terms Onto The Ayurvedic Concepts. Dominik Wujastyk\\&Rsquo;S Authentic, Critical And Reader-Friendly Renderings Of Original Sanskrit Medical Texts Offer Us A Glimpse Into Ayurveda As A Complete, Scientific And Living Medical Tradition.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Penguin Books India},\n\tauthor = {Wujastyk, D.},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: sJOEMwrVyRcC},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Epistemic Pluralism, India, Sanskrit Texts, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Selections From The Ayurvedic Classics . A Distillation Of Ancient Indian Medical Wisdom This Volume Brings Together Selections From The Sanskrit Classics Of The Ayurveda Physicians Caraka, Susruta, Kasyapa, Vagabhata And Sarngadhara Who Lived Between The Mid-First Millennium Bc And The Fourteenth Century Ad. The Constituents And Systems Of The Physical Body; The Purifying Nature Of Garlic Therapy; The Varieties Of Soma Juice And How They Help Rejuvenation; The Danger To Kings From A Variety Of Poisons Including That Of The Snake Maiden; Rhinoplasty And Other Kinds Of Surgical Operations; The Circumstances Leading To The Loss Of An Embryo&Mdash;These Are Among The Aspects Of Esoteric And Common Interest Which Are Described In Detail Here. The Translations Which Are From The Oldest Extant Writings Of The Physicians Rather Than Later Commentaries, Are In Standard Modern English. But Care Has Been Taken Not To Transpose English Medical Terms Onto The Ayurvedic Concepts. Dominik Wujastyk&Rsquo;S Authentic, Critical And Reader-Friendly Renderings Of Original Sanskrit Medical Texts Offer Us A Glimpse Into Ayurveda As A Complete, Scientific And Living Medical Tradition.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Women Scientists in the Third World: The Indian Experience.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subrahmanyan, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n SAGE Publications, New Delhi, September 1998.\n Google-Books-ID: lbbaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{subrahmanyan_women_1998,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Women {Scientists} in the {Third} {World}: {The} {Indian} {Experience}},\n\tisbn = {9780761992387},\n\tshorttitle = {Women {Scientists} in the {Third} {World}},\n\tabstract = {This book is a unique `collective biography' of women scholars in the `hard' sciences at the University of Madras. As an ethnographic case study, it combines a comprehensive description of the lives and careers of individual women who struggle in a male-dominated workplace that marginalizes them with an analysis of the structures and organizational features that serve to maintain them in that peripheral position.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\tauthor = {Subrahmanyan, Lalita},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: lbbaAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Gender \\& Science, Madras, Scientists, Women in science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book is a unique `collective biography' of women scholars in the `hard' sciences at the University of Madras. As an ethnographic case study, it combines a comprehensive description of the lives and careers of individual women who struggle in a male-dominated workplace that marginalizes them with an analysis of the structures and organizational features that serve to maintain them in that peripheral position.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Tehri Hydro-Electric Project, Narmada Valley Project.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bahadur, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 1998.\n Google-Books-ID: j7ghAQAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bahadur_tehri_1998,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Tehri {Hydro}-{Electric} {Project}, {Narmada} {Valley} {Project}},\n\tisbn = {9788174800435},\n\tabstract = {Provide a background to the two mega projects and outlines key environmental issues, economic aspects, and chronological sequence of developments. Also includes project status, official paramentrs and data.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Bahadur, Jagdish},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: j7ghAQAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Dam, Hydroelectirc power projects, India, Technoscientific projects \\& programmes, Water politics},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Provide a background to the two mega projects and outlines key environmental issues, economic aspects, and chronological sequence of developments. Also includes project status, official paramentrs and data.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb: Science, Secrecy and the Postcolonial State.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zed Books, September 1998.\n Google-Books-ID: c3MPQhmV0loC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{abraham_making_1998,\n\ttitle = {The {Making} of the {Indian} {Atomic} {Bomb}: {Science}, {Secrecy} and the {Postcolonial} {State}},\n\tisbn = {9781856496308},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Making} of the {Indian} {Atomic} {Bomb}},\n\tabstract = {In 1974 India exploded an atomic device. In May 1998 the new right-wing BJP Government set off several more, encountering in the process domestic plaudits, but also international condemnation and possibly sparking a new nuclear arms race in South Asia. What explains the enthusiasm of the Indian public for nuclear power? This book is the first serious historical account of the development of India's nuclear programme and of how the bomb came to be made. The author questions orthodox interpretations implying that it was a product of international conflict. Instead, he argues that the explosions had nothing to do with national security as conventionally understood and everything to do with establishing the legitimacy of the independent nation-state. He demonstrates the linkages that exist between the two apparently separate discourses of national security and national development.The result is a remarkable book that breaks new ground in integrating comparative politics, international relations and cultural studies. It is also a pioneering exploration of the sociology of science in a Third World context and offers a radically new argument about the Indian state and its post-colonial crisis of legitimacy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Zed Books},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Itty},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: c3MPQhmV0loC},\n\tkeywords = {India, Nation State, Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear energy, Nuclear weapons, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In 1974 India exploded an atomic device. In May 1998 the new right-wing BJP Government set off several more, encountering in the process domestic plaudits, but also international condemnation and possibly sparking a new nuclear arms race in South Asia. What explains the enthusiasm of the Indian public for nuclear power? This book is the first serious historical account of the development of India's nuclear programme and of how the bomb came to be made. The author questions orthodox interpretations implying that it was a product of international conflict. Instead, he argues that the explosions had nothing to do with national security as conventionally understood and everything to do with establishing the legitimacy of the independent nation-state. He demonstrates the linkages that exist between the two apparently separate discourses of national security and national development.The result is a remarkable book that breaks new ground in integrating comparative politics, international relations and cultural studies. It is also a pioneering exploration of the sociology of science in a Third World context and offers a radically new argument about the Indian state and its post-colonial crisis of legitimacy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sokal's Hoax: A Backlash to Science Criticism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chadha, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 33(47/48): 2964–2968. November 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chadha_sokals_1998,\n\ttitle = {Sokal's {Hoax}: {A} {Backlash} to {Science} {Criticism}},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\turl = {https://www.epw.in/journal/1998/47-48/perspectives/sokal-s-hoax-backlash-science-criticism.html},\n\tabstract = {Does the case for science lie in the role it can play as arbiter over oppressive tradition? Does it really work for the utopia of egalitarianism, the vision of progressive ideology? How much do we need science in building this utopia?},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {47/48},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Chadha, Gita},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemology, India, Postmodernism, Science War, Sokal's Hoax},\n\tpages = {2964--2968},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Does the case for science lie in the role it can play as arbiter over oppressive tradition? Does it really work for the utopia of egalitarianism, the vision of progressive ideology? How much do we need science in building this utopia?\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Postcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gupta, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Duke University Press, Durham, NC, 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{gupta_postcolonial_1998,\n\taddress = {Durham, NC},\n\ttitle = {Postcolonial {Developments}: {Agriculture} in the {Making} of {Modern} {India}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8223-2213-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Postcolonial {Developments}},\n\tabstract = {This definitive study brings together recent critiques of development and work in postcolonial studies to explore what the postcolonial condition has meant to rural people in the Third World. Focusing on local-level agricultural practices in India since the “green revolution” of the 1960s, Akhil Gupta challenges the dichotomy of “developed” and “underdeveloped,” as well as the notion of a monolithic postcolonial condition. In so doing, he advances discussions of modernity in the Third World and offers a new model for future ethnographic scholarship. Based on fieldwork done in the village of Alipur in rural north India from the early 1980s through the 1990s, Postcolonial Developments examines development itself as a post–World War II sociopolitical ideological formation, critiques related policies, and explores the various uses of the concept of the “indigenous” in several discursive contexts. Gupta begins with an analysis of the connections and conflicts between the world food economy, transnational capital, and technological innovations in wheat production. He then examines narratives of village politics in Alipur to show how certain discourses influenced governmental policies on the green revolution. Drawing links between village life, national trends, and global forces, Gupta concludes with a discussion of the implications of environmentalism as exemplified by the Rio Earth Summit and an examination of how global environmental treaties may detrimentally affect the lives of subaltern peoples. With a series of subtle observations on rural politics, nationalism, gender, modernization, and difference, this innovative study capitalizes on many different disciplines: anthropology, sociology, comparative politics, cultural geography, ecology, political science, agricultural economics, and history.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Gupta, Akhil},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tkeywords = {History / Asia / India \\& South Asia, Political Science / Political Economy, Technology \\& Engineering / Agriculture / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This definitive study brings together recent critiques of development and work in postcolonial studies to explore what the postcolonial condition has meant to rural people in the Third World. Focusing on local-level agricultural practices in India since the “green revolution” of the 1960s, Akhil Gupta challenges the dichotomy of “developed” and “underdeveloped,” as well as the notion of a monolithic postcolonial condition. In so doing, he advances discussions of modernity in the Third World and offers a new model for future ethnographic scholarship. Based on fieldwork done in the village of Alipur in rural north India from the early 1980s through the 1990s, Postcolonial Developments examines development itself as a post–World War II sociopolitical ideological formation, critiques related policies, and explores the various uses of the concept of the “indigenous” in several discursive contexts. Gupta begins with an analysis of the connections and conflicts between the world food economy, transnational capital, and technological innovations in wheat production. He then examines narratives of village politics in Alipur to show how certain discourses influenced governmental policies on the green revolution. Drawing links between village life, national trends, and global forces, Gupta concludes with a discussion of the implications of environmentalism as exemplified by the Rio Earth Summit and an examination of how global environmental treaties may detrimentally affect the lives of subaltern peoples. With a series of subtle observations on rural politics, nationalism, gender, modernization, and difference, this innovative study capitalizes on many different disciplines: anthropology, sociology, comparative politics, cultural geography, ecology, political science, agricultural economics, and history.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Tradition: A Sociological Perspective.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Beteille, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 33(10): 529–532. March 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{beteille_science_1998,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Tradition}: {A} {Sociological} {Perspective}},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4406496},\n\tabstract = {If the traditions of science are to be revitalised in India, the institutions of teaching and research in the sciences have to be renovated. There is no simple recipe for that. But it is doubtful that the search for glorious antecedents in India's ancient or medieval past will provide any concrete or usable results.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Beteille, Andre},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tkeywords = {India, S\\&T System in India, Science Education, Social History of Science, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {529--532},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n If the traditions of science are to be revitalised in India, the institutions of teaching and research in the sciences have to be renovated. There is no simple recipe for that. But it is doubtful that the search for glorious antecedents in India's ancient or medieval past will provide any concrete or usable results.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n English Mud: Towards a Critical Cultural Studies of Colonial Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Philip, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Balsamo, A., editor(s), Science, Technology and Culture, of Cultural Studies Volume 12 Issue 3, pages 300–331. Routledge, London, 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@incollection{philip_english_1998,\n\taddress = {London},\n\tseries = {Cultural {Studies} {Volume} 12 {Issue} 3},\n\ttitle = {English {Mud}: {Towards} a {Critical} {Cultural} {Studies} of {Colonial} {Science}},\n\tisbn = {9780203988381},\n\tshorttitle = {English {Mud}},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203988381-2/english-mud-towards-critical-cultural-studies-colonial-science-kavita-philip},\n\tabstract = {In order to analyse colonial science as a form of culture, we must tell the multiple, tangled narratives of race, class, gender, nation and scientific progress together. The construction of ideas of nature in British colonies, for instance, intersects with the construction of'primitives', the privatization of land, the scientific management of forests, their products and their inhabitants, and the political economy of global exploration. Excavating archival records of Ootacamund, a British hill station in South India, I read popular narratives of mud, flowers, forests, tribals, plantations, labour, disease and progress. These interlocking narratives must be read together if we are to understand the cultural construction of colonial science as part of a larger system in which a global political economy and a scientific epistemology were being simultaneously legitimated.},\n\tbooktitle = {Science, {Technology} and {Culture}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Philip, Kavita},\n\teditor = {Balsamo, Anne},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tkeywords = {Botany, India, Post colonial Science, Soil Sciences, Tamil Nadu},\n\tpages = {300--331},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In order to analyse colonial science as a form of culture, we must tell the multiple, tangled narratives of race, class, gender, nation and scientific progress together. The construction of ideas of nature in British colonies, for instance, intersects with the construction of'primitives', the privatization of land, the scientific management of forests, their products and their inhabitants, and the political economy of global exploration. Excavating archival records of Ootacamund, a British hill station in South India, I read popular narratives of mud, flowers, forests, tribals, plantations, labour, disease and progress. These interlocking narratives must be read together if we are to understand the cultural construction of colonial science as part of a larger system in which a global political economy and a scientific epistemology were being simultaneously legitimated.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Toward a Global Science: Mining Civilizational Knowledge.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Goonatilake, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indiana University Press, 1998.\n Google-Books-ID: SI5ip95BbgEC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{goonatilake_toward_1998,\n\ttitle = {Toward a {Global} {Science}: {Mining} {Civilizational} {Knowledge}},\n\tisbn = {9780253333889},\n\tshorttitle = {Toward a {Global} {Science}},\n\tabstract = {Asian science such as mathematics, Chinese printing, gunpowder and the compass, all contributed to the development of European science. During the last few centuries, however, scientific contributions with Asian roots have diminished and been marginalized and deligitimised. Yet the center of the world economy today is shifting to Asia with shifts in science and technology bound to follow. Toward a Global Science is driven by the proposition that pre-Renaissance acquisition of Asian knowledge did not exhaust Asian civilizationÕs potential contribution. There are many useful elements to modern science still lying hidden in Asian civilizational stores waiting to be Òmined.Ó The author gives details of recent contributions from South Asian medicine, mathematics, and psychology and explores how South Asian inputs can be useful in navigating the philosophical and ethical problems raised by two dominant technologies of the future, namely biotechnology and information technology. As an illustrative example, it describes how a fruitful marriage of one technologyÑvirtual realityÑwith South Asian philosophy can enliven both the technology as well as philosophy. It also examines how Asian positions could be used to feed some key contemporary philosophical discussions on science. Using a model of the civilizational construction of science, the book views science without Eurocentric blinders. It documents how science was built initially by transfers from non-European civilizations and why the given historiography of science has to be rethought. Throughout the book the author gives examples of Òparallels and antecedentsÓ between East and West in science and estimates the potential reservoir of Asian knowledge in each field. The book also deals with the many knotty problems in recovering science from past traditions. The author distinguishes between his secular efforts from religious and other attempts that claim the equivalence of all knowledge systems.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Indiana University Press},\n\tauthor = {Goonatilake, Susantha},\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: SI5ip95BbgEC},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Colonialism, Postcolonial, Social History of Science, South Asia},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Asian science such as mathematics, Chinese printing, gunpowder and the compass, all contributed to the development of European science. During the last few centuries, however, scientific contributions with Asian roots have diminished and been marginalized and deligitimised. Yet the center of the world economy today is shifting to Asia with shifts in science and technology bound to follow. Toward a Global Science is driven by the proposition that pre-Renaissance acquisition of Asian knowledge did not exhaust Asian civilizationÕs potential contribution. There are many useful elements to modern science still lying hidden in Asian civilizational stores waiting to be Òmined.Ó The author gives details of recent contributions from South Asian medicine, mathematics, and psychology and explores how South Asian inputs can be useful in navigating the philosophical and ethical problems raised by two dominant technologies of the future, namely biotechnology and information technology. As an illustrative example, it describes how a fruitful marriage of one technologyÑvirtual realityÑwith South Asian philosophy can enliven both the technology as well as philosophy. It also examines how Asian positions could be used to feed some key contemporary philosophical discussions on science. Using a model of the civilizational construction of science, the book views science without Eurocentric blinders. It documents how science was built initially by transfers from non-European civilizations and why the given historiography of science has to be rethought. Throughout the book the author gives examples of Òparallels and antecedentsÓ between East and West in science and estimates the potential reservoir of Asian knowledge in each field. The book also deals with the many knotty problems in recovering science from past traditions. The author distinguishes between his secular efforts from religious and other attempts that claim the equivalence of all knowledge systems.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Medicine and the Raj: British Medical Policy in India, 1835-1911.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n SAGE Publications, July 1998.\n Google-Books-ID: Z_7aAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kumar_medicine_1998,\n\ttitle = {Medicine and the {Raj}: {British} {Medical} {Policy} in {India}, 1835-1911},\n\tisbn = {9780761992332},\n\tshorttitle = {Medicine and the {Raj}},\n\tabstract = {An AltaMira Press Book The coming of the British to India marked the entry of 'modern' science and technology into the country and the beginning of the subjugation of traditional scientific systems. The British, in fact, used science and technology as a tool for maintaining and expanding the Empire. Against this background, Dr. Anil Kumar unravels the political linkages and sociological interactions between Western medical science and the British Empire, focusing on the period 1835-1911. The author provides a contemporary critique of the imperialist-nationalist debate on research in medicine and also outlines the course of action the British ought to have taken to ameliorate suffering in India. With its broad sweep, this book will interest historians, political scientists, sociologists, and those involved in studying the interface between science, technology, and society.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Anil},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Z\\_7aAAAAMAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n An AltaMira Press Book The coming of the British to India marked the entry of 'modern' science and technology into the country and the beginning of the subjugation of traditional scientific systems. The British, in fact, used science and technology as a tool for maintaining and expanding the Empire. Against this background, Dr. Anil Kumar unravels the political linkages and sociological interactions between Western medical science and the British Empire, focusing on the period 1835-1911. The author provides a contemporary critique of the imperialist-nationalist debate on research in medicine and also outlines the course of action the British ought to have taken to ameliorate suffering in India. With its broad sweep, this book will interest historians, political scientists, sociologists, and those involved in studying the interface between science, technology, and society.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evolving Perspectives on Science and History: A Chronicle of Modern India's Scientific Enchantment and Disenchantment (1850–1980).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Epistemology, 11(1): 3–24. January 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_evolving_1997,\n\ttitle = {Evolving {Perspectives} on {Science} and {History}: {A} {Chronicle} of {Modern} {India}'s {Scientific} {Enchantment} and {Disenchantment} (1850–1980)},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {0269-1728, 1464-5297},\n\tshorttitle = {Evolving perspectives on science and history},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02691729708578826},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/02691729708578826},\n\tabstract = {This paper chronicles the cycles of scientism and romanticism that structure the discourse on science and technology in India since 1850. However, it does not promise a detailed review of this enormous archive. On the contrary, it aspires to identify the principle concerns, the important interlocutors, the prevalent frameworks and contextualizes them socio‐politically, in both their local and global embodiments. In historical time, as has been suggested elsewhere, the scientism‐romanticism dialectic acquires diversified formulations. This review suggests that in post‐colonial India there has been an attempt to situate science within culture across this essential dichotomy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Social Epistemology},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Sciences, Appropriate Technology, Epistemology, India, New Social Movements, People's Health Movement, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Post colonial Science, Post-Independence India, Science \\& Culture, Science and Democracy, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology},\n\tpages = {3--24},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper chronicles the cycles of scientism and romanticism that structure the discourse on science and technology in India since 1850. However, it does not promise a detailed review of this enormous archive. On the contrary, it aspires to identify the principle concerns, the important interlocutors, the prevalent frameworks and contextualizes them socio‐politically, in both their local and global embodiments. In historical time, as has been suggested elsewhere, the scientism‐romanticism dialectic acquires diversified formulations. This review suggests that in post‐colonial India there has been an attempt to situate science within culture across this essential dichotomy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Memoirs of Ruchi Ram Sahni: Pioneer of Science Popularisation in Punjab.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sehgal, N. K.; and Mahanti, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 1997.\n Google-Books-ID: LDMiGQAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sehgal_memoirs_1997,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Memoirs of {Ruchi} {Ram} {Sahni}: {Pioneer} of {Science} {Popularisation} in {Punjab}},\n\tisbn = {9788174800169},\n\tshorttitle = {Memoirs {Of} {Ruchi} {Ram} {Sahni}},\n\tabstract = {Prof. Ruchi Ram Sahni was a Stalwart in the field of Science and should have been accorded His Rightful Place Among The Likes Of P.C. Ray, J.S Bose-His Contemporaries. But He Remained Unknown As He Spent His Life Popularising Science Among The Common People Instead Of Making Contributions To Research And Discovery. This Book Focuses On Him Make Him Popularly Known. Contents Page Torn At Top End Corner, Text Absolutely Clean, Condition Good.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Sehgal, Narender K. and Mahanti, Subodh},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: LDMiGQAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, India, Memoirs, Sahni, R.R., Scientific Elites},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Prof. Ruchi Ram Sahni was a Stalwart in the field of Science and should have been accorded His Rightful Place Among The Likes Of P.C. Ray, J.S Bose-His Contemporaries. But He Remained Unknown As He Spent His Life Popularising Science Among The Common People Instead Of Making Contributions To Research And Discovery. This Book Focuses On Him Make Him Popularly Known. Contents Page Torn At Top End Corner, Text Absolutely Clean, Condition Good.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Kaleidoscoping Public Understanding of Science on Hygiene, Health and Plague: A Survey in the Aftermath of a Plague Epidemic in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raza, G.; Dutt, B.; and Singh, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Public Understanding of Science, 6(3): 247–267. July 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raza_kaleidoscoping_1997,\n\ttitle = {Kaleidoscoping {Public} {Understanding} of {Science} on {Hygiene}, {Health} and {Plague}: {A} {Survey} in the {Aftermath} of a {Plague} {Epidemic} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0963-6625, 1361-6609},\n\tshorttitle = {Kaleidoscoping public understanding of science on hygiene, health and plague},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1088/0963-6625/6/3/004},\n\tdoi = {10.1088/0963-6625/6/3/004},\n\tabstract = {In September 1994 a plague epidemic hit a number of cities in India. Though the spread of the disease was controlled within a short period of about one month, its influences on various channels of information, on the functioning of government departments (especially health and sanitation), on the scientific community and on people's scientific information level were remarkable. This paper analyses the responses of 1127 individuals interviewed in December 1994. The data indicates high levels of informedness about health, hygiene and plague, with little reference to extra-scientific explanations of the causes of the epidemic. Respondents expressed a high degree of confidence in the modern system of medicine. From this analysis we also infer that the public could not be described as `superstitious', `unscientific' or `unhygienic': only when denied access to information and civic amenities did they show extra-scientific thinking or `unhygienic' behaviour.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-24},\n\tjournal = {Public Understanding of Science},\n\tauthor = {Raza, Gauhar and Dutt, Bharvi and Singh, Surjit},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Epidemics, Hygiene, India, Plague, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Science Communication},\n\tpages = {247--267},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In September 1994 a plague epidemic hit a number of cities in India. Though the spread of the disease was controlled within a short period of about one month, its influences on various channels of information, on the functioning of government departments (especially health and sanitation), on the scientific community and on people's scientific information level were remarkable. This paper analyses the responses of 1127 individuals interviewed in December 1994. The data indicates high levels of informedness about health, hygiene and plague, with little reference to extra-scientific explanations of the causes of the epidemic. Respondents expressed a high degree of confidence in the modern system of medicine. From this analysis we also infer that the public could not be described as `superstitious', `unscientific' or `unhygienic': only when denied access to information and civic amenities did they show extra-scientific thinking or `unhygienic' behaviour.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n From Anti-feudalism to Sustainable Development: The Kerala People's Science Movement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Isaac, T. M. T.; Franke, R. W.; and Parameswaran, M. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 29(3): 34–44. September 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{isaac_anti-feudalism_1997,\n\ttitle = {From {Anti}-feudalism to {Sustainable} {Development}: {The} {Kerala} {People}'s {Science} {Movement}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0007-4810},\n\tshorttitle = {From anti-feudalism to sustainable development},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14672715.1997.10413092},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/14672715.1997.10413092},\n\tabstract = {People's science movements (PSMs) have become an important but little studied recent phenomenon in India. Originating in anticaste thinking of the 1950s, PSMs attempt to popularize nonmystical, scientific thinking, especially among India's rural poor. Many PSMs have evolved into significant centers of activism against social inequality and for environmental protection. The original and largest PSM in India is Kerala's KSSP, with more than 50,000 members. KSSP's history illustrates the changing focus of PSMs and shows that the organization has been able to influence many developments in Kerala over the past 30 years, including protection of the species-rich Silent Valley, improving the schools, promoting discussion of alternative plans for agriculture, industry, and electrical power, campaigning against unsafe drugs, fostering total literacy, installing high-efficiency cooking stoves, and conducting an innovative people's resource mapping campaign. When the 1996 Left Democratic Front Ministry decided to launch a people's campaign for local-level development planning, KSSP became a major mobilizing force for the campaign.\n\nIn recent years, India has witnessed the rise of a number of people's science movements. These movements attempt to popularize science among ordinary people, especially in India's thousands of villages, through lectures, street drama, children's science magazines, and other mechanisms. People's science activists attempt to spread secular attitudes that undermine religious and communal passions such as those that erupted in 1992 with the right-wing Hindu destruction of the Ayodhya Mosque. Toward that end they encourage the adoption of Gandhian-based ideas of Indian self-reliance, independence from major power blocks, and local development initiatives.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars},\n\tauthor = {Isaac, T. M. Thomas and Franke, Richard W. and Parameswaran, M. P.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Kerala, Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Radical Science Movements, Social Movements},\n\tpages = {34--44},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n People's science movements (PSMs) have become an important but little studied recent phenomenon in India. Originating in anticaste thinking of the 1950s, PSMs attempt to popularize nonmystical, scientific thinking, especially among India's rural poor. Many PSMs have evolved into significant centers of activism against social inequality and for environmental protection. The original and largest PSM in India is Kerala's KSSP, with more than 50,000 members. KSSP's history illustrates the changing focus of PSMs and shows that the organization has been able to influence many developments in Kerala over the past 30 years, including protection of the species-rich Silent Valley, improving the schools, promoting discussion of alternative plans for agriculture, industry, and electrical power, campaigning against unsafe drugs, fostering total literacy, installing high-efficiency cooking stoves, and conducting an innovative people's resource mapping campaign. When the 1996 Left Democratic Front Ministry decided to launch a people's campaign for local-level development planning, KSSP became a major mobilizing force for the campaign. In recent years, India has witnessed the rise of a number of people's science movements. These movements attempt to popularize science among ordinary people, especially in India's thousands of villages, through lectures, street drama, children's science magazines, and other mechanisms. People's science activists attempt to spread secular attitudes that undermine religious and communal passions such as those that erupted in 1992 with the right-wing Hindu destruction of the Ayodhya Mosque. Toward that end they encourage the adoption of Gandhian-based ideas of Indian self-reliance, independence from major power blocks, and local development initiatives.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n History Of Technology In India Vol I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 AD.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bag, A.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 1 Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bag_history_1997,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {History {Of} {Technology} {In} {India} {Vol} {I}: {From} {Antiquity} to c. 1200 {AD}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.205662},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tpublisher = {Indian National Science Academy},\n\teditor = {Bag, A.K.},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Social History of Technology, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Technology and Dialectics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 32(13): 651–656. March 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyabji_technology_1997,\n\ttitle = {Technology and {Dialectics}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tabstract = {The industrial revolution was defined by the phenomenon of the application of systematically acquired knowledge (of thermodynamics) to the improvement of production methods (the steam engine). The implications of this lay, decisively, in opening the area of knowledge of production methods, in general, to human enquiry. This was given the (refurbished) name of technology, and accorded a central role in the dialectics of capitalism. Later, the 1931 International Conference on the History of Science and Technology formulated key ideas in the dialectics of technology. This groundwork laid the basis for substantial advances in the history of technology in the subsequent years. However, inadequate theoretical elaboration of the institutional forms in which technological knowledge is commercialised has created the space for the growth of arcane theories of technology, which attribute to it a malignant agency. The emotive appeal of these theories is indicative of the reality: the results of the post-1945 scientific and technological revolution are expressed in forms structured by a transnational-dominated world economy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {13},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Industrial Revolution, Marxism \\& Science, Needham, Joesph, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {651--656},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The industrial revolution was defined by the phenomenon of the application of systematically acquired knowledge (of thermodynamics) to the improvement of production methods (the steam engine). The implications of this lay, decisively, in opening the area of knowledge of production methods, in general, to human enquiry. This was given the (refurbished) name of technology, and accorded a central role in the dialectics of capitalism. Later, the 1931 International Conference on the History of Science and Technology formulated key ideas in the dialectics of technology. This groundwork laid the basis for substantial advances in the history of technology in the subsequent years. However, inadequate theoretical elaboration of the institutional forms in which technological knowledge is commercialised has created the space for the growth of arcane theories of technology, which attribute to it a malignant agency. The emotive appeal of these theories is indicative of the reality: the results of the post-1945 scientific and technological revolution are expressed in forms structured by a transnational-dominated world economy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Science Wars in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Dissent, (Winter). 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{nanda_science_1997,\n\ttitle = {The {Science} {Wars} in {India}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {Winter},\n\tjournal = {Dissent},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemology, India, Marxism \\& Science, Postmodernism, Science War, Sokal's Hoax},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sokal's Hoax and Tensions in Scientific Left.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chadha, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 32(35): 2194–2196. August 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chadha_sokals_1997,\n\ttitle = {Sokal's {Hoax} and {Tensions} in {Scientific} {Left}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\turl = {https://physics.nyu.edu/sokal/chadha_1997.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Though apparently an attack on a specific genre of writing in the social sciences, i e, the post-modernist one, the focus of Alan Sokal's hoax extends over the entire methodological debate in science, natural\n and social. It also extends over the entire range of science critiques that seek to reinterpret the canons of mainstream modern science. However, these critiques of science, it is argued here, cannot simply be pushed into the political left or right nor can they be interpreted as pro- or anti-science - which is what Sokal's position finally amounts to.},\n\tnumber = {35},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Chadha, Gita},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemology, India, Marxism \\& Science, Postmodernism, Science War, Sokal's Hoax},\n\tpages = {2194--2196},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Though apparently an attack on a specific genre of writing in the social sciences, i e, the post-modernist one, the focus of Alan Sokal's hoax extends over the entire methodological debate in science, natural and social. It also extends over the entire range of science critiques that seek to reinterpret the canons of mainstream modern science. However, these critiques of science, it is argued here, cannot simply be pushed into the political left or right nor can they be interpreted as pro- or anti-science - which is what Sokal's position finally amounts to.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Edney, M. H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{edney_mapping_1997,\n\taddress = {Chicago},\n\ttitle = {Mapping an {Empire}:\nThe {Geographical} {Construction} of {British} {India}, 1765-1843},\n\tisbn = {9780226184876},\n\tshorttitle = {Mapping an {Empire}},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo3683502.html},\n\tabstract = {In this fascinating history of the British surveys of India, Matthew H. Edney relates how imperial Britain used modern survey techniques to not only create and define the spatial image of its Empire, but also to legitimate its colonialist activities.\n\nEnglish\nAuthor:Matthew H. Edney\nFrom James Rennell's survey of Bengal (1765-71) to George Everest's retirement in 1843 as surveyor general of India, geography served in the front lines of the British East India Company's territorial and intellectual conquest of South Asia. In this history of the British surveys of India, focusing especially on the Great Trigonometrical Survey (GTS) undertaken by the Company, Matthew H. Edney relates how imperial Britain employed modern scientific survey techniques not only to create and define the spatial image of its Indian empire but also to legitimate its colonialist activities as triumphs of liberal, rational science bringing "civilization" to irrational, mystical, and despotic Indians. The reshaping of cartographic technologies in Europe into their modern form, including the adoption of the technique of triangulation (known at the time as "trigonometrical survey") at the beginning of the nineteenth century, played a key role in the use of the GTS as an instrument of British cartographic control over India. In analyzing this reconfiguration, Edney undertakes the first detailed, critical analysis of the foundations of modern cartography. The success of these new techniques in mapping British India depended on the character of the East India Company as a gatherer and controller of information, on its patronage system, and on the working conditions of surveyors in the field. Drawing on a wealth of data from the Company's vast archives, Edney shows how these institutional constraints undermined the GTS and destabilized this high point of Victorian science to the point of reducing it to "cartographic anarchy". Thus, although the GTS served at the time to legitimate British rule in India, its failure can now be seen as a metaphor for British India itself: an outward veneer of imperial potency covering an uncertain and ultimately weak core.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {The University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Edney, Matthew H.},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Cartography, Colonial History, Colonial India, Colonial Science, Geography, Governmentality, India, Maps, Science and State, Scientific Practice},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n In this fascinating history of the British surveys of India, Matthew H. Edney relates how imperial Britain used modern survey techniques to not only create and define the spatial image of its Empire, but also to legitimate its colonialist activities. English Author:Matthew H. Edney From James Rennell's survey of Bengal (1765-71) to George Everest's retirement in 1843 as surveyor general of India, geography served in the front lines of the British East India Company's territorial and intellectual conquest of South Asia. In this history of the British surveys of India, focusing especially on the Great Trigonometrical Survey (GTS) undertaken by the Company, Matthew H. Edney relates how imperial Britain employed modern scientific survey techniques not only to create and define the spatial image of its Indian empire but also to legitimate its colonialist activities as triumphs of liberal, rational science bringing \"civilization\" to irrational, mystical, and despotic Indians. The reshaping of cartographic technologies in Europe into their modern form, including the adoption of the technique of triangulation (known at the time as \"trigonometrical survey\") at the beginning of the nineteenth century, played a key role in the use of the GTS as an instrument of British cartographic control over India. In analyzing this reconfiguration, Edney undertakes the first detailed, critical analysis of the foundations of modern cartography. The success of these new techniques in mapping British India depended on the character of the East India Company as a gatherer and controller of information, on its patronage system, and on the working conditions of surveyors in the field. Drawing on a wealth of data from the Company's vast archives, Edney shows how these institutional constraints undermined the GTS and destabilized this high point of Victorian science to the point of reducing it to \"cartographic anarchy\". Thus, although the GTS served at the time to legitimate British rule in India, its failure can now be seen as a metaphor for British India itself: an outward veneer of imperial potency covering an uncertain and ultimately weak core.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Technology and Counter Hegemony — Some Reflections on the Contemporary Science Movements in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishna, V. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Shinn, T.; Spaapen, J.; and Krishna, V. V., editor(s), Science and Technology in a Developing World, pages 375–411. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{krishna_science_1997,\n\taddress = {Dordrecht},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Technology} and {Counter} {Hegemony} — {Some} {Reflections} on the {Contemporary} {Science} {Movements} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9789401729482},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2948-2_13},\n\tabstract = {Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad (KSSP) as a counter hegemonic movement.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-12},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Technology} in a {Developing} {World}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Netherlands},\n\tauthor = {Krishna, V. V.},\n\teditor = {Shinn, Terry and Spaapen, Jack and Krishna, Venni V.},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-94-017-2948-2_13},\n\tkeywords = {Bernal, John Desmond, Gandhi \\& Science, Kerala, Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Radical Science Movements, Science and Democracy, Science and Environment, Social History of Science, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {375--411},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad (KSSP) as a counter hegemonic movement.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Big Science and the University in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; and Jain, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Krige, J.; and Pestre, D., editor(s), Science in the Twentieth Century, pages Chapter 44. Routledge, 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n
\n\n\n@incollection{raina_big_1997,\n\ttitle = {Big {Science} and the {University} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781315079097},\n\tabstract = {For the historian of science, as much as for the historian of education, it would be a matter of wonderment that towards the end of the twentieth century the community of scientists in India are as perplexed by the status of the university as an examining body, as were their forbears a century ago. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, a burgeoning community of scientists in colonial India strived for the inclusion of research in the charter of university education. The source of inspiration, as elsewhere, was the German university. Almost a century after the processes that resulted in the formation of an elaborate academic research system had been inaugurated, the role of the university continues to be a subject of heated discussion. In fact, a currently raging polemic relates to a proposal for the establishment of a National Science University in India. The present chapter chronicles the evolution of the academic and the scientific research systems. The dualism, it is suggested, currently characterizing the institutions of the scientific and technological research system was structured by the requirements of a rapidly evolving knowledge form as much as by the imperatives of the modern post-colonial state.},\n\tbooktitle = {Science in the {Twentieth} {Century}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and Jain, Ashok},\n\teditor = {Krige, John and Pestre, Dominique},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, India, Nation State, Nehruvian Science, Research Environment, Research collaboration, Social History of Knowledge, University},\n\tpages = {Chapter 44},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n For the historian of science, as much as for the historian of education, it would be a matter of wonderment that towards the end of the twentieth century the community of scientists in India are as perplexed by the status of the university as an examining body, as were their forbears a century ago. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, a burgeoning community of scientists in colonial India strived for the inclusion of research in the charter of university education. The source of inspiration, as elsewhere, was the German university. Almost a century after the processes that resulted in the formation of an elaborate academic research system had been inaugurated, the role of the university continues to be a subject of heated discussion. In fact, a currently raging polemic relates to a proposal for the establishment of a National Science University in India. The present chapter chronicles the evolution of the academic and the scientific research systems. The dualism, it is suggested, currently characterizing the institutions of the scientific and technological research system was structured by the requirements of a rapidly evolving knowledge form as much as by the imperatives of the modern post-colonial state.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Secrecy in Making of Postcolonial State.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 32(33/34): 2136–2146. August 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{abraham_science_1997,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Secrecy} in {Making} of {Postcolonial} {State}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tabstract = {While much is made about the current status of India as a nuclear power very little is known about the histories which enabled this fateful outcome. This article fills the remarkable gap in our knowledge of the history of the Indian atomic energy commission, especially the period between 1947 and the early 1960s, when the AEC's shift from a civilian development-related enterprise to a national security agency was made. However, rather than see the atomic energy enterprise as an independent state activity, the article treats atomic energy as a key part of the larger effort of the postcolonial state to create a new site of legitimacy for itself after independence. Driven by the state's crisis of ideology, it is argued that the history of the AEC is embedded within a time/space dialectic captured by the terms urgency and secrecy which reinforce each other in an unstable dynamic and which cannot be sustained.},\n\tnumber = {33/34},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Itty},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Atomic Energy Corporation (AEC), India, Nuclear energy, Nuclear weapons},\n\tpages = {2136--2146},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n While much is made about the current status of India as a nuclear power very little is known about the histories which enabled this fateful outcome. This article fills the remarkable gap in our knowledge of the history of the Indian atomic energy commission, especially the period between 1947 and the early 1960s, when the AEC's shift from a civilian development-related enterprise to a national security agency was made. However, rather than see the atomic energy enterprise as an independent state activity, the article treats atomic energy as a key part of the larger effort of the postcolonial state to create a new site of legitimacy for itself after independence. Driven by the state's crisis of ideology, it is argued that the history of the AEC is embedded within a time/space dialectic captured by the terms urgency and secrecy which reinforce each other in an unstable dynamic and which cannot be sustained.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Young P.C. Ray and the Inauguration of the Social History of Science in India (1885-1907).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, Technology and Society, 2(1): 1–39. March 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raina_young_1997,\n\ttitle = {The {Young} {P}.{C}. {Ray} and the {Inauguration} of the {Social} {History} of {Science} in {India} (1885-1907)},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0971-7218, 0973-0796},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/097172189700200101},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/097172189700200101},\n\tabstract = {This paper discusses two projects in the early life of the Indian chemist, P. C. Ray, rightfully considered the founder of the 'school of chemistry' in modern India. Ray scholarship has often considered these years of his life as important from the point of view of an appreciation of the history of alchemy in India, but not in terms of his scientific contributions. It is only after 1907 that the Ray legend became the subject of serious scientific consideration. This paper discusses Ray's evolution till 1907, by examining the relationship between his project on the history of chemistry in India and his scientific researches on mercury. Further, it goes on to suggest that this effort was part of the larger programme of the cultural legitimation of modern science, and the two projects otherwise considered distinct, mutually informed each other during these years. While identifying the context of Ray's project, this exercise in social epistemology locates the factors that have clouded the recognition of the thematic unity of Ray's endeavour.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {Science, Technology and Society},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Alchemy, History of Chemistry, PC Ray, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {1--39},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper discusses two projects in the early life of the Indian chemist, P. C. Ray, rightfully considered the founder of the 'school of chemistry' in modern India. Ray scholarship has often considered these years of his life as important from the point of view of an appreciation of the history of alchemy in India, but not in terms of his scientific contributions. It is only after 1907 that the Ray legend became the subject of serious scientific consideration. This paper discusses Ray's evolution till 1907, by examining the relationship between his project on the history of chemistry in India and his scientific researches on mercury. Further, it goes on to suggest that this effort was part of the larger programme of the cultural legitimation of modern science, and the two projects otherwise considered distinct, mutually informed each other during these years. While identifying the context of Ray's project, this exercise in social epistemology locates the factors that have clouded the recognition of the thematic unity of Ray's endeavour.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dying Wisdom: Rise, Fall and Potential of India's Traditional Water Harvesting Systems.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Agarwal, A.; and Narain, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi, 1997.\n Google-Books-ID: x80RAQAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{agarwal_dying_1997,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Dying {Wisdom}: {Rise}, {Fall} and {Potential} of {India}'s {Traditional} {Water} {Harvesting} {Systems}},\n\tisbn = {9788186906071},\n\tshorttitle = {Dying {Wisdom}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Centre for Science and Environment},\n\tauthor = {Agarwal, Anil and Narain, Sunita},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: x80RAQAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental History, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Dam and the Nation: Displacement and Resettlement in the Narmada Valley.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Drèze, J.; Samson, M.; and Singh, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{dreze_dam_1997,\n\ttitle = {The {Dam} and the {Nation}: {Displacement} and {Resettlement} in the {Narmada} {Valley}},\n\tisbn = {9780195640045},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Dam} and the {Nation}},\n\tabstract = {This volume investigates the problem of displacement and resettlement in the Narmada valley in all its aspects. Based on wide-ranging empirical evidence, the authors present a telling picture of the resettlement situation and its political antecedents. They also offer contrasting viewpoints on the scope for positive change in this crucial field. Besides being important in its own right, this investigation also has much relevance as a case study of the general problems involved in development-induced displacement.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Drèze, Jean and Samson, Meera and Singh, Satyajit},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental Policy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This volume investigates the problem of displacement and resettlement in the Narmada valley in all its aspects. Based on wide-ranging empirical evidence, the authors present a telling picture of the resettlement situation and its political antecedents. They also offer contrasting viewpoints on the scope for positive change in this crucial field. Besides being important in its own right, this investigation also has much relevance as a case study of the general problems involved in development-induced displacement.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Public Patronage and Political Neutrality in Agricultural Research: Lessons from British Experience.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, R. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 32(39): 2473–2485. 1997.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raina_public_1997,\n\ttitle = {Public {Patronage} and {Political} {Neutrality} in {Agricultural} {Research}: {Lessons} from {British} {Experience}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tissn = {0012-9976},\n\tshorttitle = {Public {Patronage} and {Political} {Neutrality} in {Agricultural} {Research}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4405900},\n\tabstract = {This paper takes a fresh look at the evolution of the agricultural scientist and the public patronage of agricultural science in the developed nations, a significant by-product of the capitalist transformation of agriculture. The objective here is to examine how these institutions and actors in their new contexts within less developed economies, are endowed with the legacy of their evolution in capitalist agricultural contexts. The author argues that this legacy hampers effective functioning of these institutions and actors in serving the cause of development in their new contexts.},\n\tnumber = {39},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Rajeswari S.},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tpages = {2473--2485},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper takes a fresh look at the evolution of the agricultural scientist and the public patronage of agricultural science in the developed nations, a significant by-product of the capitalist transformation of agriculture. The objective here is to examine how these institutions and actors in their new contexts within less developed economies, are endowed with the legacy of their evolution in capitalist agricultural contexts. The author argues that this legacy hampers effective functioning of these institutions and actors in serving the cause of development in their new contexts.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A Carnival for Science: Essays on Science, Technology, and Development.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Visvanathan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1997.\n Google-Books-ID: KLvaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{visvanathan_carnival_1997,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {A {Carnival} for {Science}: {Essays} on {Science}, {Technology}, and {Development}},\n\tisbn = {9780195638660},\n\tshorttitle = {A {Carnival} for {Science}},\n\tabstract = {This provocative and passionate book contains a critique of science. The author argues that violence is encoded in the world view of science and that development is not unequivocally humanitarian, but often genocidal.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Visvanathan, Shiv},\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: KLvaAAAAMAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This provocative and passionate book contains a critique of science. The author argues that violence is encoded in the world view of science and that development is not unequivocally humanitarian, but often genocidal.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1996\n \n \n (17)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Christian Confessions and Styles of Science in Nineteenth-Century Bengal: Their Impact on the Emergence of the Social Sciences in Britain.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raj, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Roland, W.; and Petitjean, P., editor(s), Les Sciences Hors d'Occident au 20ème Siècle: Les Sciences Coloniales: Figures et Institutions, pages 285–297. ORSTOM, Paris, 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@incollection{raj_christian_1996,\n\taddress = {Paris},\n\ttitle = {Christian {Confessions} and {Styles} of {Science} in {Nineteenth}-{Century} {Bengal}: {Their} {Impact} on the {Emergence} of the {Social} {Sciences} in {Britain}},\n\tisbn = {2-7099-1294-5},\n\turl = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010008844},\n\tabstract = {"In this paper, I would like to illustrate some of the difficulties of looking at science as a monolithic block, ... turning my attention away from "non-Western" scientific practices or, ... scientific practices "beyond the Metropolis": instead, I shall here turn to the "West" or the "Metropolis" itself and try and bring to the fore the different conceptions and practices that the terms "knowledge'' and "science" covered in various British practices in India in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.... Building on the assertion that through European colonisation, "India - and the world -were added as a laboratory to the edifice of modern science" (...), this paper tries to elaborate on the\nmeaning of this statement: laboratory studies have already taught us that there is no clear divide between the context and content of the laboratory during the course of an experiment, one of the main consequences of the successful experiment being precisely\na clear determination as to what counts as context and what as content (...). It will thus try and show some of the difficulties involved, in scientific matters, in trying to separate subject from object and observer from observed: the objects that went into and emerged\nfrom the laboratory did not affect just the Other - at times at least, the material input and output was also the Us (or, from my personal standpoint, the Other)."\n\n[From the introduction of the chapter)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\turldate = {2025-11-14},\n\tbooktitle = {Les {Sciences} {Hors} d'{Occident} au 20ème {Siècle}: {Les} {Sciences} {Coloniales}: {Figures} et {Institutions}},\n\tpublisher = {ORSTOM},\n\tauthor = {Raj, Kapil},\n\teditor = {Roland, Waast and Petitjean, Patrick},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {British Empire, British India, Christian Missionaries, Colonialism, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Religion \\& Science, Social History of Knowledge},\n\tpages = {285--297},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \"In this paper, I would like to illustrate some of the difficulties of looking at science as a monolithic block, ... turning my attention away from \"non-Western\" scientific practices or, ... scientific practices \"beyond the Metropolis\": instead, I shall here turn to the \"West\" or the \"Metropolis\" itself and try and bring to the fore the different conceptions and practices that the terms \"knowledge'' and \"science\" covered in various British practices in India in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.... Building on the assertion that through European colonisation, \"India - and the world -were added as a laboratory to the edifice of modern science\" (...), this paper tries to elaborate on the meaning of this statement: laboratory studies have already taught us that there is no clear divide between the context and content of the laboratory during the course of an experiment, one of the main consequences of the successful experiment being precisely a clear determination as to what counts as context and what as content (...). It will thus try and show some of the difficulties involved, in scientific matters, in trying to separate subject from object and observer from observed: the objects that went into and emerged from the laboratory did not affect just the Other - at times at least, the material input and output was also the Us (or, from my personal standpoint, the Other).\" [From the introduction of the chapter)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n White, D. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{white_alchemical_1996,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\ttitle = {The {Alchemical} {Body}: {Siddha} {Traditions} in {Medieval} {India}},\n\tisbn = {0-22-89497-5},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Alchemical} {Body}},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo3683579.html},\n\tabstract = {The Alchemical Body excavates and centers within its Indian context the lost tradition of the medieval Siddhas. Working from previously unexplored alchemical sources, David Gordon White demonstrates for the first time that the medieval disciplines of Hindu alchemy and hatha yoga were practiced by one and the same people, and that they can be understood only when viewed together. White opens the way to a new and more comprehensive understanding of medieval Indian mysticism, within the broader context of south Asian Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Islam."White proves a skillful guide in disentangling historical and theoretical complexities that have thus far bedeviled the study of these influential aspects of medieval Indian culture."—Yoga World"Anyone seriously interested in finding out more about authentic tantra, original hatha yoga, embodied liberation . . . sacred sexuality, paranormal abilities, healing, and of course alchemy will find White’s extraordinary book as fascinating as any Tom Clancy thriller."—Georg Feuerstein, Yoga Journal},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {White, David Gordon},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Medicine, Body, Budhism, Hinduism, Islam/Muslim, Jainism, Medieval India, Religion \\& Science, Sidha Medicine, Tamil Nadu, Traditional Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Alchemical Body excavates and centers within its Indian context the lost tradition of the medieval Siddhas. Working from previously unexplored alchemical sources, David Gordon White demonstrates for the first time that the medieval disciplines of Hindu alchemy and hatha yoga were practiced by one and the same people, and that they can be understood only when viewed together. White opens the way to a new and more comprehensive understanding of medieval Indian mysticism, within the broader context of south Asian Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Islam.\"White proves a skillful guide in disentangling historical and theoretical complexities that have thus far bedeviled the study of these influential aspects of medieval Indian culture.\"—Yoga World\"Anyone seriously interested in finding out more about authentic tantra, original hatha yoga, embodied liberation . . . sacred sexuality, paranormal abilities, healing, and of course alchemy will find White’s extraordinary book as fascinating as any Tom Clancy thriller.\"—Georg Feuerstein, Yoga Journal\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Rustless Wonder: A Study of the Iron Pillar at Delhi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Anantharaman, T. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, 1996.\n Google-Books-ID: 2wxuAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{anantharaman_rustless_1996,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Rustless} {Wonder}: {A} {Study} of the {Iron} {Pillar} at {Delhi}},\n\tisbn = {9788174800152},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Rustless} {Wonder}},\n\tabstract = {[Not available]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vigyan Prasar},\n\tauthor = {Anantharaman, T. R.},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 2wxuAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Delhi, Metallurgy, Traditional Knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n [Not available]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reconfiguring the Centre: The Structure of Scientific Exchanges between Colonial India and Europe.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Minerva, 34(2): 161–176. June 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_reconfiguring_1996,\n\ttitle = {Reconfiguring the {Centre}: {The} {Structure} of {Scientific} {Exchanges} between {Colonial} {India} and {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tissn = {1573-1871},\n\tshorttitle = {Reconfiguring the centre},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122899},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00122899},\n\tabstract = {The “centre-periphery” relationship historically structured scientific exchanges between metropolis and province, between the fount of empire and its outposts. But the exchange, if regarded merely as a one-way flow of scientific information, ignores both the politics of knowledge and the nature of its appropriation. Arguably, imperial structures do not entirely determine scientific practices and the exchange of knowledge. Several factors neutralise the over-determining influence of politics—and possibly also the normative values of science—on scientific practice.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Minerva},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {Basalla, George, Colonialism, Historiographies, India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Scientific Exchange, Scientific Practice, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {161--176},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The “centre-periphery” relationship historically structured scientific exchanges between metropolis and province, between the fount of empire and its outposts. But the exchange, if regarded merely as a one-way flow of scientific information, ignores both the politics of knowledge and the nature of its appropriation. Arguably, imperial structures do not entirely determine scientific practices and the exchange of knowledge. Several factors neutralise the over-determining influence of politics—and possibly also the normative values of science—on scientific practice.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Poisons, Putrescence and the Weather: A Genealogy of the Advent of Tropical Medicine.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Naraindas, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Contributions to Indian Sociology, 30(1): 1–35. May 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{naraindas_poisons_1996,\n\ttitle = {Poisons, {Putrescence} and the {Weather}: {A} {Genealogy} of the {Advent} of {Tropical} {Medicine}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0069-9659, 0973-0648},\n\tshorttitle = {Poisons, putrescence and the weather},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/006996679603000101},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/006996679603000101},\n\tabstract = {This paper attempts to problematise the founding of 'Tropical Medicine' in the late 19th century as a classificatory act by posing a question: why was the discipline founded when it was and not earlier? In the process, it offers an alternate genealogy of its advent by arguing for a mid-19th century episteme, in terms of fevers, the constitution of the body, and the weather-in originating fevers and in predisposing the body towards disease—both in the temperates and the tropics, as being crucial to an understanding of the discourse on the tropics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Contributions to Indian Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Naraindas, Harish},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, History of Disciplines, India, Traditional knowledge, tropical medicince},\n\tpages = {1--35},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper attempts to problematise the founding of 'Tropical Medicine' in the late 19th century as a classificatory act by posing a question: why was the discipline founded when it was and not earlier? In the process, it offers an alternate genealogy of its advent by arguing for a mid-19th century episteme, in terms of fevers, the constitution of the body, and the weather-in originating fevers and in predisposing the body towards disease—both in the temperates and the tropics, as being crucial to an understanding of the discourse on the tropics.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Warm Climates and Western Medicine: The Emergence of Tropical Medicine, 1500-1900.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arnold, D.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Rodopi, Amsterdam & Atlanta, GA, 1996.\n Google-Books-ID: bd8eEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{arnold_warm_1996,\n\taddress = {Amsterdam \\& Atlanta, GA},\n\ttitle = {Warm {Climates} and {Western} {Medicine}: {The} {Emergence} of {Tropical} {Medicine}, 1500-1900},\n\tisbn = {9789004418448},\n\tshorttitle = {Warm {Climates} and {Western} {Medicine}},\n\tabstract = {It is generally assumed that tropical medicine only emerged as a medical specialism in the late nineteenth century under the aegis of men like Patrick Manson and Ronald Ross. However, recent research (much of it brought together for the first time in this volume) shows that a distinctive medicine of 'warm climates' came into existence much earlier in areas like the West-Indies, Indonesia and India. Europeans' health needs were one imperative, but this was more than just the medicine of Europe shipped overseas. Contact with non-Western medical ideas and practices was also a stimulus, as was Europe's encounter with unfamiliar environments and peoples. These essays provide valuable insights into the early history of tropical medicine and from the standpoint of several European powers. They examine the kinds of medicine practised, the responses to local diseases and environments and diseases, the nature of the medical constituencies that developed, and the relationship between the old medicine of 'warm climates' and the emerging tropical medicine of the late nineteenth century. The volume as a whole expands the parameters for the discussion of the evolution of Western medicine and opens up new perspectives on European science and society overseas.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Rodopi},\n\teditor = {Arnold, David},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: bd8eEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Cholera, Dutch, Global Histroy, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Professional Network, Social History of Medicine, Tropical Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n It is generally assumed that tropical medicine only emerged as a medical specialism in the late nineteenth century under the aegis of men like Patrick Manson and Ronald Ross. However, recent research (much of it brought together for the first time in this volume) shows that a distinctive medicine of 'warm climates' came into existence much earlier in areas like the West-Indies, Indonesia and India. Europeans' health needs were one imperative, but this was more than just the medicine of Europe shipped overseas. Contact with non-Western medical ideas and practices was also a stimulus, as was Europe's encounter with unfamiliar environments and peoples. These essays provide valuable insights into the early history of tropical medicine and from the standpoint of several European powers. They examine the kinds of medicine practised, the responses to local diseases and environments and diseases, the nature of the medical constituencies that developed, and the relationship between the old medicine of 'warm climates' and the emerging tropical medicine of the late nineteenth century. The volume as a whole expands the parameters for the discussion of the evolution of Western medicine and opens up new perspectives on European science and society overseas.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cohn, B. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., September 1996.\n Google-Books-ID: uIalYaenrTkC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{cohn_colonialism_1996,\n\taddress = {Princeton, N.J.},\n\ttitle = {Colonialism and {Its} {Forms} of {Knowledge}: {The} {British} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780691000435},\n\tshorttitle = {Colonialism and {Its} {Forms} of {Knowledge}},\n\tabstract = {Bernard Cohn's interest in the construction of Empire as an intellectual and cultural phenomenon has set the agenda for the academic study of modern Indian culture for over two decades. His earlier publications have shown how dramatic British innovations in India, including revenue and legal systems, led to fundamental structural changes in Indian social relations. This collection of his writings in the last fifteen years discusses areas in which the colonial impact has generally been overlooked. The essays form a multifaceted exploration of the ways in which the British discovery, collection, and codification of information about Indian society contributed to colonial cultural hegemony and political control. Cohn argues that the British Orientalists' study of Indian languages was important to the colonial project of control and command. He also asserts that an arena of colonial power that seemed most benign and most susceptible to indigenous influences--mostly law--in fact became responsible for the institutional reactivation of peculiarly British notions about how to regulate a colonial society made up of "others." He shows how the very Orientalist imagination that led to brilliant antiquarian collections, archaeological finds, and photographic forays were in fact forms of constructing an India that could be better packaged, inferiorized, and ruled. A final essay on cloth suggests how clothes have been part of the history of both colonialism and anticolonialism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Princeton University Press},\n\tauthor = {Cohn, Bernard S.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: uIalYaenrTkC},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial History, Colonial India, Colonial Science, Governmentality, Hegemony, India, Orientalism, Postcolonial, Power/knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Bernard Cohn's interest in the construction of Empire as an intellectual and cultural phenomenon has set the agenda for the academic study of modern Indian culture for over two decades. His earlier publications have shown how dramatic British innovations in India, including revenue and legal systems, led to fundamental structural changes in Indian social relations. This collection of his writings in the last fifteen years discusses areas in which the colonial impact has generally been overlooked. The essays form a multifaceted exploration of the ways in which the British discovery, collection, and codification of information about Indian society contributed to colonial cultural hegemony and political control. Cohn argues that the British Orientalists' study of Indian languages was important to the colonial project of control and command. He also asserts that an arena of colonial power that seemed most benign and most susceptible to indigenous influences–mostly law–in fact became responsible for the institutional reactivation of peculiarly British notions about how to regulate a colonial society made up of \"others.\" He shows how the very Orientalist imagination that led to brilliant antiquarian collections, archaeological finds, and photographic forays were in fact forms of constructing an India that could be better packaged, inferiorized, and ruled. A final essay on cloth suggests how clothes have been part of the history of both colonialism and anticolonialism.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The ‘Culture’ of Science and Colonial Culture, India 1820–1920.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The British Journal for the History of Science, 29(2): 195–209. June 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{kumar_culture_1996,\n\ttitle = {The ‘{Culture}’ of {Science} and {Colonial} {Culture}, {India} 1820–1920},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {1474-001X, 0007-0874},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-for-the-history-of-science/article/culture-of-science-and-colonial-culture-india-18201920/D0257BFD5F9289F8CE9522EB1533091A},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0007087400034221},\n\tabstract = {The culture of science is deeply influenced and conditioned by the socio-political realities of both time and locale. Pre-colonial India, for example, was no tabula rasa. It had a vigorous tradition in at least the realms of mathematics, astronomy and medicine. But gradual colonization made a big dent. It brought forth a massive cultural collision which influenced profoundly the cognitive and material existence of both the colonizer and the colonized.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {The British Journal for the History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {195--209},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The culture of science is deeply influenced and conditioned by the socio-political realities of both time and locale. Pre-colonial India, for example, was no tabula rasa. It had a vigorous tradition in at least the realms of mathematics, astronomy and medicine. But gradual colonization made a big dent. It brought forth a massive cultural collision which influenced profoundly the cognitive and material existence of both the colonizer and the colonized.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Elite Public Opinion and Nuclear Weapons Policy in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cortright, D.; and Mattoo, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asian Survey, 36(6): 545–560. June 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{cortright_elite_1996,\n\ttitle = {Elite {Public} {Opinion} and {Nuclear} {Weapons} {Policy} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2645790},\n\tabstract = {(Not availble)},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Asian Survey},\n\tauthor = {Cortright, David and Mattoo, Amitabh},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {Defense research, India, Military, National Security, Nuclear weapons, Public sphere, Publics, Science and Democracy, Scientific elites, Technocracy, War},\n\tpages = {545--560},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not availble)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Confronting the Nuclear Power Structure in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Martin, B.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Martin, B., editor(s), Confronting the Experts, pages 155–174. State University of New York Press, Albany, April 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{martin_confronting_1996,\n\taddress = {Albany},\n\ttitle = {Confronting the {Nuclear} {Power} {Structure} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9781438412016},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Confronting the {Experts}},\n\tpublisher = {State University of New York Press},\n\teditor = {Martin, Brian},\n\tcollaborator = {Sharma, Dhirendra},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {India, Memoirs, Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear energy, Nuclear weapons, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T System in India, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {155--174},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science between the Lines.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prakash, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Amin, S.; and Chakrabarty, D., editor(s), Writings on South Asian History and Society, volume 09, of Subaltern Studies, pages 59–82. Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{prakash_science_1996,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\tseries = {Subaltern {Studies}},\n\ttitle = {Science between the {Lines}},\n\tvolume = {09},\n\tisbn = {9780195643343},\n\turl = {https://lib.ugent.be/en/catalog/rug01:001877468},\n\tabstract = {(not availabe)},\n\tlanguage = {en.},\n\tbooktitle = {Writings on {South} {Asian} {History} and {Society}},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Prakash, Gyan},\n\teditor = {Amin, Shahid and Chakrabarty, Dipesh},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, India, Postcolonial, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science, Subaltern Studies},\n\tpages = {59--82},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n (not availabe)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Moral Legitimation of Modern Science: Bhadralok Reflections on Theories of Evolution.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; and Habib, S. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Studies of Science, 26(1): 9–42. February 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raina_moral_1996,\n\ttitle = {The {Moral} {Legitimation} of {Modern} {Science}: {Bhadralok} {Reflections} on {Theories} of {Evolution}},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0306-3127, 1460-3659},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Moral} {Legitimation} of {Modern} {Science}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/030631296026001003},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/030631296026001003},\n\tabstract = {This paper takes up the discussion of a nineteenth-century theory of science — that of biological evolution — among members of the Indian National Council of Education, and in the pages of an important journal called The Dawn, published from Calcutta between 1897 and 1913. It discusses how, toward the turn of the century, science was legitimated as a morally worthy endeavour among the Bengali Bhadralok community. The debate pursued in The Dawn was representative of the anxieties and aspirations of that community, which had embarked upon the project of modernity, and was the first on the Indian continent to take modern Western science seriously. The socio-political context of the debate is important, in that the nationalist struggle for freedom from British rule was gathering momentum, and received notions of progress and social evolution were open to questioning and challenge. While colonialism is a backdrop for this study, the paper's main focus is the act of cultural redefinition of modern science in a non-Western context.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Social Studies of Science},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and Habib, S. Irfan},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Domestication of science, India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {9--42},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper takes up the discussion of a nineteenth-century theory of science — that of biological evolution — among members of the Indian National Council of Education, and in the pages of an important journal called The Dawn, published from Calcutta between 1897 and 1913. It discusses how, toward the turn of the century, science was legitimated as a morally worthy endeavour among the Bengali Bhadralok community. The debate pursued in The Dawn was representative of the anxieties and aspirations of that community, which had embarked upon the project of modernity, and was the first on the Indian continent to take modern Western science seriously. The socio-political context of the debate is important, in that the nationalist struggle for freedom from British rule was gathering momentum, and received notions of progress and social evolution were open to questioning and challenge. While colonialism is a backdrop for this study, the paper's main focus is the act of cultural redefinition of modern science in a non-Western context.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Power in the Postcolonial State.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 21(3): 321–339. July 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n@article{abraham_science_1996,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Power} in the {Postcolonial} {State}},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0304-3754, 2163-3150},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/030437549602100303},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/030437549602100303},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-04-14},\n\tjournal = {Alternatives: Global, Local, Political},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Itty},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {India, Nuclear energy, Nuclear weapons, Technocracy, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {321--339},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bīja-Corrections in Indian Astronomy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pingree, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal for the History of Astronomy, 27(2): 161–172. May 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n@article{pingree_bija-corrections_1996,\n\ttitle = {Bīja-{Corrections} in {Indian} {Astronomy}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0021-8286, 1753-8556},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002182869602700204},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/002182869602700204},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {Journal for the History of Astronomy},\n\tauthor = {Pingree, David},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {History of Indian Astronomy, Medieval},\n\tpages = {161--172},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indigenous Knowledge and the Significance of South-West India for Portuguese and Dutch Constructions of Tropical Nature.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grove, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Modern Asian Studies, 30(1): 121–143. February 1996.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{grove_indigenous_1996,\n\ttitle = {Indigenous {Knowledge} and the {Significance} of {South}-{West} {India} for {Portuguese} and {Dutch} {Constructions} of {Tropical} {Nature}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {1469-8099, 0026-749X},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/abs/indigenous-knowledge-and-the-significance-of-southwest-india-for-portuguese-and-dutch-constructions-of-tropical-nature/1DB94DD9324963FE84F2D4F8F80655DA},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0026749X00014104},\n\tabstract = {While the growing volume of new long distance oceanic trade which developed during the fifteenth century helped to stimulate an awareness of the wider world in Western Europe, it also had a much more specific enabling effect on the development of natural history and the status of science in the eyes of government. A rising interest in empirical fact-gathering and experimentation led to a growing enthusiasm for experimentation with new types of medical practice and new drugs. Apothecaries' gardens became established at the universities and were increasingly stocked with plants imported from distant lands. These gardens became the sites of the first attempts to classify plants on a global basis. The voyages of the first century and a half after the journeys of Henry the Navigator from 1415 onwards had already begun to transform the science of botany and to enlarge medical ambitions for the scope of pharmacology and natural history. The foundation of the new botanic gardens was, therefore, clearly connected with the early expansion of the European economic system and remained an accurate indicator, in a microcosm, of the expansion in European knowledge of the global environment. The origins of the gardens in medical practice meant that, as a knowledge of global nature was acquired, the Hippocratic agendas of medicine and medical practitioners continued to form the dominant basis of European constructions of the extra-European natural world.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-05-09},\n\tjournal = {Modern Asian Studies},\n\tauthor = {Grove, Richard},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {Indigenous Knowledge, Knowledge Systems, Natural History},\n\tpages = {121--143},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n While the growing volume of new long distance oceanic trade which developed during the fifteenth century helped to stimulate an awareness of the wider world in Western Europe, it also had a much more specific enabling effect on the development of natural history and the status of science in the eyes of government. A rising interest in empirical fact-gathering and experimentation led to a growing enthusiasm for experimentation with new types of medical practice and new drugs. Apothecaries' gardens became established at the universities and were increasingly stocked with plants imported from distant lands. These gardens became the sites of the first attempts to classify plants on a global basis. The voyages of the first century and a half after the journeys of Henry the Navigator from 1415 onwards had already begun to transform the science of botany and to enlarge medical ambitions for the scope of pharmacology and natural history. The foundation of the new botanic gardens was, therefore, clearly connected with the early expansion of the European economic system and remained an accurate indicator, in a microcosm, of the expansion in European knowledge of the global environment. The origins of the gardens in medical practice meant that, as a knowledge of global nature was acquired, the Hippocratic agendas of medicine and medical practitioners continued to form the dominant basis of European constructions of the extra-European natural world.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge, Civilization, and Colonial Rule in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Baber, Z.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, 1996.\n Google-Books-ID: h9ui2HgL5AwC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{baber_science_1996,\n\taddress = {Albany, NY},\n\ttitle = {The {Science} of {Empire}: {Scientific} {Knowledge}, {Civilization}, and {Colonial} {Rule} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780791429204},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Science} of {Empire}},\n\tabstract = {In Science, Civilization, and Empire in India, Zaheer Baber analyzes the social context of the origins and development of science and technology in India from antiquity through colonialism to the modern period. The focus is on the two- way interaction between science and society: how specific social and cultural factors led to the emergence of specific scientific/technological knowledge systems and institutions that transformed the very social conditions that produced them. A key feature is the author\\&\\#39;s analysis of the role of pre-colonial trading circuits and other institutional factors in transmitting scientific and technological knowledge from India to other civilizational complexes. A significant portion represents an analysis of the role of modern science and technology in the consolidation of the British empire in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {State University of New York Press},\n\tauthor = {Baber, Zaheer},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: h9ui2HgL5AwC},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Medicine, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In Science, Civilization, and Empire in India, Zaheer Baber analyzes the social context of the origins and development of science and technology in India from antiquity through colonialism to the modern period. The focus is on the two- way interaction between science and society: how specific social and cultural factors led to the emergence of specific scientific/technological knowledge systems and institutions that transformed the very social conditions that produced them. A key feature is the author's analysis of the role of pre-colonial trading circuits and other institutional factors in transmitting scientific and technological knowledge from India to other civilizational complexes. A significant portion represents an analysis of the role of modern science and technology in the consolidation of the British empire in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fencing the Forest: Conservation and Ecological Change in India's Central Provinces, 1860-1914.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rangarajan, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New York, 1996.\n Google-Books-ID: YwnbAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{rangarajan_fencing_1996,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Fencing the {Forest}: {Conservation} and {Ecological} {Change} in {India}'s {Central} {Provinces}, 1860-1914},\n\tisbn = {9780195637120},\n\tshorttitle = {Fencing the {Forest}},\n\tabstract = {The creation of the edifice of imperial forestry in the late nineteenth century had major consequences for the people, trees and wildlife of India's Central Provinces. The new regime of 'command and control' of forested hills and valleys marked an ecological watershed. Fencing the Forest draws on archival and printed sources to shed fresh light on the ecological dimensions of the colonial impact on South Asia. The extensive woodlands of the Central Provinces of India became vital to imperial interests in the late nineteenth century, and this book argues that it was protection of these interests, rather than conservation per se, that was at the heart of imperial forestry in India. The changing responses of rural forest users to the new pressures unleashed by colonial forestry and the fortunes of the land they lived on are the key themes of this study. This book will be useful to historians of modern India, the environment and wildlife, and anyone interested in ecological issues.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Rangarajan, Mahesh},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: YwnbAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Environmental History, India, Public Policy / Environmental Policy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The creation of the edifice of imperial forestry in the late nineteenth century had major consequences for the people, trees and wildlife of India's Central Provinces. The new regime of 'command and control' of forested hills and valleys marked an ecological watershed. Fencing the Forest draws on archival and printed sources to shed fresh light on the ecological dimensions of the colonial impact on South Asia. The extensive woodlands of the Central Provinces of India became vital to imperial interests in the late nineteenth century, and this book argues that it was protection of these interests, rather than conservation per se, that was at the heart of imperial forestry in India. The changing responses of rural forest users to the new pressures unleashed by colonial forestry and the fortunes of the land they lived on are the key themes of this study. This book will be useful to historians of modern India, the environment and wildlife, and anyone interested in ecological issues.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1995\n \n \n (15)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Technology, and Development, Vol. 1&2.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 1&2 New Age International Publishers, New Delhi, 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{rahman_science_1995,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Technology}, and {Development}, {Vol}. 1\\&2},\n\tvolume = {1\\&2},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tpublisher = {New Age International Publishers},\n\teditor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tkeywords = {Developing Countries, Development, S\\&T System in India, Science Policy, State \\& Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science Policy Formulation and Implementation in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sikka, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science and Public Policy, 22(6): 363–368. December 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{sikka_science_1995,\n\ttitle = {Science {Policy} {Formulation} and {Implementation} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tissn = {1471-5430},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/spp/article/22/6/363/1632049/Science-policy-formulation-and-implementation-in},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/spp/22.6.363},\n\tabstract = {Science has played a vital role in the emergence of modern India, It has helped in raising the quality of life and in imparting a modern outlook to its people. It was only after Independence, in 1947, that the Government of India consciously sought the development of S\\&T as a major force for ushering in social and economic change. As a chief patron, the Government of India provided various promotional and fiscal measures with tax incentives, and enacted policy declarations for enhancing R\\&D activities.\n\nWhile scanning the progress made during the past about 50 years, the author has identified certain lacunae in the present Indian S\\&T system and has indicated certain remedial measures for strengthening it.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Science and Public Policy},\n\tauthor = {Sikka, Pawan},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tkeywords = {Post-Independence India, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Science Policy},\n\tpages = {363--368},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science has played a vital role in the emergence of modern India, It has helped in raising the quality of life and in imparting a modern outlook to its people. It was only after Independence, in 1947, that the Government of India consciously sought the development of S&T as a major force for ushering in social and economic change. As a chief patron, the Government of India provided various promotional and fiscal measures with tax incentives, and enacted policy declarations for enhancing R&D activities. While scanning the progress made during the past about 50 years, the author has identified certain lacunae in the present Indian S&T system and has indicated certain remedial measures for strengthening it.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science Advice in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sikka, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology in Society, 17(4): 349–363. January 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{sikka_science_1995,\n\ttitle = {Science {Advice} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {0160-791X},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160791X9500015J},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/0160-791X(95)00015-J},\n\tabstract = {In order to receive advice on matters of policy, priority, and other important issues concerning science and technology (S\\&T), the Government of India constituted various apex science advisory committees, as well as various subject-oriented high-powered bodies, over the years. Science Advisory Committees, at the apex level, initiated studies in a variety of fields to understand the strengths and weaknesses of Indian S\\&T on a world scale and generated reports on the state-of-the-art status of S\\&T throughout India. These efforts were undertaken with the assistance of experts from the academic, R\\&D, and industrial sectors, in addition to consultants and subject professionals. The studies provided a clear-cut vision to the policy planners for developing new strategies for India. The author has analysed their functional aspects, with particular reference to their political relations, composition, terms of reference, and linkages. While describing their performance and achievements, he has also evaluated their shortcomings, such as budgetary constraints, discontinuity in terms of membership and mandate, tardy implementation of recommendations, and the impact on the erosion of scientific excellence of the members — distinguished scientists of the country. The author believes that there is a need for reorienting the existing model of science advice in India.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Technology in Society},\n\tauthor = {Sikka, Pawan},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tkeywords = {India, Post-Independence India, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Science Policy, Scientific Advice, State \\& Science},\n\tpages = {349--363},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In order to receive advice on matters of policy, priority, and other important issues concerning science and technology (S&T), the Government of India constituted various apex science advisory committees, as well as various subject-oriented high-powered bodies, over the years. Science Advisory Committees, at the apex level, initiated studies in a variety of fields to understand the strengths and weaknesses of Indian S&T on a world scale and generated reports on the state-of-the-art status of S&T throughout India. These efforts were undertaken with the assistance of experts from the academic, R&D, and industrial sectors, in addition to consultants and subject professionals. The studies provided a clear-cut vision to the policy planners for developing new strategies for India. The author has analysed their functional aspects, with particular reference to their political relations, composition, terms of reference, and linkages. While describing their performance and achievements, he has also evaluated their shortcomings, such as budgetary constraints, discontinuity in terms of membership and mandate, tardy implementation of recommendations, and the impact on the erosion of scientific excellence of the members — distinguished scientists of the country. The author believes that there is a need for reorienting the existing model of science advice in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Public Sector Investment and Technology Choice in the Transportation Industry in Madras.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 32(1): 23–49. March 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{tyabji_public_1995,\n\ttitle = {Public {Sector} {Investment} and {Technology} {Choice} in the {Transportation} {Industry} in {Madras}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001946469503200102},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/001946469503200102},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tkeywords = {Industrialisation, Industry, Madras, Post-Independence India, R\\&D Policy, Tamil Nadu, Technological innovation, Transportation},\n\tpages = {23--49},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biopolitics: A Feminist and Ecological Reader on Biotechnology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shiva, V.; and Moser, I.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zed Books in association with Third World Network, Penang, Malaysia, London & New Jersey, September 1995.\n Google-Books-ID: 2Qbnr1n3W7cC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{shiva_biopolitics_1995,\n\taddress = {London \\& New Jersey},\n\ttitle = {Biopolitics: {A} {Feminist} and {Ecological} {Reader} on {Biotechnology}},\n\tisbn = {9781856493369},\n\tshorttitle = {Biopolitics},\n\tabstract = {Biotechnology is the single most powerful bundle of new technologies currently under development. It is also the most intrusive and determinative technology relating to nature generally and the human body specifically. This Reader brings together some of the most important work from feminists and environmentalists critical of the headlong rush into what is likely to prove a technological minefield. As such it will be essential reading for students, scholars and activists in social studies of science, women's studies, development and environmental studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Zed Books in association with Third World Network, Penang, Malaysia},\n\teditor = {Shiva, Vandana and Moser, Ingunn},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 2Qbnr1n3W7cC},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Research, Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Biotechnology, Epistemic Pluralism, Epistemology, Feminist Epistemology, Feminist STS, Gender \\& Science, Genetic Engineering, Genetics},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Biotechnology is the single most powerful bundle of new technologies currently under development. It is also the most intrusive and determinative technology relating to nature generally and the human body specifically. This Reader brings together some of the most important work from feminists and environmentalists critical of the headlong rush into what is likely to prove a technological minefield. As such it will be essential reading for students, scholars and activists in social studies of science, women's studies, development and environmental studies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Iron Pillar at Delhi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Anantharaman, T. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n UBS Publisher's Distributors, 1995.\n Google-Books-ID: 2u5tAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{anantharaman_iron_1995,\n\ttitle = {The {Iron} {Pillar} at {Delhi}},\n\tisbn = {9788174760579},\n\tabstract = {The Iron Pillar at Delhi stands out as one of the most impressive echtnological achievements of ancient India. This volume highlights certain unique aspects of the Iron Pillar and seeks to unravel the mystery of its rustlessness.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {UBS Publisher's Distributors},\n\tauthor = {Anantharaman, T. R.},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 2u5tAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Delhi, Metallurgy, Traditional Knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Iron Pillar at Delhi stands out as one of the most impressive echtnological achievements of ancient India. This volume highlights certain unique aspects of the Iron Pillar and seeks to unravel the mystery of its rustlessness.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Building the Railways of the Raj, 1850-1900.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kerr, I. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1995.\n Google-Books-ID: 361PAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kerr_building_1995,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Building the {Railways} of the {Raj}, 1850-1900},\n\tisbn = {9780195634440},\n\tabstract = {The major goal of this book is to explain how the British got the Indian railways built. Some 25,000 miles of railway were constructed in India from 1850 to 1900. This involved a substantial investment of British capital, the transplantation of Victorian railway technology to the British Indian empire, the presence of a supervisory cadre of British engineers, skilled workmen and overseers, and the mobilization of millions of Indian workers. Building the Railways of the Raj represents the first, wide-scale examination of this subject in modern times. Based on previously little-used primary sources, this pan-Indian study analyses the construction as a grand, sub-continental and inter-continental assembly of many specific work processes. Unity in this complex labour process is found through a focus on management: management in the broad sense of conception, co-ordination of the process at a multiplicity of levels and the exercise of authority over workers whose labour actually built the railways. Students of nineteenth-century Indian history, imperial history, technology transfer and historians of labour interested in the labour process in colonial settings will find this book useful. Railway enthusiasts will find here an aspect of railway building not available elsewhere.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kerr, Ian J.},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 361PAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Engineering, Railways, Social History of Technology, Technology \\& Society, Transportation},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The major goal of this book is to explain how the British got the Indian railways built. Some 25,000 miles of railway were constructed in India from 1850 to 1900. This involved a substantial investment of British capital, the transplantation of Victorian railway technology to the British Indian empire, the presence of a supervisory cadre of British engineers, skilled workmen and overseers, and the mobilization of millions of Indian workers. Building the Railways of the Raj represents the first, wide-scale examination of this subject in modern times. Based on previously little-used primary sources, this pan-Indian study analyses the construction as a grand, sub-continental and inter-continental assembly of many specific work processes. Unity in this complex labour process is found through a focus on management: management in the broad sense of conception, co-ordination of the process at a multiplicity of levels and the exercise of authority over workers whose labour actually built the railways. Students of nineteenth-century Indian history, imperial history, technology transfer and historians of labour interested in the labour process in colonial settings will find this book useful. Railway enthusiasts will find here an aspect of railway building not available elsewhere.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bhadralok Perceptions of Science, Technology and Cultural Nationalism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; and Irfan Habib, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 32(1): 95–117. March 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_bhadralok_1995,\n\ttitle = {Bhadralok {Perceptions} of {Science}, {Technology} and {Cultural} {Nationalism}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001946469503200104},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/001946469503200104},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and Irfan Habib, S.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tpages = {95--117},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Technological Slips between the Cup and the Lip: Unlearnt Lessons from Inter-War Colonial Madras.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 30(30): PE99–PE103. July 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{tyabji_technological_1995,\n\ttitle = {Technological {Slips} between the {Cup} and the {Lip}: {Unlearnt} {Lessons} from {Inter}-{War} {Colonial} {Madras}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tabstract = {The establishment of the Government Industrial Institute in Madras in 1919 coincided with the development of chemical engineering as a distinct discipline at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It would thus be unhistorical to expect that readymade chemical engineering expertise would have been available to the Industrial Institute. However, other problems at diverse levels, raised by the history of the Institute remain unresolved to this day: the provision of venture capital, infant technology protection, and plain incomprehension of the issues involved. The case of the Industrial Institute clearly forms the prehistory of more recent lunges at self-reliance.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {30},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tkeywords = {Chemical industry, Chemistry, Colonialism, Engineering, India, Industrialisation, Industry, Institution Development, Madras, R\\&D Instituions, Research Environment, Social History of Technology, Tamil Nadu},\n\tpages = {PE99--PE103},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The establishment of the Government Industrial Institute in Madras in 1919 coincided with the development of chemical engineering as a distinct discipline at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It would thus be unhistorical to expect that readymade chemical engineering expertise would have been available to the Industrial Institute. However, other problems at diverse levels, raised by the history of the Institute remain unresolved to this day: the provision of venture capital, infant technology protection, and plain incomprehension of the issues involved. The case of the Industrial Institute clearly forms the prehistory of more recent lunges at self-reliance.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens, and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grove, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England; New York, NY, 1995.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{grove_green_1995,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, England; New York, NY},\n\ttitle = {Green {Imperialism}: {Colonial} {Expansion}, {Tropical} {Island} {Edens}, and the {Origins} of {Environmentalism}, 1600-1860},\n\tisbn = {978-0-521-56513-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Green imperialism},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Grove, Richard},\n\tyear = {1995},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Savage Freud and Other Essays on Possible and Retrievable Selves.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nandy, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1995.\n Google-Books-ID: uTV2QgAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{nandy_savage_1995,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Savage} {Freud} and {Other} {Essays} on {Possible} and {Retrievable} {Selves}},\n\tisbn = {9780691044101},\n\turl = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-savage-freud-9780195645835?lang=en&cc=ao},\n\tabstract = {One of India's leading public intellectuals, Ashis Nandy is a highly influential critic of modernity, science, nationalism, and secularism. In this, his most important collection of essays so far, he seeks to locate cultural forms and languages of being and thinking that defy the logic and hegemony of the modern West. The core of the volume consists of two ambitious, deeply probing essays, one on the early success of psychoanalysis in India, the other on the justice meted out by the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal to the defeated Japanese. Both issues are viewed in the context of the psychology of dominance over a subservient or defeated culture. This theme is explored further in essays on mass culture and the media, political terrorism, the hold of modern medicine, and, notably, the conflict or split between the creative work of writers like Kipling, Rushdie, and H. G. Wells, and the political and social values they publicly and rationally present. Also included is a controversial essay by Nandy on the issue of sati, or widow's suicide.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Nandy, Ashis},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: uTV2QgAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Psychoanalysis},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n One of India's leading public intellectuals, Ashis Nandy is a highly influential critic of modernity, science, nationalism, and secularism. In this, his most important collection of essays so far, he seeks to locate cultural forms and languages of being and thinking that defy the logic and hegemony of the modern West. The core of the volume consists of two ambitious, deeply probing essays, one on the early success of psychoanalysis in India, the other on the justice meted out by the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal to the defeated Japanese. Both issues are viewed in the context of the psychology of dominance over a subservient or defeated culture. This theme is explored further in essays on mass culture and the media, political terrorism, the hold of modern medicine, and, notably, the conflict or split between the creative work of writers like Kipling, Rushdie, and H. G. Wells, and the political and social values they publicly and rationally present. Also included is a controversial essay by Nandy on the issue of sati, or widow's suicide.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Alternative Sciences: Creativity and Authenticity in Two Indian Scientists.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nandy, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1995.\n Google-Books-ID: WbvaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{nandy_alternative_1995,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Alternative {Sciences}: {Creativity} and {Authenticity} in {Two} {Indian} {Scientists}},\n\tisbn = {9780195631982},\n\tshorttitle = {Alternative {Sciences}},\n\tabstract = {In this lively and provocative book, Ashis Nandy analyses aspects of the lives of two Indian pioneers of science, physicist and plant physiologist Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) and mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920), to show how some of the current concerns of the philosophy and sociology of science were anticipated by the alternative orientations to science they offered. The focus is on the different ways in which Bose and Ramanujan coped with the culture of modern science; the synthesis they attempted between their cultural selves and the demands of a new professional role; and the personal and cultural resources that they brought to their creativity. The study shows the extent to which an individual's personal conflicts can mirror as well as dramatize the central social crises of his or her time, and how the individual's private search for meaning can epitomize the society's search for a new self-definition. This pioneering study was first published in 1980; the revised edition has a significant new preface.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Nandy, Ashis},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: WbvaAAAAMAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this lively and provocative book, Ashis Nandy analyses aspects of the lives of two Indian pioneers of science, physicist and plant physiologist Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) and mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920), to show how some of the current concerns of the philosophy and sociology of science were anticipated by the alternative orientations to science they offered. The focus is on the different ways in which Bose and Ramanujan coped with the culture of modern science; the synthesis they attempted between their cultural selves and the demands of a new professional role; and the personal and cultural resources that they brought to their creativity. The study shows the extent to which an individual's personal conflicts can mirror as well as dramatize the central social crises of his or her time, and how the individual's private search for meaning can epitomize the society's search for a new self-definition. This pioneering study was first published in 1980; the revised edition has a significant new preface.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific Communities and Brain Drain: A Sociological Study.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahanti, S.; Krishna, V.; Haribabu, E.; Jairath, V. K.; and Basu, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Gyan Publishing House in collaboration with National Institute of Science, Technology, and Development Studies, Delhi, 1995.\n Google-Books-ID: dsiXO_ehIPsC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{mahanti_scientific_1995,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Communities} and {Brain} {Drain}: {A} {Sociological} {Study}},\n\tisbn = {9788121204958},\n\tshorttitle = {Scientific {Communities} and {Brain} {Drain}},\n\tabstract = {This exploratory study makes an attempt to understand the brain drain phenomenon beyond economic dimension and highlights some important features like intellectual leadership and the process of institutionalization of excellence, nobility of researchers.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Gyan Publishing House in collaboration with National Institute of Science, Technology, and Development Studies},\n\tauthor = {Mahanti, Subodh and Krishna, V.V. and Haribabu, E. and Jairath, Vinod K. and Basu, Aparna},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: dsiXO\\_ehIPsC},\n\tkeywords = {Brain drain, India, Scientific Community},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This exploratory study makes an attempt to understand the brain drain phenomenon beyond economic dimension and highlights some important features like intellectual leadership and the process of institutionalization of excellence, nobility of researchers.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Technology and the Raj: Western Technology and Technical Transfers to India, 1700-1947.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n MacLeod, R. M.; and Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sage Publications, New Delhi, 1995.\n Google-Books-ID: ost8tAEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{macleod_technology_1995,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Technology and the {Raj}: {Western} {Technology} and {Technical} {Transfers} to {India}, 1700-1947},\n\tisbn = {9788170364665},\n\tshorttitle = {Technology and the {Raj}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Sage Publications},\n\tauthor = {MacLeod, Roy M. and Kumar, Deepak},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ost8tAEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Colonialism, Chemical Technology and Industry in Southern India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1995.\n Google-Books-ID: nFS1AAAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{tyabji_colonialism_1995,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Colonialism, {Chemical} {Technology} and {Industry} in {Southern} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780195631241},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Colonialism_Chemical_Technology_and_Indu/nFS1AAAAIAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {Madras Presidency was the central entity of the colonial South Indian economy. Not only was it the largest in volume of production but in administrative terms the Madras Government retained control over the Princely States. It is therefore surprising that of the three Presidencies of British India, Madras has received the least attention from economic historians. Work on the development of industry in Madras is even more sparse. This book is written on the premise that an understanding of the reasons why Madras was industrially backward, when compared to Bombay and Bengal, would help to provide a more nuanced account of the dynamics of the Indian economy under colonial rule. The central argument is that the differential industrial performance of each Presidency is largely due to the role of the major cash crop, specific to each, within the imperial economic system: jute in Bengal, cotton in Bombay, and oilseeds in Madras. Not only was Madras's industrialization inhibited, in comparative terms, by the inability to find a niche for oilseed-based manufactures in the export or domestic market; the technology for these forms of manufacture, essentially of a chemical engineering nature, was more advanced than the mechanical engineering base of the cotton and jute textile industry of the other two Presidencies. Diligent attempts to leap-frog into the era of chemical-based industrialization, albeit with rudimentary technology, were superimposed on the barely perceptible evolution of an economy pivoted on the export of unprocessed cash-crops. The failure of these two processes to integrate into a system-transforming process of industrialization is explained in terms of a complex of issues, related both to direct constraints emanating from the colonial connection, and to problems of technology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: nFS1AAAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Chemistry, Colonialism, India, Industry, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Madras Presidency was the central entity of the colonial South Indian economy. Not only was it the largest in volume of production but in administrative terms the Madras Government retained control over the Princely States. It is therefore surprising that of the three Presidencies of British India, Madras has received the least attention from economic historians. Work on the development of industry in Madras is even more sparse. This book is written on the premise that an understanding of the reasons why Madras was industrially backward, when compared to Bombay and Bengal, would help to provide a more nuanced account of the dynamics of the Indian economy under colonial rule. The central argument is that the differential industrial performance of each Presidency is largely due to the role of the major cash crop, specific to each, within the imperial economic system: jute in Bengal, cotton in Bombay, and oilseeds in Madras. Not only was Madras's industrialization inhibited, in comparative terms, by the inability to find a niche for oilseed-based manufactures in the export or domestic market; the technology for these forms of manufacture, essentially of a chemical engineering nature, was more advanced than the mechanical engineering base of the cotton and jute textile industry of the other two Presidencies. Diligent attempts to leap-frog into the era of chemical-based industrialization, albeit with rudimentary technology, were superimposed on the barely perceptible evolution of an economy pivoted on the export of unprocessed cash-crops. The failure of these two processes to integrate into a system-transforming process of industrialization is explained in terms of a complex of issues, related both to direct constraints emanating from the colonial connection, and to problems of technology.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1994\n \n \n (8)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Society and Peace.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kosambi, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n People's Publishing House, New Delhi, 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{kosambi_science_1994,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Society} and {Peace}},\n\tisbn = {8170071941},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/ScienceSocietyAndPeace-15EssaysByD.D.Kosambi},\n\tabstract = {These essays contributed to different periodicals over a period of more than two decades do not exhaust the entire list of his writings, in which as a socially conscious citizen of the world and his own country, Prof Kosambi showed acute awareness, of the socio - political problems of his day.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tpublisher = {People's Publishing House},\n\tauthor = {Kosambi, D.D.},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tkeywords = {India, Kosambi, D.D., Marxism \\& Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n These essays contributed to different periodicals over a period of more than two decades do not exhaust the entire list of his writings, in which as a socially conscious citizen of the world and his own country, Prof Kosambi showed acute awareness, of the socio - political problems of his day.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science for Social Revolution: Achievements and Dilemmas of a Development Movement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zachariah, M.; and Sooryamoorthy, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vistaar Publications, New Delhi, 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{zachariah_science_1994,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science for {Social} {Revolution}: {Achievements} and {Dilemmas} of a {Development} {Movement}},\n\tisbn = {9788170363774},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Science_for_Social_Revolution/FLnaAAAAMAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {This is a critical analysis of the role played by the leading developing NGO in Kerala, India - the Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP). One of the KSSP's most innovative activities has been proclaiming the relevance of science to villagers in its science and culture jathas. Its key concerns are conscientizing and empowering ordinary people; opposing those Indian Government policies that mistreat the poor; ecological sensitivity (as its central role in getting the Silent Valley Dam cancelled bears witness); efforts to involve women; and respect for indigenous cultures. The aim of the book is to improve understanding of indigenous cultures.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vistaar Publications},\n\tauthor = {Zachariah, Mathew and Sooryamoorthy, R.},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi \\& Science, India, Kerala, Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Popular Science, Radical Science Movements, Science Education, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This is a critical analysis of the role played by the leading developing NGO in Kerala, India - the Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP). One of the KSSP's most innovative activities has been proclaiming the relevance of science to villagers in its science and culture jathas. Its key concerns are conscientizing and empowering ordinary people; opposing those Indian Government policies that mistreat the poor; ecological sensitivity (as its central role in getting the Silent Valley Dam cancelled bears witness); efforts to involve women; and respect for indigenous cultures. The aim of the book is to improve understanding of indigenous cultures.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bhopal: The Inside Story- Carbide Workers Speak Out on the World's Worst Industrial Disaster.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chauhan, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Apex Press & The Other India Press, New York & Mapusa, 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{chauhan_bhopal_1994,\n\taddress = {New York \\& Mapusa},\n\ttitle = {Bhopal: {The} {Inside} {Story}- {Carbide} {Workers} {Speak} {Out} on the {World}'s {Worst} {Industrial} {Disaster}},\n\tisbn = {0-945257-22-8 (USA); 81-85569-16-9 (INDIA)},\n\tshorttitle = {Bhopal: {The} {Inside} {Story}},\n\tabstract = {On the night of December 3,1984,40 tons of deadly methyl isocyanate (MIC) leaked out of a Union Carbide factory in Bhopal, India, killing hundreds of innocent people and maiming thousands of others for life.\n\nIn Bhopal: The Inside Story, T.R. Chouhan, a former worker in the plant, tells for the first time the explosive inside story of what it was like to work in the dangerous chemical plant that was destined to go down in history as the site of the world’s worst industrial disaster.\n\nThe book provides personal testimonies from 15 Carbide workers including eyewitness accounts. Among them is the worker Carbide falsely accused of causing the disaster by'sabotage. Chouhan provides a critique to show why Carbide’s sabotage theory is not only incorrect but slanders the workers in the Bhopal plant. He underscores the shared interest of plant workers and nearby communities in fighting against industrial hazards and corporate domination. The book concludes with an special Afterword on Bhopal Ten Years After. The first essay, written by Claude Alvares, is ayear-by-year record of the way in which the gas ictims had to cope over the decade. The second essay, by Indira Jaising, critically examines how the Indian legal system failed abysmally to do justice to the victims.},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tpublisher = {The Apex Press \\& The Other India Press},\n\tauthor = {Chauhan, T.R.},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tkeywords = {Alvares, Claude, Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Disasters, Industry, Working class},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n On the night of December 3,1984,40 tons of deadly methyl isocyanate (MIC) leaked out of a Union Carbide factory in Bhopal, India, killing hundreds of innocent people and maiming thousands of others for life. In Bhopal: The Inside Story, T.R. Chouhan, a former worker in the plant, tells for the first time the explosive inside story of what it was like to work in the dangerous chemical plant that was destined to go down in history as the site of the world’s worst industrial disaster. The book provides personal testimonies from 15 Carbide workers including eyewitness accounts. Among them is the worker Carbide falsely accused of causing the disaster by'sabotage. Chouhan provides a critique to show why Carbide’s sabotage theory is not only incorrect but slanders the workers in the Bhopal plant. He underscores the shared interest of plant workers and nearby communities in fighting against industrial hazards and corporate domination. The book concludes with an special Afterword on Bhopal Ten Years After. The first essay, written by Claude Alvares, is ayear-by-year record of the way in which the gas ictims had to cope over the decade. The second essay, by Indira Jaising, critically examines how the Indian legal system failed abysmally to do justice to the victims.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reordering the Earth: The Emergence of Geology as a Scientific Discipline in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sangwan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 31(3): 291–310. September 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sangwan_reordering_1994,\n\ttitle = {Reordering the {Earth}: {The} {Emergence} of {Geology} as a {Scientific} {Discipline} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\tshorttitle = {Reordering the earth},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001946469403100302},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/001946469403100302},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Sangwan, Satpal},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial History, Colonial Science, Disciplines, Geology, India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology},\n\tpages = {291--310},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Different Ways of Knowing: Contrasting Styles of Argument in Indian and Greek Mathematical Traditions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Joseph, G. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Mathematics Education and Philosophy. The Falmer Press, London, New York, Philadelphia, 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{joseph_different_1994,\n\taddress = {London, New York, Philadelphia},\n\ttitle = {Different {Ways} of {Knowing}: {Contrasting} {Styles} of {Argument} in {Indian} and {Greek} {Mathematical} {Traditions}},\n\tisbn = {9780203362594},\n\tshorttitle = {Different {Ways} of {Knowing}},\n\tabstract = {Many of the commonly available books on history of mathematics declare or imply that Indian mathematics, whatever be its other achievements, did not not have any notion of proof. To illustrate, with two examples, the first taken from one of the better known texts on the history of mathematics, Kline (1972) writes:\n\n There is much good procedure and technical facility, but no evidence that they (i.e., the Indians) considered proof at all. They had rules, but apparently no logical scruples. Moreover, no general methods or new viewpoints were arrived at in any area of mathematics. It is fairly certain that the Hindus (i.e., the Indians) did not appreciate the significance of their own contributions. The few good ideas they had, such as separate symbols for the numbers, were introduced causally with no realisation that they were valuable innovations. They were not sensitive to mathematical values. (Kline, 1972, p. 190)\n \nA more recent opinion is that of Lloyd (1990) who writes:\n\n It would appear that before, in, and after the Sulbasutra [the earliest known evidence of mathematics from India], right down to the modern representatives of that tradition, we are dealing with men who tolerate, on occasion, rough and ready techniques. They are in fact interested in practical results and show no direct concern with proof procedures as such at all. (Lloyd, 1990, p. 104)\n \nThese quotations raise a number of fundamental questions: What is mathematics? How is it created? How is its quality to be assessed? But a more general question is: How do mathematicians produce information about mathematical objects? Underlying all these questions is the issue of proof, often perceived as a litmus test of whether we are ‘doing’ real mathematics or doing it well.},\n\tbooktitle = {Mathematics {Education} and {Philosophy}},\n\tpublisher = {The Falmer Press},\n\tauthor = {Joseph, George Gheverghese},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tkeywords = {History of Mathematics, India, Social Constructivism},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Many of the commonly available books on history of mathematics declare or imply that Indian mathematics, whatever be its other achievements, did not not have any notion of proof. To illustrate, with two examples, the first taken from one of the better known texts on the history of mathematics, Kline (1972) writes: There is much good procedure and technical facility, but no evidence that they (i.e., the Indians) considered proof at all. They had rules, but apparently no logical scruples. Moreover, no general methods or new viewpoints were arrived at in any area of mathematics. It is fairly certain that the Hindus (i.e., the Indians) did not appreciate the significance of their own contributions. The few good ideas they had, such as separate symbols for the numbers, were introduced causally with no realisation that they were valuable innovations. They were not sensitive to mathematical values. (Kline, 1972, p. 190) A more recent opinion is that of Lloyd (1990) who writes: It would appear that before, in, and after the Sulbasutra [the earliest known evidence of mathematics from India], right down to the modern representatives of that tradition, we are dealing with men who tolerate, on occasion, rough and ready techniques. They are in fact interested in practical results and show no direct concern with proof procedures as such at all. (Lloyd, 1990, p. 104) These quotations raise a number of fundamental questions: What is mathematics? How is it created? How is its quality to be assessed? But a more general question is: How do mathematicians produce information about mathematical objects? Underlying all these questions is the issue of proof, often perceived as a litmus test of whether we are ‘doing’ real mathematics or doing it well.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Politics of Gender and Medicine in Colonial India: The Countess of Dufferin's Fund, 1885-1888.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lal, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 68(1): 29–66. 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{lal_politics_1994,\n\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Gender} and {Medicine} in {Colonial} {India}: {The} {Countess} of {Dufferin}'s {Fund}, 1885-1888},\n\tvolume = {68},\n\tissn = {0007-5140},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Gender} and {Medicine} in {Colonial} {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/44451545},\n\tabstract = {Several decades after Indian independence in 1947, scholars began reevaluate the benefits\nof Western medicine, cited by apologists o British Empire as one of the indisputable boons of\ncolonial rule. 1 S larly, historians have begun to question the presumed beneficial ef of\ncolonialism on India's women, 2 and to reassess the role of Wes women in promoting\ncolonial rule. 3 These two areas of concern, m cine and the status of women, were important\nin the politics of colonialism: colonial administrators, to buttress their own legitimacy.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of the History of Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Lal, Maneesha},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Colonial Science, History of Medicine, India},\n\tpages = {29--66},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Several decades after Indian independence in 1947, scholars began reevaluate the benefits of Western medicine, cited by apologists o British Empire as one of the indisputable boons of colonial rule. 1 S larly, historians have begun to question the presumed beneficial ef of colonialism on India's women, 2 and to reassess the role of Wes women in promoting colonial rule. 3 These two areas of concern, m cine and the status of women, were important in the politics of colonialism: colonial administrators, to buttress their own legitimacy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Public Health in British India: Anglo-Indian Preventive Medicine 1859-1914.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Harrison, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994.\n Google-Books-ID: PShpbwti_3EC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{harrison_public_1994,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Public {Health} in {British} {India}: {Anglo}-{Indian} {Preventive} {Medicine} 1859-1914},\n\tisbn = {9780521466882},\n\tshorttitle = {Public {Health} in {British} {India}},\n\tabstract = {After years of neglect the last decade has witnessed a surge of interest in the medical history of India under colonial rule. This is the first major study of public health in British India. It covers many previously unresearched areas such as European attitudes towards India and its inhabitants, and the way in which these were reflected in medical literature and medical policy; the fate of public health at local level under Indian control; and the effects of quarantine on colonial trade and the pilgrimage to Mecca. The book places medicine within the context of debates about the government of India, and relations between rulers and ruled. In emphasising the active role of the indigenous population, and in its range of material, it differs significantly from most other work conducted in this subject area.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Harrison, Mark},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: PShpbwti\\_3EC},\n\tkeywords = {History of Medicine},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n After years of neglect the last decade has witnessed a surge of interest in the medical history of India under colonial rule. This is the first major study of public health in British India. It covers many previously unresearched areas such as European attitudes towards India and its inhabitants, and the way in which these were reflected in medical literature and medical policy; the fate of public health at local level under Indian control; and the effects of quarantine on colonial trade and the pilgrimage to Mecca. The book places medicine within the context of debates about the government of India, and relations between rulers and ruled. In emphasising the active role of the indigenous population, and in its range of material, it differs significantly from most other work conducted in this subject area.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Learning from Disaster: Risk Management After Bhopal.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jasanoff, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1994.\n Google-Books-ID: 9VMrEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{jasanoff_learning_1994,\n\taddress = {Philadelphia},\n\ttitle = {Learning from {Disaster}: {Risk} {Management} {After} {Bhopal}},\n\tisbn = {9781512803358},\n\tshorttitle = {Learning from {Disaster}},\n\tabstract = {Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic TitleThe 1984 lethal gas leak at the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, may be the most extensively studied industrial disaster in history. In a departure from earlier studies that have focused primarily on the causes of the catastrophe, Sheila Jasanoff and the contributors to this volume critically examine the consequences of the accident.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},\n\tauthor = {Jasanoff, Sheila},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 9VMrEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Bhopal Gas Tragedy, India, Industry, Risk Governance, Uncertainty},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic TitleThe 1984 lethal gas leak at the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, may be the most extensively studied industrial disaster in history. In a departure from earlier studies that have focused primarily on the causes of the catastrophe, Sheila Jasanoff and the contributors to this volume critically examine the consequences of the accident.\n
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\n\n \n \n 1993\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Patronage of Science and the Creation of Imperial Space: The British Mapping of India, 1799-1843.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Edney, M. H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cartographica, 30(1): 61–67. March 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{edney_patronage_1993,\n\ttitle = {The {Patronage} of {Science} and the {Creation} of {Imperial} {Space}: {The} {British} {Mapping} of {India}, 1799-1843},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0317-7173, 1911-9925},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Patronage} of {Science} and the {Creation} of {Imperial} {Space}},\n\turl = {https://utppublishing.com/doi/10.3138/4622-L321-1214-1XR7},\n\tdoi = {10.3138/4622-L321-1214-1XR7},\n\tabstract = {The social and cultural contexts of the mapping of India by the British East India Company early in the nineteenth century are explored. The focus is on the privileging of the geodetic triangulation (the Great Trigonometrical Survey, or GTS) at the expense of the detailed topographic and cadastral surveys that provided the actual information necessary to run the Company's empire. The patronage of science, especially the GTS, by the Company's officials defined a conceptual image of British rule in India as rational and liberal, an image that included the social hierarchy of rational British above (supposedly) mystical and irrational Indians. Moreover, the GTS created an imperial space, a territorial uniformity that obscured the cultural and political diversity of India and allowed India to be reconstructed as a coherent and singular territorial entity. The mapping process defined the conceptual and graphic images of empire that not only allowed the British to legitimate and justify their rule, they also defined the very nature of the empire.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {Cartographica},\n\tauthor = {Edney, Matthew H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tkeywords = {Cartography, Colonial India, Colonial Science, Empire and Science, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, The Great Triganometrical Survey},\n\tpages = {61--67},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The social and cultural contexts of the mapping of India by the British East India Company early in the nineteenth century are explored. The focus is on the privileging of the geodetic triangulation (the Great Trigonometrical Survey, or GTS) at the expense of the detailed topographic and cadastral surveys that provided the actual information necessary to run the Company's empire. The patronage of science, especially the GTS, by the Company's officials defined a conceptual image of British rule in India as rational and liberal, an image that included the social hierarchy of rational British above (supposedly) mystical and irrational Indians. Moreover, the GTS created an imperial space, a territorial uniformity that obscured the cultural and political diversity of India and allowed India to be reconstructed as a coherent and singular territorial entity. The mapping process defined the conceptual and graphic images of empire that not only allowed the British to legitimate and justify their rule, they also defined the very nature of the empire.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Monocultures of the Mind: Perspectives on Biodiversity and Biotechnology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shiva, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zed Books in assoc with Thord World Network, Penang, Malaysia, London & New York, 1993.\n Google-Books-ID: QcstWYIcbHkC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{shiva_monocultures_1993,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {Monocultures of the {Mind}: {Perspectives} on {Biodiversity} and {Biotechnology}},\n\tisbn = {9781856492188},\n\tshorttitle = {Monocultures of the {Mind}},\n\tabstract = {Vandana Shiva has established herself as a leading independent thinker and voice for the South in that critically important nexus where questions of development strategy, the environment and the posititon of women in society coincide. In this new volume, she brings together her thinking on the protection of biodiversity, the implications of biotechnology, and the consequences for agriculture of the global pre-eminence of Western-style scientific knowledge.In lucid and accessible fashion, she examines the current threats to the planet's biodiversity and the environmental and human consequences of its erosion and replacement by monocultural production. She shows how the new Biodiversity Convention has been gravely undermined by a mixture of diplomatic dilution during the process of negotiation and Northern hi-tech interests making money out of the new biotechnologies. She explains what these technologies involve and gives examples of their impact in practice. She questions their claims to improving natural species for the good of all and highlights the ethical and environmental problems posed.Underlying her arguments is the view that the North's particular approach to scientific understanding has led to a system of monoculture in agriculture - a model that is not being foisted on the South, displacing its societies' ecologically sounder, indigenous and age-old experiences of truly sustainable food cultivation, forest management and animal husbandry. This rapidly accelerating process of technology and system transfer is impoverishing huge numbers of people, disrupting the social systems that provide them with security and dignity, and will ultimately result in a sterile planet in both North and South, In a policy intervention of potentially great significance, she calls instead for a halt, at international as well as local level, to the aid and market incentives to both large-scale destruction of habitats where biodiversity thrives and the introduction of centralised, homogenous systems of cultivation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Zed Books in assoc with Thord World Network, Penang, Malaysia},\n\tauthor = {Shiva, Vandana},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: QcstWYIcbHkC},\n\tkeywords = {Biodiversity, Development, Environmental Sociology, Environmental crisis, India, Science and Environment, Technological Determinism, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Vandana Shiva has established herself as a leading independent thinker and voice for the South in that critically important nexus where questions of development strategy, the environment and the posititon of women in society coincide. In this new volume, she brings together her thinking on the protection of biodiversity, the implications of biotechnology, and the consequences for agriculture of the global pre-eminence of Western-style scientific knowledge.In lucid and accessible fashion, she examines the current threats to the planet's biodiversity and the environmental and human consequences of its erosion and replacement by monocultural production. She shows how the new Biodiversity Convention has been gravely undermined by a mixture of diplomatic dilution during the process of negotiation and Northern hi-tech interests making money out of the new biotechnologies. She explains what these technologies involve and gives examples of their impact in practice. She questions their claims to improving natural species for the good of all and highlights the ethical and environmental problems posed.Underlying her arguments is the view that the North's particular approach to scientific understanding has led to a system of monoculture in agriculture - a model that is not being foisted on the South, displacing its societies' ecologically sounder, indigenous and age-old experiences of truly sustainable food cultivation, forest management and animal husbandry. This rapidly accelerating process of technology and system transfer is impoverishing huge numbers of people, disrupting the social systems that provide them with security and dignity, and will ultimately result in a sterile planet in both North and South, In a policy intervention of potentially great significance, she calls instead for a halt, at international as well as local level, to the aid and market incentives to both large-scale destruction of habitats where biodiversity thrives and the introduction of centralised, homogenous systems of cultivation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arnold, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of California Press, 1993.\n Google-Books-ID: QzaWUtZwAXIC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{arnold_colonizing_1993,\n\ttitle = {Colonizing the {Body}: {State} {Medicine} and {Epidemic} {Disease} in {Nineteenth}-{Century} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780520082953},\n\tshorttitle = {Colonizing the {Body}},\n\tabstract = {In this innovative analysis of medicine and disease in colonial India, David Arnold explores the vital role of the state in medical and public health activities, arguing that Western medicine became a critical battleground between the colonized and the colonizers.Focusing on three major epidemic diseases—smallpox, cholera, and plague—Arnold analyzes the impact of medical interventionism. He demonstrates that Western medicine as practiced in India was not simply transferred from West to East, but was also fashioned in response to local needs and Indian conditions.By emphasizing this colonial dimension of medicine, Arnold highlights the centrality of the body to political authority in British India and shows how medicine both influenced and articulated the intrinsic contradictions of colonial rule.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of California Press},\n\tauthor = {Arnold, David},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: QzaWUtZwAXIC},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In this innovative analysis of medicine and disease in colonial India, David Arnold explores the vital role of the state in medical and public health activities, arguing that Western medicine became a critical battleground between the colonized and the colonizers.Focusing on three major epidemic diseases—smallpox, cholera, and plague—Arnold analyzes the impact of medical interventionism. He demonstrates that Western medicine as practiced in India was not simply transferred from West to East, but was also fashioned in response to local needs and Indian conditions.By emphasizing this colonial dimension of medicine, Arnold highlights the centrality of the body to political authority in British India and shows how medicine both influenced and articulated the intrinsic contradictions of colonial rule.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Unfolding of an Engagement: 'The Dawn' on Science, Technical Education and Industrialization: India, 1896-1912.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; and Irfan Habib, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in History, 9(1): 87–117. February 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{raina_unfolding_1993,\n\ttitle = {The {Unfolding} of an {Engagement}: '{The} {Dawn}' on {Science}, {Technical} {Education} and {Industrialization}: {India}, 1896-1912},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0257-6430, 0973-080X},\n\tshorttitle = {The unfolding of an engagement},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/025764309300900105},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/025764309300900105},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Studies in History},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and Irfan Habib, S.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tpages = {87--117},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1992\n \n \n (11)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science in India: The First Ten Years.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parthasarathi, A.; and Singh, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 27(35): 1852–1858. August 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{parthasarathi_science_1992,\n\ttitle = {Science in {India}: {The} {First} {Ten} {Years}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tabstract = {The first decade after independence saw the building up of the physical infrastructure for manpower training and scientific research and development, the setting up of new scientific agencies, the definition of specific policies for science and industry and the beginnings of the process of linking industrial research with the socio-economic planning process. All these developments were underpinned by a strong shared perspective between the leading science managers and the head of government in regard to the contribution which science could make to national development.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {35},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Parthasarathi, Ashhok and Singh, Baldey},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tkeywords = {Developing Countries, Development, Nation State, Nehruvian Science, Post-Independence India, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, State \\& Science},\n\tpages = {1852--1858},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The first decade after independence saw the building up of the physical infrastructure for manpower training and scientific research and development, the setting up of new scientific agencies, the definition of specific policies for science and industry and the beginnings of the process of linking industrial research with the socio-economic planning process. All these developments were underpinned by a strong shared perspective between the leading science managers and the head of government in regard to the contribution which science could make to national development.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Colonial “Model” and the Emergence of National Science in India: 1876–1920.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishna, V. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Petitjean, P.; Jami, C.; and Moulin, A. M., editor(s), Science and Empires: Historical Studies about Scientific Development and European Expansion, pages 57–72. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{krishna_colonial_1992,\n\taddress = {Dordrecht},\n\ttitle = {The {Colonial} “{Model}” and the {Emergence} of {National} {Science} in {India}: 1876–1920},\n\tisbn = {9789401125949},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Colonial} “{Model}” and the {Emergence} of {National} {Science} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2594-9_8},\n\tabstract = {Basalla’s three stages “model” for the spread of modern, Western science has in recent years come under serious criticism. The inadequacy of this diffusionist “model” to reflect sufficiently upon the sociocultural and politico-economic relations of Western science with recipient cultures continues to draw the attention of scholars. In doing so, the analysis of individual scientists, scientific institutions and the practice of science is increasingly brought within the ambit of sociology of knowledge in a historical mould. Such an approach enables us to penetrate beneath the contours of the colonial science “model” of Basalla to enquire how recipient cultures perceive and respond to Western science and how the experience of one society varies across other cultural contexts. Recognizing that a justification for such an exercise requires a larger work than the present paper, an attempt is made here to focus on the scientific enterprise in India during 1876–1920. It focuses largely on the period prominently categorized as colonial science by Basalla. Further, this paper attempts to examine Basalla’s inescapable conclusion that “colonial science contains in an embryonic form, some of the essential features of the next stage” through the definition of colonial scientist.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Empires}: {Historical} {Studies} about {Scientific} {Development} and {European} {Expansion}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Netherlands},\n\tauthor = {Krishna, V. V.},\n\teditor = {Petitjean, Patrick and Jami, Catherine and Moulin, Anne Marie},\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-94-011-2594-9_8},\n\tkeywords = {Basalla, George, Colonial Science, Historiographies, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Scientists, Social History of Science, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {57--72},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Basalla’s three stages “model” for the spread of modern, Western science has in recent years come under serious criticism. The inadequacy of this diffusionist “model” to reflect sufficiently upon the sociocultural and politico-economic relations of Western science with recipient cultures continues to draw the attention of scholars. In doing so, the analysis of individual scientists, scientific institutions and the practice of science is increasingly brought within the ambit of sociology of knowledge in a historical mould. Such an approach enables us to penetrate beneath the contours of the colonial science “model” of Basalla to enquire how recipient cultures perceive and respond to Western science and how the experience of one society varies across other cultural contexts. Recognizing that a justification for such an exercise requires a larger work than the present paper, an attempt is made here to focus on the scientific enterprise in India during 1876–1920. It focuses largely on the period prominently categorized as colonial science by Basalla. Further, this paper attempts to examine Basalla’s inescapable conclusion that “colonial science contains in an embryonic form, some of the essential features of the next stage” through the definition of colonial scientist.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The “Oriental-Occidental Controversy” of 1839 and Its Impact on Indian Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vasantha, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Petitjean, P.; Jami, C.; and Moulin, A. M., editor(s), Science and Empires: Historical Studies about Scientific Development and European Expansion, pages 49–56. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{vasantha_oriental-occidental_1992,\n\taddress = {Dordrecht},\n\ttitle = {The “{Oriental}-{Occidental} {Controversy}” of 1839 and {Its} {Impact} on {Indian} {Science}},\n\tisbn = {9789401125949},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2594-9_7},\n\tabstract = {India owes its introduction to modern science to the early European (Portuguese, Dutch, French and English) explorers, traders and missionaries. Through these contacts dating back to 16th century, the elements of civilization of the West and the spirit of rationalism began to produce an impact on the Indian mind. But when the English, who became the rulers, attempted to introduce English literature and Western science in the educational system, a bitter controversy erupted. After twelve years the controversy was finally settled by Macaulay in 1835. Popularly known as the “Oriental-Occidental controversy”, it had several dimensions and it was more than a linguistic battle1.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tbooktitle = {Science and {Empires}: {Historical} {Studies} about {Scientific} {Development} and {European} {Expansion}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Netherlands},\n\tauthor = {Vasantha, A.},\n\teditor = {Petitjean, Patrick and Jami, Catherine and Moulin, Anne Marie},\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-94-011-2594-9_7},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, British India, Colonial Science, Occidentalism, Orientalism, Science Education, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {49--56},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n India owes its introduction to modern science to the early European (Portuguese, Dutch, French and English) explorers, traders and missionaries. Through these contacts dating back to 16th century, the elements of civilization of the West and the spirit of rationalism began to produce an impact on the Indian mind. But when the English, who became the rulers, attempted to introduce English literature and Western science in the educational system, a bitter controversy erupted. After twelve years the controversy was finally settled by Macaulay in 1835. Popularly known as the “Oriental-Occidental controversy”, it had several dimensions and it was more than a linguistic battle1.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mathematical Foundations of a Cultural Project or Ramchandra's Treatise “Through the Unsentimentalised Light of Mathematics”.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Historia Mathematica, 19(4): 371–384. November 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raina_mathematical_1992,\n\ttitle = {Mathematical {Foundations} of a {Cultural} {Project} or {Ramchandra}'s {Treatise} “{Through} the {Unsentimentalised} {Light} of {Mathematics}”},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {0315-0860},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/031508609290003T},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/0315-0860(92)90003-T},\n\tabstract = {The nineteenth century witnessed a number of projects of cultural rapprochement between the knowledge traditions of the East and West. This paper discusses the attempt to render elementary calculus amenable to an Indian audience in the indigenous mathematical idiom, undertaken by an Indian polymath, Ramchandra. The exercise is specifically located in his book A Treatise on the Problems of Maxima and Minima. The paper goes on to discuss the “vocation of failure” of the book within the context of encounter and the pedagogy of mathematics.\nZusammenfassung\nDas 19. Jahrhundert erlebte eine Anzahl von Versuchen der kulturellen Annäherung zwischen den Wissenstraditionen des Osten und des Westens. Der Aufsatz erörtert den Versuch, den Calculus für eine indische Zuhörerschaft im einheimischen mathematischen Idiom elementar darzustellen, ein Versuch, der von Ramchandra unternommen wurde. Dies trifft vor allem auf sein Buch “A treatise on the problems of Maxima and Minima” zu. Der Aufsatz behandelt den Fehlschlag des Buches im Rahmen des kulturellen Kontextes und der Mathematikausbildung.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Historia Mathematica},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tkeywords = {Delhi, Domestication of science, Intelligentsia, Mathematics, Pedagogy, Social History of Science, Textbooks},\n\tpages = {371--384},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The nineteenth century witnessed a number of projects of cultural rapprochement between the knowledge traditions of the East and West. This paper discusses the attempt to render elementary calculus amenable to an Indian audience in the indigenous mathematical idiom, undertaken by an Indian polymath, Ramchandra. The exercise is specifically located in his book A Treatise on the Problems of Maxima and Minima. The paper goes on to discuss the “vocation of failure” of the book within the context of encounter and the pedagogy of mathematics. Zusammenfassung Das 19. Jahrhundert erlebte eine Anzahl von Versuchen der kulturellen Annäherung zwischen den Wissenstraditionen des Osten und des Westens. Der Aufsatz erörtert den Versuch, den Calculus für eine indische Zuhörerschaft im einheimischen mathematischen Idiom elementar darzustellen, ein Versuch, der von Ramchandra unternommen wurde. Dies trifft vor allem auf sein Buch “A treatise on the problems of Maxima and Minima” zu. Der Aufsatz behandelt den Fehlschlag des Buches im Rahmen des kulturellen Kontextes und der Mathematikausbildung.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indigenous Medicine and Cultural Hegemony: A Study of the Revitalization Movement in Keralam.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Panikkar, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Studies in History, 8(2): 283–308. August 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{panikkar_indigenous_1992,\n\ttitle = {Indigenous {Medicine} and {Cultural} {Hegemony}: {A} {Study} of the {Revitalization} {Movement} in {Keralam}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0257-6430, 0973-080X},\n\tshorttitle = {Indigenous medicine and cultural hegemony},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/025764309200800206},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/025764309200800206},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)\nAbout the revitaisation of Ayurveda in the ninteenth century Keralam.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-07-28},\n\tjournal = {Studies in History},\n\tauthor = {Panikkar, K.N.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Colonial Medicine, Colonialism, Kerala, Modernization of Ayurveda, Science Magazines, Social History of Medicine, Traditional Medicine, Varier, PS},\n\tpages = {283--308},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available) About the revitaisation of Ayurveda in the ninteenth century Keralam.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Empires: Historical Studies about Scientific Development and European Expansion.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Petitjean, P.; Jami, C.; and Moulin, A. M.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n of Boston Studies in the Philosophy of ScienceKluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1992.\n Google-Books-ID: 8LbvCAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{petitjean_science_1992,\n\taddress = {Dordrecht},\n\tseries = {Boston {Studies} in the {Philosophy} of {Science}},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Empires}: {Historical} {Studies} about {Scientific} {Development} and {European} {Expansion}},\n\tisbn = {978-94-010-5145-3},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and {Empires}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Science_and_Empires/8LbvCAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1},\n\tabstract = {SCIENCE AND EMPIRES: FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM TO THE BOOK Patrick PETITJEAN, Catherine JAMI and Anne Marie MOULIN The International Colloquium "Science and Empires - Historical Studies about Scientific De velopment and European Expansion" is the product of an International Colloquium, "Sciences and Empires - A Comparative History of Scien tific Exchanges: European Expansion and Scientific Development in Asian, African, American and Oceanian Countries". Organized by the REHSEIS group (Research on Epistemology and History of Exact Sciences and Scientific Institutions) of CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), the colloquium was held from 3 to 6 April 1990 in the UNESCO building in Paris. This colloquium was an idea of Professor Roshdi Rashed who initiated this field of studies in France some years ago, and proposed "Sciences and Empires" as one of the main research programmes for the The project to organize such a colloquium was a bit REHSEIS group. of a gamble. Its subject, reflected in the title "Sciences and Empires", is not a currently-accepted sub-discipline of the history of science; rather, it refers to a set of questions which found autonomy only recently. The terminology was strongly debated by the participants and, as is frequently suggested in this book, awaits fuller clarification.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tpublisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},\n\teditor = {Petitjean, P. and Jami, Cathérine and Moulin, A. M.},\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 8LbvCAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Asia, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Comparative Analysis, De Zoysa, A., Empire and Science, Global Histroy, Global South, Habib, S. Irfan, Historiographies, India, Krishna, V.V., Kumar, Deepak, Palitharatna, C.D., Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Rahman, Abdur, Sangwan, Satpal, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science, Sri Lanka, Vasantha, A.},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n SCIENCE AND EMPIRES: FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM TO THE BOOK Patrick PETITJEAN, Catherine JAMI and Anne Marie MOULIN The International Colloquium \"Science and Empires - Historical Studies about Scientific De velopment and European Expansion\" is the product of an International Colloquium, \"Sciences and Empires - A Comparative History of Scien tific Exchanges: European Expansion and Scientific Development in Asian, African, American and Oceanian Countries\". Organized by the REHSEIS group (Research on Epistemology and History of Exact Sciences and Scientific Institutions) of CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), the colloquium was held from 3 to 6 April 1990 in the UNESCO building in Paris. This colloquium was an idea of Professor Roshdi Rashed who initiated this field of studies in France some years ago, and proposed \"Sciences and Empires\" as one of the main research programmes for the The project to organize such a colloquium was a bit REHSEIS group. of a gamble. Its subject, reflected in the title \"Sciences and Empires\", is not a currently-accepted sub-discipline of the history of science; rather, it refers to a set of questions which found autonomy only recently. The terminology was strongly debated by the participants and, as is frequently suggested in this book, awaits fuller clarification.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nuclear power in India The costs of independence.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhargava, G. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Energy Policy, 20(8): 735–743. August 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bhargava_nuclear_1992,\n\tseries = {The first 50 years of nuclear power: legacy and lessons - {Part} 2},\n\ttitle = {Nuclear power in {India} {The} costs of independence},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {0301-4215},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030142159290034Y},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/0301-4215(92)90034-Y},\n\tabstract = {The history of nuclear power in India can be split into the period before the Pokharan nuclear explosion in 1974, and the period after it. Before 1974 there existed a clear long-term strategy which envisaged the eventual exploitation as a nuclear fuel of India's substantial thorium reserves. International collaboration was essential to this phase of development. With the militarization of the programme, the object of producing affordable electricity mutated into one of producing unsafeguarded plutonium, at whatever cost. The loss of substantial technical collaboration has been a factor in the poor performance and high production costs of Indian nuclear electricity. Until recently, the secrecy which surrounded the nuclear programme protected it from public scrutiny. Political, economic and structural reforms now taking place in India are likely to have a profound effect on the future viability of the programme.},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Energy Policy},\n\tauthor = {Bhargava, G. S.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tkeywords = {Defense research, India, Military, National Security, Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear energy, Nuclear weapons, Technology \\& Society, War},\n\tpages = {735--743},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The history of nuclear power in India can be split into the period before the Pokharan nuclear explosion in 1974, and the period after it. Before 1974 there existed a clear long-term strategy which envisaged the eventual exploitation as a nuclear fuel of India's substantial thorium reserves. International collaboration was essential to this phase of development. With the militarization of the programme, the object of producing affordable electricity mutated into one of producing unsafeguarded plutonium, at whatever cost. The loss of substantial technical collaboration has been a factor in the poor performance and high production costs of Indian nuclear electricity. Until recently, the secrecy which surrounded the nuclear programme protected it from public scrutiny. Political, economic and structural reforms now taking place in India are likely to have a profound effect on the future viability of the programme.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n India's \"Strategic Enclave\": Civilian Scientists and Military Technologies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Armed Forces & Society, 18(2): 231–252. January 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{abraham_indias_1992,\n\ttitle = {India's "{Strategic} {Enclave}": {Civilian} {Scientists} and {Military} {Technologies}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0095-327X, 1556-0848},\n\tshorttitle = {India's "{Strategic} {Enclave}"},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0095327X9201800205},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0095327X9201800205},\n\tabstract = {The Indian security complex has become a diversified set of establishments, which have grown up around two models. The first model is based on a top-down system, less suited to technological innovation and development, which concentrates on licensed production and production for the civilian market. The second model is a flexible, project-oriented system, which has been able to produce both a nuclear device and ballistic missiles. This article examines some important factors driving the latter model, which is responsible for India's growing strategic capability. The focus is on the efforts of a civilian scientific elite, which entered the security sector due to its control of dual-use high technologies and the failure to fulfill its original mandate of cheap nuclear power.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Armed Forces \\& Society},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Itty},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tkeywords = {Defense research, India, Military, National Security, Scientific elites, War},\n\tpages = {231--252},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Indian security complex has become a diversified set of establishments, which have grown up around two models. The first model is based on a top-down system, less suited to technological innovation and development, which concentrates on licensed production and production for the civilian market. The second model is a flexible, project-oriented system, which has been able to produce both a nuclear device and ballistic missiles. This article examines some important factors driving the latter model, which is responsible for India's growing strategic capability. The focus is on the efforts of a civilian scientific elite, which entered the security sector due to its control of dual-use high technologies and the failure to fulfill its original mandate of cheap nuclear power.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Policy and Parliament.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 27(45): 2413–2414. November 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharma_science_1992,\n\ttitle = {Science {Policy} and {Parliament}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tabstract = {That there is so little debate on science in parliament is a reflection of the fact that neither scientists nor people's representative have much say in science policy-making.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {45},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Dhirendra},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tkeywords = {Parliamentary Debates, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Science and Democracy},\n\tpages = {2413--2414},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n That there is so little debate on science in parliament is a reflection of the fact that neither scientists nor people's representative have much say in science policy-making.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science \"Gone Native\" in Colonial India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prakash, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Representations, 40(Autumn): 153–178. 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{prakash_science_1992,\n\ttitle = {Science "{Gone} {Native}" in {Colonial} {India}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2928743},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2928743},\n\tabstract = {If the Emergence of science in the late nineteenth century as a sign of Western power constituted the "native" as an object of scientific discourse,'\nthe enactment of this process displaced the representations-Western science versus "native superstition"-of colonial domination. In this essay, I explore such displacements in British India, tracing how the deployment of science to appropriate (normalize, make appropriate) India also produced "inappropriate" transformations. I examine these "inappropriate" transformations in the functioning of museums and exhibitions as sites for representing science in British India during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, arguing that the staging of science also enacted other performances.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {Autumn},\n\tjournal = {Representations},\n\tauthor = {Prakash, Gyan},\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Domestication of science, Intellectual History, Social History of Science, Subaltern Studies},\n\tpages = {153--178},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n If the Emergence of science in the late nineteenth century as a sign of Western power constituted the \"native\" as an object of scientific discourse,' the enactment of this process displaced the representations-Western science versus \"native superstition\"-of colonial domination. In this essay, I explore such displacements in British India, tracing how the deployment of science to appropriate (normalize, make appropriate) India also produced \"inappropriate\" transformations. I examine these \"inappropriate\" transformations in the functioning of museums and exhibitions as sites for representing science in British India during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, arguing that the staging of science also enacted other performances.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Development and Violence: The Revolt Against Modernity.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alvares, C. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1992.\n Google-Books-ID: jpO4AAAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{alvares_science_1992,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Development} and {Violence}: {The} {Revolt} {Against} {Modernity}},\n\tisbn = {9780195629149},\n\tshorttitle = {Science, {Development} and {Violence}},\n\tabstract = {This book offers a lively and acute assessment of the actual aims, methods, and results of the development process, as against its ostensible aims. The author asks several questions: Why is there such a mystical aura about the term 'development'? What are its underlying assumptions? Who is being 'developed', and to whose advantage? He also considers the fact that such 'development', which had promised a golden future to the 'backward' countries of the South, is now increasingly an excuse for mere plunder and violence directed both against Man and his environment. Can such views of development be countered? The author discusses resistance movements in India and other countries, such as the Philippines, and the reasons for the success of such resistance. Finally, there is the question of alternatives: if the clock cannot be turned back, can it be slowed down? Or turned in another direction? The author's views on these questions, which concern the thinking observer as much as the 'development expert' or policy-maker, make this book of enormous topical relevance.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Alvares, Claude Alphonso},\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: jpO4AAAAIAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book offers a lively and acute assessment of the actual aims, methods, and results of the development process, as against its ostensible aims. The author asks several questions: Why is there such a mystical aura about the term 'development'? What are its underlying assumptions? Who is being 'developed', and to whose advantage? He also considers the fact that such 'development', which had promised a golden future to the 'backward' countries of the South, is now increasingly an excuse for mere plunder and violence directed both against Man and his environment. Can such views of development be countered? The author discusses resistance movements in India and other countries, such as the Philippines, and the reasons for the success of such resistance. Finally, there is the question of alternatives: if the clock cannot be turned back, can it be slowed down? Or turned in another direction? The author's views on these questions, which concern the thinking observer as much as the 'development expert' or policy-maker, make this book of enormous topical relevance.\n
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\n\n \n \n 1991\n \n \n (26)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Islam and Science: Religious Orthodoxy and the Battle for Rationality.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hoodbhoy, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zed Books, London & New Jersey, 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{hoodbhoy_islam_1991,\n\taddress = {London \\& New Jersey},\n\ttitle = {Islam and {Science}: {Religious} {Orthodoxy} and the {Battle} for {Rationality}},\n\tisbn = {856490246, 1856490254},\n\turl = {Islam-and-Science-BOOK.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Islam and Science explores the relationship between scientific thought and Islamic theory and practice, both historically and in the contemporary Muslim world. The author's controversial, but important, contention is that science in these countries today is in an appalling state, and that religious orthodoxy and the rise of \nundamentalism are responsible. His book thus deals with one of the criticall actors likely to determine the success or otherwise with which the Muslim world responds to the accelerating challenges of scientific and technological advance. Despite the ludicrous excesses of scientific obscurantism (wittily described\nhere) which so-called Islamic Science has recently given rise to in countries like Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, Dr Hoodbhoy suggests that there is no necessary conflict between Islam and Science; on the contrary, during the\nGolden Age of Muslim rule, there was for several centuries a sustained flowering of scientilic thought which continued until a threatening religious\northodoxy launched a sustained attack on rational thought. This courageous and original book ranges over the whole span of Muslim history and Islamic debate in seeking answers to the fundamental questions which it poses, including why in the end the scientific revolution did not take place under Islam. It is a seminal contribution to our understanding of the future development prospects of Muslim societies, as well as an incisive and policy-relevant critique of current educational policy and practice.},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tpublisher = {Zed Books},\n\tauthor = {Hoodbhoy, Pervez},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Islam \\& Science, Islam/Muslim, Islamic Medicine, Islamic science, Pakistan, Salam, Abdus, Science and Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Islam and Science explores the relationship between scientific thought and Islamic theory and practice, both historically and in the contemporary Muslim world. The author's controversial, but important, contention is that science in these countries today is in an appalling state, and that religious orthodoxy and the rise of undamentalism are responsible. His book thus deals with one of the criticall actors likely to determine the success or otherwise with which the Muslim world responds to the accelerating challenges of scientific and technological advance. Despite the ludicrous excesses of scientific obscurantism (wittily described here) which so-called Islamic Science has recently given rise to in countries like Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, Dr Hoodbhoy suggests that there is no necessary conflict between Islam and Science; on the contrary, during the Golden Age of Muslim rule, there was for several centuries a sustained flowering of scientilic thought which continued until a threatening religious orthodoxy launched a sustained attack on rational thought. This courageous and original book ranges over the whole span of Muslim history and Islamic debate in seeking answers to the fundamental questions which it poses, including why in the end the scientific revolution did not take place under Islam. It is a seminal contribution to our understanding of the future development prospects of Muslim societies, as well as an incisive and policy-relevant critique of current educational policy and practice.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Empire: Essays in Indian Context (1700-1947).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Anamika Prakashan, Delhi, 1991.\n Google-Books-ID: 6AUo1IYADckC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{kumar_science_1991,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Empire}: {Essays} in {Indian} {Context} (1700-1947)},\n\tisbn = {9788185150192},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and {Empire}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Anamika Prakashan},\n\teditor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 6AUo1IYADckC},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Colonial Science, Empire and Science, India, Madras, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Rahman, Abdur, Silk Production, Tamil Nadu, Textiles},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Towards a Science and Technology Policy for India: A Note.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Siddhartha, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociological Bulletin, 40(1-2): 151–154. March 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{siddhartha_towards_1991,\n\tseries = {Special {Issue}},\n\ttitle = {Towards a {Science} and {Technology} {Policy} for {India}: {A} {Note}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0038-0229, 2457-0257},\n\tshorttitle = {Towards a {Science} and {Technology} {Policy} for {India}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022919910110},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0038022919910110},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Sociological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Siddhartha, V.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {S\\&T Policy, Sociology of Science, Special Issue},\n\tpages = {151--154},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific Goods and their Markets.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Adhikari, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociological Bulletin, 40(1-2): 133–150. March 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{adhikari_scientific_1991,\n\tseries = {Special {Issue}},\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Goods} and their {Markets}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0038-0229, 2457-0257},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022919910109},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0038022919910109},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Sociological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Adhikari, Kamini},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Economy, Sociology of Science, Special Issue},\n\tpages = {133--150},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n People’s Science: A Perspective from the Voluntary Sector.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rajan, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociological Bulletin, 40(1-2): 123–132. March 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{rajan_peoples_1991,\n\tseries = {Special {Issue}},\n\ttitle = {People’s {Science}: {A} {Perspective} from the {Voluntary} {Sector}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0038-0229, 2457-0257},\n\tshorttitle = {People’s {Science}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022919910108},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0038022919910108},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Sociological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Rajan, Vithal},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Civil Society, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Public Engagement with S\\&T, Sociology of Science, Special Issue, Voluntary Organisations},\n\tpages = {123--132},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Green Revolution Technologies and Dryland Agriculture.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Aurora, G. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociological Bulletin, 40(1-2): 109–121. March 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{aurora_green_1991,\n\tseries = {Special {Issue}},\n\ttitle = {Green {Revolution} {Technologies} and {Dryland} {Agriculture}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0038-0229, 2457-0257},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022919910107},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0038022919910107},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Sociological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Aurora, G. S.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, Dryland Agriculture, Green Revolution in India, ICRISAT, Sociology of Science, Special Issue, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {109--121},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Emergence of the Indian Scientific Community.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krishna, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociological Bulletin, 40(1-2): 89–107. March 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{krishna_emergence_1991,\n\tseries = {Special {Issue}},\n\ttitle = {The {Emergence} of the {Indian} {Scientific} {Community}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0038-0229, 2457-0257},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022919910106},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0038022919910106},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Sociological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Krishna, V.V.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Scientific Community, Scientific Elites, Scientists, Social History of Science, Sociology of Science, Special Issue},\n\tpages = {89--107},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Large Community but Few Peers: A Study of the Scientific Community in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Haribabu, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociological Bulletin, 40(1-2): 77–88. March 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{haribabu_large_1991,\n\tseries = {Special {Issue}},\n\ttitle = {A {Large} {Community} but {Few} {Peers}: {A} {Study} of the {Scientific} {Community} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0038-0229, 2457-0257},\n\tshorttitle = {A {Large} {Community} but {Few} {Peers}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022919910105},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0038022919910105},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Sociological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Haribabu, E.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {India, S\\&T System in India, Scientific Community, Sociology of Science, Special Issue},\n\tpages = {77--88},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Technology and Society’s Studies in India: An Introduction.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramasubban, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sociological Bulletin, 40(1-2): 69–75. March 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ramasubban_science_1991,\n\ttitle = {Science, {Technology} and {Society}’s {Studies} in {India}: {An} {Introduction}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0038-0229, 2457-0257},\n\tshorttitle = {Science, {Technology} and {Society}’s {Studies} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022919910104},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0038022919910104},\n\tabstract = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Science, Technology and Society's Studies in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Sociological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Ramasubban, Radhika},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {India, Sociology of Science, Special Issue},\n\tpages = {69--75},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Introduction to the Special Issue on Science, Technology and Society's Studies in India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reflections on Tradition, Centre and Periphery and the Universal Validity of Science: The Significance of the Life of S. Ramanujan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shils, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Minerva, 29(4): 393–419. December 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shils_reflections_1991,\n\ttitle = {Reflections on {Tradition}, {Centre} and {Periphery} and the {Universal} {Validity} of {Science}: {The} {Significance} of the {Life} of {S}. {Ramanujan}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {1573-1871},\n\tshorttitle = {Reflections on tradition, centre and periphery and the universal validity of science},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01113489},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF01113489},\n\tabstract = {"A powerful mind is not bound entirely by its scientific tradition; if it were, there could be no growth of scientific knowledge. Nor is it entirely bound by the non-scientific traditions of the society in which it has grown up. The experience of Srinivasa Ramanujan is a very good testing ground for this assertion. Ramanujan remained all his life an observant and probably believing Hindu, devoted to his deities and especially to\nNamagiri, the goddess of his family; he adhererd strictly to Hindu rituals and rules of life, except for breaking the prohibition on "sea-voyage". In this sense, Ramanujan remained within his indigenous non-scientific\ntradition. In mathematics, however, there is no indication that he worked forward directly from the tradition of Hindu mathematics. When he was a\nstudent in the Town High School at Kumbakonam and the Government College there, and then at achaiyappa's College, he made his first connection with the tradition of the mathematics which had developed in Europe in modern times. "\n[From the article]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Minerva},\n\tauthor = {Shils, Edward},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Cambridge University, Epistemology, Hinduism, Intellectual History, Madras, Mathematics, Ramanujan, Srinivasa, Relativism, Science \\& Culture, Tamil Nadu},\n\tpages = {393--419},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"A powerful mind is not bound entirely by its scientific tradition; if it were, there could be no growth of scientific knowledge. Nor is it entirely bound by the non-scientific traditions of the society in which it has grown up. The experience of Srinivasa Ramanujan is a very good testing ground for this assertion. Ramanujan remained all his life an observant and probably believing Hindu, devoted to his deities and especially to Namagiri, the goddess of his family; he adhererd strictly to Hindu rituals and rules of life, except for breaking the prohibition on \"sea-voyage\". In this sense, Ramanujan remained within his indigenous non-scientific tradition. In mathematics, however, there is no indication that he worked forward directly from the tradition of Hindu mathematics. When he was a student in the Town High School at Kumbakonam and the Government College there, and then at achaiyappa's College, he made his first connection with the tradition of the mathematics which had developed in Europe in modern times. \" [From the article]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Is Modern Science a Western, Patriarchal Myth? A Critique of the Populist Orthodoxy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nanda, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n South Asia Bulletin, 11(1 & 2): 32–61. August 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{nanda_is_1991,\n\ttitle = {Is {Modern} {Science} a {Western}, {Patriarchal} {Myth}? {A} {Critique} of the {Populist} {Orthodoxy}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1089-201X, 1548-226X},\n\turl = {https://read.dukeupress.edu/cssaame/article/11/1_and_2/32/34070/Is-Modern-Science-a-Western-Patriarchal-Myth-A},\n\tdoi = {10.1215/07323867-11-1_and_2-32},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1 \\& 2},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {South Asia Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Nanda, Meera},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemology, Post colonial Science, Rationalism},\n\tpages = {32--61},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific and Technical Education in India (1781-1900).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sen, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sen_scientific_1991,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Scientific and {Technical} {Education} in {India} (1781-1900)},\n\turl = {https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/scientific-and-technical-education-in-india-1781-1900-old-and-rare-book-hbh045/},\n\tabstract = {A history of the development of scientific and technical education in India during the nineteenth century.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tpublisher = {Indian National Science Academy},\n\tauthor = {Sen, S.N.},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {18th Century, 19th Century, History of University, Science Education},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A history of the development of scientific and technical education in India during the nineteenth century.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Technology and Colonisation: An Indian Experience 1757-1857.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sangwan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Anamika Prakashan, Delhi, 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sangwan_science_1991,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Technology} and {Colonisation}: {An} {Indian} {Experience} 1757-1857},\n\tisbn = {81-85150-11-9},\n\turl = {https://archive.org/details/sciencetechnolog0000sang/page/n5/mode/2up},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tpublisher = {Anamika Prakashan},\n\tauthor = {Sangwan, Satpal},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {18th Century, 19th Century, Colonial Science, India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Anti‐Nuclear Campaign on the Ganges: Report from an Activist.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science as Culture, 2(3): 426–442. January 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharma_antinuclear_1991,\n\ttitle = {The {Anti}‐{Nuclear} {Campaign} on the {Ganges}: {Report} from an {Activist}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {0950-5431, 1470-1189},\n\tshorttitle = {The anti‐nuclear campaign on the {Ganges}},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09505439109526317},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/09505439109526317},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Science as Culture},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Dhirendra},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Activism, India, Memoirs, Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear energy, S\\&T Governance, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {426--442},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific Standards and Colonial Education in British India and French Senegal.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Adas, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Meade, T. A.; and Walker, M., editor(s), Science, Medicine and Cultural Imperialism, pages 4–35. MacMillan, Hampshire & London, June 1991.\n Google-Books-ID: S_2vCwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{meade_scientific_1991,\n\taddress = {Hampshire \\& London},\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Standards} and {Colonial} {Education} in {British} {India} and {French} {Senegal}},\n\tisbn = {9781349124459},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Science, {Medicine} and {Cultural} {Imperialism}},\n\tpublisher = {MacMillan},\n\tauthor = {Adas, Michael},\n\teditor = {Meade, Teresa A. and Walker, Mark},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: S\\_2vCwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonialism, Comparative Analysis, French Imperialism, French Senegal, India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Science Education, Scientific Standrads},\n\tpages = {4--35},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Technology and Imperialism in the Indian Context: The Case of Steamboats 1819-1839.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sangwan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Meade, T. A.; and Walker, M., editor(s), Science, Medicine and Cultural Imperialism, pages 60–74. MacMillan, Hampshire & London, June 1991.\n Google-Books-ID: S_2vCwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{meade_technology_1991,\n\taddress = {Hampshire \\& London},\n\ttitle = {Technology and {Imperialism} in the {Indian} {Context}: {The} {Case} of {Steamboats} 1819-1839},\n\tisbn = {9781349124459},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Science, {Medicine} and {Cultural} {Imperialism}},\n\tpublisher = {MacMillan},\n\tauthor = {Sangwan, Satpal},\n\teditor = {Meade, Teresa A. and Walker, Mark},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: S\\_2vCwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonialism, Imperialism, India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Technology, Technology \\& Society, Transportation},\n\tpages = {60--74},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n History of Science and Technology in Ancient India: Formation of the Theoretical Fundamentals of Natural Science.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyaya, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume II South Asia Books, August 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{chattopadhyaya_history_1991,\n\ttitle = {History of {Science} and {Technology} in {Ancient} {India}: {Formation} of the {Theoretical} {Fundamentals} of {Natural} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {II},\n\tisbn = {9780836426465},\n\tshorttitle = {History of {Science} and {Technology} in {Ancient} {India}},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tpublisher = {South Asia Books},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Sanskrit Texts, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Social History of Science, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A Critical Analysis of the Medical Compilations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyaya, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India International Quarterly, 18(2-3): 179–203. 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{chattopadhyaya_critical_1991,\n\ttitle = {A {Critical} {Analysis} of the {Medical} {Compilations}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2-3},\n\tjournal = {India International Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Ayurveda, Sanskrit Texts, Social History of Medicine, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {179--203},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n India's Lopsided Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 47(4): 32–36. May 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharma_indias_1991,\n\ttitle = {India's {Lopsided} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {0096-3402, 1938-3282},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.1991.11459973},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00963402.1991.11459973},\n\tabstract = {"...Indian science today, which is heavily skewed toward nuclear, military, and space research, has failed to deliver significant advances either to the scientific world at large or to the Indian people. Despite repeated official claims that India is among the top ten industrialized nations in the world, with the third\nlargest stock of scientific and technological personnel, the country's science and technology enterprise has had little effect on the daily lives of millions of Indians. Why has Indian science, for all its early promise, failed to become a vector of social change? "\n[From the Introduction]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Dhirendra},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {India, Nehruvian Science, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Social Change},\n\tpages = {32--36},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"...Indian science today, which is heavily skewed toward nuclear, military, and space research, has failed to deliver significant advances either to the scientific world at large or to the Indian people. Despite repeated official claims that India is among the top ten industrialized nations in the world, with the third largest stock of scientific and technological personnel, the country's science and technology enterprise has had little effect on the daily lives of millions of Indians. Why has Indian science, for all its early promise, failed to become a vector of social change? \" [From the Introduction]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Technology in History.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Inkster, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Macmillan Education UK, London, 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{inkster_science_1991,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Technology} in {History}},\n\tcopyright = {http://www.springer.com/tdm},\n\tisbn = {9780333428580 9781349213399},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-349-21339-9},\n\tabstract = {Science and technology are now recognised as the crucial components of economic development in poor nations, the motors of growth in developing economies, and in contemporary advanced societies. Yet the relationships between science and technology on one hand, and between science-technology and economic modernisation on the other, are little understood and forever changing. This book is about the dynamic connections between science, technology and economic development from the eighteenth century to the present day. Extended treatments of Japan, China and India ensure that the text is not so overtly eurocentric. The book is designed for undergraduate students in economic and social history, science and technology studies and in economic development, as well as for use in more generalised courses in the social sciences.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tpublisher = {Macmillan Education UK},\n\tauthor = {Inkster, Ian},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-1-349-21339-9},\n\tkeywords = {India, Industrialisation, Technological innovation, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Science and technology are now recognised as the crucial components of economic development in poor nations, the motors of growth in developing economies, and in contemporary advanced societies. Yet the relationships between science and technology on one hand, and between science-technology and economic modernisation on the other, are little understood and forever changing. This book is about the dynamic connections between science, technology and economic development from the eighteenth century to the present day. Extended treatments of Japan, China and India ensure that the text is not so overtly eurocentric. The book is designed for undergraduate students in economic and social history, science and technology studies and in economic development, as well as for use in more generalised courses in the social sciences.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Technical Institutes in Colonial India Kala Bhavan, Baroda (1890-1990).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; and Habib, S. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 26(46): 2619–2624. 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raina_technical_1991,\n\ttitle = {Technical {Institutes} in {Colonial} {India} {Kala} {Bhavan}, {Baroda} (1890-1990)},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tissn = {0012-9976},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4398303},\n\tabstract = {Technical institutes set up in the native states in colonial India did not offer engineering degrees as did the universities, but only turned out a generation of middle and lower rung technicians. With the Presidency towns serving as metropolises, the native states became the provinces, reflecting the hierarchisation of the distribution of knowledge as well as power.},\n\tnumber = {46},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and Habib, S. Irfan},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Baroda, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Domestication of science, India, Intelligentsia, Princely States in India, Science \\& Culture, Technical education, University},\n\tpages = {2619--2624},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Technical institutes set up in the native states in colonial India did not offer engineering degrees as did the universities, but only turned out a generation of middle and lower rung technicians. With the Presidency towns serving as metropolises, the native states became the provinces, reflecting the hierarchisation of the distribution of knowledge as well as power.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Imperialism and Medicine in Bengal: A Socio-historical Perspective.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bala, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sage Publications, 1991.\n Google-Books-ID: 2AAZYgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bala_imperialism_1991,\n\ttitle = {Imperialism and {Medicine} in {Bengal}: {A} {Socio}-historical {Perspective}},\n\tisbn = {9788170362456},\n\tshorttitle = {Imperialism and {Medicine} in {Bengal}},\n\tabstract = {This book assesses the impact of imperial policies on the medical profession in Bengal during colonial rule and covers the period 1800-1947. Dr. Poonam Bala first discusses the Indigenous medical systems which prevailed in ancient and medieval India. She examines the relationship between the ruling powers and the practitioners of the Ayurveda and Unani systems which were, on the whole, positive and led to the growth of both these medical systems under royal patronage. With the advent of British rule in Bengal this relationship began to change. The major part of the author's analysis is concerned with the Bengali experience of colonial administration and Western medicine as the last major challenge to the indigenous medical systems. The period under study was one in which Western medical science was changing rapidly and becoming increasingly professional: The attempt to impose a similar pattern on the Indian systems of medicine led eventually to a conflict of interest between the two, instead of the peaceful co-existence which had prevailed at first. By the end of the nineteenth century, advances in Western medicine had undermined and eroded the similarities in approach and practice which had earlier made extensive cooperation at least a possibility. Dr. Bala discusses this attempt of the Western system to assert hegemony over its indigenous counterparts in Bengal, especially by trying to root itself in the emergent English-speaking elite--the Bhadralok. However, in the final analysis, this effort did not succeed completely because of the great social and religious differences between the two cultures. Thus, although, state policies were formulated to serve British commercial and administrative interests, these could never quite overwhelm the interests of the indigenous population or the medical practitioners who served them. Ultimately, according to the author, medical practices in the period under study have to be understood in terms of both competition and accommodation in the context of a general trend towards the professionalisation and commercialisation of medicine. A book which will command attention not only in departments of medicine but also among anthropologists, historians, political scientists and sociologists.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Sage Publications},\n\tauthor = {Bala, Poonam},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 2AAZYgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ayurveda, Bengal, Colonial History, Colonial Medicine, India, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This book assesses the impact of imperial policies on the medical profession in Bengal during colonial rule and covers the period 1800-1947. Dr. Poonam Bala first discusses the Indigenous medical systems which prevailed in ancient and medieval India. She examines the relationship between the ruling powers and the practitioners of the Ayurveda and Unani systems which were, on the whole, positive and led to the growth of both these medical systems under royal patronage. With the advent of British rule in Bengal this relationship began to change. The major part of the author's analysis is concerned with the Bengali experience of colonial administration and Western medicine as the last major challenge to the indigenous medical systems. The period under study was one in which Western medical science was changing rapidly and becoming increasingly professional: The attempt to impose a similar pattern on the Indian systems of medicine led eventually to a conflict of interest between the two, instead of the peaceful co-existence which had prevailed at first. By the end of the nineteenth century, advances in Western medicine had undermined and eroded the similarities in approach and practice which had earlier made extensive cooperation at least a possibility. Dr. Bala discusses this attempt of the Western system to assert hegemony over its indigenous counterparts in Bengal, especially by trying to root itself in the emergent English-speaking elite–the Bhadralok. However, in the final analysis, this effort did not succeed completely because of the great social and religious differences between the two cultures. Thus, although, state policies were formulated to serve British commercial and administrative interests, these could never quite overwhelm the interests of the indigenous population or the medical practitioners who served them. Ultimately, according to the author, medical practices in the period under study have to be understood in terms of both competition and accommodation in the context of a general trend towards the professionalisation and commercialisation of medicine. A book which will command attention not only in departments of medicine but also among anthropologists, historians, political scientists and sociologists.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Tawhid and Science: Essays on the History and Philosophy of Islamic Science.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bakar, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Secratariat for Islamic Philosophy and Science, Penang, 1991.\n Google-Books-ID: 0DDYAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bakar_tawhid_1991,\n\taddress = {Penang},\n\ttitle = {Tawhid and {Science}: {Essays} on the {History} and {Philosophy} of {Islamic} {Science}},\n\tisbn = {9789679840391},\n\tshorttitle = {Tawhid and {Science}},\n\tabstract = {From the foreword to the 1st edition: "The essays presented in this book deal with the various facets of the history and philosophy of Islamic science. By 'Islamic science' we mean the totality of the mathematical and natural sciences, including psychology and cognitive science, cultivated in Islamic culture and civilization for more than a millennium beginning from the 3rd century of the Islamic era (the 9th century of the Christian era).\nThese sciences are Islamic not just because they have been produced by Muslims. As a matter of fact, many non-Muslims made important contributions to the growth and development of Islamic science. Rather. these sciences deserve the name 'Islamic science' because they are, conceptually speaking, organically related to the fundamental teachings of Islam, the most important of which is the principle of al-tawḥīd. This book seeks to reveal different dimensions of the organic link between al-tawḥīd and science as seen through Muslim scientific eyes.\nThe essays cover four major themes, namely, (1) the epistemological foundation of Islamic science, (2) Man, Nature, and God in Islamic science, (3) Islamic science and the West, and (4) Islam and modern science. Through these essays, we seek to convey the important message that Islamic science, the most immediate predecessor of modern science, shares with the latter many outstanding features such as the rational and logical nature of its language, the adoption of scientific and experimental methods of inquiry, and the international character of its scientific practice and organization.\nHowever, we strongly feel that it is incumbent on us to highlight the fact that there are also important differences between the two sciences. Islamic science is at the same time of a religious character in the sense that it is consciously based upon the metaphysical, cosmological, epistemological, and ethical and moral principles of Islam. In light of its spiritual and moral conception of nature, Islamic science adopts goals and methodological principles that are different in several respects from those of modern science. In Islamic culture, the place of science in relation to other branches of knowledge such as the religious and social sciences is also somewhat different from the one we see in modern Western culture.\nA salient feature of our essays is their interdisciplinary character. We have also adopted a blend of historical and philosophical approaches to the study of Islamic science. We hope this book is of value to all who are concerned with the problem of knowledge in all its dimensions, whatever their discipline.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Secratariat for Islamic Philosophy and Science},\n\tauthor = {Bakar, Osman},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0DDYAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Islamic Medicine, Islamic science, Science and Religion},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n From the foreword to the 1st edition: \"The essays presented in this book deal with the various facets of the history and philosophy of Islamic science. By 'Islamic science' we mean the totality of the mathematical and natural sciences, including psychology and cognitive science, cultivated in Islamic culture and civilization for more than a millennium beginning from the 3rd century of the Islamic era (the 9th century of the Christian era). These sciences are Islamic not just because they have been produced by Muslims. As a matter of fact, many non-Muslims made important contributions to the growth and development of Islamic science. Rather. these sciences deserve the name 'Islamic science' because they are, conceptually speaking, organically related to the fundamental teachings of Islam, the most important of which is the principle of al-tawḥīd. This book seeks to reveal different dimensions of the organic link between al-tawḥīd and science as seen through Muslim scientific eyes. The essays cover four major themes, namely, (1) the epistemological foundation of Islamic science, (2) Man, Nature, and God in Islamic science, (3) Islamic science and the West, and (4) Islam and modern science. Through these essays, we seek to convey the important message that Islamic science, the most immediate predecessor of modern science, shares with the latter many outstanding features such as the rational and logical nature of its language, the adoption of scientific and experimental methods of inquiry, and the international character of its scientific practice and organization. However, we strongly feel that it is incumbent on us to highlight the fact that there are also important differences between the two sciences. Islamic science is at the same time of a religious character in the sense that it is consciously based upon the metaphysical, cosmological, epistemological, and ethical and moral principles of Islam. In light of its spiritual and moral conception of nature, Islamic science adopts goals and methodological principles that are different in several respects from those of modern science. In Islamic culture, the place of science in relation to other branches of knowledge such as the religious and social sciences is also somewhat different from the one we see in modern Western culture. A salient feature of our essays is their interdisciplinary character. We have also adopted a blend of historical and philosophical approaches to the study of Islamic science. We hope this book is of value to all who are concerned with the problem of knowledge in all its dimensions, whatever their discipline.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Decolonizing History: Technology and Culture in India, China and the West 1492 to the Present Day.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alvares, C. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Apex Press, New York, 1991.\n Google-Books-ID: TzUrAQAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{alvares_decolonizing_1991,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Decolonizing {History}: {Technology} and {Culture} in {India}, {China} and the {West} 1492 to the {Present} {Day}},\n\tisbn = {9780945257400},\n\tshorttitle = {Decolonizing {History}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Apex Press},\n\tauthor = {Alvares, Claude Alphonso},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: TzUrAQAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History of Technology, Technology \\& Society, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Violence of the Green Revolution: Third World Agriculture, Ecology and Politics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shiva, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zed Books, London and New York, 1991.\n Google-Books-ID: i5eMFU4r5usC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{shiva_violence_1991,\n\taddress = {London and New York},\n\ttitle = {The {Violence} of the {Green} {Revolution}: {Third} {World} {Agriculture}, {Ecology} and {Politics}},\n\tisbn = {9780862329655},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Violence} of the {Green} {Revolution}},\n\tabstract = {As the agricultural systems of many countries are poised, as a result of the recent advances in biotechnology for what may soon come to be called the Second Green Revolution, this book is particularly appropriate. Vandana Shiva examines the impact of the first Green Revolution on the breadbasket of India. In a cogent empirical argument, she shows how the 'quick fix' promise of large gains in output pushed aside serious pursuit of an alternative agricultural strategy grounded in respect for the environmental wisdom of peasant systems and building an egalitarian, needs-prientated agriculture consistent with the village-based, endogenous political traditions of Gandhism. Dr Shiva documents the destruction of genetic diversity and soil fertility that resulted and in highly original fashion shows how the Green Revolution also contributed to the acute social and political conflicts now tearing the Punjab apart.Set in the context of a sophisticated critique of the privileged epistemological position achieved by modern science, whereby it both aspires to provide technological solutions for social and political problems while at the same time disclaiming responsibility for the new problems which it creates in its wake, the author looks to the future in an analysis of a new project to apply the latest Gene Revolution technology to India and warns of the further environmental and social damage which will ensue.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Zed Books},\n\tauthor = {Shiva, Vandana},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: i5eMFU4r5usC},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n As the agricultural systems of many countries are poised, as a result of the recent advances in biotechnology for what may soon come to be called the Second Green Revolution, this book is particularly appropriate. Vandana Shiva examines the impact of the first Green Revolution on the breadbasket of India. In a cogent empirical argument, she shows how the 'quick fix' promise of large gains in output pushed aside serious pursuit of an alternative agricultural strategy grounded in respect for the environmental wisdom of peasant systems and building an egalitarian, needs-prientated agriculture consistent with the village-based, endogenous political traditions of Gandhism. Dr Shiva documents the destruction of genetic diversity and soil fertility that resulted and in highly original fashion shows how the Green Revolution also contributed to the acute social and political conflicts now tearing the Punjab apart.Set in the context of a sophisticated critique of the privileged epistemological position achieved by modern science, whereby it both aspires to provide technological solutions for social and political problems while at the same time disclaiming responsibility for the new problems which it creates in its wake, the author looks to the future in an analysis of a new project to apply the latest Gene Revolution technology to India and warns of the further environmental and social damage which will ensue.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Women and Science: Selected Essays.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raj, M. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Himalaya Publishing House, 1991.\n Google-Books-ID: abLaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{raj_women_1991,\n\ttitle = {Women and {Science}: {Selected} {Essays}},\n\tisbn = {9788170402817},\n\tshorttitle = {Women and {Science}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Himalaya Publishing House},\n\tauthor = {Raj, Maithreyi Krishna},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: abLaAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Feminist STS, Gender, Women in science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1990\n \n \n (7)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Technology in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Longman, Essex, 1990.\n Google-Books-ID: oG8eAQAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_science_1990,\n\taddress = {Essex},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Technology} in {India}, {Pakistan}, {Bangladesh} and {Sri} {Lanka}},\n\tisbn = {9780582064690; 0-582-06469-4},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Longman},\n\teditor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: oG8eAQAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Science Policy, Science and State},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Technology in India's Search for a Sustainable and Equitable Future.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parthasarathi, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n World Development, 18(12): 1693–1701. December 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{parthasarathi_science_1990,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Technology} in {India}'s {Search} for a {Sustainable} and {Equitable} {Future}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {0305-750X},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X90900645},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/0305-750X(90)90064-5},\n\tabstract = {After reviewing the first 40 years of Indian development, this paper delineates the emerging scenario to the year 2000 and beyond. Critiquing the “stages of development” approach of Rostow and Marx, the paper argues that the developing countries cannot, for both internal and external reasons, trace the same development path of the highly industrialized countries of today. The need for an alternative pattern of development, and a path to sustainable and just development are then presented in terms of life styles, organization of space and human settlement patterns, production systems and technology, and energy generation and consumption profiles. The paper presents examples of alternative technologies needed in three key areas: foodgrain production in drylands, energy, and new science-based rural industries, particularly those based on biotechnology.},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {World Development},\n\tauthor = {Parthasarathi, Ashok},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tkeywords = {Alternative Technologies, Biotechnology, Future, Post-Independence India, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, S\\&T Ventures, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Technologies},\n\tpages = {1693--1701},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n After reviewing the first 40 years of Indian development, this paper delineates the emerging scenario to the year 2000 and beyond. Critiquing the “stages of development” approach of Rostow and Marx, the paper argues that the developing countries cannot, for both internal and external reasons, trace the same development path of the highly industrialized countries of today. The need for an alternative pattern of development, and a path to sustainable and just development are then presented in terms of life styles, organization of space and human settlement patterns, production systems and technology, and energy generation and consumption profiles. The paper presents examples of alternative technologies needed in three key areas: foodgrain production in drylands, energy, and new science-based rural industries, particularly those based on biotechnology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Forty Years of Indian Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sikka, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science and Public Policy, 17(1): 45–53. February 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{sikka_forty_1990,\n\ttitle = {Forty {Years} of {Indian} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1471-5430},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/spp/article/17/1/45/1634220/Forty-years-of-Indian-science},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/spp/17.1.45},\n\tabstract = {Through planned development, India has achieved a great deal in science and technology, creating diverse capabilities in many areas and highly qualified manpower. Now priorities have to he reset and the expertise harnessed, to accelerate national progress.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Science and Public Policy},\n\tauthor = {Sikka, Pawan},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tkeywords = {India, Post-Independence India, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, State \\& Science},\n\tpages = {45--53},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Through planned development, India has achieved a great deal in science and technology, creating diverse capabilities in many areas and highly qualified manpower. Now priorities have to he reset and the expertise harnessed, to accelerate national progress.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Interaction Between Indian and Central Asian Science and Technology in Medieval Times. Volume 2: Medicine, Technology, Arts & Crafts, Architecture, and Music.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n INSA\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian National Science Academy & The Institue of History of Science and Technology, New Delhi & Moscow, 1990.\n Google-Books-ID: jKzaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{insa_interaction_1990,\n\taddress = {New Delhi \\& Moscow},\n\ttitle = {Interaction {Between} {Indian} and {Central} {Asian} {Science} and {Technology} in {Medieval} {Times}. {Volume} 2: {Medicine}, {Technology}, {Arts} \\& {Crafts}, {Architecture}, and {Music}},\n\tshorttitle = {Interaction {Between} {Indian} and {Central} {Asian} {Science} and {Technology} in {Medieval} {Times}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Indian National Science Academy \\& The Institue of History of Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {INSA},\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: jKzaAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Central Asia, Circulation of Knowledge, History of Science \\& Technology, India, Medieval, Scientific Exchange, Soviet Union},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Secularism and People's Science Movement in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kannan, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 25(6): 311–313. February 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{kannan_secularism_1990,\n\ttitle = {Secularism and {People}'s {Science} {Movement} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4395925},\n\tabstract = {The idea of a People's Science Movement evolved as a result of the tremendous response of the common people to the Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad and today the idea of conscious application of science in social activism is taking roots.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Kannan, K.P.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi \\& Science, Kerala, Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Marxism \\& Science, People's Health Movement, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Secularism},\n\tpages = {311--313},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The idea of a People's Science Movement evolved as a result of the tremendous response of the common people to the Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad and today the idea of conscious application of science in social activism is taking roots.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ramchandra's Treatise through `The Haze of the Golden Sunset': An Aborted Pedagogy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; and Habib, S. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Studies of Science, 20(3): 455–472. August 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raina_ramchandras_1990,\n\ttitle = {Ramchandra's {Treatise} through `{The} {Haze} of the {Golden} {Sunset}': {An} {Aborted} {Pedagogy}},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0306-3127, 1460-3659},\n\tshorttitle = {Ramchandra's {Treatise} through `{The} {Haze} of the {Golden} {Sunset}'},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/030631290020003003},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/030631290020003003},\n\tabstract = {In 1850, Yesudas Ramchandra published a work entitled A Treatise on the Problems of Maxima and Minima. The inspiration behind the work lay in the nineteenth-century understanding that the Indian tradition of mathematics was essentially algebraic. As part of the task of `revitalization' undertaken by the avant-garde of the Indian intelligentsia, Ramchandra sought to introduce the Indian people to the latest developments in calculus, in their `native' idiom. In the paper, we discuss the conditions under which the work emerged, as well as the cultural grounding of this mathematical pedagogy. Even though the work evinced the interest of leading mathematicians such as Augustus De Morgan, who campaigned for its publication in England and circulation in Europe, the book did not find a niche for itself in Indian school/college curricula. On this count, we raise some conjectures and questions. We argue that, in the post-1857 period, the theories of knowledge that held that it was possible to graft modern scientific learning on to a Sanskritic base could not overcome the Macaulayan education programme. The spirit of Ramchandra's Treatise was quite at odds with the imperial education policy, though it would have been in tune with the early Orientalist educational programme.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Social Studies of Science},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and Habib, S. Irfan},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Domestication of science, India, Intelligentsia, Mathematics},\n\tpages = {455--472},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In 1850, Yesudas Ramchandra published a work entitled A Treatise on the Problems of Maxima and Minima. The inspiration behind the work lay in the nineteenth-century understanding that the Indian tradition of mathematics was essentially algebraic. As part of the task of `revitalization' undertaken by the avant-garde of the Indian intelligentsia, Ramchandra sought to introduce the Indian people to the latest developments in calculus, in their `native' idiom. In the paper, we discuss the conditions under which the work emerged, as well as the cultural grounding of this mathematical pedagogy. Even though the work evinced the interest of leading mathematicians such as Augustus De Morgan, who campaigned for its publication in England and circulation in Europe, the book did not find a niche for itself in Indian school/college curricula. On this count, we raise some conjectures and questions. We argue that, in the post-1857 period, the theories of knowledge that held that it was possible to graft modern scientific learning on to a Sanskritic base could not overcome the Macaulayan education programme. The spirit of Ramchandra's Treatise was quite at odds with the imperial education policy, though it would have been in tune with the early Orientalist educational programme.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Hegemony and Violence: A Requiem for Modernity.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nandy, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n United Nations University, 1990.\n Google-Books-ID: B4UrAAAAYAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{nandy_science_1990,\n\ttitle = {Science, {Hegemony} and {Violence}: {A} {Requiem} for {Modernity}},\n\tisbn = {9780195625806},\n\tshorttitle = {Science, {Hegemony} and {Violence}},\n\tabstract = {This volume presents six essays by leading sociologists, philosophers, physicists, and environmental activists that examine the links between science and violence from the Baconian era to the present day. It looks at two basic issues: science as it provides a new justification for state violence; and science as violent technological intervention, invading and disrupting stable patterns of private life in the name of progress and development.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {United Nations University},\n\tauthor = {Nandy, Ashis},\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: B4UrAAAAYAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This volume presents six essays by leading sociologists, philosophers, physicists, and environmental activists that examine the links between science and violence from the Baconian era to the present day. It looks at two basic issues: science as it provides a new justification for state violence; and science as violent technological intervention, invading and disrupting stable patterns of private life in the name of progress and development.\n
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\n\n \n \n 1989\n \n \n (9)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Walking on Three Legs: Science, Common-Sense and Ideology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raghunandan, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 17(3-4): 92–100+100A. March 1989.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n
\n\n\n@article{raghunandan_walking_1989,\n\ttitle = {Walking on {Three} {Legs}: {Science}, {Common}-{Sense} and {Ideology}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.2307/3517363},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Raghunandan, D.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tkeywords = {Epistemology, Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {92--100+100A},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A Survey of Bengali Writings on Science and Technology, 1800-1950.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhattacharya, D.; Chakravarty, R.; and Deb Roy, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of History of Science, 24(1): 8–66. January 1989.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bhattacharya_survey_1989,\n\ttitle = {A {Survey} of {Bengali} {Writings} on {Science} and {Technology}, 1800-1950},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tissn = {0019-5235},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Bhattacharya, D. and Chakravarty, R. and Deb Roy, R.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tpmid = {11612558},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, 20th Century, Bengal, Colonial Science, Domestication of Science, India},\n\tpages = {8--66},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Introduction of Scientific Rationality into India: A Study of Master Ramchandra—Urdu Journalist, Mathematician and Educationalist.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, S. I.; and Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Science, 46(6): 597–610. November 1989.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{habib_introduction_1989,\n\ttitle = {The {Introduction} of {Scientific} {Rationality} into {India}: {A} {Study} of {Master} {Ramchandra}—{Urdu} {Journalist}, {Mathematician} and {Educationalist}},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tissn = {0003-3790, 1464-505X},\n\tshorttitle = {The introduction of scientific rationality into {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00033798900200431},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00033798900200431},\n\tabstract = {This is a study of Master Ramchandra, a nineteenth-century Indian mathematician, social commentator and Urdu journalist. The contradictions manifest in his projects, it is contended, were actually the products of the contradictions manifest in the political and ideological thinking of the period. One encounters in his writings a dominant critique of the prevalent religious, social and educational systems and also a call for social transformation, wherein scientific rationality and realism came to play an important role. Ramchandra's understanding is quite close to that of the Comtean positivists. An attempt is made here to locate this emerging scientism within the context of nineteenth-century colonial politics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2025-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Science},\n\tauthor = {Habib, S. Irfan and Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Science, Domestication of science, India, Intelligentsia, Mathematics, Science \\& Culture, Textbooks},\n\tpages = {597--610},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This is a study of Master Ramchandra, a nineteenth-century Indian mathematician, social commentator and Urdu journalist. The contradictions manifest in his projects, it is contended, were actually the products of the contradictions manifest in the political and ideological thinking of the period. One encounters in his writings a dominant critique of the prevalent religious, social and educational systems and also a call for social transformation, wherein scientific rationality and realism came to play an important role. Ramchandra's understanding is quite close to that of the Comtean positivists. An attempt is made here to locate this emerging scientism within the context of nineteenth-century colonial politics.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cultural Foundations of a Nineteenth Century Mathematical Project.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raina, D.; and Habib, S. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 24(37): 2082–2086. September 1989.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{raina_cultural_1989,\n\ttitle = {Cultural {Foundations} of a {Nineteenth} {Century} {Mathematical} {Project}},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4395334},\n\tabstract = {We investigate here the context in which Ramchandra, a nineteenth century Indian mathematician, journalist, populariser and social commentator, worked on A Treatise on the Problems of Maxima and Minima. The work was original in that it sought to obtain the maxima and minima of a function from algebra and without using differential calculus. The project itself was nourished by the notion of algebra as a cultural metaphor, and it is on this count that it attracted the attention of the British algebraist Augustus de Morgan. The Treatise, when placed against the background of Ramchandra's stance vis-a-vis the colonial educational policy, clearly reveals the beginnings of a still nebulous anti-colonial politics, insofar as its professed objective is a mathematical revivification of an intrinisic but dormant algebraic predisposition of the Indian mind.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {37},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Raina, Dhruv and Habib, S. Irfan},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Delhi Renaissance, Domestication of science, History of Mathematics, India, Master Ramachandra, Mathematics, Popular Science, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {2082--2086},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n We investigate here the context in which Ramchandra, a nineteenth century Indian mathematician, journalist, populariser and social commentator, worked on A Treatise on the Problems of Maxima and Minima. The work was original in that it sought to obtain the maxima and minima of a function from algebra and without using differential calculus. The project itself was nourished by the notion of algebra as a cultural metaphor, and it is on this count that it attracted the attention of the British algebraist Augustus de Morgan. The Treatise, when placed against the background of Ramchandra's stance vis-a-vis the colonial educational policy, clearly reveals the beginnings of a still nebulous anti-colonial politics, insofar as its professed objective is a mathematical revivification of an intrinisic but dormant algebraic predisposition of the Indian mind.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Copernicus, Colombus, Colonialism and the Role of Science in Nineteenth Century India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, S. I.; and Raina, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 17(3-4): 51–66. March 1989.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{habib_copernicus_1989,\n\ttitle = {Copernicus, {Colombus}, {Colonialism} and the {Role} of {Science} in {Nineteenth} {Century} {India}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.2307/3517360},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Habib, S. Irfan and Raina, Dhruv},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Cultural History, Cultural Studies of S\\&T, Domestication of science, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {51--66},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n People's Movements and Reform of Formal Education : Reflections on Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zachariah, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Canadian and international education, 18(1): 3–19. 1989.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{zachariah_peoples_1989,\n\ttitle = {People's {Movements} and {Reform} of {Formal} {Education} : {Reflections} on {Kerala} {Sastra} {Sahitya} {Parishad} ({KSSP}) in {India}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {0315-1409},\n\tshorttitle = {People's {Movements} and {Reform} of {Formal} {Education}},\n\turl = {https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&lang=en&idt=11919841},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Canadian and international education},\n\tauthor = {Zachariah, M.},\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi \\& Science, India, Kerala, Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Marxism \\& Science, Radical Science Movements, Science Education, Social Movements},\n\tpages = {3--19},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dilemmas of a Successful People's Education Movement in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zachariah, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report ERIC, March 1989.\n ERIC Number: ED319095\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@techreport{zachariah_dilemmas_1989,\n\ttitle = {Dilemmas of a {Successful} {People}'s {Education} {Movement} in {India}},\n\turl = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED319095},\n\tabstract = {Government policies of developing nations to stimulate economic development do not necessarily improve the living conditions of their citizens, most of whom are economically poor and politically powerless. A major criticism of attempts by most Western and national governments to promote development is that they serve only the elite. This study of the Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) discusses the limitations and potential of a popular education movement in India. The KSSP, which translates into "Kerala Science Literature Society," was begun in 1962 to make scientific knowledge available to the people in the language of the state. Growth in membership has been accompanied by an increasing involvement with left-wing political activists. Dilemmas facing the KSSP are conflicts between Marxist and middle-class leadership over definition of "the people" and "science" and the relationship of science to religion and to the state. Lessons that can be learned from the KSSP movement demonstrate: the importance of an independent, sufficient financial base; leadership dedication to original objectives; a large "critical mass" of volunteers; less organizational hierarchy; recruitment of the elite; alliance with other organizations; and utilization of the arts as information disseminators. Despite its problems, the KSSP provides an innovative, indigenous model for mass educational reform. (LMI)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-16},\n\tinstitution = {ERIC},\n\tauthor = {Zachariah, Mathew},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tnote = {ERIC Number: ED319095},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi \\& Science, Kerala, Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Marxism \\& Science, Popular Science, Radical Science Movements, Science Education, Social Movements},\n\tpages = {58},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Government policies of developing nations to stimulate economic development do not necessarily improve the living conditions of their citizens, most of whom are economically poor and politically powerless. A major criticism of attempts by most Western and national governments to promote development is that they serve only the elite. This study of the Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) discusses the limitations and potential of a popular education movement in India. The KSSP, which translates into \"Kerala Science Literature Society,\" was begun in 1962 to make scientific knowledge available to the people in the language of the state. Growth in membership has been accompanied by an increasing involvement with left-wing political activists. Dilemmas facing the KSSP are conflicts between Marxist and middle-class leadership over definition of \"the people\" and \"science\" and the relationship of science to religion and to the state. Lessons that can be learned from the KSSP movement demonstrate: the importance of an independent, sufficient financial base; leadership dedication to original objectives; a large \"critical mass\" of volunteers; less organizational hierarchy; recruitment of the elite; alliance with other organizations; and utilization of the arts as information disseminators. Despite its problems, the KSSP provides an innovative, indigenous model for mass educational reform. (LMI)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Cosmic Perspectives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biswas, S. K.; Mallik, D. C. V.; and Vishveshwara, C. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989.\n Google-Books-ID: PFTGKi8fjvoC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{biswas_cosmic_1989,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Cosmic {Perspectives}},\n\tisbn = {9780521343541},\n\tabstract = {Cosmic Perspectives is a collection of essays that details modern cosmology and its relationship to the development of human civilization. Written by leading astronomers, cosmologists and historians, these fourteen essays cover a wide range of subjects. These include the place of astronomy in China, frontiers in cosmology, the dark matter problem and the origin of life. This is an engaging collection of facts, written in nontechnical language, which encourages the reader to explore the scientific heritage of various cultures, the current problems of observational astronomy, the unsolved mysteries of evolution and the use of astronomy in fiction.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Biswas, S. K. and Mallik, D. C. V. and Vishveshwara, C. V.},\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: PFTGKi8fjvoC},\n\tkeywords = {Cosmology, History of Astronomy, History of Indian Astronomy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Cosmic Perspectives is a collection of essays that details modern cosmology and its relationship to the development of human civilization. Written by leading astronomers, cosmologists and historians, these fourteen essays cover a wide range of subjects. These include the place of astronomy in China, frontiers in cosmology, the dark matter problem and the origin of life. This is an engaging collection of facts, written in nontechnical language, which encourages the reader to explore the scientific heritage of various cultures, the current problems of observational astronomy, the unsolved mysteries of evolution and the use of astronomy in fiction.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Small Industries Policy in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1989.\n Google-Books-ID: _RPtAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{tyabji_small_1989,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Small} {Industries} {Policy} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780195623109},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Small_Industries_Policy_in_India/_RPtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Nasir%20Tyabji%22},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tyear = {1989},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: \\_RPtAAAAMAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1988\n \n \n (16)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Philosophy of Science and Its Application to the Science and Technology Development in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n UNESCO Regional Office, New Delhi, 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_philosophy_1988,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Philosophy of {Science} and {Its} {Application} to the {Science} and {Technology} {Development} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tpublisher = {UNESCO Regional Office},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {India, Philosophy of Science, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Science Policy, State \\& Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dangers of the Technological Fix.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parthasarathi, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India International Centre Quarterly, 15(2): 43–60. 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{parthasarathi_dangers_1988,\n\ttitle = {Dangers of the {Technological} {Fix}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {India International Centre Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Parthasarathi, Ashok},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {Developing Countries, Development, Post-Independence India, Technocracy, Technological Choices, Technological Imaginary, Technology},\n\tpages = {43--60},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Bhopal Disaster and the Right to Know.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jasanoff, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Science & Medicine, 27(10): 1113–1123. January 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{jasanoff_bhopal_1988,\n\ttitle = {The {Bhopal} {Disaster} and the {Right} to {Know}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {0277-9536},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0277953688903061},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/0277-9536(88)90306-1},\n\tabstract = {The chemical disaster in Bhopal jolted activist groups around the world into renewing their demands for right-to-know legislation granting them broader access to information about hazardous technologies. This article explores the obstacles to creating effective right-to-know policies when technology is transferred across national boundaries. The events leading to the Bhopal accident are first examined in order to assess how far the tragedy can be attributed to gaps in knowledge or to breakdowns in communication. Using Bhopal as a case study, the article then considers three issues that are central to the design of right-to-know policies: who has a right to receive information about hazards; who has the duty to disclose such information, and, where necessary, to produce missing information; what information should be available for disclosure? This inquiry suggests that the circles of those with a right to know and those with a duty to disclose should both be larger than under existing right-to-know laws. More systematic risk information should also be generated, including probabilistic estimates of risk and environmental impact analyses. Finally, the article asks whether such improvements in knowledge and communication would prevent disasters of the kind that occurred in Bhopal. It concludes that for knowledge to be meaningful it must be correlated with the power to act preventively. This implies, in turn, that those with a right to know have to be given an opportunity to participate in technology transfer decisions before it is too late to choose a technology that is well adapted to the technical and cultural circumstances of the importing country.},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Social Science \\& Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Jasanoff, Sheila},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Civic Epistemology, Civil Society, Environmental Impact Assessment, Public Engagement with S\\&T, Right to Information, Risk Governance},\n\tpages = {1113--1123},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The chemical disaster in Bhopal jolted activist groups around the world into renewing their demands for right-to-know legislation granting them broader access to information about hazardous technologies. This article explores the obstacles to creating effective right-to-know policies when technology is transferred across national boundaries. The events leading to the Bhopal accident are first examined in order to assess how far the tragedy can be attributed to gaps in knowledge or to breakdowns in communication. Using Bhopal as a case study, the article then considers three issues that are central to the design of right-to-know policies: who has a right to receive information about hazards; who has the duty to disclose such information, and, where necessary, to produce missing information; what information should be available for disclosure? This inquiry suggests that the circles of those with a right to know and those with a duty to disclose should both be larger than under existing right-to-know laws. More systematic risk information should also be generated, including probabilistic estimates of risk and environmental impact analyses. Finally, the article asks whether such improvements in knowledge and communication would prevent disasters of the kind that occurred in Bhopal. It concludes that for knowledge to be meaningful it must be correlated with the power to act preventively. This implies, in turn, that those with a right to know have to be given an opportunity to participate in technology transfer decisions before it is too late to choose a technology that is well adapted to the technical and cultural circumstances of the importing country.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Prof. C.V. Raman: Scientific Work at Calcutta.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sen, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta, 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sen_prof_1988,\n\taddress = {Calcutta},\n\ttitle = {Prof. {C}.{V}. {Raman}: {Scientific} {Work} at {Calcutta}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tpublisher = {Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science},\n\tauthor = {Sen, S.N.},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {20th Century, Calcutta, Colonial India, Colonial Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), Physics, Raman, C.V., Tamil},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Alternative Science Movement: An Interim Assessment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Guha, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Lokayan Bulletin, 6(3): 07–25. 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{guha_alternative_1988,\n\ttitle = {The {Alternative} {Science} {Movement}: {An} {Interim} {Assessment}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Lokayan Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Guha, Ramachandra},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi \\& Science, India, New Social Movements, Science and Democracy, Science and Environment, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {07--25},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Prometheus Bound: Technology and Industrialization in Japan, China and India Prior to 1914 — A Political Economy Approach.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Inkster, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annals of Science, 45(4): 399–426. July 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{inkster_prometheus_1988,\n\ttitle = {Prometheus {Bound}: {Technology} and {Industrialization} in {Japan}, {China} and {India} {Prior} to 1914 — {A} {Political} {Economy} {Approach}},\n\tvolume = {45},\n\tissn = {0003-3790, 1464-505X},\n\tshorttitle = {Prometheus bound},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00033798800200311},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00033798800200311},\n\tabstract = {The contrasting economic and technological histories of Japan, China, and India prior to 1914 are very often explained in socio-cultural terms. It is too easily assumed that culturally Japan was somehow more ‘prone’ to development along Western lines than were either of China and India. This paper addresses the socalled ‘failure’ of economic modernization in China and India in terms of socioeconomic processes and mechanisms. Knowledge and machinery were transferred to all three nations prior to 1914. But only in Japan were conditions favourable to the subsequent adoption, diffusion, and adaptation of technologies. A major argument is that officialdom in China and India was not unwary or dissolute but merely hamstrung through a removal of effective sovereignty over decision making. The reduction of sovereignty was of greater importance than the supposed retardative impact of deeply held cultural traits.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-05-11},\n\tjournal = {Annals of Science},\n\tauthor = {Inkster, Ian},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Industrialisation, Social History of Technology, Technological innovation, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {399--426},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The contrasting economic and technological histories of Japan, China, and India prior to 1914 are very often explained in socio-cultural terms. It is too easily assumed that culturally Japan was somehow more ‘prone’ to development along Western lines than were either of China and India. This paper addresses the socalled ‘failure’ of economic modernization in China and India in terms of socioeconomic processes and mechanisms. Knowledge and machinery were transferred to all three nations prior to 1914. But only in Japan were conditions favourable to the subsequent adoption, diffusion, and adaptation of technologies. A major argument is that officialdom in China and India was not unwary or dissolute but merely hamstrung through a removal of effective sovereignty over decision making. The reduction of sovereignty was of greater importance than the supposed retardative impact of deeply held cultural traits.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Introduction of Western Science into Colonial India: Role of the Calcutta Medical College.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gorman, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 132(3): 276–298. September 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gorman_introduction_1988,\n\ttitle = {Introduction of {Western} {Science} into {Colonial} {India}: {Role} of the {Calcutta} {Medical} {College}},\n\tvolume = {132},\n\tissn = {0003-049X},\n\tshorttitle = {Introduction of {Western} science into colonial {India}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society},\n\tauthor = {Gorman, M.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tpmid = {11621593},\n\tkeywords = {Bengal, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Hospitals, India, Institutionalization, Kolkata, Medical education, Science Education},\n\tpages = {276--298},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Journey into Light.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Venkataraman\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Academy of Sciences in co-operation with Indian National Science Academy, Bangalore, 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{venkataraman_journey_1988,\n\taddress = {Bangalore},\n\ttitle = {Journey into {Light}},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n\tisbn = {81-85324-00-X},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/journeyintolight00unse},\n\tabstract = {Biography of CV Raman},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2025-07-28},\n\tpublisher = {Indian Academy of Sciences in co-operation with Indian National Science Academy},\n\tauthor = {Venkataraman},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Colonial Science, Intellectual History, Raman effect, Raman, C.V.},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Biography of CV Raman\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indian Response to European Science and Technology 1757–1857.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sangwan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The British Journal for the History of Science, 21(2): 211–232. June 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{sangwan_indian_1988,\n\ttitle = {Indian {Response} to {European} {Science} and {Technology} 1757–1857},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tissn = {1474-001X, 0007-0874},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-for-the-history-of-science/article/abs/indian-response-to-european-science-and-technology-17571857/2EDCC9A5D928E1DF540E8C7A0D86BF8B#},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0007087400024778},\n\tabstract = {The spread of modern science to India, the non-scientific culture area according to Basalla's thesis, under the colonial umbrella played an important role in shaping the history of Indian people. Notwithstanding its colonial flavour, the new science left a distinct impression on the minds of the local populace. The belief that the Indian mind was not ripe enough to assimilate the new ideas, supported by a few instances of their (Indian) hostility towards some imported technologies, has dominated historical writings since the Macaulian era. This proposition requires close scrutiny of the contemporary evidence. In this paper, I have tried to explain the various shades of Indian experiences with European science and technology during the first hundred years of British rule.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-07-28},\n\tjournal = {The British Journal for the History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Sangwan, Satpal},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {Basalla, George, British India, Colonial Science, Periphery, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {211--232},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n The spread of modern science to India, the non-scientific culture area according to Basalla's thesis, under the colonial umbrella played an important role in shaping the history of Indian people. Notwithstanding its colonial flavour, the new science left a distinct impression on the minds of the local populace. The belief that the Indian mind was not ripe enough to assimilate the new ideas, supported by a few instances of their (Indian) hostility towards some imported technologies, has dominated historical writings since the Macaulian era. This proposition requires close scrutiny of the contemporary evidence. In this paper, I have tried to explain the various shades of Indian experiences with European science and technology during the first hundred years of British rule.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Imperial Medicine and Indigenous Societies.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Arnold, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1988.\n Google-Books-ID: 0Xi7AAAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{arnold_imperial_1988,\n\taddress = {Manchester},\n\ttitle = {Imperial {Medicine} and {Indigenous} {Societies}},\n\tisbn = {9780719024955},\n\tabstract = {In recent years it has become apparent that the interaction of imperialism with disease, medical research, and the administration of health policies is considerably more complex. This book reflects the breadth and interdisciplinary range of current scholarship applied to a variety of imperial experiences in different continents. Common themes and widely applicable modes of analysis emerge include the confrontation between indigenous and western medical systems, the role of medicine in war and resistance, and the nature of approaches to mental health. The book identifies disease and medicine as a site of contact, conflict and possible eventual convergence between western rulers and indigenous peoples, and illustrates the contradictions and rivalries within the imperial order. The causes and consequences of this rapid transition from white man's medicine to public health during the latter decades of the nineteenth and early years of the twentieth centuries are touched upon. By the late 1850s, each of the presidency towns of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras could boast its own 'asylum for the European insane'; about twenty 'native lunatic asylums' had been established in provincial towns. To many nineteenth-century British medical officers smallpox was 'the scourge of India'. Following the British discovery in 1901 of a major sleeping sickness epidemic in Uganda, King Leopold of Belgium invited the recently established Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine to examine his Congo Free State. Cholera claimed its victims from all levels of society, including Americans, prominent Filipinos, Chinese, and Spaniards.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Manchester University Press},\n\tauthor = {Arnold, David},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0Xi7AAAAIAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In recent years it has become apparent that the interaction of imperialism with disease, medical research, and the administration of health policies is considerably more complex. This book reflects the breadth and interdisciplinary range of current scholarship applied to a variety of imperial experiences in different continents. Common themes and widely applicable modes of analysis emerge include the confrontation between indigenous and western medical systems, the role of medicine in war and resistance, and the nature of approaches to mental health. The book identifies disease and medicine as a site of contact, conflict and possible eventual convergence between western rulers and indigenous peoples, and illustrates the contradictions and rivalries within the imperial order. The causes and consequences of this rapid transition from white man's medicine to public health during the latter decades of the nineteenth and early years of the twentieth centuries are touched upon. By the late 1850s, each of the presidency towns of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras could boast its own 'asylum for the European insane'; about twenty 'native lunatic asylums' had been established in provincial towns. To many nineteenth-century British medical officers smallpox was 'the scourge of India'. Following the British discovery in 1901 of a major sleeping sickness epidemic in Uganda, King Leopold of Belgium invited the recently established Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine to examine his Congo Free State. Cholera claimed its victims from all levels of society, including Americans, prominent Filipinos, Chinese, and Spaniards.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Hoshangabad Science Teaching Programme.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mukund, k.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 23(42): 2147–2150. October 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{mukund_hoshangabad_1988,\n\ttitle = {The {Hoshangabad} {Science} {Teaching} {Programme}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4379174},\n\tdoi = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4379174},\n\tabstract = {The Hoshangabad science teaching programme has created avenues of exploration and learning for many children who would have otherwise stagnated under the traditional system of education.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {42},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Mukund, kanakalatha},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {India, Marxism \\& Science, Radical Science Movements, Science Education, Science and Democracy, Science in Schools, Social History of Science, Textbooks},\n\tpages = {2147--2150},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Hoshangabad science teaching programme has created avenues of exploration and learning for many children who would have otherwise stagnated under the traditional system of education.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Imperial health in British India, 1857-1900.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramasubban, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In MacLeod, R.; and Lewis, M., editor(s), Disease, Medicine and Empire: Perspectives on Western Medicine and the Experience of European Expansion, pages 38–60. Routledge, London and New York, 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{ramasubban_imperial_1988,\n\taddress = {London and New York},\n\ttitle = {Imperial health in {British} {India}, 1857-1900},\n\tisbn = {0-415-00685-6},\n\tabstract = {Among the more important instruments of the British presence in India were those policies of the imperial and colonial governments concerning the investigation, prevention and cure of epidemic diseases. Periodic outbreaks of cholera, enteric fever, malaria, dystentery and diarrhoea, influenza and kala azar endangered the health of European officials — civilian and military — and their families. With the assumption of control by the Crown from the East India Company in 1857, the army in India came to constitute the largest single concentration of British troops outside the United Kingdom — one-third of all British forces. High rates of illness and death from epidemic diseases threatened the security of this force and prompted health measures across the subcontinent. To the extent that largescale epidemics affected Britain's international trade, the living conditions of the general population assumed increasing importance too. But the army occupied a centre-stage position in evolving a colonial health policy that would make British India liveable for the British. \n\nThere were other factors, however, which directed the evolution of imperial public health policy in India. The choice and transfer of technologies for disease\ncontrol were influenced by prevailing scientific theories and their vicissitudes in the metropolis; by international pressures acting on the movement of men and materials; by the political, economic and military ambitions of the imperial government; by local response; by the success of local populations in impressing their points of view upon the Government of India, and by the organizations and institutions responsible for the operation of British medical policy throughout India.\n(From the introduction of the chapter)},\n\tbooktitle = {Disease, {Medicine} and {Empire}: {Perspectives} on {Western}\nMedicine and the {Experience} of\nEuropean {Expansion}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Ramasubban, Radhika},\n\teditor = {MacLeod, Roy and Lewis, Milton},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Disease, Colonial India, Colonial Medicine, History of Medicine},\n\tpages = {38--60},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Among the more important instruments of the British presence in India were those policies of the imperial and colonial governments concerning the investigation, prevention and cure of epidemic diseases. Periodic outbreaks of cholera, enteric fever, malaria, dystentery and diarrhoea, influenza and kala azar endangered the health of European officials — civilian and military — and their families. With the assumption of control by the Crown from the East India Company in 1857, the army in India came to constitute the largest single concentration of British troops outside the United Kingdom — one-third of all British forces. High rates of illness and death from epidemic diseases threatened the security of this force and prompted health measures across the subcontinent. To the extent that largescale epidemics affected Britain's international trade, the living conditions of the general population assumed increasing importance too. But the army occupied a centre-stage position in evolving a colonial health policy that would make British India liveable for the British. There were other factors, however, which directed the evolution of imperial public health policy in India. The choice and transfer of technologies for disease control were influenced by prevailing scientific theories and their vicissitudes in the metropolis; by international pressures acting on the movement of men and materials; by the political, economic and military ambitions of the imperial government; by local response; by the success of local populations in impressing their points of view upon the Government of India, and by the organizations and institutions responsible for the operation of British medical policy throughout India. (From the introduction of the chapter)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Tentacles of Progress: Technology Transfer in the Age of Imperialism, 1850-1940.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Headrick, D. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, March 1988.\n Google-Books-ID: XLhwDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{headrick_tentacles_1988,\n\ttitle = {The {Tentacles} of {Progress}: {Technology} {Transfer} in the {Age} of {Imperialism}, 1850-1940},\n\tisbn = {9780190281496},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Tentacles} of {Progress}},\n\tabstract = {This penetrating examination of a paradox of colonial rule shows how the massive transfers of technology--including equipment, techniques, and experts--from the European imperial powers to their colonies in Asia and Africa resulted not in industrialization but in underdevelopment. Examining the most important technologies--shipping and railways, telegraphs and wireless, urban water supply and sewage disposal, economic botany and plantation agriculture, irrigation, and mining and metallurgy--Headrick provides a new perspective on colonial economic history and reopens the debate on the roots of Asian and African underdevelopment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Headrick, Daniel R.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: XLhwDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History / Historical Geography},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This penetrating examination of a paradox of colonial rule shows how the massive transfers of technology–including equipment, techniques, and experts–from the European imperial powers to their colonies in Asia and Africa resulted not in industrialization but in underdevelopment. Examining the most important technologies–shipping and railways, telegraphs and wireless, urban water supply and sewage disposal, economic botany and plantation agriculture, irrigation, and mining and metallurgy–Headrick provides a new perspective on colonial economic history and reopens the debate on the roots of Asian and African underdevelopment.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Plague, Policy and Popular Unrest in British India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Klein, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Modern Asian Studies, 22(4): 723–755. October 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{klein_plague_1988,\n\ttitle = {Plague, {Policy} and {Popular} {Unrest} in {British} {India}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tissn = {1469-8099, 0026-749X},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/abs/plague-policy-and-popular-unrest-in-british-india/00EE3B6814C0BDADE1B0566C8FDAF51A},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0026749X00015729},\n\tabstract = {The dark and fatal passage of plague across the Indian sub-continent in the early twentieth-century, and the inability of Western medicine quickly to halt its incursions symptomized disharmonies in the relationship between modernization and Indian society and ecology. The impact of economic development and environmental change on Indian mortality has been examined elsewhere, but the result was the perpetuation or increase of high death-rates from a multiplicity of diseases through the end of World War I. In the half-century 1872-1921 annual mortality ranged between 40 and 50 per thousand, more than twice the death-rates of the advanced West, and life expectancy fell from about 25 to 20 years. The Indian experience was not unique. Epidemics of cholera and the ‘white plague’ of tuberculosis in the industrializing West, and the ordeal of mortality in the colonial Philippines also illustrated how development activities induced social and environmental disruptions and sustained or promoted high death-rates.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Modern Asian Studies},\n\tauthor = {Klein, Ira},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {Cholera, History of Medicine, History of Technology, India, Plague},\n\tpages = {723--755},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The dark and fatal passage of plague across the Indian sub-continent in the early twentieth-century, and the inability of Western medicine quickly to halt its incursions symptomized disharmonies in the relationship between modernization and Indian society and ecology. The impact of economic development and environmental change on Indian mortality has been examined elsewhere, but the result was the perpetuation or increase of high death-rates from a multiplicity of diseases through the end of World War I. In the half-century 1872-1921 annual mortality ranged between 40 and 50 per thousand, more than twice the death-rates of the advanced West, and life expectancy fell from about 25 to 20 years. The Indian experience was not unique. Epidemics of cholera and the ‘white plague’ of tuberculosis in the industrializing West, and the ordeal of mortality in the colonial Philippines also illustrated how development activities induced social and environmental disruptions and sustained or promoted high death-rates.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Damming the Narmada.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alvares, C. A.; and Billorey, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Third World Network, Penang, 1988.\n Google-Books-ID: 2NPbAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{alvares_damming_1988,\n\taddress = {Penang},\n\ttitle = {Damming the {Narmada}},\n\tisbn = {9789679990881},\n\tabstract = {The Narmada Dams Project is going to be India's greatest man-made environmental disaster. It will uproot over a million people and destroy 350,000 hectares of forest, leading to the extinction of valuable plant species and the mass slaughter of wildlife.\n\nThis book gives a detailed study of the dams' impact and exposes the large-scale manipulation and fraud that led to the approval of the project by the Indian Government. When it was first published in 1988, the Indian Government banned it.\n\nThe World Bank which initially agreed to fund the Narmada project pulled out in early 1993 when the Indian Government failed to meet certain conditions. However the project seems to be continuing, amidst hunger strikes and strong protests from locals and opponents to the project.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Third World Network},\n\tauthor = {Alvares, Claude Alphonso and Billorey, Ramesh},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 2NPbAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ecology and Development, Environmental Movements, Environmental Policy, Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA), Social Movements, Technocracy, Technology \\& Society, Technoscientific projects \\& programmes},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n The Narmada Dams Project is going to be India's greatest man-made environmental disaster. It will uproot over a million people and destroy 350,000 hectares of forest, leading to the extinction of valuable plant species and the mass slaughter of wildlife. This book gives a detailed study of the dams' impact and exposes the large-scale manipulation and fraud that led to the approval of the project by the Indian Government. When it was first published in 1988, the Indian Government banned it. The World Bank which initially agreed to fund the Narmada project pulled out in early 1993 when the Indian Government failed to meet certain conditions. However the project seems to be continuing, amidst hunger strikes and strong protests from locals and opponents to the project.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Revenge of Athena: Science, Exploitation and the Third World.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sardar, Z.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Mansell Publishing Ltd., London & New York, 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{sardar_revenge_1988,\n\taddress = {London \\& New York},\n\ttitle = {The {Revenge} of {Athena}: {Science}, {Exploitation} and the {Third} {World}},\n\tisbn = {0-7201-1891-3},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Revenge} of {Athena}},\n\turl = {https://ziauddinsardar.com/books/revenge-athena-science-exploitation-and-third-world},\n\tabstract = {Athena, goddess of both war and reason, is best personified in the modern world by science. Modern, western science and technology are being used, in the name of reason, to wage war against man and his natural and built environment, nowhere more clearly than in the developing world. Contributors to The Revenge of Athena explore how modern science perpetrates violence against the people, societies, economics, environments, traditions, cultures, ontologies and epistemologies of the Third World; and investigate how the Third World can develop to meet the challenge of western science.\nPart 1 comprises three essays that analyse the crisis in modern science and investigate the connection between science and ideology. They explore the question of whether science and destruction are inextricably linked, and whether there is something inherent in modern science that predisposes it to political and ideological manipulation. Part 2 assesses the catastrophic impact on the developing world of western science and technology, which has dismissed traditional thought, devastated traditional lifestyles and replaced tried and tested techniques with new methods that have all too often proved destructive and less efficient. At the same time, western science has inhibited indigenous scientific development. Part 3 explores the possibilities for reviving indigenous science in the Third World and revitalizing traditional techniques and technologies, so that ecologically-stable developing countries might attain new attitudes of self-reliance and non-dependence.},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tpublisher = {Mansell Publishing Ltd.},\n\teditor = {Sardar, ZIauddin},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {Development, Green Revolution, India, Islamic science, Medicine, Nuclear energy, Penang Declaration, The, Science \\& Culture, South Asia, Sri Lanka, Third World, Transfer of Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Athena, goddess of both war and reason, is best personified in the modern world by science. Modern, western science and technology are being used, in the name of reason, to wage war against man and his natural and built environment, nowhere more clearly than in the developing world. Contributors to The Revenge of Athena explore how modern science perpetrates violence against the people, societies, economics, environments, traditions, cultures, ontologies and epistemologies of the Third World; and investigate how the Third World can develop to meet the challenge of western science. Part 1 comprises three essays that analyse the crisis in modern science and investigate the connection between science and ideology. They explore the question of whether science and destruction are inextricably linked, and whether there is something inherent in modern science that predisposes it to political and ideological manipulation. Part 2 assesses the catastrophic impact on the developing world of western science and technology, which has dismissed traditional thought, devastated traditional lifestyles and replaced tried and tested techniques with new methods that have all too often proved destructive and less efficient. At the same time, western science has inhibited indigenous scientific development. Part 3 explores the possibilities for reviving indigenous science in the Third World and revitalizing traditional techniques and technologies, so that ecologically-stable developing countries might attain new attitudes of self-reliance and non-dependence.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1987\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ideals and Realities: Selected Essays of Abdus Salam.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Salam, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n World Scientific, Singapore, Second edition, 1987.\n Google-Books-ID: GjFqDQAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{salam_ideals_1987,\n\taddress = {Singapore},\n\tedition = {Second},\n\ttitle = {Ideals and {Realities}: {Selected} {Essays} of {Abdus} {Salam}},\n\tisbn = {9789971503161},\n\tshorttitle = {Ideals and {Realities}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Ideals_and_Realities/GjFqDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1},\n\tabstract = {Topic of particular interest is Professor Salam's view on the development and the international nature of science. His insistence that a scientific thought and its creation is the common and shared heritage of mankind which deserves much thought. There are also interesting accounts of Professor Salam himself and of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics at Trieste, Italy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {World Scientific},\n\tauthor = {Salam, Abdus},\n\teditor = {Lai, C. H.},\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: GjFqDQAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Developing Countries, Islam \\& Science, Islam/Muslim, Pakistan, Physics, Salam, Abdus, Selected Works, Third World Academy of Sciences. The},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Topic of particular interest is Professor Salam's view on the development and the international nature of science. His insistence that a scientific thought and its creation is the common and shared heritage of mankind which deserves much thought. There are also interesting accounts of Professor Salam himself and of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics at Trieste, Italy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II and Indian Renaissance.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Navrang, New Delhi, 1987.\n Google-Books-ID: CRUhAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_maharaja_1987,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Maharaja {Sawai} {Jai} {Singh} {II} and {Indian} {Renaissance}},\n\tisbn = {9788170130413},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Navrang},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: CRUhAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Colonialism, Intellectual History, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Orientation of the Public Sciences in a Post-Colonial Society: The Experience of India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramasubban, R.; and Singh, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Blume, S.; Bunders, J.; Leydesdorff, L.; and Whitley, R., editor(s), The Social Direction of the Public Sciences: Causes and Consequences of Co-operation between Scientists and Non-scientific Groups, pages 163–191. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 1987.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@incollection{ramasubban_orientation_1987,\n\taddress = {Dordrecht},\n\ttitle = {The {Orientation} of the {Public} {Sciences} in a {Post}-{Colonial} {Society}: {The} {Experience} of {India}},\n\tisbn = {9789400937550},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Orientation} of the {Public} {Sciences} in a {Post}-{Colonial} {Society}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3755-0_7},\n\tabstract = {The forces which condition the development of scientific and technological activity in the late (or newly) developing countries embody several contradictory elements. Although modern science and technology were introduced into these countries in a limited way during the colonial period and their importance highlighted during the freedom struggles, it was only after the attainment of political independence that they were accorded the role of major knowledge producing institutions, i.e., where scientific knowledge is highly regarded and its production strongly supported. The State, in these countries, has sought deliberately to steer the scientific system under its own sponsorship, direction and management in order to turn it into a tool of economic development.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tbooktitle = {The {Social} {Direction} of the {Public} {Sciences}: {Causes} and {Consequences} of {Co}-operation between {Scientists} and {Non}-scientific {Groups}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Netherlands},\n\tauthor = {Ramasubban, Radhika and Singh, Bhanwar},\n\teditor = {Blume, Stuart and Bunders, Joske and Leydesdorff, Loet and Whitley, Richard},\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-94-009-3755-0_7},\n\tkeywords = {Post-Independence India, S\\&T System in India, Social History of Science, Sociology of Science, State \\& Science},\n\tpages = {163--191},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The forces which condition the development of scientific and technological activity in the late (or newly) developing countries embody several contradictory elements. Although modern science and technology were introduced into these countries in a limited way during the colonial period and their importance highlighted during the freedom struggles, it was only after the attainment of political independence that they were accorded the role of major knowledge producing institutions, i.e., where scientific knowledge is highly regarded and its production strongly supported. The State, in these countries, has sought deliberately to steer the scientific system under its own sponsorship, direction and management in order to turn it into a tool of economic development.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Another Revolution Fails: An Investigation Into how and why India's Operation Flood Project, Touted as the World's Largest Dairy Development Programme, Funded by EEC, Went Off the Rails.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alvares, C. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ajanta Publications, New Delhi, 1987.\n Google-Books-ID: 71JIAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{alvares_another_1987,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Another {Revolution} {Fails}: {An} {Investigation} {Into} how and why {India}'s {Operation} {Flood} {Project}, {Touted} as the {World}'s {Largest} {Dairy} {Development} {Programme}, {Funded} by {EEC}, {Went} {Off} the {Rails}},\n\tisbn = {9788120201187, 8120201183},\n\tshorttitle = {Another {Revolution} {Fails}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Another_Revolution_Fails/7HY7AAAACAAJ?hl=en},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Ajanta Publications},\n\tauthor = {Alvares, Claude Alphonso},\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 71JIAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Technology \\& Society, Technoscientific projects \\& programmes},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1986\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n History of Science and Technology in Ancient India: The Beginnings.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyaya, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Firma KLM, Calcutta, 1986.\n Google-Books-ID: KHk_tQEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{chattopadhyaya_history_1986,\n\taddress = {Calcutta},\n\ttitle = {History of {Science} and {Technology} in {Ancient} {India}: {The} {Beginnings}},\n\tisbn = {9788171020539},\n\tshorttitle = {History of {Science} and {Technology} in {Ancient} {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/History_of_Science_and_Technology_in_Anc/KHk_tQEACAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {"This superb work of scholarship on ancient India defies all summary. The author has rendered A service to all historians of Science by opening up an unknown world--Unknown even to his fellow countymen."},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Firma KLM},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad},\n\tyear = {1986},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: KHk\\_tQEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Historiographies, History of Indian Astronomy, Indian Knowledge Systems, Marxism \\& Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"This superb work of scholarship on ancient India defies all summary. The author has rendered A service to all historians of Science by opening up an unknown world–Unknown even to his fellow countymen.\"\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hermeneutics and Cross-cultural Communication in Science : The Reception of Western Scientific Ideas in 19th-Century India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Raj, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Revue de synthèse, 107(1): 107–120. January 1986.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{raj_hermeneutics_1986,\n\ttitle = {Hermeneutics and {Cross}-cultural {Communication} in {Science} : {The} {Reception} of {Western} {Scientific} {Ideas} in 19th-{Century} {India}},\n\tvolume = {107},\n\tissn = {1955-2343},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03189014},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF03189014},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Revue de synthèse},\n\tauthor = {Raj, Kapil},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1986},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, Circulation of Knowledge, Colonialism, Domestication of Science, Dutch East India Company, India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {107--120},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n History of Science and Technology in Ancient India: Formation of the Theoretical Fundamentals of Natural Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyaya, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Firma KLM, Calcutta, 1986.\n Google-Books-ID: bL64AAAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{chattopadhyaya_history_1986,\n\taddress = {Calcutta},\n\ttitle = {History of {Science} and {Technology} in {Ancient} {India}: {Formation} of the {Theoretical} {Fundamentals} of {Natural} {Science}},\n\tshorttitle = {History of {Science} and {Technology} in {Ancient} {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/History_of_Science_and_Technology_in_Anc/bL64AAAAIAAJ?hl=en},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Firma KLM},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad},\n\tyear = {1986},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: bL64AAAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Historiographies, History of Indian Astronomy, Indian Knowledge Systems},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n History of Science and Technology in Ancient India: Astronomy, Science, and Society.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyaya, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Firma KLM, Calcutta, 1986.\n Google-Books-ID: jModAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{chattopadhyaya_history_1986,\n\taddress = {Calcutta},\n\ttitle = {History of {Science} and {Technology} in {Ancient} {India}: {Astronomy}, {Science}, and {Society}},\n\tisbn = {9788171020546},\n\tshorttitle = {History of {Science} and {Technology} in {Ancient} {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/History_of_Science_and_Technology_in_Anc/jModAAAAMAAJ?hl=en},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Firma KLM},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad},\n\tyear = {1986},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: jModAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Historiographies, Indian Astronomical Texts, Indian Knowledge Systems},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1985\n \n \n (6)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Delhi Science Forum Report: Bhopal Gas Tragedy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Forum, D. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 13(1): 32–53. January 1985.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{delhi_science_forum_delhi_1985,\n\ttitle = {Delhi {Science} {Forum} {Report}: {Bhopal} {Gas} {Tragedy}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.2307/3517242},\n\tabstract = {Report prepared by the Delhi Science Forum on the Bhopal Gad Tragedy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Delhi Science Forum},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1985},\n\tkeywords = {Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Delhi Science Forum, India, People's Science Movements (PSMs)},\n\tpages = {32--53},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Report prepared by the Delhi Science Forum on the Bhopal Gad Tragedy.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n History of Astronomy in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sen, S.; and Shukla, K.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, First Edition edition, 1985.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{sen_history_1985,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\tedition = {First Edition},\n\ttitle = {History of {Astronomy} in {India}},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.205661},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tpublisher = {Indian National Science Academy},\n\teditor = {Sen, S.N. and Shukla, K.S.},\n\tyear = {1985},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Astronomy, History of Science \\& Technology, India, Medieval India, Traditional Knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Bhopal Tragedy: One Year After.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n (APPEN), A. P. E. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Sahabat Alam Malaysia (Friends of the Earth Malaysia), 1985.\n Google-Books-ID: J5tIAAAAYAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@techreport{asia-pacific_peoples_environment_network_appen_bhopal_1985,\n\ttitle = {The {Bhopal} {Tragedy}: {One} {Year} {After}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Bhopal} {Tragedy}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Bhopal_Tragedy/J5tIAAAAYAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {An APPEN Report on the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, the worst Industrial Disaster in the World (1984)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tinstitution = {Sahabat Alam Malaysia (Friends of the Earth Malaysia)},\n\tauthor = {Asia-Pacific Peoples Environment Network (APPEN)},\n\tyear = {1985},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: J5tIAAAAYAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Disasters, India, Industry},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n An APPEN Report on the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, the worst Industrial Disaster in the World (1984)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Institutional Efforts: Popularization of Science in the Mid 19th Century.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Fundamenta Scientiae, 6(4): 299–312. 1985.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{habib_institutional_1985,\n\ttitle = {Institutional {Efforts}: {Popularization} of {Science} in the {Mid} 19th {Century}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {0160-7847},\n\tshorttitle = {Institutional efforts},\n\tabstract = {(Not avalable)},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Fundamenta Scientiae},\n\tauthor = {Habib, Irfan},\n\tyear = {1985},\n\tpmid = {11611913},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Domestication of science, India, Intelligentsia, Popular Science, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {299--312},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not avalable)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Practising Western Science Outside the West: Personal Observations on the Indian Scene.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Choudhuri, A. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Studies of Science, 15(3): 475–505. August 1985.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{choudhuri_practising_1985,\n\ttitle = {Practising {Western} {Science} {Outside} the {West}: {Personal} {Observations} on the {Indian} {Scene}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0306-3127, 1460-3659},\n\tshorttitle = {Practising {Western} {Science} {Outside} the {West}},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/030631285015003004},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/030631285015003004},\n\tabstract = {Modern science, which was an indigenous product of Western culture, is now being practised in many non-Western countries. This paper discusses the peculiar social, cultural and intellectual problems which scientists of these non-Western countries face in adopting Western science in their situations, with special reference to India. It is pointed out that, in addition to money and communication, it is necessary to have a proper psychological gestalt to practise science satisfactorily. The author analyzes his experience as a physics student in India and in the United States to clarify the nature of this psychological gestalt, and to explain what makes it difficult for non-Western scientists to acquire it.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-05-08},\n\tjournal = {Social Studies of Science},\n\tauthor = {Choudhuri, Arnab Rai},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1985},\n\tkeywords = {Basalla, George, Centre-Periphery, India, Scientific Community},\n\tpages = {475--505},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Modern science, which was an indigenous product of Western culture, is now being practised in many non-Western countries. This paper discusses the peculiar social, cultural and intellectual problems which scientists of these non-Western countries face in adopting Western science in their situations, with special reference to India. It is pointed out that, in addition to money and communication, it is necessary to have a proper psychological gestalt to practise science satisfactorily. The author analyzes his experience as a physics student in India and in the United States to clarify the nature of this psychological gestalt, and to explain what makes it difficult for non-Western scientists to acquire it.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Organizing for Science: The Making of an Industrial Research Laboratory.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Visvanathan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, 1985.\n Google-Books-ID: pcglAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{visvanathan_organizing_1985,\n\ttitle = {Organizing for {Science}: {The} {Making} of an {Industrial} {Research} {Laboratory}},\n\tisbn = {9780195617153},\n\tshorttitle = {Organizing for {Science}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Visvanathan, Shiv},\n\tyear = {1985},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: pcglAAAAMAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1984\n \n \n (8)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific and Technological Reports of the Raj.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n of Historical records of Indian sciencesNISTADS, New Delhi, 1984.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_scientific_1984,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\tseries = {Historical records of {Indian} sciences},\n\ttitle = {Scientific and {Technological} {Reports} of the {Raj}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {NISTADS},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1984},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonial India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Documentation, Reports, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T System in India, State \\& Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Technology in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n NISTADS, New Delhi, 1984.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_science_1984,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Technology} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {NISTADS},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1984},\n\tkeywords = {Post-Independence India, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Science Policy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Resources and the Raj : A Case Study of Geological Works in Nineteenth Century India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Historical Quarterly, 10(1-2): 66–89. 1984.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_science_1984,\n\ttitle = {Science, {Resources} and the {Raj} : {A} {Case} {Study} of {Geological} {Works} in {Nineteenth} {Century} {India}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\tjournal = {Indian Historical Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tyear = {1984},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, British India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Geology, India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology},\n\tpages = {66--89},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Technology in Indian Culture: A Historical Perspective.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n National Institute of Science, Technology & Development Studies, New Delhi, 1984.\n Google-Books-ID: LZPQAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{rahman_science_1984,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Technology} in {Indian} {Culture}: {A} {Historical} {Perspective}},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and {Technology} in {Indian} {Culture}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Science_and_Technology_in_Indian_Culture/LZPQAAAAMAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {Transcript of lectures.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {National Institute of Science, Technology \\& Development Studies},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1984},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: LZPQAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Transcript of lectures.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Aborted Discovery: Science and Creativity in the Third World.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Goonatilake, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zed Books, 1984.\n Google-Books-ID: q73aAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{goonatilake_aborted_1984,\n\ttitle = {Aborted {Discovery}: {Science} and {Creativity} in the {Third} {World}},\n\tisbn = {9780862320881},\n\tshorttitle = {Aborted {Discovery}},\n\tabstract = {Study of obstacles to creative thinking in science in developing countries - analyses the history of science in Europe; examines science and technology prior to colonialism, focusing on South Asia, and the spread and dominance of Western physical and social sciences in the Third World; considers the impact of social development and independence on scientific development and dependence, and the social implications of technology transfer, esp. Agricultural technology. Bibliography.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Zed Books},\n\tauthor = {Goonatilake, Susantha},\n\tyear = {1984},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: q73aAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial Science, Colonialism, Eurocentricism, Postcolonial, South Asia},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Study of obstacles to creative thinking in science in developing countries - analyses the history of science in Europe; examines science and technology prior to colonialism, focusing on South Asia, and the spread and dominance of Western physical and social sciences in the Third World; considers the impact of social development and independence on scientific development and dependence, and the social implications of technology transfer, esp. Agricultural technology. Bibliography.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \"People's Science\" and Development Theory.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 19(28): 1082–1084. 1984.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n@article{kumar_peoples_1984,\n\ttitle = {"{People}'s {Science}" and {Development} {Theory}},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {0012-9976},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4373405},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tnumber = {28},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Krishna},\n\tyear = {1984},\n\tkeywords = {Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Social Movements},\n\tpages = {1082--1084},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science as Social Activism: Reports and Papers on The People's Science Movements in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parishad, K. S. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Trivandrum, 1984.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{parishad_science_1984,\n\taddress = {Trivandrum},\n\ttitle = {Science as {Social} {Activism}: {Reports} and {Papers} on {The} {People}'s {Science} {Movements} in {India}},\n\tshorttitle = {Science as {Social} {Activism}},\n\tabstract = {Papers and proceedings of the Second All India Convention of People's Science Movements held in Trivandrum, India during February 9,10 and 11, 1983. It also consists of selected papers of the PSM convention, 1978.},\n\tlanguage = {Eng},\n\tpublisher = {Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad},\n\tauthor = {Parishad, Kerala Sastra Sahitya},\n\tyear = {1984},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi \\& Science, Marxism \\& Science, People's Science Movements (PSMs), Social Movements},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Papers and proceedings of the Second All India Convention of People's Science Movements held in Trivandrum, India during February 9,10 and 11, 1983. It also consists of selected papers of the PSM convention, 1978.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Other Mind of Europe: Goethe as a Scientist.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Uberoi, J. P. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, 1984.\n Google-Books-ID: VrfaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{uberoi_other_1984,\n\ttitle = {The {Other} {Mind} of {Europe}: {Goethe} as a {Scientist}},\n\tisbn = {9780195616774},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Other} {Mind} of {Europe}},\n\tabstract = {While Goethe is generally dismissed as a scientist, this book provides a new reading of the German poet's work in botany and optical physics, arguing that Goethe's 'non-standard' or Paracelsian conception of scientific method is an important and still relevant alternative to the orthodox scientific tradition. The author examines both Goethe's sources and his critics, including Helmholtz, Heisenberg and Pauli in physics, Schopenhauer and Wittgenstein in philosophy, and Rudolf Steiner in occultism. This unique work will interest researchers and academicians in the history and philosophy of science.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Uberoi, J. P. Singh},\n\tyear = {1984},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: VrfaAAAAMAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n While Goethe is generally dismissed as a scientist, this book provides a new reading of the German poet's work in botany and optical physics, arguing that Goethe's 'non-standard' or Paracelsian conception of scientific method is an important and still relevant alternative to the orthodox scientific tradition. The author examines both Goethe's sources and his critics, including Helmholtz, Heisenberg and Pauli in physics, Schopenhauer and Wittgenstein in philosophy, and Rudolf Steiner in occultism. This unique work will interest researchers and academicians in the history and philosophy of science.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1983\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Intellectual Colonisation: Science and Technology in West-East Relations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 1983.\n Google-Books-ID: XvM5AAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{rahman_intellectual_1983,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Intellectual {Colonisation}: {Science} and {Technology} in {West}-{East} {Relations}},\n\tisbn = {9780706923360},\n\tshorttitle = {Intellectual {Colonisation}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vikas Publishing House},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: XvM5AAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Circulation of Knowledge, Decolonization, Marxism \\& Science, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n India's Nuclear Estate.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Lancers Publishers, New Delhi, 1983.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{sharma_indias_1983,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {India's {Nuclear} {Estate}},\n\turl = {https://www.proquest.com/openview/81f1874ad39a0436e92221a09c8b317d/1?cbl=136202&pq-origsite=gscholar},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Lancers Publishers},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Dhirendra},\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tkeywords = {India, Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear energy, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T System in India, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Towards a People's Science Movement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jaffry, A.; Rangarajan, M.; Ekbbal, B.; and Kannan, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 18(11): 372–376. March 1983.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{jaffry_towards_1983,\n\ttitle = {Towards a {People}'s {Science} {Movement}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4371946},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Jaffry, Anwar and Rangarajan, Mahesh and Ekbbal, B. and Kannan, K.P.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tkeywords = {Gandhi \\& Science, India, Kerala, Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Marxism \\& Science, People's Health Movement, People's Science Movements (PSMs)},\n\tpages = {372--376},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n American Involvement in Indian Agricultural Research.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abrol, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 11(10): 08–26. 1983.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{abrol_american_1983,\n\ttitle = {American {Involvement} in {Indian} {Agricultural} {Research}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3517040https://www.jstor.org/stable/3517040},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.2307/3517040},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Abrol, Dinesh},\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Research, Agriculture, Collaboration, India, Scientific Exchange},\n\tpages = {08--26},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1982\n \n \n (11)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Role of Parliament in the Formulation of National Science and Technology Policy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n NISTADS, New Delhi, 1982.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{rahman_role_1982,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Role} of {Parliament} in the {Formulation} of {National} {Science} and {Technology} {Policy}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {NISTADS},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tkeywords = {Post-Independence India, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Science \\& Democracy, Science Policy, Science and State},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Indian Response to European Technology and Culture, (A.D. 1498-1707).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Qaiser, A. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1982.\n Google-Books-ID: AVgiAQAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{qaiser_indian_1982,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {The {Indian} {Response} to {European} {Technology} and {Culture}, ({A}.{D}. 1498-1707)},\n\tisbn = {9780195645552},\n\tabstract = {Examining the technological and cultural influences of Europe upon Moghul India in the 16th and 17th centuries, this book employs a variety of sources to counter the assertion that Indian society was historically resistant to change.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Qaiser, Ahsan Jan},\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: AVgiAQAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {16th Century, 17th Century, Early modern, Medieval India, Mughal, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Examining the technological and cultural influences of Europe upon Moghul India in the 16th and 17th centuries, this book employs a variety of sources to counter the assertion that Indian society was historically resistant to change.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science-based Industrialization in a Developing Country: The Case of the Indian Scientific Instruments Industry 1947–1968.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Clark, N.; and Parthasarathi, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Modern Asian Studies, 16(4): 657–682. October 1982.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{clark_science-based_1982,\n\ttitle = {Science-based {Industrialization} in a {Developing} {Country}: {The} {Case} of the {Indian} {Scientific} {Instruments} {Industry} 1947–1968},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1469-8099, 0026-749X},\n\tshorttitle = {Science-based {Industrialization} in a {Developiṅg} {Country}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/abs/science-based-industrialization-in-a-developig-country-the-case-of-the-indian-scientific-instruments-industry-19471968/4448B422C0408095420D536A4178434C},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0026749X00017297},\n\tabstract = {This paper represents an attempt to throw more light on the problems faced by developing countries in their efforts to industrialize, through an examination of the recent economic history of a particular case, the scientific instruments industry in India. Since many of these problems are connected with technological matters, particular attention is paid to the relations between ‘science’ and ‘production’, broadly defined, and to how these relations affect prospects for industrial development under present-day conditions. The paper's other focus is the role of'planning’ in the industry's development, and the gap between what the planners envisaged and what happened in actual practice.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Modern Asian Studies},\n\tauthor = {Clark, Norman and Parthasarathi, Ashok},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tkeywords = {Industry, Instruments, R\\&D Policy, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, S\\&T Ventures, Technology},\n\tpages = {657--682},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n This paper represents an attempt to throw more light on the problems faced by developing countries in their efforts to industrialize, through an examination of the recent economic history of a particular case, the scientific instruments industry in India. Since many of these problems are connected with technological matters, particular attention is paid to the relations between ‘science’ and ‘production’, broadly defined, and to how these relations affect prospects for industrial development under present-day conditions. The paper's other focus is the role of'planning’ in the industry's development, and the gap between what the planners envisaged and what happened in actual practice.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Technology in Medieval India-A Bibliography of Source Materials in Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, 1982.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{rahman_science_1982,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Technology} in {Medieval} {India}-{A} {Bibliography} of {Source} {Materials} in {Sanskrit}, {Arabic} and {Persian}},\n\tisbn = {0000},\n\tshorttitle = {S\\&{T} in {Medieval} {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/science-and-technology-in-medieval-india-bibliography-of-source-materials-in-sanskrit-arabic-and-persian-old-and-rare-book-nav750/},\n\tabstract = {"In order to have a proper historical understanding of science and technology and to remove the \nEuropean bias which has dominated these studies so far, the study of the contributions made in \nAsia is vital. The Asian culture area, from West Asia to Indonesia, including Central Asia (now \npart of USSR) should be regarded as one entity, despite different languages and religions, which \ndominated different regions in different historical epochs of the medieval period. A close study of \nthe literature of the period in Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit and other languages may reveal a continuous \ninteraction and development over the entire period. This was disrupted by the impact of coloniza- \ntion by Europeans in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when barring small pockets, most of \nthe countries became either colonies or semi-colonies, and consequently suppliers of raw materials \nto feed the industries of Europe. Further, a comparative study of the different regions of Asia, \nwith regard to medieval scientific and technological tradition, would not only be helpful in placing \nin some perspective the European developments, but also some of the problems of contemporary \ndevelopment of science and technology in this region. " (From the introduction)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-05-08},\n\tpublisher = {Indian National Science Academy},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, A.},\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tkeywords = {India, Indigenous Knowledge, Medieval India, Mughal, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Science, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \"In order to have a proper historical understanding of science and technology and to remove the European bias which has dominated these studies so far, the study of the contributions made in Asia is vital. The Asian culture area, from West Asia to Indonesia, including Central Asia (now part of USSR) should be regarded as one entity, despite different languages and religions, which dominated different regions in different historical epochs of the medieval period. A close study of the literature of the period in Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit and other languages may reveal a continuous interaction and development over the entire period. This was disrupted by the impact of coloniza- tion by Europeans in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when barring small pockets, most of the countries became either colonies or semi-colonies, and consequently suppliers of raw materials to feed the industries of Europe. Further, a comparative study of the different regions of Asia, with regard to medieval scientific and technological tradition, would not only be helpful in placing in some perspective the European developments, but also some of the problems of contemporary development of science and technology in this region. \" (From the introduction)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Book Review: Homo Faber: Technology and Culture in India, China and the West from 1500 to the Present Day by Claude Alvares (review).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 23(3): 479–481. 1982.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{rahman_book_1982,\n\ttitle = {Book {Review}: {Homo} {Faber}: {Technology} and {Culture} in {India}, {China} and the {West} from 1500 to the {Present} {Day} by {Claude} {Alvares} (review)},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {1097-3729},\n\tshorttitle = {Homo {Faber}},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/891194},\n\tabstract = {TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 479 own experiments, on which he depends heavily in order to sustain his point of view concerning the use of saltpeter (pp. 273-74), cannot be credited as having evidential value until they are published in a manner that can he independently verified by other scholars working in their own laboratories. Historians who would use scientific experiments must be held to no less a standard than research scientists. Further, concerning Tsangadas’s argument about Greek lire, I would take issue with his contention (p. 127) that because the Byzantines made some significant scientific advances, it is “a little peculiar” to argue that they did not purify “salpeter” (sic). The history of science and technology throughout the ages is filled with examples of advancements existing side by side with failures to find what subsequent observers saw to be obvious or simple. Peculiarity is not evidence. On the whole, those interested in the history of technology will find little of obvious interest in this volume. A careful reading will reveal, however, that Byzantine specialists base their interpretations for the pace and quantity of the construction of walls and ships upon un examined assumptions concerning the available technology. What is greatly needed, hut has yet to be done, is to take the huge figures given in the sources for the numbers of men and ships and test these against what we know of the technology and resources. Tsangadas’s rather uncritical acceptance of these huge figures is consonant with the state of research in the field, which evidences a serious neglect of all but the most obvious (namely, Greek fire) of the interactions of technology and society. Bernard S. Baciiracii* Homo Faber: Technology and Culture in India, China and the West from 1500 to the Present Day. By Claude Alvares. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1980. Pp. xxi+275. \\$46.20. This book has seven chapters, an apologia, a note on terminology, an afterword, notes, and an annotated bibliography. At the outset, Alvares specifies some of his precepts, which include a rejection of the Western model of man and the Western value system. Further, he warns the reader not to expect a systematic history of technology. Indeed, he rejects the Western understanding and formulation of technology and culture, indicating that the Western paradigm is highly Eurocentric and calculated to meet specific political needs. As is evident from a quotation from Joseph Needham in the first *Dr. Baciiracii, of the University of Minnesota, has taught courses in the history of technology and military history as well as general medieval history. Among his publica tions are hooks and articles dealing with Byzantine military history, technology, and archaeology. 480 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE chapter, Alvares wishes to see European culture from outside. His main contention is that culture is the central ingredient of human development, including the development of technology. He presents a number of examples from different Asian countries, and a few in Africa, to illustrate his point. The second chapter gives some account of Indian technology and culture from 1498 to 1757. The third deals with Chinese technology and culture, 1368-1842. The fourth discusses English technology and culture from 1500 to 1800, while the fifth addresses the Age of Co lonialism. The sixth chapter deals with the revival of technology and culture in China and India, and the final chapter discusses appropriate technology. Alvares projects considerable emotion, which stems from his sense that the Imperial powers attempted to degrade the achievements of Asian science, technology, and culture—and they succeeded. The re sult is an enthusiasm for Asian science, technology, and culture that is reflected throughout the book. Yet Homo Faber is based essentially on source materials and a conceptual framework provided by European authors, and there are plentiful references to usef ul sources by Euro pean (especially non-English) scholars. This is, however, also the book’s major limitation—something evident at least to me as a reader who is familiar with the history of science in medieval India. The medieval period was one of considerable development in both science and technology. A large number of innovations were introduced in hor ticulture, with large-scale cultivation of...},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, A.},\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tkeywords = {Alvares, Claude, Colonialism, India, Post colonial Science},\n\tpages = {479--481},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 479 own experiments, on which he depends heavily in order to sustain his point of view concerning the use of saltpeter (pp. 273-74), cannot be credited as having evidential value until they are published in a manner that can he independently verified by other scholars working in their own laboratories. Historians who would use scientific experiments must be held to no less a standard than research scientists. Further, concerning Tsangadas’s argument about Greek lire, I would take issue with his contention (p. 127) that because the Byzantines made some significant scientific advances, it is “a little peculiar” to argue that they did not purify “salpeter” (sic). The history of science and technology throughout the ages is filled with examples of advancements existing side by side with failures to find what subsequent observers saw to be obvious or simple. Peculiarity is not evidence. On the whole, those interested in the history of technology will find little of obvious interest in this volume. A careful reading will reveal, however, that Byzantine specialists base their interpretations for the pace and quantity of the construction of walls and ships upon un examined assumptions concerning the available technology. What is greatly needed, hut has yet to be done, is to take the huge figures given in the sources for the numbers of men and ships and test these against what we know of the technology and resources. Tsangadas’s rather uncritical acceptance of these huge figures is consonant with the state of research in the field, which evidences a serious neglect of all but the most obvious (namely, Greek fire) of the interactions of technology and society. Bernard S. Baciiracii* Homo Faber: Technology and Culture in India, China and the West from 1500 to the Present Day. By Claude Alvares. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1980. Pp. xxi+275. $46.20. This book has seven chapters, an apologia, a note on terminology, an afterword, notes, and an annotated bibliography. At the outset, Alvares specifies some of his precepts, which include a rejection of the Western model of man and the Western value system. Further, he warns the reader not to expect a systematic history of technology. Indeed, he rejects the Western understanding and formulation of technology and culture, indicating that the Western paradigm is highly Eurocentric and calculated to meet specific political needs. As is evident from a quotation from Joseph Needham in the first *Dr. Baciiracii, of the University of Minnesota, has taught courses in the history of technology and military history as well as general medieval history. Among his publica tions are hooks and articles dealing with Byzantine military history, technology, and archaeology. 480 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE chapter, Alvares wishes to see European culture from outside. His main contention is that culture is the central ingredient of human development, including the development of technology. He presents a number of examples from different Asian countries, and a few in Africa, to illustrate his point. The second chapter gives some account of Indian technology and culture from 1498 to 1757. The third deals with Chinese technology and culture, 1368-1842. The fourth discusses English technology and culture from 1500 to 1800, while the fifth addresses the Age of Co lonialism. The sixth chapter deals with the revival of technology and culture in China and India, and the final chapter discusses appropriate technology. Alvares projects considerable emotion, which stems from his sense that the Imperial powers attempted to degrade the achievements of Asian science, technology, and culture—and they succeeded. The re sult is an enthusiasm for Asian science, technology, and culture that is reflected throughout the book. Yet Homo Faber is based essentially on source materials and a conceptual framework provided by European authors, and there are plentiful references to usef ul sources by Euro pean (especially non-English) scholars. This is, however, also the book’s major limitation—something evident at least to me as a reader who is familiar with the history of science in medieval India. The medieval period was one of considerable development in both science and technology. A large number of innovations were introduced in hor ticulture, with large-scale cultivation of...\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Studies in the History of Science in India: Astrology, Astronomy, and Mathematics; Medieval India, Interaction and Exchange.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyaya, D. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 2 Editorial Enterprises, New Delhi, 1982.\n Google-Books-ID: YhYltgEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{chattopadhyaya_studies_1982,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Studies in the {History} of {Science} in {India}: {Astrology}, {Astronomy}, and {Mathematics}; {Medieval} {India}, {Interaction} and {Exchange}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tshorttitle = {Studies in the {History} of {Science} in {India}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Editorial Enterprises},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyaya, Debi Prasad},\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: YhYltgEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Economic Compulsions and the Geological Survey of India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of History of Science, 17(2): 289–300. 1982.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_economic_1982,\n\ttitle = {Economic {Compulsions} and the {Geological} {Survey} of {India}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tkeywords = {Colonialism, Geology, Governmentality, Great Surveys, The, India},\n\tpages = {289--300},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Racial Discrimination and Science in Nineteenth Century India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 19(1): 63–82. January 1982.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_racial_1982,\n\ttitle = {Racial {Discrimination} and {Science} in {Nineteenth} {Century} {India}},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001946468201900104},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/001946468201900104},\n\tabstract = {(not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, India, Race, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {63--82},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n (not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Politics, And The Agricultural Revolution In Asia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Anderson, R. S.; Brass, P. R.; Levy, E.; and Morrison, B.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, First Edition edition, 1982.\n Google-Books-ID: MGQPEAAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{anderson_science_1982,\n\taddress = {Boulder, Colorado},\n\tedition = {First Edition},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Politics}, {And} {The} {Agricultural} {Revolution} {In} {Asia}},\n\tisbn = {0865313202},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Science_Politics_And_The_Agricultural_Re/sq2bDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1},\n\tabstract = {Agriculture in southern Asia has undergone a radical transformation in recent years, one that continues to alter the political economy of the area. Beyond the familiar elements of the green revolution, there has been an increase in resource exploitation for food production, and a rise in the economic and political strength of food producers, as well.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Westview Press},\n\teditor = {Anderson, Robert S. and Brass, Paul R. and Levy, Edwin and Morrison, Barrie},\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: MGQPEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Agriculture, Green Revolution, Green Revolution in India, Science and State},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Agriculture in southern Asia has undergone a radical transformation in recent years, one that continues to alter the political economy of the area. Beyond the familiar elements of the green revolution, there has been an increase in resource exploitation for food production, and a rise in the economic and political strength of food producers, as well.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Shamans, Mystics and Doctors: A Psychological Inquiry into India and its Healing Traditions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kakar, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1982.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{kakar_shamans_1982,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Shamans, {Mystics} and {Doctors}:\nA {Psychological} {Inquiry} into {India} and its {Healing} {Traditions}},\n\tisbn = {9780195615074},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/_/zdqlPwAACAAJ?hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjAoOqT7p-NAxXwxDgGHQzuOdkQ7_IDegQIDhAG},\n\tabstract = {Shamans, Mystics and Doctors is a detailed and thoroughly fascinating account of the many ways in which the ancient healing traditions of India--embodied in the rituals of shamans, the teachings of gurus and the precepts of the school of medicine known as Ayurveda--diagnose and treat emotional disorder. Drawing on three years of intensive fieldwork and his own psychoanalytic training and experience, Sudhir Kakar takes us into a world of Islamic mosques and Hindu temples, of assembled multitudes, and dingy, out-of-the-way consultation rooms... a world where patients and healers blame evil spirits for emotional disturbances... where dreams and symptoms that would be familiar to Freud are interpreted in terms of a myriad of deities and legends... where trance-like "dissociation states" are induced to bring out and resolve the conflicts of repressed anger, lust and envy... where proper grooming, diet, exercise and conduct are (and have been for centuries) seen as essential to the preservation of a healthy mind and body. As he witnesses the practitioners and their patients, as he elucidates the therapeutic systems on which their encounters are based, as he contrasts his own Western training and biases with evidence of his eyes (and the sympathies of his heart), Kakar reveals the universal concerns of these individuals and their admittedly foreign cultures--people we can recognize and feel for, people (like their Western counterparts) trying to find some balance between the pressures and rewards of the external world and the fantasies and desires of the internal.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kakar, Sudhir},\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tkeywords = {Healing, India, Psychoanalysis, Psychology / Social Psychology, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Shamans, Mystics and Doctors is a detailed and thoroughly fascinating account of the many ways in which the ancient healing traditions of India–embodied in the rituals of shamans, the teachings of gurus and the precepts of the school of medicine known as Ayurveda–diagnose and treat emotional disorder. Drawing on three years of intensive fieldwork and his own psychoanalytic training and experience, Sudhir Kakar takes us into a world of Islamic mosques and Hindu temples, of assembled multitudes, and dingy, out-of-the-way consultation rooms... a world where patients and healers blame evil spirits for emotional disturbances... where dreams and symptoms that would be familiar to Freud are interpreted in terms of a myriad of deities and legends... where trance-like \"dissociation states\" are induced to bring out and resolve the conflicts of repressed anger, lust and envy... where proper grooming, diet, exercise and conduct are (and have been for centuries) seen as essential to the preservation of a healthy mind and body. As he witnesses the practitioners and their patients, as he elucidates the therapeutic systems on which their encounters are based, as he contrasts his own Western training and biases with evidence of his eyes (and the sympathies of his heart), Kakar reveals the universal concerns of these individuals and their admittedly foreign cultures–people we can recognize and feel for, people (like their Western counterparts) trying to find some balance between the pressures and rewards of the external world and the fantasies and desires of the internal.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Studies in the History of Science in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyaya, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 1 Editorial Enterprises, New Delhi, 1982.\n Google-Books-ID: vcPaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{chattopadhyaya_studies_1982,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Studies in the {History} of {Science} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Editorial Enterprises},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad},\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: vcPaAAAAMAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1981\n \n \n (8)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Statement on Scientific Temper.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Centre, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Mainstream,6–10. July 1981.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{nehru_centre_statement_1981,\n\ttitle = {A {Statement} on {Scientific} {Temper}},\n\turl = {https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ycpCwjyW_C73p4lo4HlqwChVbM3O9RmU-qbxh6W8pjQ/preview?pli=1&tab=t.0},\n\tabstract = {On July 19, 1981, at the Nehru Centre in Bombay was released a document by P. N. Haksar, along with Dr Raja Ramanna and Dr P. M. Bhargava, under the title, “A Statement on Scientific Temper". In the Introduction to the document, Dr Raja Ramanna says: "The nation owes a deep debt of gratitude to Jawaharlal Nehru, more than to any other, for the sustained growth and many-sided development of modern science and technology in India, as viable instruments of social transformation. The need of the time is the diffusion of science and technology into the societal fabric at all levels. This can only be achieved by promotion of what Jawaharlal Nehru chose to call the Scientific Temper - a rational attitude, the importance of which he emphasized time and again. Indeed, the Scientific Temper has to be fostered with care at the individual, institutional, social and political levels."\n\nThis statement was an outcome of a meeting organised by the Nehru Centre of Bombay, at the Coonoor Club, Coonoor, from 22nd to 25th October 1980. The meeting was chaired by Mr. P N Haksar, and convened jointly by Mrs. Bakul Patel (Trustee and Member, Executive Committee, Nehru Centre), Dr P M Bhargava (Head, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Regional Research Laboratory, Hyderabad), and Dr B V Subbarayappa (Director, Discovery of India Project, Nehru Centre). At that time, Mr. A R Antulay was the Chairman of the Nehru Centre; Dr R Ramanna, the General Secretary; Mr. Ram Batra, the Treasurer; and Mr. Ajit Mehte, the Joint Secretary.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Mainstream},\n\tauthor = {Nehru Centre},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tkeywords = {Post-Independence India, Science War, Science and Values, Scientific Temper, Statement},\n\tpages = {6--10},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n On July 19, 1981, at the Nehru Centre in Bombay was released a document by P. N. Haksar, along with Dr Raja Ramanna and Dr P. M. Bhargava, under the title, “A Statement on Scientific Temper\". In the Introduction to the document, Dr Raja Ramanna says: \"The nation owes a deep debt of gratitude to Jawaharlal Nehru, more than to any other, for the sustained growth and many-sided development of modern science and technology in India, as viable instruments of social transformation. The need of the time is the diffusion of science and technology into the societal fabric at all levels. This can only be achieved by promotion of what Jawaharlal Nehru chose to call the Scientific Temper - a rational attitude, the importance of which he emphasized time and again. Indeed, the Scientific Temper has to be fostered with care at the individual, institutional, social and political levels.\" This statement was an outcome of a meeting organised by the Nehru Centre of Bombay, at the Coonoor Club, Coonoor, from 22nd to 25th October 1980. The meeting was chaired by Mr. P N Haksar, and convened jointly by Mrs. Bakul Patel (Trustee and Member, Executive Committee, Nehru Centre), Dr P M Bhargava (Head, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Regional Research Laboratory, Hyderabad), and Dr B V Subbarayappa (Director, Discovery of India Project, Nehru Centre). At that time, Mr. A R Antulay was the Chairman of the Nehru Centre; Dr R Ramanna, the General Secretary; Mr. Ram Batra, the Treasurer; and Mr. Ajit Mehte, the Joint Secretary.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Counter Statement on Humanistic Temper.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nandy, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Manistream,16–18. October 1981.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{nandy_counter_1981,\n\ttitle = {Counter {Statement} on {Humanistic} {Temper}},\n\tabstract = {"A Statement on Scientific Temper, a thought-provoking document signed by outstanding scientists and public figures and released by the Nehru Centre in Bombay (Mainstream, July 25, 1981) has touched off rethinking among intellectuals in the country.... We publish here a vigorous critique of the Statement." [From the Editor's note]\n\n"A Statement on Scientific Temper,' signed by a group which includes a number of my terribly respectable and highly successful friends, may read like a paean to conventionality, propriety and middle-class wisdom. On closer scrutiny, it turns out to be a mix of superstitions, half-truths and cliches....\n.What was a plurality of visions becomes, thus, a hierarchy of methods, with one method having not only permanently higher truth-value but also unrestricted applicability. In the process, Nehru is reduced to a fourth-rate pamphleteer for modern science and to a maudlin ultra-positivist."\n(From the Statement]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Manistream},\n\tauthor = {Nandy, Ashis},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tkeywords = {Post-Independence India, Science War, Science and Values, Scientific Temper},\n\tpages = {16--18},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"A Statement on Scientific Temper, a thought-provoking document signed by outstanding scientists and public figures and released by the Nehru Centre in Bombay (Mainstream, July 25, 1981) has touched off rethinking among intellectuals in the country.... We publish here a vigorous critique of the Statement.\" [From the Editor's note] \"A Statement on Scientific Temper,' signed by a group which includes a number of my terribly respectable and highly successful friends, may read like a paean to conventionality, propriety and middle-class wisdom. On closer scrutiny, it turns out to be a mix of superstitions, half-truths and cliches.... .What was a plurality of visions becomes, thus, a hierarchy of methods, with one method having not only permanently higher truth-value but also unrestricted applicability. In the process, Nehru is reduced to a fourth-rate pamphleteer for modern science and to a maudlin ultra-positivist.\" (From the Statement]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indo-Soviet Seminar on Scientific and Technological Exchanges Between India and Soviet Central Asia in Medieval Period.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Subbarayappa, B.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 1 Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, 1981.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{subbarayappa_indo-soviet_1981,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Indo-{Soviet} {Seminar} on {Scientific} and {Technological} {Exchanges} {Between} {India} and {Soviet} {Central} {Asia} in {Medieval} {Period}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\turl = {https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/indo-soviet-seminar-on-scientific-and-technological-exchanges-between-india-and-soviet-central-asia-in-medieval-period-old-and-rare-book-hba550/},\n\tabstract = {The Proceedings are the outcome of the first Indo-Soviet bilateral seminar (November 7-12, 1981 in Bombay) in the area of History of Science. \n\n"The Central Asia, by virtue of its geographical situation, has played a notable role in the history of human civilization. Comprising the large area now known as The Asian Republics of the Soviet Union, northern parts of India, Pakistan, Tibet, parts of Iran, Afghanistan and Mongolia, the Central Asia witnessed over a long period, the onward march of varied human endeavours and the dynamics of the associated material culture. Many savants, despite their different religio-philosophical persuasions and related traditional matrix, contributed in a significant manner to the evolution of several scientific ideas. The artisans and craftsmen developed from time to time ingenious skills for the ramification of several techniques. The scientific ideas and the techniques alike became inter-twined leading to an enriched living, at the same time fostering varied but integrated value systems basic to meaningful human existence.\n\nA notable characteristic of this period was mutual exchange of scientific ideas and techniques almost without inhibition and in a spirit of assimilation and recognition of the endeavours of their compeers elsewhere. In fact, the cumulative intellectual as well as technical endeavours of the Central Asian people constituted a nutrient broth as it were, for the subsequent speculations and techniques in West Asia and later even in the medieval Latin Europe.\n\nRealising the importance of the contributions of the peoples of Central Asia, UNESCO, about a decade ago, initiated studies in history, culture, arts and crafts, science and technology of Central Asia in the medieval period, in which Afghanistan, India, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan and the USSR participated. Some seminars and conferences were organized under the UNESCO Project, which, however, for one reason or the other, did not sustain itself long enough.\n\nAbout five years ago, the Indian National Science Academy and the USSR Academy of Sciences, which have a bilateral collaborative programme in science and technology, agreed to include the historical aspects of science and continuity and change in this area of human activity, being experienced in India and the Soviet Central Asia specially. Thus emerged an Indo-Soviet academic programme of the Scientific and Technological Exchanges between Soviet Central Asia and India in the Medieval Period." (From the Introduction]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tpublisher = {Indian National Science Academy},\n\teditor = {Subbarayappa, B.V.},\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tkeywords = {Central Asia, Circulation of Knowledge, India, Medieval, Scientific Exchange, Soviet Union},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The Proceedings are the outcome of the first Indo-Soviet bilateral seminar (November 7-12, 1981 in Bombay) in the area of History of Science. \"The Central Asia, by virtue of its geographical situation, has played a notable role in the history of human civilization. Comprising the large area now known as The Asian Republics of the Soviet Union, northern parts of India, Pakistan, Tibet, parts of Iran, Afghanistan and Mongolia, the Central Asia witnessed over a long period, the onward march of varied human endeavours and the dynamics of the associated material culture. Many savants, despite their different religio-philosophical persuasions and related traditional matrix, contributed in a significant manner to the evolution of several scientific ideas. The artisans and craftsmen developed from time to time ingenious skills for the ramification of several techniques. The scientific ideas and the techniques alike became inter-twined leading to an enriched living, at the same time fostering varied but integrated value systems basic to meaningful human existence. A notable characteristic of this period was mutual exchange of scientific ideas and techniques almost without inhibition and in a spirit of assimilation and recognition of the endeavours of their compeers elsewhere. In fact, the cumulative intellectual as well as technical endeavours of the Central Asian people constituted a nutrient broth as it were, for the subsequent speculations and techniques in West Asia and later even in the medieval Latin Europe. Realising the importance of the contributions of the peoples of Central Asia, UNESCO, about a decade ago, initiated studies in history, culture, arts and crafts, science and technology of Central Asia in the medieval period, in which Afghanistan, India, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan and the USSR participated. Some seminars and conferences were organized under the UNESCO Project, which, however, for one reason or the other, did not sustain itself long enough. About five years ago, the Indian National Science Academy and the USSR Academy of Sciences, which have a bilateral collaborative programme in science and technology, agreed to include the historical aspects of science and continuity and change in this area of human activity, being experienced in India and the Soviet Central Asia specially. Thus emerged an Indo-Soviet academic programme of the Scientific and Technological Exchanges between Soviet Central Asia and India in the Medieval Period.\" (From the Introduction]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Book Reviews : Claude Alvares, Homo Faber : Technology and Culture in India, China and the West; 1500 to the Present Day, (Allied Publishers, Bombay, 1979), pp. xiii+275, Rs 60.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhattacharya, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 18(1): 85–86. January 1981.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bhattacharya_book_1981,\n\ttitle = {Book {Reviews} : {Claude} {Alvares}, {Homo} {Faber} : {Technology} and {Culture} in {India}, {China} and the {West}; 1500 to the {Present} {Day}, ({Allied} {Publishers}, {Bombay}, 1979), pp. xiii+275, {Rs} 60},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\tshorttitle = {Book {Reviews}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001946468101800106},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/001946468101800106},\n\tabstract = {Book review of Claude Alvares's classic book},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Bhattacharya, S.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tkeywords = {Alvares, Claude},\n\tpages = {85--86},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Book review of Claude Alvares's classic book\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Philosophy in Ancient India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyaya, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Marxism and Indology, pages 231–262. K. P. Bagchi & Company, Calcutta & New Delhi, 1981.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{chattopadhyaya_science_1981,\n\taddress = {Calcutta \\& New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Philosophy} in {Ancient} {India}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Marxism and {Indology}},\n\tpublisher = {K. P. Bagchi \\& Company},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad},\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Philosophy and Science, Sanskrit Texts, Social History of Knowledge, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {231--262},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Headrick, D. R.; Headrick, P. o. S. S. undefined; and R., H. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, 1981.\n Google-Books-ID: qKz6wAEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{headrick_tools_1981,\n\ttitle = {The {Tools} of {Empire}: {Technology} and {European} {Imperialism} in the {Nineteenth} {Century}},\n\tisbn = {9780195028324},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Tools} of {Empire}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Headrick, Daniel R. and Headrick, Professor of Social Sciences {and} History Daniel R.},\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: qKz6wAEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History / Europe / General, History / Modern / 19th Century},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Strategy for Resolving India's Oil Crisis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Reddy, A. K. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Current Science, 50(2): 50–53. 1981.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{reddy_strategy_1981,\n\ttitle = {A {Strategy} for {Resolving} {India}'s {Oil} {Crisis}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0011-3891},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24086283},\n\tabstract = {"India is in the midst of an oil crisis. Many long-term solutions have been suggested. The question that is being asked is: can something be done immediately ? Prof. A. K. N. Reddy, who leads the group on the Application of Science and Technology to Rural Areas at the Indian Institute of Science, has come up with a simple solution, which appears to be well within our present technological capability. At our request Prof. Reddy has written a brief article for "Current Science" on this novel idea. The idea is so unorthodox cative that it merits discussion." [Form the editor's introductory note]},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Current Science},\n\tauthor = {Reddy, Amulya Kumar N.},\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tkeywords = {Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {50--53},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"India is in the midst of an oil crisis. Many long-term solutions have been suggested. The question that is being asked is: can something be done immediately ? Prof. A. K. N. Reddy, who leads the group on the Application of Science and Technology to Rural Areas at the Indian Institute of Science, has come up with a simple solution, which appears to be well within our present technological capability. At our request Prof. Reddy has written a brief article for \"Current Science\" on this novel idea. The idea is so unorthodox cative that it merits discussion.\" [Form the editor's introductory note]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Social and Cultural Context of Medicine in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gupta, G. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vikas Publishing House, 1981.\n Google-Books-ID: dGSlAAAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{gupta_social_1981,\n\ttitle = {The {Social} and {Cultural} {Context} of {Medicine} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780890891049},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Vikas Publishing House},\n\tauthor = {Gupta, Giri Raj},\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: dGSlAAAACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1980\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Society.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.; and Chowdhury, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Centre of R & D Management, CSIR, New Delhi, 1980.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_science_1980,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Society}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Centre of R \\& D Management, CSIR},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur and Chowdhury, P.N.},\n\tyear = {1980},\n\tkeywords = {Sociology of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Large and Fragile Community of Scientists in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Shiva, V.; and Bandyopadhyay, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Minerva, 18(4): 575–594. December 1980.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{shiva_large_1980,\n\ttitle = {The {Large} and {Fragile} {Community} of {Scientists} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1573-1871},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01096125},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF01096125},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tjournal = {Minerva},\n\tauthor = {Shiva, Vandana and Bandyopadhyay, Jayanta},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1980},\n\tkeywords = {India, Scientific Community},\n\tpages = {575--594},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Patterns of Colonial Science in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kumar, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of History of Science, 15(1): 105–113. May 1980.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kumar_patterns_1980,\n\ttitle = {Patterns of {Colonial} {Science} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {0019-5235},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Kumar, Deepak},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1980},\n\tpmid = {11611061},\n\tkeywords = {Colonial India, Colonial Science, India, Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {105--113},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Homo Faber : Technology and Culture in India, China, and the West from 1500 to the Present Day.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alvares, C. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n M. Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague & Boston, 1980.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{alvares_homo_1980,\n\taddress = {The Hague \\& Boston},\n\ttitle = {Homo {Faber} : {Technology} and {Culture} in {India}, {China}, and the {West} from 1500 to the {Present} {Day}},\n\tisbn = {9789024722839},\n\tshorttitle = {Homo faber},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/homofabertechnol0000alva},\n\tabstract = {Technology and Civilization: A postcolonial reading},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tpublisher = {M. Nijhoff Publishers},\n\tauthor = {Alvares, Claude Alphonso},\n\tyear = {1980},\n\tkeywords = {Postcolonial Studies of Science and Technology, Social History of Technology, Technologies-in-Practice, Technology \\& Society, Technology and civilization},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Technology and Civilization: A postcolonial reading\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Technology and Economy of Mughal India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Habib, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 17(1): 1–34. January 1980.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{habib_technology_1980,\n\ttitle = {The {Technology} and {Economy} of {Mughal} {India}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0019-4646, 0973-0893},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001946468001700101},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/001946468001700101},\n\tabstract = {"In this article my concern will largely be with technology as had more or less direct economic effects or implications, that is, with the technology of the process of production, of transport and of war. With the purely theoretical aspects of technological design (for example, the technological devices described on paper by theorists or experimenters) and sciences such as medicine and astronomy, I will not have much to do, except in so far as reference to them may be thought to illuminate any problem in our study of actual mechanical or chemical technology.\n\nIn other words, what I have set myself to do is to study the technology of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries from the point of view of a student of the economic history of that period. There has been a set assumption which has seemed very reasonable, but which has not so far been backed or checked with detailed evidence. This assumption is that before the eighteenth century, the industrial technology of India\nlacked any mechanical sophistication whatsoever, and was incapable of adopting any innovation. There has also been a tendency to ascribe to climate and geography a very large negative influence on Indian technological progress."\n[From the introduction]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2025-05-22},\n\tjournal = {The Indian Economic \\& Social History Review},\n\tauthor = {Habib, Irfan},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1980},\n\tkeywords = {India, Medieval, Mughal, Social History of Technology, Technological innovation},\n\tpages = {1--34},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"In this article my concern will largely be with technology as had more or less direct economic effects or implications, that is, with the technology of the process of production, of transport and of war. With the purely theoretical aspects of technological design (for example, the technological devices described on paper by theorists or experimenters) and sciences such as medicine and astronomy, I will not have much to do, except in so far as reference to them may be thought to illuminate any problem in our study of actual mechanical or chemical technology. In other words, what I have set myself to do is to study the technology of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries from the point of view of a student of the economic history of that period. There has been a set assumption which has seemed very reasonable, but which has not so far been backed or checked with detailed evidence. This assumption is that before the eighteenth century, the industrial technology of India lacked any mechanical sophistication whatsoever, and was incapable of adopting any innovation. There has also been a tendency to ascribe to climate and geography a very large negative influence on Indian technological progress.\" [From the introduction]\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1979\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Some Aspects of Science and Technology Growth in Developing Nations and the Matching Problems between Development and R&D.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Choudhuri, B. D. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ?, ?, 1979.\n Google-Books-ID: FR_6twAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{choudhuri_aspects_1979,\n\taddress = {?},\n\ttitle = {Some {Aspects} of {Science} and {Technology} {Growth} in {Developing} {Nations} and the {Matching} {Problems} between {Development} and {R}\\&{D}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {?},\n\tauthor = {Choudhuri, B. D. Nag},\n\tyear = {1979},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: FR\\_6twAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Developing Countries, Development, Industrialisation, Industry, R\\&D Instituions, R\\&D Policy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Technology and Society: An Indian View.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Choudhuri, B. D. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, 1979.\n Google-Books-ID: Fw_bAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{choudhuri_technology_1979,\n\taddress = {Shimla},\n\ttitle = {Technology and {Society}: {An} {Indian} {View}},\n\tshorttitle = {Technology and {Society}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Indian Institute of Advanced Study},\n\tauthor = {Choudhuri, B. D. Nag},\n\tyear = {1979},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Fw\\_bAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Sociology of Technology, Technology \\& Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Ecological and Socio-Economic Consequences of Water-Control Projects in the Kuttanad Region of Kerala.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kannan, K. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences Section C: Engineering Sciences, 2(4): 417–433. December 1979.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kannan_ecological_1979,\n\ttitle = {Ecological and {Socio}-{Economic} {Consequences} of {Water}-{Control} {Projects} in the {Kuttanad} {Region} of {Kerala}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {0973-7677},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02842889},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02842889},\n\tabstract = {An assessment of the external effects produced by water-control projects is essential, not only for the introduction of corrective measures, but also for revealing cases of “malignant development”.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-05-15},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences Section C: Engineering Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Kannan, K. P.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1979},\n\tkeywords = {Development, Engineering, Technology \\& Society, Water, Water politics},\n\tpages = {417--433},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n An assessment of the external effects produced by water-control projects is essential, not only for the introduction of corrective measures, but also for revealing cases of “malignant development”.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Policy Studies: A Survey of Research in Advanced Countries on Developing Countries.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.; Qureshi, M. A.; and Kharbanda, V. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Centre for the Study of Science, Technology & Development, Delhi, 1979.\n Google-Books-ID: mUVAngEACAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{rahman_science_1979,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science {Policy} {Studies}: {A} {Survey} of {Research} in {Advanced} {Countries} on {Developing} {Countries}},\n\tshorttitle = {Science {Policy} {Studies}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Centre for the Study of Science, Technology \\& Development},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur and Qureshi, M. A. and Kharbanda, V. P.},\n\tyear = {1979},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: mUVAngEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1978\n \n \n (8)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Towards an Understanding of the Philosophy of Technology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Purkayasta, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Water Wold, 1(1): 20–23. September 1978.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{purkayasta_towards_1978,\n\ttitle = {Towards an {Understanding} of the {Philosophy} of {Technology}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tabstract = {"To understand the relation between science and technology and society, it is necessary to understand what technology is, its inner laws, its relation to both the realm of knowledge at large and to its parts, the meaning of technological progress, and a host of other matters that are essentially philosophical qquestions"\n\n(From the introduction of the essay)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Water Wold},\n\tauthor = {Purkayasta, Prabir},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1978},\n\tkeywords = {Engineering, Philosophy of Technology, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {20--23},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"To understand the relation between science and technology and society, it is necessary to understand what technology is, its inner laws, its relation to both the realm of knowledge at large and to its parts, the meaning of technological progress, and a host of other matters that are essentially philosophical qquestions\" (From the introduction of the essay)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n R & D Planning in the Framework of National Plans: A Study of R & D Efforts and Socio-economic Objectives in the Fifth Five Year Plan, 1974-79.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Centre for the Study of Science, T.; and Development\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Centre for the Study of Science, Technology & Development, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, 1978.\n Google-Books-ID: uegDAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{centre_for_the_study_of_science_technology_and_development_r_1978,\n\ttitle = {R \\& {D} {Planning} in the {Framework} of {National} {Plans}: {A} {Study} of {R} \\& {D} {Efforts} and {Socio}-economic {Objectives} in the {Fifth} {Five} {Year} {Plan}, 1974-79},\n\tshorttitle = {R \\& {D} {Planning} in the {Framework} of {National} {Plans}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Centre for the Study of Science, Technology \\& Development, Council of Scientific \\& Industrial Research},\n\tauthor = {Centre for the Study of Science, Technology, {and} Development},\n\tyear = {1978},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: uegDAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Five Year Plans, R\\&D Policy, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T System in India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and imperialism: What Is Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alam, M. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Race & Class, 19(3): 239–251. January 1978.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{alam_science_1978,\n\ttitle = {Science and imperialism: {What} {Is} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tcopyright = {https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0306-3968, 1741-3125},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and imperialism},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/030639687801900302},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/030639687801900302},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Race \\& Class},\n\tauthor = {Alam, M. Anis},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1978},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonialism, India, Marxism \\& Science, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {239--251},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sir Proby Cautley (1802-1871), A Pioneer of Indian Irrigation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brown, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hall, A.; and Smith, R. N., editor(s), History of Technology, pages 35–89. Mansell Publishing, London, 1978.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@incollection{brown_sir_1978,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {Sir {Proby} {Cautley} (1802-1871), {A} {Pioneer} of {Indian} {Irrigation}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {History of {Technology}},\n\tpublisher = {Mansell Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Brown, Joyce},\n\teditor = {Hall, A.R. and Smith, R. Norman},\n\tyear = {1978},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Technology, Biography, Colonial India, Irrigation},\n\tpages = {35--89},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Society in Ancient India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyaya, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n John Benjamins Publishing, Amsterdam, 1978.\n Google-Books-ID: PyGG6jgXsfEC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{chattopadhyaya_science_1978,\n\taddress = {Amsterdam},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Society} in {Ancient} {India}},\n\tisbn = {9789060320983},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Science_and_Society_in_Ancient_India/PyGG6jgXsfEC?hl=en&gbpv=1},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {John Benjamins Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad},\n\tyear = {1978},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: PyGG6jgXsfEC},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Philosophy and Science, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Social History of Science, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n History of Mathematical Astronomy in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pinagree, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Dictonary of Scientific Biography, volume 25, pages 533–633. Scribner's, New York, 1978.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{pinagree_history_1978,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {History of {Mathematical} {Astronomy} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Dictonary of {Scientific} {Biography}},\n\tpublisher = {Scribner's},\n\tauthor = {Pinagree, David},\n\tyear = {1978},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Astronomy, Indian Knowledge Systems},\n\tpages = {533--633},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Energy Options for the Third World.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Reddy, A. K. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 34(5): 28–33. 1978.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{reddy_energy_1978,\n\ttitle = {Energy {Options} for the {Third} {World}},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tissn = {0096-3402, 1938-3282},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.1978.11458506},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00963402.1978.11458506},\n\tabstract = {"For most poor countries, the answer is to develop\nenergy efficiency at the village level; urban-industrial modelsof the West are neither desirable nor attainable."\n\n"A detailed scenario for the decentralized, renewable-source approach to meeting village energy needs is neither possible nor advisable, because the details would vary too much with the precise nature and structure of the energy needs and the availability of energy sources. Further, the time-variation of the\nchanges in energy supplies and needs will also vary from village to village. The scenario will also vary\nwith developments in technology. Even for the micro-world of Third World villages, all the techniques of\nenergy planning have not yet been fashioned. This then is the real challenge-to envisage the energy\nfutures for Third World villages and then to implement these visions. If these villages are to be the peripherals to growth, their futures as well as those of the people in them are bleak; but if they are made the core\nof development, their futures are bright. " [From the conclsuion of the essay]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists},\n\tauthor = {Reddy, Amulya Kumar N.},\n\tyear = {1978},\n\tkeywords = {Development, Energy, India, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {28--33},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"For most poor countries, the answer is to develop energy efficiency at the village level; urban-industrial modelsof the West are neither desirable nor attainable.\" \"A detailed scenario for the decentralized, renewable-source approach to meeting village energy needs is neither possible nor advisable, because the details would vary too much with the precise nature and structure of the energy needs and the availability of energy sources. Further, the time-variation of the changes in energy supplies and needs will also vary from village to village. The scenario will also vary with developments in technology. Even for the micro-world of Third World villages, all the techniques of energy planning have not yet been fashioned. This then is the real challenge-to envisage the energy futures for Third World villages and then to implement these visions. If these villages are to be the peripherals to growth, their futures as well as those of the people in them are bleak; but if they are made the core of development, their futures are bright. \" [From the conclsuion of the essay]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Culture.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Uberoi, J. P. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, 1978.\n Google-Books-ID: JJ01AAAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{uberoi_science_1978,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Culture}},\n\tisbn = {9780195611168},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Uberoi, J. P. Singh},\n\tyear = {1978},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: JJ01AAAAIAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1977\n \n \n (8)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Society: Some Reflections.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Choudhuri, B. D. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ankur Publishing House, 1977.\n Google-Books-ID: 2sglAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{choudhuri_science_1977,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Society}: {Some} {Reflections}},\n\tshorttitle = {Science and {Society}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Ankur Publishing House},\n\tauthor = {Choudhuri, B. D. Nag},\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 2sglAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Sociology of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Triveni: Science, Democracy, and Socialism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, 1977.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_triveni_1977,\n\taddress = {Shimla},\n\ttitle = {Triveni: {Science}, {Democracy}, and {Socialism}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Triveni/9-U4AAAAMAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Indian Institute of Advanced Study},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tkeywords = {Developing Countries, Marxism \\& Science, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Science \\& Democracy, Science Policy, Social Change},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Leslie, C. M.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, January 1977.\n Google-Books-ID: jjDo1Xxj4XUC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{leslie_asian_1977,\n\taddress = {Berkeley and Los Angeles},\n\ttitle = {Asian {Medical} {Systems}: {A} {Comparative} {Study}},\n\tisbn = {9780520035119},\n\tshorttitle = {Asian {Medical} {Systems}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of California Press},\n\teditor = {Leslie, Charles M.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: jjDo1Xxj4XUC},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Ayurveda, Bengal, Comparative Analysis, History of Medicine, Medicine, Medieval, South Asia, Sri Lanka, Tamil, Traditional Medicine, Unani},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Imperialism and Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alam, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Scientist, 6(5): 3–15. December 1977.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{alam_imperialism_1977,\n\ttitle = {Imperialism and {Science}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3520085},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.2307/3520085},\n\tabstract = {(not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Social Scientist},\n\tauthor = {Alam, Anis},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Marxism \\& Science, Social History of Science},\n\tpages = {3--15},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Technological Alternatives and the Indian Energy Crisis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Reddy, A. K. N.; and Prasad, K. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 12(33/34): 1465–1502. 1977.\n Number: 33/34\n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{reddy_technological_1977,\n\ttitle = {Technological {Alternatives} and the {Indian} {Energy} {Crisis}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {0012-9976},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4365858},\n\tabstract = {In a country like India where income inequalities are also reflected as inequalities of per capita energy consumption, the new energy crisis mainly threatens the consumption-oriented lifestyle of an energy-affluent elite and has far less impact on the rural poor. These, condemned to survive on 'zero' private cost non-commercial energy, have been in the grip of a grave energy crisis from a period long before the 'new' energy crisis began. The energy-calamity that has overtaken the elite provides an excellent opportunity to review the whole Indian energy situation and seek alternatives compatible with the resource constraints, which would result in a more equitable pattern of energy consumption. This paper traces the origins of the recent energy crisis and presents a detailed diagnosis. Apart from detailed suggestions regarding the conservation of oil as well as more intensive use of coal, hydel power and non-commercial energy sources, the study specifically examines the possibilities and limitations of three main alternative energy sources: solar energy, bio-gas and wind energy. There is also a brief discussion of possible improvements in the utilisation of human and animal energies. Some specific and detailed suggestions regarding the distribution of available energy among the urban and rural population are made. It is calculated that an increase by 4.4 times of the total commercial and non-commercial energy production in 1971 in India will ensure the entire Indian population a reasonable energy consumption. This increase must be reached by a strategy of discriminatory and biased increases, so that the energy consumption of the deprived and affluent sections is increased by factors of 5 and 2.5 respectively. Such increases require a mix of decentralised and centralised energy production, the former being more relevant to the rural areas. The study concludes that the energy crisis of the affluent is not a people's problem and the real energy crisis experienced by the poor can be tackled with alternative approaches.},\n\tnumber = {33/34},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Reddy, Amulya Kumar N. and Prasad, K. Krishna},\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tnote = {Number: 33/34},\n\tkeywords = {Energy, Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {1465--1502},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In a country like India where income inequalities are also reflected as inequalities of per capita energy consumption, the new energy crisis mainly threatens the consumption-oriented lifestyle of an energy-affluent elite and has far less impact on the rural poor. These, condemned to survive on 'zero' private cost non-commercial energy, have been in the grip of a grave energy crisis from a period long before the 'new' energy crisis began. The energy-calamity that has overtaken the elite provides an excellent opportunity to review the whole Indian energy situation and seek alternatives compatible with the resource constraints, which would result in a more equitable pattern of energy consumption. This paper traces the origins of the recent energy crisis and presents a detailed diagnosis. Apart from detailed suggestions regarding the conservation of oil as well as more intensive use of coal, hydel power and non-commercial energy sources, the study specifically examines the possibilities and limitations of three main alternative energy sources: solar energy, bio-gas and wind energy. There is also a brief discussion of possible improvements in the utilisation of human and animal energies. Some specific and detailed suggestions regarding the distribution of available energy among the urban and rural population are made. It is calculated that an increase by 4.4 times of the total commercial and non-commercial energy production in 1971 in India will ensure the entire Indian population a reasonable energy consumption. This increase must be reached by a strategy of discriminatory and biased increases, so that the energy consumption of the deprived and affluent sections is increased by factors of 5 and 2.5 respectively. Such increases require a mix of decentralised and centralised energy production, the former being more relevant to the rural areas. The study concludes that the energy crisis of the affluent is not a people's problem and the real energy crisis experienced by the poor can be tackled with alternative approaches.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Astronomy in the Indus Valley Civilization: A Survey of the Problems and Possibilities of the Ancient Indian Astronomy and Cosmology in the Light of Indus Script Decipherment by the Finnish Scholars.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ashfaque, S. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Centaurus, 21(2): 149–193. June 1977.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n@article{ashfaque_astronomy_1977,\n\ttitle = {Astronomy in the {Indus} {Valley} {Civilization}: {A} {Survey} of the {Problems} and {Possibilities} of the {Ancient} {Indian} {Astronomy} and {Cosmology} in the {Light} of {Indus} {Script} {Decipherment} by the {Finnish} {Scholars}},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tcopyright = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm\\_license\\_1.1},\n\tissn = {0008-8994, 1600-0498},\n\tshorttitle = {Astronomy in the {Indus} {Valley} {Civilization}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0498.1977.tb00351.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1600-0498.1977.tb00351.x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-05-21},\n\tjournal = {Centaurus},\n\tauthor = {Ashfaque, Syed Mohammad},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Astronomy, History of Indian Astronomy, Indian Knowledge Systems},\n\tpages = {149--193},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Report of the Centre for the Study of Science, Technology, and Development.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Centre for the Study of Science, T.; and (India), D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Council of Scientific & Industrial Research., New Delhi, 1977.\n Google-Books-ID: JsTpGxyqTJgC\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@techreport{centre_for_the_study_of_science_technology_and_development_india_report_1977,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Report of the {Centre} for the {Study} of {Science}, {Technology}, and {Development}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tinstitution = {Council of Scientific \\& Industrial Research.},\n\tauthor = {Centre for the Study of Science, Technology, {and} Development (India)},\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: JsTpGxyqTJgC},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Policy Studies in India: A Status Report.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Centre for the Study of Science, Technology, and Development, CSIR : Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi, 1977.\n Google-Books-ID: flKgAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@techreport{rahman_science_1977,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science {Policy} {Studies} in {India}: {A} {Status} {Report}},\n\tshorttitle = {Science {Policy} {Studies} in {India}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tinstitution = {Centre for the Study of Science, Technology, and Development, CSIR : Indian Council of Social Science Research},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: flKgAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {India, Science and State},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1976\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Operations Research: Some Experimental Applications.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tyabji, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 11(48): M108–M109+M111. November 1976.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@article{tyabji_operations_1976,\n\ttitle = {Operations {Research}: {Some} {Experimental} {Applications}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tabstract = {It was in the late 1930s that the Royal Air Force, while experimenting with new radar stations, made the revolutionary discovery that the scientific placing of radar stations was a problem quite distinct from the technological one of making individual stations work reliably. What was even more revolutionary was the choice of leading physical and biological scientists to solve the problem. This use of the scientific method of enquiry to solve an operational as opposed to a theoretical problem came to be known as Operational Research. In view of the circumstances of its origin and growth, OR has come to be seen as merely a way of tackling problems by breaking them into smaller problems to make them analytically tractable; the larger institutional causes of these problems are considered outside the ken of OR. The present paper questions these assumptions and proposes some alternative applications of OR.},\n\tnumber = {48},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Tyabji, Nasir},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {1976},\n\tkeywords = {Air Force, Colonial Science, Operational Research, Post-Independence India, Radar Stations, Research Environment, Research collaboration},\n\tpages = {M108--M109+M111},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n It was in the late 1930s that the Royal Air Force, while experimenting with new radar stations, made the revolutionary discovery that the scientific placing of radar stations was a problem quite distinct from the technological one of making individual stations work reliably. What was even more revolutionary was the choice of leading physical and biological scientists to solve the problem. This use of the scientific method of enquiry to solve an operational as opposed to a theoretical problem came to be known as Operational Research. In view of the circumstances of its origin and growth, OR has come to be seen as merely a way of tackling problems by breaking them into smaller problems to make them analytically tractable; the larger institutional causes of these problems are considered outside the ken of OR. The present paper questions these assumptions and proposes some alternative applications of OR.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Growth and Failures of India s Science Policy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharma, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic & Political Weekly, 11(51): 1969–1971. December 1976.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{sharma_growth_1976,\n\ttitle = {Growth and {Failures} of {India} s {Science} {Policy}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4365190},\n\tabstract = {For the developing nations, 'Science Policy' has a special significance because it stands for deliberate efforts of formulating national goals and systematic planning towards achieving specific aspirations of the people. Science Policy is not mere allocation and institutional management of funds and resources provided for R and D; in its broadest sense, it concerns itself with the generation of new knowledge and its application to the development of society. Thus, Science Policy inherently involves consideration not only of the economist, the sociologist and the philosopher, but also of the political leadership. The present paper discusses Science Policy in India as it was formulated in the Science Policy Resolution of 1958 under the direction of Jawaharlal Nehru, the various constraints within which it has had to function, the measures taken to implement it.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {51},\n\tjournal = {Economic \\& Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Sharma, Dhirendra},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1976},\n\tkeywords = {S\\&T Governance, S\\&T System in India, Science Policy Resolution, 1958, Science and Democracy},\n\tpages = {1969--1971},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n For the developing nations, 'Science Policy' has a special significance because it stands for deliberate efforts of formulating national goals and systematic planning towards achieving specific aspirations of the people. Science Policy is not mere allocation and institutional management of funds and resources provided for R and D; in its broadest sense, it concerns itself with the generation of new knowledge and its application to the development of society. Thus, Science Policy inherently involves consideration not only of the economist, the sociologist and the philosopher, but also of the political leadership. The present paper discusses Science Policy in India as it was formulated in the Science Policy Resolution of 1958 under the direction of Jawaharlal Nehru, the various constraints within which it has had to function, the measures taken to implement it.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1975\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific Advice for British India: Imperial Perceptions and Administrative Goals, 1898—1923.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n MacLeod, R. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Modern Asian Studies, 9(3): 343–384. May 1975.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{macleod_scientific_1975,\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Advice} for {British} {India}: {Imperial} {Perceptions} and {Administrative} {Goals}, 1898—1923},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {1469-8099, 0026-749X},\n\tshorttitle = {Scientific {Advice} for {British} {India}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/abs/scientific-advice-for-british-india-imperial-perceptions-and-administrative-goals-18981923/BCA8617CA9C83EA655A004F97F098988},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0026749X00005813},\n\tabstract = {In recent years there has been a continuing effort to place the history of scientific activity in Europe firmly in the political, economic and social contexts in which ideas and institutions have developed. Hitherto, however, comparatively little attention has been paid to the development of scientific institutions in the European colonial empires, or to the role of scientific activity in the commercial exploitation, civil government, or political development of individual countries.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Modern Asian Studies},\n\tauthor = {MacLeod, Roy M.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1975},\n\tkeywords = {British Empire, British India, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Governance, India, Institutionalization, Institutions, Scientific Advice, Scientific temper},\n\tpages = {343--384},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In recent years there has been a continuing effort to place the history of scientific activity in Europe firmly in the political, economic and social contexts in which ideas and institutions have developed. Hitherto, however, comparatively little attention has been paid to the development of scientific institutions in the European colonial empires, or to the role of scientific activity in the commercial exploitation, civil government, or political development of individual countries.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Alternative Technology: A Viewpoint from India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Reddy, A. K. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Social Studies of Science, 5(3): 331–342. August 1975.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{reddy_alternative_1975,\n\ttitle = {Alternative {Technology}: {A} {Viewpoint} from {India}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tcopyright = {http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license},\n\tissn = {0306-3127, 1460-3659},\n\tshorttitle = {Alternative {Technology}},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/030631277500500304},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/030631277500500304},\n\tabstract = {"The situation with respect to the development of alternative technologies in India is therefore quite mixed - a far too hesitant and inadequate commitment at the national level, and embryonic efforts at the institutional level. But, looming in the background, is the economic crisis which may well prove the determining factor in the choice of technologies. The escalating price of imported oil has had alarming consequences, including a colossal drain on foreign exchange, and a serious shortage of fertilizers and power. Road and rail transport, too, have been badly hit, and there is a general threat of industrial recession amidst a desperate situation with regard to food. Above all, the unemployment problem is worsening\nyear by year as a growing population thrusts millions into the work-force. Implicit in all this, but clearly perceived by the elite, is the inevitable political repercussion of the gathering economic storm. It is no surprise, therefore, that arguments for alternative technology are being voiced in ever-widening circles." \n[From the conlcuding section of the ppaper]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Social Studies of Science},\n\tauthor = {Reddy, Amulya Kumar N.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1975},\n\tkeywords = {Technology \\& Society},\n\tpages = {331--342},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"The situation with respect to the development of alternative technologies in India is therefore quite mixed - a far too hesitant and inadequate commitment at the national level, and embryonic efforts at the institutional level. But, looming in the background, is the economic crisis which may well prove the determining factor in the choice of technologies. The escalating price of imported oil has had alarming consequences, including a colossal drain on foreign exchange, and a serious shortage of fertilizers and power. Road and rail transport, too, have been badly hit, and there is a general threat of industrial recession amidst a desperate situation with regard to food. Above all, the unemployment problem is worsening year by year as a growing population thrusts millions into the work-force. Implicit in all this, but clearly perceived by the elite, is the inevitable political repercussion of the gathering economic storm. It is no surprise, therefore, that arguments for alternative technology are being voiced in ever-widening circles.\" [From the conlcuding section of the ppaper]\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1974\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science, Technology, and Economic Development.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n National Publishing House, New Delhi, 1974.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_science_1974,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Science, {Technology}, and {Economic} {Development}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {National Publishing House},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1974},\n\tkeywords = {Developing Countries, Development, Economy, Post-Independence India, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Science Policy, State \\& Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Is Science Autonomous.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramasubban, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 9(11). March 1974.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ramasubban_is_1974,\n\ttitle = {Is {Science} {Autonomous}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Ramasubban, Radhika},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1974},\n\tkeywords = {Sociology of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Human Progress: Essays in honour of Late Prof. D. D. Kosambi Scientist, Indologist and Humanist.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1974.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{noauthor_science_1974,\n\taddress = {Bombay},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Human} {Progress}: {Essays} in honour of\nLate {Prof}. {D}. {D}. {Kosambi} \nScientist, {Indologist} and {Humanist}},\n\tabstract = {Essays in Humanities, Indology, Science, \nMathematics and Personal Tributes to late Prof. Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi. \n\n"The present Volume is divided into three broad Sections, viz., (1) Articles in Humanities, (2) Articles in Science, and (3) Reminiscences of Prof. D. D. Kosambi and his views." \n[From the Preface]},\n\tpublisher = {Popular Prakashan},\n\tyear = {1974},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, India, Intellectual History, Kosambi, D.D., Marxism \\& Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Essays in Humanities, Indology, Science, Mathematics and Personal Tributes to late Prof. Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi. \"The present Volume is divided into three broad Sections, viz., (1) Articles in Humanities, (2) Articles in Science, and (3) Reminiscences of Prof. D. D. Kosambi and his views.\" [From the Preface]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Partners with India: Building Agricultural Universities.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Read, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Illinois, at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture for the Council of United States Universities for Rural Development in India, 1974.\n Google-Books-ID: 7sZPAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{read_partners_1974,\n\ttitle = {Partners with {India}: {Building} {Agricultural} {Universities}},\n\tshorttitle = {Partners with {India}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Illinois, at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture for the Council of United States Universities for Rural Development in India},\n\tauthor = {Read, Hadley},\n\tyear = {1974},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7sZPAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Agricultural Research, Agriculture, Cold War, India, Institutionalization, Institutions, International Collaboration, Rural Development, Science Diplomacy, Science Education, Science and State, USA},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Policy Studies.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.; and Sharma, K. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Somaiya Publications, 1974.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_science_1974,\n\ttitle = {Science {Policy} {Studies}},\n\tisbn = {9780896845558},\n\tabstract = {India's science policy; articles and papers published from 1939-66.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Somaiya Publications},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur and Sharma, K. D.},\n\tyear = {1974},\n\tkeywords = {India, Science and State},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n India's science policy; articles and papers published from 1939-66.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1973\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Notes for the Study on the Early Scientific Work of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Blanpied, W. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Japanese Studies in the History of Science, (12): 121–144. 1973.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{blanpied_notes_1973,\n\ttitle = {Notes for the {Study} on the {Early} {Scientific} {Work} of the {Asiatic} {Society} of {Bengal}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\tjournal = {Japanese Studies in the History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Blanpied, William A.},\n\tyear = {1973},\n\tkeywords = {Asiatic Society of Bengal, British India, British Naturalists, History of Science \\& Technology, Orientalism, Scientific Community, Scientific elites},\n\tpages = {121--144},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
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\n\n \n \n 1972\n \n \n (6)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Trimurti: Science, Technology & Society: A Collection of Essays.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n People's Publishing House, New Delhi, 1972.\n Google-Books-ID: RFWNokHGvNYC\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_trimurti_1972,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Trimurti: {Science}, {Technology} \\& {Society}: {A} {Collection} of {Essays}},\n\tshorttitle = {Trimurti},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {People's Publishing House},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1972},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: RFWNokHGvNYC},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Anatomy of Science.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n National Publishing HOuse, New Delhi, 1972.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{rahman_anatomy_1972,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Anatomy of {Science}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {National Publishing HOuse},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1972},\n\tkeywords = {Post-Independence India, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Science and Democracy, Scientific Community, Scientists},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Scince, the Fettered Giant: Can We Free It?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bhattacharya, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 7(36): 1837–1842. September 1972.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{bhattacharya_scince_1972,\n\ttitle = {Scince, the {Fettered} {Giant}: {Can} {We} {Free} {It}?},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tabstract = {Scientific and economic developments are inseparable processes. In today's world, divided as it is into developed and underdeveloped areas, neither can take place in an underdeveloped country unless the country is shielded from the developed countries. Underdeveloped countries have now to contend with the existence of developed countries whose political, economic, and social forces are always stronger than their own. Free competition, collaboration, and assistance will, in the circumstances, always work to the advantage of the developed countries and to the detriment of the developing ones. Not collaboration but enlightened isolation, is therefore the key to the underdeveloped countries' scientific and well as economic development. The concepts of internationalism of science and technology, of transfer of technology, of development through assistance and aid, have done immense harm and kept underdeveloped countries at the mercy of the developed ones. It is only with a policy such as this - of building science from the bottom up - and not by any mere organisational reform of the scientific activity alone in the country, can we unfetter the giant that is science today and use it for our economic and cultural progress.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {36},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Bhattacharya, K.R.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1972},\n\tkeywords = {India, International Collaboration, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, State \\& Science, Transfer of Technology},\n\tpages = {1837--1842},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Scientific and economic developments are inseparable processes. In today's world, divided as it is into developed and underdeveloped areas, neither can take place in an underdeveloped country unless the country is shielded from the developed countries. Underdeveloped countries have now to contend with the existence of developed countries whose political, economic, and social forces are always stronger than their own. Free competition, collaboration, and assistance will, in the circumstances, always work to the advantage of the developed countries and to the detriment of the developing ones. Not collaboration but enlightened isolation, is therefore the key to the underdeveloped countries' scientific and well as economic development. The concepts of internationalism of science and technology, of transfer of technology, of development through assistance and aid, have done immense harm and kept underdeveloped countries at the mercy of the developed ones. It is only with a policy such as this - of building science from the bottom up - and not by any mere organisational reform of the scientific activity alone in the country, can we unfetter the giant that is science today and use it for our economic and cultural progress.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Pharmaceutical Industry in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ramachandran, P.; and Rangarao, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 7(9): M27+M29–M36. February 1972.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ramachandran_pharmaceutical_1972,\n\ttitle = {The {Pharmaceutical} {Industry} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tabstract = {Though there are a large number of units in the Indian pharmaceutical industry, the core of the industry is dominated by multinational firms operating as Indian subsidiaries and by firms with foreign financial or technical participation. These firms greatly depend on imported technology and imported raw materials for production. As a whole, the pharmaceutical industry in India is far less productive than it is in other countries - judged by the investment to production ratio. The majority of the products are 10 years, or more, old and the technology cannot be termed 'advanced' by Western standards. The visible and invisible costs borne by the nation for the foreign capital and technology have been heavy. How far the pharmaceutical industry, given its present set-up, would be able to attain the national objective of self-sufficiency in drugs calls for a thorough study of the industry's technology, modifications of processes and efforts towards subsitution of imported raw materials. Measured by the present trends in R and D investments, the industry is not geared to any major innovation in the near future.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Ramachandran, P.K. and Rangarao, B.V.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1972},\n\tkeywords = {Drugs \\& Pharmaceuticals, India, Pharmaceutical Industry, R\\&D Policy},\n\tpages = {M27+M29--M36},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Though there are a large number of units in the Indian pharmaceutical industry, the core of the industry is dominated by multinational firms operating as Indian subsidiaries and by firms with foreign financial or technical participation. These firms greatly depend on imported technology and imported raw materials for production. As a whole, the pharmaceutical industry in India is far less productive than it is in other countries - judged by the investment to production ratio. The majority of the products are 10 years, or more, old and the technology cannot be termed 'advanced' by Western standards. The visible and invisible costs borne by the nation for the foreign capital and technology have been heavy. How far the pharmaceutical industry, given its present set-up, would be able to attain the national objective of self-sufficiency in drugs calls for a thorough study of the industry's technology, modifications of processes and efforts towards subsitution of imported raw materials. Measured by the present trends in R and D investments, the industry is not geared to any major innovation in the near future.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Indian Academic Profession: The Origins of a Tradition of Subordination.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gilbert, I. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Minerva, 10(3): 384–411. July 1972.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{gilbert_indian_1972,\n\ttitle = {The {Indian} {Academic} {Profession}: {The} {Origins} of a {Tradition} of {Subordination}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1573-1871},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Indian} academic profession},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01556921},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF01556921},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Minerva},\n\tauthor = {Gilbert, Irene A.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1972},\n\tkeywords = {Academic Profession, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Governmentality, Higher Education, Indian Civil Service, Intelligentsia, International Collaboration, Science Education, Scientific Community, University},\n\tpages = {384--411},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific Works in Sanskrit, Translated into Foreign Languages and Vice-versa in the 18th and 19th Century A.D.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sen, S. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Journal of History of Science, 7: 44–70. May 1972.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sen_scientific_1972,\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Works} in {Sanskrit}, {Translated} into {Foreign} {Languages} and {Vice}-versa in the 18th and 19th {Century} {A}.{D}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {0019-5235},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Indian Journal of History of Science},\n\tauthor = {Sen, S. N.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1972},\n\tpmid = {11609815},\n\tkeywords = {India, Sanskrit Texts, Social History of Medicine, Social History of Science, Translation},\n\tpages = {44--70},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
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\n\n \n \n 1971\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Indian Science and Technology in the Eighteenth Century: Some Contemporary European Accounts.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dharampal\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Impex India, Delhi, First Edition edition, July 1971.\n Google-Books-ID: XcwNEQAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{dharampal_indian_1971,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\tedition = {First Edition},\n\ttitle = {Indian {Science} and {Technology} in the {Eighteenth} {Century}: {Some} {Contemporary} {European} {Accounts}},\n\tabstract = {A collection of essays written by English people on the contemporary technologies in the Eighteenth Century India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Impex India},\n\tauthor = {{Dharampal}},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1971},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: XcwNEQAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {18th Century, Documentation, India, Technologies-in-Practice, Technology \\& Society, Traditional Knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n A collection of essays written by English people on the contemporary technologies in the Eighteenth Century India.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sir William O’Shaughnessy, Lord Dalhousie, and the Establishment of the Telegraph System in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gorman, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technology and Culture, 12(4): 581–601. 1971.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{gorman_sir_1971,\n\ttitle = {Sir {William} {O}’{Shaughnessy}, {Lord} {Dalhousie}, and the {Establishment} of the {Telegraph} {System} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1097-3729},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/893557},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Technology and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Gorman, Mel},\n\tyear = {1971},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, British India, Colonialism, Technologies-in-Practice, Technology \\& Society, Telecommunication, Telegraph},\n\tpages = {581--601},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A Concise History of Science in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bose, D. M.; Sen, S. N.; and Subbarayappa, B. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n [Published for the National Commission for the Compilation of History of Sciences in India by] Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, First edition edition, 1971.\n Google-Books-ID: WrTaAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{bose_concise_1971,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\tedition = {First edition},\n\ttitle = {A {Concise} {History} of {Science} in {India}},\n\tisbn = {9780883861332},\n\tabstract = {India's contributions in the field of science have been very influential in the development of human civilisation. The decimal place value system and the Ayurvedic way of life are just two well-known legacies of this ancient culture. Yet there are only a few books which provide an unbiased and authentic view of this world. One reason for this is that the study of Indian science through the ages involves the complex integration of the knowledge of many languages and diverse scientific disciplines. Through the years, there has been growing interest in this study as an important aspect in understanding man's interaction with nature, his material life and cultural patterns. The Indian National Science Academy, through its History of Science Board (1958) and the National Commission for the Compilation of History of Sciences in India (1967) renamed in 1989 as the Indian National Commission for History of Science sought further means to stimulate this interest among universities and scholars. The result was the publication of A Concise History of Science in India.\n\nThis book attempts to present a brief account of the development of science from early times to Independence, in one of the most ancient civilisations of the world. After nearly four decades since its publication, A Concise History of Science in India remains one of the most extensive and authentic account of Indian science through the ages. Yet further studies in the field have brought to light new material. This revised edition [2009], taken up by B V Subbarayappa, one of the three original editors, seeks to integrate the new information with the knowledge already at hand.\n\n[From the description given along with the second edition, Orient blackswan, 2009]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {[Published for the National Commission for the Compilation of History of Sciences in India by] Indian National Science Academy},\n\tauthor = {Bose, D. M. and Sen, Samarendra Nath and Subbarayappa, B. V.},\n\tyear = {1971},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: WrTaAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Colonialism, History of Science Board (1958), INSA, Indian National Commission for History of Science (1989), INSA, National Commission for the Compilation of History of Sciences in India (1967), INSA, Social History of Knowledge, Social History of Medicine, Social History of Science, Social History of Technology, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n India's contributions in the field of science have been very influential in the development of human civilisation. The decimal place value system and the Ayurvedic way of life are just two well-known legacies of this ancient culture. Yet there are only a few books which provide an unbiased and authentic view of this world. One reason for this is that the study of Indian science through the ages involves the complex integration of the knowledge of many languages and diverse scientific disciplines. Through the years, there has been growing interest in this study as an important aspect in understanding man's interaction with nature, his material life and cultural patterns. The Indian National Science Academy, through its History of Science Board (1958) and the National Commission for the Compilation of History of Sciences in India (1967) renamed in 1989 as the Indian National Commission for History of Science sought further means to stimulate this interest among universities and scholars. The result was the publication of A Concise History of Science in India. This book attempts to present a brief account of the development of science from early times to Independence, in one of the most ancient civilisations of the world. After nearly four decades since its publication, A Concise History of Science in India remains one of the most extensive and authentic account of Indian science through the ages. Yet further studies in the field have brought to light new material. This revised edition [2009], taken up by B V Subbarayappa, one of the three original editors, seeks to integrate the new information with the knowledge already at hand. [From the description given along with the second edition, Orient blackswan, 2009]\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1970\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Some Aspects of Prehistoric Technology in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sankalia, H. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, 1970.\n Google-Books-ID: FypYAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{sankalia_aspects_1970,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Some {Aspects} of {Prehistoric} {Technology} in {India}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Indian National Science Academy},\n\tauthor = {Sankalia, Hasmukhlal Dhirajlal},\n\tyear = {1970},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: FypYAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Archeology, History of Technology, Prehistoric, South Asian History, Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1969\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science Perspectives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Zaheer, S. H.; Rahman, A.; and Achaya, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Academic Books, 1969.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n
\n\n\n@book{zaheer_science_1969,\n\ttitle = {Science {Perspectives}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Academic Books},\n\tauthor = {Zaheer, S. Husain and Rahman, Abdur and Achaya, K.T.},\n\tyear = {1969},\n\tkeywords = {Marxism \\& Science, S\\&T Policy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sociology of Science in Developing Countries: The Indian Experience.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parthasarathi, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 4(31): 1277–1280. August 1969.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{parthasarathi_sociology_1969,\n\ttitle = {Sociology of {Science} in {Developing} {Countries}: {The} {Indian} {Experience}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tabstract = {If developing countries like India are to generate an indigenous and self-sustaining scientific and technological capacity, their science policies will have to be based on a better sociological understanding of the scientific community's situation in their societies and of the socialisation process of the individual scientist. Such a study would throw up some of the crucial factors affecting the outputs of scientific enterprises and of individual scientists. It might thus suggest the bearings by which a national science policy may be formulated.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {31},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Parthasarathi, Ashok},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1969},\n\tkeywords = {Developing Countries, Post-Independence India, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, Scientific Community, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {1277--1280},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n If developing countries like India are to generate an indigenous and self-sustaining scientific and technological capacity, their science policies will have to be based on a better sociological understanding of the scientific community's situation in their societies and of the socialisation process of the individual scientist. Such a study would throw up some of the crucial factors affecting the outputs of scientific enterprises and of individual scientists. It might thus suggest the bearings by which a national science policy may be formulated.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1968\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Swaraj.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Uberoi, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Contributions to Indian Sociology, 2(1): 119–123. 1968.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{uberoi_science_1968,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Swaraj}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\turl = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0069966719680107},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00699667196801},\n\tabstract = {"THE aim and method of science are no doubt uniform throughout the world but the problem of science in relation to society is not. The problem or problems of science in a rich, technologically satiated society are different from, even opposed to, its problems in a society of poverty lately liberated from colonial bondage. The two sets of problems and two situations\ncannot, without serious falsification, be placed upon a single continuum. It is scientism and not science which conceives of them along the single line of unilinear evolutionism. Our understanding of the proper content of science, its problems and its priorities in relation to a specific society will depend on our attitude toward this question."\n\n[From the introduction of the the essay]},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Contributions to Indian Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Uberoi, JPS},\n\tyear = {1968},\n\tkeywords = {Self Reliance, Sociology of Science},\n\tpages = {119--123},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"THE aim and method of science are no doubt uniform throughout the world but the problem of science in relation to society is not. The problem or problems of science in a rich, technologically satiated society are different from, even opposed to, its problems in a society of poverty lately liberated from colonial bondage. The two sets of problems and two situations cannot, without serious falsification, be placed upon a single continuum. It is scientism and not science which conceives of them along the single line of unilinear evolutionism. Our understanding of the proper content of science, its problems and its priorities in relation to a specific society will depend on our attitude toward this question.\" [From the introduction of the the essay]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Jahangir: The Naturalist.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alvi, M. A.; and Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n National Institute of Sciences, New Delhi, 1968.\n Google-Books-ID: irebPQAACAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{alvi_jahangir_1968,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Jahangir: {The} {Naturalist}},\n\tshorttitle = {Jahangir},\n\tabstract = {"As we turn over the pages of the Memoirs of this illustrious king, the Tuzuhi-Jahangiri (also called qiat-i-J ahangiri and Jahangirnamah) we come across descriptions of animals and plants providing as though, refreshing deviations from amidst of his somewhat monotonous narratives of political and court events. Occasionally we encounter also many observations on natural phenomena such as the appearance of meteors, \ndescriptions of medical interest, such as the rabies; or rats being the carriers of plague, or accounts of industrial processes, such as manufacture of beverages, preparation of rose-scent or the smelting of meteorite iron for the making of swords and daggers. \nAll these put together make interesting reading both for the curious layman as well as the scientist. The present monograph is planned chiefly in order to have all this material from Jahangir’s Memoirs assembled at one place in a systematic form. \n\nThe monograph is divided into five sections : The first is \ncomprised of thirty three major items on as many species of animals; the second concerns eleven species of plants (some represented by their fruits or flowers). In these sections, note has also been taken of Jahangir's incidental references, respectively to 36 species of animals and 57 of plants. The information\ngiven by Jahangir includes distinctive characters, ecology, anatomical notes, habitats, local names, weights and measurements. "\n[From the Introduction]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {National Institute of Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Alvi, M. A. and Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1968},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: irebPQAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, History of Medicine, Medieval India, Memoirs, Mughal, Natural History, Tuzuhi-Jahangiri},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"As we turn over the pages of the Memoirs of this illustrious king, the Tuzuhi-Jahangiri (also called qiat-i-J ahangiri and Jahangirnamah) we come across descriptions of animals and plants providing as though, refreshing deviations from amidst of his somewhat monotonous narratives of political and court events. Occasionally we encounter also many observations on natural phenomena such as the appearance of meteors, descriptions of medical interest, such as the rabies; or rats being the carriers of plague, or accounts of industrial processes, such as manufacture of beverages, preparation of rose-scent or the smelting of meteorite iron for the making of swords and daggers. All these put together make interesting reading both for the curious layman as well as the scientist. The present monograph is planned chiefly in order to have all this material from Jahangir’s Memoirs assembled at one place in a systematic form. The monograph is divided into five sections : The first is comprised of thirty three major items on as many species of animals; the second concerns eleven species of plants (some represented by their fruits or flowers). In these sections, note has also been taken of Jahangir's incidental references, respectively to 36 species of animals and 57 of plants. The information given by Jahangir includes distinctive characters, ecology, anatomical notes, habitats, local names, weights and measurements. \" [From the Introduction]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fathullah Shirazi: a Sixteenth-Century Indian Scientistist.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alvi, M.; and Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n National Institute of Science Of India, New Delhi, 1968.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{alvi_fathullah_1968,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Fathullah {Shirazi}: a {Sixteenth}-{Century} {Indian} {Scientistist}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Fathullah_Shirazi/_GlXAAAAMAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {"Fathullah was a versatile genius. “If the old books of wisdom had disappeared”, says Abul Fazl, “he (Fathullah) could have laid a new foundation (of knowledge) and would not have wished for what had gone” . He specialised in many subjects— theology, literature, grammar, philosophy, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, astrology, mechanics, talisman and magic. Emperor Akbar mourned his death in \nthese words: “Had he fallen in the hands of the Franks, and they had demandedall my treasures in exchange for him, I should gladly have entered upon such profitable traffic and bought that precious jewel cheap”\n\nIn the context of the medieval tradition marked by lack of continuity, the sudden flowering of the genius of Shirazi and his attainments raise significant \nquestions for history of science in India. \n\nFirstly, what was the source of his inspiration and the actual content of his achievements? Did he borrow from the Greeks or from the developments in West \nand Central Asia? Was his work a mere reproduction of the past? Had he something to contribute by way of extension of the then known developments or had \nanything new to say? \n\nSecondly, why this line of activity having impressed his contemporaries so much was not developed further? \n\nFathullah Shirazi’s attainments do suggest that given the necessary incentive, Indian genius could be directed to ‘mechanical arts’ and could contribute significantly \nto inventing mechanical jgadgets in the medieval context. The developments in civil engineering and architecture are other examples of this on a greater scale. If Shirazi is an isolated example, and not a tradition, it is a phenomenon which has to be studied. \n\nIn this monograph some light is thrown on these problems." \n\n[From the Introduction]},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2025-08-07},\n\tpublisher = {National Institute of Science Of India},\n\tauthor = {Alvi, M.A. and Rahman, A.},\n\tyear = {1968},\n\tkeywords = {16th Century, Biography, Early modern, India, Islam \\& Science, Islam/Muslim, Medieval India, Mughal, Scientists, Shirazi, Fathullah},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"Fathullah was a versatile genius. “If the old books of wisdom had disappeared”, says Abul Fazl, “he (Fathullah) could have laid a new foundation (of knowledge) and would not have wished for what had gone” . He specialised in many subjects— theology, literature, grammar, philosophy, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, astrology, mechanics, talisman and magic. Emperor Akbar mourned his death in these words: “Had he fallen in the hands of the Franks, and they had demandedall my treasures in exchange for him, I should gladly have entered upon such profitable traffic and bought that precious jewel cheap” In the context of the medieval tradition marked by lack of continuity, the sudden flowering of the genius of Shirazi and his attainments raise significant questions for history of science in India. Firstly, what was the source of his inspiration and the actual content of his achievements? Did he borrow from the Greeks or from the developments in West and Central Asia? Was his work a mere reproduction of the past? Had he something to contribute by way of extension of the then known developments or had anything new to say? Secondly, why this line of activity having impressed his contemporaries so much was not developed further? Fathullah Shirazi’s attainments do suggest that given the necessary incentive, Indian genius could be directed to ‘mechanical arts’ and could contribute significantly to inventing mechanical jgadgets in the medieval context. The developments in civil engineering and architecture are other examples of this on a greater scale. If Shirazi is an isolated example, and not a tradition, it is a phenomenon which has to be studied. In this monograph some light is thrown on these problems.\" [From the Introduction]\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1967\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Scientific Journals in India: A Study of Their Characteristics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rahman, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Research Survey & Planning Organization, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, 1967.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n
\n\n\n@book{rahman_scientific_1967,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Journals} in {India}:\nA {Study} of {Their} {Characteristics}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Research Survey \\& Planning Organization, Council of Scientific \\& Industrial Research},\n\tauthor = {Rahman, Abdur},\n\tyear = {1967},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Sources of Technological Growth.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Parthasarathi, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Economic and Political Weekly, 2(47): 2090–2092. December 1967.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{parthasarathi_sources_1967,\n\ttitle = {The {Sources} of {Technological} {Growth}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tabstract = {The sequence from invention to innovation involves several closely inter-dependent activities ranging from basic research, applied research, development, design and engineering of prototype or pilot plant, production and marketing to sales and after-sales service. But in the developing countries it is the latter part of the chain—what may be called design, development and engineering (D, D \\& E) — that is of crucial importance for technological growth. In India this important point has not been grasped so far, mainly because our 'science and technology' budget has never been broken down into its basic, applied and developmental research components. It follows that for innovation to become the motor of progress an increasing number of personnel trained in science and technology have to make their careers not in 'research' but in planning, management, production, marketing and sales. At the level of planning decisions, an area where economists have been far less sure of themselves is that of determining the mix of options in a given technology, especially when the international pool of know-how is subject to rapid change and the outputs are highly heterogeneous in terms of degree of processing, cost and quality. But getting down to such policy-oriented analysis cannot be put off indefinitely.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {47},\n\tjournal = {Economic and Political Weekly},\n\tauthor = {Parthasarathi, Ashok},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1967},\n\tkeywords = {Developing Countries, Industry, Innovation Policy, Innovation ecosystem, Planning, R\\&D Policy, S\\&T Governance, S\\&T Policy, S\\&T System in India, S\\&T Ventures, Technology},\n\tpages = {2090--2092},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The sequence from invention to innovation involves several closely inter-dependent activities ranging from basic research, applied research, development, design and engineering of prototype or pilot plant, production and marketing to sales and after-sales service. But in the developing countries it is the latter part of the chain—what may be called design, development and engineering (D, D & E) — that is of crucial importance for technological growth. In India this important point has not been grasped so far, mainly because our 'science and technology' budget has never been broken down into its basic, applied and developmental research components. It follows that for innovation to become the motor of progress an increasing number of personnel trained in science and technology have to make their careers not in 'research' but in planning, management, production, marketing and sales. At the level of planning decisions, an area where economists have been far less sure of themselves is that of determining the mix of options in a given technology, especially when the international pool of know-how is subject to rapid change and the outputs are highly heterogeneous in terms of degree of processing, cost and quality. But getting down to such policy-oriented analysis cannot be put off indefinitely.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1966\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Changing Perspectives in the History of Sciences.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sen, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science and Culture, 31(5): 214–219. 1966.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sen_changing_1966,\n\ttitle = {Changing {Perspectives} in the {History} of {Sciences}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Science and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Sen, S.N.},\n\tyear = {1966},\n\tkeywords = {Historiographies, History of Science \\& Technology, India},\n\tpages = {214--219},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Bibliography of Sanskrit Works on Astronomy and Mathematics: Part1-Manuscripts, Texts, Translations & Studies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sen, S. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n National Institute of Sciences of India, New Delhi, 1966.\n Google-Books-ID: oh00AAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{sen_bibliography_1966,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {A {Bibliography} of {Sanskrit} {Works} on {Astronomy} and {Mathematics}: {Part1}-{Manuscripts}, {Texts}, {Translations} \\& {Studies}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_Bibliography_of_Sanskrit_Works_on_Astr/oh00AAAAMAAJ?hl=en},\n\tabstract = {"In the preparation of this bibliography, 79 catalogues of Sanskrit manuscripts were consulted Information given with respect to Mss is therefore limited to what is contained in the aforesaid catalogues To that extent the present survey of Mss attempted in this work needs must be incomplete in view of a considerable amount of manuscript literature, whether already deposited in the libraries or in private collections, remaining yet to be catalogued and described It is possible that the catalogues consulted may not have exhausted all those that have appeared to date but every effort has been made to make the bibliography as representative as possible The bibliography records more or less 660 titles by about 480 authors and about 320 anonymous \nworks " [From Introduction]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {National Institute of Sciences of India},\n\tauthor = {Sen, Samarendra Nath},\n\tyear = {1966},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: oh00AAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Bibliography, Medieval India, Sanskrit Texts},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"In the preparation of this bibliography, 79 catalogues of Sanskrit manuscripts were consulted Information given with respect to Mss is therefore limited to what is contained in the aforesaid catalogues To that extent the present survey of Mss attempted in this work needs must be incomplete in view of a considerable amount of manuscript literature, whether already deposited in the libraries or in private collections, remaining yet to be catalogued and described It is possible that the catalogues consulted may not have exhausted all those that have appeared to date but every effort has been made to make the bibliography as representative as possible The bibliography records more or less 660 titles by about 480 authors and about 320 anonymous works \" [From Introduction]\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1965\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Indian Culture.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Haldane, J. B. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n New Age Publishers, Calcutta, 1965.\n Google-Books-ID: Y9AJAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{haldane_science_1965,\n\taddress = {Calcutta},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Indian} {Culture}},\n\tabstract = {JBS Haldane's writings on science in India.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {New Age Publishers},\n\tauthor = {Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson},\n\tyear = {1965},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Y9AJAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Haldane, JBS, India, Red Scientists, The},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n JBS Haldane's writings on science in India.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1963\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n History of Science in India: How It Should be Written?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bose, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science and Culture, 29(4): 163–166. 1963.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@article{bose_history_1963,\n\ttitle = {History of {Science} in {India}: {How} {It} {Should} be {Written}?},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Science and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Bose, D.M.},\n\tyear = {1963},\n\tkeywords = {Historiographies, History of Science \\& Technology, India, Science \\& Culture},\n\tpages = {163--166},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Asiatic Society's Contribution to Science Studies in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bose, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science and Culture, 29(5): 2219–224. 1963.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@article{bose_asiatic_1963,\n\ttitle = {Asiatic {Society}'s {Contribution} to {Science} {Studies} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Science and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Bose, D.M.},\n\tyear = {1963},\n\tkeywords = {Asiatic Society of Bengal, History of Science \\& Technology, Science \\& Culture},\n\tpages = {2219--224},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fifty Years of Science in India: Progress of Anthropology and Archaeology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bose, N. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Indian Science Congress Association, 1963.\n Google-Books-ID: R2dXAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n@book{bose_fifty_1963,\n\ttitle = {Fifty {Years} of {Science} in {India}: {Progress} of {Anthropology} and {Archaeology}},\n\tshorttitle = {Fifty {Years} of {Science} in {India}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Indian Science Congress Association},\n\tauthor = {Bose, Nirmal Kumar},\n\tyear = {1963},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: R2dXAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Anthropology, Archeology, India},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pingree, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 54(2): 229–246. June 1963.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{pingree_astronomy_1963,\n\ttitle = {Astronomy and {Astrology} in {India} and {Iran}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tissn = {0021-1753, 1545-6994},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/349703},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/349703},\n\tabstract = {Describes about interrelationship between Babylonian, Greek and Indian astronomy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-05-09},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Pingree, David},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1963},\n\tkeywords = {Astrology, Astronomy},\n\tpages = {229--246},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n Describes about interrelationship between Babylonian, Greek and Indian astronomy.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1962\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Western Science in India before 1850.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Larwood, H. J. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 94(1-2): 62–76. April 1962.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{larwood_western_1962,\n\ttitle = {Western {Science} in {India} before 1850},\n\tvolume = {94},\n\tissn = {1474-0591, 1356-1863},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/western-science-in-india-before-1850/CF42C3F7CFAC1DBBA3B849ADC204030C},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0035869X00120544},\n\tabstract = {The establishment and consolidation of the British Empire in India occurred at a time of expanding interest and achievement in science in Europe. In India there was certainly an appreciation of the importance of this European science, for the growth of science education there in the early nineteenth century compares not unfavourably with that in England. But what kind of scientific interests and activities were to be found in India up to about 1850, and who were the men who pursued them ?},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\turldate = {2025-07-11},\n\tjournal = {Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society},\n\tauthor = {Larwood, H. J. C.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {1962},\n\tkeywords = {19th Century, British Empire, Colonial India, Colonial Science, Diffusionist model, History of Science \\& Technology},\n\tpages = {62--76},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n The establishment and consolidation of the British Empire in India occurred at a time of expanding interest and achievement in science in Europe. In India there was certainly an appreciation of the importance of this European science, for the growth of science education there in the early nineteenth century compares not unfavourably with that in England. But what kind of scientific interests and activities were to be found in India up to about 1850, and who were the men who pursued them ?\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1959\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Lōkayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chattopadhyaya, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n People's Publishing House, Delhi, 1959.\n Google-Books-ID: 47zsAAAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n@book{chattopadhyaya_lokayata_1959,\n\taddress = {Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Lōkayata: {A} {Study} in {Ancient} {Indian} {Materialism}},\n\tisbn = {978-8170070061},\n\tshorttitle = {Lōkayata},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {People's Publishing House},\n\tauthor = {Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad},\n\tyear = {1959},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 47zsAAAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Materialism, Philosophy and Science, Sanskrit Texts, Social History of Knowledge, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1958\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Printing Press In India: Its Beginnings and Early Development.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Priolkar, A. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Marathi Samshodana Mandala, Bombay, 1958.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{priolkar_printing_1958,\n\taddress = {Bombay},\n\ttitle = {The {Printing} {Press} {In} {India}: {Its} {Beginnings} and {Early} {Development}},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/PrintingPressInIndia},\n\tabstract = {A History of the Early Printing Presses and their reception in India},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2025-07-28},\n\tpublisher = {Marathi Samshodana Mandala},\n\tauthor = {Priolkar, Anant Kakba},\n\tyear = {1958},\n\tkeywords = {British India, History of Technology, India, Printing, Printing Technology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n A History of the Early Printing Presses and their reception in India\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Autobiography of a Bengali Chemist.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ray, P. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Orient Book Company, Calcutta, 1958.\n Google-Books-ID: XyI4AQAAIAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{ray_autobiography_1958,\n\taddress = {Calcutta},\n\ttitle = {Autobiography of a {Bengali} {Chemist}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Orient Book Company},\n\tauthor = {Ray, Prafulla Chandra},\n\tyear = {1958},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: XyI4AQAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Autobiography, Bengal, Chemical industry, Chemistry, Colonial Science, Colonialism, Gandhi \\& Science, Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, India, Industrialisation, Intellectual History, Intelligentsia, National Movement, Nationalism, Social History of Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1956\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n History of Science in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bose, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science and Culture, 21(8): 395–402. 1956.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@article{bose_history_1956,\n\ttitle = {History of {Science} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tjournal = {Science and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Bose, D.M.},\n\tyear = {1956},\n\tkeywords = {Historiographies, History of Science \\& Technology, India, Science \\& Culture},\n\tpages = {395--402},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1952\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Freedom.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kosambi, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Monthly Review, 4: 200–205. 1952.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@article{kosambi_science_1952,\n\ttitle = {Science and {Freedom}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Monthly Review},\n\tauthor = {Kosambi, D.D.},\n\tyear = {1952},\n\tpages = {200--205},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tamil Astronomy: A Study in the History of Astronomy in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Neugebauer, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 10: 252–276. 1952.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{neugebauer_tamil_1952,\n\ttitle = {Tamil {Astronomy}: {A} {Study} in the {History} of {Astronomy} in {India}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\tshorttitle = {Tamil {Astronomy}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/368555},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/368555},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-05-09},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Neugebauer, O.},\n\tyear = {1952},\n\tkeywords = {Astronomy, India, Tamil, Traditional knowledge},\n\tpages = {252--276},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1950\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Agricultural and Botanic Knowledge of Ancient India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hammett, F. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 9: 211–226. January 1950.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n
Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{hammett_agricultural_1950,\n\ttitle = {Agricultural and {Botanic} {Knowledge} of {Ancient} {India}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {0369-7827, 1933-8287},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/368530},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/368530},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2025-07-14},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Hammett, Frederick S.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1950},\n\tkeywords = {Agriculture, Ancient India, Botany, Natural History, Traditional Knowledge},\n\tpages = {211--226},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1948\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sir Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, F. R. S.: A Biographical Study of India's Eminent Scientist.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Richards, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n New Book Society of India, New Delhi, 1948.\n Google-Books-ID: GI8nAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n
\n\n\n\n@book{richards_sir_1948,\n\taddress = {New Delhi},\n\ttitle = {Sir {Shanti} {Swarup} {Bhatnagar}, {F}. {R}. {S}.: {A} {Biographical} {Study} of {India}'s {Eminent} {Scientist}},\n\tshorttitle = {Sir {Shanti} {Swarup} {Bhatnagar}, {F}. {R}. {S}.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {New Book Society of India},\n\tauthor = {Richards, Norah},\n\tyear = {1948},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: GI8nAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Brahmo Samaj, CSIR, India, SS Bhatnagar},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1947\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Science and Philosphy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Roy, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Renaissance Publishing, Culcutta, October 1947.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{roy_science_1947,\n\taddress = {Culcutta},\n\ttitle = {Science and {Philosphy}},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/scienceandphilos035286mbp},\n\tabstract = {In Science and Philosophy, famed philosopher M.N. Roy explores the relationship between science and philosophy, arguing that the two disciplines are inherently linked. Roy's insights are still relevant today, and this book is a must-read for anyone interested in the history of philosophy or the role of science in society.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2025-09-15},\n\tpublisher = {Renaissance Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Roy, M.N.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {1947},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy and Science, Science \\& Culture},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n In Science and Philosophy, famed philosopher M.N. Roy explores the relationship between science and philosophy, arguing that the two disciplines are inherently linked. Roy's insights are still relevant today, and this book is a must-read for anyone interested in the history of philosophy or the role of science in society.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1943\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Eastern Wisdom and Western Knowledge.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coomaraswamy, A. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Isis, 34(4): 359–363. 1943.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@article{coomaraswamy_eastern_1943,\n\ttitle = {Eastern {Wisdom} and {Western} {Knowledge}},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Isis},\n\tauthor = {Coomaraswamy, Ananda K.},\n\tyear = {1943},\n\tkeywords = {Civilizations, Epistemology, Science \\& Culture},\n\tpages = {359--363},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1936\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A Review of Hindu Mathematics upto the 12th Century.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Singh, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Archeion, 18: 43–62. 1936.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@article{singh_review_1936,\n\ttitle = {A {Review} of {Hindu} {Mathematics} upto the 12th {Century}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Archeion},\n\tauthor = {Singh, A.N.},\n\tyear = {1936},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, History of Mathematics, History of Science \\& Technology, Mathematics, Traditional Knowledge},\n\tpages = {43--62},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n On the Use of Series in Hindu Mathematics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Singh, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Osiris, 1: 606–628. January 1936.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n
\n\n\n\n@article{singh_use_1936,\n\ttitle = {On the {Use} of {Series} in {Hindu} {Mathematics}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Osiris},\n\tauthor = {Singh, A.N.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1936},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, History of Mathematics, History of Science \\& Technology, Mathematics, Traditional Knowledge},\n\tpages = {606--628},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1935\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n History of Hindu Mathematics: A Source Book- Part 1: Numeral Notation and Arithmetic.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Datta, B.; and Singh, A. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1935.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n@book{datta_history_1935,\n\taddress = {Bombay},\n\ttitle = {History of {Hindu} {Mathematics}: {A} {Source} {Book}- {Part} 1: {Numeral} {Notation} and {Arithmetic}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Asia Publishing House},\n\tauthor = {Datta, Bibhutibhusan and Singh, Avadhesh Narayan},\n\tyear = {1935},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, History of Mathematics, History of Science \\& Technology, Mathematics, Traditional Knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1932\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Life And Experiences of Bengali Chemist.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Prafulla Chandra Ray\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Chuckervertty, Chatterjee & Co. Ltd. and Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd., Calcutta & London, 1932.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{prafulla_chandra_ray_life_1932,\n\taddress = {Calcutta \\& London},\n\ttitle = {Life {And} {Experiences} of {Bengali} {Chemist}},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.90919},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2025-08-08},\n\tpublisher = {Chuckervertty, Chatterjee \\& Co. Ltd. and Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner \\& Co. Ltd.},\n\tauthor = {{Prafulla Chandra Ray}},\n\tyear = {1932},\n\tkeywords = {Autobiography, British India, Chemical industry, Chemistry, Colonial Science, Pharmaceutical Industry, Ray, P.C., Scientists},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1924\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n James Rennell: First Surveyor-General of India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jameson, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Bengal Past and Present, 28(1): 1–11. 1924.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@article{jameson_james_1924,\n\ttitle = {James {Rennell}: {First} {Surveyor}-{General} of {India}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Bengal Past and Present},\n\tauthor = {Jameson, A.K.},\n\tyear = {1924},\n\tkeywords = {Biography, Cartography, Colonial India, Colonialism},\n\tpages = {1--11},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1918\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hindu Achievements in Exact Science: A Study in the History of Scientific Development.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sarkar, B. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Longmans, Green and Co., New York, 1918.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{sarkar_hindu_1918,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Hindu {Achievements} in {Exact} {Science}: {A} {Study} in the {History} of {Scientific} {Development}},\n\turl = {http://archive.org/details/cu31924031220126},\n\tabstract = {"The main object of this little book is to furnish some of the chronological links and logical affinities between the scientific investigations of the Hindus and those of the Greeks, Chinese, and Saracens. Details relating to thte migration of discoveries have been generally avoided, as they require a treatment more technical than the present scope and space admit. Nor have all the achievements of the Hindus in any branch of science been treated in an exhaustive manner. \nIt has been sought to present a comprehensive, though very brief account of the entire scientific work of ancient and mediasval India in the perspective of developments in other lands."\n[From the Preface, p. v]},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\turldate = {2025-07-28},\n\tpublisher = {Longmans, Green and Co.},\n\tauthor = {Sarkar, Benoy Kumar},\n\tcollaborator = {{Cornell University Library}},\n\tyear = {1918},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Astronomy, Chemistry, Comparative Analysis, Greek Science, History of Science \\& Technology, Mathematics, Medicine, Medieval India, Natural History, Physics},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n \"The main object of this little book is to furnish some of the chronological links and logical affinities between the scientific investigations of the Hindus and those of the Greeks, Chinese, and Saracens. Details relating to thte migration of discoveries have been generally avoided, as they require a treatment more technical than the present scope and space admit. Nor have all the achievements of the Hindus in any branch of science been treated in an exhaustive manner. It has been sought to present a comprehensive, though very brief account of the entire scientific work of ancient and mediasval India in the perspective of developments in other lands.\" [From the Preface, p. v]\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1915\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Seal, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1915.\n Google-Books-ID: 7FjwDwAAQBAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{seal_positive_1915,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {The {Positive} {Sciences} of the {Ancient} {Hindus}},\n\tisbn = {9788120809253},\n\tabstract = {The author's direct aim in the present work is to furnish the historians of the special sciences with new material which will serve to widen the scope of their survey. The Hindus no less than the Greeks have shared in the work of constructing scientific concepts and methods in the investigation of physical phenomena, as well as of building up a body of positive knowledge which has been applied to industrial technique; and Hindu scientific ideas and methodology (e.g. the inductive method or method of algebraic analysis) have deeply influenced the course of natural philosophy in Asia-in the East as well as the West-in China and Japan, as well as in the Saracen Empire. The author has undertaken a comparative estimate of Greek and Hindu science. Hindu Philosophy om its empirical side was dominated by geometrical concepts and methods. The author has cared to see that the Sanskrit philosophic-scientific terminology, however difficult from its technical character, is rendered exceedingly precise, consistent, and expressive.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Longmans, Green \\& Co.},\n\tauthor = {Seal, Brajendranath},\n\tyear = {1915},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7FjwDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Ancient India, Astronomy, Historiographies, Mathematics, Philosophy and Science, Traditional knowledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n The author's direct aim in the present work is to furnish the historians of the special sciences with new material which will serve to widen the scope of their survey. The Hindus no less than the Greeks have shared in the work of constructing scientific concepts and methods in the investigation of physical phenomena, as well as of building up a body of positive knowledge which has been applied to industrial technique; and Hindu scientific ideas and methodology (e.g. the inductive method or method of algebraic analysis) have deeply influenced the course of natural philosophy in Asia-in the East as well as the West-in China and Japan, as well as in the Saracen Empire. The author has undertaken a comparative estimate of Greek and Hindu science. Hindu Philosophy om its empirical side was dominated by geometrical concepts and methods. The author has cared to see that the Sanskrit philosophic-scientific terminology, however difficult from its technical character, is rendered exceedingly precise, consistent, and expressive.\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1914\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A History of the Indian Medical Service: 1600-1913.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Crawford, D. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 1&2 W. Thacker & Co, Calcutta & Simla, 1914.\n Google-Books-ID: CpE0AQAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n@book{crawford_history_1914,\n\taddress = {Calcutta \\& Simla},\n\ttitle = {A {History} of the {Indian} {Medical} {Service}: 1600-1913},\n\tvolume = {1\\&2},\n\tshorttitle = {A {History} of the {Indian} {Medical} {Service}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {W. Thacker \\& Co},\n\tauthor = {Crawford, Dirom Grey},\n\tyear = {1914},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: CpE0AQAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {British India, Colonialism},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1909\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century A.D.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ray, P. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 2 The Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaseutical Works, Ltd. & Williams and Norgate, Calcutta & London, Second edition (Revised & Enlarged) edition, 1909.\n Google-Books-ID: 3k80AQAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@book{ray_history_1909,\n\taddress = {Calcutta \\& London},\n\tedition = {Second edition (Revised \\& Enlarged)},\n\ttitle = {A {History} of {Hindu} {Chemistry} from the {Earliest} {Times} to the {Middle} of the {Sixteenth} {Century} {A}.{D}.},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tshorttitle = {A {History} of {Hindu} {Chemistry}},\n\turl = {https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.97550/page/n7/mode/2up},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {The Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaseutical Works, Ltd. \\& Williams and Norgate},\n\tauthor = {Ray, Prafulla Chandra},\n\tyear = {1909},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3k80AQAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Alchemy, Ancient India, History of Chemistry, Indian Knowledge Systems, Medieval, Ray, P.C.},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 1903\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century A.D. (Vol. I).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ray, P. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 1 The Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaseutical Works, Ltd., Calcutta, Second edition (Revised & Enlarged) edition, 1903.\n Google-Books-ID: 3k80AQAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{ray_history_1903,\n\taddress = {Calcutta},\n\tedition = {Second edition (Revised \\& Enlarged)},\n\ttitle = {A {History} of {Hindu} {Chemistry} from the {Earliest} {Times} to the {Middle} of the {Sixteenth} {Century} {A}.{D}. ({Vol}. {I})},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tshorttitle = {A {History} of {Hindu} {Chemistry}},\n\turl = {https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.39319/page/n1/mode/2up?view=theater},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {The Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaseutical Works, Ltd.},\n\tauthor = {Ray, Prafulla Chandra},\n\tyear = {1903},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3k80AQAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Alchemy, Ancient India, History of Chemistry, Indian Knowledge Systems, Medieval, Ray, P.C.},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
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\n\n\n\n\n \n \n 1888\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Stephen Hislop: Pioneer Missionary & Naturalist in Central India from 1844-1863.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Smith, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n J. Murray, London, 1888.\n Google-Books-ID: FJCtAAAAMAAJ\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{smith_stephen_1888,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {Stephen {Hislop}: {Pioneer} {Missionary} \\& {Naturalist} in {Central} {India} from 1844-1863},\n\tshorttitle = {Stephen {Hislop}},\n\tabstract = {(Not available)},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {J. Murray},\n\tauthor = {Smith, George},\n\tyear = {1888},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: FJCtAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {British India, British Naturalists, Colonial India, History of Science \\& Technology, Natural History, Stephen Hislop},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n (Not available)\n
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